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Published by ahmadsyukur21, 2021-02-03 21:50:11

Pendidikan Islam Tahun 6

Pages:

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ƧǯǶ ơƪȁǮ Ǹ ơǮȁƥǷȫ ǸǁƲȏȫ Ǽǁȇǆ

ȅƫȇǳƪ ǸƠƼ ǹǯȇƪơǾǁȫ

Ɠ
ǹǇƥȇƥǷȨ ǡȇƫǻȨ ƠȁȇƫǇȆǁȨ ǽǲơȆƠ ƧǯǶ u H Ȅơȣơƥǆ ȅǳǻǮƼ ȀơƪƠ ƧǯǶ ơƪȁǮ Ǹ ơǮȁƥǷȨ
) !
ƧȇǳȇǾơƲ ǹǷǯǣȟ ǸƠƼ ǹǳǷǞ ǼȀǀơǣȨ ƽȨǀƼ ƧǯǶ ơƪȁǮ

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5.2.1 ǨȁƲơƪ ǹǢƼ șǻǯƫȆ ơǮ ơƪǁǆ ǁƥǷȣ ǸƠƼ Ǆ ȫȇƪ ǡƫǻƪ ƢƠȁƲ ǰƠ ȁǆǁƤ
ƄƠ ƩȇƤ ȅǢȁƳǺȁǣǶ ȫȆǁǶ ǹǷǲơǣȨ ǹǮơƫȆǁȠǻǶ ƽȆǀȁǶ ơƫǻȇǶ 142

Bab 15 (142-148).indd 143 05-Sep-15 5:15:56 PM

Ǽǁȇǆ ȆǸȀǧ À¦® ȝƢƥ

Ɠ
ƧǯǶ ơƪȁǮ Ǹ ơǮȁƥǷȫ ȦǮȏƤ ǁƪȎ

Ɠ
Ȅ ȁƲȁƫǆǁȨƼ ǡȆ ƧȇƥȆƽƶ ǹȇƳǻƲǁȨ ȅƫǺƢȈƼǤǷ ǽǳƪ ƧǯǶƼ ǉȆǁǪ ǹȇǮǁǋǶ ǩǿȇȨ
Ǡ
Ɠ
F/ i6 ǽǳȇƥǪ ȅǢǁǷǶ ǁǯƤ ȅǻƤ ƩȆ ơȆ ȫȆǁǶ ȁƪȁǯǆ ȁƫǻƥǷǶ ǽǳƪ ȫȆǁǶ ȫȆǁǶ
)
ƧȇƥȆƽƶ ǹȇƳǻƲǁȨ ƨȁǯȇǣǶ ǹȇǷǳǇǶ ǩǿȇȨ ǹǢƼ ơȇƫǆ ȅƳǻƲ ƩǯȇǣǶ ǡȆ
ÏǸơǶ ǹǢƼ ǹȇƳǻƲǁȨ ƨƠȁƥǷǶ ǅƥȇƤ ǹȇǷǳǇǶ ǩǿȇȨ ǸƠƼ ǉȆǁǪ ǹȇǮǁǋǶ ǩǿȇȨ

ǸȁǾơƪ 10 ơǶȏǆ ƨơƳǻǆ ǹƫȠǻȣ ȚȁǮȎǁƤ ǸƠƼ ǩǿȇȨ

ǹȇǷǳǇǶ ǴȁǪ ǹǯǿƫǻȆǁǷǶ ƠƽǻȇȤƤ ǹȆƠ ơƫȆǁƤ ƩȨƠƽǻǶ U ƽǷƷǶ ȅƥǺ ȏȇƤơȨƠ

ƠƽǻȇȤƤ ȅƥǺ ǹǢƼ Ǵơǆ ơǶơǆǁƤ ƧǯǷǮ ƩǯǢƠǁƤ ǨȁƫǺȀƠ ǹȨơȇǆǁȨ ƨƠȁƥǷǶ ǁȣƠ

ȅƥǺ ǉȆǁǪ ǹȇǮǁǋǶ ǩǿȇȨ ƽȨǀƼ ȫȆǁǶ ǹǪǁȣǁȨ ǸƠƼ ǸƠȁƲȁƪ ǹǮơȇǇǾǁǶ

ƧǻȆƽǶƼ ƠƽǻȇȤƤ ȅƫǻȤǣȨ ȄƼơƳǻǶ "
@G ǹƤ ) g! .) ǩȇƫǺȏǶ
! )

Ɠ
Ǹ ơƲǁǯȨ Ǥơȇƫǆ ǵǲƠƼ ȅƫȇǳƪ ȄȏȇǺ

5.2.1 ƧǯǷǮ ƩǯǢƠǁƤ Ǵȁǳƥǆ ȅƥǺ ȅȤȇƪƠǁƫǆ ǸƠƼ ǹǣȠǺƠǁȨ ȅǷǿǷǶ ƽȆǀȁǶ ǡȇƥǷȇƤ
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ȅƫǺƢȈƼǤǷ Ȫȁǆ ǡȆ ǸȀơǮ ǠǀȀƗǆ Ȅ ơȗȁȩǷǶ ȫƲ ȫȆǁǶ ǹǪƽǻȇƪ ǹǮơƪơȘǶ ƽȆǀȁǶ ơƫǻȇǶ
143
ȆƴǼƳ

Bab 15 (142-148).indd 142 05-Sep-15 5:15:40 PM

ȅƫȇǳƪ ǸƠƼ ȆǸȀǧ Ǽǁȇǆ

Ɠ
ƧǯǶ ơƪȁǮ Ǹ ơǮȁƥǷȫ ƠȁȇƫǇȆǁȫ

2 1
ǹǯǿƫǻȆǁǷǶ ƠƽǻȇȤƤ 9 v < Țơƥȇƫǆ ƦǁƳǾ ǹȨȏǮ ǸȁǾơƪ ÀƢǔǷ° ǹǲȁƤ ƽȨ
!
W

ǸƠƼ ǾǸȈƻ ơǻȇƥǷǶ ơȆơȨȁǆ ǹȇǷǳǇǶ ǴȁǪ ǴȁǪ ǹǢƼ Ǵơǆ ơǶơǆǁƤ U ƽǷƷǶ ȅƥǺ
ǹȇǯǢȁǶ ǡȆ ǩȗơƥǆ ȅȨƠ ǀȁƤȀƠ ǹǮȎơȘǶ ǹǣǳȇƤ ƧǯǷǮ ȁƲȁǻǶ ƩǯǢƠǁƤ ǹȇǷǳǇǶ
ǉȆǁǪ ǹȇǮǁǋǶ ǹǯȆƼơƳǻǶ ǹȆƠ ǹǪƽǻȇƪ ǠǀȀƠ ȁƥȆǀ ȄơǶƠǁǆ ǽǲƠƼƠ ȫȆǁǶ

ȫȆǁǶ ǹǣǳȇƤ ȫǣȘǶ ǸƠǁǮ ǸȀǁȣ ǄƠǁƤ

ȄơǶƠǀ ǡȆ

3
ǽǳƪ U ƽǷƷǶ ȅƥǺ Z ) b $) * Țơƥȇƫǆ

ǨȁǆơǶ ơȆơȨȁǆ ǹȇǷǳǇǶ ǴȁǪ ǹǯǿƫǻȆǁǷǶ
½ȂƦƫ ƠƿȇƤǁƤ ǡȆ ǹǲơƲ Ȅ ȁǲȏǶ ƧǯǷǮ
Ɠ
ǸƠȁƪơǇǮ ǹǯǿǷǳǶ ǨȁƫǺȀƠ șǺƠȁƲȁƪ

ƧǻȆƽǶ ƧǯǶƼ ǉȆǁǪ ǹȇǮǁǋǶ ǹƪƠȁǫǮ ǸƠƼ

ǁȣƠ ȫȆǁǶ ǹǯƫǣȇǣǶ ȡȁƲ ƠƽǻȇȤƤ

ƨǰǷ ȅǲƠȁȠǮ ǉȆǁǪ ǹȇǮǁǋǶ ȅǢǁǷǶ Ǩƽȇƪ
ǹȇȩǷȇȨƼ ǡȆ ǹȇǷǳǇǶ ǴȁǪ ǠǁǆƼ ȏȇƤơȨƠ

ȅȨơƫƪ ǠǁǆƼ ǽǳƪ 8
" ! 8" 6 ǽȇǲȀƠ

ƧǯǶ ơƪȁǯǮ ǨȁǆơǶ ƩȨƠƼ ȚǂȈƻƠ

5.2.2 ǹǮȁǮȎ ǸƠƼ ƧǯǶ ơƪȁǯǮ ǨȁǆơǶ Ǵȁǳƥǆ ȅƥǺ ȅȤȇƪƠǁƫǆ ǹǯȆƠǀơǻȘǶ ƽȆǀȁǶ ơƫǻȇǶ
ǹȆƠ ȅȤƪƠǁƫǆ ƽȨǀƼ ǹǇǮ ǡƫǻƪ Ǹǀơǆ ǡƥǶȁǆ ȅƫȆȜȇƫǮƠ 144
Ɠ
ǵǲƠƼ Ǹ ơȆơƳǮ ȄơȨơȠǻǶ ǨȁƫǺȀƠ ƽȆǀȁǶ ȅȤȇƪƠǁƫǆ ǡƫǻƪ ǹǲȁȩǶȁǮ ǹǣȠǻȇƤǁȨ ƨƠȁƤ
ǸǁƲȏȨ

Bab 15 (142-148).indd 145 05-Sep-15 5:16:38 PM

Ǽǁȇǆ

4
ơƪȁǯǮ ǨȁǆơǶ ƠƽǻȇȤƤ Z ) b $) * ȄǀƼ

ǹǯǪȀƽǺȁǻǶ ǸƠƼ ơƫǺȀƠ ǡȤǢȁǻǶ ǹǢƼ ƧǯǶ
ơƪǁǆ ƄƠ ƽȩǮ ȄǁȆƼ ǼƽǺǁǶ Ơƽǻƪ ȎơȩǮ

Ǵȏǆƚ ƩǶȀƠ ǹǣǻǷǮ ƩǷǟǺ ǅƪƠ ǀȁǯǊǁƤ
ǹǯȆǁƥǷǶ ƠƽǻȇȤƤ ƧǯǶ ơƪȁǮ ȪȁƥǷǶ

ǡȆ ƧǯǶ ǨȀƼȀƽǻȨ ƽȩǮ ǹƫǶȏǇǮ ǹǻȇǶơƲ
ǴƠǁƷǲƠ ƽƳǇǷǮ ÏǡȇǆơǶ ǽǶȀǁǮ ǨȁǆơǶ

ǹƫǶȏǇǮ ǹǻȇǶơƲ ÀƢȈǨǇ ȁƤƠ ǽǶȀǁǮ ȀơƪƠ
ǹǺơǶƗǮ ǽȇǳȇǷǶ ƧǯǶ ǨȀƼȀƽǻȨ ǹǯƥƥȘǶ ǹȆƠ

ǹȇǷǳǇǶ ǴȁǪ ǹǢƼ ǠǁȨǁƤ ƽȨǀƼ

5
ǹǮȁǮȏǶ ƠƽǻȇȤƤ ƄƠ ƩȇƤƼ ơƥȇƪ ȏȇƤơȨƠ
ǼƠȁƤ 360 ǹǯǿǻǆȁǷǶ ǸƠƼ »¦ȂºººººǗ

ƧƥǟǮ ǡȇǳȇǳǯǆƼ ǸƠƼ ǵǲƠƼƼ ƼƠ ǡȆ ȎơǾǁƤ
ǩȆȐƻƼ ȧȟȀƠǁƤ ƠƽǻȇȤƤ ƩȆƠ ǅȩǳǆ

ǡȆ ǺǧơǟǷǮ ǸƠƼ ǹǇƥȇƥǮ ǡƫǻƪ ȄơǶƠǀ
ǅƪƠ ǉȆǁǪ ǹȇǮǁǋǶ ƽȩǮ ǹǯȆǁƤƼ

ǵǲƠƼ ȄơǶƠǀ ȚǂȈƻƠ ȁǲȎ ǡȆ ǹȩǳȇǇǮ
ƽȩǮ ƧǟȇƤǁƤ ȁƲȁƫǆǁƤ ȫȆǁǶ ǹǣǲơǮ

ƧǞơǖ ȅƳǻƲǁƤ ơƪǁǆ U ƽǷƷǶ ȅƥǺ ȂǨǼȇ¦

ǰȁǆǀ ǸƠƼ ƄƠ ƽȩǮ ơȇƫǆ
ǉȆǁǪ ǹȇȩǷȇǷȨ ǽǲơȆƠ ÀƢȈǨǇ ȁƤƠ
Ǵȏǆƚ ǨȁǳǷǶ ǽǳƪ ǡȆ

Ɠ
5.2.2 ǹǢƼ șǻǯƫȆ ơǮ ǸƠƼ ǹȆơǶƠƽǮ ǹǮơƫǻȇȟ ǡȆ ǴơȣƠ Ȅơȣơƥǆ Ǵȏǆƚ ǡƫǻƪ ǡȠǻȇƤǁƤ ƽȆǀȁǶ ơƫǻȇǶ
Ɠ
ǅǳǮ ǹȨƼơǾƼ ǹǣȠǻȇƤǁȨ Ǳȇǎơƶ ǹǯǣƫǻƤ ǹȆƼȁǷǮ ƧǯǶ ơƪȁǮ Ǹ ơǮȁƥǷȨ ƠȁȇƫǇȆǁȨ
145

Bab 15 (142-148).indd 144 05-Sep-15 5:16:18 PM

ȆƫƢȈƷ À¦® ȆƬȈǴƫ Ǽǁȇǆ

Ɠ
ƧǯǶ ơƪȁǮ Ǹ ơǮȁƥǷȫ ƠȁȇƫǇȆǁȫ ƽȫǀƼ ǀơƥƫǞƠ

ǡȠǺƠǁǶ ǩƳȇƤ ƩǢơǆ U ƽǷƷǶ ȅƥǺ ƾơƫǆƠ 2 ƠȁȇƫǇȆǁȨ ƽȨǀƼ ǀơƥƫǞƠ ǽǮơȨƠ ÏƽȆǀȁǶ 1
Ɠ
ƨȁǯȇǣǶ ǹǮƠ Ȅơǆ ȅȤȇƪƠǁƫǆ ǀȁƪơǣǶ ǸƠƼ ǽȇǲȀƠǁȨ ȁǶơǮ ǡȆ ƧǯǶ ơƪȁǮ Ǹ ơǮȁƥǷȨ
Ɠ
ǹǢƼ ǹǣȠǺƠǁȨ ƨƠȁƥǷǶ ƩȆ ơȆ ȅƥǺ Ơǀơȟ ǠȀơǇǆ ǹǶȎ ƽȨǀƼ
ǸƠƼ ȁƪƠȁǇǆ ǹǮȁǮȏǶ Ǵȁǳƥǆ ȅƫȇǳƪ
ǼȁȤǢȁǆ ǼȁȤǢȁǆǁƤ ǹǢƼ șǻǮơǺơǇǫǳǶ

ǠǀȀƗǆ ȄƼơƳǻǶ ȅƫǇǶ ȡȁƲ ƩȇǮ 4 3
ǹǯǪȁƳǺȁƪƼ ǡȆ ǸơǷȆơȣơƥǆ »ơǟǷȨ ǡȆ ǡȆ ƠƽǻȇȤƤ ¼Ȑººƻ¦ ȅǾȁƫǺȁȠǻǶ ŕǇǶ ƩȇǮ
ǹȆƠ ƠȁȇƫǇȆǁȨ ǵǲƠƼ ȅƥǺ ǽȇǲȀƠ ǡȆ ƩǷǟǺ ǅƪƠ ǀȁǯǊǁƤ Ǆơȇƫǻǆ ǸƠƼ ǞǓ¦Ȃƫ
ƩȇǮ ƽȩǮ ǹǮơȇǺǀȁǮ ƄƠ ǽǳƪ

5
ǵǲƠƼ ǁƥǎ ƪººǨººȈººǏ ǹǯǳǷǟǣǶ ƾơƫǆƠ
ǡȆ ȅƪǁȩǆ ǡȇƫǻȨ ƩǢơǆ ǽǲƠƼƠ ǹȨȀƽȇǿǮ
ƩƤơƷǎ ƠǀơȨ ǸƠƼ ȅƥǺ ǽȇǲȀƠ ǹǯǪȁƳǺȁƪƼ

ǹǆȁǶȀǀ ǸǁƤơȟ ǸƠƼ ǹȇƲȀƠ ȅȨƼơǿǣǶ ȫȇƫǮ
Ɠ
Ɠ
Ǹ ƠƼƗǮ ǵǲƠƼ ȁǮȎǁƤ ƧǯǶ ơƪȁǮ Ǹ ơǮȁƥǷȨ
Ǵȏǆƚ ǴơȣƠ ǹȆƠ ƠȁȇƫǇȆǁȨ ǅȩǳǆ ǸơǶƠ

ǄƠȁǲ ǡƥǷǮǁƤ ǹȇǮơǷǆ

5.2.3 ǹȨȀƽȇǿǮ ǵǲƠƼ șǻǯǳǷǟǣǶ ƽȆǀȁǶ ǹǯǫǲơȣ ǸƠƼ ǅƪƖƼ ǀơƥƫǞƠ ȅȣȎ ǹǯǇǳƲ
5.2.4
ǽǳƪ ǡȆ ǹȆ ȏǆ ƧǯǶ ơƪȁǮ Ǹ ơǮȁƥǷȨ ƧǏȇǪ ƽȨǀƼ ǀơƥƫǞƠ ǹǯȆǁƥǷǶ ƽȆǀȁǶ ơƫǻȇǶ 146
Ɠ
Ɠ
ǹǯȆǁƤƼ

Bab 15 (142-148).indd 147 05-Sep-15 5:17:40 PM

Ǽǁȇǆ ǦȈƫ¦ȘȂǼȇ¦ ǹǶȎ

øǩȇǳȇȟ ȮȇƫȇǮǀƠù ȅƫȆȜȇƫǮƠ ǹǯǻǲơƲ

ǸƠȁƲȁƪ ȀǀơǿƤ ǹƫȩǷƫȨ ǹǆȀơǮ ȁƪơǆ ǹǯǺȁǢơƥǷǶ ǨȁƫǺȀƠ ǹǯǇȣȁƪƼ ǽǳƪ ȁǶơǮ
Ɠ
ȀƼơȨ ȁƪơǆǁƤ ǡȆ Ǵȏǆƚ ƩǮǀơǋǶ ǨȁƫǻƥǷǶ ǽǲƠƼƠ ǹȆƠ ȀǀơǿƤ ǹƫȩǷƫȨ Ǹ ơǻȇƥǷȨ
ǸƠƼ ǹǣȠǺƠǁȨ Ǹȁǆȁǆ ǹǲȁȩǶȁǮǁƤ ƠǀơȠǆ Ǵȏǆƚ ÏȄȏȇǺ ǹǯǳǷǟǣǶ ǸƠƼ

Ɠ
ȄơȨơȟǁƪ ƨȁƥǆǁƪ ǹƫȩǷƫȨ Ǹ ơǻȇƥǷȨ ƩǶȏƫǶ ơȆơȨȁǆ ȅƫȇǳƪ ǹǢƼ ȅȤƪƠǁƫǆ
ǹȆƠȁǇǆǁƤ ǡȆ ǹƫǮǀơǋǷǮ ÏȅƫȆȜȇƫǮƠ ǹǮǀȁƪƠ ǹȆƼȁǷǮ

ǸƠǁǮ ǹǶơƪ ǽǣƪ ǽǣƪƼ ƽƳǇǶ ơǻȇƤ ǹǮƠ ȅǶơǮ

Ȅơȣơƥǆ ǹȆƠ ƽƳǇǶ ǹǯȆƼơƳǻǶ ǹǮƠ ȅǶơǮ
ȅǻȇǆƼ Ǵȏǆƚ ƩǮǀơǋǶ ǹǺȁȩǷȇǾǁȨ ƩǆȁȨ ǹƫȩǷƫȨ ǽǲơȆƠ ǹȆƠ
ȅǶơǮ ȀǀơǿƤ
Ɠ
Ȅǁǆ ǹǶơƪ ƩȆ ơȆ
ǄȀƼǂǧ

ǹǮƠ ǡȆ ȅƫȆȜȇƫǮƠ ǽǮơȨƠ
ǹǯǫƫǲƼ ǅȇǲȁȨ ǨȀƽǺȁȨ ǤơǣǶ ȅƫǻǺ ǹǮǀȁƳǺƖƼ

ǼƽǺǀ ǽǲȁǯǆ ǹǢƼ ǸǁȇȩǷǾǁƤ

5.2.3 ǅȇƫȆǁǮ ǸƠƼ ǦȈƫƢȇǂǯ ǹǢƼ ǅƪƖƼ ȅƫȆȜȇƫǮƠ ǹǮȁǮȏǶ ƽȆǀȁǶ ǡȇƥǷȇƤ
5.2.4 ȫȩǷȆƠ ǹǯȆǁƥǷǶ ƩȨƠƼ ǁȣƠ ǹǣȠǺƠǁȨ ǸƠƼ ȅȤȇƪƠǁƫǆ ƨƠȁƥǷǶ ȅƫȇǳƪ ǁȣƠ ƽȆǀȁǶ ȅƫƷȇǏǺ
147
șǺ ơǻȇƥǷȨ ƩǶȏƫǶ ƽȩǮ ǁǇƤ
Ɠ

Bab 15 (142-148).indd 146 05-Sep-15 5:17:10 PM

ǦȈƬǯ¦ ƠƽǻȇǶ Ǽǁȇǆ

1

Ɠ
ƽȩǮ ƧǯǶ ơƪȁǮ Ǹ ơǮȁƥǷȨ ƠȁȇƫǇȆǁȨ ǹǮơƫȆǁȟ ǅƪƖƼ ǁƥǷȣ ǹǮǁǆƠƼǁƤ
ȁǶơǮ ǹǮƠǀ

Ɠ
ƧǯǶ ơƪȁǮ Ǹ ơǮȁƥǷȨ ǄơǷǆ ƠȁȇƫǇȆǁȨ ƠȁȇƫǇȆǁȨ ǡǮȏƤ ǁƪȎ

ƠȁȇƫǇȆǁȨ ƽȨǀƼ ǀơƥƫǞƠ

Ɠ
Ǹ ơǮȁƥǷȨ ƠȁȇƫǇȆǁȨ ǵǲƠƼ U ƽǷƷǶ ȅƥǺ ǹǣȠǺƠǁȨ ǸƠƼ ȅȤȇƪƠǁƫǆ ǹǯȆƠǀơǻǆ 2
ƨȁƥǆǁƪ ǹǣȠǺƠǁȨ ǸƠƼ ȅȤȇƪƠǁƫǆ ƽȨǀƼ ǹǇǮ ǹǯȆǁƤ ǹȆƼȁǷǮ ƧǯǶ ơƪȁǮ

Ɠ
ǹǮơƪơȗ ƧǯǶ ơƪȁǮ Ǹ ơǮȁƥǷȨ ƠȁȇƫǇȆǁȨ ƽȨǀƼ ǀơƥƫǞƠ ǹǮǁǆƠƼǁƤ 3
ǼȀơƤƼ ȅǆƠȁƫȇǆ ǵǲƠƼ ȁǶơǮ ǹǪƽǻȇƪ

Ȅơǆ Ȅơǆ ǺǰǧơǟǶ
ươǣǆ Ǩƽȇƪ ȅǲơǮ ƄƽǷƷǲƠ
ȄơƲǁƤ Ȅơǆ ǹȆƠ

Ɠ
ǨȀƠ ȅǲơǮ ǹȆ Ȏ ǽƟȇǻǿƪ ƄƽǷƷǲƠ
ȅƪơǾ ȅƪơǾǁƤ ȁǲǁȨ ȄơƲǁƤ ǽǳƪ ǨȀƠ

5.2.1 ƠȁȇƫǇȆǁȨ ǹǯǇǳƳǻǶ ƩȨƠƼ Ȣǣȇǿǆ ǅƪƖƼ ȅƫȆȜȇƫǮƠ ǹǮȁǮȏǶ ƽȆǀȁǶ ǡȇƥǷȇƤ
5.2.2 ǹȨȀƽȇǿǮ ǵǲƠƼ ȚǀơƥƫǞƠ ǹǯǳǷǟǣǶ ǸƠƼ ƧǯǶ ơƪȁǮ Ǹ ơǮȁƥǷȨ
Ɠ
5.2.3 148
5.2.4

Bab 15 (142-148).indd 149 05-Sep-15 5:18:19 PM

ǅȬǳǆ Ǵȏǆƚ ǹȨƥǷǮǁȫ
Ǽǁȇǆ ǸǁƲȏȫ

Ɠ
ƧǯǶ ơƪȁǮ Ǹ ơǮȁƥǷȫ

ȅƫȇǳƪ ǸƠƼ ǹǯȇƪơǾǁȫ

ƧǻȆƽǶ
ƨǰǷ ƢȈǈȈǴǷ

ǨȁƳǺȁƫȨ
Ǵȏǆƚ ƠǀơȤǺ
Ǵȏǆƚ ǴơȣƠǁƤ ó
Ǵȏǆƚ ǴơȣƠǁƤ ó

ǽȇǲȁƤ Ǵȏǆƚ ǽǮơǺơǷȆơȣơƤ ƾơƫǆƠ
ơȇǺƼ ǼȀǀȁǳǇǮ ǁƥȇǆǁƪ

ǅƪƖƼ ơƫȨ ȅƫȇǳǻǶ ƽȆǀȁǶ ǡȇƥǷȇƤ
Ɠ
Ɠ
ǨȁƲơƪ ǹǢƼ șǻǯƫȆ ơǮ ơƪǁǆ Ǆ ȫȇƪ ǸƠƼ ơƫȨ ǡƫǻƪ ƽȆǀȁǶ ǹǢƼ ƢƠȁƲ ǰƠ ȁǆǁƤ
149

Bab 16 (149-155).indd 149 05-Sep-15 5:22:49 PM

ȅƫȇǳƪ ǸƠƼ ȝơƤ Ǽǁȇǆ

ȜǻǇǮ ǸƠƼ ǼȁǞƼǁƤ U ƽǷƷǶ ȅƥǺ ȅȤȇƪƠǁƫǆ

U ƽǷƷǶ ȅƥǺ ÏǸȀơǮ Ǵȏǆƚ ƠǀơȤǺ ǹǯǾȁǮȁȨǶ Ǵơƪǁȫ ȅȤȇƪƠǁƫǆ

ǀȁƪơǣǶ ǩƳȇƤ ƩǢơǆ Ǵȏǆƚ ǸƠȁȟƠ ƨȁǯȇȨǶ ƩǮǀơǋǶ ǨȁƫǻƥǷǶ
ǼȁǞƼǁƤ ȅȤȇƪƠǁƫǆ ǹǿƥǷȘȨ ȅƪǁȩǆ ƧȇǳȇǾơƲ ǹǳǷǞ ǹǯǆȁȨơǿǣǶ

ơƪǁǆ ǽǳȇƥǪ ǹǯǣȇƫǻǷǶ ǤȀƽȇǾ ǸƠƼ ȎơǾǁƤ

ǹǺȀǀȁƫǮ
ǴơȣƠ ȁǷǳǞ ǹǢƼ ǹȇǷǳǇǶ ǴȁǪ ǹǯȩǯǣǳǶ
ƄƠ ǹǯǯȆǁȇǋǻǶ Ǩƽȇƪ ǹǳǷǞ ǹǯǻǯǻǶ

Ɠ
Ǹ ƠǀƠƼȀơǆǁȨ ǹǯǾȁǮȁǣǶ ȅƥǺ ƽȩǮ ƧǞơǖ
Ɠ
ȅƪǁȩǆ ǹǢǀȎ ȅǾȀ ơƳǻǶ ǸƠƼ Ǵȏǆƚ
ơǻȆǂǁƤ ǸƠƼ ǼȁǺȁƥǷǶ

Ǵȏǆƚ ƩǶȀƠ ȅǶȁǺȁǯȆƠ ǹǮơǆơǮǁȬǷǶ
ƽȩǮ F i" ǸƠƼ ƦơǮǂ ƨȁǢȁǷȨ ǹǯǆȁƪȁǣǶ
!
Ɠ
Ǵȏǆƚ Ȅ ơǆƠȁǮƼ ǡȆ ÏȄǁȤǺ ǸƠƼ ÏǽǳȇƥǪ

ȂǨǼȇ¦ ǼȁǞƼǁƤ ƢƠȁƳȧȁȤȨƪ ǹǯǻǯǻǶ ƠȀƽǮ ȅȤȇƪƠǁƫǆ

ǽȇǲȀƠ ǁȆơƤƼ ǡȆ ȄơǮȁȟ ǽǲơȆƠ ! F i" ǽȇǲȀƠ ǰȁǯȇȨƼ Ǵȏǆƚ ǸǁǻƥǮ ǹǯȆơȩǶơȘǶ ǹǺƠǁȨ
!
ǡȆ Ǵȏǆƚ ǴơȣƠǁƤ ǹǮȁƤ ƩȇǞǀ ǸƠȁȩǶǁȨ ȀơƪƠ ȅǮȏǲ ƼƠ Ǵơǆ ǵǳǇǶ Ǥơȇƫǆ
Ɠ
Ǵȏǆƚ ƠǀơȤǺƼ ǱȤǣȇƪ ȀơƪƠ ǠȀ ơǺǁƤ Ǵȏǆƚ ǹȇȟȁǇǮ ǹǯǻǾơƪǁȩǷǶ ȁǾơƤ ǡȆƽǻȣǁƤ ǡȇǲơǆ
ǼȁǆȁǶ ǹǷȠǺƠ ƽȨǀƼ

5.3.1 ǡƫǻƪ ǹǣȠǻȇƤǁȨ ƨƠȁƥǷǶ ƽȆǀȁǶ ơƫǻȇǶ
5.3.3
ǹȨȀƽȇǿǮ ǵǲƠƼ ȁǷǳǞ ǹǣȇƫǻȩǮ 150
ȁǷǳǞ ƨȁƫǺȁǻǶ ȫȇƫǮ ǹǯǳǷǞƼ ȅƫǇǶ ǡȆ ƢƼƠ
Ɠ
ǹǾȀƼơȣǁȨ ȅǾȀ ơƳǻǶ ǸƠƼ ǵȇƶǁǲƠ Ƨǳǎ ǹǯǢȁƤȁǿǣǶ ǁȣƠ ƽȆǀȁǶ ȅƫƷȇǏǺ

Bab 16 (149-155).indd 151 05-Sep-15 5:23:58 PM

Ǽǁȇǆ ǀƠȁǲ ǹȧȁƤȁǾ ǹǯǻȇǲơƳǻǶ ȢȇƫǮ ȅȤȇƪƠǁƫǆ

ǀȁǻƤơȣ ǸƠƼ ǹǆȁƪȀƠ ǁƫǺơǿȨǶ
ƢǁǞ ÏǽǳȇƥǪ ƽȩǮ ǁƫǺơǾƼ ȅƥǺ ǹǆȁƪȀƠ ƠǀơȨ ƨƠȁƥǷǶ ǵǲƠƼ ȅƫȇǳƪ ƩǢơǆ ȅƥǺ

ơƪǁǆ ƠƽǻȇȤƤ ǹȆƼȁǷǮ ǹǣȠǺƠǁȨ

ȫȆǁǶ ȀǁȘǶ ơƪǁǆ ǼȁǞƼǁƤ ǹǯǇȣȁƪƼ ǸƠƼ ǼȁȤǢȁǆǁƤ ƩƤơƷǎ ƠǀơȨ
Ǵȏǆƚ ǨȁǳǷǶ ǁȣƠ
ȄǁȤǻǮ ǁƫǺơǾƼ ǨȁƫǺȀƠ ǩȇƫǺȎƼ ǀȁǻƤơȣ ƠǀơȨ șǻǮơǺơǇǫǳǶ ǼȁȤǢȁǆ

Ɠ
ǹǯǇȣȁƪƼ ǸƠƼ Ǵȏǆƚ Ȅ ơǆƠȁǮƼ ǡȆ ȄǁȤǺ
ǸǁƲƠ ǡƫǻƪ ǁƲơǣǶ ơƪǁǆ ǼȁǞƼǁƤ ǨȁƫǺȀƠ

Ǵȏǆƚ

ƢǁǞ ǽǳȇƥǪ ÏȅǆơȤȇǳȆƼ ǹȨƪƠƽǮ ơǷȆǁǻǶ
ǡȆ ȫȆǁǶ ǹǢȁƳǺȁǮ ơǷȆǁǻǶ ƠƽǻȇȤƤ

Ǵȏǆƚ ǨȁǳǷǶ ǨȁƫǺȀƠ ƨǁǇƶǁƤ

U ƄƠ ǰȁǆǀ ǼȁǞƼ ƽȫǀƼ ǹǇǮ
ǼȁȤƪ ǡȆ Ǵȏǆƚ ƩǮǀơǋǶ ǽǳǪȁƫǻƤǁƪ

ǸƠƼ ǸơǶƠ ȀƼơȨ ȁƪơǆǁƤ ǤȀƽȇǾ șǾƽȇǫǞ

ȄơǶƠƼ
ǸƠǁǮ ǼȁǮȁǮ ǹȇǮơǷǆ Ǵȏǆƚ ƠǀơȤǺ

ȡơǻƪ ǸơƤǁǪǁƤ ǤȁȤǣǆ ǵǳǇǶ Ǥơȇƫǆ
ǹȇȟȁǇǮ ǹǯǻǾơƪǁȩǷǶ ȅǶƼ ơƪǁǾ ǸƠƼ

ƠǀơȤǺ ǸƠƼ Ǵȏǆƚ
Ǥơȇƫǆ ǸƠǁǮ Ǵȏǆƚ ǨȁǳǷǶ ǡȆ ȄơǶƠǀ

ǼȀǀơǣȨ ǸƠƼ Ǵȏǆƚ ǹǮǁƥȇȘǶ ǹǺƠǁȨǁƤ ǠǀȀƠ
ƢǁǞ ǠȁƳǻǻǷǆƼ ǄƠȁǳǶ ǹȇǮơǷǆ Ǵȏǆƚ Ǵȏǆƚ ǸǁǻƥǮ ǹǯȆơȩǷȘǶ ơǿǆȀƠǁƤ ȄȏȇǺ

Ɠ
5.3.1 ȅƥǺ ǹǺơƤǀȁǣȨ șǻǯƫȆ ơǮ ǹȆƼȁǷǮ șǻǇǮ ơƪǁǆ ǼȁǞƼǁƤ ȅƥǺ ȅȤȇƪƠǁƫǆ ȅǷǿǷǶ ƽȆǀȁǶ ǡȇƥǷȇƤ
5.3.3 ǼȁǞƼ ǹǮǁƥȇȘǶ ȫȇƫǮ ƩƤơƷǎ ƠǀơȨ ǸƠƼ
151
ǀƠȁǲ ƠǀơȤǺ ƠǀơȤǻǮ Ǵȏǆƚ ǹǮǁƥȇȘǶ ǨȁƫǺȀƠ ǁƫǺơǾƼ ǡȆ ÏǹǆȁƪȀƠ ǹǯȆƠǀơǻȘǶ ƽȆǀȁǶ ơƫǻȇǶ
ǤȁƪȁǻǶ Ǩƽȇƪ ǸƠƼ Ʀȏǎ ǹǯǳȤǣȇǻǶ ȁǲȏǆ ǡȆ ǹǮƠǀ ƽȩǮ ǼȁǞƼǁƤ Ơǀơȟ Ǹǀơǆ ǡƥǶȁǆ
ƦǀȁǞ

Bab 16 (149-155).indd 150 05-Sep-15 5:23:17 PM

ȆǸȀǧ ǸƠƼ ȝơƤ Ǽǁȇǆ

ǼȁǞƼǁƤ ǸǁƤơȟ

ǼȁǞƼǁƤ ȫȇƫǮ ƩƤơƷǎ ƠǀơȨ ǸƠƼ U ƽǷƷǶ ȅƥǺ ǽȇǲȀƠ ȅȨƼơǾƼ ǡȆ ǸǁƤơȟ ǩȗơƤ

ǽǲơȆƠ ȚƠǀơƫǺƠ

Ǵȏǆƚ ǼȁǆȁǶ ƽȫǀƼ ƨơƳǻǆǁƤ ǹȨƫǻǻȫ ȅȫƼơǿȨǶ .1

Ɠ
Ǹ ơȆơƳǮ ƩǿȇǳǶ ȅƪơǾ ǄƠȁȨ Ǩƽȇƪ ǄƠǀ ǸƠƼ ǹǾǀơǷǮ ƧƥǪơǞ ȁǮȎǁƤ ǹǣƫǻǻȨ
ƩǯȘǶ ȁǾơǶ ǸƠƼ ǵȠǺƠǁƪ ǄƠǁƤ ȡȁƲ ȫȆǁǶ ǽǯǶ ơƪȁǮ ȪȁƥǷǶ Ǵȏǆƚ

ǠǁȨ ǸƠƼ
G ǠǁȨ ȅƪǁȩǆ ǹǢǁȩȨ ǤƠǁƥƤ ǽǳǆȁƫȟǁƪ ȫǶ Ǵȏǆƚ ǼȀǀơǣȨ
! )
! w 2(
)

< ȥǁȫ

ǸǂÊ ƠȁǾ ǽǳȇƥǪ ȏȇƤơȨƠ Ǆȁƫȟǁƪ ǹȆƠ ǹǢǁȩȨ ƦǁƳǾ ǹȨȏǮ ǸȁǾơƪ ƽȨ
G ȁǮȎǁƤ
È È

! )
ǴȁǪ ǹǣǳȇƤ ǵȠǺƠǁƪ ǄƠǁƤ ǸƠƼ Ǵȏǆƚ ǹǣǻǷǮ ǹǢƼ ȅƪơǾ ǄƠȁȨǁƤ Ǩƽȇƪ r
" s ȅǻƤ ǸƠƼ
ƠƽǻƤ ơƪǁǾ ǸƠƼ ȄǁƫǇȆƠ ǩǺƠ ƠȀơƥǷǶ ȎȁȨ ǼȁǆȁǶ Ơǁƫǻƪ ǠǀȀƠ 12 000 ȄơǶƠǁǆ ǹȇǷǳǇǶ

ǅȩǳǆ ǹȇǷǳǇǶ ǩǿȇȨ ƽȨ ǹǣǻǷǮ ǹǢƼ ǂȈƻ¦ǂƥ ǹȆƠ ǹǢǁȩȨ ȫȆǁǶ ǹǢƼ Ǵơǆ ơǶơǆǁƤ
Ɠ
Ȅ ƠȁƫǣǶ ǡȆ »Ȃǟ ǹƤ ǮǳơǶ ǽǳǪȁǆơǶǁƪ Ǵȏǆƚ ǨȁǳǷǶ ȫȆǁǶ ƽȨǀƼ ȄơǶƠǀ ǹȆƠ ǹǢǁȩȨ
ǹȆƠ ǹǢǁȩȨ

O I
ȥǁȫ

Ɠ
ǴȀǀ Ǹ ơƲƠǁǮ ȏȇƤơȨƠ Ǆȁƫȟǁƪ ǹȆƠ ǹǢǁȩȨ ǼǁƳǾ ǹǳȇƥǷǇǮ ǸȁǾơƪ ƽȨ ! w 2( ȁǮȎǁƤ
)
ǹȇǷǳǇǶ ǴȁǪ ǹǣǳȇƤ ǄƠȁǳǶ ǹȇǮơǷǆ ǡȆ Ǵȏǆƚ ǼȀǀơǣȨ ƩǯȘǶ ȁǾơǶ ǸƠƼ ǵȠǺƠǁƪ ǄƠǁƤ
ǹǢǁȩȨ ǠǀȀƠ 40 000 ȄơǶƠǁǆ ǽǲƠƼƠ ǼȁǆȁǶ ǹǣǳȇƤ ȎơǮơǺơǶ ǠǀȀƠ 30 000 ȄơǶƠǁǆ

ǹǯǫȩǷȠǻǶ ƄƠ ǽǳƫǆ ǸǀȁȩǷƪǁȨ ȚȁǮȎǁƤ ơȩǻƪ ǹȇǷǳǇǶ ǩǿȇȨƼ ǹǣǻǷǮ ǹǢƼ ǂȈƻ¦ǂƥ ǹȆƠ
ǼȁǆȁǶ ȅƪơǾƼ ƨȁǮơƪ ǸƠƼ ǸȀǁȣ ǄƠǀ

5.3.2 ǼȁǆȁǶ ǩǿȇȨ ǽȇǲȀƠ ǹǮȎȁǶƼ ȁǮȎǁƤ ƨȁƥǆǁƪ ǹǢǁȩȨ ơȠǺȁȨ ƽȆǀȁǶ ƽȩǮ ǹǯǇǳƲ
ȝơƤǁƪ ȏȇƤơȨƠ ǹǇǮǁƤ ǸƠƼ ǽǷǯƶǁƤ ǡȇǲơȨ ǡȆ ǼȁǞƼǁƤ Ơǀơȟ ǹǯȆǁƥǷǶ ƽȆǀȁǶ ơƫǻȇǶ 152

ǰơȇǆȁǆ ơȆƽȇǶƼ Ǵȏǆƚ ǴơȣƠ ơǻȇǿǣǶ Ǹ ơƪơȘǮ
Ɠ

Bab 16 (149-155).indd 153 05-Sep-15 5:24:31 PM

Ǽǁȇǆ ǪǧơǻǶ ǹȧȁǲȁȣ ȅȫƼơǿȨǶ .2

Ǵơǆ ơǶơǆǁƤ ǱȤǣȇƪ ǸƠƼ Ǵȏǆƚ ƠǀȁȨ ƠǀȁȨǁƤ ǡȆ ȫȆǁǶ ǽǲơȆƠ ǪǧƢǼǷ ǹǢȁǲȁȣ

ǹǯǿǷǳǶ ǨȁƫǺȀƠ ǹǲơƲ ȄǀơȠǻǶ ȁǲȏǆ ǹȆƠ ǹǢȁǲȁȣ ǹȇǷǳǇǶ ǴȁǪ ǹǢƼ

ǽǲơȆƠ ȚƠǀơƫǺƠ Ǵȏǆƚ ƩǶȀƠ ǹƪƠȁǫǮ
ȏȇƤơȨƠ ǩǲȁǻǶ ǸƠƼ ǹǇǲƠ ǹǯȆǁƥǷǶ Ǆơȇƫǻǆ

ǸƠƼ ǴơȣƠ ǹǯǻǾơƪǁȩǷǶ ȁǾơƤ ǡȆƽǻȣǁƤ ơƫǻȇǶƼ

ƠǀơȤǺ
ǨȁƫǺȀƠ ǴȀǀ ưƠǀ ǹǢƼ ǹǢȁƤȁǾ ǹǯǻȇǲơƳǻǶ

Ǵȏǆƚ ƩǶȀƠ ǹǯǿǷǳǶ Ǵơǆ ơǶơǆǁƤ
ȅǣȆ ơȘǶ ǸƠȁƲȁƪ ǹǢƼ " j ƽƳǇǶ ơǻȇƥǷǶ
Ɠ

ǹȇǷǳǇǶ ǴȁǪ ǹǯǿǳƥǿȠǷǶ ǸƠƼ 1 2) M ƽƳǇǶ

ȆƫƢȈƷ À¦® ȆǸȀǧ

Ǵȏǆƚ ǼȁǞƼ ǹȨƥǷǮǁȫ ƽȫǀƼ ǀơƥƫǞƠ

1
ƠȁǷǆ ƽȩǮ Ǵȏǆƚ ǸǁǻƥǮ ǹǮǁƥȇȘǶ ǼȁǞƼǁƤ ƢƠȁƳǢȁȤǣƪ ǹǮơǺơǇǫǳǶ ǽǳǪƽǻǾ ƩȇǮ

Ɠ
ǽǷǯƶǁƤ ǡȆ Ơǀơȟ ǸƠƼ ǹǣȠǺƠǁȨ ȁǷǳǞ ǹǢƼ Ȅ ơƪǁǆƼ ǽǳȇƫǇǶ ǹȆƠ ǼȁǞƼǁƤ ǅȣȁƪ
2
ơȇǇȇǳǶ ƩȇǞǀ ǸƠƼ Ǵȏǆƚ ƩǶȀƠ ǸƠȀƼơȩǇǮ ǸƠƼ ǸƠȁƪơǇǮ ƠǀơǿȇǳǷǶ ǽǳǪƽǻǾ ƩȇǮ
ȅǶȁǺȁǯȆƠ ǸƠƼ ǰơȇǆȁǆ ȫȇƫȇǲȁȨ ƨȀƼȁǆ ȄǀƼ ǱȇƤơƫǆ ǹǮƠ ƠǀơȤǺ șǻǢƼ ǸƠǁǮ

3
ǽǳȇƫǇǶ ƩȇǮ ƩȆƠ ǽȇǲȀƠ Ǵȏǆƚ ǠǀȀƠ ǹǿǷǳǮ ȄǀơȠǻǶ Ǆơȇƫǻǆ Ǵȏǆƚ ǼȁǆȁǶ

ǅȇǯǣǻǶ ƩȨƠƼ ƩȇǮ ȁǷǳǞ ǹǢƼ ǸƠǁǮ ǼȁȤǢȁǆ ǼȁȤǢȁǆǁƤ ǹǢƼ ȁǷǳǞ ƨȁƫǺȁǻǶ

Ǵȏǆƚ ǼȁǆȁǶ ƽȨǀƼ ÏǽȇǞƼ

ǹǆȁǶȀǀ
ƩƤơƷǎ ƠǀơȨ ơƪǁǆ ȅƥǺ ǹǺơƤǀȁǣȨ ǸƠƼ ƄƠ ǹǢȁǲȁƪǁȨ ǹǢƼ

ơȇǺƼ ǼȀǀȁǳǇǮ ǡƥǷǮǁƤ ǽǳƪ Ǵȏǆƚ ȅǻȇǮ

Ɠ
5.3.2 ǹǯȆǁƤƼ ǡȆ ǹȆ ȏǆ ǀơƥƫǞƠ ǹǯȆǁƥǷǶ ȫȆǁǶ ơƫǻȇǶ ǸƠƼ ǀơƥƫǞƠ ȅǷǿǷǶ ƽȆǀȁǶ ǡȇƥǷȇƤ
5.3.4
153

Bab 16 (149-155).indd 152 05-Sep-15 5:24:19 PM

ǦȈƫ¦ȘȂǼȇ¦ ǹǶȎ Ǽǁȇǆ

øƠƼȁǶ ȅǞƠƼù ȅƫȆȜȇƫǮƠ ǹǯǻǲơƲ

ǸƠƼ ǽǷǯƶǁƤ ǡȇǲơȨ ǡȆ ǼȁǞƼ ȅȤȇƪƠǁƫǆ ǡƫǻƪ ǹǲȁȩǶȁǮ ǵǲƠƼ ǹǣȠǻȇƤǁȨ ƨƠȁƤ

ȁǮȁƤ ǵǲƠƼ Ʃƪơȟ ǹȆƼȁǷǮ ǼȀơƤƼ ȅǆƠȁƫȇǆ ǹǢƼ ǹȨƼơǾǁƤ ȏȇƤơȨƠ ǹǇǮǁƤ
ǅȇǲȁƪ

ǽǳƟǇǶ ȅƫǇȨ ǱǻǮ

ǼȁǞƼ ȅȤȇƪƠǁƫǆ
ǹǇǮ

ȅȣȎ Ȁǁȇƪ

ǡǻǆ

5.3.1 ǹǇǮǁƤ ǸƠƼ ǽǷǯƶǁƤ ǡȇǲơȨ ǡȆ ǼȁǞƼ ȅȤȇƪƠǁƫǆ ǹǯȆǁƥǷǶ ƽȆǀȁǶ ǡȇƥǷȇƤ
5.3.2
5.3.3 ǹǯȆǁƤƼ ǡȆ ȅǆƠȁƫȇǆ ǹǮǁǆƠƼǁƤ ǼȁǞƼǁƤ ȅǆȎȁǷȇǆ ǹǮȁǮȏǶ ƽȆǀȁǶ ơƫǻȇǶ 154

Bab 16 (149-155).indd 155 05-Sep-15 5:25:54 PM

Ǽǁȇǆ ǦȈƬǯ¦ ƠƽǻȇǶ

ǼȁǞƼǁƤ ǵǲƠƼ U ƽǷƷǶ ȅƥǺ ȅȤȇƪƠǁƫǆ ǹǯȆƠǀơǻǆ ǹǮƠǀ ǹǢƼ Ǵơǆ ơǶơǆǁƤ 1

ƨȁƥǆǁƪ ȅȤȇƪƠǁƫǆ ƽȨǀƼ ǹǇǮ ǸƠƼ

ƨȁǯȆƠǁƤ ǡȆ ƠǀơǮǁȨ ǡƫǻƪ ȁǶơǮ ƩȨƠƽǻȨ ǹǯȆǁƤ
ǸǁƤơȟ ȅǇƪơǣǶ ƩȨƠƼ ƩƤơƷǎ ƠǀơȨ ǸƠƼ U ƽǷƷǶ ȅƥǺ ǽǮơǺơǷȆơȣơƤ 2

¯ǼȁǞƼǁƤ ǵǲƠƼ
ƢǁǞ ǽǺơƪƼ Ǵȏǆƚ ǹǣƥǷǮǁȨ °ȂƬǰǧ

șǻǯǳǷǟǣǶ ǸƠƼ ȁǷǳǞ ǹǢƼ ȄǁȆƼ ǹǯȩǯǣǳǶ ǽǳǪƽǻǾ ǵǳǇǶ Ǥơȇƫǆ 3

ǹǯȆƠǀơǻǆ ƩȇǮ ǹȨȀƽȇǿǮ ǵǲƠƼ ǡȇƫǻȨ ƩǢơǆ ȁǷǳǞ ǽǮơȨơǣǶ
ǡȆ ǵǳǇǶ ǠǀȀƗǆ ȄƼơƳǻǶ ǨȁƫǺȀƠ ǹǮȁǮȎ ȁǶơǮ ǹǮƠ ǡȆ ÏơǿǆȀƠ

ǱǷǞǁƤ ǸƠƼ ȁǷǳǞǁƤ

ǹǾƽǻȆƗǮ ǅǶȁǖ ƽȩǮ ǹǮơƫȆǁȟ ǹȆƼȁǷǮ ǼȀơƤƼ ǱȇǶ Ȅƚ ȝơƤ 4
ȚƠƽȩǮ ȁǶơǮ ǱȇǶ Ȅƚ ǵǲƠƼ Ǵȏǆƚ ǴơȣƠ ǹǲȁǶȁǋǮ ǸƠƼ

hakim @yahoo.com

Agama Islam

ǹȨƼơǾ ǹǲȁƤ ƽȨ ơȇǇȇǳǷǮ ǹǮƠ ǡȆ ȁǶơǮ ǹǮƠǀ ǅǶȁǖ Ȅơǆ ǵȇǯƶ ȁǳȇǾ
ǽǯǿȇǲȁƤ Ǵȏǆƚ ǴơȣƠ ƨȁǺơǣǶ ơȇǇȇǳǶ ǨȀƼȀƽǻȨ ǹǫȗơƥǮ ǡƫǻƪ ȝơƤǁƪ ƼƠ Ȅơǆ

ƩȆƠ Ǵȏǆƚ ǴơȣƠ ǡƫǻƪ Ȅơǆ ƽȩǮ ǹǮơƫȆǁȟ ȁǶơǮ

ǽȇǆơǮ ơǷȆǁƪ
ǅǶȁǖ

5.3.1 ǹǾȁȤǢȁǇǮ ǸƠƼ ǹǺơƤǀȁǣȨ ȅƪơȇƷǣǶ ƩȨƠƼ Ȣǣȇǿǆ ǅƪƖƼ ȅƫȆȜȇƫǮƠ ǹǮȁǮȏǶ ƽȆǀȁǶ ǡȇƥǷȇƤ
5.3.2
155 5.3.3 Ǵȏǆƚ ǹǮǁƥȇȘǶ ȫȇƫǮ ƩƤơƷǎ ƠǀơȨ ǸƠƼ ȅƥǺ
5.3.4 ǼȁǞƼǁƤ ƢƠȁƳǢȁȤǣƪ ǹǯǳǷǟǣǶ ǸƠƼ ȅǷǿǷǶ ƩȨƠƼ ơȆơȨȁǆ ƽȆǀȁǶ ǡȇƥǷȇƤ

Bab 16 (149-155).indd 154 05-Sep-15 5:25:19 PM

ǜƠƼȁǲƠ É ƧƳƶ ǸǁƲȏȫ Ǽǁȇǆ
!!
È
Ō È
È

ǹǮǂȈǰȈǧ ǸƠƼ ǹǯȇƪơǾǁȫ

5:3 ƦƽƞơǷǲƠ Ʀǀȁǆ
ǸƠƼ ȁǶơǮ ǴơȣƠ ȁǶơǮ ȅȣơƤ ǹǮơǺǀȁȩǷǆ ǽǳƪ ȁǮƠ ǹȆƠ ȄǀơǾ ƽȨ ȚƼȁǏǫǶ

ƩȆƠ Ǵȏǆƚ ƢººǓ° ǽǳƪ ȁǮƠ ǸƠƼ ȁǶơǮ ƽȩǮ ȁǮ ƩǷǟǺ ǹǯȨȁǮȁȟ ǽǳƪ ȁǮƠ

ȁǶơǮ ǨȁƫǺȀƠ ǴơȣƠ ȄƼơƳǻǶ

ȂǨǼȇ¦

ƦƽƞơǷǲƠ Ʀǀȁǆ ƽȨǀƼ ȢȇƫǮ ƧȆƠ
ȫȇƫǮ ƨǧǁǞƼ ǹǯǺȀǀȁƪƼ ǽǳƪ

x ! ) F'G ǹǯȆơǺȁǻǶ ȅƥǺ

=
ǨȁƲơƪ ǹǢƼ șǻǯƫȆ ơǮ ơƪǁǆ ǁƥǷȣ ǸƠƼ Ǆ ȫȇƪ ǡƫǻƪ Ǹǀơǆ ǡƥǶȁǆ
Ɠ
ȅǇǺ ơǶ ǹȇȩǷȇǷǶ ƩȨƠƼ ǡȆ ǰȁǷǊ ǡȆ ǴơȣƠ ǽǲơȆƠ Ǵȏǆƚ ƠȀơǿƤ ƽȆǀȁǶ ƽȩǮ ǹǯǇǳƲ 156
Ɠ
¨ǂȈƻ¦ ǸƠƼ ơȇǺƼƼ Ǹ ơȆơƳǮ ȄơȨơȠǻǶ
Ɠ

Bab 17 (156-162).indd 159 05-Sep-15 4:58:00 PM

Ǽǁȇǆ ȆǸȀǧ À¦® ÝƢƥ

-
ȦǮȏƤ ǁƪȎ

1
ǁƪȎ ǡƫǻƪ ǹǮơƫȆǁȟ ǽȆƠ
2
ƩȆƠ ȫȇƫǮ ƽȨ U ƽǷƷǶ ȅƥǺ ƧǺơƶǂǧ ǵȇǯƶ ) F'G ƠȁȇƫǇȆǁȨ ǡǮȏƤ
9
ǽǺǁȨ Ǩƽȇƪ ǸƠƼ ƧǻȆƽǶƼ ƼƠǁƤ ǸȁǾơƪ ǹǳȇƥǷǆ ǼƼȁǆ ȅǶơǮ ƽȩǮ x !

ƦƽǟǫǲƠȀƾ ǹǲȁƤ ƽȨ ǽǲơȤǣȇǿǆ Ʊƶ ǹǮơƲǁǣǶ 3
ǹǶȁǶȁǣȨ ƨƠȁƥǷǶ ȅƥǺ ƦǁƳǾ ǼȁǲȁȩǇǮ ǸȁǾơƪ ǹǣǳȇƤ șȆơǶƠǀ ƄƠ ƓơǊ ơǶ

ƨȁƥǆǁƪ ǸȁǾơƪ ƽȨ Ʊƶ ǹǮơƲǁǣǶ ǨȁƫǺȀƠ ȫȆǁǶ ǽǮȏȇƤ ȫȆǁǶ

ȁƥȆƠ ƧǯǷǮ ƩǯǢƠǁƤ
ƠȀơǿƤ ơƫȆǁƤ ǁǢƽǻǶ ǹȇǷǳǇǶ ǴȁǪ ȏȇƤơȨƠ
ȄơǶƠǀ Ʊƶ ǹǮơƲǁǣǶ ǨƽǻǾ ƠƽǻȇȤƤ

Ɠ
ȫȆǁǶ ǹǣǳȇƤ ƠƽǻȇȤƤ Ȅ ơƪǁȘǶ ȁǾơǶ ǡȆ
ǠǀȀƠ 90 000ǁƫȇǯǆ

4 5
ǹȇǷǳǇǶ ǴȁǪ ǸƠƼ U ƽǷƷǶ ȅƥǺ ǹǮơƲǁǣǶ ƩȨƠƼ șǪȁǺȀǁǆ

ƦƽǟǫǲƠȀƾ 25 ƽȨ ƧǯǷǮ ƩǯǢƠǁƤ ǹǢƼ Ǵơǆ ơǶơǆǁƤ Ʊƶ
ƦǁƳǾ ǼȁǲȁȩǇǮ ǸȁǾơƪ U ƽǷƷǶ ȅƥǺ

5.4.1 ƽȆǀȁǶ ƽȩǮ ǜƠƼȁǲƠ ƧƳƶ ƠȁȇƫǇȆǁȨ ǡǮȏƤ ǁƪȎ ȅȣȎ ǹǯǇǳƲ
157

Bab 17 (156-162).indd 158 05-Sep-15 4:57:32 PM

ȆǸȀǧ À¦® ȆƬȈǴƫ Ǽǁȇǆ

ƠȁȇƫǇȆǁȫ ȅȣȁǲȁǺȀǁǮ

2 1
ȂȁÉ ǖȀÉ ƾ

6 3 G
È

3
ƧǯǶ ǹǻǲơƲǁȨ ǹǯǆȀǁǻǶ ȅƥǺ ý ǸƠƼ ƠƽǻȇȤƤ ƧǻȆƽǶ ȄǀƼ
ý
ƠƽǻȇȤƤ ȅǻȇǆƼ Țơƥȇƫǆ ǸƠƼ ȁƲȁǻǶ ǹȇǷǳǇǶ ǴȁǪ
ƄƠ ƩȇƤƼ șȆơȩǷǇǆ ý ǵǲơǶǁƤ ǸƠƼ ȅƫǻǾǁƤ

ǹǮȁǮȏǶ ƠƽǻȇȤƤ F P
.;! $É ǀǯ
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ȅǟǆ ǸƠƼ »Ơȁǖ ȅǻȇǆƼ ǵǲơǶǁƤ ȫȆǁǶ
ý
ǴƠǁƶƠǁƤ ǹȆƼȁǷǮ

8
4
ƧƳƷǲƠȀƾ 8 ȃǻÊ Ƕ ƧǯǶ

ȅǻȇǆƼ ǵǲơǶǁƤ ƠƽǻȇȤƤ ý ǸƠƼ ƧǯǷǮ ȅǲơƥǷǮ ȅƥǺ ý
șȆǀơǾ ǹǪȁǇȆƗǮ ǸƠƼ »Ơȁǖ ǹǮȁǮȏǶ

ƨǧǁǟǮ ƠƽǻȇȤƤ ǩǲȁƪǁƤ ƠƽǻȇȤƤ ǹȆƼȁǷǮ ý
ǹǯȆơǇǳȘǶ ǽǳƫǆ ƧǻȆƽǷǮ

Ʊƶ ƦƼơƥǞ

5 6 7
ƧƳƷǲƠȀƾ 9 ƨǧǁǞ
È
ƧƳƷǲƠȀƾ 10
-
P/ ƧƳƷǲƠȀƾ 13-11 ȃǻÊ Ƕ

ǹǮȁǮȏǶ ƠƽǻȇȤƤ ý
ý
ǹȆƼȁǷǮ »ȁǪȀ ƦƼơƥǞ ȁƲȁǻǶ ƠƽǻȇȤƤ ƨǧǁǞ ȄǀƼ ƦƼơƥǞ ǹǮȁǮȏǶ ƠƽǻȇȤƤ ý
! )
ǂȈƻ¦ǂƫ ƨƦǘƻ ǹǯȆơȩǷȘǶ ǵǲơǶǁƤ ǸƠƼ F P" i ǸƠƼ ƦǁǷƲ ǁƫǺȁǳǶ
ǹȇǷǳǇǶ ǴȁǪ ǪȇȐƻ® ȅǻȇǆƼ ơƫǺȀƠ ǽȇǳƥǷȘǶ

Ɠ
5.4.2 ǹǢƼ șǻǯƫȆ ơǮ ǸƠƼ ǜƠƼȁǲƠ ƧƳƶ ƠȁȇƫǇȆǁȨ ȅȣȁǲȁǺȀǁǮ ȅǷǿǷǶ ƽȆǀȁǶ ǡȇƥǷȇƤ
ƦƼơƥǞ ǹǮȁǮȏǶ Ǵȏǆƚ ƩǶȀƠ ǸƠƼ ȅƥǺ ǹǾȁȤǢȁǇǮ 158
ȅƫƷȇǏǺ ơƪǁǆ ǹȨȀƽȇǿǮ ǵǲƠƼ ǹǯǳǷǞƼ ǨƽǻǾ ǡȆ Ƨǻǆ ǹǳǷǞ ǹǯȆƠǀơǻȘǶ ƽȆǀȁǶ ơƫǻȇǶ
șǻǯǳǷǟǣǶ ǼȁȤǢȁǆ ǼȁȤǢȁǆǁƤ ǁȣƠ ȫȆǁǶ

Bab 17 (156-162).indd 161 05-Sep-15 4:58:36 PM

Ǽǁȇǆ ȅƪơȇƶ ǸƠƼ ȅƫȇǳƪ

U ƽǷƷǶ ȅƥǺ ǂȈƻ¦ ƨƦǘƻ ǹǇǯȨȆǀ

ƠǀơǮǁȨ ǤƠǁƥƤ ǡƫǻƪ Ǵȏǆƚ ƩǶȀƠ ǹǯƫǣȇǣǶ ƽǷƷǶ ȅƥǺ

ȚƠǀơƫǺƠ

Ɠ
Ǵȏǆƚ ǴơǇǆ Ǹ ƠǀƠƼȀơǆǁȨ ǹǯƪǁǣǶ ƢƠȁƳǢȁȤǣƪ
ý
ǵǲƠƼ ȅǲơǯǆ Ǵơǆ ǹǯǆȁȨơǾƼ ǽǳǪƽǻǾ ƧȇǳȇǾơƲ ǹǳǷǞ
ý
ǹǶȁǪǁȨ ǹǯǣȇƫǻǷǶ ȅƪǁȩǆ Ǵȏǆƚ ƩǮǀơǋǶ

Ɠ
ǩƶ ǹǯȆơǺȁǻǶ ơƪǁǆ ǩȆ ơƤ ȁǮȎǁƤ ǸƠƼ ȧǯȇǆǁƤ
ý
ơƫȇǺƠȀ ǴȁǪ ƽȩǮ

ǹǣȤȨ Ȅơȣơƥǆ ƧǻǇǲƠ ǸƠƼ ǸƠƓǁǫǲƠ ǹǯȆƼơƳǻǶ
ý
ǤȀƽȇǾ

ǁȤǣǳǶ Ǩƽȇƪ ȅȣȏǆ ǹȇȩǷȇǷȨ ȅƫǞơǗǻǶ ƣƲƠȀ
ý
ǜǁǊ

ǹǯȆơǺȁǻǶ ơǆƠȁȨǁƤ ȁƫǪȀ ǵȇǲ µǂǧ Ʀȏǎ ǹǯȆǁȆƽǻǶ
ý
Ʊƶ ǸƠƼ ƦơǮǂ

Ɠ
ǴƠǁƶ ǽǲƠƼƠ ƓơƤǀ ǸƠǁǮ ƓơƤǀ ȅǾȀ ơƳǻǶ
ý

ƧǻǇǲƠ ǸƠƼ ǸƠƓǁǫǲƠ ǹǢƼ ǼȁȤƪ ǡȤȨǁƤ ȄȏȇǺ

5.4.3 U ƽǷƷǶ ȅƥǺ ǂȈƻ¦ǂƫ ƨƦǘƻ ǡȇƫǻȨ ȅǇȆƠ Ǹǀơǆ ǡƥǶȁǆ
ǤȀƽȇǾ ǸƠȀƽǻȨ Ȅơȣơƥǆ ƧǻǇǲƠ ǸƠƼ ǸƠƓǁǫǲƠ ǹǯȆƼơƳǻǶ Ơǀơȟ ǡƫǻƪ ǹǲȁȩǶȁǮ ǹǣƳǻȇƤǁȨ ƨƠȁƤ
159
șǻǯǣƫǻƤ ǹȆƼȁǷǮ ƩǮǀơǋǶ ǵǲƠƼ ǸƠƼ ǽǲȁǯǆ ǽǶȀǀƼ ƽȆǀȁǶ

Bab 17 (156-162).indd 160 05-Sep-15 4:58:17 PM

ǺǰǴǸǟ À¦® ȆƫƢȈƷ Ǽǁȇǆ

ƠȁȇƫǇȆǁȫ ƽȫǀƼ ǀơƥƫǞƠ

1
ǼȁȤȧȁǆ ǼȁȤȧȁǆǁƤ ǽǳǪƽǻǾ ƩȇǮ ǽȆƠ ơȆ 2 ƠȁȇƫǇȆǁȨ ƽȨǀƼ ǀơƥƫǞƠ ǩȗơƤ ƧǺơƶǂǧ

ǸơǷȆơȣơƥǆ ƦƼơƥǞ ȁƪƠȁǇǆ ǹǯȆơǺȁǻǶ ǹǮơƫȆǁȟ ǽȆƠ ǽǳƪ ǡȆ x ! ) F'G
9

ǴȁǪ ǸƠƼ U ƽǷƷǶ ȅƥǺ ǹǯǪȁƳǺȁƪƼ ǡȆ 3
ǹǻǲơƲǁȨ ǼȁȩǷǻǶ ǤȁȤǣǆ ȫȆǁǶ ǹȇǷǳǇǶ ƽǷƷǶ ȅƥǺ ƩǶȀƠ Ȅơȣơƥǆ ƩȇǮ
Ɠ
Ʊƶ ƦƼơƥǞ ǹǯȆơǺȁǻǶ ǨȁƫǺȀƠ ǼȀ ơƲ ǡȆ ǸơǷȆơȣơƥǆ ƠƽǻȇȤƤ ȅǿȇǆơȨǶ ǽǳǪƽǻǾ
ƨȁǢȀǁǶ ǸƠƼ ǹǇǲƠǁƤ ǹǮƠ Ǩƽȇƪ Ȅơǆ ƣƲƠȀ ƩȇǮ ƩȇǮ ȅǿȇǆơǣǶ ȅƥǺ
ƦƼơƥǞ ȁƪƠȁǇǆ ǹǮȁǮȏǶ ȏȇƤơȨƠ ȅȣȎ ǽǲơȆƠ U ƽǷƷǶ ȅƥǺ ƠȀơǿƤ ǸơǷȆƠǁƤ
ǸƠƼ ƄƠ ǹǯǆȁƪȀƖƼ ǂȈƻƠǁƪ ǡȆ ȅƥǺ
ǸƠƼ ǸƓƠǁǫǲƠ ǹǯȆƼơƳǻǶ ǽǳȇƫǇǶ ƩȇǮ 4 ȅǇȇǆƼ ǁǻƤ ǡȆ ǴơȣƠ ǽǲơȆƠ Ǵȏǆƚ ǴơȣƠ

ƩȇǮ ȩȀƽȇǾ ǸƠȀƽǻȫ Ȅơȣơƥǆ ƧǻǇǲƠ ƄƠ
ơƪǁǆ ǰȁǆǀ ǸƠƼ ƄƠ ǽƫǻȆǁȨ ȅƫǞơǗǻǶ 5

Ɠ
ǩȆ ơƤ ƨƠȁƤǁƤ ǽȆƠ Ț ǹǢǀȎ ǹǯǳȤǣȇǻǶ Ǵȏǆƚ ƩǶȀƠ ƧǺơƶǂǧ ȁƪ ǰȁƫƤ
Ɠ
ȅǾȀ ơƳǻǶ ǸƠƼ ǠǀȀƠ ƠȁǷǆ ǹǢƼ ȀƼơȫ ȁƪơǆǁƤ ȩȀƽȇǾ ȅƫǇǶ
Ǵȏǆƚ ǵǲƠƼ ƨȁƫǺȁƪƼ ƩǶƠ ǹǾȀƼơȣǁȨ ƠǀƠƼȀơǆǁƤ ǵǳǇǶ Ǥơȇƫǆ ǸƠǁǮ

ǹǆȁǶȀǀ

Ơǀơȟ ƩȇǮ ǁƲơǣǶ ƽǷƷǶ ȅƥǺ x ! ) F'G ƠȁȇƫǇȆǁȨ ǵǲƠƼ
ƪǨȈǏ ǹǯǳǷǟǣǶ ȄȏȇǺ 9
ƨȀǀȁǻǶ ȆƬȈǴȈƦȈǈǰȈǴǧ ƩǶȀƠ ƨƠȁƤ ǹǻǇȨ ǹǯǳȤǣȇǻǶ ǸƠƼ Ʊƶ ƦƼơƥǞ ǹǮơǺơǇǫǳǶ
Ɠ
Ǵȏǆƚ ǹǇƪơƤ ¨ǂȈƻƖƼ ǸƠƼ ơȇǺƼƼ Ǹ ơȆơƳǮ ǽȇǲȀƠǁȩǷǶ ƩȇǮ ơȆơȨȁǆ Ǵȏǆƚ

Ɠ
5.4.4 ǹȆ Ȏ ǡȆ ǜƠƼȁǲƠ ƧƳƶ ƠȁȇƫǇȆǁȨ ǀơƥƫǞƠ ǹǯȆǁƥǷǶ ƽȆǀȁǶ ơƫǻȇǶ
ƄƠ ƽȩǮ ƦƼơƥǞ ǹǮȁǮȏǶ ƧǶơǫƫǆƠ ǁȣƠ ƽȆǀȁǶ ȅƫƷȇǏǺ 160
U ƽǷƷǶ ȅƥǺ ȅǿȇǆơǣǶ ƼȁǏǫǶ ƽȆǀȁǶ ƽȩǮ ǹǯǢǁƪ

Bab 17 (156-162).indd 163 05-Sep-15 4:59:31 PM

Ǽǁȇǆ ǦȈƫ¦ÂȂǼȇ¦ ǹǶȎ

ǹȆƼȁǷǮ ƨȁǯȆƠǁƤ ƩǶȁǳǟǶ ǹǯȩǯǣǲ ǹǲȁȩǶȁǮǁƤ ƠǀơȠǆ 1

Ɠ
ǅǳǮ Ǹ ơƪơȘǮ ǹȨơȨƼ șǻǮǁȇǶơȨ

ƄƠ ǽƫǻȆǁȫ ȅƫǞơǗǻǶ U ƽǷƷǶ ȅƥǺ ȜƫǶȀƠ ȅǿȇǆơȨǶ Ʃȧơǆ U ƽǷƷǶ ȅƥǺ

ǸƠƓǁǫǲƠ ǹǢƼ ǼȁȤƪ ǡȤȨǁƤ ý ƩȇǮ ƨƠȁƤ ǹǻǇȨ ǹǯǳȤǣȇǻǶ ý

ý ý

ǰȁǆǀ ǸƠƼ ƄƠ ȅƫǞơǗǻǶ ƩȇǮ ǹǪƽǻȇƪ ȅƥǺ ȅǿȇǆơȨǶ Ʃȧơǆ ȦȆ ƩȇǮ ǹǪƽǻȇƪ
ý ý

ý ý

ƦƼơƥǞ ǹǮȁǮȏǶ ƧǶơǫƫǆƠ U ƽǷƷǶ ȅƥǺ
ǱȇǳǲƠ ǴơȇǪ ǹǮȁǮȏǶ ƧǶơǫƫǆƠ ý

ý

ǹǮȁǮȏǶ ǵǲƠƼ ƧǶơǫƫǆƠ ƩȇǮ ǹǪƽǻȇƪ

ƦƼơƥǞ
ý

ý

ǅȇǲȁƪ ǦȈƫơȆǁǮ ǹǢƼ øȁǯȇƪơǾƼ ƄƠ ǰȁǆǀù ȁǮȁƤ ƠƽǻǻȨ ǹǯǳȇǎơƶ 2

ǹȆƼȁǷǮ Ǵȏǆƚ ƩǶȀƠ ƽȩǮ ǂȈƻ¦ǂƫ ƨƦǘƻ ǵǲƠƼ ƽǷƷǶ ȅƥǺ ǹǻǇȨ

ȁǶơǮ ǹǮƠǀ ƽȩǮ șǻǯǿȆƽǾ

5.4.3 ǅƪƖƼ ȅƫȆȜȇƫǮƠ ǹǮȁǮȏǶ ƽȆǀȁǶ ǡȇƥǷȇƤ
5.4.4
161 Ǥơȇƫǆ ǵǲƠƼ ǸƼȏƪ ǼȁƫǺȁȟ Ȅơȣơƥǆ U ƽǷƷǶ ȅƥǺ ǹǯȆƼơƳǻǶ ǁȣƠ ƽȆǀȁǶ ȅƫƷȇǏǺ
ƠǀơǮǁȨ

Bab 17 (156-162).indd 162 05-Sep-15 4:59:03 PM

ǦȈƬǯ¦ ƠƽǻȇǶ Ǽǁȇǆ

ƨȁǯȆƠǁƤ ǡȆ ƩȩǷƪ ǹǮǁǆƠƼǁƤ x ! ) F'G ǹǻǲơƲǁȨ ȎȁǷǆ ǹǮơƫȆǁȟ 1
9

ǅȇǲȁƪ ȁǮȁƤ ǵǲƠƼ șǻǯƫƪơȟ ǹȆƼȁǷǮ

FY< Z ) b$) * F P
.;! $) *
! )

(F'; $* 10) F P" i< (F'; $* 9) FH / (F'; $* 8)- " <

!)

F 8< FY< (F'; $* 11{13) - " <

ƩȇǮ ǡȆơǆ ǽȇǆơǮ ǹǯȇƫǪȁƥǷǶ ÏƠǀơȟ ǡƫǻƪ ǹǲȁȩǶȁǮ ǵǲƠƼ ǹǣȠǻȇƤǁȨ ƨƠȁƤ 2
ǹȨȀƽȇǿǮ ǵǲƠƼ șǻǯǳǷǞ ǹȆƼȁǷǮ U ƽǷƷǶ ȅƥǺ ǸƠƼ ƄƠ ƽȩǮ

ǼȀơƤƼ ǨȁǮȁȨ ơƫȨ ǹǯȩǯǣǲ 3

ǵȇƶǁǲƠ Ƨǳǎ ǹǯȧȁƤȁǿȨǶ ÏƠǀơȟ

ǹǮƠǀ ǴơǇǆ ȢȨƫƪ ǸǁȇƲ ȡǀƠȁǳǮ

5.4.1 ǅƪƖƼ ȅƫȆȜȇƫǮƠ ǹǮȁǮȏǶ ƽȆǀȁǶ ǡȇƥǷȇƤ
5.4.2
5.4.3 162
5.4.4

Bab 17 (156-162).indd 165 05-Sep-15 4:59:54 PM

Ǽǁȇǆ U ƽǷƷǶ ȅƥǺ ǹƪƢǧȁǮ ǸǁƲȏȫ

ȝơƤ ǸƠƼ ǹǯȇƪơǾǁȫ

ǹǷȇǮ ƩǯǢƠǁƤ ǨƽǻǾ ȀơȇǳƤ ȫȇƫǮ ǱƥƲ ǹƤ ƾơǟǶ ƽȩǮ ƠƽƥǆǁƤ ƽǷƷǶ ȅƥǺ
ǹȆƠ ǸȁǾơƪ ǅȩǳǆ ȁǮƠ ǹǢƼ ȅȣȎ ȁǷƪǁƤ ƩȨƠƼ ǹǮƠ Ǩƽȇƪ ȁǶơǮ ǹǻȇǯǢȁǷǮ ƾơǟǶ ȄơǾƠȀ
Ɠ
ȁǯǺǀȁƥǪǁȨ ȀơƪƠ ȁǮƽƳǇǶ Ȅ ȁǲȏǶ ǹǮƠ ȁǶơǮ ȡȁǷǆ
ƽǷƶƖ ƧȆƠȀǀ

U ƽǷƷǶ ȅƥǺ ǴơǫǶ șǫƫǲ ǸơǶƼ ȁǶơǮ ǽǮȁǾơƪ

Ɠ
Ɠ
ǨȁƲơƪ ǹǢƼ șǻǯƫȆ ơǮ ơƪǁǆ ǁƥǷȣ ǸƠƼ Ǆ ȫȇƪ ǡƫǻƪ ƽȆǀȁǶ ǹǢƼ ƢƠȁƲ ǰƠ ȁǆǁƤ
163

Bab 18 (163-170).indd 163 05-Sep-15 2:27:35 PM

ȆǸȀǧ ǸƠƼ ȝơƤ Ǽǁȇǆ

U ƽǷƷǶ ȅƥǺ ǹƪƢǧȂǯ ǂȈƻƠǁƪ ǩȇƪƼ

1
U ƽǷƷǶ ȅƥǺ ƦǁƳǾ ǅǳƥǇǮ ǸȁǾơƪ ǂǨǏ ǹǲȁƤ ƽȨ
ƽȩǮ ǹȇȩǷȇǷȨ ȄƼơƳǻǶ ƽȆǂ ǹƤ ƧǶơǆƖ ǩȇƫǺȏǶ ǽǳƪ

Ǵȏǆƚ ǴơȣƠ ǹȇȟȁǇǮ ǹǯǻǾơƪǁȩǷǶ ȅȣơƤ Ơǁƫǻƪ ǹƫǯǢƠ
I '! Ƽ ȚƠǁƫǻƪ ǹƫǯǢƠ ǸƠƼ ƧǶơǆƖ Țơƥȇƫǆ ǹȇǗǇǳȨƼ
!
ơȩǷȇƪƼ ǡȆ U ƽǷƷǶ ȅƥǺ ǡƫǻƪ ơƫȆǁƤ ƩȨƠƽǻǶ ȫȆǁǶ
ǹǲȁƤ ǠȁƲȁǿǣȨ ƽȨ ƩȇǮơǆ ơȩǷȇƪƼ ƠƽǻȇȤƤ ƩȇǮơǆ

ȄǀƼ ǡǲȁȨ ƠƽǻȇȤƤ ǽǳƫǆ ƦǁƳǾ ǅǳƥǇǮ ǸȁǾơƪ ǂǨǏ
ƩȇǮơǆ ơȩǷȇƪƼ ƠƽǻȇȤƤ o
" ǸǀȁƥǪǁȨ ǽǺơƪ ȅǾǀơȆǃǻǶ
!
ǨȀǁƪ ǡȆ ǵǶƼ ǸƠƼ ȎơȩǮ

2
ȏȇƤơȨƠ ȄǀơǾ ǤƠǁƥƤ ơǶȏǆ ǹǆȀǁƪǁƤ ƠƽǻȇȤƤ ƩȇǮơǆ
Ɠ
ƠǀơȨ ƽȨǀƼ ǹȆƿȆƠ ơƫǻȇǷǶ ƠƽǻȇȤƤ Ʃǻƪ ǹȇǮơǷǆ Ǹ ƠƼƗǮ
ȁƤƠ ƩǻƤ ƧǋƞơǞ ǽǶȀǀƼ ƼƠǁƤ ǨȁƫǺȀƠ ƠƽǻȇȤƤ ȄǁƫǇȆƠ
p ! ` P! ǸƠƼ ƣǲơǖ ȁƤƖ ǹƤ ȅǳǞ ǽȇǲȀƠ ǽȨơȨƼ ƠƽǻȇȤƤ ǁǯƤ
)
ƧǋƞơǞ ǽǶȀǁǮ ȁƲȁǻǶ ǹǲơƲǁƤ ȫȇƫǮ 2/

9
3
Ɠ
ǰȁǆǀ Ǹ ƠƼƗǮ ƩǿȇǳǶ ǽȆƽǆ ƩǢơǆ ƩƤơƷǎ ƠǀơȨ
ǩȆȐƻƼ ȧȟȀƠǁƤ ǱȇȩǷƪ ƠƽǻȇȤƤ ƩȇǮơǆ ǡȆ ƄƠ
Ǩƽȇƪ ƦƢǧȀ ǹǮƠ ƠƽǻȇȤƤ ƠȀơǿƤ ǹǯǣȆơƥǷǶ ǸƠƼ ȄơǶƠǀ

ƽȨǀƼ ƩƤơƷǎ ƠǀơȨ ơƫǻȇǷǶ ȡȁƲ ƠƽǻȇȤƤ ȅȣȎ ơǶȎ
Ɠ
ÏǠǀȀƠ ǹǢƼ ǩȆ ơƤ ƨƠȁƤǁƤ ǁȣƠ ǹȆǁƲơǿǶ ǹǢȁǲȁȣ
ǀơǏǺƠ

Ɠ
5.5.1 ƩȇǮơǆ Ǹ ƠƼƗǮ ǵǲƠƼ ǸȁȨȀȎƠȀ ƄƠ ǰȁǆǀ ǨȐƻƠ ǹȇȤǣȇƫǮ ƽȆǀȁǶ ƽȩǮ ǹǯǇǳƲ
5.5.2
Ʀȏǎ ǸƠƼ ǹȨȀƽȇǿǮ ǵǲƠƼ ȅƲȁȨǁƪ ǨȐƻƠ ǹǯǳǷǟǣǶ ǹǣȇƫǻȩǮ ǡƫǻƪ ƽȆǀȁǶ ǹǯƫǣȆƠ 164
ƄƠ ǰȁǆǀ ǽȇǲȀƠ ǹǯǪȁƳǺȁƪƼ ǡȆ ǸơǷȆơȣơƥǆ ǽǞơǷƲǁƤ

Bab 18 (163-170).indd 165 05-Sep-15 2:28:05 PM

Ǽǁȇǆ

4
ǹǯȆơǺȁǻǶ ȧƫƪ ƠƽǻȇȤƤ ƩȇǮơǆ ƠƽǻȇȤƤ ǸȁȨȀȎƠȀ
Ɠ
ǹȇǮơǷǆ ȅƥǺ Ǹ ƠƼƗǮ ȏȇƤơȨƠ ƽƳǇǶƼ ǽǞơǷƲǁƤ Ʀȏǎ
ǴơǶƠ ȄƼơƳǻǶ ǩȆƽǏǲƠ ǁǯƤ ȁƤƠ ơƫǻȇǷǶ ƠƽǻȇȤƤ ǽǷǲ
ƠƽǻȇȤƤ ǹǯȇƫǻȤǣǶ Ʀȏǎ

5
ǰȀȊƠ ǝȇƤǀ
Ƶƥǎ Ʀȏǎ ǹǯȆơǺȁǻǶ Ǡƽǆ ƩƤơƷǎ ƠǀơȨ ȫȇƫǮ
ǸƠƼ ƧǋƞơǞ ǽǶȀǀ ȁƫǻȇȨ ȄƠǁȇƪ ǩǳȇȘǶ ƠƽǻȇȤƤ ǽǞơǷƲǁƤ

ȅƥǺ ǹƪƠȁƤǁȨ ǴȁȘǆǁƪ ǱȇƥǷǆ ȫȆǁǶ ǼǀƗǮ ƩǿȇǳǶ

ǸƠǁǮ ƠǁȇƥǷȣ ȫȆǁǶ ǸƠƼ ȄơǶƠǀ ǠǀȀƠ ǽȇǲȀƠ ȄǀƽǆƼ
ǴơǶƠ ȄƼơƳǻǶ ǹǮƠ ǸƠƼ ƩƷȇǎ ǼƼȁǆ ƠƽǻȇȤƤ ȫǣȘǶ
Ɠ
ǱȇȤǣǷǶ ƠƽǻȇȤƤ Ʃǻƪ ǹȇǮơǷǆ ƠƽǻȇȤƤ Ǹ ƠƼƗǮ
ǨȁƫǺȀƠ ƠƽǻȇȤƤ ȄǁƫǇȆƠ ƠǀơȨ ǸƠƼ Ïȁȟȁȟ ƧǷǖƢǧ șǫǺƠ

ȅǲơǮ ǡǲȀƠǁƤ ǹǻǇȨ ǹǯǳȤǣȇǻǶ ƠƽǻȇȤƤ ǹǻǇȨ ǹǯȆǁƥǷǶ
Ʀȏǎ ƠǀơǿȇǳǷǶ ǁȣƠ șƫǶȀƠ ƽȩǮ
ǡƪƠƼ ǹǷƶǁǲƠƽƥǞ ȅƥǺ ǹƪƢǧȁǮ ƩǞơǆ ǁȇȩǷǾ ȫȇƫǮ

ǹǯȆǁƥǷǶ ƠƽǻȇȤƤ ! w "
ȁȆơǮ ƠȀơƥǷǶ ǹǢƼ ƠƽǻȇȤƤ ȁǷƪǁƤ

ƽȨ ȪƠȁǆǁƤ ǨƽǻǾ ƠƽǻȇȤƤ ƠȀơǿƤ ƧǋƞơǞ ƽȩǮ ƦǀơǊƠ
ǄȀǀȁƳǆ ƧǋƞơǞ ǸƠȁǯǣȨƼ ƼƠǁƤ ƠƽǻȇȤƤ ƩȆƠ ȫȇƫǮ

ǸȁǾơƪ ơȇǆȀƠǁƤ ȫȇƫǮ ƠƽǻȇȤƤ ǽǳƪƢǧȀ ǹȆƼȁǷǮ

Ɠ
U ƽǷƷǶ ȅƥǺ ƽȩǮ Ǹ ơƫǻȇȠǮ ǄƠǀ ǨȁȨȁǷǶ ȄȏȇǺ

Ɠ
5.5.1 U ȅƥǺ ǹƪƢǧȁǮ ȄǀơǾ ƽȨ ƠȁȇƫǇȆǁȨ ǡƫǻƪ ƽȆǀȁǶ ǹǢƼ ƢƠȁƲ ǰƠ ȁǆǁƤ

5.5.2
165 ƽȨǀƼ ȅƥǺ ǹƪƢǧȁǮ ƠȁȇƫǇȆǁȨ ǡǻƫƪ ǹǿƥǷƪ ƩǶȁǳǟǶ ȄǀơȠǻǶ ƽȆǀȁǶ ơƫǻȇǶ

ƵȇƷǎ ǡȆ ǁƥǶȁǆ

Bab 18 (163-170).indd 164 05-Sep-15 2:27:48 PM

ȅƫȇǳƪ ǸƠƼ ȆǸȀǧ Ǽǁȇǆ

U ƽǷƷǶ ȅƥǺ ǹƪƢǧȁǮ ơƫȆǁƤ ȩƼơǾǁƪ ƩƤơƷǎ Ơǀơȫ ȅǇǮơȆǀ

ƠǀơȨ ǁƥȇǆǁƪ ȅƥǺ ǹƪƢǧȁǮ ơƫȆǁƤ ȏȇƤơȨƠ ȁǳȇȨ ǄƠǀ ȅǢȁƤȁǳǆƼ ƧǻȆƽǶƼ ǸơǆƠȁǆ

ƠƽǻȇȤƤ ǹƪƢǧȁǮ ơƫȆǁƤ ơǷȆǁǻǶ ơƫȇȟơǮȀƼǁƤ ǸƠƼ ǽȆƽǆ ƩǢơǆ ƩƤơƷǎ

ǨȁǆơǶ ǸƠƼ ƧǋƞơǞ ǽǶȀǁǮ ǅȤȣǁƤ ǁǯƤ ȁƤƠ ƨȁƥǆǁƪ ơƫȆǁƤ ǁǢƽǻǶ ȏȇƤơȨƠ
ǼǂơǻƲ ȄǁȆƽǻǆ ƩǿȇǳǶ ȀơȇǳƤ ȄơǶƠǀ ǠǀȀƠ ƽȩǮ ǸȁȨ ǽƪơȩǆ ƨơǮǁƤ ơȩǻƪ șǷǲƠƽǮ

șȇǿȇǆơǮƼ ǡȆ U ƽǷƷǶ ȅƥǺ ǹȇȣǁǷȨ ǅƪƠ ǹǿȆƽǇǮ ǅȇǢơǻǶ ȁǲȎ ƠƽǻȇȤƤ

Ɠ
ǹǯƷǏǣǶ ǸƠƼ ƩƤơƷǎ ƠǀơȨ Ȅ ȁǷǻǶ ǀƠȁǳǮ ȁǲȎ ƠƽǻȇȤƤ ǽƲƠȀ ǴȁȇȠǻǶ ȀơȇǳƤ
ƩƳǺǁȨǁƪ ȁƫȇȤƤ ǹƫǿȇǳǮ ǡȆ ǁǷǞ ǹǯǣǻǻǶ ǁǯƤ ȁƤƠ U ƽǷƷǶ ȅƥǺ ǹƪƢǧȁǮ ơƫȆǁƤ

Ɠ
U ƽǷƷǶ ȅƥǺ ǹƪƢǧȁǮ ơƫȆǁƤ Ȅ ơȆơȟǁȩǷǶ ǁǮȁǆ ǸƠƼ
ǹȇǷǳǇǶ ǴȁǪ ƽȩǮ ȧȟȀƠǁƤ ǁǯƤ ȁƤƠ ǹȆƼȁǷǮ

ơȨơȇǇǢǀơƤ ǸƠƼ ƦƢǧȀ ǽǳƪ ƽǷƷǶ șǾȁȤǢȁǇǆ ƽǷƷǶ ǽƥǷȘǶ ǡȆ ơȨơȇǇǢǀơƤ

Ʀǀȁǆ ǹǮơȟơƥǷǶ ȀơȇǳƤ ǹȆƼȁǷǮ ǤȀƽȇǾ ơǿǶ ƄƠ șǾȁȤǢȁǇǆ ƄƠ ǽƥǷȘǶ
Ȫ ƧȆƠ ǸƠǁǷǞ ǰƔ

ƠƽǻȇȤƤ ǼǂơǻƲ U ƽǷƷǶ ȅƥǺ ǼǂơǻƲ ǹǯǆȀǀȁǣǶ ƩƤơƷǎ ǠǀȀƠ ǤƠǁƥƤ

ǴȁǪ ǽȇǲȀƠ ƩǯǣȆǁȨǁƤ ƠǀơȠǆ ǹǯǣȇǿƥǷǆƼ șǆȀǁƫǆ ǺǰǼǧơǮƼ ǸƠƼ ǹǯȆƽǻǶƼ
Ɠ
ƧǋƞơǞ ǽǶȀǀƼ ƩȆ ơȆ ƦƢǧȀ ƠƽǻȇȤƤ ƩȩǷƪƼ ǹǯǶơǫǶƼ ƠƽǻȇȤƤ ȚǂȈƻƠ ǹȇǷǳǇǶ

5.5.3 ƽȆǀȁǶ ƽȩǮ ǸƠǁǷǞ ǰƠ Ʀǀȁǆ ƧȆƠ ȅƪơȨ ȅƫǻȆƠ ǹǯǇǳƲ
ȫȆǁǶ ǹǪƽǻȇƪ ǹǯǣƫǻƤ ǹȆƼȁǷǮ ǹǲȁȩǶȁǮ ǵǲƠƼ ǹǣȠǻȇƤǁȨ ƨƠȁƥǷǶ ƽȆǀȁǶ ơƫǻȇǶ
ȫȆǁǶ ƩƤơƷǎ ȏȇƤơȨƠ 166
ȅǣȆơǆƼ ǡȆ ǠǀȀƠ ǹȇƪơǷǮ
ơƫȆǁȟǁƤ ǹǣȆƽǻƪǁȨ ǵǲƠƼ Ǹ ơȆơƳǮ ǽȇǲȀƠǁȩǷǶ
Ɠ

Bab 18 (163-170).indd 167 05-Sep-15 2:28:41 PM

Ǽǁȇǆ ȅƫȇǳƪ ǸƠƼ ȝơƤ

U ƽǷů ŒǺ ǹƪƢǧȁǮ ƠȁȇƫǇȆǁȫ ƽȫǀƼ ǹǇǮ

ƽȨǀƼ ǹǇǮ ǽǮơȨƠ ǼƾơƫǆƠ 1 2
UƽǷƷǶ ȅƥǺ ǹƪƢǧȁǮ ƠȁȇƫǇȆǁȨ ǹǯȆǁƥǷǶ U ƽǷƷǶ ȅƥǺ ǹƪƢǧȁǮ ƠȁȇƫǇȆǁȨ
ƩǶȀƠ ǸƠƼ ƩƤơƷǎ ƠǀơȨ ƽȩǮ ǹǇǮ

ơƫȇȟơǮȀƼǁƤ ȫȆǁǶ ǽǲơȆƠ ȚƠǀơƫǺƠ Ǵȏǆƚ
3 ȫȆǁǶ ǹǺơǷȆƗǮ ȅȨơƫƪ ƠƽǻȇȤƤ ǹƪƢǧȁǮ ǅƪƠ
ǄȀǁƪ ȡȁƲ Ǵȏǆƚ ƩǶȀƠ

ǸƠƼ ǸƠƓǁǫǲƠ ƽȨ ǼȁȤƪ ǡȤȨǁƤ ȅƥǺ ǸƠƼ ǱǯǮ ơǿǶ ǡȆ ƄƠ ǤƼơǾǁƪ
ƧǻǇǲƠ ǹȇǮơǷǆ ƄƠ ǼȀǀȁǇȨ Ȅơȣơƥǆ ƽǷƷǶ
ǼȁǮȁǮ

4
ȅƪơǾ ȁƪơǆǁƤ ȫȆǁǶ
ǹǯǾȁǮȁǣǶ ǹȇǮơǷǆ ǸƠƼ

ǨȁƫǺȀƠ ǼȁǞƼ ȅȤȇƪƠǁƫǆ
Ǵȏǆƚ ǴơȣƠ ǹǮǁƥȇȘǶ

5
ȅƥǺ ǹƪƢǧȁǮ ǅȩǳǆ
ǹǯǆȀǁƪƼ ȂǀȁǊ ǵȇƫǇȇǆ

ǁǯƤ ȁƤƠ ǸƠƼ ǹǿƫǻȆǁǷȨ ǵǲƠƼ

6 Ȅơȣơƥǆ ǩȇƫǺȎƼ ǩȆƽǏǲƠ
ǼƾơƫǆƠ ǽȇǆơǮ ơǷȆǁƪ ǼƽǞơǪ Ȅ ȁǲȏǶ ƨǨȈǴƻ
Ɠ
ǶȀǧ ǼƼȁǆ ȅǶơǮ ȂǀȁǊ

5.5.4 ƨȁƳǻǲ ǽȇƥǲ ǹǢƼ U ƽǷƷǶ ȅƥǺ ǹƪƢǧȁǮ ƠȁȇƫǇȆǁȨ ƽȨǀƼ ǹǇǮ ƽȆǀȁǶ ƽȩǮ ǹǯǇǳƲ
Ɠ
ǹȆ Ȏ ǡȆ ǹǇǮ ǹǯȆǁƥǷǶ ƽȆǀȁǶ ơƫǻȇǶ ǸƠƼ
167

Bab 18 (163-170).indd 166 05-Sep-15 2:28:23 PM

ǹǯǳǷǞ ǸƠƼ ȅƪơȇƶ Ǽǁȇǆ

U ƽǷƷǶ ȅƥǺ ǹƪƢǧȁǮ ƠȁȇƫǇȆǁȫ ƽȫǀƼ ǀơƥƫǞƠ

2 1

ǸƠƼ șƫǶȀƠ ǹǮƠ ǡȆơǆ ƩǢơǆ ȅƥǺ Ƽơȇƪ ǱǯǮ ƪǨȈǏǁƤ ƄƠ ȅǻȇǫȇǶ

ǽȇǲȀƠ Ʀȏǎ ƠǀơǿȇǳǷǶ ǁȣƠ ǹǇȨǁƤ ȎơǮơǺơǶ ǸǂȈƻơǣȨ Ƽơȇƪ ǸƠƼ Ǹ ȎȁǶǁȨ
Ɠ
ǹǯȇƫǪȁƥǷǶ ǽǳǪƽǻǾ ƩȇǮ ƩȆƠ ƠǀơƫǻǷǆ ǽǲơȗơǾ ȅǇǺ ơǶ ǤȀƽȇǾ
Ɠ
Ɠ
ǹǢƼ ƽǷƷǶ ȅƥǺ ƽȩǮ Ǹ ơƫǻȇȠǮ ǄơǶ ȅǇȇǣǶ ǽǳǪƽǻǾ ƩȇǮ ƩȆƠ ǽȇǲȀƠ
ƨƠȁǳǎ ǩȗơƤǁȩǷǶ Ʀȏǎ ƠǀơǿȇǳǷǶ ǽƫǻȆǁȨ ȅƫǞơǗǻǶ ǹǢƼ ƩȇǮ ơȇǆȀƠ ǸƠƼ

Ƨǻǆ ǹǯǳǷǟǣǶ ơƪǁǆ ƠƽǻȇȤƤ ǅƪƠ Ț ǹǢǀȎ ǹǯǳȤǣȇǻǶ ǸƠƼ ƄƠ
Ë
ǹȨȀƽȇǿǮ ǵǲƠƼ ƠƽǻȇȤƤ

4 3
Ɠ
ǹƫǯǢƠ Ȅ ƠȁƫǣǶ ǩȇƫǺȎƼ ƽȆǂ ǹƤ ƧǶơǆƖ ǸƠƼ ȁƫǻƥǷǶ Ǆơȇƫǻǆ ǩȆƽǏǲƠ ǁǯƤ ȁƤƠ
ǽȇǳȇȨƼ ȀơȇǳƤ ƠƼȁǶ ǡȆ ơȇǆȀƠ ƽȨ Ơǁƫǻƪ Ǹ ƠƼƗǮ ǵǲƠƼ ƼƠ Ǵơǆ ƠƽǻȇȤƤ ǠȁǮȁȘǶ
Ɠ
Ɠ
Ɠ
Ǹ ƠȁȇǷȇƫǇȆƗǮ ǸƠƼ Ǹ ƠȁǫƫǮ ǸƠǁǮ ǽǳȇƫǇǶ ƩȇǮ ǽǆȁǆ ǸȁȨȀơƪƠ ǡǻǆ
ǹȆƠ ǰơƶ șǿȇǲȀƠ ȅǫȇǳȇǶƼ ǡȆ ǩȆ ơƤ ǡȆ ƩƤơƷǎ ȄƼơƳǻǶ ơǿǆȀƠǁƤ
Ɠ
ǠǀȀƗǇǆ ǹƫƥȇǿǮ ȄȏȇǺ ǹǯǪȁƳǺȁǻǶ Ǆơȇƫǻǆ ǸƠƼ ȅƫƷȇǏǻǶ ƩƷȇǏǺ
ƽȨ ǽǲƠƼƠ ǰȁǆǀ ǸƠƼ ƄƠ ȅǇȇǆƼ ƠǀơǮǁȨ ǵǲƠƼ ǹǮƠǀ ȁƫǻƥǷǶ ơȆƽǆǁƤ

ơƪǁǆ ơƪǁǾ ƽȨ ǹǮȁƤ ǸƠƼ șǺơǷȆƠ ǹǫȆ ơƥǮ
Ɠ
ơȇǆȀƠ

ǹǆȁǶȀǀ

Ɠ
ǅȩǳǆ ȅǇǺ ơǶ ƩǶȀƠ ƽȩǮ ƄƠ ǹǯǆȁƪȀƖƼ ǂȈƻƠǁƪ ǡȆ ȅƥǺ ǽǲơȆƠ U ƽǷƷǶ ȅƥǺ
ƠȁǷǆ ƩȇǮ ƢƠȁƳǢȁȤǣƪ ȄƼơƳǻǶ Ǵȏǆƚ ǼȁǞƼ ǹǮǁƥȇȘǶ ǅȣȁƪ ȅƥǺ ǹƪƢǧȁǮ

Ɠ
5.5.4 ǹǯȆǁƤƼ ǡȆ ǹȆ ȏǆ U ƽǷƷǶ ȅƥǺ ǹƪƢǧȁǮ ƠȁȇƫǇȆǁȨ ǀơƥƫǞƠ ǹǯȆǁƥǷǶ ƽȆǀȁǶ ơƫǻȇǶ
5.5.5
ƽȆǀȁǶ ǹǯǫǲơȣ ǸƠƼ ȂȁǫƪǁƤ ǸơǇǺƠ ÏȄǁȇȟ ǡƫǻƪ ǹǲȁȩǶȁǮ ǹǣȠǻȇƤǁȨ ƨƠȁƤ 168
șǻǯǳǷǟǣǶ

Bab 18 (163-170).indd 169 05-Sep-15 2:29:21 PM

Ǽǁȇǆ ǦȈƫ¦ȘȂǼȇ¦ ǹǶȎ

ǅǯǣȆǀ ƠǀơȠǆ U ƽǷƷǶ ȅƥǺ ǤȀƽȇǾ ǹǻǲơƲǁȨ ǄơǶ ǅȆǀơȣ 1

ǩȇƫǺȎƼ
Ō È
ǹƪƢǧȁǮ É ƧƳƶ Ǹ ơǮȁƥǷȨ ŚƳǻƲǁȨ ƠȁȇƫǇȆǁȨ ȄƼơƳǻǶ ȅƥǺ
Ɠ
ȅƥǺ ǜƠƼÈ ! Ơ ƧǯǶ ƧȇƥȆƽƶ ǼǁƳǾ ǰȁǆǀ ǹǮǁȇǾȎƼ
È

ǸȁǾơƪ ǸȁǾơƪ ǸȁǾơƪ ǸȁǾơƪ ǸȁǾơƪ
ƦǁƳǾ ƦǁƳǾ ƦǁƳǾ ƦǁƳǾ ƦǁƳǾ Ǵ Ǵ

ǹǯǣȠǻȇƤ ǅƪƖƼ U ƽǷƷǶ ȅƥǺ ǤȀƽȇǾ ǹǻǲơƲǁȨ ǄơǶ ǅȆǀơȣ ǹǮǁǆƠƼǁƤ

ǅǳǮ ǹȨƼơǾƼ șǻǯǣƫǻƤ ǹȆƼȁǷǮ ǹǲȁȩǶȁǮ ǵǲƠƼ ƨȁǯȆƠǁƤ ǡȆ ƠǀơǮǁȨ
U ƽǷƷǶ ȅƥǺ ǹȨȀƽȇǿǮ ǹƫȇƫǻȆǀ ƽȨǀƼ ǽȇǲȀƠǁȨƼ ǡȆ ǀơƥƫǞƠ

U ƽǷƷǶ ȅƥǺ ǸƠƼ ƄƠ ȅǿȇǆơǮƼ ǁȣƠ ơȇǆȀƠ ǸƠƼ ǄơǶ ȅǇȇǣǶ Ơǀơȟ

ǼȀơƤƼ ǴǃǞ ƽǮ ǹǯȩǯǣǲ 2

Ʀȏǎ ǹǮȁǮȏǶ ƧǶơǫƫǆƠ ƄƠ ǰȁǆǀ
ǽǞơǷƲǁƤ ǹǿȇǆǁƥǮ ȡơƳǻǶ ƩǢơǆ ƄƠ ǰȁǆǀ
Ȅơǆ ǴǃǞ

Ȅơǆ ǴǃǞ

șǻǯǳǷǟǣǶ ǹǿȇƥǳǮ șǻǯǳǷǟǣǶ ǹǿȇƥǳǮ

5.5.4 ǅƪƖƼ ȅƫȆȜȇƫǮƠ ǹǮȁǮȏǶ ƽȆǀȁǶ ǡȇƥǷȇƤ
5.5.5 ǡȆ ƠǀơǮǁȨ ǹǢƼ ȅǾȁǻȨƼ ǡȆ U ƽǷƷǶ ȅƥǺ ǹȨȀƽȇǿǮ ȅǾȁƫǺȁȠǻǶ ƽȆǀȁǶ ǠȀǀȀƼ
169
Ɠ
ƪǠǨǼǷǁƤ ǸƠƼ ǩȆ ơƤ
ȅȠǻȆǁȨǁƪ ƠǀơȠǆ ǹǮơƪơȗƼ Ǩƽȇƪ ȅƫȆȜȇƫǮƠ ǵǲƠƼ ȅƷȇǇǶ ǸȁǾơƪ ƠȀơǿƤ ǹǯǢǁƪ
ƽȆǀȁǶ ƽȩǮ ǼǁƳǾ ƠȁȇƫǇȆǁȨ ȚȁǮȎǁƤ ǅȩǳǆ

Bab 18 (163-170).indd 168 05-Sep-15 2:29:07 PM

ǦȈƬǯ¦ ƠƽǻȇǶ Ǽǁȇǆ

Ɠ
ǡƫǻƪ ǹǮƠǀ ǹǢƼ ƢƠȁƲ ǰƠ ȁǆǁƤ 1
U ƽǷƷǶ ȅƥǺ ǹƪƢǧȁǮ ȄǀơǾ ƽȨ ǸƠƼ Ǵȁǳƥǆ ƠȁȇƫǇȆǁȨ

ƠƽǻȇȤƤ ǹƪƢǧȁǮ ơƫȆǁƤ ƩȨƠƽǻǶ ȏȇƤơȨƠ ƩƤơƷǎ ƠǀơȨ ȅǇǮơȆǀ

U ƽǷƷǶ ȅƥǺ ǹƪƢǧȁǮ ƠȁȇƫǇȆǁȨ ƽȨǀƼ ǹǇǮ

Ʀȏǎ ƠǀơǿȇǳǷǶ ƩȇǮ ǁȣƠ ǹǇȨǁƤ U ƽǷƷǶ ȅƥǺ 2

Ɠ

ǹǮƠǀ ǤƼơǾǁƪ ȁǶơǮ ǹǪƽǻȇƪ ǽǮơȨƠ ǅƪƖƼ Ǹ ơƪơȗǁȨ ǹǮǁǆƠƼǁƤ
Ɠ
ǡȆ ǼƽȆ Ƣǧ ǡƫǻƪ ȁǶơǮ ǹǮƠǀ ȁǾơƫȆǁƤ Ʀȏǎ ǹǯǳȤǣȇǻǶ ȁǲȏǆ ǡȆ
șǻǯǳȤǣȇǻǶ ƧƥǪơǞ ǸƠƼ Ʀȏǎ ƠǀơǿȇǳǷǶ ȫƲ ǽȇǲȀƠǁȨƼ

ǼȀơƤƼ ȡȁǲơȆƼ ǹǯȩǯǣǲ 3

Ɠ
Ȅơǆ Ǹ ơǆƠǁȨ ǽǳƫǆ ȁǶơǮ Ǹ ơǆƠǁȨ ǽǮơȨƠ ȅƫȇǆ
Ɠ
ȅƥǺ ǹƪƢǧȁǮ ǽǏȇǪ Ȅ ȁǾơƫǣǶ
Ɠ
ȚƠǀơƫǺƠ ǹȆƠ ǽǏȇǪ ƽȨǀƼ ǀơƥƫǞƠ ǩȗơƤ ǸƠƼ ȅǿȇǆơǮ ƩȇǮ ǡȆ U ƽǷƷǶ
ǽǲơȆƠ ǹȆƠ ǽǏȇǪ ƽȨǀƼ ǀơƥƫǞƠ ǽǮơȨƠ

5.5.1 ǅƪƖƼ ȅƫȆȜȇƫǮƠ ǹǮȁǮȏǶ ƽȆǀȁǶ ǡȇƥǷȇƤ
5.5.2 ƄƠ ƢơǇƶƼ ǴơƪǁȨ ǡȆ ǹǳǷǞ ǹǮơȨȀǁǶ ǸƠƼ ǴơȣƠ Ǡơȇƪ ǽǲơȆƠ Ʀȏǎ ƠȀơǿƤ ƽȆǀȁǶ ǹǯƫǣȆƠ
5.5.3 170
5.5.4
5.5.5

Bab 18 (163-170).indd 171 05-Sep-15 2:29:55 PM

ƢƼƠ ƠƽǻȇǶ ǹǯƫƷȆǁǶ Ƨǳƶǀ ǸǁƲȏȫ

ǹǯȨȠǻȇƤ ǸƠƼ ǹǯȇƪơǾǁȫ

Ɠ
șƪȀ Ȏ ȀǁȇƤ ǸƼơȩȇǆ ȀȎȁȨ
ơȇǺƼ ǼȀǀȁǳǆƼ ǠȁȠǻǳȨ ǹǫȆǀơƪ
Ɠ
șƫǷǟǺ Ȅ ơȣǁǾ ȪȀǁƪ ȄǀơǶ
ƠȁȇƲƼ ǸơǷȆƠ ǀȁƤȁǆ ǁȣƠ
Ɠ
ƄƠ Ǹ ơƫȩȇȟ ǵǲơǞ ȅƪơȇƷǣǶ ȄȏȇǺ

Ɠ
ǨȁƲơƪ ǹǢƼ șǻǯƫȆ ơǮ ǸƠƼ ǩȆǀơǻǶ ǹǢȁƳǻǳȨ ÏƩȩǷƪ ǡƫǻƪ Ǹǀơǆ ǡƥǶȁǆ
ƨȁƥǆǁƪ ÏƩȩǷƪ ȅǢȁƳǺȁǣǶ ȫȆǁǶ ǹǷǲơǣȨ ǹǮơƫȆǁȠǻǶ ƽȆǀȁǶ ơƫǻȇǶ
171

Bab 19 (171-176).indd 171 05-Sep-15 2:33:34 PM

ȆǸȀǧ ǸƠƼ ȅƫȇǳƪ ƢƼƠ

Ƨǳƶǀ ƼȁǏǫǶ

106:2 ǉȆǁǪ Ʀǀȁǆ ǠȁƳǺȁǮǁƤ ȀơƪƠ ƨȀȏǶ ȅȣǁȨ

Ɠ
Ɠ
ǸơǶƠ Ǹ ơǆơȇƥǮ ƩȆ ơȆ ȚƼȁǏǫǶ ȅƪǁȩǆ ƩȩǷƪ ȁƪƠȁǇǇǮ
ǹǯǻǲơƳǻǶ ȫȆǁǶ ǹǻǲơƲǁȨ Ǵǁƫǻƪ ǽƲȏƳǻǶ ƠǀơƥǷǣǶ ǠȁȠǻǳǶ

Ɠ
ǨȁƳǆ ǵȇǆȁǶ ƽȨ Ǹ ơȣơȇǺǁȨ ǾǸȈƻǂƥ ȀơƪƠ
ǵȇǆȁǶ ƽȨ ǸƠƼ ǹǷȆ ȄǁȤǻǮ
ǴơǊ ȄǁȤǻǮ ǅǺơȨ

ȂǨǼȇ¦

Ɠ
ǁƫȇǶȁǳȇǮ ÏƠǁȇǮ ƧǳƶǁǶ ƠȀƼ ǼȀ ơƳǆ ǹǻǲơƲǁȨ ǨǀơƲ
ǂǧơǇǶ Ȅơȣơƥǆ ƠǁȇǮƼ

Ɠ
ƄƠ Ǹ ơƫȩȇȟ ǵǲơǞ ȅƪơȇƷǣǶ ȄȏȇǺ

Ɠ
6.1.1 Ƨǳƶǀ ƼȁǏǫǶ ǡƫǻƪ ƽȆǀȁǶ ǹǢƼ Ǵơǆ ơǶơǆǁƤ ƢƠȁƲ ǰƠ ȁǆǁƤ
ǹȆ Ȏ ǡȆ Ƨǳƶǀ ÏƢƼƠ ǡƫǻƪ ǹǣȠǻȇƤǁȨ ŕȆȜȇƫǮƠ ǹǮȁǮȎ 172
Ɠ

Bab 19 (171-176).indd 173 05-Sep-15 2:34:10 PM

ƢƼƠ

Ƨǳƶǀ ƢƼƠ

ƦƼơƥǞ ȄƼơƳǻǶ ǹǻǲơƲǁȨ ǁȣƠ ƄƠ ǸƠǁǮ ƧȇǺǁƤ 1

ƓơǞƼǁƤ ǸƠƼ ǂǧơǇǶ Ƨǻǆ Ʀȏǎ ǹǯȆơǺȁǻǶ ǹǢƼ Ƨǳƶǀ ǹǻǲơƲǁȨ ǹǮȎȁǷǶ 2

ƄƠ ǹǢǀȎ ǀȁǏǻǞ Ƽơȇƪ ǸƠƼ ǹȆƠȁǇǆǁƤ ǡȆ ƩȩǷƪ ǽȇǳȇǷǶ 3
ƠǀơǿȇǳȨǁƪ ǼƠȀǁǶ ơȆơȨȁǆ ơǺǀȁȩǷǆ ǹǢƼ ƦǀȁǞ ǤȁƪȁǻǶ 4

ǤơƤ ȁƥȆƠ ǹǻȆƿȆƗǮ ǹǯƫȨƠƽǻǶ 5

ǹǾƽǻȆƗǮ ǹǯǢȁȣơǣǶ ǹǢƼ ÀǂȈǰȈǧ ǸƠƼ ơǣȇǳƪ ƨơǶ ȡơƳǻǶ 6
Ɠ
ƄƠ Ǹ ơƫȩȇȟ

Ʀȏǎ çȁƫǪȀ ȡơƳǻǶ Ǆơȇƫǻǆ 7
Ɠ
ƄƠ Ǹ ơƫȩȇȟ ǹǢȁȣƗǮ ȅƲȁǷǶ ǸƠƼ ȅƫǣȇǣǶ Ǆơȇƫǻǆ 8

6.1.2 Ƨǳƶǀ ǅȩǳǆ ǸƠƼ ǄơǷǆ Ǵȁǳƥǆ ƢƼƠ ǺǰȈǇƢǰȈǨȈǇȐǰǤǷ ƽȆǀȁǶ ơƫǻȇǶ
6.1.3 Ǵơǆ ơǶơǆǁƤ ȅǇǢȁǮƼ ǨȁƫǺȀƠ Ƨǳƶǀ ȫȇƫǮ ƢƼƠǁƤ Ǩƽȇƪ ǡȆ ƠǀơǮǁȨ ǹǯȆƠǀơǻȘǶ ƽȆǀȁǶ
173
ǹǮƠǀ ǹǢƼ
Ƨǳƶǀ ǄơǷǆ ȁƫǻƥǷǶ Ǆơȇƫǻǆ ǸƠƼ ǵȇƶǁǲƠ Ƨǳǎ ǹǢȁƤȁǾ ȡơƳǻǶ ơȆơȨȁǆ ƽȆǀȁǶ ǹǯƫǣȆƠ

Bab 19 (171-176).indd 172 05-Sep-15 2:33:50 PM

ǹǯǳǷǞ ǸƠƼ ȅƪơȇƶ ƢƼƠ

Ƨǳƶǀ ǄơǷǆ ƢƼƠǁƤ ǹǿȇƥǳǮ ǹǲȀơƪ ǸƠƼ ǹǮƠǀ ǵǯȇǳǞ ǴȏǇǲƠ
ǹǮȎȁǶ ȅǶơǮ Ǵȏǆ ǹȩȟȀƠ
ǹǯǿƥǷǆǁȨ ȅǶơǮ ǵǺƠ ǸȁǾơƪ ơȆǀȁƤ

ǹǮȁȣȎ ȅǶơǮ Ƨǳƶǀ ƢƼƠ ơǷȇƪ

Ɠ
ƄƠ Ǹ ơƫȩȇȟ ǼƽǻȆƠ ǽǯǣǲƠ
Ɠ
șƤƼƠ ȅǾȁƪơȨ ǽǳȆ ơǮȀǁƪ
Ƨǳƶǀ ƢƼƠǁƤ ǹǿȇƥǳǮ ƩȨƠƼǁƪ
șǻǯǳǷǟǣǶ ǸƠƼ ȅƪơȇƶ ȄǀơǶ

ÀǂȈǰȈǧ ǹǯȨǻƪ ƧǳƶǁƤ ƩȇǮ

ǹǮơȨȁǲƼ Ǩƽȇƪ șƤƼƠ ƢƼƠ
Ɠ
ǹǫȆ ơƥǮ ǩȗơƤ șǻǯǳǷǟǣǶ
ǹƫȩǷƪ ơȆƠƼȁƤ ȅǳǻǮ ƩȨƠƼ

ǹǷǲơȨȫ ǩȚơƤ ƠƽǻȇǶ ȦǇȧǁǶ
ǹǯƫǯȨȇƪƼ ȡȁƲ ƠȁȇƲƼ ǸơǷȆƠ

ǹǯǻǾơƪǁȫƼ ȄǁȆƼ ǼƠȀǁǶ
ǹǯǳǷǞƼ ƢƼƠ ǹǿȇƥǳǮ ǹȆƠ

ǹǆȁǶȀǀ

ǸƠǁǮ Ǵȏǆƚ ǵǲƠƼ ǹǯǫǲơȣƼ ƩǶƠ Ƨǳƶǀ
Ɠ
ƄƠ Ǹ ơƫȩȇȟ ǵǲơǞ ȪȀǁǻǶ ƩȨƠƼ ƩȇǮ
șǺǁǻƥǮ ǹǯǢȁȣơǣǶ ǸƠƼ

6.1.2 ǦȈƫƢȇǂǯ ǹǢƼ ơȆǀȁƤ ǹǯǿƥǷǆǁȩǷǶ ƽȆǀȁǶ ǡȇƥǷȇƤ
6.1.4
Ƨǳƶǀ ȫȇƫǮ ƢƼƠǁƤ ǹǿȇƥǳǮ ǡƫǻƪ ǡȇƫǻȨ ÏȅǇȆƠ ǹǯǣȠǻȇƥǷǶ ƽȆǀȁǶ ơƫǻȇǶ 174
ǅǳǮ ǹȨƼơǾƼ șǻǯǣƫǻƤ ǸƠƼ ǹǮƠǀ ǹǢƼ Ǵơǆ ơǶơǆǁƤ
Ƨǳƶǀ ƢƼƠ ǹǯǳǷǟǣǶ ƽȆǀȁǶ ǹǯǫǲơȣ

Bab 19 (171-176).indd 175 05-Sep-15 2:36:04 PM

ƢƼƠ ǦȈƫƠȘȁǻȆƠ ǹǶȎ

.ǹǲȁȩǶȁǮ ǵǲƠƼ “ƧȇǷǳǞ Ƨǳƶǀ ǱǺǀȁƲ” ǹǯǳȇǎơƶ 1

2 1

Ɠ
ȅƫȆƙȇƫǮƠ Ǹ ơǺơǇǫǳȫ Ơǀơȟ
ǡȆ ȆǇƢǷ°ȂǨǼȇ¦ ǹǮȀƽǻȨǁƤ “ƧȇǷǳǞ Ƨǳƶǀ ǱǺǀȁƲ” ǹǯǳȇǎơƷǣǶ ȁǲǁȨ ǹǲȁȩǶȁǮ Ǥơȇƫǆ .
ƨȁǯȆƠǁƤ

Ƨǳƶǀ ȫȇƫǮ ƢƼƠǁƤ Ǩƽȇƪ ǸƠƼ ƢƼƠǁƤ ÏȄǁȇȟ ǹǯǪȁƳǺȁǻǶ ǡȆ ǁƥǷȣ 1 ȅǆơǶǀȂǨǼȇ¦
ǽȇǲȀƠ ǹǮǀȁƳǺƖƼ ǡȆ Ƨǳƶǀ ȅƪȁǯȇǣǶ ǄơǷǆ ȁǶơǮ ǹǷǲơǣȨ ǹǮơƫȆǁȟ 2 ȅǆơǶǀȂǨǼȇ¦
Ɠ
ƢƼƠǁƤ ǸƠȁǮȎǁȨ ǹǢƼ ƨȁƥǆǁƪ ǹǷǲơǣȨ ǹǯƫȆ ơǮ ǸƠƼ ǽǲȁǯǆ ǩǿȇȨ
ǹǯǳǷǞ ȁǶơǮ ǡȆ

ǽȇǲȀƠǁȨ ȁǶơǮ ǡȆ ǹǿȇƥǳǮ ǹǯǇǳƲ ƨȁƥǆǁƪ ǹǷǲơǣȨ ǹǮǁǆƠƼǁƤ 3 ȅǆơǶǀȂǨǼȇ¦
Ƨǳƶǀ ȫȇƫǮ ƢƼƠ ǹǯǳǷǟǣǶ ǹǢƼ

Ɠ
ǡȆ ǦȈƫơƫǻȇƪ ǴǁȣȀǁȨ ȁƪơǆ ǹǯǳȇǎơƶ ơǿǆȀ ơȇƫǆ Ȅơȣơƥǆ 2
ǀȁȩǶȁǲ ȎƠȁǮ ưƠǀƼ ǴȁȆǂȁǷǮ ǹƪȀȎ ǨȁƫǺȀƠ ȄƠȁǇǆ

Ɠ
ƩȆȀơǆ Ȅǁǆ Ǹ ơǇǣƥǮ ǽǲȁǯǆ
ǀȁǾȁƲ ȄơƲ ȄȎȁǮ

ǽǲȁǯǆƼ ǰȁȩǶȁǮǁƤ ȅȣơȨ 7.00
z
ƩǷȇǳǟƪ
z
ǂǧơǇǶ Ƨǻǆ Ʀȏǎ ȅȣơȨ 7.30
ǹǮƠ ȅƫǇȨ ǽȇȤȇȣ ǡȆ ơǿǆȀƠ ȄȏȇǺ ǂǧơǇǶ ƓơǞƼ Ǹ ơȟơƤ
Ɠ
z
Ɠ
Ǹ ơȆơƳǮ ǹǯǾƠȁƥǷǶ ǅƤ ȅǫȆ ơǻǶ ǨȁƫǺȀƠ ǰȁȩǶȁǮǁƤ ȅȣơȨ 7.45
Ɠ
z
6.1.2 ǅƪƖƼ ȅƫȆȜȇƫǮƠ ǹǯǻǲơƳǻǶ ƽȆǀȁǶ ǡȇƥǷȇƤ
6.1.3 ǹǯǳȩǷƪ ǹȆƼȁǷǮ Ƨǳƶǀ ÏƢƼƠ ȅǢȀƽǺơǣǶ ǡȆ ǦȈƫơƫǻȇƪ ǴǁȣȀǁȨ ǹǯǳȇǎơƷǣǶ ƽȆǀȁǶ ơƫǻȇǶ
175 6.1.4
Ɠ
Ǹ ơƪơȘǮ ǹȨơȨƼ

Bab 19 (171-176).indd 174 05-Sep-15 2:35:33 PM

ǦȈƬǯ¦ ƠƽǻȇǶ ƢƼƠ

Ƨǳƶǀ ǹȇƪǁǣȨ
ƨȁǯȆƠǁƤ ǡȆ ƠǀơǮǁȨ ǹǯǇǳǮ ǸƠƼ Ȅǀơȟ 1
Ƨǳƶǀ ǄơǷǆ ǹǯǫǳȆƖƼ ȁǲǁȨ ǡȆ ƠǀơǮǁȨ

Ƨǳƶǀ ȫȇƫǮ ƢƼƠǁƤ ǹǿȇƥǳǮ

ǹǮƠǀ ǹǢƼ Ǵơǆ ơǶơǆǁƤ ǹǯǣȠǻȇƤ ǹȆƼȁǷǮ

Ƨǳƶǀ ǅȩǳǆ ǸƠƼ ǄơǷǆ Ǵȁǳƥǆ ƢƼƠ ȅƫǇȨ ǱǻǮ 2

ȁǶơǮ ǹǢƽǻȨ ǹǯȆǁƤ ǸƠƼ ǼȀơƤƼ ȅǆƠȁƫȇǆ ŕȇǳƪ 3

ǺȀǸȈƻǁȨ ǩȨơƪ ǹǯǳȤǣȇǻǶ Ǵȁǳƥǆ
Ɠ
ǹƪȀȎ Ȅ ơƪǁȘǶ ǹȇǣȆƠ ȁǶơǮ ǹǮƠǀ
ǽǲȁǯǆ ǩǿȇȨ ǽȇǲȀƠ ǹǮǀȁƳǺƖƼ ǡȆ Ǥǀơǆ ǽȩǷǆ ǹǯǿȇǆǁƥǷǶ ȁǶơǮ

ȚơȣơƳǻȨ ǽȇǲȀƠ ǠǀȎƼ ȅȨơƫƪ șǣȇǳȇǳǯǆƼ ǸǀȁƤơƪǁƤ ǡȆ

ȅƪơǾƠǀƽǻȟ ȄƠƽǮƼ ȫȇƫǮ
Ʀȏǎ ƠǀơǿȇǳǷǶ Ǆơȇƫǻǆ ǱȇƥǷǣǶ ȁǶơǮ ǹǮƠǀ ǠǀȀƗǆ

Ƨǳƶǀ ȫȇƫǮ ȚǁȆơƥǷǶ ơȩǻƪ ȅƪơǾƠǀƽǻȟ

6.1.1 ȀơƪƠ ǹƪȀȎ ȅƫȆȜȇƫǮƠ ȅƪȁǯȇǣǶ ȫȆǁǶ ǄơǷǆ Ƨǳƶǀ ƢƼƠ ǹǯǳǷǟǣǶ ƽȆǀȁǶ ǹǯǫǲơȣ
6.1.2
6.1.3 ǹȇƪȁȟǁȨ 176
6.1.4

Bab 19 (171-176).indd 177 05-Sep-15 2:36:36 PM

ƢƼƠ ǸƠȁȇƶ ǽǳȇȨȆơǆ ǸǁƲȏȫ

ǺǯǂȈǰȈǧ ǸƠƼ ǹǯȇƪơǾǁȫ

ȂǨǼȇ¦

ƪǨȈǏ ǸƠȁȇƶ ǤƼơǾǁƪ ǸơǇƶƠ ƪǨȈǏ ǹǯǪȁƳǺȁǻǶ U ƄƠ ǰȁǆǀ
U ƽǷƷǶ ȅƥǺ ƮȇƾƷ ǼƠȁƥǆ ǵǲƠƼ ǹǮơƪơȗƼ ǹȆƠ

Ø

0 F . " ! ! " >GO H 5 ! . M *" Q H 07 1N U = " p) - ./ >G"! # a ƄƠ 9 " d

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ǵǳǇǶ ǼƠȀǀ
ƠƽǻƤ Ǥơȇƫǆ ǅƪƠ ǸơǇƶƠ ǹǯȩƫǻǶ ǽǳƪ ƄƠ șǾȁȤǢȁǇǆ ȚƼȁǏǫǶ
Ɠ
ȁǶơǮ ȏȇƤơȨƠ ǸƠƼ ǩȆ ơƤ ǹǢƼ ǽǳǾȁǺȁƤ ǼȁǺȁƥǷǶ ȁǶơǮ ȏȇƤơȨƠ ȫǶ
Ɠ
ǸƠƼ ǹǿȇǳƥǷǆ ƩǲƠ ǽǳǻǯǷƲơƪ ǩȆ ơƤ ǹǢƼ ǽǳǿȇǳƥǷǆ ǽȇǳƥǷȘǶ
ǹǿȇǳƥǷǆ ǸƠȁȇƶ ǽǳǻǯǣǻƪ
ǸƠȁȇƶ ȅǣȆơȘǶ ȁǲǁȨ ƩȇǮ ǽǮơȨơǣǶ
Ɠ
6.2.1 ǸǁƲȏȨ ǨȁƲơƪ ǹǢƼ șǻǯƫȆ ơǮ ǸƠƼ ǅƪƖƼ ǁƥǷȣ ǡƫǻƪ Ǹǀơǆ ǡƥǶȁǆ
177
Bab 20 (177-182).indd 177 05-Sep-15 2:38:44 PM

ȅƪơȇƶ ǸƠƼ ȆǸȀǧ ƢƼƠ

ǸƠȁȇƶ ȩƼơǾǁƪ ƢƼƠ

ƩȩǷƪ ǸƠƼ ǹǢȀƽǻȇǲǁȨ ǹǯȆǁƥǷǶ 1

ȄƠȁǇǆ ǡȆ ǱȤǣȇƪ

ǸƠȁȇƶ ǤƼơǾǁƪ ǹǿȇǆơǮ ǅǳƤ 2

ǡȆ ǹǶȁǻȇǶ ǸƠƼ ǹǻǮơǶ ǹǯȆǁƥǷǶ 3
ƩȇǎƢƻǁƤ

Ɠ
Ɠ
ǩȆ ơƤ ǡȆ ǹƪȀƠǀ ǸƠƼ Ǹ ơȣơƳǻȨ 4

ǵȇǲơǚ ǸƠȁǮȎǁȨ ȄǀƽǻȇǾ 5

ǾƳơȣ ǾǧƠǁȆǂ ǨȁƫǺȀƠ ǸƠȁȇƶ ƩƫȇƤơǾ ȡơƳǻǶ 6
ŘȇǆƼ ƠƽǺƠ
ǹǆȁȨȁȩǮ ǹǯǫǳȇǣǶ

ǹǯȆƠ ƣƥǆ ơȩǻƪ ǸƠȁȇƶ ǼȁǺȁƥǷǶ Ǩƽȇƪ 7
ǠȀǀȁƤ

ǡƪơǻȇƤ
ǹǫǺǁƪ

ȡơƲǁƪ ǵǲơǞ ƠǀơǿȇǳȨǁƪ ǸƠȁȇƶ ȄȏȇǺ

6.2.1 ǸƠȁȇƶ ǤƼơǾǁƪ ƢƼƠǁƤ ȫȆǁǶ Ơǀơȟ ǹǮơƫȆǁȠǻǶ ƽȆǀȁǶ ơƫǻȇǶ
ǠȀơǇǆ ǹǶȎƼ ǸƠȁȇƶ ǤƼơǾǁƪ ƢƼƠ ǡƫǻƪ ǹǿƥǷƪ ƩǶȁǳǟǶ ȄǀơȠǻǶ ƽȆǀȁǶ ơƫǻȇǶ 178

Bab 20 (177-182).indd 179 05-Sep-15 2:40:33 PM

ƢƼƠ ǸƠȁȇƶ

ǹǷȠǺƠ Ǡǀơƥǆ ƽȨǀƼ ǀƽǻȇǾǁƪ
z
ǨơȇƥǷǶ ƩȨƠƼ ǸƠƼ ƩƷȇǎ ȄƼơƳǻǶ
z
Ɠ
ǩȆ ơƤ ǹǢƼ
Ɠ
ǹǯǳǷǟȨǶ ǹǫȆ ơƥǮ
Ɠ
ȅǇǺ ơǶ ȩƼơǾǁƪ ƢƼƠ
ȅȨȁǮȁȠǻǶ ǡȆ ǹǻǮơǶ ǁƥǶȁǆ ƩȨƠƽǻǶ z ǸƠȁȇƶ
ȅǶȁǺȁǯȆƠ ǹǮơǺơƳǻǶ
z

ǵǲơǞ
ƠǀơǿȇǳȨǁƪ ƩƫȇƤơǾ
z
ǵǲơǞ ǵƫǇȇǆȁǯȆƠ ǹǯȆǀơƫǇǳǶ z

ȂǨǼȇ¦

ȅȨơƫƪ Ǵȏǆƚ ǵǲƠƼ ƨȁƫǺȁƪƼ ǸƠȁȇƶ ǤƼơǾǁƪ ƢƼƠǁƤ
ǹǮǁǻƤƼ ƩȇǮ ǺǰƫǂǔǸǷ ƨȁƥǆǁƪ ǸƠȁȇƶ ȚƠǁȇǯǆ

șǾȁǺȁƥǷǶ

Ɠ
Ɠ
6.2.2 ǸƠȁȇƶ ǤƼơǾǁƪ ƢƼƠ ǹǢƼ ǹƫȆ ơǮǁƤ ǡȆ ƧǻǇǲƠ ǸƠƼ ǸƠ ǁǫǲƠ çǱȇǲƼ ȄǀơȠǻǶ ƽȆǀȁǶ ơƫǻȇǶ
Ɠ
Ɠ
ǸƠȁȇƶ ǤƼơǾǁƪ ƢƼƠ ǹǯǳǷǟǣǶ ǹȆ Ȏ ǹǫȆ ơƥǮ Ǹǀơǆ ǡƥǶȁǆ
179

Bab 20 (177-182).indd 178 05-Sep-15 2:39:34 PM

ȩƼơǾǁƪ ȥǀȎƼ ȦȆ ǸƠȁǮȎǁȫ ǹǯǳǷǞ ǸƠƼ ȅƪơȇƶ ƢƼƠ

ơǶƠǁȆƠǁƤ ƠǀơȠȇƤ ǸƠȁȇƶ

ǠǀȎƼ ƩȇǮ ǽǲȁƫȆƠ ƣƥǆ ơǾ ǽƪơǮǁƤȀ ƄƠ ƧǷƶǀȀ ǵǯȇǳǞ ǴȏǇǲƠ
ǸƠȁȇƶ ƩƫȇƤơǾ ǹǯǿǻǆȁǷǶ ǽƪơǮǁƤȀ ƄƠ ƧǷƶǀȀ ǴȏǇǲƠ ǵǯȇǳǞȀ

ƩȩǷƪ Ƽơȇƪ ȫȆǁǶ ǹǿȇǆơǮ
ǠȀƽǻȇǲǁƤ ǸƠȁȇƶ ǤƼơǾǁƪ ǠǀȎƼ ǸƠȁǮȎǁȨ
ǹǯǿƥǷǆǁȨ ȅǶơǮ ƠǀơȠȇƤ ǨȁƲơƪ
ǠǀȎƼ ǹƪƠȁƤǁȨ ȅȣȎ ǤƠ ǽǲơȆƠ

ÏǸȀơǮ ǹǮǁǢƼ ȄǀơǶ ǹǮƠǀ ȄǀơǶ

Ɠ
Ɠ
ươȨǆ ǹȧƼ ǸƠȁȇƶ ǼȁǺȁƥǷǶ ǹȧơƲ ǹǯǾȀ ơƲ ǨȀǀȁƤ ǡȆ ǩȆ ơƤ ǡȆ ǱȇƥǶƠ
ȅȣȎ ȅȣȎ ȁƪ ǵȇǲơǚ ǨȁǮ ǨȁǮ ǨȁǮ ǨȁǮ

ǸƠǁǮ ǸƠȁȇƶ ơǇǫȇțǶ ǹȧơƲ ȅǺ ǵȆƠ ǽǳǣȇǇȇƤ ǉȇǾ
ȅƪǁȩǆ ¼ȂǴƼǷ ȡȁƲ ǸƠȁȇƶ ǡǻǆ ǩƪ ǸȁȨ ǀȀƽȇƪ ǩǺ ǠǀȀƠ

ƪȈǯ
ǼǀơǶ ǽǳǻǢơƲ ǽȆƚ
ǽǲƠǀơǿȇǳȨ ǸƠƼ ȅǣȆơǆ ÏǸȀơǮ ơȆ À¦ȂȈƷ ǹǯǣȆơǆ ǸȁȨ ȅƥǺ ǽǯǻǮȁƤ
ǹǢƼ ƩȇǮ ǡȇǳȇǳǯǆƼ ǸƠȁȇƶ Ɠ
Ǹ ƠǀơǿȇǳȨ
Ɠ
Ɠ
ǤȀƽȇǾ ơȆơȨȁǆ șǫȆ ơƤ ǩȆ ơƥǆ ȚơȨȀǀ ơȨȀǀ ȁƫȇȤƤ ǽǮơȆƠ
Ț ƧǷƶǀ ǽȇǲȀƠǁȩǷǶ ƩȇǮ
ƩǢơǆ ǩȗơƤ ǩȩǷǺ Ȅơǆ ǵǲơǷǆ
ȅǶơǮ ƽȨǀƼ ȁǲȁǾƼ Ǹơȇǯǆ
ǹǲơƲ ȅȩƪƼ ƩȇȗȁǶ
ȅƫǻǺ ǄơǶ ȁƪƠȁǆ ƠȁǆǁƤ ȡȁǷǆ

ǽƪơǮǁƤȀ ƄƠ ƧǷƶǀȀ ǵǯȇǳǞ ǴȏǇǲƠ

ǹǆȁǶȀǀ
Ɠ
ǸƠƼ ǽȇǆơǮ ơȆơȨȁǆ ƨȁƫǺȁƪƼ ȅǇǺ ơǶ
ǸƠȁȇƶ ǤƼơǾǁƪ ǸơǇƶƠ ȁǮȎǁƤ

6.2.3 ǅǳǮ ƠǀơƫǺƠ ȅǞơǷƲ ǴȏǮ ǹǣȆƽǻƪǁȨ ǹǮƠƼƠ
6.2.4 Ɠ Ɠ
ǸƠȁȇƶ ǤƼơǾǁƪ ƢƼƠ ǹǯǳǷǟǣǶ ǹȆ Ȏ ÏǹǫȆ ơƥǮ Ǹǀơǆ ǡƥǶȁǆ 180

Bab 20 (177-182).indd 181 05-Sep-15 2:41:20 PM

ƢƼƠ ǦȈƫƠȘȁǻȆƠ ǹǶȎ

ǹǮƠǀ ǹǢƼ Ǵơǆ ơǶơǆǁƤ øǸƠȁȇƶ ȅȨȆơǆ ȮȇƲȀǁȫù ǹǯǻǲơƲ 1
Ɠ
ǼȀơƤƼ ǸƠȁȇƶ Ǹ ơȣơƳǻȨ ǩǷȇǆ ȄƠǀơǻǆ ǹǯȩǯǣǲ ǹȆƼȁǷǮ

ǹǻǮơǶ ǹǯȆǁƥǷǶ ǼȁǆơƥǷǶ ǁǯȨǆ ǹǯǿȇǆǁƥǷǶ ȅƫȆƙȇƫǮƠ

ǹǯȆƠ ƣǺǀƠ ǵȆƠ ǹǯȆƠ ǵǲȁǮ ƣǺǀƠ ǵȆƠ ȁȤȨȇǶ

1

2

Ǹ ơȆơƳǮ ǹǯǾƠȁƥǷǶ ǹǮƠ ȅƫǇȨ ǽȇȤȇȣ ǡȆ ơǿǆȀƠ ȄȏȇǺ
Ɠ

6.2.1 ǅƪƖƼ ȅƫȆȜȇƫǮƠ ǹǮơȆơƳǻǶ ƽȆǀȁǶ ȁƫǻƤ
6.2.2
181 6.2.4 ǽȇǲȀƠ ǩǷȇǆƼ ǨȁƫǺȀƠ øǽȇǆơǮ ȄơǷǆȁǮ ȫȇƲȀǁȨù ǸǀȁȨȎ ǹǯǳȇǎơƷǣǶ ƽȆǀȁǶ ơƫǻȇǶ
Ȁǀȁȣ

Bab 20 (177-182).indd 180 05-Sep-15 2:40:57 PM

ǦȈƬǯƠ ƠƽǻȇǶ ƢƼƠ

Ɠ
șǻǯƫȆ ơǮ ǹȆƼȁǷǮ ƨȁǯȆƠǁƤ ǡȆ ȅǆƠȁƫȇǆ ǹǯǣȠǻȇƤ ǸƠƼ ǹǯȇƪơǾǁȨ 1
ǸƠȁȇƶ ǤƼơǾǁƪ ƢƼƠ ǹǢƼ

ơȆ ǹǮơǶ

Ɠ
ǽǶȀǀƼ Ǹ ƠǀơǿȇǳȨ ǸƠȁȇƶ ƠǀơǿȇǳǷǶ ǡȆ ÏǹǮƠǀ ȀơƪƠ ȁǶơǮ ǹǷǲơǣȨ ǹǮǁǆƠƼǁƤ 2
ƨȁǯȆƠǁƤ ǡȆ ƠǀơǮǁȨ ǹǮȀƽǻȨǁƤ ƠƽǻȇǶ ơƫȨ ǹǯǳȇǎơƶ
ǸƠȁȇƶ ǤƼơǾǁƪ ƢƼƠ
ǸƠȁȇƶ ǤƼơǾǁƪ ƢƼƠ ǹǯǳǷǟǣǶ ǹǫȆ ơƥǮ
Ɠ
ǸƠȁȇƶ ǤƼơǾǁƪ ǠǀȎƼ ǡȆ ǹƪƠȁƤǁȨ

ƄƠ ȅǿȇǆơǮƼ ǸƠȁȇƶ ȅǣȆơȘǶ ŒǺ ȄȏȇǺ

6.2.1 ÏƢƼƠ ǹǯǳǷǟǣǶ ƩȨƠƼ ƽȆǀȁǶ Ȣǣȇǿǆ ǅƪƖƼ ȅƫȆȜȇƫǮƠ ǹǮȁǮȏǶ ƽȆǀȁǶ ơƫǻȇǶ
6.2.2
6.2.3 ǹȨȀƽȇǿǮ ǵǲƠƼ ǸƠȁȇƶ ǤƼơǾǁƪ 182
6.2.4

Bab 20 (177-182).indd 183 05-Sep-15 2:42:08 PM

Ɠ
ƢƼƠ ǵǲơǞ ǽǳȆ ơȣǁǾ ǸǁƲȏȫ

ǺǯǂȈǰȈǧ ǸƠƼ ǹǯȇƪơǾǁȫ

ǁƥǶȁǆ ƠȁǷǆ ǽǲơȆƠ ǁƫȇǯǆ ǵǲơǞ

Ɠ
ȄơǢȁǆ ȅƪǁȩǆ ƄƠ Ǹ ơƫȩȇȟ ǵǲơǞ
Ɠ
ƠǀƠƼȀƠ ǹǾȁƥǶȁƪ ǼȁƥǶȁƪ ǹƪȀ Ȏ
ǵǲơǞ ǁƥǶȁǆ ƠȁǷǆ șȆơȣơƥǆ ǸƠƼ

ǹȇǺȁǶǁǿǮ ơȆơȨȁǆ ƠǀơǿȇǳȨƼ ȁǲǁȨ ǹȆƠ

Ɠ
ƠǀơǿȇǳȨǁƪ Ǆơȇƫǻǆ ȅǇǺ ơǶ ǤȀƽȇǾ

Ɠ
ȏȇƤơȨƠ ȁǶơǮ Ǹ ơǆƠǁȨ ǽǮơȨƠ
ȅǻȇȤƥǆ ȅǆƠȁƫȇǆ ƩǿȇǳǶ

Ɠ
Ɠ
6.3 ǨȁƲơƪ ǹǢƼ șǻǯƫȆ ơǮ ǸƠƼ ǅƪƖƼ ȅǆƠȁƫȇǆ ǹǢƼ ǹƫȆ ơǮǁƤ Ǹǀơǆ ǡƥǶȁǆ
183

Bab 21 (183-188).indd 183 05-Sep-15 2:48:13 PM

ȆǸȀǧ ǸƠƼ ȝơƤ ƢƼƠ

ǁƫȇǯǆ ǵǲơǞ ȩƼơǾǁƪ ƢƼƠ

ȧǆƠ ǹǇȩǳȨ ȅƫȆȜȇƫǮƠ ǰȀơǣǶ @
Ɠ
ǡȆ Ǹ ƠǀƽǻǮ ȀơƪƠ ǡǳȇǮ ƽȨǀƼ
ȄơǿƤǁƤ ơȇǷȇǮ ǹǾơƤ ȅǢȀƽǺơǣǶ

ǹǲȀơǮ ƩǲƠ ǹǮơǺȁȤǣǶ ȅƪǁȩǆ

ƠǀƠƼȀƠ ǸǁǷȠǻȨ

ǹǢƠȁƥǷȨ ȅƫȆȜȇƫǮƠ ǹǯǆȀǀȁǣǶ @
ǸƠƼ ȫȇǇǮȁƪ ơǇȇǆ ǽȩǷǆ

ǸƠƼ ȫȇƪơǷƫǇȇǆ ƠǀơȠǆ ǱƳȩȨ

ǽȩǷǆ ǹƪȁǢȁȨ ȅƪǁȩǆ ǰȀơǮǁƪ

ƠǀơȠǆ ơȇǷȇǮ ǹǾơƤ ơǇȇǆ ǸƠƼ

ȎơǮǁƤ

ƄƠ Ǹ ơƫȩȇȟ ǼǁȣȁǺƠ ǵǲơǞ ǽǳȆ ơȣǁǾ ȄȏȇǺ
Ɠ
Ɠ
Ɠ
6.3.1 ǁƫȇǯǆ ǵǲơǞ ǤƼơǾǁƪ ƢƼƠ ƢƠȁƲ ǰƠ ȁǆ
184

Bab 21 (183-188).indd 185 05-Sep-15 2:49:04 PM

ƢƼƠ

ǨȁǮȁȨ ǹǣƥǻȨ ȅƫȆȜȇƫǮƠ ǰȀơǣǶ @
ƠǀơȠǆ ǹǮȁǮȎƼ ơȆơȨȁǆ

ǰȀơǮǁƪ ǸƠƼ ǡȠǺƠǁƪ

ǁƫȇǯǆ ǵǲơǞ ȩƼơǾǁƪ ƢƼƠ ǹȨȇƫǻȬǮ

ǁȤǆ ƠǀƠƼȀƠ ȅƫǷǟǻǶ ƩȨƠƼ ý

Ɠ
ǹƫƷȇǏǮ ǸƠƼ Ǹ ƠǁƫǿƳǇǮ ǹȇǶơƳǻǶ ý
ƠǀơǿȇǳȨǁƪ ǵǲơǞ ǹǣƥǷȆƗǇǮ ý
ǹƫȨƠƽǻȨ ǁƥǶȁǆ ǹǯƫǯǣȇǻǶ ý

ƠǀơǿȇǳȨǁƪ ǱǯǮ ơǺÂƢǧ À¦® ¦°ȂǴǧ ƩƫȇƤơǾ ý

Ɠ
6.3.1 ǹȆ Ȏ ǡȆ ǁƫȇǯǆ ǵǲơǞ ǤƼơǾǁƪ ƢƼƠ ƠǀơǿȇǳǷǶ ǹǣȇƫǻȩǮ ǹǯȆƠǀơǻȘǶ ǸƠƼ ǡȠǻȇƤǁƤ ƽȆǀȁǶ ơƫǻȇǶ
6.3.2
185

Bab 21 (183-188).indd 184 05-Sep-15 2:48:37 PM

ȅƪơȇƶ ǸƠƼ ȆǸȀǧ ƢƼƠ

ǁƫȇǯǆ ǵǲơǞ ȩƼơǾǁƪ ƢƼƠ ǹǯȆơƤơȨǶ ƧƥǪơǞ

2 1
ȅȣơȨ ƩǶȏǆ ȅȣơȨ ƩǶȏǆ
ǁȇǶƠ ǩȇȠǺƠ
4
ǼƠȁƥǆƼ ǽƫȣ ÏǨȁǮȁȨ ǹǣƥǻȨ ȅƫȆȜȇƫǮƠ ƩȨƠƼǁƪ

ǽȩǷǆ ǹȆƼȁǷǮ ǠȁȩǷǮ ǠȁƲȁǾƼ ǠƼȎ ǹǮơƫȆǁȟ ǁȇǶƠ ǩȇȠǺƠ ǽȇǲȁƤ 3
Ɠ
ǹȆƠ Ǹ ƠƼƗǮ ȁƫȇǆƼ ǁǮơƤƼ ƨȁƥǆǁƪ Ǥǀơǆ ǸǁǷȠǻȨ ȚȁǮȎǁƤ ơȠǺȁȨ
ǵǲơǞ ǽǳƟǇǶ ȄơȣơƥǳȨ ȁǮȎǁƤ ǹǯƫƥǪơǟǣǶ ƩƥǪơǞ ǸƠƼ ǹȆƠ ȄơǢȁǆ
ǽǲơȆƠ ȚƠǀơƫǺƠ ǁƫȇǯǆ ǸǁƫȇǯǆǁȨ Ǹ ƠƼƗǮ ȚƠǁȇǯǆ
Ɠ
ǵǲơǞ ǹǳȇƤơƫǇǪƽȇƫǮ ý ǹƪȀǀȎǁƤ ǄȀǁƪ ȅǻȇȤƤ

ƠǀƠƼȀƠ ǸǁǷȠǻȫ ý
Ɠ
ǁȆ Ơ ǸǁǷȠǻȫ ý 5
ǹȫȀƽȇǾ ǸƠƼ ƩƫȇƤơǾ ǹǆȁȫȁȬǮ ý ǁȇǶƠ ǩȇȠǺƠ ǽȇǆơǮ ơǷȆǁƪ

ǅƳƲǁƪ ǨȀƼȀƽǻȫ ǹƫȫƠƽǻȫ ý

ǽǺơƪ ǹǇȇǮơǾ ý

6
ÏǴơǆ

ǹǆȁǶȀǀ

7:56 »ƠǁǞȊƠ Ʀǀȁǆ ȁǲǁȨ ǁƫȇǯǆ ǵǲơǞ ǤƼơǾǁƪ ƢƼƠ
ǄȀǁƪ ǵǲơǞ ǹȆǀơƫǇǳǮ ơȆơȨȁǆ ǹǯǳǷǞƼ
ƨƠȁƤǁƤ ȁǶơǮ ǽǳǻǢơƲ ǸƠƼ ȚƼȁǏǫǶ ǸơǇǺƠ Ǥơȇƫǆ ƩȆƠ ǽȇǲȀƠ ƠǀơǿȇǳȨǁƪ
ǹǮơȆƽȘǶ ƄƠ ǼƼȁǇǆ ȅǶȁƤƼ ǹǫǆȀǁǮ ǵǲơǞ ƠǀơǿȇǳǷǶ ǨȁƫǺȀƠ ƢƠȁƳǢȁȤǣƪǁƤ

Ɠ
ȚƠƽȨ ǹǫȆ ơƥǮ ƠȀơƥǷǶ ǡȆ ȎơȤǆ ȡǁǾǁƤ ƩǶƠ ǡȆ

6.3.3 ǅǳǮ ǹȨƼơǾƼ ƨȁƥǆǁƪ ȡȁǲơȆƼ ȝơƥǷǶ ƽȆǀȁǶ ơƫǻȇǶ
6.3.4
Ɠ
ǁƫȇǯǆ ǵǲơǞ ǤƼơǾǁƪ ƢƼƠ ǹǯȆơƤơǣǶ ƧƥǪơǞ ǡƫǻƪ ǹȆ Ȏ ƩǶȁǳǟǶ ǽƥǷǻǶ ƽȆǀȁǶ ơƫǻȇǶ 186
ƠƽǻȇǶ ơƫȨ ǹǯǳȇǎơƷǣǶ ǸƠƼ ǠȀơǇǆ ǹǶȎ ȄǁȆȏǶ ǹǢƼ

Bab 21 (183-188).indd 187 05-Sep-15 2:50:19 PM

ƢƼƠ ȪȇƪƠȘȁǻȆƠ ǹǶȎ

ǹǢƼ Ǵơǆ ơǶơǆǁƤ øǁƫȇǯǆ ǵǲơǞ ǹȇƪơǿȆǁȫ ƼƠȁǯǆù ŕȆȜȇƫǮƠ ǹǯǻǲơƲ 1

ǹǮƠǀ

1

2
ǁƫȇǯǆ ǹǆȀơǮ ǹǯǿȇǆǁƤ ȅƫȆȜȇƫǮƠ

ǁƫȇǯǆ ǵǲơǞ ƽȩǮ ƪǠǨǼǷ ǸƠȁƲȁƪ

șǻǯȆơƤơǣǶ ƧƥǪơǞ

ȎȁǷǆ ǁƫȇǮ ȅƫȆȜȇƫǮƠ 3
ǁƫȇǯǆ ǵǲơǞ ƽȩǮ ƪǠǨǼǷ ǸƠȁƲȁƪ

șǻǯȆơƤơǣǶ ƧƥǪơǞ

ǨȁǮȁȨ ǵǺơǻǶ ȅƫȆȜȇƫǮƠ

ǸƠȁƲȁƪ

șǻǯȆơƤơǣǶ ƧƥǪơǞ

ȅǶȁǺȁǯȆƠ ǹǮơǺơƳǻǶ ǽȇǲȁƤ ȎȁǷǆ ǁƫȇǮ ǹǳǷǞ ȄȏȇǺ

6.3.1 ǹǲȁȩǶȁǮ ơƪȁǯǢƠ ǹǢƼ Ǵơǆ ơǶơǆǁƤ ȅƫȆȜȇƫǮƠ ǹǯǻǲơƳǻǶ ƽȆǀȁǶ
6.3.2
187 6.3.3
6.3.4

Bab 21 (183-188).indd 186 05-Sep-15 2:49:42 PM

ǦȈƬǯ¦ ƠƽǻȇǶ ƢƼƠ

ǹǣȇƫǻȩǮ ǸƠƼ ǁƫȇǯǆ ǵǲơǞ ǤƼơǾǁƪ ƢƼƠ ǡƫǻƪ ǦȈƫơȆǁǮ ơƪȁǺ ȁƪơǆ ǹǯǳȇǎơƶ 1
ǅǳǮ ǵǲƠƼƼ șǻǯǣƫǻƤ ǹȆƼȁǷǮ ǁƫȇǯǆ ǵǲơǞ ǤƼơǾǁƪ ƢƼƠǁƤ

Ɠ
ƨȁǯȆƠǁƤ ǡȆ ǹǲƠ ȁǆ ƢƠȁƲ ǼȀơƤƼ ǁƥǷȣ ǹǮǁǆƠƼǁƤ 2

ǁƫȇǯǆ ǵǲơǞ ǤƼơǾǁƪ ƢƼƠ ǹǯȆơƤơǣǶ ƧƥǪơǞ ,
ǁǷȟǁƪ ƽȨǀƼ ȄơǢȁǆ ƠǀơǿȇǳǷǶ Ơǀơȟ ,,

ǸơȠǺǀ ǅȇǲȁǻǶ ǹǣȆƽǻƪǁȨ ȁƪơǆ ǹǮƠƼơǣǶ Ǵȏǆƚ ǹǫȆƽȆƽǻȨ ǸƠȁƪơǆǁȨ 3

Ɠ
Ɠ
ȅȨȆơǆ ȅǇǺ ơǶ ǹǮǀƽǆù ǨȁƲơƪǁƤ ǁƫȇǯǆ ǵǲơǞ ǹǢƼ ǹƫȆ ơǮǁƤ
øƩȇǮ ȅǶȁƤ

6.3.1 ǹǲȁȩǶȁǮǁƤ ƠǀơȠǆ ǦȈƫƢȇǂǯ ơƪȁǺ ǹǯǳȇǎơƷǣǶ ƽȆǀȁǶ ȁƫǻƤ
6.3.2 ǅǳǮ ƨȀƼȁǆƼ șǻǮǁȇǶơȩǷǶ ǸƠƼ ƨȁƥǆǁƪ ǸơȠǺǀ ǹǯǳȇǎơƷǣǶ ƽȆǀȁǶ ơƫǻȇǶ
6.3.3 188
6.3.4

Bab 21 (183-188).indd 189 05-Sep-15 2:50:52 PM

ƢƼƠ ǴƠȁǞ ƠƽǻƤ ơƪǁǾ ǽǲơȣơƲ ǸǁƲȏȫ

ǺǯǂȈǰȈǧ ǸƠƼ ǹǯȇƪơǾǁȫ

ǅƤ ǹȇƫǻǾǁȨ
ǽǲȁǯǆ

ÀȂǨȈǴȈƫ ǨȀƽǺȁȨ ƽƳǇǶ

Ɠ
ǹǻȆ ơǶǁȨ ǹǶơƪ

ǴơǆǁƤ ǩȇǳȇǶ ǴƠȁǞ ơƪǁǾ

ǁȆƿƥǷǶ Ǩƽȇƪ ƩǶǁȟ ơǺȁȣ

ȃǷǇȇǲƠƽǺț ǹƪƠȁƤǁȨ ȄǀƽǻȇǾ

ǁȇǮȀƠǁƪ ǴȁȘǆ ǄƠǀ ǡƥǷȇƪǁƤ

Ɠ
6.4.1 ǨȁƲơƪ ǹǢƼ șǻǯƫȆ ơǮ ǸƠƼ ƨȁƥǆǁƪ ǁƥǷȣ ǡƫǻƪ Ǹǀơǆ ǡƥǶȁǆ
Ɠ
189 ǹȆ Ȏ ǡȆ ǴƠȁǞ ƠƽǻƤ ơƪǁǾ ǼȁƫǺȁȟ ǹǯȆǁƥǷǶ ƽȆǀȁǶ ơƫǻȇǶ

Bab 22 (189-194).indd 189 05-Sep-15 4:14:53 PM

ȆǸȀǧ ǸƠƼ ȝơƤ ƢƼƠ

ǴƠȁǞ ơƪǁǾ ǹǮơǺȁȤǣǶ
ƩǶǁȟ ǹǢƼ 1

ǹǯȩƫƪƼ ǡȆ ǸǀȁƪƠǁȨ ȅǾȁƪơǷǶ 2

ơƪǁǾ ȩƼơǾǁƪ ƢƼƠ

ǴƠȁǞ ƠƽǻƤ

Ɠ
ǹȆ Ȏ ơǺȁȤǣȨ ǤƼơǾǁƪ ǄƠǀ ǡƥǷȇƪǁƤ 3

ǁȆƿƥǷǶ Ǩƽȇƪ 5
ǹǫǆȀǁǮ ȁǮȎǁƤ ȚƠǁȇǯǆ ƢƠȁƳǢȁȤǣƪǁƤ 4

ȅǇǺǁȇǲȁƪǁƤ ǸƠƼ ƢƠȁƳǢȁȤǣƪǁƤ ȄȏȇǺ

6.4.2 ǹǢƼơȟ ǹǯȆǁƤ ǸƠƼ ǹȇǳȩȇǇȆƼ ǹǲȀơǮ ȁǮȁƤ ǵǲƠƼ ǸǀȁȨȎ ƨƠȁƥǷǶ ƽȆǀȁǶ ơƫǻȇǶ
șǻȆơǇǳȘȨ 190
Ɠ
ƢƼƠ ǹǯǳǷǟǣǶ ǼƽȆ Ƣǧ ǡƫǻƪ ǹǮƠǀ ǹǢƼ Ǵơǆ ơǶơǆǁƤ ǡȠǻȇƤǁƤ ƽȆǀȁǶ ơƫǻȇǶ
ǴƠȁǞ ƠƽǻƤ ơƪǁǾ ǤƼơǾǁƪ

Bab 22 (189-194).indd 191 05-Sep-15 4:15:27 PM

ƢƼƠ ȆǸȀǧ ǸƠƼ ȅƫȇǳƪ

ƢƼƠ ǹǯǳǷǟȨǶ Ǩƽȇƪ ƧƥǪơǞ ǹǯǫǆȀǁǶ ǹƪƠȁƤǁȫ ȅǻȧơǻǶ Ơǀơȟ

ǴƠȁǞ ƠƽǻƤ ơƪǁǾ ȩƼơǾǁƪ ǴƠȁǞ ƠƽǻƤ ơƪǁǾ

ǸǁȆƿƥǷȨ ȁǮȎǁƤ 1 ǴơȣƠ ǹǫȆƽȆƽǻȨ ǹǯȆǁƥǷǶ 1

Ɠ
ǹȆ Ȏ ǠǀȀƠ ǹǯǿǆȁȘǶ 2 ơǺǀȁȩǷǆ ǡȆ
ǸƼȏƪ ǼȁƫǺȁȟ ǹǯǪȁƳǺȁǻǶ 2
ǩǆȀǀ ǹǾƼȁǷǮ ǩȗơƤ 3
Ɠ
ǩȆ ơƤ ǡȆ
ǽǻǆȁǶ ǸƠƼ

ǸǀȁȤƪ ǸƠƼ ƩƷȇǏǺ ǹǯȆǁƥǷǶ 3
ǽǳƤ ǽȠȨǁƤ ƩǮǀơǋǶ 4
ǡȆ ǹȇȩǷȇǮ ǹǮƠƼơǣǶ 4

ǅƳƲǁƪ ƠǀơȤǺ ȅǶȁǺȁǯȆƠ 5 ǹȆƠȁǇǆǁƤ

ǤƼơǾǁƪ ǹǆȀơǣȨ ǹǮȁǮȏǶ 5
ǴƠȁǞ ƠƽǻƤ ơƪǁǾ

ǤƼơǾǁƪ ǹȇƪơǿȆǁȨ ȧǯȇǆǁƤ 6
ƩǮǀơǋǶ ơƪȁǯǢƠ

6.4.4 ǴƠȁǞ ƠƽǻƤ ơƪǁǾ ǹǯǫǆȀǁǶ ǹƪƠȁƤǁȨ ȅǻǢơǻǶ ȫȆǁǶ Ơǀơȟ ǹǮơƫȆǁȠǻǶ ƽȆǀȁǶ ơƫǻȇǶ
191 ǹǿȇƪȎ ȁǮȁƤ ǵǲƠƼ șǻǯǇȇǲȁǻǶ ǸƠƼ

Bab 22 (189-194).indd 190 05-Sep-15 4:15:06 PM

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