Schaum's outline of Japanese grammar

232 INDEX

aida ni, 82-84 honorific expressions:
kara, 84-86 special honorific and humble forms, 171-172
node, 86-88 verbs, 172-174
noni, 88-89 copula, 173-174
nagara, 90 other honorific and humble forms, 175-180
made(ni), 91-92 verbs, 175-176
dake: nouns, 177
particle, 73-74 family terms, 177-178
dare: i-adjective and na-adjective, 178-179
interrogative word, 143
de: ikura:
particle, 57-59 interrogative word, 143-144
dochira:
interrogative word, 143-144 interrogative word:
doko: interrogative phrases with particles, 145-149
interrogative word, 143-144 interrogative word +demo, 145-146
donna : interrogative word + mo, 146-147
pronoun, 31-32 interrogative word + ka, 147
dono: interrogative word + v/adj.-te mo, 148
pronoun, 31-32
iru:
dOD: existential verb, 101

interrogative word, 143-144 itadaku:
dooshite: verbs (giving and receiving), 107

interrogative word, 143-144 itsu:
dore: interrogative word, 143-144

interrogative word, 143 ka:
dotchi: particle, 60-62

interrogative word, 143 kamoshirenai:
e: useful expression (conjecture), 194

particle, 57 kara:
ga:
particle, 70-71
particle, 50-52
conjunction, 84-86
conjunction, 77 -kata:
-hai:
useful expression (compound noun), 191-192
counter, 44 kotoga aru:

- hajimeru: useful expression (experience), 201
useful expression (compound verb), 189-190 koto ga dekiru:

h az u: nominalization (koto), 157-158
modality, 160-161 koto ni naru:

-hiki: verbs (naru and suru), 110-111
counter, 46 koto ni suru:

hodo: verbs (naru and suru), 110-111
particle, 73 kudasaru:

- h on : verbs (giving and receiving), 107
kureru:
counter, 43
verbs (giving and receiving), 105-106
mada:

INDEX 233

adverb, 26 nara(ba)
made: conditional clause, 138-139

conjunction, 91-92 naru:
verbs (-ni naru), 108-109
particle, 71 verbs (-ku naru), 108-109
madeni: verbs (-koto ni naru), 110-111
verbs (-yoo ni naru), 111
particle, 71
mae (ni): naze:
interrogative word, 143-144
conjunction, 80-81
-mal: ne:
particle, 62
counter, 43
mo: ni:
particle, 54-57
particle, 65-66
-mo -mo: -nIn:
counter, 44-45
particle, 66
modality: no:
particle, 63-65
tsumori, 160 nominalization, 155-157
hazu, 160-161
yoo (mitai), 162-163 node:
conjunction, 86-88
conjecture, 162
resemblance, 163 nominalization:
rashii, 164-165 no, 155-157
v(plain non-past) + no wa -(day, 155
conjecture, 164 x wa v(plain non-past) + no ga -da, 156
typical model, 165 v(plain non-past) + no wo/ga +
soo, 166-167 v(senses/perception), 156
conjecture, 166 v(plain non-past) + no wo + v(waiting, helping),
hearsay, 166-167 156
noda/n' da, 168-169 v(plain non-past) + no ni -, 157
explanation, 168 koto, 157-158
seeking attention, 168-169 v(plain non-past) + koto ga dekiru, 157-158
modification of a noun: v(plain non-past) + koto ni suru, 158
sentence modifier, 151-152 v(plain non-past) + koto ni naru, 158
moo:
adverb, 25-26 noni:
morau: conjunction, 88-89
verbs (giving and receiving), 1Q6-107
nagara: numbers:
conjunction, 90 numbers, 36-37
nai de kudasai: time, 37-39
verbs, te-form (request), 122 dates, 37-39
nakanaka: hours, 37-39
adverb, 28-29 minutes, 37-39
nakute wa/nakereba ikenai, months, 39
useful expression (obligation), 199 days of the month, 40-41
nanl: days ofthe week, 41-42
interrogative word, 143-144 years, 42-43

234 INDEX

counters, 43-47 quotation, 67-68 195
-owaru: similarity and difference, 68
ya, 68-69
useful expression (compound verb), 190 kara, 70-71
particles: made, 71
madeni, 71
wa, 49-50 yori, 72-73
topic, 49 hodo, 73
contrast, 49-50 dake, 73-74
shika, 74
ga, 50-52 passive form:
subject of a sentence, 50-51 verbs (direct passive), 113
subject in a subordinate clause, 51-52 verbs (indirect passive), 113
direct object, 52 potential form:
verb', 104-105
wo, 53-54 pronouns:
direct object, 53 demonstrative pronoun, 31-32
place with a verb of motion, ~3-54 personal pronouns, 33
pronoun "nd', 33-34
ni, 54-57 rashii:
indirect object, 54 modality, 164-165
location, 54 sashiageru:
point in time, 55 verbs ( giving and receiving), 128
destination, 55 -satsu:
purpose of motion verb, 56 counter, 45
agent of passive or causative, 56 shika:
particle, 74
e, 57 soo:
de, 57-59 modality, 166-167
-sugiru:
place, 57 compound verb, 190
means, 58 superlative:
cause, 58 useful expression, 185-186
required time or quantity, 58-59 suru:
ka, 60-62 verb (-ni suru), 109-110
interrogative, 60-61 verb (-ku suru), 109-110
alternative, 61 verb (-kotoni suru), 110-111
embedded question, 61-62 verb (-yoo ni suru), 110-111
ne, 62 -ta hoo ga ii:
yo, 62 advice, 202-203
no, 63-65 tara:
possessive, 63-64 conditional clause, 135-138
equivalent, 64 -tari-tari:
location, 64 useful expressions (partial listing of actions),
subject, 64-65 -te ageru:
mo, 65-66
similarity, 65
emphasis, 65-66
- mo -mo, 66
to, 67-68
complete listing, 67
reciprocal relationship, 67

INDEX 235

verbs (expression with te-form), 127-128 comparison, 183-184
-te iru: superlative, 185-186
negative te-form, 187-188
verbs (te-form), 123-125 compound verbs, 189-190
-te itadaku:
v-stem + hajimeru, 189-190
verb (te-form), 128 v-stem + owaru, 190
tekudasai: v-stemladj-stem + sugiru, 190
compound noun, 191-192
verb trequest), 122 v-stem + kata, 191-192
-te kudasaru: quoted sentences, 192-193
v(plain non-past) + yoo ni tanomu, 192-193
verb (te-form), 128 v(Plai~ non-past) + yoo ni iu, 192-193
-tekureru: -to iu /omou / kangaeru / shinjiru, etc., 193
conjecture, 194
verb (te-form), 127-128 partial listing of actions, 195
-te moii: permission, 196-197
prohibition, 198
useful expression (permission), 196-197 obligation, 199
-te morau: experience, 201
advice, 202-203
verb (te-form), 127-128 verbs:
-te oku: styles, 95-96
formal speech style, 95
verb (te-form), 125-126 informal speech style, 95-96
-te sashiageru: forms and groups, 96
formation of the plain neg.non-past form, 97
verb (te-form), 128 formation of the plain neg.past form, 97
-te shimau: formation of the plain past form, 97
basic types of Japanese verb sentence, 98-103
verb (te-form), 126 v-mashoo, 98-99
-te wa ikenai: intransitive verbs, 99
transitive verbs, 99-100
useful expression (prohibition), 198 motion verbs, 101
-te-form: existential verbs, 101
spontaneous verbs, 103
adjective, 16-18 potential form, 104-105
copula, 5 verbs of giving and receiving, 105-107
verb (manner), 121-122 ageru, 105-106
verb (reason), 120-121 kureru, 105-106
verb (request), 122 morau, 106-107
verb (sequence of action), 119-120 honorific and humble expressions, 107
verb (expression with te-form), 118-128 verbs naru and suru, 108-111
to: noun/na-adj. +ni naru, 108-109
particle, 67-68 noun!i-adj. -ku naru, 108-109
conditional clause, 140 noun!na-adj. + ni suru, 109-110
to iu /omou / kangaeru / shinjiru, etc.:
useful expression, 193
told:
conjunction, 78-79
tokidoki.
adverb, 28
-tsu:
counter, 46-47
tsumori:
modality, 160
useful expressions:

236 INDEX

i-adj.-ku suru, 109-110 expression with vote ageruikureruimorau,
v(plain non-past) + koto ni naru vs koto ni suru, 127-128

110-111 volitional form, 129-130
wa:
v(plain non-past) + yoo ni naru vs yoo ni suru,
particle, 49-50
111 wo:
passive form, 112-114
particle, 53-54
direct passive, 113 ya:
indirect passive, 113
causative form, 114-117 particle, 68-69
make-causative sentences, 115 yo:
let-causative sentences, 116
causative passive form, 117-118 particle, 62
te-form, 118-128 y oo (mitai):
sequence of actions, 119-120
reason, lW-121 modality, 162-163
manner, 121-122 y ooni iu:
request, 122
expressions with v-te iru, 123-125 useful expression (quoted sentences), 192-193
expression with v- te miru, 125 yoo ni tanomu:
expression with v- te oku, 125-126
espression with vote shimau, 126 useful expression (quoted sentences), 192-193
y ori:

particle, 72-73
zenzen:

adverb, 27-28

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