classification of living things

Question

 Why is a mushroom re
than a plant?

 Contrast how fungi dig
food with your own dig

 List the general feature
protista.

 List the six main featur
animals.

egarded as fungus rather

gest and absorb their
gestion.
es that characterize

res that characteristics

Summary
Comparison of Classification Systems
Six Kingdom System

Kingdoms: Archaebacteria, Eubacteria, Pro

Three Domain System
Archaea Domain

Archaebacteria Kingdom (ancient bac

Bacteria Domain

Eubacteria Kingdom (true bacteria),

Eukarya Domain

Protista Kingdom

Fungi Kingdom

Plantae Kingdom

Animalia Kingdom

otista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia.
cteria),

Summary

The Archaea and Bacteria doma
organisms. These are organisms
bound nucleus.

Eubacteria are classified under t
archaebacteria are classified as

The Eukarya domain includes eu
have a membrane bound nucleu

This domain is further subdivided
Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia.

ains contain prokaryotic
s that do not have a membrane

the Bacteria domain and
Archaeans.

ukaryotes, or organisms that
us.

d into the kingdoms Protista,

Summary

 Bacteria are single ce
organisms; they have
have a cell wall, cytop
chromosome.

 Bacteria produce enzy
surrounding medium

 Bacteria reproduce by
 Protoctista are single-

containing a nucleus

ells and microscopic
no proper nucleus; they
plasm and a single

ymes which digest the

y cell division.
-celled organisms

Summary

 Viruses are not include
system since many bio
to be non living.

 Viruses are smaller tha
strictly, be classed as

 Each virus particle con
core enclosed in a pro

 Viruses take over the
and make it produce n

ed in the six kingdom
ologists consider them

an bacteria and cannot,
living organisms.
nsists of a DNA or RNA
otein coat.
host cell’s physiology
new virus particles

 The fungus kingdom co
eukaryotes which have

 Fungi are formed from t
rather than cell

 The branching hyphae p
called a mycelium.

 Fungi secrete enzymes
absorb the digested pro

ontains multicellular,
heterotrophic nutrition.
thread-like hyphae

produce a network

s into their food and
oducts.

 The plant kingdom con
eukaryotes that have a
photosynthesis.

 Animals get their food
other animals.

 Most animals are inver
without backbones. Ve
backbones.

 The animal kingdom co
eukaryotes which are u
heterotrophic.

ntains multicellular,
autotrophic nutrition by

by eating plants or

rtebrates - animals
ertebrates have

ontains multicellular,
usually motile and feed

Gymnosperms

 “Gymnosperm" means n
and is from the Greek wor
gymno meaning naked
and sperm meaning seed.
 In biology, the plants tha
grow cones are called gym
 These are cone-bearing

flowers and fruits
 Gymnosperms are non-f

naked seeds
rds

.
at
mnosperms.
plants which lack

flowering plants.

Gymnosp

1. Most common
gymnosperms are C

2. Conifers have leave
needles or scales ha
reduced surface are
thick waxy coat on t
needle to reduce w
and prevents freezi

perms

Conifers scaly cones
es called
ave a
ea and
the
water loss
ing.

Conifer Reproduction

1. Most conifers are
monoecious

2. Male cones produce pollen
and the female cone produce
eggs and seeds.

3. Male cones are normally
smaller than female cones.

4. Pollen is inefficiently
transferred by the wind.

Separate male and female
reproductive parts in different
locations on the same plant

es Pollen
Seed
. Cone

Pollen
Cone

Other gymno

 Welwitschia – a bizarre gym
Namib desert (So. Africa).

 Live up to 2000 years in the
 Only makes two leaves thro

from sea mist

osperms

mnosperm plant that grows in
ese extreme conditions!
oughout its life. It takes water

Economic impor

 Ecologically, conifers con
to animals and other org
hold the soil in place and
erosion.

 Used for wood, paper, fu
 Ornamental plants (tree

conifers provide Christm
 Food – pine nuts (pesto,
 In South Africa pine are

rtance

ntribute food and shelter
ganisms, and their roots
d help prevent soil

urniture, etc.
es, landscaping, Certain
mas trees)
, etc.)
planted for timber.

Gymnosperms

- YouTube.flv

Angiosperms- “enclo

 Angiosperm means “cove
 Have flowers, fruits with
 Live everywhere – domina
 260,000 species (88% of P
 Angiosperms are the mos

plants on earth

osed seeds”

ered seed”
seeds
ant plants in the world
Plant Kingdom)
st successful and advanced

gymnosperms and

d angiosperms.flv

Monocot vs. dicot

 Angiosperms are divided
dicots

 Monocots have one coty
 Dicots have two cotyledo

d into monocots and

yledon (corn, lily, etc).
ons (bean, oak, etc).

Monocot characteri

Monocots have 1 cotyledon, herba
that have parallel veins, flower par
vascular bundles throughout the st
fibrous root system.
Examples of monocots are corn and

istics

aceous with long, narrow leaves
rts in multiples of 3 and scattered
tem. They have an adventitious or

d grasses.

Dicot characteristics

Dicots contain 2 cotyledons, ha
in their leaves, have flower par
have their vascular bundles in
the stem. The root system com
the tap-root .
Examples of dicots are roses an

s

ave a network vein pattern
rts in multiples of 4 or 5 and
a ring around the edge of
mprises a main root called
nd maple trees.

Comparison of Plant

Mon
O

Dico
B

Noti
two

ts

nocot is on the left
Oat plant
ot is on the right
Bean plant
ice the difference in the

plants

Differences betw
and dicot plants

Feature Monocot
Seeds One cotyledon
Flower parts multiples of th

Leaf venation parallel

Roots Fibrous roots

ween monocot

Dicot
n Two cotyledons
hree multiples of four or

five
Netted
Tap roots

Differences between G
Angiosperms

Gymnosperms
Bear exposed seeds and do
not have flowers or fruits.
Trees, shrubs, no herbs.

Gymnosperms and

Angiosperms
Grow flowers and fruits, also
forms seeds inside an ovary.
Trees, shrubs and herbs.

moncots vs

s. dicots.flv

Angiosperms

 Identify the following pi
monocot or dicot. Justify

Flower A F

ictures as an example of a
y your reason.

Flower B

Angiosperms

 Identify the following pi
monocot or dicot. Justify

ictures as an example of a
y your reason.