classification of living things

Questions

 What are the eigh
groups?

Dr. King Philip Cam
Spaghetti.

ht classification

me Over For Good

Learn Biology Classification- The

e Taxonomic Hierarchy 4.flv

Classificat

tion

The Old

FIVE KINGDOMS OF
ORGANISMS

Monera
Protista
Fungus
Plantae
Animalia

d System

The N

6 Kingdom Proposal

Archebacteria

Eubacteria

New System

l

Classification

Kingdom Monera has bee
kingdoms.

Kingdom Archaebacteria
that live in the harsh envi
the conditions of the earl
first evolving.

Kingdom Eubacteria – la
heterotrophic & autotroph
the autotrophs are photos
chemosynthetic. Harmful

Separated because of bi

of Bacteria

en replaced with two

a – primitive bacteria
ironments that resemble
ly earth when life was

arger kingdom -- includes
hic organisms; some of
synthetic; others are
l & beneficial forms.
iochemical differences.

Domain

 Based on fundamenta
among the Eubacteria
Eukaryotes, many sys
level of classification a
called domain.

 They classify organism
Archaea (which corres
Archaebacteria),

 Bacteria (also called E
 Eukarya (eukaryotes)

al molecular differences
a, Archaebacteria, and
stematists now use a
above the kingdom,

ms in three domains:
sponds to kingdom

Eubacteria)
)

Prokaryotic

 The Archaea and
Bacteria domains
contain prokaryotic
organisms. These are
organisms that do not
have a membrane
bound nucleus.

Eukaryotic

 The Eukarya domain
includes eukaryotes,
or organisms that
have a membrane
bound nucleus.

 This domain is further
subdivided into the
kingdoms Protista,
Fungi, Plantae, and
Animalia.

Life’s diversity, which was originally
been expanded to six when Kingdom

http://lesliehorn

New methods of comparison such as
ongoing reevaluation of the number
six to twelve. Most taxonomists no
classification category called a dom

y divided into five kingdoms, has
m Monera was divided into two.

ne.tripod.com/sitebuildercontent/sitebuilderpictures/sixkingdoms01.g

s DNA sequences have led to an
& kinds of kingdoms ranging from
ow group kingdoms into a higher
main.





Archaebac

 Microbiologists who
study bacteria
determined that the
DNA of these are much
different from other,
true bacteria

 Archaebacteria can
live in extremely
harsh environments

 They do not require
oxygen and can live
in extremely salty
environments as well
as extremely hot
environments.

cteria

Domain Eubacteria

Formerly a part of the
kingdom monera

Name means “true
bacteria”

These are the kind of
bacteria likely to make
us sick, live in our gut to
help us digest food, or
be used in the making
of cheese

Shapes of B
Bacteria are classified

Bacteria

by shape into 3 groups:

Spiral:
spirilla

rod-shaped:
bacilli,
bacillus

Round:
cocci

Domain Eukarya

Contains all of the eukaryotes
(organisms with a nucleus in the

Protista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia

eir cells)

Kingdom Protis

 Eukaryotes
 Single-celled or simple
 Live in damp places of w
 Subdivided into two gro

Algae

Amoeba Euglena

sta

e multicellular
water
oups Protozoans and

Brown Algae Diatom

Protozoans Pr
(c
 No cell walls or M
chlorophyll so ce
they are ch
consumers.

 Most can move
(locomotion)

 Paramecium

Algae

roducers
chlorophyll)
May live as single
ells or form long
hains

Green Algae

Fungi Kingdom

 Body is made up of a netwo
hyphae

 The hyphae help to absorb
very large surface area.

 Fungi are multicellular, with
including a nucleus, but no
heterotrophic.

 Chitin found in their cell wa
 They are sessile organisms.

mushrooms, yeast

ork of threads called

nutrients through their

h a cell wall, organelles
chloroplasts and

alls,
. E.g moulds,

How fungi do dige

A fungus digests
externally by sec
onto the food an
the small nutrien
from digestion.

ests its food?

s its food
creting enzymes
nd then absorbing
nts that result

Plant Kingdom

 Multicellular – made up
 Organelles including nuc

present, and cell walls ar
 Their cell walls contain c
 Make their own food by

 Non-mobile (fixed to one

 Conifer, ferns, mosse

of lots of cells
cleus, chloroplasts are
re present.
cellulose.
photosynthesis

spot).

es and flowering plants

Plant Kin

 Seed plants are divide
two groups Gymnosp
and Angiosperms.

 Plants that bear flowe
produce seeds are cal
flowering plants
(Angiosperms). There
two kinds of flowering
plants: monocotyledo
dicotyledons.

ngdom cones

ed into
perms

ers and
lled
are
g
ons and

fleshy fruit

Why are fungi and p
in different kingdom

 Based on the presenc
polysaccharide chitin
their cell walls, rather
the cellulose present
cell walls and lack of
chlorophyll.

plants classified
ms?

ce of the
n found in
r than

in plant
f

Plants F

Fungi.flv

Animal Kingdom

 Multicellular – made up of
 Cannot make own food (he
 They have organelles includ

chloroplast or cell walls.
 They have nerves and mus
 Sponges, corals, birds and
 Can be further classified in

invertebrates.

may specialised cells
eterotrophic)
ding a nucleus, but no

scles in their bodies.
mammals

nto vertebrates and

General Characteris

 First, animals are multi-ce
 Second, animals are heter
 Third, animals require oxy

respiration.
 Fourth, animals reproduce

cases, asexually.
 Fifth, most animals are mo

the life cycle.
 Sixth, their life cycles inclu

development.

stics of animals

elled.
rotrophs.
ygen, for use in aerobic

e sexually and, in many

otile during at least part of

ude stages of embryonic

Viruses

 Very small and cannot be
microscope.

 They can only multiply in
another organism (host

 They contain nucleic acid
and must therefore be con
the border between living

e seen through a light

nside living cells of
cell).

ds such as DNA or RNA
nsidered as being on
and non living.