ȅƪơȇƶ ǸƠƼ ȝơƤ ƦƽȇǫǞ
ƄƠ Ä Ƣǔȇ°® ȦȆ B- %!
"
CD3) ǹȫȀƽȇǿǮ
1
2 ƵDzơǎ ǡȆ ƠƼȁǷȨ ǠǀȀƗdž ȅǺǁǫDzƠ DžȆȀƖ
ǹǷȆƼ DZȤǣȇƪ ȀơȇdzƤ ƦƼơƥǞǁƤ ŚƲƠǀ ǸƠƼ
ƢǓǀ ȄǀơȠǻǶ ǨȁƫǺȀƠ ȚơǾ șȨȀƽȇǾ
Ɠ
ǡȆ ȁƥȆƠ ǠǀȀƗdž Ȅ ơȗȁȩǷǶ ȀơȇdzƤ ƄƠ
ƠǀơǿȇdzǷǶ ȀơȇdzƤ ǼȁȩǶȁDz ǸƠƼ Ơȁƪ ƩǢơdž
ȅƥǺ ȁǷƪǁƤ ŚǣȆƠǁƪ ƩǢơdž ȅǺǁǫDzƠ DžȆȀƖ ǩȆ ơƤ ƩǢơdž ǹǢƼ ȚơȣơƳǻǶ ǸƠƼ
Ɠ
ǹȩǷȇdžƼ șǻǻȇǣȆƗǮ ƧǻȆƽǶƼ U ƽǷƷǶ
ȅƪơǾ ȄơȩǷdž Ǩƽȇƪ ǸƠǁǮ ǴƽǻȨƼ ǸƠƼ ȄǀơǾ ȁƪƠȁdž ƽȨ 3
ƩȆƠ ǼȁȩǶȁDz ǸƠƼ Ơȁƪ ǡȆ ȚȁƥȆƠ ǹǯdzȤǣȇǻǶ ǹǯǻȆƿȆƠ ȁƥȆƠ
ȁǷƪǁƤ Ȅơdž
ǸƠȁƫǻƤ ơƫǻȇǷǶ ǸƠƼ ǀȁǯNJǁƤ DžȆȀƖ 4
ȡơƳǻǶ ǨȁƫǺȀƠ șǺřƲ ǸřƲ ƽȨǀƼ ƄƠ ǰȁdžǀ ǹǢƼ
ƧǻȆƽǷǮ ǩDzȁƪǁƤ ƠǁȤdž ȀơȇdzƤ ȚȁƥȆƠ
ǹǷȆ ȄǀƼ ȁƪơƤ ǹdžȁƪƠǀ ǩƫDzǁƪ ǡȆ
ƠƽǻȇȤƤ U ƄƠ ǰȁdžǀ ǽǶȀǀƼ șȆơȩǷLJdž
Ɠ
ǠǁȨ ǸƽȇǶƼ ƼƠǁƤ ǸƠǁǮ ǽǶȀǀƼ Ƽơȇƪ Ȅ ȁǷƪ ȁǯǫǺƠ ȄơǾƠȀ ǽdzȇȣǁȨ
ơȩǶȁƲǁƤ ǽdzƪ ȏȇƤơȨƠ U ƄƠ ǰȁdžǀ
ȅǺǁǫDzƠ DžȆȀƖ ǹƪƠȁƤǁȨ
6
ǽȇDzȀƠ ȅƲȁȨƼ ǹȆƠ ǡDzȁȨ ǽDzƠǁȤdž ƠƽǻȇȤƤ
ǸƠƼ U ƄƠ ǰȁdžǀ șƫƲơƶ ǸƠǁǮ ǽȆƽdž ƩǢơdž DžȆȀƖ 5
ƄƠ ǹǮơȇDzȁǶƼ ȀơȇdzƤ ȄơȨơȟǁƪ Ǩƽȇƪ U ƄƠ ǰȁdžǀ ȁǷƪǁƤ
ǰȁƥǫǶ ȚƓơǞƼ Ǥơȇƫdž ǹǯȆƼơƳǻǶ ǹǢƼ ǸơǷȆơȣơƥdž ǹǷȇǮ ǡDzȁȨ DžȤȣǁƤ ȀơȇdzƤ
ǹǺơǷȆƗǮ șǾȁȤǢȁLJdž ȚȁƥȆƠ ǹLJȨƼ
ǹdžȁǶȀǀ ƣȇLJƷDzƠ ƄƠ ǴơǺ ǤƼơǾǁƪ DžȆȀƖ
ƣȇLJƷDzƠ ƄƠ ǴơǺ ǹǢƼ ǸơǷȆƠǁƤ ƣƲƠȀ ƩȇǮ
ǹƪƠȁƤǁȨ Ǥơȇƫdž ƽȨ ȅƪơǾ ȅƪơǾǁƤ Ơǀơȟ ǹǢƼ ǩǺƠ ȄƼơƳǻǶ ơǿdžȀƠǁƤ ȀơȇdzƤ ǹǯƪƠȁƥǷǶ
Ɠ
ǀȁǯNJǁƤ ǡȆ ȅLJǺ ơǶ ȄƼơƳǻǶ ǸƠƼ ƩȇǮ ƄƠ ǽƫǻȆǁȨ ȅƫǞơǗǻǶ ǸƠƼ ƵDzơǎ ǡȆ
Ɠ
3.4.4 ȅǺǁǫDzƠ DžȆȀƖ ǽǏȇǪ ƽȨǀƼ ǀơƥƫǞƠ ǡƫǻƪ ƽȆǀȁǶ ǹǢƼ ƢƠȁƲ ǰƠ ȁdžǁƤ
3.4.6 Ɠ
ƣȇLJƷDzƠ ƄƠ ǴơǺ ƽȩǮ ǸơǷȆƠǁƤ ǹLJǮ ǹǢƼ ǀơƥƫǞƠ ǹǯƫȆ ơǮ 92
Bab 8 (88-100).indd 93 05-Sep-15 1:14:12 PM
ƦƽȇǫǞ ǦȈƫ¦ȘȂǼȇ¦ ǹǶȎ
øƄƠ ƢǓǀ ȄǀơȠǻǶù ȮȇƲȀǁȫ
ơLJǣǶ ȁƫǻƥǷǶ ȅȣơƤ ơǺƠƼ ǹǯƫȨƠƽǻǶ ǨȁƫǺȀƠ ǼȀơƤƼ ȅƫȆȜȇƫǮƠ ǹǮȁǮȎ 1
ȁǶơǮ ǽDzȁǯdžƼ ǁȇƳǻƤ
ơǻȩǷdž ǹDzƠȁƲ ȅƫȆȜȇƫǮƠ ǹǮȁǮȏǶ ȄơǮơȨǁƪ ǹȆơǮơȨ ǰȁȩǶȁǣǶ
ƠƼȁǶ ǸȀơǿdžȀƠ ȄǀơǾ
ǸƠƼ ǹƪƠȁǫǮ ȅǶơǮ ȄǁƤ ƄƠ ƄƽǷƷDzƠ
Ɠ
ǹȆ Ȏ ǠǀȀƠ ȁƫǻƥǷǶ ǨȁƫǺȀƠ ȅǪǂǀ
Ɠ
ǽdzǶȁƲ Ǹ ơƳǻdzƤǁȨ ǹƫȨƠƽǻȨ
RM30 00 ƨȁǷȇdzdž RM556
ȄȏǾ 3
ǹǢƼ ǀȁǯNJ ƄƽǷƷDzƠ
ǹǯǿȩǷȇDz ƄƠ ǡȆ ȅǪǂǀ
ǹǢƠȀƗǮ ǡȠǺƠǁǶ ǸƠȁƫǻƤ ǹǯǿȇȣơǣǶ
ǁƥǶȁdž ǹǮơǺȁȤǣǶ ǸƠƼ ǹdžȁƪȁȩǮ ƨƠȁƥǷǶ ǩƳȇƤ ȄȏȇǺ
3.4.4 ǠǀȀƗLJdž ȏȇƤơȨƠ ǸƠǁǮ øƄƠ ƢǓǀ ȄǀơȠǻǶù ǹǮơǶơǺƼ ǹȆƠ ȫȇƲȀǁȨ ƽȆǀȁǶ ƽȩǮ ǹǯLJdzƲ
3.4.6 Ɠ Ɠ
93 ƄƠ ȅLJȇdžƼ Ǹ ƢǔȇǁǮ ƩȨƠƽǻǶ ǹǮƠ ȄƼ ´Ȑƻ¦ ǹǢƼ ǹȆ Ȏ ǠǀȀƠ ȁƫǻƥǷǶ ơǿdžȀƠǁƤ
Ɠ
ǀȁǯNJ ǹdzǷǞ ǹǢƼ ƣȇLJƷDzƠ ƄƠ ƽȨǀƼ ǽȇDzȀƠǁȨƼ ǡȆ ƩǷǟǺ ǹǯƫȆ ơǣǶ ƽȆǀȁǶ ơƫǻȇǶ
Bab 8 (88-100).indd 92 05-Sep-15 1:13:54 PM
ǦȈƬǯ¦ ƠƽǻȇǶ ƦƽȇǫǞ
șǻǿǷƲǁƪ ǸƠƼ ƣȇLJƷDzƠ ƄƠ ǴơǺ ȅdzǫǺ DZȇDzƼ ȝơƤ 1
ǼȀơƤƼ ǨȁǮȁȨ ơƫȨ ǹǯȩǯǣDz 2
ƣȇLJƷDzƠ ƄƠ ǴơǺ
ƣȇLJƷDzƠ ƄƠ ǴơǺ ÏȅƫǪȁƤ ƄƠ ǴơǺ ȅǻȇǫȇǶ ǹLJǮ ƣȇLJƷDzƠ ŚƪǁǣȨ
ƣȇLJƷDzƠ
ǹǯǣȠǻȇƤ ƣȇLJƷDzƠ ƄƠ ǴơǺ ǡƫǻƪ ȁǶơǮ ǺǸȀǨǯ ǹǮǁdžƠƼǁƤ 3
ǹǿȇƪȎ ȁǮȁƤ ǵDzƠƼ ǹǣȠǻȇƤǁȨ DZȇǎơƶ Ʃƪơȟ ǸƠƼ ǼȀơƤƼ ȅdžƠȁƫȇdž
ƨȁǯȆƠǁƤ ǡȆ ƩǷǟǺ ǺǰƬǠǨǼǸǷ ƩȨƠƼ ȁǶơǮ Ơǀơȟ ǹǯǣȠǻȇƤ 4
Ɠ
Ɠ
ȅLJǺ ơǶ Ǹ ơƫȩȇȠǻȨ ǹǯȇǺȀƗǮ ý
ơƫLJǷdž ǵDzơǞ ǹǾƽǻȆƗǮ ý
3.4.1 ƽȆǀȁǶ ǹǺơǷȆƗǮ ǸƠƼ ǺǸȀǨǯ Ȣǣȇǿdž DžƪƖƼ ȅƫȆȜȇƫǮƠ ǹǮȁǮȏǶ ƽȆǀȁǶ ǡȇƥǷȇƤ
3.4.2
3.4.3 ǹǯǾȁǮȁǮƼ ƩȨƠƼ ƣȇLJƷDzƠ ƄƠ ǴơǺ ǤƼơǾǁƪ 94
3.4.4
3.4.5
3.4.6
Bab 8 (88-100).indd 95 05-Sep-15 1:15:06 PM
ƦƽȇǫǞ ? ! ;- E 3 - &
F 3 G 2 ƩȇǺȀƠ
ǹǮǂȈǰȈǧ ǸƠƼ ǹǯȇƪơǾǁȫ
ǀȁƪƠǁƪ ǡȆ ǵDzơǞ ǹȆƼơƳǮ
ÏƠƽǻƪ
ǸƠƼ ǹȧȁȣƗǮ
Ɠ
ƄƠ Ǹ ơȇDzȁǷǮ
Ɠ
ǹLJƪơƤ Ƽơȇƪ Ț ǨƽǻǿǮ ơǺǀȁȩǷdž ǡȆ Ǹ ơƫȩȇȠǻȨ
ȅǪǂǀ ȄǁƥǷȨ ǹǯȨȀƽȇǿǣǶ DŽƠȁǮǁƤ
ǹǯȇƪơǷǶ ǸƠƼ
DžƪƖƼ ÏǁƥǷȣ ǡƫǻƪ Ǹǀơdž ǡƥǶȁdž ȅƫȆȜȇƫǮƠ ǹǮȁǮȎ
95
Bab 8 (88-100).indd 94 05-Sep-15 1:14:25 PM
ȆǸȀǧ ǸƠƼ ȝơƤ ƦƽȇǫǞ
? ! ;- E 3 - &
F 3 G ƄƠ
1
ȝơƥǷǶ ȁDzȏdž ȅǶơǮ ǽȆƠ
2
ȅƪǀƠǁƤ ! " ! # $ " % &'(! $) * ƧȇDzơǞ ȅǢȀƽǺơǣǶ ǡȆ ŗLJƷDzƠ ƓơǷdžȊƠ
Ɠ
Ǹ ơȇDzȁǷǮ ǸƠƼ ǹǢȁȣƗǮ ȅǫȇdzȇǷǶ ƄƠ ! " ! # $ " % &'! $) * ƄƠ ǴơǺ
!
ŚDzơǯdž ȅƪȁȩȇdzǶ ǸƠƼ DŽƠȁDz ơǿǶ ǡȆ șǻȇƪǁǣȨ ǽǮơȨƠ ǽDzȁǯdžƼ
Ɠ
Ǹ ơȇDzȁǷǮ ǸƠƼ ǹǢȁȣƗǮ Ț ǨȁdzŰ
ǹǣȆƽǻƤ Ƽơȇƪ ƩȆƠ ƄƠ
3
Ɠ
ƄƠ Ǹ ơƫȩȇȟ șǾƽǻȆƠ ǸơdžƼ ƩǿȇDz ơƤȁȟ
ǩȆǀơǻǶ ȅǺǀȀ ơǺǀȀǁƤ ǸƠƼ ǴȀǀơǾ ǡȆ ÏơǢȁƤ
Ɠ
ơǺǀȀǁƤ ȎȁȨ ÏǸȀ ƠƼ ǽƥDz ǸƠƼ ÏơǶƠǀ ŚƪơǾǁȨ
ǹǾȁƥǶȁƪ șǿǷǯƶ ƼƠ ƩȆƠ ƠȁǷdž ȀơƳȇǾ
DžȇdžȀǁȨ ǹǯǻDzơƳǻǶ ǹǮƠ ǹȆƠ ȀơƳȇǾ
ǹǯdzȇǎơƷǣǶ ǨȁƫǺȀƠ DžȇLJƫǻȇdžȁƪȂǧ
ǸȁƤǁǮ ǹȆƠ DžȇdžȀǁȨ ǵDzƠƼ șǻƟȆǁƪȁǺ
ǹǮƠ ǹȤȇLJǮȀƠ ǸƠƼ ǤǁdžƼ ǹǮƠ ƠƽȇLJǮȁȆƼ
ǹǮƠ ǹȆƠ ǹȤȇLJǮȀƠ ǹȆƼȁǷǮ ǹǮǀƠȁdzǮƼ
Ɠ
ǸƠȁȇƶ ǸƠƼ ȅLJǺ ơǶ ǽȇDzȀƠ ȎȁȨ ǹǮơǺȁȣƼ
džǨǻǁƤ ǨȁƫǺȀƠ
ƄƠ ǹǢȁȣƗǮ ȅƪơȇƷǣǶ ȄȏȇǺ
3.5.1 ǹǯǣȠǻȇƤ ǸƠƼ ǴƠǁǮȌƠȀ ǰȏƳDzƠ Ȁƾ ƄƠ ǴơǺ ȅƪǀƠ ǡƫǻƪ ǹǣȠǻȇƤǁȨ ǹǮƠƼƠ
3.5.2
3.5.4 DždzǮ ǹȨƼơǾƼ 96
Ɠ
Ɠ
3.5.6 ƄƠ Ǹ ơȇDzȁǷǮ ǸƠƼ ǹǢȁȣƗǮ Ơƽǻƪ ǹȆ Ȏ ǼȁƫǺȁȟ ǹǯȆŏǷǶ ƽȆǀȁǶ ơƫǻȇǶ
Bab 8 (88-100).indd 97 05-Sep-15 1:15:59 PM
ƦƽȇǫǞ ƄƠ ǸơƷƥdž 4
ƩȇǮ ȁƥȆƠ ǶȀǧ ǼƼȁdž Ȅơdž 6
ȅǫȇdzȇǷǶ ƄƠ ƠȀơǿƤ ǸơǷȆƠǁƤ ƣƲƠȀ
5 ǹǢƼ ! " ! # $ " % &'(! $) * ǴơǺ
! "! # $ " % &'(! $) * ƄƠ ǴơǺ ÏȅƫǪȁƤ ƠǀơƫǺƠ ƩȆƠ ! Ɠ
!
ǵȇǯƶ ȚȎơȤdž ǹǮơƫȩȇȠǻǶ DŽƠȁǮǁƤ ơǿǶ ǡȆ ǹǢȁȣƗǮ Ȅ ȁǮơǣǶ ǸƠƼ ŘȇǫȇǶ
Ɠ
ơǿǶ ǡȆ ƄƠ Ǹ ơȇDzȁǷǮ ơƪǁdž
ƩȇǢȎƼ ¼ȂǴƼǷ ƠȁǷdž ƠȀơǿƤ ȁǶơǮ ǽǮȁǾơƪ DZǯǮ ǸƠƼ ơǺǀȁȩǷdž
Ơƽǻƪ ȡȁƲ ǹȆƠ ƄƠ ȅƲȁǷǶ ȅǶȁƤƼ ǸƠƼ
Ɠ
ƄƠ Ǹ ơȇDzȁǷǮ ǸƠƼ ǹǢȁȣƗǮ
! "! # $ " % &'(! $) * ƄƠ ǴơǺ ȅdzǫǺ DZȇDzƼ
!
ȃDzơǟƪȀ ǽǺơƷƥdž ƄƠ ÀƢǷǂǧ
55:26-27 ǹǷƶǁDzƠ Ʀǀȁdž
ƩȆƠ ȅǶȁƤ ȪȁǶƼ ƼƠ ǡȆ ȎơȤdž ȚƼȁǏǫǶ
ȁǷǻǾȁƪ ƨƠƾ ǽdzdzǯǮ ǹǮƠ ǸƠƼ DŽơǻȇƤ ǹǮƠ
Ɠ
Ɠ
Ǹ ơȇDzȁǷǮ ǸƠƼ ǸǁLJƥǮ Ȅ ơȗȁȩǷǶ ǡȆ
3.5.2 ȀƽȆȜȆƽǻȆƠ ƠǀơȠdž ȚƼȁǏǫǶ ǹǯȆƠǀȁǿǣǶ ǹȆƼȁǷǮ ȅdzǫǺ DZȇDzƼ ȝơƥǷǶ ƽȆǀȁǶ ơƫǻȇǶ
3.5.3 ǹDzȁȩǶȁǮǁƤ ǸƠƼ
97 3.5.5
Ɠ
Ɠ
3.5.6 ǴƠǁǮȌƠȀ ǰȏƳDzƠ Ȁƾ ƄƠ ǴơǺ ǹǢƼ ǹƫȆ ơǮǁƤ ǹȆ Ȏ ǡȆ ȅdzǫǺ DZȇDzƼ ȄǀơȠǻǶ ƽȆǀȁǶ ǡȇƥǷȇƤ
ơƪǁdž ǹǢȁȣƗǮ ÏȅƫǪȁƤ ȅƫLJȨ DZǻǣǶ ƽȆǀȁǶ ơƫǻȇǶ ǹȆƼȁǷǮ DždzǮ ǀƠȁDzƼ ǹȇƪơǾǁǷȨ ƨƠȁƤ
Ɠ
ƄƠ Ǹ ơȇDzȁǷǮ
Bab 8 (88-100).indd 96 05-Sep-15 1:15:29 PM
ȅƪơȇƶ ǸƠƼ ǹǯȇȚơȚ ƦƽȇǫǞ
I ? ! ;- E 3 - &
F 3 G ƄƠ ǴơǺ ȅǻȇǫȇǶ ǹLJǮ C 1
2
Ɠ
Ț Ǹ ơȇDzȁǷǮ ƄƠ ǹǢȁȣƗǮ
Ɠ
Ț Ǹ ơȇDzȁǷǮ ƄƠ ǹǢȁȣƗǮ
ȅǺơǷȆƠ ƩȇǮ ƣƲƠȀ
C
! "! # $ " % &'! $) *
2X
2X
ȄǁȆƼ ǵDzƠƼ ǹLJǮ ȄŏǷǶ
ơȇDzȁǶ ǡȆ ƄƠ ǴơǺ
G Ț ǽƫǻȆǁȨ ŕǞơǗǻǶ 4 G ƩƥȇǾ ơǿǶ ƄƠ ǹȇǫȆ 3 G
Ɠ
Ț ǹǢǀȎ ȅǾȀ ơƳǻǶ
ǞǓ¦Ȃºƫ ƪǨȈǏ ȅǫȇdzȇǶ ǹǣȆƽǻƪ Ƽơȇƪ Ț ǹƫƥȇǿǮ
É È
È
Ț ƩǷǟǺ ȄǀȁǯNjǻǶ Ț ơƥǷǾ ȚơǾ ƩȇǮ ȆǧơǏǺƠ
ŕǷƶǀƼ ȅǿȇdžơǮƼ Ț ǹǢȁDzȁƪǁȨ ǤǀơǿǣǶ
ơdžƠ ơǿǶ ǡȆ ǹǾȁƪ ƄƠ J Q
ȂǨǼȇ¦
ǹdžȁǶȀǀ
ƄƠ ǴơǺ ǹǢƼ ǸơǷȆƠǁƤ ƣƲƠȀ ƩȇǮ ȄǁȆƼ ǼƽǺǁǶ ǽDzơȆƠ ǞǓ¦Ȃƫ
ȅǫȇdzȇǷǶ ƄƠ ! "! # $ " % &'! $) * ǼȁǯǢƠ Ǩƽȇƪ ǸƠƼ
Ɠ
Ɠ
Ǹ ơȇDzȁǷǮ ǸƠƼ Ǹ ơǺǀȁȩǷLJǮ ȎơȤdž
Ț ǹǣȆƽǻƤ Ƽơȇƪ ǡȆ
ǞǓƠȁƪ ƪǨȈǏǁƤ DŽơȇƫǻdž ȄȏȇǺ
3.5.4 șǻǢƼ ǹȆƠȁLJdžǁƤ ǡȆ ȀơƪƠ øǴȏdž ǹǯȩȟȀƠù ơǶƠǁȆƠ ƨȁǯȇǣǶ DžƪƖƼ ȁȣȎ ǹǯȇȗơȗ
3.5.6
Ɠ
ǹȆ Ȏ ǹLJǮ ǹǯȆŏǷǶ ƽȆǀȁǶ ơƫǻȇǶ ǹȆƼȁǷǮ ƽȇNjǺ ƽȨǀƼ ǡȇƫǻȨ ÏȅLJȆƠ ǹǯǣȠǻȇƤ 98
¿¦ǂǯȍ¦Â ¾Ȑƴºdz¦ ¯ ƄƠ ǴơǺ ŘȇǫȇǶ
Bab 8 (88-100).indd 99 05-Sep-15 1:17:08 PM
ƦƽȇǫǞ ǦȈƫƠȘȁǻȆƠ ǹǶȎ
I
? ! ;- E 3 - &
F 3 G ǁƫdžȁȫ
! "! # $ " % &'! $) * ŖdžȁȨ ǹǯdzȇǎơƶ 1
ǹǮȁǮȎ ȄǀơǶ ! "! # $ " % &'! $) * ƄƠ ǴơǺ ȅƫǪȁƤ
Ɠ
ƄƠ ǴơǺ ŕǪȁƤ ŏǷȣ ȄǀơȠǻǶ ý ǸȁȇdzȇƤ 23 ȅǢȀƽǺơǣǶ ȅLJǺ ơǶ ǩƪȀƠ
ƩǶȁdzǟǶ ǸƠƼ ! "! # $ " % &'! $) * ǹǢƼ ǠȁƥǶơdžǁƤ ȁƪơdž Ǥơȇƫdž ǸȀǀȁȇǺ
Ɠ
Ɠ
ǠȀơLJdž ǹǶȎ ƽȨǀƼ șǻǢƼ ǹƫȆ ơǮǁƤ ƄƠ ǹȆ Ȏ ǡȆ ǸȀǀȁȇǺ ȁƥȆǀ 10 ǁȇȩǷǾ
ǡȆ ƩǶȁdzǟǶ ǸƠƼ ǁƥǷȣ ǩƫȇȠǻǶ ý ȅƫȆȜȇƫǮƠ ǰȀơǣǶ ǨȁƫǺȀƠ ǩƪȀƠ ơƫȩȇȠǻǶ
ǽȇDzȀƠǁȨƼ ƩǣȇǣǶ ǸƠƼ ȅǷǿǷǶ ȅƪǁȩdž DZƫǻȇǶ
ǩȆǀơǻǶ ǡȆ ǁƫdžȁȨ ǹǯdzȇǎơƷǣǶ ý ǨȁƫǺȀƠ ȡȁƲ ǩƪȀƠ ȅLJǢȂǧ
Ɠ
Ǹ ơƪơȘǮ ǹȨơȨƼ ǁƫdžȁȨ ǹǮǁȇǶơȩǷǶ ý ȁǮȎ ǽǯǣȇƪ ǰȀơǣǶ
DždzǮ ǸƠƼ ơȆǀƼ ȅdžȁǷȆƠ
ǸƼơƤ ǹǣƥǷȆƗLJǮ
ǽdzƪ ǡȆ ǁƫdžȁȨ ǹǮȀƽǻȨǁƤ DždzǮ ǵDzƠƼ Ǹǀơdž ǡƥǶȁdž ȅƫȆȜȇƫǮƠ ǹǮȁǮȎ 2
Ɠ
! "! # $ " % &'! $) * ƄƠ ǴơǺ ƽȩǮ ǹǺơǷȆƗǮ ǹǢƼ ǹǯƫȆ ơǮ ǸƠƼ ǹǯdzȇǎơƶƼ
Ɠ
ǹǢƼ ǸơǷȆƠǁƤ ǹLJǮ ǹǢƼ ǹǯƫȆ ơǮ ǸƠƼ ǼȀơƤƼ ȅdžƠȁƫȇdž ǹǯǣȠǻȇƤ 3
! "! # $ " % &'! $) * ƄƠ ǴơǺ
ȎȁȨ ȁǶơǮ ǽȆƠ DžǺơȨ ǵǶƼ ǸƠǁǮ DZƫȇȩdžȁǿǮ ǹǯǪȁdžơǶƼ ǽdzƪ ȁǶơǮ ȁƥȆƠ
ǹǮȀƽǻȆǀ DžȇǢơǻǶ ȁDzȏdž ȁǶơǮ ǩȆƼƠ DZƫȇȩdžȁǾƼ ȁƥȆƠ ȅǻǷǻǶ ơLJǫȨǁƪ
ȅȣȎ ÏǽȇƥDz ȁǮȎǁƤ ǡȆ ƠǀơǮǁȨ ǹǢƼ ǡƥǷȇƤ ǸƠƼ ǽȆƽdž ƩǢơdž ȁǶơǮ ȁƥȆƠ
ȄǁȤǺ ƩǯǣȆǁȨ ǹƶǁNJ ǹǣȆƽǻƪǁȨ ȅȨƼơǿǣǶ ǹǮƠ ȁǶơǮ ǹȨƼơǾ ȁȤǣȇǶ
3.5.2 ƄƠ ȅƫǪȁƤ ǡƫǻƪ ƩǶȁdzǟǶ ȄǀơȠǻǶ ǸƠƼ DžƪƖƼ ȅƫȆȜȇƫǮƠ ǹǮȁǮȏǶ ƽȆǀȁǶ ǡȇƥǷȇƤ
3.5.3 ƵȇƷǎ ǡȆ ǁƥǶȁdž ƽȨǀƼ ǴƠǁǮȌƠȀ ǰȏƳDzƠ Ȁƾ ǴơǺ ȅǫȇdzȇǷǶ
99 3.5.4
3.5.5 Ȁǀȁȣ ǸƠȁƫǻƤ ǹǢƼ VLE ǸǁƲȏƥǷȨ ǹǶȎƼ ơƲǁǮ DZȇǎơƶ ȅLJǢȁǮǁƤ ƽȆǀȁǶ ǹǯǫDzơȣ
3.5.6
Bab 8 (88-100).indd 98 05-Sep-15 1:16:28 PM
ǦȈƬǯ¦ ƠƽǻȇǶ ƦƽȇǫǞ
ǹǯȆƠǀȁǾ 1
! " ! # $ " % &'(! $) * ŚƪǁǣȨ
! " ! # $ " % &'(! $) * ƄƠ ǴơǺ ȅǻȇǫȇǶ ƼȁǏǫǶ
ǴơǺ ȅǫȇdzȇǷǶ ƄƠ ǹǯǪȁŲȁǻǶ ǡȆ ȚƼȁǏǫǶ ǸƠƼ ȅdzǫǺ DZȇDzƼ ȝơƤ 2
ǹǮƠǀ ǹǢƼ Ǵơdž ơǶơdžǁƤ ! " ! # $ " % &'(! $) *
. ! " ! # $ " % &'(! $) * ƄƠ ǴơǺ ŘȇǫȇǶ ǹLJǮ ǹǯȆƠǀơǻdž 3
Ɠ
Ɠ
ǞǓ¦Ȃƫ ƪǨȈǏ Ǹ ơȇDzȁǷǮ ǹǯǣȠǻȇƤ ǼȀơƤƼ Ǹ ơƪơȗǁȨ ǹǮȀƽǻȨǁƤ 4
Ɠ
ǹǯdzǷǟǣǶ ǽƾȇ Ƣǧ ǸƠƼ U ƽǷƷǶ ȅƥǺ ǽȇDzȀƠ ǹǯǪȁƳǺȁƪƼ ǡȆ ǸơǷȆơȣơƥdž
ǹȨȀƽȇǿǮ ǵDzƠƼ ǹȆƠ ƪǨȈǏ
ȅǫȇdzȇǷǶ ƠƽǻȇȤƤ ƠǀơȤǺ ǹȇȩǷȇǷȨ ǸƠƼ ǰȁdžǀ ǠǀȀƗdž ǹǮơȨȀǁǶ U ƽǷƷǶ ȅƥǺ
ȅǣȆǁȇǣǶ ǸƠƼ ƩȇǮơdž ǠǀȀƠ ȅǾǀơȆǃǻǶ Ȫȁdž ƠƽǻȇȤƤ ơdžơȇƤ ǀƠȁDz ǡȆ ǞǓ¦Ȃƫ ƪǨȈǏ
Ȫȁdž ǸƠƼ ǩȆȁǮ ǡȆ ƠƽǻȇȤƤ ȁƲơƤ ȄǁȆƽǻdž ƩȇǾơƳǻǶ ȡȁƲ ƠƽǻȇȤƤ ǼǂơǻƲ
ÏǩǺơǮ ǸƠƼ Ơȁƪ ǠǀȀƠ ƽȩǮ ǸȁȨȀȎƠȀ Ǵȏdž ȄŏǷǶ
ǹǯdzǷǞ ǸƠƼ ȆǸȀǧ 5
ǸȁǶơǺ ǹLJȇDzƼ ǹǣȆǀ ǡȆ ǽǷdzǮ ƠȀƼ ƼƠ ƼȁǏǫǶǁƤ ǡȆ ƠƽƥdžǁƤ U ƄƠ ǰȁdžǀ
Ɠ
Ɠ
ƩȆ ơȆ ƄƠ Ȅ ơƫǻȇȟƼ ȚƠȀƼ ƠȀƽǮ ǸƠƼ ȚȎơǿȨ ǸǁƳǻȣ ǹǣƥǷȇƪƼ ƨǁƤ
# - H1 Ú ƄƠ
I - J- K - '23 Ú ƄƠ
I
-
ǵdzLJǶȀ Ä°ƢƼƦdz¦ ƧȆƠȀǀ
3.5.1 ȅǻȇǫȇǶ ǸƠƼ ȅǷǿǷǶ ƩȨƠƼ ƽȆǀȁǶ Ȣǣȇǿdž DžƪƖƼ ȅƫȆȜȇƫǮƠ ǹǮȁǮȏǶ ƽȆǀȁǶ ǡȇƥǷȇƤ
3.5.2
3.5.3 ¿¦ǂǯȍ¦Â ¾Ȑƴºdz¦ ¯ ƄƠ ǴơǺ 100
3.5.4
3.5.5
3.5.6
Bab 8 (88-100).indd 101 05-Sep-15 1:17:36 PM
Ɠ
ƦƽȇǫǞ ȮȆǁȇNJ ȅǾȀ ơƲ ǸǁƲȏȫ
DZǯǣƪ ȀơƪƠ ƧǷȆǃǞ ǵȇǯƶ ǁǻƤ ǺǯǂȈǰȈǧ ǸƠƼ ȝơƤ
Ɠ
ǹǾơƤ ȀơƪƠ ǹȆ ơǮ DžƪǁǮ ǽDzơȗơǾ
Ɠ
Ɠ
ǹLJȇDzȁƪ Ȅ ơȗȁȩǷǶ ǡȆ ǹȆ Ȏ ǸơȠǺǀ ƩǿȇDz ǼƾơƫdžƠ
ƧǷȆǃǞ ȄơǮơǷǶ ǡȆ ǠǀȀƠ ȁƫǻƪǁƪ ƧǷȆǃǞ ȄơǮơǷǶ ǹȆƠ
Ɠ
Ȅ ơȗȁȩǷǶ ǹȆƠ ƠƽǻƤ ƠȀơǿƤ ȄơȟǁȨ ƦƽȇǫǞ ǹǯǫdžȀǁǶ ǽȇDzȁƤ
ƪǠǨǼǷ ǹǯȆǁƥǷǶ ƩȨƠƼ ȅƫǫdž ǹǯLJdzƲ ǼƾơƫdžƠ ǽȇDzȁƤ
ǸƠƼ ȄǁȆƽǻdž ȄǁȆƼ ƽȩǮ
Ɠ
ǹȆ Ȏ ǠǀȀƠ ǺǰƫǂǔǸǷ
ȄơȟǁȨ ǠǀȀƗLJdž ȏȇƤơȨƠ
ƩȨƠƼ ƧǷȆǃǞ ƠȀơǿƤ
ǹǮȁƫǻǻǶ ƩȇǮơȘȨ ǹǯǾȁƥǷȘǶ
Ɠ
șȇǢȀƽǻȇdzǶ ǸƠƼ Ǹ ơȆơƳǮ
ǹǯƥƥȘǶ ǡȆ ǽDzȁƫȆƠ ȄơǿƤ ƽȨǀƼ
ǹȆƠ ǹƪƠȁƤǁȨ ƦƽȇǫǞ șǫdžȀǀ
ȫȆǁȇNJ ǹǮơǶơǺƼ
ǹǯǾȁƥǷȘǶ DŽƠȁǮǁƤ ơǿǶ ƄƠ ǽǯǻǮȁƤ
Ɠ
ǵȇǯƶ ȁǶơǮ ǩƳȇƤ ƩȩǷƪ ǸƠƼ Ǹ ơȆơƳǮ ȁƫǻǻȨ ƩȇǮơȘȨ
ÏƨơǮ ǁǻƤ ǡǷȇǶ ǼƾơƫdžƠ ǹǢȀƽǻȇDzǁȨ ǸȁǾȁǷǶ ƩȇǮ
ƩȆƠ ȁǶơǮ
Ɠ
Ɠ
3.6.3 ǨȁƲơƪ ǹǢƼ ǹǯƫȆ ơǮ ǸƠƼ DŽ ȫȇƪ ǡƫǻƪ ƽȆǀȁǶ ǹǢƼ ƢƠȁƲ ǰƠ ȁdžǁƤ
3.6.5 ǹȨȀƽȇǿǮ ǵDzƠƼ ƧǷȆǃǞ Ȅ ơȆơȟǁȩǷǶ ǹLJǮ ǡƫǻƪ ǹDzȁȩǶȁǮ ǹǣȠǻȇƤǁȨ ƨƠȁƤ
Ɠ
101
Bab 9 (101-107).indd 101 05-Sep-15 1:42:09 PM
ȆǸȀǧ ǸƠƼ ȝơƤ ƦƽȇǫǞ
ȮȆǁȇNJ ƼȁǏǫǶ
Ɠ
ǹȆ Ȏ ǡȆ ȁƪƠȁLJdž ǹǢƼ ƄƠ ǹǮȁƪȁǯȘǶ ǹƪƠȁƤǁȨ ǽDzơȆƠ ȫȆǁȇNJ
Ɠ
ǸƠƼ ǹƪƠȁƤǁȨ Ǹ ơƪơǮǁȨ ǹǢƼ ƼƠ Ǵơdž ȁǮȎǁƤ ǽȇDzȁƤ ȫȆǁȇNJ
ǹȆƠ ǹƪƠȁƤǁȨ ǴƠǁƶ ǽDzơȆƠ ƄƠ ǹǯǯȆǁȇNjǻǶ Ǵȁǯƶ ƼơǫƫǞƠ
ǹǯȇƳǻƲƼ ơƪǁdž ǁLJƤ ǡȇDzơȨ ǡȆ ơdžȀƼ Ȅơȣơƥdž ǹǯȆǀȁȤƪơǮƼ
ƠȀƼ ƽȩǮ ȅȣơǿƤǁƪ ȫȆǁȇNJ ǽȆƽȨ ǡȆ ƢƠƿǞ ǹǢƼ
B-
M ȮȆǁȇNJ ǸƠƼ B- 6N ȮȆǁȇNJ
L
L
ȅdzǫǺ DZȇDzƼ
2:22 ƦǁǫƥDzƠ Ʀǀȁdž
Ǡǀơƥdž ƄƠ ȅȣơƤ ǹǮƠƼơǣǶ ȁǶơǮ ǽdzǻǢơƲ ȫǶ ȚƼȁǏǫǶ
Ɠ
ǽDzơȆƠ ƄƠ ƠȀơǿƤ Ț Ȅ ȁǾơƫǣǶ ƠȁǷdž ȁǶơǮ ǰơƶ ƽȨ ȁƪȁǯdž
ơdžƠ ơǿǶ ǡȆ ǹǾȁƪ
ǹƪƠȁƤǁȨ ǽDzơȆƠ ȫȆǁȇNJ ǼƾơƫdžƠ
ȄǀƽǻȇǾ ƩȇǮ ȅƫLJǶ ǡȆ
ƩȇǮ ȅǢȀƽǻȇdzǶ ƄƠ ȡȁǷdž
Ɠ
ȫȆǁȇNJ ÏƠǀơǮǁȨ ƽȨǀƼ ȫȆǁȇNJ ȅǾȀ ơƳǻǶ ȄȏȇǺ
Ɠ
3.6.1 Ǹ ơƪơǮǁȨ ȅȤdž ȄǀƼ șǾȁƫǺȁȟ ǸƠƼ ȫȆǁȇNJ ȅƪǀƠ ǡƫǻƪ ǹDzȁȩǶȁǮ ǹǣȠǻȇƤǁȨ ƨƠȁƤ
3.6.2
3.6.3 ƼơǫƫǞƠ ǸƠƼ ǹƪƠȁƤǁȨ 102
Ɠ
ǹȆ Ȏ ǡȆ ȅdzǫǺ ÏDZȇDzƼ Ȅǀơȟ ǹȆƼȁǷǮ șǻǿǷƲǁƪ ǸƠƼ ȅdzǫǺ DZȇDzƼ ȝơƥǷǶ ƽȆǀȁǶ ơƫǻȇǶ
Ȁǀȁȣ ǸƠȁƫǻƤ ǹǢƼ
Bab 9 (101-107).indd 103 05-Sep-15 1:43:13 PM
ƦƽȇǫǞ ȅƫȇdzƪ ǸƠƼ ȝơƤ
Ê
ȆǴƳ ȮȆǁȇNJ
Ë È
B- 6N ȮȆǁȇNJ
L
Ɠ
ȀơƪƠ Ȅ ơȆơȟǁȩǷǶ ǽDzơȆƠ N" . ȫȆǁȇNJ
=
Ɠ
Ɠ
ƄƠ ǹȆ ȏdž ǹȆ Ȏ ǹǾȁƪ ȚƠƼƠ ƠȀơǿƤ ȁǮơǣǶ
Ɠ
N" . ȫȆǁȇNJ ơdžƠ ǡȆ ƄƠ ǹȆ ȏdž ǽƥǷȘǶ ȀơƪƠ
=
ǁLJƤ ȫȆǁȇNJ ǹǢƼ ȡȁƲ ȅdzǻǮƼ
Ɠ
ȥǀȀƗLJdž ƠȀơƥǷǶ ȦȆ Ǹ ƠƼƗǮ ǼȁƫǺȁȟ
B- 6N ȮȆǁȇNJ ƽȬǮ
L
Ɠ
ÏǹȆ Ȏ ȀơƪƠ ǹDzȁƤ ȄǀơǾơƪơǶ ȎơǾǁƤ ǽƥǷȘǶ
Ɠ
ƄƠ ǹȆ ȏdž ǹǢȁDzȁƪǁȨ ǸƠƼ ƓơǞƼ ơƫǻȇǷǶ
ǹǯdzǷǟȨǶ ȦȆ ȥǀȀƠ ƧƥǪơǞ
ȅÊ dzƲ ȮȆǁȇNJ
È
Ë
ƦƽȇǫǞ ǹǯǫdžȀǁǶ )
ƄƠ ǹǢƼ ǹǢȁƫǻȣǁȨ ǡdzȇǾ )
Ɠ
ƄƠ Ȅ ơǮǀȁǶƼ ǸƠƼ ǁLJƤ ơdžȀƼǁƤ )
ȪƠǁǺ ȅȨƠ ǵDzƠƼ DZǯǮ )
Ɠ
3.6.3 ȄơǿƤ ȅǷǿǷǶ ƽȆǀȁǶ Ȣǣȇǿdž DžƪƖƼ ǡȇƫǻȨ ÏȅLJȆƠ ǡƫǻƪ ƽȆǀȁǶ ǹǢƼ ƢƠȁƲ ǰƠ ȁdžǁƤ
3.6.4
103 3.6.5 ȅdzƲ ȫȆǁȇNJ
ƽȩǮ ǠǀȀƗLJdž ƠȀơƥǷǶ ǽȇDzȁƤ ǡȆ Ǹ ƠƼƗǮ ǹȆ Ȏ ÏǼȁƫǺȁȟ ǹǯȆǁƥǷǶ ƽȆǀȁǶ ơƫǻȇǶ
Ɠ
Ɠ
ȅdzƲ ȫȆǁȇNJ
Bab 9 (101-107).indd 102 05-Sep-15 1:42:46 PM
ȆǸȀǧ ǸƠƼ ŕȇdzƪ ƦƽȇǫǞ
B-
M ȮȆǁȇNJ
L
B-
M ȮȆǁȇNJ
ǹȨƼ ȁǮƠ ȅƲȁȨ ȅƫLJǶ ǩǶ L
Ʀȏǎ ǹȇƲƠǀ ƣƥdž ÏǩȆƼƠ Ǩƽȇƪ ǽDzơȆƠ N" P6 ȫȆǁȇNJ
=
ȅǾ ȅǾ ȅǾ ǩdzǗǶ ǡȆ Ȅơȣơƥdž ƄƠ ǹǯǫƫdzǶ
ƦƼơƥǞǁƤ ȫȇƫǮ ƧȇǺ ǵDzƠƼ
ȡȁƲ ȅdzǻǮƼ ǹȆƠ ȫȆǁȇNJ
DZȇȠǮ ȫȆǁȇNJ ǹǢƼ
ǹǯdzǷǟȨǶ ȦȆ ȥǀȀƠ ƧƥǪơǞ
Ê
ȆǨƻ ȮȆǁȇNJ
È
Ë
ȎơǿȨ ǹǯdžȁȨơǿǣǶ )
ǹdzǷǞ
Ɠ
ǹǢƽǻȨ ơǷȆǁǻǶ ǁǮȁdž ) ȥǀȀƗLJdž ƠȀơƥǷǶ ȦȆ Ǹ ƠƼƗǮ
Ɠ
ǹȆ Ȏ ǠǀȀƠ B-
M ȮȆǁȇNJ ƽȬǮ
L
ǹǾȁdžȁǶǁȨ ǹǯDzȁƥǷȇǻǶ ) Ɠ
ƩȆ ơȆ ƦƼơƥǞ ǵDzƠƼ ƓơȆǀ
ƩǮǀơNjǶ ȅȠǻƤƼ )
ƦƼơƥǞ ȁƪƠȁLJdž ǹǮȁǮȏǶ
ơdžƠ DŽȁƪȁȨǁƤ ǼƼȁǶ )
ƨơǶ ƨơǷdž ƄƠ ǸƠǁǮ ǹǮȁƤ
ǹǮȁǮȏǶ ǠǀȀƗLJdž ȅƪǁȩdž
ȀơƪƠ ǹȇƲȁȨ ȁǾơǶ ǸƠǁǮ ƦƼơƥǞ
ƩǮǀơNjǶ ǵDzƠƼ ƩȩǷƪ
ǹdzǷǞ Ǥơȇƫdž ǵDzƠƼ ´Ȑƻ¦ ȄȏȇǺ
3.6.3 ȚƠƽȨǀƼ ƧƥǪơǞ ǸƠƼ ȆǨƻ ȫȆǁȇNJ ǡƫǻƪ ƨȁƳǻDz ǽȇƥDz ǹǣȠǻȇƤǁȨ ǹǮȁǮȎ
3.6.4 Ɠ
3.6.5 ƓơȆǀ Ǹ ơdžƠǁȨ ȅLJƪơǣǶ Ơǀơȟ ǡƫǻƪ ǴơȣƠ ǼȁǮȁƪ ǹǢƼ ǰƠȁƤ ȁǷƪ ǹǯǻDzơƳǻǶ ƽȆǀȁǶ ơƫǻȇǶ 104
Ɠ
ƓơȆǀ ƩȇǮơȘȨ ȅǾȀ ơƳǻǶ ǨȁƲơƪǁƤ Ǥǁǯdž ȁǮȁƤ ǹǯdzȇǎơƶ ǹȆƼȁǷǮ
Ɠ
ȅƪơǾ ǵDzƠƼ ƓơȆǀ Ǹ ơdžƠǁȨ DžƫǻȇDzǁƪ ȚƠǁȇǯdž ǂǨǤƬLJƠǁƤ ƠǁȤdž ơȆơȨȁdž ƽȆǀȁǶ ǹǯƫǣȆƠ
Bab 9 (101-107).indd 105 05-Sep-15 1:44:01 PM
ƦƽȇǫǞ ȅƪơȇƶ ǸƠƼ ȅƫȇdzƪ
U ƽǷƷǶ ȅƥǺ ƽȬǮ ljȆǁǪ ǹȇǮǁNjǶ ǴȁǪ ǸǀȀơƪ
ǹȇǮǁNjǶ ǹDzȁȩǶȁǯdž ȅǣƪƠƼƼ U ƽǷƷǶ ȅƥǺ ȄǀơǾ ȁƪƠȁdž ƽȨ
U ƽǷƷǶ ȅƥǺ ơƫǻȇǷǶ ȫȆǁǶ ƄƠ ǹǯǯȆǁȇNjǻǶ ȅƥǺ ơƫǻȇǷǶ ǡȆ ljȆǁǪ
ǹȆƼȁǷǮ ǸȁǾơƫdž ơǶȏdž ȎơǾǁƤ ǽƥǷȘǶ ǸƠƼ ȫȆǁǶ ǴơȣƠ ǨȁdzǷǶ ǁȣƠ
ǹǮƠ ȅƳǻƲǁƤ ȡȁƲ ȫȆǁǶ ȎȁǷdž Ǵȏdžƚ ǴơȣƠ ǨȁdzǷǶ ȅDzơƥǷǮ
ȫȆǁǶ ǹȆƼȁǷǮ ǸȁǾơƫdž ơǶȏdž ƄƠ ǽƥǷȘǶ ǸƠƼ Ǵȏdžƚ ǴơȣƠ ǨȁdzǷǶ
ȫȆǁǶ ǡȆȁǶ ǩȇǻȇǺ ǴơȣƠ ƽȩǮ ȎȁǷdž ȅDzơƥǷǮ ǹǮƠ
ơƪǁǾ ǹǯǿȆƽǿǣǶ ǹǮƠ ȅƳǻƲǁƤ ȡȁƲ ǹȆƠ ljȆǁǪ ǹȇǮǁNjǶ ǴȁǪ
ǠǀȀƠ ƠƽǻȇȤƤ ǹǯȆƼơƳǻǶ ǸƠƼ U ƽǷƷǶ ȅƥǺ ƽȩǮ ǩȗơƤ ƩǢơdž ǡȆ
Ɠ
ȫȆǁǶ Ǹ ơƫǻȇǶǁȨ ǹǢƼ ȁƲȁƫdžǁƤ ȫƲ ǽǯǶƼ ȄơǮ ǡȇDzơȨ ǡȆ
ǹȇǮǁNjǶ ǴȁǪ ǹƪƠȁƤǁȨ
ǹǯƥƥȘǶ ǹȆƠ ljȆǁǪ
ǹǢƼ ƢƠȁƳǻǶ ƠƽǻȇȤƤ
ǸȁǾȁǷǶ ȁǮƠù DžȤƪ
ƽȨǀƼ ƄƠ ǹǢȀƽǻȇDzǁȨ
ǹǢƼ ƄƠ ǹǯǯȆǁȇNjǻǶ
109:1-6 ÀÂǂǧƢǰdz¦ Ʀǀȁdž ǹȆƼȁǷǮ øǹȆ Ȏ ǡȆ
Ɠ
ȁǮƠ ǂǧơǮ çǠǀȀƠ ȄơǾ ƽǷƷǶ ȄơǾƠȀ ǽdzǻǮơƪơǮ ȚƼȁǏǫǶ Ʀǀȁdž ǹǯǺȀǀȁǻǶ ƄƠ
ȁǾơǶ Ǩƽȇƪ ȁǶơǮ ǸƠƼ ǽƥǷdž ȁǶơǮ ǡȆ ǤƠ ǽƥǷȘǶ ǹǮƠ Ǩƽȇƪ Ȅơȣơƥdž ǸȀǂǧơǯDzƠ
Ɠ
ƠǀơȠdž ƦƼơƥǞǁƤ ǹǮƠ Ǩƽȇƪ ȁǮƠ ǸƠƼ ǽƥǷdž ȁǮƠ ǡȆ ƄƠ ǽƥǷȘǶ ǴȁǪ Ǹ ơƫǻȇǶǁȨ ƢƠȁƳǻǶ
ȁǮƠ ƠǀơȠdž ƦƼơƥǞǁƤ ȁǾơǶ Ǩƽȇƪ ȎȁȨ ȁǶơǮ ǸƠƼ ƦƼơƥǞǁƤ ȁǶơǮ ǡȆ ljȆǁǪ ǹȇǮǁNjǶ
ȁǮơǶơȣƠ ȁǯȇȣơƤ ǸƠƼ ȁǶơǮ ǴơȣƠ ȁǶơǮ ȅȣơƤ ƦƼơƥǞǁƤ ȀơȩǷdzǶ
ǹdžȁǶȀǀ
Ɠ
ƣƲƠȀ ƩȇǮ ƩȆƠ ǽȇDzȀƠ ǹȆ Ȏ ǡȆ ȁƪƠȁLJdž ǹǢƼ ƄƠ ǹǮȁƪȁǯȘǶ ǽDzơȆƠ ȫȆǁȇNJ
Ɠ
ƦƽȇǫǞ șǫdžȀǀ ǹǯƥƥȘǶ ǽȇDzȁƤ ǡȆ ȫȆřNJ ǹƪƠȁƤǁȨ ȅǾȀ ơƳǻǶ
3.6.1 ǸȀǂǧơǯDzƠ Ʀǀȁdž ȄǀơLJȇƫǻȆƠ ȅǷǿǷǶ ƽȆǀȁǶ ǡȇƥǷȇƤ
105 3.6.2 ƽȆǀȁǶ ǽȇDzȀƠ ǹǮȁǮȎƼ șƪȁƪơȩdž ǡȆ ǹǪƽǻȇƪ ǸƠƼ ǹȆƠ ǽǏȇǪ ƽȨǀƼ ǀơƥƫǞƠ Ǹǀơdž ǡƥǶȁdž
3.6.5
DžƪƖƼ ȅƪǁȩdž ȅdžƠȁƫȇdž ǹǢƼ ǹȨƼơǾǁƤ ȏȇƤơȨƠ
Bab 9 (101-107).indd 104 05-Sep-15 1:43:40 PM
ǦȈƫ¦ȘȂǼȇ¦ ǹǶȎ ƦƽȇǫǞ
ǽDzơdžǀ ǹǮǀƽȆƠ ǹȆƼȁǷǮ øȮȆǁȇNJ ȄơǿƤù ǽDzơdžǀ ǹǯdzȇǎơƶ 1
ȁǶơǮ ǽDzȁǯdž ȡǀȀ ƽȩǮ ƨȁƥdžǁƪ
ȮȆǁȇNJ ȄơǿƤ
ȮȆǁȇNJ ÏDžȇǻƲ
ȮȆǁȇNJ ƼȁǏǫǶ
ȆǨƻ ȮȆǁȇNJ ȆǴƳ ȮȆǁȇNJ ȁƪƠȁLJdž ǹǢƼ ƄƠ ǹǮȁƪȁǯȘǶ ǹƪƠȁƤǁȨ ǽDzơȆƠ ȫȆǁȇNJ
Ɠ
ǹǢƼ ƼƠ Ǵơdž ȁǮȎǁƤ ǽȇDzȁƤ ȫȆǁȇNJ ǹȆ Ȏ ǡȆ
Ɠ
ǹǯǯȆǁȇNjǻǶ Ǵȁǯƶ ƼơǫƫǞƠ ǸƠƼ ǹƪƠȁƤǁȨ Ǹ ơƪơǮǁȨ
Ɠ
Ɠ
ǡȆ Ǹ ƠƼƗǮ ǡȆ Ǹ ƠƼƗǮ Ȅơȣơƥdž ǹǯȆǀȁȤƪơǮƼ ǹȆƠ ǹƪƠȁƤǁȨ ǴƠǁƶ ǽDzƠƼƠ ƄƠ
ǠǀȀƗLJdž ƠȀơƥǷǶ ǠǀȀƗLJdž ƠȀơƥǷǶ ǡȆ ƢƠƿǞ ǹǢƼ ǹǯȇƳǻƲƼ ơƪǁdž ǁLJƤ ǡȇDzơȨ ǡȆ ơdžȀƼ
ȆǨƻ ȫȆǁȇNJ ƽȩǮ ȅdzƲ ȫȆřNJ ƽȩǮ ƠȀƼ ƽȩǮ ȅȣơǿƤǁƪ ȫȆǁȇNJ ǽȆƽȨ
N" P 6 ȫȆǁȇNJ ǸƠƼ N" . ȫȆǁȇNJ
=
=
ƽȨǀƼ ƧƥǪơǞ ƽȨǀƼ ƧƥǪơǞ ȜȇdzǫǺ DZȇDzƼ
ȆǨƻ ȫȆǁȇNJ ȅdzƲ ȫȆǁȇNJ
2:22 ƦǁǫƥDzƠ Ǽǀȁdž
ȄǀƽǻȇǿǣǶ Ơǀơȟ ȄǀƽǻȇǿǣǶ Ơǀơȟ ƄƠ ȅȣơƤ ǹǮƠƼơǣǶ ȁǶơǮ ǽdzǻǢơƲ ȫǶ ȚƼȁǏǫǶ
ȆǨƻ ȫȆǁȇNJ ȅdzƲ ȫȆǁȇNJ șȆȁǾơƫǣǶ ƠȁǷdž ȁǶơǮ ǰơƶ ƽȨ ȁƪȁǯdž Ǡǀơƥdž
ơdžƠ ơǿǶ ǡȆ ǹǾȁƪ ǽDzơȆƠ ƄƠ ƠȀơǿƤ
ȀƽȆȜȆƽǻȆƠ ƽȩǮ ȫȆǁȇNJ ǹƪƠȁƤǁȨ ƽȨǀƼ ƧƥǪơǞ ǹǯȆƠǀơǻdž 2
DždzǮ ǵDzƠƼƼ ǹǮǁȇǶơȨ ǹȆƼȁǷǮ ƩǮǀơNjǶ ǸƠƼ
ƽȩǮ ȫȆǁȇNJ ƧƥǪơǞ
ƩǮǀơNjǶ ȀƽȆȜȆƽǻȆƠ
3.6.1 DžƪƖƼ ȅƫȆȜȇƫǮƠ ǹǮȁǮȏǶ ƽȆǀȁǶ ǡȇƥǷȇƤ
3.6.2 ǸơǷȆƠ ǹǯǫdžȀǁǶ ǽȇDzȁƤ ǡȆ ÏƠǀơǮǁȨ ȅǾȀ ơƳǻǶ ǁȣƠ ƽȆǀȁǶ ȅƫƷȇǏǺ
Ɠ
3.6.3 106
3.6.4
3.6.5
Bab 9 (101-107).indd 107 05-Sep-15 1:45:14 PM
ƦƽȇǫǞ ǦȈƬǯ¦ ƠƽǻȇǶ
Ɠ
ƨȁǯȆƠǁƤ ǡȆ ÏƠǀơǮǁȨ ǹǮǁdžƠƼǁƤ ǹDzȁȩǶȁǮ ƠǀơƫǺƠ ǃȆ ȁǮ ǹǮƠƼƠ 1
ȫȆǁȇNJ ǹȇȣơǿƤ șȇdzǫǺ DZȇDzƼ ǸƠƼ ȫȆǁȇNJ ȅƪǀƠ
Ɠ
ȚƠƽȨǀƼ ƧƥǪơǞ ǸƠƼ ȫȆřNJ ȚȁǮȎǁƤ ƽȩǮ ǠǀȀƗLJdž ƠȀơƥǷǶ ǽȇDzȁƤ ǡȆ Ǹ ƠƼƗǮ
ǹƪƠȁƤǁȨ ƽȨǀƼ ƧƥǪơǞ ǸƠƼ ȫȆǁȇNJ DžȇǻƲ ǹǮơƪơȗ ǼȀơƤƼ ȅdžƠȁƫȇdž ǹǮȀƽǻȨǁƤ 2
ƨȁƥdžǁƪ ȫȆǁȇNJ
ǤơƫƤ Ǩȁǣȇƪ ǠǀȀƠ ȅƫǻǺ
Ɠ
ƄƠǂǨǤƬLJ¦ ȁǮƠ șǫȆ ơƤ
DžƪƖƼ ȅdžƠȁƫȇdž ǵDzƠƼ ƩƥȇDzǁƪ ǡȆ ȫȆǁǶ ƽȩǮ ȁǶơǮ ƩƷȇǏǺ ǽǮơȨƠ 3
Ɠ
ǹƪƠȁƤǁȨ ǽdzȇǾȀ ơƲ ÏǸȀơǮ
ǹȆƠ ǹƪƠȁƤǁȨ ǸƠǁǮ ȫȆǁȇNJ
ƄƠ Ȅ ơǮǀȁǶƼ
Ɠ
3.6.1 ǹǯdžȁǶȀǁǶ ƩȨƠƼ ƽȆǀȁǶ Ȣǣȇǿdž DžƪƖƼ ȅƫȆȜȇƫǮƠ ǹǮȁǮȏǶ ƽȆǀȁǶ ǡȇƥǷȇƤ
3.6.2 ȫȆǁȇNJ ǹǯƥƥȘǶ ǡȆ ÏƠǀơǮǁȨ ȅǾȀ ơƳǻǶ ǸƠƼ ȫȆǁȇNJ ȧȇLJǺȁǮ
Ɠ
107 3.6.3
3.6.4
3.6.5
Bab 9 (101-107).indd 106 05-Sep-15 1:44:39 PM
ƨơȇǟǷdž ǹȧƼ ǸơǷȆƠǁƤ ǸǁƲȏȫ ƦƽȇǫǞ
Ë
ǺǯǂȈǰȈǧ ǸƠƼ ǹǯȇƪơǾǁȫ
ƨơȇǟǷdž ÏǼȁƫǺȁȟ
Ë
ȄǀơǾ
Ɠ
ǹDzƠ ȁdž ƧǶơȇǪ
ǀȁƥǪ ȡǁNJ
ǸƠǃȇǶ
ƧǯƞȏǶ
ȪƠǁǺ ǔƠǁǎ
ǠƼơȨ
ǁNjƷǶ
±ǂƥ ǵDzơǞ
ƨơȇǟǷdž ȅƪǀƠ ȁǶơǮ ǽǮȁǾơƪ
Ë
ǸǁƲȏȨ ǨȁƲơƪ ǹǢƼ ǹǯƫȆ ơǮ ǸƠƼ ƨơȇǟǷdž ÏǼȁƫǺȁȟ Ǹǀơdž ǡƥǶȁdž
Ɠ
Ë
108
Bab 10 (108-114).indd 109 05-Sep-15 1:48:37 PM
ƦƽȇǫǞ ȆǸȀǧ ǸƠƼ ȝơƤ
ȜȇdzǫǺ DZȇDzƼ ǸƠƼ ƨơȇǟǷdž ȅƪǀƠ
Ë
ǹȧƼ ǹǮǁƥǷȣƼ ƩȫƠƼ Ǩƽȇƪ ȦȆ ÏƠǀơǮǁȫ ǽDzơȆƠ ƨơȇǟǷdž
Ë
Ɠ
Ɠ
Ɠ
Ȅ ȁǾơƫǮƼ ƩȫƠƼ șơǾ ȄƠ ȅLJǺ ơǶ ƠǀƽǻȆ ơȠǻȫ ǸƠƼ DZǫǞ
Ɠ
ȅǻȇǫȇǶ ƣƲƠȀ ƩȇǮ ƮȇƾƷ ơƪǁdž ǸƠƓǁǫDzƠ Ȅ ȁDzȏǶ
Ȅơȣơƥdž ȚƠƽȩǮ ǹǺơǷȆƗǮ ǹǯȆƼơƳǻǶ ǹǢƼ ƨơȇǟǷdž ÏƠǀơǮǁȨ
Ë
ȅǿȇdžơǮƼ ǡȆ ǵdzLJǶ ǠǀȀƗdž ȄƼơƳǻǶ ȄǁȆƼ ǨȁƫǻƥǷǶ DŽơdžƠ
Ɠ
ƄƠ Ȅ ƢǔȇǀƼ ǸƠƼ
ƨơȇǟǷdž ƠǀơǮǁȫ ǹȧƼ ǸơǷȆƠǁƤ ǹȬȇƲƠȁǮ ȅdzǫǺ DZȇDzƼ
Ë
2:3 ƦǁǫƥDzƠ Ʀǀȁdž
Ɠ
ǡȆ ÏƠǀơǮǁȨ ƽȩǮ ǸơǷȆƠǁƤ ǡȆ ÏǠǀȀƠ ƩȆ ơȆ ȚƼȁǏǫǶ
Ɠ
ƣȆ Ƣǣ
3.7.1 șȇdzǫǺ DZȇDzƼ ǸƠƼ ƨơȇǟǷdž ȅƪǀƠ ȅǷǿǷǶ ƽȆǀȁǶ ǡȇƥǷȇƤ
Ë
3.7.2 DŽơdžƠ ȄƼơƳǻǶ ƩȨƠƼ ƨơȇǟǷdž ÏƠǀơǮǁȨ ƽȩǮ ǹǺơǷȆƗǮ Ơǀơȟ ǡƫǻƪ ǹǣȠǻȇƤǁȨ ƨƠȁƤ
109 3.7.3 Ë
Ɠ
3.7.4 ƄƠ Ȅ ƢǔȇǀƼ ǡȆ ǵdzLJǶ Ȅơȣơƥdž ȄǁȆƼ ǨȁƫǻƥǷǶ
Bab 10 (108-114).indd 108 05-Sep-15 1:47:15 PM
ȅƪơȇƶ ǸƠƼ ȆǸȀǧ ƦƽȇǫǞ
ƨơȇǟǷdž ÏƠǀơǮǁȫ
Ë
ȚƠǀơƫǺƠ ƨơȇǟǷdž ÏƠǀơǮǁȨ ǡƫǻƪ ǹǮơƫȆǁȠǻǶ ƼƠ ƮȇƾƷ ǸƠƼ ǸƠƓǁǫDzƠ ǵDzƠƼ
Ɠ
ǹǯƫȇǯǣƤƼ Ǵȁdzƥdž ȅLJǺ ơǶ ƠȁǷdž ǽȇDzȀƠ ȅȨƼơǾƼ ǡȆ ǀȁƥǪ ǵDzơǞ ǽDzơȆƠ ƸǂǁƤ ǵDzơǞ 3
Ɠ
ǽȇDzȀƠ ȅǣƪƠƼƼ ǹǮƠ ȅLJǺ ơǶ ƠȁǷdž ǹȆƠ ǵDzơǞ ǵDzƠƼ ƧǶơȇǪ ȄǀơǾ ƽȨ ǩdzǮ
Ɠ
ǹǯȇƳǻƳǻǶ ƄƠ ǀȁƥǪ ÏǹDzƠ ȁdž ȅȨƼơǿǣǶ ơƪǁdž řǯǺ ǸƠƼ ǁǯǻǶ ƧǯƞȏǶ
ơȇǺƼƼ DŽơǷdž ǹdzǷǞ ƽȨ ǠȁƫǻȣǁƤ ƢƠƿǞ ȀơƪƠ ƩǷǟǺ
ǹǯƫȇǯǣƤƼ ǽdzƫdž ƄƠ ¼ȂǴƼǷ ƠȁǷdž ǹDzȁȩǶȁǮǁȨ ƩȩǷƪ ǽDzơȆƠ ǁNjƷǶ ȥƼơȫ 3
ǰȁȩǶȁǮǁƤ ǸƠƼ ȎȁǷdž ǹǯȨȀƽȇǾƼ ǹǮƠ ƄƠ ¼ȂǴƼǷ ƠȁǷdž ǀȁƥǪ ƽȨǀƼ
Ɠ
ǩȆ ơƤ ǡȆ ƼƠ Ǵơdž ơȇǺƼƼ ȫȆǁǶ ǹƪƠȁƤǁȨ DžƪƠ ǹdzȆƼơǣȨ ơǷȆǁǻǶ ǨȁƫǺȀƠ ȅǻȇdžƼ
Ɠ
ǹǯDzȁƥǷȇǻǶ Ȣǣȇǿdž ƩNjǾƼ ƩǢơdž ǁNjƷǶ ǠƼơȨƼ Ǹ ƠƼƗǮ ǨȀǀȁƤ ǡȆ ȀơƪƠ
Ɠ
Ǹ ƠƼƗǮ ǹǮơƫȆǁȠǻǶ ƼƠ ƮȇƾƷ ǼƠȁƥdž ǵDzƠƼ DžǷȟ ǸƠƼ ƨȁǮơƪ ƩǢơdž DŽƠǀ
Ɠ
ȅǷdzȤǣƪƼ ȅLJǺ ơǶ Ȣǣȇǿdž ȎơȩǮƼ řȩǷǾ ƼƠǁƤ ǩȆǁƪ ƩǢơdž ǡȆ ȄǀơǾơƪơǶ
ƼƠǁƤ ǡȆ ươǿdž ƵDzơǎ ǡȆ ǠǀȀƠ ǸƠƼ ǰȁdžǀ ȅƥǺ ƠǀơȨ ȄǁȆƽǻdž ȫȆǁǶ ǼȁdzȨ
Ɠ
ǡǻƪ ǸƠƼ ǸơǶƠ Ǹ ƠƼƗǮ ǵDzƠƼ
Ɠ
Ɠ
ơȨơȇLJdž ȅLJǺ ơǶ ƠȁǷdž ǽȇDzȀƠ Ȅ ȁDzȎƼ ǹǮƠ ǡȆ ǹdzǷǞ ǹǣƥǷȇƪ ǽDzơȆƠ ǸƠǃȇǶ 3
ǹdzǷǞ ǹǣƥǷȇƪ ȫƲ ȅȨơƫƪ ȫȆǁǶ ǽdzǢȁƫǺȀƠǁƤ ȫǶ șǻdzǷǞ ǹǣƥǷȇƪ ƨǁƤ ǡȆ
ǹǣƥǷȇƪ ȪƠǁǺ ȅdzǾƠ ǹǢȁDzȁȣ ǵDzƠƼ ǠȁDzȁȣǁƪ ȫȆǁǶ ǹǣȆǀ ȫȆǁǶ
Ɠ
DŽơǷdž ǹǮȁǮȎƼ ǡȆ ǹǫȆ ơƥǮ ǹdzǷǞ ǸƠǁǮ ƨǁƤ ȄƼơƳǻǶ ƩȆƠ ǠǀȀƗLJdž
ơȇǺƼƼ ǤȀƽȇǾ
ƧǟȆǁNJǁƤ ǤȀƽȇǾ ƨơȇǟǷdž ǹȇǫȆ ȄȏȇǺ
Ë
Ɠ
3.7.2 ƨơȇǟǷdž ÏƠǀơǮǁȨ ǹǢƼ ǹƫȆ ơǮǁƤ ǡȆ ȅdzǫǺ ÏDZȇDzƼ ȅǷǿǷǶ ǸƠƼ ȄǀơȠǻǶ ƽȆǀȁǶ ơƫǻȇǶ
Ë
3.7.3
3.7.4 Ȁǀȁȣ ǹǣȇƥǷȇƤ ǹǢƼ 110
ǸƠǃȇǶ ǤƼơǾǁƪ ǹǺơǷȆƗǮ ǹǯƫȆ ơǮ ǸƠƼ ƨơȇǟǷdž ƠǀơǮǁȨ ȅȣơƤ ǹȆ Ȏ ǼȁƫǺȁȟ ǹǯȆǁƤ
Ɠ
Ɠ
Ë
ƧǞǀơǫDzƠ Ʀǀȁdž ȢǣȇǾ ƧȆƠ ǹǢƼ
Bab 10 (108-114).indd 111 05-Sep-15 1:49:05 PM
ƦƽȇǫǞ ƠȁǷdž ǽȇDzȀƠ Ȅ ȁDzȎƼ ǹǮƠ ǡȆ ǵǻǿƲ ȪƠǁǺ ȅǣƫǺǁǶ ǡȆ ǹȇƫȇƪ ǽDzơȆƠ ǔƠǁǎ 3
Ɠ
Ɠ
ȅLJƫǻȇdzǶ ȄơƲǁƤ ǹǮƠ ươǿdž ȂȁǫƪǁƤ ǸƠƼ ǸơǷȆƠǁƤ ǠǀȀƠ ȚơǾ ȅLJǺ ơǶ
ǹǮǁƥǷȤǣǶ ȅƥǺ ƮȇƾƷ ȡǁNjǮ ȁƲȁǻǶ ǨȁƫǺȀƠ ƩǶȏdž ǹǢƼ ǹȆƠ ǹȇƫȇƪ
ǡȆ ƼƠ ơȇǺƼƼ ǤȀƽȇǾ DŽơǷdž ƵDzơǎ DZǷǞ ƽȨ ǠȁƫǻȣǁƤ șȇLJƫǻȇdzǶ ǹLJƫǻȩǮ
ȁDzȎ șȇLJƫǻȇdzǶ ȄơƲǁƤ Ǩƽȇƪ ǡȆ ȡȁƲ ƼƠ ǸƠƼ ƩdzȇǮ Džƫǻȩdž șȇLJƫǻȇdzǶ
ƄƠ ÏǽƫǻȆǁȨ ȄǁǯǣȇǣǶ ǡȆ ÏǠǀȀƠ ǽDzơȆƠ ȫȆǁǶ ȪƠǁǺ ǵDzƠƽǮ ǼȁƪơƲǁƪ
Ɠ
Ǹ ƠƼƗǮ ƵDzơǎ DZǷǞǁƤ ǸƠƼ ǸơǷȆƠǁƤ ǡȆ ȫȆǁǶ ƽȩǮ ǹǮơȆƽdžƼ ȡǁNJ 3
ÏǹǶơƪ ƩȨƠƼǁƪ ǹƫǷǟǻǮ ǹǢƼ ȅǾȁǻȨƼ ǸƠƼ ǹǶơȗ ǼƽǻȆƠ ƩǢơdž ƩȆƠ ȡǁNJ
Ɠ
ÏȄơǢȁdž ǸƠƼ ǁȆ Ơ ƨơǶ ǸǁȠǻȨ ǹǢƼ ǹǮơǺȁLJȩǷǶ ǸƠƼ ǼƽǻȆƠ ǡȆ ȡǁNJ
ǹǢƼ ƩƷȆǀ ȅƫǷǟǻǶ ǹǮƠ șȇǺȁǿǣȨ ƠǀơȨ ǹȆƠ ȡǁNJ ǵDzƠƼƼ ǁȇDzơǣǶ ǡȆ
ȅǻǷƪƼ ǸƠƼ ǼƽǻȆƠ ƩǢơdž ǡȆ ǹǢƽǻǷȨ ȅƫǷǟǻǶ DZȇƥǷdž șdžƠȁȨ DŽƠȁȩdž
ơƪǁdž Ơǁƪȁdž ƽȨǀƼ ǩȇƫǻȟ ǡȆ ǹȆơǮơȨ ǹǯȆơǮơȨƼ șȇǺȁǿǣȨ ÏȄǀƠƼƠƽȇƤ ǽȇDzȀƠ
ǹǻǮơǶ ǹǢƼ ȁǶơƲƼ ǹǮƠ ȫȆǁǶ ƠǀơȇƪȁǶ ǸƠƼ DžǶƠ ƽȨǀƼ ǹdžơȇǾǁȨ ȅdžơȇǾƼ
șǷDzƠƼƼ DZǯǮ ȫȆǁǶ ơƪǁdž ƨƾȎ ǡȆ ǹǶȁǻȇǶ ǸƠƼ
Ɠ
ȪƠǁǺ Ǹ ƠƼƗǮ ƄƠ ǽƫǻȆǁȨ ȅƫǞơǗǻǶ Ǩƽȇƪ ǡȆ ȫȆǁǶ ƽȩǮ ǹǮơȆƽdžƼ ȭƠǁǺ 3
Ɠ
DžǺơȨ ƩǢơdž ǡȆ șǺ ƠƼƗǮ ȅƪǁȩdž ƮȇƾƷ ǸƠƼ ǸƠƓǁǫDzƠ ǵDzƠƼ ǹǮǁƥǷȣƼ ǩȗơƤ
ơLJǫȇdžǁƪ ƩǶƠ DŽƠǁƤ șȇǺȁǿǣȨ ǹǯƥƥȘǶ ǹȆƠ ǰơƶ ȎơȘǶ ǨǀơǶ ǡȆ ȅȨƠ ǹǢƼ
ȡơƥǷƪ ȅƪǁȩdž ǹǶȁǻȇǶ ȄǁƤƼ ȫȆǁǶ ƩȆƠ Džȩdzdž ȡơǾƼ ȁDzȎǁƪ ǸƠƼ
Ɠ
Ɠ
DŽȁǢơǾ ȫȆǁǶ ÏȪȁǶ ǹǯƥƥȘǶ ǹȆƠ ǁȆ Ơ ǹLJǺơȩǮ DžǺơȨ ƩǢơdž ǡȆ ǁȆ ơȟ
ǠȁƪȁȨ ǠȁƪȁȨǁƪ șdžȁdžȀƠ ǸƠƼ ǁǮơƤǁƪ
Ë
3.7.2 ǸǁƥǷȣ ǹǢƼ Ǵơdž Ǩƽȇƪ ǽDzƠƼƠ ǹǮǁƥǷȣƼ ǡȆ ƨơȇǟǷdž ƠǀơǮǁȨ ƠȀơǿƤ ƽȆǀȁǶ ǹǯƫǣȆƠ
3.7.3 ơȇǺƼƼ ƼƠ ǡȆ
111 3.7.4
ƧȆƠ ǦȀǰdz¦ Ʀǀȁdž ǵDzƠƼ ƨȁƥdžƼ ƼƠ ȪƠǁǺ ǸƠƼ ȡǁNJ ǸǁƥǷȣ ƠȀơǿƤ ƽȆǀȁǶ ȁǾơƫȆǁƤ
ƽȆǀȁǶ ǹȨȀƽȇǿǮ ǵDzƠƼ ȄǁƲȏȨƼ ǽdzƪ ǡȆ ƨơȇǟǷdž ƠǀơǮǁȨ ǹǢƼ ǸơǷȆƠǁƤ ǹLJǮ Ǹǀơdž ǡƥǶȁdž
Ë
Bab 10 (108-114).indd 110 05-Sep-15 1:48:50 PM
ȅƪơȇƶ ǸƠƼ ȝơƤ ƦƽȇǫǞ
ǸƠƼ ƄƠ ǽƫǻȆǁȫ ȅƫǞơǗǻǶ
Ɠ
ơdžȀƼ ǹƪƠȁƤǁȫ ȅǾȀ ơƳǻǶ ȂȁǫƪǁƤ ȦȆ ȅLJǺ ơǶ ȄƼơƳǻǶ
Ɠ
ƦƼơƥǞ ǹǮȁǮȏǶ ƧǶơǫƫdžƠ ý ƄƠ ǹdzȆƼơǟǮ ǹǢƼ ŚǫȆ ý
Ƨǻdž ǸƠƼ µǂǧ Ț Ǹ ơdžƠȁǯǮ ǸƠƼ
Ɠ
ǸƠƼ ƧȇǏǟǶ ȄǀƽǻȇǾ ý ƢƠƿǞ ȆǧơǏǻȇǣǶ ý
ȅƳǮ ǡȆ ƪǨȈǏ µ µ ¨ǂȈƻ¢®
ǹȧƼ ǸơǷȆƠǁƤ ǹLJǮ
ƨơȇǟǷdž ƠǀơǮǁȫ
Ë
ȥǀȀƗLJdž ȥȀǀȀƽǻǶ
Ɠ
ǩȚơƥdž ǹǫȆ ơƥǮ ǹǮȁǮȏǶ µ µ Ȅơȣơƥdž ƄƠ ƢǓ° ǹǯȆƼơƳǻǶ
ǹȇǯȧȁǶ ȩȀƽȇǾ ƩǶȏƫǶ
ǸƠƼ ǸƠƓǁǫDzƠ ǹǯȆƼơƳǻǶ ý
ǹǮȁDzǁǷǶ ǡȆ ȫȆǁǶ ȁƫǻƥǷǶ ý ǤȀƽȇǾ ǸƠȀƽǻȨ ƧǻLJDzƠ
ǸƠƼ ǼǀȁǷȨ ȧǯȇdžǁƤ ý ƠǀơǮǁȨ ǹǢƼ DŽơǶ ȅLJȇǣǶ ý
ǸȀơǶǀƼ ǼƽȆ ƢǧǁƤ
Ɠ
ǹdžȁǶȀǀ
ǹǢƼ ǸơǷȆƠǁƤ ƣƲƠȀ ƩȇǮ ȦȆ ƩǮǀơNjǶ ǹǮǁȇǾȏǶ
ǸƠƼ ƨơȇǟǷdž ƠǀơǮǁȨ ȄǀƽǻȇǿȨǶ ǸƠƼ ǹǫȆ ơƥǮ ǹǮơǮȁdž
Ɠ
Ë
ȚƠƽȩǮ ǹǺơǷȆƗǮ ǹǯȇƫǪȁƥǷǶ ǸǁǯȧȁǷǮ
ǹǮȁǮȏǶ ǽǶơǫƫdžƠ ǹǢƼ ƠǀơǮǁȨ ǵDzƠƼ ǠȁDzȁǻǶ ǠȁDzȁƪ ý
ǹǯǫȗơƥǷǶ ǸƠƼ µǂǧ ƦƼơƥǞ
Ɠ
Ɠ
ȅǾȀ ơƳǻǶ ơƪǁdž Ƨǻdž ǹdzǷǞ ǹǫȆ ơƥǮ
ƄƠ ǹǢǀȎ ȎơȤdž ǸǁǯǻǷǮ ǽȤȠǻǶ Ǵơdž ơǶơdžǁƤ ý
3.7.3 ƨơȇǟǷdž ÏƠǀơǮǁȨ ǹǢƼ ǸơǷȆƠǁƤ ǹLJǮ Ǹǀơdž ǡƥǶȁdž
Ë
3.7.5 Ɠ
ƽȆǀȁǶ ȁǮȎ ǽǯǣȇƪ ȅǾȀǀơǣȩǷǶ ǹȆƠ ǹǺơǷȆƗǮ Ơǀơȟ ǹȆ Ȏ ǡȆ ÏǹLJǮ ǹǯǣȠǻȇƤ 112
Bab 10 (108-114).indd 113 05-Sep-15 1:50:00 PM
ƦƽȇǫǞ ǦȈƫƠȘȁǻȆƠ ǹǶȎ
ƨơȇǟǷdž ƠǀơǮǁȨ ǹǢƼ ǸơǷȆƠǁƤ ǹLJǮ Ǹǀơdž ǡƥǶȁdž ȅƫȆȜȇƫǮƠ ǹǮȁǮȎ 1
Ë
ƨơȇǟǷdž ƠǀơǮǁȨ ǹǢƼ ǸơǷȆƠǁƤ ǹLJǮ
Ë
ƩǮǀơNjǶ ƽȨ ȡǀƠȁdzǮ ƽȨ ȄǁȆƼ ƽȨ
ǹǢƼ øƨơȇǟǷdž ȅǻȇǫȆù ǨȁƲơƪǁƤ ǡȆ ƽȇNjǺ ǼƠȁƥdž ǹǯdzȇǎơƶ 2
Ë
ƠǀơƫǺƠ ǹǣȆƽǻƪǁȨ ǹǮƠƼƠ ǹȆƼȁǷǮ ǹȆƠȁLJdžǁƤ ǡȆ ơǶƠǁȆƠ ǹǮơǺȁȤǣǶ
ǹDzȁȩǶȁǮ
ÏǹǷƪ ȄơǾƠȀ
Ǵơdž ơǶơdžǁƤ ȄǀơǶ
ƨơȇǟǷdž ǹǢƼ ǸơǷȆƠǁƤ
Ë
șȇǻȇǫȇǶ ǸƠƼ
ȁƪƠȁLJdž ǹǯdzȇǎơƷǣǶ ǦȈƫƠțȁǻȆƠ ǸƠƼ ǦȈƫơȆǁǮ ȄȏȇǺ
3.7.1 ƽȩǮ ǹǻȇǫȇǮ ƠȀơǿƤ ȅǷǿǷǶ ƽȆǀȁǶ ơȆơȨȁdž DžƪƖƼ ȅƫȆȜȇƫǮƠ ǹǮȁǮȏǶ ƽȆǀȁǶ ǡȇƥǷȇƤ
3.7.2
Ë
113 3.7.3 ȫȆǁǶ ǹǪƽǻȇƪ ȅǾȀǀơǣȩǷǶ ƩȨƠƼ ƨơȇǟǷdž ƠǀơǮǁȨ
3.7.4 ǸƠƼ ơȆǀȁƤ ƨǀơƤ ǁȇǯȆƼ ǩƲơdž ȅƪǁȩdž ǹǯǣȆƽǻƪǁȨƼ ǨȁƫǺȀƠ ȅƫȆȜȇƫǮƠ ǹǯȆơȣơƥdzȨ
3.7.5
ơǶƠǁȆƠǁƤ ƠǀơȠȇƤ
Bab 10 (108-114).indd 112 05-Sep-15 1:49:40 PM
ǦȈƬǯƠ ƠƽǻȇǶ ƦƽȇǫǞ
1
2:3 ƦǁǫƥDzƠ Ʀǀȁdž
Ɠ
ǸơǷȆƠǁƤ ǡȆ ÏǠǀȀƠ ƩȆ ơȆ ȚƼȁǏǫǶ
Ɠ
ƣȆ Ƣǣ ǡȆ ÏƠǀơǮǁȨ ƽȩǮ
ǹǮƠǀ ǹǢƼ Ǵơdž ơǶơdžǁƤ șǻǿǷƲǁƪ ơƪǁdž DžƪƖƼ ȅdzǫǺ DZȇDzƼ ȝơƤ
ƨȁƥdžǁƪ ƠǀơǮǁȨ ÏǼȁƫǺȁȟ ǸƠƼ ƨơȇǟǷdž ƼȁǏǫǶ ǹǯȆǁƤ
Ë
ǹǯȩǯǣDz 2
ǔƠǁǎ ȅƪǀƠ ǁNjƷǶ ǠƼơȨ ȅƪǀƠ ±ǂƥ ǵDzơǞ ȅƪǀƠ
ȄƼơƳǻǶ ƩȨƠƼ ƨơȇǟǷdž ƠǀơǮǁȨ ǹǢƼ ǸơǷȆƠǁƤ Ơǀơȟ ǹǯǣȠǻȇƤ 3
Ë
ǼȀơƤƼ ȅdžƠȁƫȇdž ǵDzƠƼ ǨƽǻȇƪǁƤ ȁǶơǮ ǨȁƫǺȀƠ DŽơdžƠ
Ǩƽȇƪ ƩȇǮ ǩȩȇDz ƩȇǮ ȄǀơǶ
ǹǿƥǷƪ DždzǯǮ ǂȈǓƢƷ ȁDzǁȨ
3.7.1 ƽȆǀȁǶ ǹǺơǷȆƗǮ ǸƠƼ ǺǸȀǨǯ Ȣǣȇǿdž DžƪƖƼ ȅƫȆȜȇƫǮƠ ǹǮȁǮȏǶ ƽȆǀȁǶ ǡȇƥǷȇƤ
3.7.2
Ë
3.7.3 ǹǪƽǻȇƪ Ǥơȇƫdž ǵDzƠƼ DŽơdžƠ ǹǯȆƼơƲƼ ǸƠƼ ǹǯȩƫǻǶƼ ƩȨƠƼ ƨơȇǟǷdž ƠǀơǮǁȨ ǤƼơǾǁƪ 114
3.7.4
3.7.5
Bab 10 (108-114).indd 115 05-Sep-15 1:50:44 PM
ƦƼơƥǞ ÀƢǔǷ° ǺdzȂƥ ƽȫ ơdžƠȁȫ ¨®ƢƦǟ ǸǁƲȏȫ
ǺǯǂȈǰȈǧ ǸƠƼ ȝơƤ
Ɠ
Ǹ ơǺǁȠǻȫ ǵƫLJȇdž ǹǯƫƷȆǁǶ ơdžƠȁȫ
ơdžƠȁȫ ǹȇƪǁȨȫ
ƨȁDzȁǶ
Ɠ
Ǹ ơǺǁȠǻȨ ǵƫLJȇdž
Ɠ
ǠȁǯǢȀǁǮ ȅLJǺ ơǶ ƽȨǀƼ ȄǁȆƼ ǹǾơǻǶ
ǹǯdzǗƥǷǶ ǡȆ ƠǀơǮǁȨ
ƨȀǁȨ ƽȨǀƼ ȎȁǶǁƤ ơdžƠȁȨ
DZȇȠǮ DŽȁdžȀƠ ȢǣȇǾ ǂƴǧ ƩȇƤǁƪ
ǁLJƤ DŽȁdžȀƠ
ȄǀơǾơƪơǶ ǵǻƤǁƪ
DŽȁdžȀƠ ȢǣȇǾ ƨȁDzȁǶ ƽȨǀƼ ȎȁǶǁƤ Ǹ ơǺǁȠǻȨ ǵƫLJȇdž ǸƠƼ ƧȇǺ ǹǢƼ ơƪǁdžǁƤ
Ɠ
Ɠ
Ɠ
ǽdzǪȁdžơǶǁƪ ȚƠǀơƫǺƠ ǹƫȆ ơǮǁƤ ǡȇDzơdž Ǹ ơǺǁȠǻȨ ǹȣǀȀƠ ȅLJǢȂǧ ȁƫǻƪǁƪ ÏǔǁNJ
ǸǁȇDzƠ ǵDzƠƽǮ ƨƠƾ ǤǁȘǶ ǹǻǮơǶ ǹǮơǺǁȠǻǶ ǸƠƼ ơǷȆǁǻǶ
ǹǮơǺǁȟƼ ƩȨƠƼ Ǩƽȇƪ ǡȆ ǹǾơƤ ǠƠȁƥǷǶ ơƪǁdž ǼǀƠƼ Ǵȁǯƶ
Ɠ
ǠȁƤȁǾǁƤ ǡȆ ȅƪơǾ ȅƪǁȩdž ǹȆ Ȏ ǹȣǀȀƠ ȡȁƲ ƩȨƠƼǁƪ
Ɠ
ǵȆǃǻȆƠ ǹǯdzȇǎơƷǣǶ ȎȁȨ DŽơȆǁǯǻȨ Ǹ ơǺǁȠǻȨ ǹȣǀȀƠ ǹǢƼ ǠǀȀƠ ƽȩǮ ƣƲƠȀ
Ɠ
Ɠ
ǹȨǁȘȨ ǸƠƼ Ǹ ơǺǁȠǻȨ ȁƫǻƥǷǶ ǨȁƫǺȀƠ ȁDzǁȨ ȀƽȩǷǾ Ǹ ơǺǁȠǻȨ ǔǁNJ ǤȁǮȁȟ ǡȆ
ǩǷDz
DžȇdžȀǁȨ ǸƼơƤ ǵDzƠƼ ǠǀȁǮǁƤ ǹǻǮơǶ ǹǻƥƤ ơdžƠȁȨǁƤ ȫȇƫǮ ȂǨǼȇ¦
Ɠ
ǸǀȁDzơdž ǡȆƽǻȆƼƼ ǹƫƥǶȁdž ǹǯǣȨȏǶ ȁǮȎǁƤ ǡȆ Ǹ ƠƽȇLJǮȁƫǿȘȨ ǽdzƪ ơdžƠȁȨ ƦƼơƥǞ
ǤȁǮȁȟ ǡȆ ǹȤȇLJǮȀƠ ǹǯdzǯƥǷǶ ơƪǁdž ǺLjǨǻǁȨ ǸƠƼ ǹǻǮơǶ ǸȁǾơƪ ƽȨ ǹǯƫǟȆǁNJƼ
ǸƼơƤ ǵDzƠƼ ÏDZȇdž ƽȩǮ ƦǁƳǾ ƠȀƽǮ
Ɠ
4.1.1 DžƪƖƼ DZǯȇƪǀƠ ǡƫǻƪ ƢƠȁƲ ǰƠ ȁdž
Ɠ
115 DŽ ǹȆ ơdž ƨȀƼȁdž ƽȨǀƼ ơdžƠȁȨ ǡƫǻƪ ǡȠǻȇƤǁƤ ƽȆǀȁǶ ơƫǻȇǶ
Bab 11 (115-121).indd 115 05-Sep-15 1:52:32 PM
...7 8 \ E ( 3 ȆƫƢȈƷ ǸƠƼ ȝơƤ ƦƼơƥǞ
! ) !
ơdžƠȁȫ ȅdzǫǺ DZȇDzƼ
1
ǀȁƷdžǁƤ 2:183 ƦǁǫƥDzƠ Ʀǀȁdž
ȁǶơǮ ǸơǷȆƠǁƤ ǡȆ ǠǀȀƠ ȄơǾƠȀ ȚƼȁǏǫǶ
ǹǯƥƲƠȀƼ ǡȆ ǸơǷȆơȣơƥdž ơdžƠȁȨǁƤ ǹǯƥƲƠȀƼ
ȁǶơǮ ơȆơȨȁdž ȁǶơǮ ƽȨǀƼ ȁDzȁǾƼ ǡȆ ǠǀȀƠ DžƪƠ
ȂȁǫƪǁƤ
2 ơdžƠȁȫ ƣƲƠȀ ÏǔǁNJ
Ɠ
ÏƠǀơǮǁȨ ȅǾȀ ơƳǻǶ
ơdžƠȁȨ ǹǯdzǗƥǷǶ ǡȆ Ǵȏdžƚ .1
DZǫǞǁƤ .2
ǢdzƢƥ .3
ơdžƠȁȨǁƤ ȁȩǷǶ .4
3
ÏƠǀơǮǁȨ ƽȨǀƼ ȄǁȆƼ ǹǯǫdzȇǣǶ
ơdžƠȁȨ ȎơǿȨ ǹǯǢǀȁǣǶ ǡȆ
4.1.2 ǰȁƫƤ ǹǢƼ ȅdzǫǺ DZȇDzƼ ȝơƥǷǶ ƽȆǀȁǶ ǡȇƥǷȇƤ
4.1.3
ơdžƠȁȨǁƤ ƣƲƠȀ ßǔǁNJ ȅȠǻȆǁȨǁƪ ƠǀơȠdž ƽȆǀȁǶ ƽȩǮ ǹǯǢǁƪ 116
Bab 11 (115-121).indd 117 05-Sep-15 1:53:03 PM
ƦƼơƥǞ ơdžƠȁȫ ǸȁǮȀǀ
ǵDzơǶ ƽȨ ǹǮȁǮȎƼ ǽdzǪƽǻǾ ơdžƠȁȨ ƧȇǺ .1
ǂƴǧ ƩȇƤǁƪ Ǵȁdzƥdž ȢǣȇǾ ȄǀơǾ
ơdžƠȁȨ ƧȇǺ ǚǨdz
" U " ] ( H " 1 D / 7 8 \ E ( 3 6
!
!
! ) !
!
- A( ÚÚ Ƅ " F > " T" ^_ `< ƶȇȀƠǁƪ Ʀȏǎ
9
ǨȁLJȆƠ ơdžƠȁȨǁƤ ȁǮƠ ươǿdž ȚƼȁǏǫǶ
ǺººdzȂººƥ µǂººººǧ ǹǯȆơǺȁǻǶ ȅȣơƤ ȄǀơǾ
ȃDzơǟƪ ƄƠ ǸƠǁǮ ǹȆƠ ǸȁǾơƪ ÀƢǔǷ° ... E c 5 .9
) ! )
9 )
ǡȆ ÏƠǀơǮǁȨ ƽȨǀƼ ȄǁȆƼ ǹǾơǻǶ .2
ǹǯǪȁdžơǷǶ ȅƪǁȩdž ơdžƠȁȨ ǹǯdzǗƥǷǶ
ȪȁƤǁƪ ǡȆ ȢǢȀǀ ǵDzƠƽǮ ȁƪƠȁLJdž
ơdžƠȁȫ Ƨǻdž 5
ǀȁƷdžǁƤ V ơdžƠȁȨ ȪȁƤǁƤ
ǀȁƷdž ǹǮǂȈƻƗƫǻǶ V
ȪȁƤǁƤ ǹǮƠǁȤȘǶ V
ǁǷƪ ȀơƪƠ a b ǹǢƼ ȪȁƤǁƤ ǹǯƫǻdžƼ V
! )
ȪȁƤǁƤ Ǵȁdzƥdž ƓơǞƼǁƤ V
ȂǨǼȇ¦
4
ǽdžơƤ ơǶǀȁǮ ǽDzơȆƠ ƣǖǀ
ǡȆǁǮ ơǶǀȁǮ ǽDzơȆƠ ǁǷƪ ǸƠƓǁǫDzƠ ȝơƥǷǶ
Ɠ
4.1.4 ǹȆƼȁǷǮ ơdžƠȁȨǁƤ ȫȇƫǮ ǹȆ Ȏ ǡȆ Ƨǻdž ÷ǹdzǷǞ ǡƫǻƪ ǡȠǻȇƤǁƤ ƽȆǀȁǶ ơƫǻȇǶ
117 DždzǮ ǵDzƠƼƼ șǻǯǣƫǻƤ
ơǺǀȁȩǷdž ǹǢƼ ơdžƠȁȨ Ƨǻdž ǸƠƼ ǸȁǮȀǀ ǹǯdzǷǟǣǶ ơȆơȨȁdž ƽȆǀȁǶ ȅƫƷȇǏǺ
Bab 11 (115-121).indd 116 05-Sep-15 1:52:48 PM
ȆǸȀǧ ǸƠƼ ȝơƤ ƦƼơƥǞ
ơdžƠȁȫ Ƶǎ ÏǔǁNJ
ǒȈƷ ƽȨǀƼ ȅȟȁdž DZǫǞǁƤ ǃȇǷǶ Ǵȏdžƚ
ƦƼȎȀ ǸƠƼ ²ƢǨǻ
Ɠ
ǁȆ Ơ ǹǮǀƠȁdzǣǶ
ươǣdž ǹǢƼ ȅǻǶ
ǹǯǪȁdžơǷǶ ²ƢǨǻ ǒȈƷ
ǵDzƠƽǮ ȁƪƠȁLJdž ƦƼȎȀ ǸƠƼ
ȪȁƤǁƪ ȢǢȀǀ
ǴȁǻȇǶ ǸƠƼ ǹǮơǶ
ƽƪǁǶ ươǣdž ǹǢƼ
ǹǢƼ ǽƫǺȁǶ
ươǣdž
ȀơƪƠ ǨȁƤơǶ ȏȇȣ
ǡƳǻȩdž ǹLJǣȇȨ ǹǮȁǮȏǶ
ȄǀơǾ ǠơȇdžƼ ǜơǷƲ
ȄǀơǾ
ȦȆ ÏƠǀơǮǁȫ
ǹǯdzǗƥǷǶ
ơdžƠȁȫ
´Ȑƻ¤ ǹǢƼ ơdžƠȁȨ ƦƼơƥǞ ǹǯȆơǺȁǻǶ ȄȏȇǺ
4.1.3 ơdžƠȁȨ ǼƼơƥǞ ȅǻDzơƳǻǶ ȫȇƫǮ ȫȆǁǶ ǹǷDzơǣȨ ǡƫǻƪ ǡȠǻȇƤǁƤ ƽȆǀȁǶ
4.1.5
ơdžƠȁȨ ǹǯdzǗƥǷǶ ǡȆ ßƠǀơǮǁȨ ǡƫǻƪ ȅdžƠȁƫȇdž ǤƠǁƥƤ DžȇLJȇDzơǺơǣǶ ƽȆǀȁǶ ơƫǻȇǶ 118
ȢǢȀǀ ǸƠƼ ƦƼȎȀ ǃȇǷǶ ƼȁǏǫǶ ƽȆǀȁǶ ƽȩǮ ǹǯǢǁƪ
Bab 11 (115-121).indd 119 05-Sep-15 1:53:52 PM
ƦƼơƥǞ ȅƪơȇƶ ǸƠƼ ȆǸȀǧ
ơdžƠȁȫ ǽǷǯƶ
Ɠ
ȄǁȆƼ ǹǯǻȇdzȩȇLJȆƽǻǶ ƽȩǮ Ǹ ƠȁǫƫǮ ǹǯƫǯǣȇǻǶ
ƢƼƠ ȅǾȁƪơǷǶ ȅƪǁȩdž ǹǮȁǮȏǶ ǩȗơƤ ǹǢƼ ƄƠ
ƦƼơƥǞ ȅǻDzơƳǻǶ ȫȇƫǮ ƦƼơƥǞ DZǷǞ
ơdžƠȁȨ
ƪǨȈǏ ǨȁȨȁǷǶ
ȅǺơǷLJƲ ȅǺơƶȀǀ ȅƪǁȩdž ǼƼȁǷƷǶ
ǀȁƲȁƲ ǁƥǎ
ȄǁȆƼ ǩȆƽȆƽǻǶ ǸƠƼ ´Ȑƻ¦
ȂLjǨǻ ƠȀơǾ ǰȀơǣǶ DŽƠǀ ǡƥǷȇƪǁƤ
Ɠ
ȅǾȀ ơƳǻǶ ȅƪǁȩdž
ƄƠ ÏǹǢǀȎ
ȄơȣơƥdzȨ ǽȤȠǻǶ
ƩȇǮơȘȨ
ǹǷDzƠƼ ǹȣǀȀƠ ǹǯƫƷȆǁǶ ǹȇȣơǿƥdž ȄƓơdžƠǁǶ
ǩǷDz ǀƽǪ ǹǯǺȀǀȁǻǶ
Ɠ
ȫȇƫǮ ǼǀƠƼ ǹǻǯƪ ǸƠƼ ǡȆ ǠǀȀƠ Ǹ ơƫȆǀƽǻȨ
ơdžƠȁȨǁƤ ǹǻǮơǶ Ƽơȇƪ
ǹdžȁǶȀǀ
ǹǯƫǯǣȇǻǶ ƩȨƠƼ ´Ȑƻ¦ ǹǢƼ ǹǮȁǮȎƼ ǡȆ ơdžƠȁȨ ǹdzǷǞ
ƦƼơƥǞ ǹǯȆơǺȁǻǶ ȄȏȇǺ
Ɠ
Ɠ
´Ȑƻ¦ ǹǢƼ ¨ǂȈƻƖƼ ǸƠƼ ơȇǺƼƼ Ǹ ơȇȣơǿƥǮ ǹǯȆǁƥǷǶ ǸƠƼ ƄƠ ƽȩǮ Ǹ ƠȁǫƫǮ
4.1.6 ǁƥǶȁdž ȄơȣơƥdzȨ ǹǮơǺȁȤǣǶ ǹǢƼ ơdžƠȁȨ ǽǷǯƶ ǡƫǻƪ ǡȠǻȇƤǁƤ ƽȆǀȁǶ ǡȇƥǷȇƤ
4.1.7
119 ǽDzȁǯdž ȀƠǀȁdžƼ ǹǮǁȇǶơȨ ǸƠƼ ǦȈƫơȆǁǮ ơƪȁǺ ǹǯdzȇǎơƶ ǹȆƼȁǷǮ ǹǞȁƲȀǀ
´Ȑƻ¦ ǹǢƼ ơdžƠȁȨǁƤ ǡȆ ǠǀȀƠ ȅȣơƤ ÀƢċ ȇǂdz¦ ȡǁNJ ǸǁƳǻȣ ǡƫǻƪ ƽȆǀȁǶ ǹǯƫǣȆƠ
Ì
È
ơǺǀȁȩǷdž ǸƠƼ
Bab 11 (115-121).indd 118 05-Sep-15 1:53:29 PM
ǦȈƫ¦ȘȂǼȇ¦ ǹǶȎ ƦƼơƥǞ
ǨȁƲơƪǁƤ ǡȆ øǸƠȁǷdzǞ ƠǀơȠȇƤù ȅƫȆȜȇƫǮƠ ǹǯǻDzơƲ
øǡDzǁǷȟ ǸƠƼ ȂȁǫƪǁƤ ǸơLJǺƠ ǨȁƫǻƥǷǶ ơǺǀȁȩǷdž ǡȆ ơdžƠȁȨù
ƽȩǮ ǡƪƠƼ ƩǶȏdž ǸƠƼ ǵǯȇdzǞ ǴȏLJDzƠ ǸƠȁǷdzǞ ƠǀơȠȇƤ
ǹȆƠ ȄǀơǾ ǹȇDzơǯdž ©¦ǂȈǓƢƷ ǸƠƼ ǺȇǂȈǓƢƷ ȂȁǫƪǁƤ ǸơLJǺƠ ǨȁƫǻƥǷǶ ơǺǀȁȬǷdž ȦȆ ơdžƠȁȫù
ǡȆ DZǺơȨ ȅdzǾƠ ǠǀȀƠ Ȣȇƪ ƩȇǮ Ǵơdž ơǶơdžǁƤ øȦDzǁǷȟ ǸƠƼ
ơǺǀȁȩǷdž ǡȆ ơdžƠȁȨù ǨȁƲơƪ DžȨȁǣǶ ǹǮƠ
øǡDzǁǷȟ ǸƠƼ ȂȁǫƪǁƤ ǸơLJǺƠ ǨȁƫǻƥǷǶ
ǨȁƫǻƥǷǶ ǵDzƠƼ ơdžƠȁȨ ǹǺƠǁȨ ǹǯȆƠǀȁǾ ȄơȨơȠǻǶ Ơǀơȟ ǽǮơǺơǷȆơȣơƤ
ǡDzǁǷȟ ǸƠƼ ȂȁǫƪǁƤ ǸơLJǺƠ ơǺǀȁȩǷdž ǡȆ ơdžƠȁȨ
4.1.5 ƨȁƥdžǁƪ ȅƫȆȜȇƫǮƠ ǹǯǻDzơƳǻǶ ƽȆǀȁǶ ǡȇƥǷȇƤ
4.1.6 Ɠ
4.1.7 DžƪƖƼ ȅƫȆȜȇƫǮƠ ǹǯǻDzơƳǻǶ ǨȁƫǺȀƠ ǹDzƠ ȁdž ǹǯȆơȣơƥdzȨ 120
Bab 11 (115-121).indd 121 05-Sep-15 1:54:59 PM
ƦƼơƥǞ ǦȈƬǯ¦ ƠƽǻȇǶ
ǽDzơȆƠ ơdžƠȁȨ
ǽDzơȆƠ ơdžƠȁȨ ȅdzǫǺ DZȇDzƼ șǻǿǷƲǁƪ ǸƠƼ ơdžƠȁȨ ȅdzǫǺ DZȇDzƼ ȝơƤ 1
ǹǣdžơȨǁƤ ƠǀơȠdž
ǹǮƠǀ ǹǢƼ Ǵơdž ơǶơdžǁƤ ǡȠǻȇƤ 2
ơdžƠȁȨ ȅdzǫǺ DZȇDzƼ ǸƠƼ ơdžƠȁȨ ǹȇƪǁǣȨ ,
ơdžƠȁȨ Ƶǎ ǔǁNJ ǸƠƼ ƣƲƠȀ ǔǁNJ ,,
ơdžƠȁȨ ǽǷǯƶ ,,,
ƨȁǯȆƠǁƤ ǡȆ ȅdžƠȁƫȇdž ǹǮǁdžƠƼǁƤ 3
ƠƽǺƠ ǹLJDzƠ ơƪǁdžǁƤ ơdžƠȁȨ Ǵȁǯƶ ǹǮơƪơȗ
ǹLJǣȇȨ ǀȁǶȁǮ ǀȁǶȁǮǁƤ ǴȁǻȇǶ ǹǫȇƫǺȁdž DZȇƥǷǣǶ
ǺȀȈƫȏ ȂǯȂƥ Ƕdz¦® ÀƢǔǷǀ ǹDzȁƤ ƽȨ Ƨǻdž ǹdzǷǞ ǩȇǷdž ȄƠǀơǻdž ǹǯdzȇǎơƶ 4
ǹǮȁǮȎƼ ǽdzƪ ǡȆ ǹdzǷǞ ƽȨ ǹǮƠƽǻƪ Ǻȇ®ȂǸǯ
3
ÀƢǔǷǀ ǹDzȁƤ ƽȫ Ƨǻdž ǹdzǷǞ
ƺȇǀơƪ
Ʀȏǎ
ǁȇǯȆƾǁƤ ǽǪƽǎǁƤ ƶȇ¦ǂƫ »ơǯƫǞƠ ȝơƥǷǶ ǀȁƷdžǁƤ
ǸƠƓǁǫDzƠ
4.1.1 4.1.5 ǹǣȠǻȇƤǁȨ ǵDzƠƼ ƽȆǀȁǶ ǡǷȇƥǷȇƤ ǸƠƼ ȅdžƠȁƫȇdž ǹǯȆơȣơƥdzȨ
4.1.2 4.1.6
121 4.1.3 4.1.7
4.1.4
Bab 11 (115-121).indd 120 05-Sep-15 1:54:27 PM
Ħ° Ä°Ƣǿ ¦Â® ƨǼLJ ¨ȐǏ ǸǁƲȏȫ ƦƼơƥǞ
ȆǸȀǧ ǸƠƼ ǹǯȇƪơǾǁȫ
0 2 ! D )ƄØ Ơ 2 ! D )ƄØ Ơ 2 ! D )ƄØ Ơ
)
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0 2 ! D )Ƅ $ )ƄØ Ơ 9 " d + " d e
)
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" 2 2 ! D )ƄØ Ơ
f!
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0f &
" ED$ f ? Y Ú ƄƠ ;2
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= 8 +
" @" .S< T " d 9 " d ) 82A 3 $ ƄƠ 9 " d + " d e
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0 $ " H Y! T" $
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0T 8G$ B iG4! i_$ T 8 i/D$
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ǁȇƥǯƪǁƤ ȄǀơǶ
0 2 ! D )ƄƠ$ )ƄƠ 9 " d + " d e
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)
ƄƠ ȅƲȁǷǶ ǁȇƥǯƪǁƤ ȄȏȇǺ
ȄƠǀ ȄǀơǾ ȅȣơȨ ƽȨ ǹǮȁǮȎ ȁǶơǮ ǡȆ ǹdzǷǞ Ǹǀơdž ǡƥǶȁdž
șȇǣDzȁǣǶ ƽȆǀȁǶ ơƫǻȇǶ ǸƠƼ ȄƠǀ ȄǀơǾ řƥǯƪ ǚǨdz ǹǮǁǢƼǁȨ 122
Bab 12 (122-128).indd 123 05-Sep-15 1:57:37 PM
ƦƼơƥǞ ȆǸȀǧ ǸƠƼ ȝơƤ
ȄƸǓȋ¦ ƽȇǞ Ʀȏǎ ǸƠƼ ÄǂǘǨdz¦ ƽȇǞ Ʀȏǎ
ȄƸǓȋ¦ ƽȇǞ Ʀȏǎ ý
ƠȀƼ Ƨǻdž Ʀȏǎ ǽDzơȆƠ ǽDzơȆƠ ÄǂǘǨdz¦ ƽȇǞ Ʀȏǎ ý
ǹǮȁǮȎƼ ǡȆ ƧǟǮǀ ȜǻǮȁǮȏǶ Ǵȁǯƶ ý ƧǟǮǀ ƠȀƼ Ƨǻdž Ʀȏǎ
Ɠ
ƧƳƷDzƠȀƾ ƽȨ ƽǮ ȁǶ Ƨǻdž ƽȨ ǹǮȁǮȎƼ ǡȆ
ƩȇƤǁƪ ƽȨǀƼ ȎȁǶǁƤ ȜǻǮơǺơLJǫdzǶ Ơǀơȟ ý ƽȨǀƼ ȎȁǶǁƤ ǰƠȁNJ
ǂȈƻ¦ǂƥ ǸƠƼ ȄǀơǾơƪơǶ ǹǮȁǮȎƼ Ƨǻdž ǸƠƼ ȄǀơǾơƪơǶ ƩȇƤǁƪ
ǁȇȠǻȇdzȣ ȏȇƤơȨƠ ǽǞơǷƲǁƤ ƠǀơȠdž ǁȇȠǻȇdzȣ ȏȇƤơȨƠ ǂȈƻƠǁƤ
ȄǀơǾơƪơǶ ǹǮȁǮȎƼ Ƶǎ ǸƠƼ ȄǀơǾơƪơǶ
șǻǯȆơǺȁǻǶ Dzǔǧ¦ ȁƫǪȀ ý ǹȆǁȆƽǻdž ƠǀơȠdž șǻǯȆơǺȁǻǶ Dzǔǧ¦ ȁƫǪȀ ý
Ɠ
ȄǀơǾơƪơǶ ȫȇƫǮ ǩȆ ơǺ ȄǀơǾơƪơǶ ȫȇƫǮ
Ɠ
ǀƽǪ ƽȨ ǩȆ ơǺ ǽDzơȤdž ǀƽǪ ƽȨ
ǽDzơȤdž
ȂǨǼȇ¦
ȄƸǓȋ¦ ƽȇǞ Ʀȏǎ ǸƠƼ ȄǂǘǨdz¦ ƽȇǞ Ʀȏǎ ý
ƦǁƳǾ ƠȀƽǮ ǸȁǾơƪ ƽȨ ǹǯƫǟȆǁNJƼ ǽdzƪ
ƩȇǻȇǶ ǠǀȁǮ ǽȇƥDz ǽDzơȆƠ ǽDzơȤdž ǀƽǪ ý
ƩȇƤǁƪ ȄǀơǾơƪơǶ Džȩdzdž
Ɠ
4.2.1 ȄƸǓȋ¦ ƽȇǞ Ƨǻdž Ʀȏǎ ǸƠƼ ÄǂǘǨdz¦ ƽȇǞ Ƨǻdž Ʀȏǎ ǹȇƪǁǣȨ ǡƫǻƪ ƢƠȁƲ ǰƠ ȁdžǁƤ
123 șǻǮȁǮȏǶ Ǵȁǯƶ ơƪǁdž
Ɠ
ǽDzơȤdž ǀƽǪ ƽȨ ǩȆ ơǺ ȄǀơǾơƪơǶ ȁƫǪȀ ƼȁǏǫǶ ƽȆǀȁǶ ƽȩǮ ǹǯLJdzƲ
Bab 12 (122-128).indd 122 05-Sep-15 1:56:50 PM
øƦƼơƥǞ ǾǸȈƻ ǴǁȣȀǁȫù
ǹǯȇdžȎȁǷȇdž ǸƠƼ ȆǸȀǧ ƦƼơƥǞ
ȄƸǓȋ¦ ƽȇǞ ǸƠƼ ÄǂǘǨdz¦ ƽȇǞ Ƨǻdž Ʀȏǎ ǸƠȀƽǻȫ
ǹǮǁǢƼ ǼƾơƫdžƖ
Ȅơdž ƧȇǺ ǚǨdz
ƧȇǺ
ÄǂǘǨdz¦ ƽȇǞ Ƨǻdž Ʀȏǎ ƧȇǺ ǚǨdz
)
"
A ! " ! m" P! k " 8
" / F
N= " .ED
!
9)
!
- A ÊÚ Ƅ < <O<
f )
Ƨǻdž Ʀȏǎ ȁǮƠ ươǿdž ȚƼȁǏǫǶ
ǽȇDzơǞ DŽȁȣơƤ Ȅơȣơƥdž ƧǟǮǀ ƠȀƼ ÄǂººǘººǨººdz¦ ƽȇǞ
ȃDzơǟƪ ƄƠ ǸƠǁǮ ǴȁǶƗǶ
ȄƸǓȋ¦ ƽȇǞ Ƨǻdž Ʀȏǎ ƧȇǺ ǚǨdz
)
"
A ! -; ! j4k " 8
" / F
N= " .ED
!
9)
!
ȂǨǼȇ¦ - A ÊÚ Ƅ < <O<
f )
Ǵȁdzƥdž ǹǮȁǮȎƼ ǽȇDzȁƤ ǡȆ Ƨǻdž ǹdzǷǞ ƩȨƠƼǁƪ Ƨǻdž Ʀȏǎ ȁǮƠ ươǿdž ȚƼȁǏǫǶ
ƽȇǞ ǸƠƼ ÄǂǘǨdz¦ ƽȇǞ Ƨǻdž Ʀȏǎ ǹǯȆơǺȁǻǶ Ȅơȣơƥdž ƧǟǮǀ ƠȀƼ ȄƸǓȋ¦ ƽȇǞ
ȄǀơǾ Ƨǻdž ȄƽǻǶ ǽDzơȆƠ ȚƠǀơƫǺƠ ȄƸǓȋ¦
ǸƠƼ ÄǂǘǨdz¦ ƽȇǞ ƦȏǎǁƤ Ǵȁdzƥdž ǹǮơǶ ȄƠǀ ȃDzơǟƪ ƄƠ ǸƠǁǮ ǴȁǶƗǶ
ȄƸǓȋ¦ ƽȇǞ ȅȣơƤ ƦȏǎǁƤ Džȩdzdž
4.2.2 ȄǀơǾ ƠȀƼ Ƨǻdž Ʀȏǎ ƧȇǺ ǚǨdz lP;L< ǸƠƼ ȝơƥǷǶ ȅƤȁƪ ǽȇƪȎ ƽȆǀȁǶ ơƫǻȇǶ
4.2.3
ǹǮƠǀ Ǵơdž ơǶơdžǁƤ ȄƠǀ 124
Bab 12 (122-128).indd 125 05-Sep-15 1:58:32 PM
ƦƼơƥǞ ȄƸǓȋ¦ ƽȇǞ ǸƠƼ ÄǂǘǨdz¦ ƽȇǞ Ƨǻdž Ʀȏǎ ǹǯȆơǺȁǻǶ Ơǀơȟ
ƠȀƽǮ ƧǟǮǀ
Ɠ
Ʀǁȇƥǯƪ ǹǢƼ Ȅ ȎȁǶƼ 1
ǁȇƥǯƪ ƨȎơǫƫǺȌƠ Ǵơƪǁȫ ƧǟǮǀ
Ɠ
ƠȀƽǮ ƧǟǮǀ Ǹ ȎȁǶǁȨƼ
Ɠ
ǴƠǁƶȌƠ Ʀǁȇƥǯƪ ǹǢƼ Ȅ ȎȁǶ 1
ǵȇDz ǩȗơƥdž ǁȇƥǯƪ ǺǰǜǨǴǷ 2 ƧȇǺ ơƪǁdž
ǹǢƼ ȅǣdzdžƼ ǸƠƼ ȅDzơǮ
Ɠ
ƵȇƥLJƪ Ǹ ơȟơƤ ƴƢƬƬǧƠ ƓơǞƼ ȝơƥǷǶ 2
ǼȁƲȁƪ ǩȗơƥdž ǁȇƥǯƪ ǺǰǜǨǴǷ 3
ƨƸƫƢǨdz¦ Ʀǀȁdž ȝơƥǷǶ 3
Ɠ
Ǹ ơȟơƤ ǹǢƼ ȅǣdzdžƼ ǸƠƼ ȅDzơǮ
Ʀǀȁdž ȝơƥǷǶ 4
ƵȇƥLJƪ
Ʀǀȁdž ȝơƥǷǶ ǹǯƫǻdžƼ
ƧȇNJƢǤdz¦ ÚÚ Ƅ ) 8 ;! k$ Ú Ƅĝ ;2
!
!)
,
ƠȀƽǮ ƧǟǮǀ ǹǮơǺǀȁȩǷȘǶ 5 . 2 ! D )Ú Ƅĝ$ Ú Ƅĝ 9 " d + " d $
Ù
ȄơLJdzdž Ȣǣȇǿdž )
ƨƸƫƢǨdz¦ Ʀǀȁdž ȝơƥǷǶ 4
Ʀǀȁdž ȝơƥǷǶ 5
ȄơLJdzdž ǽdzƫdž çǸȀơǮ ȃdzǞȊƠ Ʀǀȁdž ȝơƥǷǶ ǹǯƫǻdžƼ
ơȨȁDz ǹǢơƲ Ʀȏǎ
ƨƦǘƻ ǁǢƽǻǶ Ȣǣȇǿdž ǴơƪǁȨ ƧǟǮǀ ǹǮơǺǀȁȩǷȘǶ 6
ȄơLJdzdž
4.2.2 ǹDzȁȩǶȁǮǁƤ ƠǀơȠdž ȄƠǀ ȄǀơǾ ƠȀƼ Ƨǻdž Ʀȏǎ ȅdžȎȁǷȇdž ȅƫȆȜȇƫǮƠ ǹǯǻDzơƲ
4.2.3 Ɠ
125 4.2.5 ǹȆȏȇǻȨ ƨƠȁƥǷǶ ǹȆ Ȏ ǹDzȁȩǶȁǮ ȎơǮơǺơǶ
Ȁǀȁȣ ǹȨƼơǾƼ ȀƽȆȜȆƽǻȆƠ ǸƠƼ ǹDzȁȩǶȁǮ DždzǮ ƠǀơȠdž ƵȇƥLJƪ ǚǨdz ǹǮǁǢƼǁȨ
Bab 12 (122-128).indd 124 05-Sep-15 1:57:59 PM
ȅƪơȇƶ ǸƠƼ ȆǸȀǧ ƦƼơƥǞ
Ƨǻdž Ʀȏǎ ǽǷǯƶ
ȄƠǀ ȄǀơǾ ƠȀƼ
ǴơdžơƲǁǮ ǹǯǪȁƳǺȁǻǶ
DžƪƠ ǀȁǯNJ DŽƠǀ ǹǮǁȇǾȏǶ ǹǣDzơǮ ǵDzƠƼ ǸƠȀƼơȨǁȨ ǸƠƼ
Ɠ
ƄƠ Ǹ ơȇǺǀȁǮ ƩǷǟǺ Ǵȏdžƚ ƩǶȀƠ
ǸƠȁǾơƫǣȨ ȁǷdzǞ ǽƥǷǻǶ ƄƠ ǸǁLJƥǮ ǹǯǢȁȣơǣǶ
Ǵȏdžƚ ǀơǟNJ ǹǯǫȤǻǶ ǵȇƶǁDzƠ Ƨdzǎ ǹǯƪǁǣǶ
ȄǁȆƼ ǩȆƽȆƽǻǶ
ǹȇdzȩȇLJȆƼǁƤ ơȆơȨȁdž
ǹdžȁǶȀǀ
ƨȁƫǺȁƪƼ ƩǢơdž ǸƠƼ ǽǷǯƶ ǩȗơƤ ȅǢȀƽǺơǣǶ ȄƠǀ ȄǀơǾ ƠȀƼ Ƨǻdž Ʀȏǎ
șǻǯdzȤǣȇǻǶ ǽǺǁȨ Ǩƽȇƪ U ƄƠ ǰȁdžǀ Ȣǣȇǿdž Ǵȏdžƚ ǵDzƠƼ
ǵdzLJǶ ǴơLJdž ¨ȂƻƠ ǨȁȨȁǷǶ ȄȏȇǺ
Ɠ
4.2.4 ȄƠǀ ȄǀơǾ ƠȀƼ Ƨǻdž Ʀȏǎ ǹǯȆơǺȁǻǶ ǹȆ Ȏ ßǽǷǯƶ ǹǯǣȠǻȇƥǷǶ ƽȆǀȁǶ ơƫǻȇǶ
4.2.5
ǹDzȁȩǶȁǮ ǵDzƠƼ 126
Bab 12 (122-128).indd 127 05-Sep-15 1:59:20 PM
ƦƼơƥǞ ǁȇƥǯƪ ƠȀƼ ƠǀơƫǺƠ ƵȇƥLJƪ ȝơƤ 2 ǦȈƫƠȘȁǻȆƠ ǹǶȎ
øƠƽǻȇǶ Ȫǯȟù ȅƫȆȜȇƫǮƠ ǹǯǻDzơƲ 1
1
Ƨǻdž Ʀȏǎ ƧȇǺ ǺǰǜǨdz
Ʀȏǎ ǸƠƼ ÄǂǘǨdz¦ ƽȇǞ
3 ȄƸǓȋ¦ ƽȇǞ Ƨǻdž
Ǵơdž ơǶơdžǁƤ ȄƠǀ ǁȇƥǯƪǁƤ
5
Ƨǻdž Ʀȏǎ ȅdžȎȁǷȇdž ƨƠȁƤ
4
ƽȨǀƼ ȎȁǶǁƤ ȄƠǀ ȄǀơǾ ƠȀƼ
Ƨǻdž Ʀȏǎ Ơǀơȟ ơƪơƪ ǹǯȆƠǀơǻdž Ȣǣȇǿdž ȄƠǀ ȄǀơǾ ǁȇƥǯƪ ǚǨdz
ơǺǀȁȩǷdž ǹǢƼ ȄƠǀ ȄǀơǾ ƠȀƼ Ʀȏǎ ȄơLJdzdž
Ɠ
ȅƫȆƙȇƫǮƠ Ǹ ơǺơLJǫdzȫ Ơǀơȟ
ǹȆȏȇǻȨ ƽǮ ƩȨƠƽǻǶ ǹDzȁȩǶȁǮ Ǥơȇƫdž ǸƠƼ ǹDzȁȩǶȁǮ ǵȇDz ƽȩǮ ƽȆǀȁǶ ǹǯȇȣơǿƤ
ǹƪȀǀȀƠǁƤ ƠǀơȠdž ǹȇLJȇƫdž ȢǣȇǾ ǹȇLJȇƫdž ȄǀƼ ȅƫȆȜȇƫǮƠ ǹǮȎȁǷǶ ƽȆǀȁǶ
Ɠ
ǼƽǻȇȨǁƤ Ǵȁdzƥdž ǹLJȣȁƪ ƠȁǷdž Ȅ ơdžƠȁǣǶ ƩȨƠƼ ǹDzȁȩǶȁǮ ȅdzǾƠ Ǥơȇƫdž ǹǯȇƫLJȨ
Ɠ
Ɠ
Ȅ ơdžƠȁǣǶ ǴȁdzƤ ǡȆ ǹǮƠǀ ǡȇƥǷȇƤ ǸƠƼ ǹȆ Ȏ ǹȇLJȇƫLJǮ
4.2.2 ƽȆǀȁǶ ǽȇDzȀƠ ǹǮȁǮȎƼ ǡȆ ȄƠǀ ȄǀơǾ ƠȀƼ Ƨǻdž Ʀȏǎ ȅdžȎȁǷȇdž ǹǷǪǀ ƨƠȁƤ
4.2.3
127 4.2.5 ǹȆȏȇǻȨ ƨƠȁƤƼ ǨȁƫǺȀƠ DždzǮ ǵDzƠƼƼ ǹǯǣȆơƪ ǸƠƼ
Bab 12 (122-128).indd 126 05-Sep-15 1:58:58 PM
ƦƼơƥǞ ǦȈƬǯ¦ ƠƽǻȇǶ
ǸƠƼ ÄǂǘǨdz¦ ƽȇǞ Ƨǻdž Ʀȏǎ ǹȇƪǁǣȨ ǹǮơƪơȗ 1
ǹǢƼ Ǵơdž ơǶơdžǁƤ ȄƸǓȋ¦ ƽȇǞ Ƨǻdž Ʀȏǎ
șǶȁǯƶ ǹǯƪȁƥdž ǹȆƼȁǷǮ ǹǮƠǀ
Ʀȏǎ ǽǷǯƶ ǹDzȁȩǶȁǮ ǵDzƠƼ ǹǯǣȠǻȇƤ 2
ǵDzƠƼ DžȇDzȁƪ ǸƠƼ ȄƠǀ ȄǀơǾ ƠȀƼ Ƨǻdž
ǹLJƥǷȆƠ ƽǮ
ǹLJDzƠ ơƪǁdžǁƤ ȁǶơǮ ǹǢƽǻȨ ǹǯȆǁƤ ǼȀơƤƼ ȅdžƠȁƫȇdž ǹǮǁdžƠƼǁƤ 3
ÄǂǘǨdz¦ ƽȇǞ Ƨǻdž Ʀȏǎ ƠȀƽǮ ƧǟǮǀ ƽȨ ǨȁƥLJǶ ƩȩǷdž ǵȇǮơƶ I
ƽƳLJǶƼ ǽǞơǷƲǁƤ ȄƠǀ ȄǀơǾ Ʀȏǎ ǹǯȆơǺȁǻǶ ƩȨƠƼ Ǩƽȇƪ ƧȇDzơǞ II
ǩȆƼƠ ȡơƳǻǶ ȚȁƥȆƠ ȁƫǻƥǷǶ ǸƠǁǮ
ȄƼ ȄƠǀ ȄǀơǾ Ƨǻdž ƦȏǎǁƤ ǨȁƫǺȀƠ ƽƳLJǶƼ ơƥȇƪ ƧǺơƶǂǧ ȫȇƫǮ III
ȄƠǀ ȄǀơǾ Ƨǻdž Ʀȏǎ ǹǯȆơǺȁǻǶ ȄơLJdzdž ǽdzƪ ǽǞơǷƲ ƠǀơȨ ȅƫȨƠƽǻǶ
ȄȏȇǺƼ ǸƠƼ ǹDzȁȩǶȁǮǁƤ ƠǀơȠdž ȄƠǀ ȄǀơǾ ƠȀƼ Ƨǻdž Ʀȏǎ ǹǯȇdžȎȁǷȇdž 4
Ɠ
ǹȆ Ȏ ǹDzȁȩǶȁǮ ǽȇDzȀƠ
Ɠ
Ɠ
4.2.1 ȄǁƲȏȨƼ ǡȆ ǨȁƲơƪ ǹǢƼ ǹƫȆ ơǮǁƤ DždzǮ ǵDzƠƼƼ ǃȆ ȁǮ ȅƫȆȜȇƫǮƠ ǹǯǻDzơƲ
4.2.3 Ɠ Ɠ
4.2.4 Ƨǻdž Ʀȏǎ Ȅ ơdžƠȁǣǶ ǴȁdzƤ ǡȆ ǹȆ Ȏ ǹǮƠǀ ǡȇƥǷȇƥǷǶ DŽȀǀȁƪ ƽȆǀȁǶ ơƫǻȇǶ 128
4.2.5
ȄƠǀ ȄǀơǾ
Bab 12 (122-128).indd 128 05-Sep-15 1:59:48 PM
ƦƼơƥǞ ǺǰƫȐǏ® ȂǷƢǯ ¿ȂǴƦLJ ǾǴƫȐǏ ǸǁƲȏȫ
ǹǯȨȠǻȇƤ ǸƠƼ ǹǯȇƪơǾǁȫ
U ƄƠ ǰȁdžǀ ƮȇƾƷ
)
5Y" 2" G E - ./ Ü W .E
!
ǵdzLJǶȀ Ä°ƢƼƦdz¦ ǼƠȀǀ
ǼǂơǻƲ ǽdzǻǯǣȇǿƥǷdž ȚƼȁǏǫǶ
ǹȆƠ ȁǶơǮ ƩƤơƷǎ
ƦƼơƥǞ ǹǮơȨȀǁǶ ȅƪơǶ ȅƫǣȇǣǶ ȄȏȇǺ
Ɠ
4.3 ƽȆǀȁǶ ǹǷDzơǣȨ ǹǢƼ ǹǯƫȆ ơǮ ǸƠƼ DžƪƖƼ ǁƥǷȣ Ǹǀơdž ǡƥǶȁdž
129
Bab 13 (129-134).indd 129 05-Sep-15 2:02:31 PM
ǰȁƫƤ ǹȧƼ ȝơƤ ƦƼơƥǞ
ǤȀƽȇǾ ǡȆ Ǵȏdžƚ ǠǀȀƠ ǽȇDzȀƠ ǹǮȁǮȎƼ ǡȆ Ʀȏǎ ǽDzơȆƠ ǼǂơǻƲ Ʀȏǎ ǹȇƪǁȨȫ ý
ơȇǺƼ DZȤǣȇǻǶ ǽdzƪ ǡȆ Ǵȏdžƚ ǠǀȀƠ DžƪƗǮ
ƨȇƢǨǯ µǂǧ ǽDzơȆƠ ǼǂơǻƲ Ʀȏǎ ǹǮȁǮȏǶ Ǵȁǯƶ ý
ǹǮȁǮȎƼ Ƶǎ ǸƠƼ ǽǞơǷƲǁƤ ƠǀơȠdž ǹǮȁǮȎƼ Ƨǻdž ǽDzơȆƠ ȜǻǮơǺơLJǫdzǶ Ơǀơȟ ý
ǹȆǁȆƽǻdžǁƤ ƠǀơȠdž
ƧȇǺ ǼǂơǻƲ
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ǹȆƠ ǸƠȁȩǶǁȨ çǩǺơǮ ƩȇǶ DžƪƗǮ Ʀȏǎ ȁǮƠ ươǿdž șƼȁǏǫǶ
ȃDzơǟƪ ƄƠ ǸƠǁǮ ǴơǶƠ ƨȁǯȇǣǶ ƨȇƢǨǯ µǂǧ ǁȇƥǯƪ ƩȩǶƠ
4.3.1 ǹǮƠǀ ǹǢƼ Ǵơdž ơǶơdžǁƤ șǶȁǯƶ ǸƠƼ ǼǂơǻƲ Ʀȏǎ ǹȇƪǁǣȨ ǹǯǢǁƪ
4.3.2
ǰȁƫƤ ǹǢƼ ǼǂơǻƲ Ʀȏǎ ƧȇǺ ǚǨdz ǙĦƷǣǶ ǸƠƼ ȝơƥǷǶ ƽȆǀȁǶ ǡȇƥǷȇƤ 130
Bab 13 (129-134).indd 131 05-Sep-15 2:02:59 PM
ƦƼơƥǞ ǹǯȇdžȎȁǷȇdž ǸƠƼ ȅƫȇdzƪ
ǼǂơǻƲ Ʀȏǎ ǹǮơǺơLJǫdzǶ ƨȈǨȈǯ
ȁȩǷǶ ǡȆ ȅȣơƤ ȄǁȆƼǁƤ 1
ǺǰǜǨǴǷ ȫȇƫǮ ȅƪơǾ ǵDzƠƼ ƧȇǺǁƤ 2
ǴƠǁƶȌƠ Ʀǁȇƥǯƪ
ƨƸƫƢǨdz¦ ȝơƥǷǶ 3
ƠȀƽǮ ǡȆ ǁȇƥǯƪ 4
U ƽǷƷǶ ȅƥǺ DžƪƗǮ ƨƠȁdzǎ ȝơƥǷǶ 5
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Ɠ
ǸƠƼ șǺ ơȇDzȁǷǮ ǽdzǻǯǿƥǷƪ ǸƠƼ
ȡǀƠȁdzǮ ƽȩǮ ƧǷƶǀ ǽdzǻǯǿȩǷȇDz
U ƽǷƷǶ ȅƥǺ ȅǶơǮ ǹǢȁƳǺȁƲ
ȢȇƫǮ ǡȆ ǁȇƥǯƪ 6
Ɠ
4.3.2 ǡȆ ƧȇǷȇǾƠǁƤƠ ƨƠȁdzǎ ǹǢƼ ǠȁƥǶơdžƼ ǽȇDzȁƤ ƨƠȁdzǎ Ǹ ơȟơƤ ƠȁǿƤ ƽȆǀȁǶ ƽȩǮ ǹǯǶȁdzǟǶ
4.3.3
131 4.3.4 ơǺǀȁȩǷdž ǸƠƼ ȧǯǣDz
Bab 13 (129-134).indd 130 05-Sep-15 2:02:48 PM
ǼǂơǻƲ ǨȁƫǺȀƠ ƓơǞƼǁƤ 7 ƦƼơƥǞ
ƓơǞƼ ǼǂơǻƲ
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ǽdzǻǯǿȩǷȇDz ȚơdžȀƼ ȎơȤdž ǽdzǻǯǺȁȩǶƠ ȅǶơǮ ǹǾȁƪ ơȆ ƄƠ ơȆ șƼȁǏǫǶ
șǻǿDzơLJǮ ȎơȤdž ǾǴǼǰǧƢǠǷ ȄƼ ǽdzǻǯƫǶȏdž ȚƠƽȩǮ ƧǷƶǀ
ƩȩǶƗǮ ǡȆ ǁȇƥǯƪ 8
ǼǂơǻƲ ǨȁƫǺȀƠ ƓơǞƼǁƤ 9
ƓơǞƼ ǼǂơǻƲ
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ƽȨǀƼ ȅǶơǮ ǹǮơȩǷǾ ȀơǯǢƠ ǽdzǻǢơƲ ȅǶơǮ ǹǾȁƪ ơȆ ƄƠ ơȆ șƼȁǏǫǶ
șǻdzȤǣȇǻȩdž ȅǶơǮ ǹǯƫLJdž ȀơǯǢƠ ǽdzǻǢơƲ ǸƠƼ șǻǯǣȇǿƥǷȘǶ ȎơǿȨ ƩȨƠƽǻǶ
ȅƪơǶ ȅdž ǸƠƼ ȅǶơǮ ǽdzȇǺȁȩǶƠ ǸƠƼ
Ǵȏdž ȄǁƥǷǶ 10
ǹdžȁǶȀǀ
ƨȁƫǺȁƪƼ Ǵȏdžƚ ƩǶȀƠ ȂǨǼȇ¦
ǼǂơǻƲ Ʀȏǎ ǹǮơǺơLJǫdzǶ ǼǂơǻƲ Ʀȏǎ ȫȇƫǮ ǼǂơǻƲ ǸƠƼ ǴơǶƠ ǹǪȀƼȀƽǮ
ǹǮơȨȀǁǶ ǹȆƠ Ʀȏǎ ǸƠǁǮ ǴơǶƠ ȄǁȇǮ ǽdzƥdžƼ ȚȎơȩǮ ǹǯǫƫDz ȅǮȏDz ǼǂơǻƲ I
ǤȀƽȇǾ ǡȆ ǵdzLJǶ ƢƠȁƳǢȁȤǣƪ ȎơǮơǺơǶ ǴơǶƠ ǹǺơǮ ǽdzƥdžƼ șǺƼơƤ ǹȇȣơǿƤ ǹǢƼ
ȚȎơȩǮ ǹȇȣơǿƤƼ ȄǁȆƼǁƤ ǴơǶƠ
ơȇǺƼ DZȤǣȇǻǶ ǡȆ ǵdzLJǶ DžƪƗǮ
DŽƠǀ ǹǮǁȇǾȏǶ ƩȨƠƼ ǹȆƠ ǹdzǷǞ ȚȎơȩǮ ǹǯǫƫDz
. M ǸƠƼ ǸƠȁȬǶǁȫ ǼǂơǻƲ II
ǹȇȣơǿƤƼ ȄǁȆƼǁƤ ǴơǶƠ ȎơǮơǺơǶ ǴơǶƠ ǹǺơǮ ǽdzƥdžƼ
ȄǁȆƼ ǵDzƠƼ ǺǧơǏǻȆƗǮ șǢȁȤǢȁȨ
4.3.2 ǰȁƫƤ ǹǢƼ ǼǂơǻƲ Ʀȏǎ ȅdžȎȁǷȇdž ǹǮȁǮȏǶ ƽȆǀȁǶ ǡȇƥǷȇƤ
4.3.3 Ʀȏǎ DŽơǷdž ǼǂơǻƲ DžƪƗǮ ȝơƤƼ ǽȇDzȁƤ ǡȆ ǹǿƥǷƪ ƓơǞƼ ƽȆǀȁǶ ƽȩǮ ǹǮǁȨơȨ
4.3.4 132
Ƥȇ Ƣǣ ǼǂơǻƲ Ʀȏǎ ȧȇLJǺȁǮ ƽȆǀȁǶ ƽȩǮ ǹǯLJdzƲ
Bab 13 (129-134).indd 133 05-Sep-15 2:03:40 PM
ƦƼơƥǞ ǦȈƫƠȘȁǻȆƠ ǹǶȎ
øǼǂơǻƲ Ʀȏǎ ȄǀơƫLJȇƤ ǵȇǮù
Ǵȏdžƚ ǹǫȆƽȆƽǻȨ ơȇƫȇǺơȨ ǸǀȁƳǺƠ
Ɠ
2 ǩƥǶȁȣ Ȅǁdž ǹǶơƪ Ǹ ơLJǣƥǮ ǽDzȁǯdž
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ȅƫȆƙȇƫǮƠ Ǹ ơǺơLJǫdzȫ Ơǀơȟ
.
ǹDzȁȩǶȁǮ ǤƠǁƥƤ ƽȩǮ ƽȆǀȁǶ ǹǯȇȣơǿƤ .
ȅdžȎȁǷȇdž ǹǮȁǮȏǶ ǹDzȁȩǶȁǮ Ǥơȇƫdž
ǹDzȁȩǶȁǮ ǽȇDzȀƠ ȄȏȇǺƼ ǸƠƼ ǼǂơǻƲ Ʀȏǎ
Ɠ
ǩȇǷdž ȄƠǀơǻdž ǹǮơǺȁȤǣǶ ǹǢƼ ǹȆ Ȏ
4.3.2 ƽȆǀȁǶ ƽȩǮ ǹǯȆǁƤƼ ǨȁƫǺȀƠ ǼǂơǻƲ Ʀȏǎ ǹǮơǺơLJǫdzǶ ƨȈǨȈǯ ǩǷȇdž ȄƠǀơǻdž ǹǮơȆƽdž
4.3.3 ȫȆǁǶ ƩȩǷƪƼ ǹȇƪơǷǮ ȁǮȎǁƤ ȏȇƤơȨƠ ǼǂơǻƲ Ʀȏǎ ǹǯdzǷǟǣǶ ƽȆǀȁǶ ǹǯǫDzơȣ
133 4.3.4
Bab 13 (129-134).indd 132 05-Sep-15 2:03:24 PM
Ʀȏǎ ǹȇƪǁǣȨ ý
ǼǂơǻƲ
Ǵȁǯƶ ý
ǦȈƬǯ¦ ƠƽǻȇǶ ƦƼơƥǞ
șǶȁǯƶ ǸƠƼ ǼǂơǻƲ Ʀȏǎ ǹȇƪǁǣȨ ǹǮơƪơȗ 1
ǁȇDzƠ ơƪǁȟ ƽȨ ǼǂơǻƲ Ʀȏǎ ǸƠȀƽǻȨ ǹǯȩǯǣDz 2
ƨȁǯȆƠǁƤ
.3 .2 .1
.7 .6 .5 .4
ȄǁƥǷǶ .10
Ǵȏdž .9 .8
ǽƪơǮǁƤȀ ƄƠ ƧǷƶǀȀ ǵǯȇdzǞ ǴȏLJDzƠ
ȅdzǾƠ ǠǀȀƗdž ƠȀơǿƤ ǹǯǶȁdzǟǶƼ ơƫȇȟơǮȀƼ
ǽdzƪ ƄƠ ƽƥǞ ǹƤ ƽǷƶƖ ƠǀƠƼȀơdž ƩȇǮ ǽȆǁǪ
ȅȣơȨ 5.30 ǵƲ ƽȨ ƄƠ ƧǷƶǁǮ ȅDzơƥǷǮ
ǵƲ ƽȨ ǹǮơǺơLJǫDzƼ ǹǮƠ ǼǂơǻƲ Ʀȏǎ
ǽȇdžơǮ ơǷȆǁƪ Ǹơȇǯdž ȅȣơȨ 10.00
ǹǮȁǮȎ ȁǶơǮ ǹǮƠ ǡȆ ǹǪƽǻȇƪ ǺǯǂȈǰȈǧ ƨȁƥdžǁƪ ǹȇƪơǷǮ ǹǶȁǶȁǣȨ ǹǮǁdžƠƼǁƤ
ƨȁƥdžǁƪ ǹǶȁǶȁǣȨ ǁǢƽǻǶ ǽdzƫdž I
Ʀȏǎ ǹǯȆơǺȁǻǶ ơƪǁdž ƨȀǀȁƪ ȁǶơǮ ǡȇdzȇdzǯdžƼ ǠǀȀƠ ǹǯǫDzơȤǣǶ ǨȁƫǺȀƠ II
ƽƳLJǶƼ ǼǂơǻƲ
Ɠ
4.3.1 ǨȁƲơƪ Ȅ ơdžƠȁǣǶ ƩȨƠƼ ǁȣƠ ȅƫȆȜȇƫǮƠ ǹǮȁǮȏǶ ƽȆǀȁǶ ơƫǻȇǶ
4.3.2 Ȁǀȁȣ ƽȩǮ ǼǂơǻƲ Ʀȏǎ ƓơǞƼ ǸƠƼ ƧȇǺ Ǹ ơȟơƤ ǹǮǁǢƼǁȨ
Ɠ
4.3.3 134
Bab 13 (129-134).indd 135 05-Sep-15 2:04:02 PM
Ǽǁȇdž ƧȇƥȆƽƶ ǹȇƳǻƲǁȫ ǸǁƲȏȫ
ǹǮǂȈǰȈǧ À¦® ǹǯȇƪơǾǁȫ
ƧȇƥȆƽƶƼ ơǻȇƤƼ ǡȆ ƽƳLJǶ . ƧǻȆƽǶ É
ƨǨȈÈ ǴƸdz¦Â¯
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ƧȇƥȆƽƶ ǹǪȀƼȀƽǮ ơƫȨ
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ơǻȩǷdžǁƤ ǹǮơǶơǺƼ ƧȇƥȆƽƶ ǹȇƳǻƲǁȨ
ǹȇƳǻƲǁȨ șȆƠǁƫǶǁƪ ƩȩǷƪ ǴơǺ ǹǢƼ
ƧȇƥȆƽƶƼ ƩȆ ơȆ ǹȆƠ
Ɠ
Ɠ
5.1.1 ǨȁƲơƪ ǹǢƼ șǻǯƫȆ ơǮ ơƪǁdž ǁƥǷȣ ǸƠƼ DŽ ȫȇƪ ǡƫǻƪ Ǹǀơdž ǡƥǶȁdž
135
Bab 14 (135-141).indd 135 05-Sep-15 5:09:18 PM
ȆǸȀǧ ǸƠƼ ȝơƤ Ǽǁȇdž
ƧȇƥȆƽƶ ǹȇƳǻƲǁȫ ƠȁȇƫLJȆǁȫ ȦǮȏƤ ǁƪȎ
1
ǀȁǮȁȟǁƤ ǴƠǁƷDzƠ ƽƳLJǶ ȅǢȁƳǺȁǣǶ ȅȩǷȇǶǁƤ ǽdzƪ U ƽǷƷǶ ȅƥǺ ȄǀơǾ ȁƪƠȁdž ƽȨ
ȅȩǷȇǶ ǹǮơƫȆǁȠǻǶ ƠƽǻȇȤƤ ƩƤơƷǎ ƠǀơȨ ǹǢƼ Ǵơdž ơǶơdžǁƤ ƨȁƥǶǀ ǡȇƫǺȁȣǁƤ ǸƠƼ
ǸƠƼ ƦǁǷǞ ǹǯȆơǺȁǻǶ ǹȨơȇdžǁȨ ƨƠȁƥǷǶ ȫȆǁǶ ȁDzȎ ǹȇǷdzLJǶ ǴȁǪ ƽȩǮ ƨȁƥdžǁƪ
ǹǫǺǁƪ ǸƠȁȇƶ ƠȀơƥǷǶ ȫȆǁǶ ƦǁƳǾ ǵǺƗǮ ǸȁǾơƪ ƦƽǟǫDzƠȀƾ ǹDzȁƤ ƽȨ ƧǯǷǮ ƩǯǢƠǁƤ
ǠǀȀƠ 1400 ȄơǶƠǁdž ȫȆǁǶ ǹǣdzȇƤ ƄƠ ƩȇƤƼ ǽȇdzƥǷdžƼ ǨȁƫǺȀƠ Ǵơdž ơǶơdžǁƤ
2
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ǡDzơǿǣǶ ǸƠƼ ȅǢǁǷǶ ǨȁƫǺȀƠ ơȆƽdž ǤơȇdžǁƤ Ǡƽdž
ǽȇdzȇǷǶ ƠƽǻȇȤƤ ƩȆƠ ǽȇDzȀƠ ƠƽǻȇȤƤ ǹǢȁƥǶȀǀ
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ƠƽǻȇȤƤ ȅǻȇdžƼ ǹǻDzơƲǁȨ ǹǯdžȀǁǻǶ ȁǾơǶ Ǩƽȇƪ 1 @ ! ǴơǺǁƤ ǡȆ ƠƽǻȇȤƤ ơƫǺȀƠ ȏȇƤơȨƠ
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ƠƽǻȇȤƤ ƧǯǷǮ ƠƽǻȇȤƤ ǸƠȁƲȁƪ ǹǮơȗơƪǁƤ ǡȆ N" / iS! 1 M $ p 8 ȅǢȁƳǺȁǮƼ
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!
ǹȇǮǁNjǶ ǹȆƼȁǷǮ ƦǁǷǞ ǹǯȆơǺȁǻǶ ǨȁƫǺȀƠ ƨơǶ ơƪơǷdž ȫȆǁǶ ǸƠȁƲȁƪ ǹǯLJȤǻǶ
ǹǢƼ ǡȆƽǺȀǁƤ ǨȁƫǺȀƠ A>< ?$ / ȚƠǀơƫǺƠ ȅȣȎ ǹdžȁƪȀƠ ǤƠǁƥƤ ǁƫǺơǿǣǶ ljȆǁǪ
)
!) !
!
ƦǁǷǞ ǹǯȆơǺȁǻǶ ǨȁƫǺȀƠ ƧǯǷǮ ƠƽǻȇȤƤ ǸƠȁƲȁƪ ljȆǁǪ ǹȇǮǁNjǶ ǹǯǻȇǫȇǶ ƦȀǁǞ ȅƥǺ
5.1.1 ƶƬǨdz¦ Ʀǀȁdž 27 ƧȆƠ ǵDzƠƼ ǹǮơƫȆǁȟƼ ƼƠ ƩȆƠ ǁǻƤ ǡȆ ȅƥǺ ȅȩǷȇǶ ƠȀơǿƤ ƽȆǀȁǶ ȁǾơƫȆǁƤ
ǹǮȁǮȏǶ ǵDzƠƼ ȫȆǁǶ ƧǶơǫƫdžƠ ǸƠƼ ǹǾȁȤǢȁLJǮ ǼȁƫǺȁȟ ǹǯȆǁƥǷǶ ƽȆǀȁǶ ơƫǻȇǶ 136
ƩȇǮơdž Ǡƽdž ǸƠƼ ǂǧƢLjǷ ȫȇƫǮ Ƨǻdž ǸƠƼ µǂǧ ƦƼơƥǞ
Bab 14 (135-141).indd 137 05-Sep-15 5:09:47 PM
Ǽǁȇdž 7
ȫȆǁǶ ǹǫǺǁƪ ǸƠȁȇƶ ǽȇdzƥǷȘǶ ǹǢƼ pW .; ǹȇǷdzLJǶ ǴȁǪ ǹǯǿƫǻȆǁǷǶ ƠƽǻȇȤƤ ǹȆƼȁǷǮ
ȫȆǁǶ ƨǁLJƶ ǸƠǁǮ ơƫȇȟơǮȀƼǁƤ Ǡƽdž ǡȆ ƩƤơƷǎ ƠǀơȨ ƨȁƥǶǀ ǀȁǮȁȟǁƤ ǸƠƼ
ȄǁƫLJȆƠ ȚǂȈƻƠ ȄǁȆƼ ǴơȆƼǁƤ ȚơǾ ljȆǁǪ ǹȇǮǁNjǶ ǡDzơǾƼ ƧǯǷǮ ǨȁdžơǶ ǨȁƫǺȀƠ
É
ȁDzȁǾƼ ǽȇƥDzǁƪ pW .; ǹǮȁǮȏǶ ƠƽǻȇȤƤ ǁȣƠ ǹǯǢƼơȠǻǶ ƧǷÈ dzdž ǴƖ ǴơǺǁƤ ǡȆ ƠƽǻȇȤƤ
È È ō
pW .; ƨȁǯȆƠ ǸȁȨ ȫȆǁǶ ȫǶ pW .; ƠƽǻȇȤƤ ƩǿȇdzǶ ǹȇǷdzLJǶ ǴȁǪ ȏȇƤơȨƠ
6
ǹȇǮǁNjǶ ! j ) FA
ǡƫǻƪ ơƫȆǁƤ ǁƥȇdžǁƪ ȏȇƤơȨƠ
!
t
ȄơǶƠƼ ǹȇƳǻƲǁȨ ȁǾơǶ ǸƠƼ ǸȀǁȣ DŽƠǁƤ ljȆǁǪ ƧȇƥȆƽƶ
ǨȁƫǺȀƠ ǹǯdžȁƪȀƖƼ ȎȁȨ $ / p
ƨƠȁƤƼ
) !
! )
ǹȇƳǻƲǁȫ ǽdzȆƠǁƫǶǁƪ ȫǶ ǹȇǷdzLJǶ ǴȁǪ ǹǢƼ ǡȆƽǺȀǁƤ
ǹǢƼ ȁƲȁƫdžǁƤ ƠƽǻȇȤƤ ǽdzƫdž DžȇDzȁƪǁƤ ƠǀơȠdž ƧȇƥȆƽƶ
ƠǀơȨ ǹǯǻȇǫȇǶ U ƽǷƷǶ ȅƥǺ ǹǮơǮȁǷǮƼ ǡȆ ǔǁNJ
ǹǮƠ Ǩƽȇƪ ƄƠ ǸƠƼ ƄƠ ǽƫǻȆǁȨ ǽDzơȆƠ ǹȆƠ ƠȀơǿƤ ƩƤơƷǎ
ȫȆǁǶ ǹǮơȇdž ơȇdžǁȩǷǶ
5
ȅȨơƫƪ ljȆǁǪ ǹȇǮǁNjǶ ǹǢƼ ǡȆƽǺȀǁƤ ǨȁƫǺȀƠ ÀƢǨǟ ǹƤ ÀƢǸưǟ ơǺƽȇdž ǹǯdžȁƪȁǣǶ ƠƽǻȇȤƤ
ƠƽǻȇȤƤ ƨȁƥdžǁƪ ơƫȆǁƤ ǁǢƽǻǶ ȏȇƤơȨƠ ǼȁǺȁƤƼ ȀơȇdzƤ ơƫȆǁƤ ǁƥȇdžǁƪ ȁDzȎ ǹǾơƪƼ ǽdzƪ ȀơȇdzƤ
Ǵȏdžƚ ǹȇȟȁLJǮ ǸƠƼ ǩƶ ǹǯǻǾơƪǁȩǷǶ Ǵơdž ơǶơdžǁƤ ǨȁƫǺȀƠ ƧǟȇƤǁƤ ǹȇǷdzLJǶ ǴȁǪ ǩƲơǣǶ
Džȩdzdž ǨȁǮȁȨ ǸȁǾȁȩdž ǼȀơƤƼ ȁǮȎǁƤ ! j" ) FA
ǹǮơǶơǺƼ ǡȆ ơȇƫdž ƩǞơǖ ǀƠǁǪƠ
!
=
ǼȁǺȁƤƼ Ǩƽȇƪ ÀƢǸưǟ ơǺƽȇdž ƠȀơǿƤ ơƫȆǁƤ ƩȨƠƽǻǶ ǹȇǷdzLJǶ ǴȁǪ ƩȆƠ
ȅƳǻƲ ƽȨ ǼȁȤƪ ǡȤȨǁƤ ȄȏȇǺ
5.1.1 ǹȆƠ ƠȁȇƫLJȆǁȨ ǵDzƠƼ ƩƤơƷǎ ƠǀơȨ ǸƠƼ ȅƥǺ ǸǁƥǏǮ ǸƠƼ ǹǿƤơƫǮ ǡƫǻƪ ǹǣȠǻȇƤǁȨ ƨƠȁƤ
137 ơȩǷȇƪƼ ȫȆǁǶ ǹǮƠǀ ȏȇƤơȨƠ ƽȆǀȁǶ ǽȇDzȀƠ ǹǮȁǮȎƼ ǹǮƠ ǡȆ ǹǪƽǻȇƪ ǹDzȁȩǶȁǮ ǵDzƠƼ ǹǯǣȠǻȇƤ
ƧƥȇǏǶ ȁƪƠȁLJdž
Bab 14 (135-141).indd 136 05-Sep-15 5:09:31 PM
ȅƫȇdzƪ ǸƠƼ ȝơƤ Ǽǁȇdž
ȜǻLJǮ ǸƠƼ ƧȇƥȆƽƶ ŚƳǻƲǁȫ ȅLJȆƠ
ȜǻLJǮ ǹȇƳǻƲǁȫ ȅLJȆƠ
ǸƠƼ ǹǯǫdzȆƖƼ ƩȨƠƼ ǼǀƠƼ ǹǿȩǶȁƪǁȨ
ƠǀơȠdž ǹǮȁǮȎƼ ƩȨƠƼ ƦȁǞƼ ǸǁƥȇȘȨ 10 ơǶȏdž ƨơƳǻdž ǹƫȠǻȣ 1
ǸȁǾơƪ
ǹǣDzơǾ ơȩǻƪ ǹǢǁƪ Ǡǁƪ
ǹȇǮơǷdž ǹȇǷdzLJǶ ǴȁǪ ǹǶǃǟǮ
ƧǯǷǮ ȅDzơƥǷǮ ǨȁƫǺȀƠ ǼȁǮȁǮ ǹǮǁǻƤƼ Ǩƽȇƪ Ǵȏdžƚ ǠǀȀƠ 2
ƦǁǷǞ ǹǯȆơǺȁǻǶ ƩȆƠ ǸȁǾơƪ ƽȨ ƦǁǷǞ ǹǯȆơǺȁǻǶ
ǹǯǻȇDzơƳǻǶ ǠƠȁdzȨ DZȇƥǷǣǶ ȅƥǺ
ƢǁǞ ǽdzȇƥǪ ǸƠƼ ƠǀơȤǺ ǹǢƼ ǹǢȁƤȁǾ ƨƠȁƥǷǶ DžƥȇƤ ǩǿȇȨ ƠȀƼ ƠȀƽǮ 3
Ɠ
Ɠ
ǹȆ Ȏ ǡȆ ǹȆ Ȏ ǡȆ ǩǿȇȨ ǹǢƼ ǹȇƳǻƲǁȨ
ƽȩǮ ǡƪƠƼ ǡȆ ƧǯǶ ljȆǁǪ ǠǀȀƠ 4
șȇDzƠȀ ǸǁǻƥǮ ơȩǻƪ ȅƥǺ ǩǿȇȨ
Ɠ
Ȅ ȁDzȏǶ Ǵȏdžƚ ǹǮǁƥȇȘǶ ǠƠȁdzȨ Ǵȏdžƚ ǨȁdzǷǶ ǽdzƪ ǸȁȨȀȎƠȀ
ǹǢƼ Ǵȏdžƚ ǠǀȀƠ ƠǀơƫǺƠ ƧdzǶơǟǶ ƽȩǮ ȎȁǷdž ǹǯǣDzȁȨƼ ǽdzǪƽǻǾ
ƧǯǶƼ Ǵȏdžƚ ǹǮȁƤ șǶȁǪ
ƧǯǶ ǨȀƼȀƽǻȨ ȄơǶƠǀ ǹȇǮơǷdž
Ǵȏdžƚ ǨȁdzǷǶ ƽǷƷǶ ȅƥǺ ǩǿȇȨ ƽȨǀƼ ǤơȇLJdž 5
ƧǯǶ ljȆǁǪ ǩǿȇȨ ƽȩǮ ǡƪƠƼ ǡȆ
ǹǯǣDzȁȨƼ ǹǮƠ Ǩƽȇƪ
5.1.2 șǻLJǮ ǸƠƼ ƧȇƥȆƽƶ ǹȇƳǻƲǁȨ ȅLJȆƠ ǹǯǣȠǻȇƤ
5.1.3
DŽƠȁdzǶ ǹȇǮơǷdž ǡȆ Ǵȏdžƚ ǹǣƥǷǮǁȨ ǹǢƼ ƧȇƥȆƽƶ ǹȇƳǻƲǁȨ ǹǯƫȆ ơǣǶ ƽȆǀȁǶ ơƫǻȇǶ 138
Ɠ
Bab 14 (135-141).indd 139 05-Sep-15 5:10:13 PM
Ǽǁȇdž ȆƫƢȈƷ À¦® ȆǸȀǧ
ƧȇƥȆƽƶ ǹȇƳǻƲǁȫ ƠȁȇƫLJȆǁȫ ǽǷǯƶ ǸƠƼ ǀơƥƫǞƠ
ǹȇȬǷȇȫƼ ȦȆ ȥǀȀƗdž Ȅơȣơƥdž ǹȇȬǷȇǷȫ ȥǀȀƗdž Ȅơȣơƥdž
Ǩƽȇƪ ȅȣȏdž ǹȇȩǷȇǷȨ ƽȩǮ ƧǞơǖ ǀȁƪơǣǶ ǸƠƼ ǡȠǺƠǁǶ ǩƳȇƤ
ý
ý
ǜǁNJ ǁȤǣdzǶ ȅȤȇƪƠǁƫdž
ǠȁǮȁȘǶ ǸƠƼ ȁǾơƤ ǡȆƽǻȣǁƤ ǸƠƼ ǡǻƪ ǹǢƼ ǽdzƟLJǶ ȅLJƪơǣǶ
ý
ý
ǹȇȩǷȇǷȨ DZǺȁȇdžƠǀ
ȅLJǺǁȇDzȁƪ ǹǯdzǷǟǣǶ ȁƪƠȁLJdž ƨƠȁƥǷǶ ǩƳȇƤ ý
ý
ǹdžȁƪȁȩǮ
ǵdzLJǶ ȥǀȀƗdž Ȅơȣơƥdž
ǰȁdžǀ ǸƠƼ ƄƠ ǽƫǻȆǁȨ ȅƫǞơǗǻǶ
ý
ǹǮȁǮȏǶ ǼȁȤǢȁdž ǼȁȤǢȁdžǁƤ
ý
ȁƪƠȁLJdž
ȅƳǻƲ ȅƫȩǻǶ
ý
ǽDzơȆƠ ȚƠǀơƫǺƠ ǽǷǯƶ ǩȗơƤ ȅǢȀƽǺơǣǶ ƧȇƥȆƽƶ ǹȇƳǻƲǁȨ
ǼȁǞƼ ǹȆơǶƠƽǮ ǹǮơƫǻȇȟ ǡȆ ǴơȣƠ Ǵȏdžƚ ǹǯȇƫǪȁƥǷǶ
Ɠ
ƽȩǮ Ǹ ȎȁǶǁȨ ǩȇƫȇƪ ǸƠƼ ǡƥǷǮǁƤ ǹȇǮơǷdž Ǵȏdžƚ
Ɠ
ƧǯǶ ơƪȁǮ Ǹ ơǮȁƥǷȨ
ǹdžȁǶȀǀ
Ɠ
ƧȇƥȆƽƶ ǹȇƳǻƲǁȨ ȄƠǁƫǶǁƪ ƽȩǮ ƠȀơƥǷǶ ǽdzƪ U ƽǷƷǶ ȅƥǺ Ǹ ơǺơLJǫƳȇƥǮ
Ɠ
ǴơƪȀƠ °ȂƬǰǧ ǸƠƼ Ǵȏdžƚ ƩǶȀƠ ƽȩǮ ǹǫȆ ơƥǮ ǹǯȆǁƥǷǶ ƨơȗǁƪ ǹȆƠ ǹȇƳǻƲǁȨ
Ɠ
ƧǯǶ ơƪȁǮ Ǹ ơǮȁƥǷȨ ȚȁǮȎǁƤ
5.1.4 ƧȇƥȆƽƶ ǹȇƳǻƲǁȨ ƽȨǀƼ ǀơƥƫǞƠ ǹǯȇdžơǯȇdzȨơǣǶ Ơǀơȟ ǡƫǻƪ ƽȆǀȁǶ ơȆƽȆƠ Ǹǀơdž ǡƥǶȁdž
5.1.5 ǹȨȀƽȇǿǮ ǵDzƠƼ
139
Bab 14 (135-141).indd 138 05-Sep-15 5:10:02 PM
ǦȈƫ¦ȘȂǼȇ¦ ǹǶȎ Ǽǁȇdž
ǹǮȀƽǻȨǁƤ ȀǀơǿƤ ǡȆ ǽDzȁǯdž DŽȀơǣȨ ƠȁƫǮ ȄƼơƳǻǶ ǩȇƫǺȎƼ ǽdzƪ ȁǶơǮ 1
ȏȇƤơȨƠ ǹǮȁǮȎ ȁǶơǮ ǹǮƠ ǡȆ ǹǪƽǻȇƪ ǹǮơƪơȗ U ƽǷƷǶ ȅƥǺ ǹǻȇȩǷȇȩǮ
ơƪȁǺ ȁǮȁƤ ǵDzƠƼ Ʃƪơȟ ǹȆƼȁǷǮ ǼȀơƤƼ ȅdžƠȁƫȇdž ǹǢƼ ǹȨƼơǾǁƤ
ȀƠǀȁdž
ǡȇƫǺȁȨ ȅƫȆȜȇƫǮƠ ȄơȩǷdž ǹǢơƲ
Ɠ
ȁȤǫȇȟ Ȅ ȁǾơƫǮƼ ȅǺ ƩȇǮ
5.1.4 DžƪƖƼ ȅƫȆȜȇƫǮƠ ǹǮȁǮȏǶ ƽȆǀȁǶ ǡȇƥǷȇƤ
5.1.5
Ƨǻdž ǹǯdzǷǟǣǶ ǸƠƼ ƠǀơǮǁȨ Ǥơȇƫdž ǵDzƠƼ ȅƥǺ ȅǾȁƫǺȁȠǻǶ ƽȆǀȁǶ ǹǯǫDzơȣ 140
ǹȨȀƽȇǿǮ ǵDzƠƼ U ƽǷƷǶ ȅƥǺ
Bab 14 (135-141).indd 141 05-Sep-15 5:11:05 PM
Ǽǁȇdž ǦȈƬǯ¦ ƠƽǻȇǶ
. ƨǨȈÈ ǴƸdz¦Â¯ ƠȁȇƫLJȆǁȨ ȅȣȁDzȁǺȀǁǮ DžȇDzȁƪ 1
ƧǻȆƽǶ
É
ȁǮȁƤ ǵDzƠƼ ƧȇƥȆƽƶ ǹȇƳǻƲǁȨ
ơƫȨ ǹǮȀƽǻȨǁƤ ǹǿȇƪȎ
.ƨȈƦȇƾƷ
ƨǰǷ
ǹȆƼȁǷǮ ƨȁǯȆƠǁƤ ǡȆ ƠǀơǮǁȨ ǡƫǻƪ ǹDzȁȩǶȁǮ ǵDzƠƼ ǹǣȠǻȇƤǁȨ ƨƠȁƤ 2
șǿǷǯƶ ǸƠƼ ǹLJǮ ƧȇƥȆƽƶ ǹȇƳǻƲǁȨ ȅLJȆƠ
DždzǮ ǹȨƼơǾƼ șǻǯǣƫǻƤ
ƧȇƥȆƽƶ ǹȇƳǻƲǁȨ ȄƠǁƫǶǁƪ ǽdzƫdž ǡƥǷǮǁƤ ǹȇǮơǷdž Ǵȏdžƚ °ȂƬǰǧ
U ƽǷƷǶ ȅƥǺ ȅǶȁȣơǮ ƩǢơdž Ȅơdž ȅƥǺ ǹǻȇȩǷȇȩǮ ÏȄǁȇȟ ǽǮơȨƠ ǵȇǟǺ 3
ǵDzƠƼ ȅƥǺ ǹǻȇȩǷȇȩǮ Ȅǁȇȟ ƠǀơƫǺƠ ǵDzƠƼ ȅǶȁȣơǮ ȁǶơǮ ǡȆ U ƽǷƷǶ
ǹȆƠ ƠȁȇƫLJȆǁȨ ǹǪƽǻȇƪ ǽǮơȨƠ ǹȆƠ ƧȇƥȆƽƶ ƠȁȇƫLJȆǁȨ
ǹǮƠ Ȅơdž U ȅƥǺ ȅǾȁƫǺȁȠǻǶ ǨȁƫǺȀƠ ȁǶơǮ
Ɠ
5.1.1 ƧȇƥȆƽƶ ǹȇƳǻƲǁȨ ƠȁȇƫLJȆǁȨ Ȅ ȁDzȏǶ ǽȇDzȀƠǁȨƼ ǡȆ ǀơƥƫǞƠ ǹǯȇdžơǯȇdzȨơǣǶ ǁȣƠ ƽȆǀȁǶ ȅƫƷȇǏǺ
5.1.2 ǹȨȀƽȇǿǮ ǵDzƠƼ
141 5.1.3
5.1.4
5.1.5
Bab 14 (135-141).indd 140 05-Sep-15 5:10:39 PM
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