Schaum's outline of Japanese grammar

182 HONORIFIC EXPRESSIONS [CHAP. 14

He (the teacher) teaches karate for four hours and rests thirty minutes after lunch.

I sometimes help him clean his gym.

I like to listen to his talk, because it is alwa'ys interesting.

I heard that he is writing a book on karate now.

I would like (want) to see it.

Chapter 15

Usefnl Expressions

COMPARISON

In Japanese there is no comparative form equivalent to "~er" or "more" in English. The
structure "X hoo ga Y yori ~" is equivalent to "X is more or less ~ than Y. "Y yori" may be omitted
when it is understood from the context.

Formation of X and Y
1. Verbs : V(plain non-past) + "hoo ga"/"yori"

Ex. iku -7 iku hoo ga, kuru -7 kuiu yori

2. I-adjective: dictionary form + "hoo ga"I"yori",
Ex. atsui -7 atsui hoo ga, samui -7 samui yori

3. Na-adjective: change the final "cia" to"na" + "hoo ga"I"yori",
Ex. henri cia -7 henri na hoo ga, fuhen cia -7 fuhen (na) yori

4. Noun: noun + "no" + "hoo ga" , noun + "yori"
Ex. sensei -7 sensei no hoo ga, gakusei -7 gakusei yori

1. Talking to Yoshiki: ~.m.~lvf:tJl!fp.:J<~ /~ A7 v r-if-)v~ J::' 'tG «(J)1i) iJ~ M-~""C'Tipo

Yoshiki-san wa yakyuu to basukettobooru to dochira (no hoo) ga suki desu ka:
(Yoshiki, which do you prefer baseball or basketball?)

Yoshiki: ·,.<;1.7:y "~-lvQ)jj:ilS (JUltt~) ~t~""C'To

Basukettohooru no hoo ga (yakyuu yori) suki desu.
(1p;efer basketball (to baseball).)

183

184 USEFUL EXPRESSIONS [CHAP. 15

2. ~~~t~~~~t~7/~~~~~~, *~a~~~~ (~a~~~)~~~~

Hiroshi-san rno Mari-san rno piano ga hikernasu ga , Marl-san no hoo ga (Hiroshi-san yori)
joozu desu.
(Both Hiroshi and Mari can play the piano, but Mari is better (than Hiroshi).)

3. T>!!..~ l- ~*~ v\a~*.!:: IJ, ~ v\~*:a:- J! ~ L-tco MH'j:*~\I'~,)~v \v \.!:: ~ v\~~;6'\,
Depaato de ookii tokei to chiisai tokei wo rnirnashita. Ane wa ookii hoo ga ii to

flJ'j:/J" ~ \I ,~,)~ fl L-v \ ~~0

iirnasu ga, watashi wa chiisai hoo ga hoshii desu.

(l saw a small watch and a large one at a department store. My older sister says that a
larger one is better, but I want a smaller one.)
4. IBTf'j: l;::~~')~t.t~,)~.,)~t.t~ ~ v\v\o

Machi wa nigiyaka na hoo ga shizuka na yori ii.
(Lively town is better than a quiet one.)
5. ffiWf;:1T< ~f'j:~~~~ff< ~,)~"'ff.'"t'ff< ~ ~ ~ L-v\o
Kyooto e iku toki wa shinkansen de iku hoo ga hikooki. de iku yori tanoshii.
(lVhen one goes to Kyoto, it is more enjoyable going by Brett Train than by plane.)

1. Answer the following questions.
Ex.
Q: :c.r-::V.A l-.!::1:- /'~f7/' '!::C' i?G/c'0i? (OX}j) ;6'\iliIiv\~~;6~o
Eberesuto (Mt. Everest) to Monburan (Mont Blanc) to dochira I dotchi (no hoo) ga takai
desu ka.
A: :c.r-:: V.A l- O)jj;6'\1:-/'/'7 /' J:: ~ iliIiv\~~o
Eberesuto no hoo ga Monburan yori takai desu.

1. Q: 77.A"JJ.!::} ~/,.!::.!::" i?G/c' 0i? (O)jj) ;6'\*~v\~~;6~o

Arasuka to Mein to dochira I dotchi (no hoo) ga ookii desu ka.
A: _____________________________________________

2. Q: 7}!)"JJ.!::9JOO.!::.!::"tJG /c' 0i? (O)jj) ;6'\~L-v\~~;6~o

Arnerika to Chyuugoku to dochiraldotchi (no hoo) ga atarashii desu ka.
A: ______________________________________________

3. Q: 7/-!!..~ H'j:fJ!fljftO).!::*~v\0).!::.!::" i?G/c' 0i? (O)jj) ;6'\v\v\~~;6~o

Apaato wa benri na no to ookii no to dochiraldotchi (no hoo) ga ii desu ka.
A: ____________________________________________

CHAP. 15] USEFUL EXPRESSIONS 185

4. Q: ?-{:/f'imLv\O)cl'!lv\O)cc"i?G /(:''?i? (O)jj) iJ~:jOlt\Lv\"'('T7,Po

Wain wa atarashii no to furui no to dochira I dotchi (no hoo) ga oishii desu ka.
A: ______________________________________________

5. Q: t~*"'('~< O)cV-GiJ ~ tt"'('~< o)c c"i?G/c"'?i? (O)jj) iJ~.Lv\"'('TiJ·o

Kanji de kaku no to hiragana de kaku no to dochira/dotchi (no hoo) ga muzukashii desu
Ka.
A: _________________________________________________

SUPERLATIVE

In Japanese there is no superlative form equivalent to "~est" or "most" in English. The
adverbial phrase "ichiban - " is equivalent to " ~ est" or"~ the most."

1. flO)~i¥O)9=Ic':;tE!~ ~ lviJ~ -1iJfJi~$lt'lt'o
Watashi no tomodachi no naka de Taroo-san ga ichiban atama ga ii.

(Taro is the brightest among my friends.)
2. :;tIE ~lvf'i~" - }-!V ;(O)~ iJ~-1i!l1~tt:t j "'('To

Oota-san wa biitoruzu no uta ga ichiban euki da soo desu.

(1 heard that Ms. Ota likes the Beetles' songs the best.)

c3. ~ IE ~ Iv bl* ~ Iv ~ ~ Iv0) 9=I"'(', aiJ~-#::fJv7~$J:~'"t'TiJ·o

Shimada-san to Hayashi-san to Mori-san no naka de dare ga ichiban gorufu ga
,joozu desu ka.
(Among Mr. Shimada, Mr. Hayashl~ and Mr. Mori, who plays the golf the best?)
4. flf'i p -"'7~:: -#fj~ ttll'"'('To
Watashi wa Rooma ni ichiban ikitai desu.
(1 want to go to Rome the most.)
5. It ~ f'if6::!l!:f ~ lviJ~ -#.!.p.< 7 '7 ;;q::*~ Lt;:o

Kesa wa Sano-san ga ichiban hayaku kurasu ni kimashita.

(Mr. Sano was the first one to come to class this morning /Lit. came to class the
earliest.)

r6. ;I- P ~!J -7 :/~Vlq:~~1T< o)f:V"AiJ~ -1i_fj!~lttc l~lt\~T J:: o

Metoroporitan bijutsukan e iku no wa basu ga ichiban benri. da to omoi,masu yo.
(1 think the bus is the most convenient way to go to the Metropolitan Museum.)

7 . :I,.r(VA H'ittt3f"'('-#jijlt'~tco

Eberesuto wa sekai de ichiban takai yama da.

186 USEFUL EXPRESSIONS [CHAP. 15
(Mt. Everest is the highest mountain in the world.)

2. Change the English phrases to the corresponding Japanese phrases.

rEx. the largest department store ~ -*::k~· 1t\T·/~- (ichiban ookii depaato)

1. the coldest room
2. the youngest person
3. the prettiest park
4. to study the most
5. to be the nearest
6. to speak the slowest
7. to want to buy the most

3. Give the Japanese equivalent to the English questions and then write either superlative or
comparative answers in Japanese using the clues in parentheses.

Ex. Q: What do you want to eat now?
4{jjJi6 ~ ~.r-::. t-::... 1t \ --c-'Ti6~9

Ima nani ga tabetai desu ka.
A: (delicious sushi) .to1t\ 01t\T0i6~-*~.r-::.t-::...1t\--c-'T9

(delicious sushi) Oishii sushi e-a ichiban tabetai desu.

1. Q: Where do you want to go now?

A: (quiet place) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
2. Q: Who is the tallest among your friends?

A: ~r.Nakano) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ___
3. Q: Which is cheaper, gold or silver?

A: (Silver) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ___
4. Q: Who is the best tennis player in your family?/Lit. Who is best at tennis in your family?

A: (my older brother) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
5. Q: What is your favorite thing to do? /Lit. What would you like to do the most?

A: (to listen to music) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

CHAP. 15] USEFUL EXPRESSIONS 187

6. Q: Who (Lit. Which one) plays tennis more often, Mr. Yoshida or Ms.lida?

A: (Mr. Yoshida) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _-,---_
7. Q: Which is more interesting, reading books or watching TV?

A: (reading books)
8. Q: Whom do you want to see now the most?

A: (the friends in high school)
9. Q: Which airplane is the fastest?

A: (Concord) _ _ _ _ _ __ _ __ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ ___
10. Q: Who is the richest person in this town?

A: (Mr. Smith) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ __ _ _ _ _ _ __

NEGATVE TE-FORM

The expression "V-nai de" corresponds to "without doing such and such" or "instead of doing
such and such" in English depending on the context.

Formation of "Dsi de" form
Add "de" to the plain negative non-past form of a verb.

Ex. 1T < -7 rript"lv' -7 1Tipt"lv' + _e

ik-u -7 ik-anai -7 ik-anai + de

-:ft"-<Q -7 -:ft..-<t"lv' -7 -:ft..-<t,tv'+_e

tabe-ru -7 tabe-nai -7 tabe-nai + de

1. 1¥l131:t~.fIllz:rrip t"lv'_e ':> ~ -c'~5~~ ~ J: ':> ~ ,f~, v \~To
Ashita wa toshokan ni ikanai de uchi de benkyoo wo shiyoo to omimasu.
(l am thinking ofstudying at home tomorrow instead ofgoing to the h·brary.)

2. JI!< ~~t;:(7)-c', lim::'~~*~t,tv'_e~t±Iz:1T~~ ~t;: o

Osoku okita node, asa-gohan wo tabenai de kaisha ni ikimashita.
(1 went to work without eating breakfast, because 1 got up late.)

188 USEFUL EXPRESSIONS [CHAP. 15

3. il!rr~~;: t/~;;q;: t.;t.tlf'''t'~It\-C** L-t;:.o

Chikatetsu ni rno busu ni mo noranai de aruite kimashita.
(I walked instead ofriding either the subway or the bus.)

4. IP 5 A:.1:tiflviflv.t.tlf'-:c.-viJ{- I- :a:-If~ * L-t;:.o

Yuube wa zenzen nenai de repooto wo kakirnashita.
(Last night / wrote a report without sleeping at all.)

5. 7 /'~ - H:t;tibIt\7J~~, JU=>t.tlf'''t'f1r~ g:' ~~;: L-* L-t;:.o

Apaato wa takai kara, kawanai de kariru koto ni shimashita.
(/ decided to rent the apartment instead ofbuying it, because it is expensive.)

4. Change the following verbs into the "nai de" form.
Ex. ~A:.o -7 ~A:.fllf'"t'
Tabe-ru -7 tabe-DAj de

l. ~<
ok-u

2. MEu

yorn-u

3. 1J:!5

tsuka-u
4. ~~g

oki-ru

5 .tiST

hanas-u
6. m~

tob-u
7. ft"":>

tats-u
8. ~;tg

oshie-ru
9. ml-g

kaer-u
10. i7J< ("

oyog-u

CHAP. 15] USEFUL EXPRESSIONS 189

5. Change the words in parentheses into a phrase using the "nai de" form. Supply a particle if
necessary.

Ex. -y!J ~1v(7)*~1T'::d;:~thc" , (::!offl:~Iv, ~?) ::!oN~lvf;:~bfJ:v\""C'1~0-C
Mari-san no uchi e itta keredo, (okaasan, au) okaasan ni awanai de, kaette
*-CL-~v\~ L-t;:o
kite shimaimashita.

l. a~r",';O~fJ:v\;O~~ «(bi5<) ,±I!rf~f;:(7)IJ~L-J:?o

Jikan ga nai kara (aruku) , chikatetsu ni norimashoo.

<)2. 111= 13 I"j: (T>~- 1--, 1T , l!9tiOO ~.lj. ~ L- t;: o

Kinoo wa (depaato, iku) eiga wo mimashita.

3. :;A~lvl"j:v\-'Jt (:9HB-, ~T) , 13*~~~v\~To

Jim-san wa itsumo (ei-go, hanasu) , nohon-go wo tsukaimasu.

4. ~ 131"j: (~, ~?) , f~J;: L- ~ L-t;:o

Kyoo wa (niku, kau) , sakana ni shimashita.

5. =- (7) 13 *~(7)*I"j: (ls*_, ~?) , ~&') ~ L- t;:o

Kono nihon-go no hon wa (jisho, tsukau) , yomemashita.

COMPOUND VERBS

Certain Japanese verbs, such as "hajimeru," "owaru," and "sugiru," can form compound verbs
when they are attached .to another verb. In a compound verb the first verb always takes the form
of a verb stem.

V-stem + h.ajimeru
"V-stem + hajimeru" is equivalent to "begin or start to do such and such" or "begin to be in a

certain state" in English.

l. v\-'Jtp ~ 13 *~~fi\l'tra~* l.,...1ttpo

Itsu kara nihon-go wo narai-hajimemashita ka.
(lVhen did you start to study Japanese?)

2. ~133 ~ 1vI"j:*J3;O~ ~ V.A 1--7 /""C'.~tra~o.f: ? t;:o

Iida-san wa raigetsu kara restoran de hataraki.-hajimeru soo da.
(I heard that Mr. Iida will begin to work at a restaurant next month,)

190 USEFUL EXPRESSIONS [CHAP. 15

3. v#~ ~~.~MafJ1t.e:h ::l/'1:::"=,-~5'~iJ~i!ifI:$L---CL-'ilt\'i L-t;:.o
Repooto wo kaki-hajimetara, konpyuutaa ga koshoo shite shimaimashita.
(My computer broke down, when I began to write a report.)

4 . fl'f 131.pG~< t.t~MafJ*L-1t.no
Kinoo kara atsuku nari-hajimemashita ne.
(It has become hotsince'yesterday> hasn't it?)

v-stem + owaru
"V-stem + owaru" is equivalent to "finish doing such and such" in English.

Sono hon wo yomi-owattara, kashite kudasai.
(Men you finish reading the book, please lend it to me.)
2. J;-A.d~iJ~~'~~*~.:b-?1t.iJ~G, ;;a~t;:.-rlt~a6/)'i L-J: 5 0
Minna ga gohan wo tabe-owatta kara, katazuke-hajimemashoo.
(Since everyone has finished ea ting, let's start to clean up.)

3. :. 0) v# ~ Hj:.~.:b-?ttJtnc', t 5 - --:>fillO)~.;;a~f~ltnlilt\lt'iit Ivo

Kono repooto wo kaki-owatta keredo, moo hitotsu hoka no wo kakanakereba ikemasen.
(Although I fi"nished writing this report, I have to write another one.)

V-stem/Adj-stem + sugiru
"V-stem/Adj-stem + sugiro." corresponds to "do such and such excessively" or "be too much

such and such" in English.

Kinoo nomi-sugite kyoo wa atama ga itai.
(I drank too much yesterday and I have a headache today.)
2. : ' (j) ~ /' Ff-H!IHj:;jOlt \ L-lt \Itn 2", -Tf~H:Ij::ir~e,T~ 0 0
Kono Indo ryoori wa oishii keredo, kodomo ni wa kara-sugiru.
(This Indian dish is delicious, but too spicy for children.)
3. 5Vj: J;-lv f~i;::iEi«T~0 2 i§bn'iTo
Ani wa minna ni shoojiki-sugiru to iwaremasu.
(My older brother is told by everybody that he is too honest.)

CHAP. 15] USEFUL EXPRESSIONS 191

6. Change the underlined words into an appropriate compound verb using "-hajimeru,"
"-owaru," or "-sugiru."

Ex. ,@.:::'~~1t~t~o)"-e, ~tcj3~iJ~"\0It"\tc -7 1t.A.ifJJ.~' t~O)\!
Hiru-gohan wo tabeta node, mada onaka ga ippai da. -7 tabe-sug:ita node

0)* :; <,,(,1. :.
~ v ~ l:tiftj ~;;t ~ -ttIv o

Rono nekkuresu (necklace) wa taka1rute, kaemasen.

e."2. -t-o)-¥~~.1i ,t~ Wc~~~1T:e- ~-tt lviJ·o

Sono tegami wo kajtara, sanpo ni ikimasen ka.

3. cpH~ lviJ~:=I /' e:::L -~ -~ft"'?t~ b , fLiJ~~"\t~,,\\!'t'o

Nakamura-san ga konpyuutaa wo tsukattara, watashi ga tsukaitai desu.

4. *1f.tJ·G 13*~~B:to2 ~}~\t-:>-C"\~'t'o

Rainen kara nihon-go wo naraoo to omotte imasu.

5. 4-13 ~:ti!1b ~ ,,(, ~n -C L~ ,,\~ L-t~o

Ryoo wa undooo sbjte, tsukarete shimaimashita.
6. :. o)lIIl~:tlrtm-e, *\!~:t{j!;;t ~-tt Ivo

Rono sara wa rippa de, uchi de wa tsukaemasen.

7. -=ffjtl:t-:t ~~ tt 0 t~ G, !P:~ '£:to

Rodomo wa issai ni nattara, andrimasu.

COMPOUND NOUNS

V-stem + kata

"Kata" is a suffix which indicates "the way / manner" and this noun phrase corresponds to
"how to do such and such" or "the way one does such and such" in English.

<1. :.O)~IfO)ft1i'jJiJ~ct :51tJ·1) ~-ttlvo

Rono jisho no tsukai-kata ga yoku wakarimasen.
(1 do not know how to use this dictionary.)
2. A~~ ct 0 -c~.:tjJl:ti£" \~'t'o
Hito ni yotte kangae-kata wa chigaimasu
(The way ofthinking varies depending on the person.)

<3. ~-"'O) rr~jJ~q&;;t -C n~-tt IvtJ·o

Eki e no iki-kata wo oshiete kuremasen ka?
(Would you please tell me how to go to the station?)

192 USEFUL EXPRESSIONS [CHAP. 15

4. -1~?'-*'/ r.-C-0)~lt\~O)1..,jJ~~0-Clt\~T7J)o

Intaanetto de no kaimono no sbi-kata wo shitte imasu ka
(Do you know how to shop on the Internet?)

7. Change the given verb phrases into noun pI.rrases using "~kata".
Ex. t~*~~tJo -7 ~*O)~Jj.jj
Kanji wo yomu -7 kanji no yomi-kata

Kotoba wo oboeru.

2. jOlt \ Glt \T G~1tQ o

Oishii sushi wo tsukuru.

<3. E3 *~!t-C-=¥Jta:~. 0

Nihon-go de tegami wo kaku.

4. ~A r. ~7J)G*Qo

Bosuton kara kuru.

QUOTED SENTENCES

V(plajn non-past) + yoo ni tariolDU and ¥(plajn non-past) + yoo ni iu

The expressions "V(plain non-past) + yoo ni. tanomu" and "V(plain non-past) + yoo ni iu"

indicate "quoted sentences" and are equivalent to "ask someone to do something" and "tell
someone to do something," respectively, in English.

1. £Hj:3IH:.w:~+a~~ -c-I::.-? -C*o J:: ? l;::~\('\j; 1..,1to
Haha wa otooto ni maiban juu-ji made ni kaette kuru yoo ni iim.asbita.

(My mother told my younger brother to come home by ten o'clock every night.)

2. #~ I::illM~ J31l1 E31::~0-C*0 J::? 1;::"§"\('\j;To

Gakusei ni shukudai wo getsuyoobi ni motte kuru yoo ni iim.asu.
(I will tell the students to bring their homework on Monday.)

<3. ~i¥I::1*Jj.O)rl'l'::kO)1it~~ 1..,-C no J:: ? l;::tt.1}.j; 1..,1to

Tomodachi ni yasumi no·aida inu no sewa wo sbite ku.reru yoo ni tanomimashita.
(I asked my friend to take care ofmy dog for me during the holidays.)

<4. &.:r ~ Iv I:: -*1iI::1*ffl::fj J:: ? l;::.~j; 1.., J: ?0

Yoshiko-san ni issho ni ryokoo ni iku yoo ni. tanomimashoo.

CHAP. 15] USEFUL EXPRESSIONS 193

(Let's ask YOshiko to go on a trip with us.)

<te v'o5. ,~,~ ~ Ivl~::' O)$~-c'?" / ~ ::J :a:-~bflv'.t ; l;::~ -':) '"C ~

Tadao-san ni kono heya de tabako wo suwanai yoo ni itte kudasi.

(please tell Tadao not to smoke in this room.)

6. ~ it. fJ 0) )d~*O)MI~.:a:-1I:af.>flv'.t ; l;::.Iv~'r"*To

Tonari no hito ni uchi no mae ni kuruma wo tomenai yoo ni tanonde mimasu.

(I will try asking the people next door not to park a car in front ofour house.)

- to ju I omou I kADperu I abjnjiru. etc.
The expressions "- to iu/omou/kangaeru/shinjiru," etc., indicate a "quoted sentence" and

correspond to "say/thinklconsiderlbelieve that -" in English. "Omou"I"kangaeru"l"shinjiru" take

place in the form ''V-te + iru" when the subject in a main clause is in the third person.

Nihon no tomodachi ga moo sugu Honkon e iku to iimashita.
(My friend in Japan said that he is going to Hong Kong soon.)

2. 51-00~:a:-~::> O)ri ~ -C t:}3 t L- 6 v\ l: iJ.v'"*To

Gaikoku-go wo narau no wa totemo omoshiroi to omoimasu.
(1 think that learning a foreign language is very interesting.)

< <3. T v t:" ri-=t-#tl~ J:: it. v\ l: ~;t QAiJ~ t;: ~ Iv v\'~-to

Terebi wa kodomo ni yoku nai to kangaeru hito ga takusan imasu..
(There are manypeople who consider that TVis no good for children.)

4. IJ' ~ v\-=t-~ilri~/?" -'7 0 ~.A iJ~ v \ Q l:ffl C'"CJ..'"*To

Chiisai kodomo-tachi wa Santakuroosu (Santa Claus) ga iru to shinjite imasu.
(YOung (Lit. small) children believe that there is Santa Claus.}

8. Give the Japanese equivalent to the following English sentences.
1. I told Mitsuko to wait for 10 minutes.
2. My father considers that the family is important.
3. Ms. Okada believes that sugar is not good.
4. I asked Jiroo to write a letter in Japanese for me.
5. Do you think that department stores in Chicago are open on Sundays?
6. Mr. Tani's wife said that she was born in the United States.

194 USEFUL EXPRESSIONS [CHAP. 15
CONJECTURE

The expression "- kamoshirenai" indicates "conjecture" and it corresponds to "may -" in

English.

Formation

1. Verb: V(plain) + kamoshirenai Ex. iku ~ iku kamoshirenai.
2. I-adjective: plain form + kamoshirenai Ex. atsui ~ atsui kamoshirenai
3. Na-adjective: plain form minus "da" + kamoshirenai Ex. benri da ~ benri kamoshirenai
4. Noun: noun + kamoshirenai Ex. sensei ~ sensei kamoshirenai

1. IY'I f:l F:fflil~.ot>:.'b L-tLt.tv'o
Ashita arne ga furu kamoshirenai.
(It may rain tomorrow.)

2. ;PEEl ~lvfj:t:') *~:a-~L..ttil:.'b L-tL~'itlvo
Ishida-san wa moo daigaku wo sotsugyoo shita kamoshiremasen.
(Miss Ishida may have graduated from a college already.)

<3. ~ 0) v.7. r- '7 / fj: J: t.t v't>:. 'b L..tL~"itIv ,L

Ano restoran wa yoku nai bmoshiremasen yo.
(That restaurant may not be good, you knOw.)

4. :. 0)Jzn:{3:Iv tc C?, iJ!"Jt>:.'b L..tL~'itIvPo

Kono hen ni sundara, henri bmoshiremasen ne.
(lfyou live around here, it may be convenient.)

9. Change the following underlined words into expressions using "kamoshirenai".
Ex. IY'I f:l fj:~il~~ "J *To ~ ~Qtpt L..t1*1t1v

Ashita wa yuki ga furimasu. ~ furu kamoshiremasen

Michiko-san wa moo sugu kekkon shimasu.

2. :. O)JWj:.il~ ~ * "J 1m C? t~v \t>~ C?, itt>~tco

Kono hen wa kururna ga amari tooranai kara, shizuka da.

<3. fiJiil~1ltp,::>tct>~ C?, ~~fj: J: "C'! 'i1tIv "C' L.. tco

Atama ga itakatta kara, shiken wa yoku dekimasendeshita.

4. )'cllMf'f0 tc -7'-:\'- fj:* -rt>~,::>tc Itt1.!::', 4' f:l 0) 1j::j3v \ L.. v\"C'T0

Senshuu tsukutta keeki wa mazukatta keredo, kyoo no wa oishii desu.

CHAP. 15] USEFUL EXPRESSIONS 195

PARTIAL LISTING OF ACTIONS

"V-tari V-tari BUru" is used to enumerate a few actions among others and means to "do this,
do that, and so on" in English. The phrase ''V-tari'' is formed simply by attaching "ri" to the plain
past "-ta" form of verbs.

Ex. yomu -7 yon-da -7 yon-dari taberu -7 tabe-ta -7 tabe-tari

1 .~S~~~*~ .~~~~~~~.~~~~~t~~~

Kyoo wa uchi de hon wo yondari terebi wo mitari suru tsumori desu.
(Today, I am going to read a book, watch Tv, and so on, at home .)

2. ~ c7)? fj:~lHTf~rr-:>~ ~ ~lt\~~ l..,~ ~ l..,* l..,~o

Kinoo wa ginkoo ni ittari kaimono wo shitari shimashita.
(Yesterday, I went to the bank, did some shopping, and so on.)

sr-3. ~:1'- A ~.~~~ T.-7" B8\t'~ ~ l.., "( *~~MJ%i L- -Clt \'iTo

Tekisuto wo yondari teepu wo kiitari shite nihon-go wo benkyoo shite imasu.
(I am studying Japanese by reading the textbook, listening to the tape, and so on.)

This expression also refers to alternating repeated actions or states, and it means "sometimes
-, some other times ~" in English. "Adjective-tari" is formed by attaching "ri" to the plain past
of I/Na-adjective as well as V-tari.

Ex. takai -7 taka-katta -7 taka-kattari
shizuka da -7 shizuka datta -7 shizuka dattari

1. ~ S fj: - S 9JF:ffl;O~.-:>it ~ ~~~ ~ l..,* l..,ito

Kyoo wa ichinichi-juu ame ga futtari yandari shimashita.
(It rained on and offall day today.)
2. S*.c7)?5A~~~l..,~~-:>~~~~l..,~<~~-:>~~l..,*~
Nihon-go no kurasu wa omoshirokattari omoshiroku nakattari shimasu.
(The Japanese class is sometimes interesting and sometimes it is not.)
3. :ij:JlI~t±~fj:1tl..,~~-:>it ~ {)o*~'J~ ~ l..,*~o
Saikin kaisha de wa isogashikattari himadattari shimasu.
(Lately sometimes I am busy at the office and sometimes I am not.)

10. Combine the pairs of sentences using the expression "-tari-tari suru."
Ex. ¥)f"B;~~<0 f-J.m!~ f'F~ o -7 ¥~~.lt\t;:~¥tm!~f'F~:>t;:~ L-'iTo
Tegami wo kaku. Ryoori wo tsukuru. -7 Te~ami wo kaitari ryoori wo tsukuttari shimasu.

196 USEFUL EXPRESSIONS [CHAP. 15

1. 1IjcIi!IT~ ~Qo ~~I;:~ 50

Eiga wo miru. Tomodachi ni au. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
2. -/A_c'b1<lt't;:o ~1II~~lt'tco

Gimu (Gym) de oyoida. Kooen wo aruita. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
3. ~.tii-c'*~fllf I) Q o mM~T Q o

Toshokan de hon wo kariru. Shukudai wo suru.
4. }C:5/:,Jilt'lt'o (}C:5i:IJ;t) ~lt'o

Tenki wa ii. (Tenki wa) warui.

'05. 1m~I';tijjtl.pt;:o (1m~I';t) 5 Q ~ It

Heya wa shizuka da. (Heya wa) urusai.

PERMISSION

The expression "V/Adj .+ te mo if' indicates "permission" and it is interpreted as "one may ~"
or "It is all right to ~" in English. This phrase is formed by attaching "mo if' to the te-form of
both verbs and adjectives.

Ex. nomu -7 nonde -7 nonde mo ii
neru -7 nete -7 nete mo ii
kuru -7 kite -7 kite mo ii
furui -7 furukute -7 furukute mo ii

1. ::.::. _c' k Ii ::. ~ 6i -? -C b \t '.\t'~TI.Po

Koko de tabako wo sutte mo ii desu ka.
(Is it all right to smoke / May I smoke here?)

2. 4' 131';t!f!.< ~n;:. -?-rb\t'~'~T et o

Kyoo wa hayaku uchi ni kaette mo ii desu yo.
(It is all right for you to go home early today, you know.)
3. [To a waiter at a restaurant]

<T-=i!vl';t ll'~ 'Cb \t'\t'~To

Teeburu wa chiisakute mo ii desu.
(A small table is fine'! Lit. It is all right that a table is small.)

"V/Adj. + nakute mo ii" means that "It is all right that one does not~" or "do not have to~" in
English. This phrase is formed with "·nakute ( te-form of negative non-past plain)" + "mo ii."

CHAP. 15] USEFUL EXPRESSIONS 197

Ex. non-past neg. te-form. + mo ii
tabe-nakute mo ii
taberu ~ tabe-nai ~ ika-nakute mo ii
ko-nakute mo ii
iku ~ ika-nai ~

kuru ~ konai ~

<1. ~T <"I:::j3~~ tA:btJ: ""Cll v'v' _c'To

Ima suguni o-kane wo barawanakute mo ii desu.

(lim do not have to pay the money right now.)

2. :. O);;<1s:1j:'i t~~if~l::lI&~ tl< ""Cb v'v'~To

Kono hon wa mada toshokan ni kaesanakute mo ii desu.
(l still do not have to return this book to the library.)

<3. fr.flj:jG%.l:: It. -:> t~ 0) _c', t 5.~~* tJ: ""C bit'It '.:c 5 --C:To

Imooto wa genki ni natta node, moo kusuri wo nomsDakute mo ii soo desu.

(1 heard that my sister does not have to take th e medicine any mare, since she recovered.)

11. Change the following phrases into ones using the expression ,,~ te mo ii desu"
Ex. ¥~~~tJo ~ ~~AAIv--c:t~\~\--C:To
Sake wo nomu. ~ Sake wo nonde mo ii desu.

1. ~~_c'~To
Eigo de hanasu. ~_ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

2. ~¥if~f!l! 5 0

Jisho wo tsukau. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
3. :j37'J~ L-~lt.r<0 0

Okashi wo taberu . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

.4. A:/--c:if<o

Pendekaku . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

5. .::r:. 7::z /~0It 0 0
Ea-kon (air- conditioner) wo tsukeru. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

12. Change the follow:ing phrases into ones using the expression ,,~ nakute mo ii desu."
Ex. :j3~~tb50 ~ :j3~~tb:blt.<-Ctv\~\_c'To
Okane wo harau. ~ Okane wo harawanakute mo ii desu.

Shigoto wo hayaku suru. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ __

198 USEFUL EXPRESSIONS [CHAP. 15

2. ~ B :. :.1=*0 0
Ashita koko ni kuru. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

3. ~ ("0
Isogu. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

4. If!.< ~~ 0 0

Hayaku okiru. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
5. ~ 1,,\~1=1T< 0

Kaimono ni iku. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

Ban-gohan wo tsukuru. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

PROHmITION

The expression ''V/Adj.-te wa ikenai" indicates "prohibition" and means that "one must not do
such and such" or "something must not be so and so" in English.

1. :. :. -c't:Ji:' ~!Pl "':) '"C Jj:" , It ~" '.:r 5 -c'T o

Koko de tabako wo sutte wa ikenai soo desu.
(/heard that one must not smoke here.)

2. f*:~ q:q = filJt-p1tA:k I') tJ'Alvtc I') L. ""Clj:"'lt*-\tlvo
Jugyoo-chuu ni nani ka tabetari nondari shite wa ikemasen.

(You must not eat, drink, and so on, during the class.)
3. !J :7.A 1=~tL'"Clj:"'lt*-\tIvJ:: o

Kurasu ni okurete wa ikemasen yo.
(You must not he late for the class, you know.)

4. f f JtI::1:cb"i I') £< '"Cl'J:,,'lt*-\tlvo

Sakubun wa amari nagakute wa ikemasen.
(The composition must not he too long.)

13. Change the following phrases into ones using the expression "~te wa ikemasen."

< <Ex. "i 1v7J~ "ti:: t~ ~ IvMCD>o -7 "i 1v7J~"ti:: t~ ~ IvMCIv -C 1::1:1" \ It"i 1tIvo

Manga wo takusan yomu. Man~a wo takusan yonde wa ikemasen.

Uso wo iu. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

CHAP. 15] USEFUL EXPRESSIONS 199

Ichinichi-juu terebi wo miru. _ _ _ _ _---,-_ _ _ _ _ __

3. ?§:a:- fiX Ji-l&! ~. ~ 0

Sake wo nomi-sugiru. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
4. :.:. -c:~~:a:- ~ ~o

Koko de shashin wo toru. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

5. X8*:a:-;S.h~o

Yakusoku wo wasureru. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

Toshokan de hanasu. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

OBLIGATION

The double negative expression "V-nakute walnakereba ikenai" means that "one mustlhas to
do such and such" in English.

<1. ~ nJe-atf':: m~5:a:- i)~.tt,t -CtJ:Ii)~.tt.t .ttLt.flt '.tt.tIt'0

Konban haha ni denwa wo kakenakute wa/kakaDakereba ikenai..
(1 have to call my mother tonight.)

<2. v~-" :a:-.i)~t.t -CtJ:/1Fipt.t.ttLt.flt'.tt,tltW) -c:,~ 13 f:tl±li>~~t G.h ~ 1tIvo

Repooto wo kakanakute wa/kakanakereba ikenai node, kyoo wa dekakeraremasen.
(1 have to write a paper, so 1 can not go out today.)

<3. 5CO)tt*:a:- ~bt.t -CtJ:I~bt.t.ttLt.flt'.t*-\tN-C: L-f:.o

Chichi no shigoto wo tetsudawanakute waltetsudawana.kereba ikemasen deshita.
(1 had to help my father with his work.)

<4. A: ~ t~m~JGf.:: ffi)~t.t -CtJ:Iffil~t.t.ttLt.flt'.tt.tlt'Iv-c:-r-i> ~o

Mada byooin ni jkaDakute waljkaDakereba ikenai n' desu ka.
(Do you stIll ha ve to go to the hospital?)

B: v'v';t, t ?1Ti>~ft< -ct v'v'Iv-c:-r-J: o

lie, moo ikanakute mo ii n' desu yo.
(No, 1 do not have to go any more, you knOw.)

14. Change the underlined verbs in the following sentences into the form "- nakute wal -
nakereba ikemasen."

200 USEFUL EXPRESSIONS [CHAP. 15

Ex. ~<"o -7 ~iJ~f.t< -ni I ~iJ~f.tlttLf"i1.-\lt"*itlvo

Isogu. -7 Iso~anakute wa I iso~anakereba ikemasen.

1. !f!.< *~ ttl9 0

Hayaku uchi wo !kIll. _ _ _ _ _ _--'-_ _ __

2 . = p~"* """(:'f;:~ f;:llo
Niji made ni eki ni tsuku. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

3. /-\:;7..~~~0
Basu wo~. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

4. 13 *~"""(:'~jS_9o
Nihon-go de hanasu. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

5. J::<~;t90
Yoku kan~aeru . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

r-6. lv-A 7- - ~ ~~It 9 0

Ruumu meeto (room mate) wo mitsukeru. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

15. Change the following sentences into a question-and-answer form which corresponds to the

English "Do you have to~?" and "No, I do not have to~."
Ex. mM~_990

Shukudai wo suru."

<Q: m~ ~ LJ.t -nil l..J.t IttLf"i1.- \ It"* it lviJ~o

(Syukudai wo shinakute wa Ishinakereba ikemasen ka.)

<A: 1.- \1.- \ ;t ) LJ.t -e t 1.- \1.- \"""(:'_9

Uie, shinakute mo ii desu.)

!f!. <1. 1ffl90 Q: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ A: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

Hayaku kaeru.
2. 13 *~"""(:'-¥;f,£\;~.< 0 Q: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ A: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

Nihon-go de tegami wo kaku.

-en <3·. iJ~ ~ ~f¥00 Q: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ A: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

Kasa wo motte iku.

4. - 13 9J*f;:1.-\9 Q: _~_ _ _ _ _ _ _ A: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
0

Ichinichi-juu uchi ni iru.

95. ~llJEttliJ~lt Q: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ A: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
0

Konban dekakeru.

CHAP. 15] USEFUL EXPRESSIONS 201

6. ~,:. (J) v~- ~ ~~D>o Q: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ A: _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _
Ima kono repooto(report) wo yomu.

EXPERIENCE

The phrase ''V-ta (plain past) koto ga aru" refers to "experience" and means "someone has the
experience of doing such and such" or "someone has done such and such before" in English.

1. S *'"'fj":) 1t;::. ~ ilS a;, t) ~ 1""7,)'0

Nihon e itta koto ga arima8u ka.
(Have you ever been to Japan?)

2. 7J~~ ~ ~ ~1t;::. ~ ilSf,tlJ '(J)-e, Jt -C Jj. tc v\-eTo

Kabuki wo mita koto ga nai node, mite mitai desu.
(l have never seen Kabuki, so J would like to see it.)

3. ~ A ~ lvl'i S *-e~~~.;ttt;::. ~ ilSa;,o-t- 5 t-['o

Tomu-san wa Nihon de ei-go wo oshieta koto ga aru soo da.
(J heard that Tom has taught English in Japan.)

4. -t- lvft~ft~I'ill8lJ'tt;::. ~ ilSfllJ'o

Sonna henna hanashi wa kiita koto ga nai.
(Jhave never heard such a weird story.)

16. Change the following phrases into ones using the expression "-1;a koto ga aru."
Ex. S*(J)~UID~JtQ o -7 S*(J)~UID~Jttc':'t:7J~iblJ'iTo
Nihon no eiga wo miru. -7 Nihon no ei~a wo mita koto ~a arimasu.

1. 7-lj- t: t:" -)v~~tso
Asahi biiru wo nomu.

2. 7T/~~~ 50

Laten-go (Latin) wo narau.
3. ~~NJjH=*Q o

Shinkansen ni noru.

4. #Ii -eilk ('0

Umi de oyogu.
5. 5g~~5gQo

Kimono wo kiru.

202 USEFUL EXPRESSIONS [CHAP. 15

6. ::i';v 7.:a:TQo
Gorufu (Golf) wo suru. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

ADVICE

The phrase "V-ta (plain past) hoo ga ii" indicates "advice," and it corresponds to "it is better to
do such and such" or "had better do such and such" in English.

1. )!\.$tc··::dcG, If!.< .1tjJ~t~'~Y"c:'T J:: o

Kaze dattara, hayaku neta boo ga ii desu yo.
(Ifit is a cold, you had better go to bed early, you know.)

2. ffiiJ~1l1f: tJ -t 5 tctJ;G, tJ;2:: .:a: ~--:>-Cff--:>1t.1J~t~'~'-c'To

Ame ga furi soo da kara, kasa wo motte itta hoo ga ii desu.
(It looks like it is going to rain, so you had better to take an umbrella.) ,

3. 1lt"tc ~ -c'tr.:a: 7j.~t~ ,1t1J~t~ '~'-c'To
Tabeta ato de ha wo migaita boo ga ii desu.

(It is better to brush your teeth after you ea t.)

<4. v;7.. t- 7 /\.:ff mH':~ L -C:to~,1t1J~t~,~,o

Resutoran ni iku mae ni yoyaku sbite oita hoo ga ii.
(We had better make a reservation before we go to the restaurant.)

The expression ''V-nai (plain negative non-past) + hoo ga ii," on the other hand, corresponds
to the English "it is better not to do such and such."

v1. ::. 0) ill f::l:lb~ft \iJ; G~tJi:~:\t.t~'1J~t~'~' -c'T J:: o

Kono hen wa abunai kara yoru arlJkSDsj hoo ga ii desu yo.
(It is dangerous in this neighborhood, so you had better not walk at night, you know.)
2. •~iI~t.tP1J~t~'~'-c'To
Hataraki-suginai hoo ga ii desu.
(It is better not to work too much.)
3. liIiim.:a:lb"i tJ It'i!~"ltt.t~'1J~t~'~'-c'T J:: o
Ryooshin wo amari sbinpai sasenai boo ga ii desu yo.
(You had better not make your parents worry too much, you know.)
4. tcl:f::'I::l:~bt.t~'1J~t~'·~'.!::~~f.:~vn"i Ltc o
Tabako wa suwanai hoo ga ii to isha ni iwaremashita.

CHAP. 15] USEFUL EXPRESSIONS 203

(1 was told by the doctor that I had better not smoke.)
5. ~ ~)RIH ~ IJ:(IiJ'b*~~\t'h1)S\t'\t'-ei""0

Neru mae ni wa nani mo tabenai boo ga ii desu.
(It is betternot to eat anything before we go to bed.)

17. Change the underlined verbs in the following phrases using the expression "-ta hoo ga ii" or
"~nai hoo ga ii" according to the examples.

Ex. ~ ~ *i""o ~ ~v\t;:jJtJ~ v\v\-eTo
Isogimasu. ~ Isoida hoo ga ii desu.

J!!< * -e'T v t:" ~J!*itlvo ~ .~/.tv\jJtJ ~ v\v\-ei""o

Osoku made terebi wo mimasen. ~ Minai hoo e-a ii desu.

Sensei ni shitsumon shimasu. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

2. ~tJ~f~~ L- *To

Shizuka ni hanashimasu. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

Kurasu wo yasumimasen. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _--'-_ _

Kono kawa de oyoe-imasen. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

5. v# ~ l- ~.~ ~iJ&f)*i""o

Repooto (report) wo kaki-hajimemasu. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

<6. ;it; * IJ t~ ~ Iv )! It \*it Iv o

Amari takusan kaimasen. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

Tomodachi ni o-kane wo kaesbimasu. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

Review

18. Give personal answers to the following questions.

*1. t:p!E~ C: .r.-.7":7 -( ~ C: C:"i? t? (7) jJtJ~. L- It \ C: ,I~,It \ i""tpo

Chuugoku-go to beburai-go (Hebrew) to dochira no boo ga muzukashii to omoimasu ka?

A: _ _____________________________________

204 USEFUL EXPRESSIONS [CHAP. 15

2. *~IJ) 9J_C:1jjJiJ~ -iIHt-~ _C:TiPo
Kudamono (fruites) no naka de nani ga ichiban suki desu ka.
A: ___________________________________________________

3. T =-7-- C: :i';v7 C: c:"i? GIJ)JJiJ~mH3v\_c:TiJ"o

Tenisu to gorufu to dochira no hoo ga o~oshiroi desu ka.
A: ____________________________________________________

4. tt3f1J)~' :'1':-ii1T~ t;: v\_c:TiJ·o

Sekai no doko ni ichiban ikitai desu ka.
A: ____________________________________________________

5. 'Y '/ -7 C: ~o ~~ -{ ~ C: c:"i? GiJ~~v\~Tv\_c:TiJ.o

Makku (Mac) to PC to dochira ga tsukai-yasui desu ka.

A: __~------~--------------------------------------
6. ::'*~IJ) 9J_c:t~hiJ~- ii·itiJ~iWiv \_C:TiJ·o

Go-kazoku no naka de dare ga ichiban'se ga takai desu ka.
A: __________________________________________________

19. Complete the following sentences by writing the number from the left-hand phrase in the
appropriate blank on the right.

Tanaka-san wa hito wa mina onaji da ___ tomodachi to au hima ga nai.

2. c:-ct*<ft--:d;:iJ·G, _ _ c:}i~h\'iTo

Totemo samuku nattta kara, to omoimasu.
3. 13*~:a:~v\ft€l6bt;:a~fJ:
_ _ ~iJ~~.giJ·t I..-h'iitlvo

Nihon-go wo narai-hajimeta toki wa ____ yuki ga furu kamo shiremasen.
c:~;t -Cv\'iTo
4. 'I'tl..- < -C

Isogashiku te __ to kangaete imasu.
Ex.5. -1-f~iJ~fpg~ft IJ)_C:,
_ _ '(} GiJ~ It l..-iJ·. It '1 it Iv _c: I..- t;:o

Ex.5. Kodomo ga byooki na node, ___ hiragana shika kakemasen deshita.

6. 12f1!f1.:4it 13 ~"7' ~ /:a:t&tf _ _ J: ? 1.:~Iv_C:lj.'iTo

Isha ni mainichi bitamin wo nomu ,_ ___ yoo ni tanonde mimasu.

7. ffiM:a: I..-ftv\_c: _ _ J:? I.:~:bh'i I..-t;: o

Shukudai wo shinaide _ _ yoo ni iwaremashita
_ _ ~t±I.:JI!h-C I..-'iv\'i I..-t;: o
8. ~ '7 / fJ:~hv\ftlBTt~

Mirano wa kirei na machi da kaisha ni okurete shimaimashita.

CHAP. 15] USEFUL EXPRESSIONS 205

Kesa wa nesugite ~ kyoo wa hayaku kaerimasu.

<10. /v- A ;L{ H':::7~;:tO){f~*~ Lttv\ _ _ ~~"'ff~~ Ltco

Ruumu-meeto ni rajio no oto wo ookiku shinai __ gakkoo e ikimashita

20. Give the Japanese equivalent to the following English sentences.
1. Our friend has gone back to Canada without saying good-bye to us.
2. Those shoes look nIce (geod), but they are too big for me.
3. Mr. Noro is the latest to arrive at the office (comes to the office the latest) every day.
4. Please tell Emiko to talk about Kyoto in class on Monday.
5. If one does exercise (sports) without eating sweets, one may become thin.
6. Which do you prefer, to live in a city or to live in the country?

21. Complete the following sentences by filling in the blanks with the proper form of one of the

verbs given below.

<~tr (nomu) , I1fl (kiku), J!it Q (miseru), ~A:. Q (taberu), 7.pft Q (kakeru), dG? (arau),
<tI:l Q (deru), ~? (au), tt:toT(naosu), • (kaku), :jt'"( Q (suteru: throwaway)

Ex. =. IvttW2ft:f--l-l~!Hi~A:.tc =. C:;O~ ib I) ~it Ivo

Konna henna ryoori wa ~ koto ga arimasen.

1. *-c'C D~_ _ _ IJ .:f~~ _ _ _ _ 1J TQ---::lt IJ -c'To

U chi de CD wo _ _ _ _ri tegami wo _ _ _ _ri suru tsumori desu.

<2. [!:j tt .:ddjlHiJJ;O~ v\v\-c'T J:: 0

Furuku natta kusuri wa ______ hoo ga ii desu yo.

r3. =.ttA:t7 :$7"/v t:"T' ;:ttciJ~G, -1-1*'.::_ _ _ _ _ _ I:tIt\ft~itlvo

. Kore wa adaruto (adult) bideo da kara, kodomo ni ikemasen.

4. ~ S O),JH:t:7:7 .AiJ~ttv\O)-c', !f.< *~ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ t v\v\o

Ashita no asa wa kurasu ga nai node, hayaku uchi wo _ _ _ _ _ _ _mo ll.

Ogawa-san ni wa _____ koto ga nai node, yoku shirimasen.

<6. !llf~ 1:t~lJlT Q wH':: J:: l:t It \ ft ~ it Iv J:: 0

Yasai wa ryoori-suru mae ni yoku _ _ _ _ _wa ikemasen yo.

<7. -1-1*O) a~J:: fitii~JH.::~Gttlt\AC: l:tv\ftttv\c: §:bn~ Ltc o

Kodomo no toki yoku ryooshin ni shiranai hito to _ _ _ _ _wa ikenai to iwaremashita.

8. =. O)~ttl:t[!:j lt \iJ~ G, tit \v \-c'T J:: o

Kono zasshi wa furui kara, _ _ _ _ _ mo ii desu yo.

206 USEFUL EXPRESSIONS [CHAP. 15

22. Translate the following English sentences into Japanese:
1. I have never sung songs at a karaoke bar.
2. I have to give the ticket to my little sister.
3. It is better to close the window.
4. I do not have to bring the homework tom.orrow.
5. The Japanese class is sometimes big and sometimes small.
6. I talked with my friend while having tea, eating lunch, and so on.
7. You had better not go out all alone late at night.
8. If you do not have a car, you may use mine.

Answers to Exercises

Chapter 1

1. 1. -eJ: c:. ~ It v\ (haha ja nai)

2. ;kill i3 I: L..tc (ka-yoobi deshita)

*.A.3. i3 c:.~ <!tJ IJ ~1t Iv I: L-tc (nihon-jin ja arimasen deshita)

*-4. ~ V\ ~"Jvl: (ookii biru de)

5. a3 r:p ~ Iv c:. ~ <!tJ IJ ~ 1tIv (Tanaka-san ja arimasen)

6. i!A tc 0 k (sakana datta)

7. -1?t!J 70)1!9cii!iic:.~/ti»0k (Itaria no eigaja nakatta)

2. 1. I:T (desu)

2. c:. ~ <!tJ IJ ~ 1tIv (ja arimasen)
3. I: L- tc (deshita), "1:T (desu)

4. I: (de)
5. I:T (desu)
6. "1:T (desu)

7. c:. ~ <!tJ IJ ~ 1tIv I: L- k (ja arimasen deshita)

8. I: (de)
9. I:T (desu)

Chapter 2

<1. 1. *-~ Itv\ (ookiku nai)
<2. • ItTP0 tc "1:T (atsuku nakatta desu)

3. ~;h,v\c:.~/t;O'0k (kireijanakatta)

<4. l!f It;O'0 tc (wakaku nakatta)

5. ffii.ll! c:. ~ It v\ (kantan ja nai)

6. ttt~ c:.~ <!tJ IJ ~1t Iv "1: L- tc (suki ja arimasen deshita)

*<7. Itv\ (samuku nai)

8. 1:~ c:. ~ <!tJ IJ ~ 1tIv (joozu ja arimasen)

<9. filii Itv\ (takaku nai)

10. JEte: c:. ~ <!tJ IJ ~ 1tIv I: L- IC (shoojiki ja arimasen deshita)

2. 1. ~ ;0'0 tc I:T (takakatta desu)

<2. J: <!tJ IJ ~ 1tIv (yoku arimasen)
<3. iii S <!tJ IJ ~ 1tIv "1: L- tc (omoshiroku arimasen' deshita)

4. 1:~ c:. ~ <!tJ IJ ~ 1tIv (joozu ja arimasen)

5. ~nV\t-c0tc (kireidatta)

3. 1. ~ V\ (takai)
2. ~ nH;: (kirei ni)

<3. !f. (hayaku)

207

208 ANSWERS TO EXERCISES

4. Mllh't (kantan na)

5. *v\ (nagai)
6. fif't5 ft (suki na)
7. 1f15I;: (yuumei ni)

4. 1.:" O)t51iHi C -C b~< -C~~;titlvo (Kono ocha wa totemo atsukute nomemasen.)
2. IPJJ 83 ~ lvl:tlElK""(:'v \v \).. ""(:'-90 (Okada·san ~a shoojiki de ii hito desu.)
3. ibO) VA 1--'7 /1:t~~GiI~1f15""(:', v\""':)b :"lv-c'v\;t-9o (Ano resutoran wa tenpura ga
yuumei de, itsumo konde imasu.)
4. 't5 0) oj l:t'tt L < -C~l¥O)/"~-T -1-I;:ITlt;t it lv""(:' Lt;:o (Kinoo wa isogashikute tomodachi no
paatii ni ikemasen deshita.)
5. :.. 0) j] j '71:t't< < -C~v \~-9v \ \."-90 (Kono kamera wa yasukute tsukai·yasui desu.)

5. 1. ~I!i L t;: v\ (hanashi-tai)
2. IT 't5 ~-9v \ (iki-yasui)

<3. ~ ~ I;: v\ (kaeri-nikui)
<<4. it".:q;: ft v\ (tabe-nikuku nai)

5. *t;:iI'0 t;: (ki-takatta)

<6. ~lj.~-9 ft v\ (yomi-yasuku nai)

7. Lt;:< ft/J'0t;: (shi-takunakatta)

<8. Jt~-9 ft/J'0 t;: (mi-yasuku nakatta)

°9. ~ -C Il Lv \/b G v\t;:v \ (tsukatte hoshiilmoraitai)

6. 1. fLI:t/J' ~ v\ '7 :?;til~ Il Lv \""(:'-90 (Watashi wa chiisai rajio ga hoshii desu.)
2. 4'1!$e1:tWH:t~lj.t;: < ib ~ ;titlvo (Konban wa sake wa nomi-taku arimasen)
3. :.. 0)~*1:t1t;t I;: < v\""(:'-90 (Kono kanji wa oboe-nikui desu.)
4. :.. O)rl'l~JI: 0 t;: < --:51:t1:t't5~-9v \""(:'-90 (Kono aida katta kutsu wa haki-yasui desu.)
5. .:r~O)lli!j,- fLI:tW'§"I;: ft ~ t;:/J'0t;:""(:'-90 (Kodomo no toki, watashi wa keikan ni naritakatta
desu.)
6. S ;$:0)£3; C ~ Lt;: < -C, 7 j !J jj /J' G~~I!i~/J'lt;t Lt;:o (Nihon no haha to hanashitakute, Amerika
kara denwa wo kakemashita.)

7. 1. *v\""(:'-9o (samui desu)
2. :.. O)'t<v\A./I:t.'t5~-9v\""(:'-9o (Kono yasui pen wa kaki-yasui desu.)

3. t5-=t v\~1l! (osoi densha)

4. -=to)31!J 0) )..1:t;t1i' < ft/J'0 t;: ""(:'-90 (Sono otoko no hito wa wakaku nakatta desu.)

5. fLiI~ -*{±lj.t;: v\,pJi' (watashi ga ichiban sumi-tai tokoro)
6. iJ!fIJftr.5 (henri na mise)

7. Jij(.:r ~ lvIU~("""'*-C /1 L/J'0 t;:/b Gv\t;:/J'0 t;: (Toshiko-san ni uchi e kite hoshikatta/morai-takatta)
8. -=to)~~1:t ~ 01'i""(:' Lt;:o (Sono tatemono wa rippa deshita.)
9. )f[;j::O)pil:tIm't5I;: < /J'0 t;: ""(:'-90 (Sensei no koe wa kiki-niku katta desu.)

<8. 1. ~ -C (atsukute)

2. ~/J'-C' (shizuka de)

ANSWERS TO EXERCISES 209

<3. I~ L- -C (hoshikute)
<4. L- t:. -C (shitakute)

5. ~ nit \"t' (kirei de)

<<6. 1'1 ~ I;: -C (haki-nikukute)

<9. 1. iI! (osoku)

2. 1f~ f~ (yuumei na)

<3. • L- ft.tJ>0 t:. (muzukashiku nakatta)

4. •iJ.Jf~ (shinsetsu na)
5. fT~t:.lt\ (iki-tai)
6. l:~I;: (joozu ni)

< '*7. J:: ~ V) itIv (yoku arimasen)
'*8. ~flJ t. ~ ~ V) itIv \." L- t:. (benri ja arimasen deshita)
< '*9. ~It \~TIt \ (tsukai-yasui)

10. L- t:. ~ V) itIv (shi-taku arimasen)

Chapter 3

'*1. 1. t~ (mada)
'*2. t~, t ? (mada, moo)
'*3. t~, t? (mada, moo)
'*4. t?, t~ (moo, mada)

'*2. 1. fJ.I'11) -{ A :\'--I'1-tfIv-tf1v!J:.1J.. itIva (Watashi wa uisukii wa zenzen nomimasen.)
'* '*2. t:.It\-CIt\*"t'~%i L- Til~lIilk ~.tl1i"t' L- To (Taitei uchi de benkyoo shimasu ga, tokidoki
'* < '*toshokan de shimasu.)

3. 4- 13 1'17(1ti.il~ ~ V) J:: ;t;., V) it Iva (Kyoo wa tenki ga amari yoku arimasen.)

4. fij: 13 :.0):tE1;:*~~0-C1t\'*TtJ~, f~tJ>t~tJ>riJ(~ ,*itlv. (Mainichi kono hana ni mizu wo yatte imasu

ga, nakanaka sakimasen.)

rI5. J:::] ~ 1v1'1*il;t~tJ>t~i»l:~\."To (Eguchi-san wa uta ga nakanaka joozu desu.)

'*3. 1. ~ V) (amari)

2. t? (moo)

'*3. -tfIv-tfIv (zenzen)

4. t~ (mada)

5. IIilk (tokidoki)

6. t~tJ,t~tJ, (nakanaka)

'*4. 1. -tfIv-tflv, t~ (amari, mada)
'*2. ~ V), IIilk (amari, tokidoki)
'*3. t~tJ,t~tJ, (nakanaka)

4. t?, t~ l-tfIv-tfIv (inoo, mada I zenzen)

Chapter 4
1. 1. f:: 0) (sono)

210 ANSWERS TO EXERCISES

2. ~(J) (ano) (koko)

::.n3. (kore), ~t~f;:i,)'J:<~?(J) (anatagayokutsukauno),

2. 1. ~(J) (ano)

2. -tn (sore), ~(J) (ano)
3. -t::. (soko)

c:4. !vt~ (donna)

3. 1. ::' (J)1tA.~ I"i fiiJ""(' Til'o (Kono tabemono wa nan desu ka), S :;$:(f);Joi,» I...- ""('To (Nihon no okashi

desu.)

2. S :;$:(J)~fil;::--:::> ~ ~-C -t::. -c'*P'lI;:: :~:~;t.,,* I...-t;:. o (Nihon no ginkoo ni tsutomete soko de kanai ni

a i m a s h i t a .)

<3. c·!vt~.i,)ql U '-c'Til'o (Donna kuruma ga hoshii desu ka), 1I!fA< ~ !vi,)' tj, ~ -C~1t '(J):a:-~-::>

-C 1t '*T:Po (Shimizu-san ga chiisakute akai no wo motte imasu ne.) ~!vt~(J)I.i,)ql 1...-1t'""('To

(Anna nolkuruma ga hoshii desu.)

Chapter 5
1. 1. ni-juu·yon

2. hachi-juu-kyuu
3. hyaku·kyuu-juu-hachi
4. san-byaku-go-juu-roku
5. hap-pyaku-hachi-juu-ichi
6. rop-pyaku-san-juu
7. kyuu-sen-san
8. ichi-man-san-zen-ni-hyaku
9. go-man

2. l. yo-ji jup-pun
2. go-ji juugo-fun
3. ku-ji sanjup-pun
4. hachi-ji gojup-pun
5. shichi-ji yonjuugo-fun
6. ni-ji yonjup-pun
7. ichi-ji go-fun
8. juuni-ji nijup-pun

4. l. +:;$: (jup-pon)

2. fiiJA (nan-nin)

3. = l2f (ni-hiki)

4. fiiJft (nan-mai)

5. =--:::> (futa-tsu), -=--:;$: (san-bon)
6. =+:;$: (nijup-pon)
<'7 . It' --:::> (ikutsu)

8. 119ft (yon-mai)

ANSWERS TO EXERCISES 211

9. ~ Iiv\ (san-bai)
10. - )... (hitori)

5. 1. san-ji yonjuu go-fun

2. ku-ji jup-pun
3. roku-gatsu sanjuu-nichi
4. ichi-gatsu tsuitachi
5. juuichi-gatsu mikka
6. roppyaku-juu-mai
7. juu-rop-pai
8. jup-piki
9. nanatsu
10. sen-sanbyaku-kyuujuu-ni-nin
11. kyuujup-pon

6. 1. 4- S lifiiJ S -COT;O'o (Kyoo wa nan-nichi desu ka.), + ~ +1': S, ~ III S -COTo (Juu-gatsu

juuroku-nichi, getsu-yoobi desu.)

2. s-{iiJaif-COT;O'o (lma nan-ji desu ka.), lmaif3i+:51--Z:'T o (Yo-ji gojup-pun desu.)

-= * *3. KP? A:7-:f-~ ~ --::>-i:A:* L..t.::.o (Yuube keeki wo mittsu tabemashita.)

4. 1l9~ +- S ;0' G :tL~ + S -co S *~;: v\ T o (Shi-gatsu juuichi-nichi kara ku-gatsu san-juu-nichi

made Nihon ni imasu.)

5. ~ilU$;I;: S *O) *1E lLt ;O~ )\' 2: --::> ~ fJ *To (Toshokan ni Nihon no zasshi ga has-sa tsu arimasu.)
< * ="':) \*6. aifg+ ~ v \ "':)F!i'-? -C v\ T;O'o (Tokei wo ikutsu motte imasu ka.),
L..;O'F!i'-? -C v itIvo

*(Futatsu shika motte imasen.)

7. a1= S t:" - Jv ~1': *~lj. L..t.::.o (Kinoo biiru wo rop-pon nomimashita.)

Ch apter 6

1. 1. ;O~ (ga)
2. ~"i (wa)
3. Ii (wa)
4. ;O~ (ga)
5. ;O~ (ga)

2. li (wa) , iI~ (ga)/O) (wa) , Ii (wa), li(wa) , ;O~(ga), l"i(wa), iI"(ga), l"i(wa)

3. 1. I;: (ni)

2. -co (de)

3. I;: (ni), ~ (wo)

4. -co (de)

5. I;: (ni)/"- (e)

6. -co (de)

7. I;: (ni)
8. ~ (wo)

9. -co (de)

212 ANSWERS TO EXERCISES

10. i" (wo) , I:::: (ni) , ""- (e)lI:::: (ni)
11 . a-- (wo), I:::: (ni)
12. """f (de)

4. I:::: (ni) , ""-(e)/l::::(ni), """f(de) , i"(wo), I::::(ni) , ""-(e)/l::::(ni) , I::::(ni), I:::: (ni), i"(wo), """f(de) , i"(wo) ,
"""f(de), """f(de), I::::(ni), a--(wo)

6. P (ne), ;;?'(ka), J: (yo) , ip(ka) , P(ne), J: (yo) , P(ne) , ip(ka), ;;? ' (ka) , J: (yo), ;;?'(ka), ;;? ' (ka), J: (yo), .

P (ne) , ;;?'(ka), P (ne)

6. 1. 0) (no)
2. b (mo)

c3. (to)

4. ~ (ya), ~ (ya)
5. 0) (no)
6. b (mo)
7. C (to)

c8. (to)

9. 0) (no)
10. 0) (no)

c11. (to)

12. b (mo) , b (mo)

c13. (to)

7. 0) (no), C (to), ~ (ya) , ~ (ya),
C (to), C (to)

8. 1. ~ """fl:::: (made ni)
2. ;;?' 6 (kara)
3. ;;?' 6 (kara)
4. ;;?' 6 (kara), ~"""f (made)

9. ;;?'6 (kara), ~"""fl::::(made ni) , ~"""f(made), ;;?'6 (kara) , ~"""f(made), ~"""fl:::: (made ni) ,
~ """f(made) , ~ """fl:::: (made ni)

10. 1. 11 c" (hodo)

2. L-;;?' (shika)
3. L- ;;?' (shika)

4. 11 c" (hodo)

5. J: I) (yori)

ANSWERS TO EXERCISES 213

2. ~ (wo)
3. ~ (wo) , ~;: (ni), ~ (e)
4. ~ (no) , tJ> (ka)
5. tJ, (ga)

6. -c' (de), ~ (no), ~ (wo)
7. -c' (de), i), (ga)

8. -c' (de)

c9. ~ (wo), (to)

10. L-tJ > (shika)

11. t (mo) , t (mo)

c·12. ~l (hodo)

13. * -c' (made)
14. ~;: (ni), * -c'~;: (made·ni)

13. l"i (wa), ~;:(ni)/~ (e), ~;:(ni), ~;:(ni)/~(e), ~(wo), ~(wo) , ~(wo) , ~(wo) , l"i(wa), ~(ya)"

~ (ya), ~(ya), tJ' (ga), ~(wo), t (mo) , i); (ga)m (no) , i)'(ga), L-i»(shika) , l"i(wa) , J: ~ (yori) ,

c (to), ~(no), -c'(d) , ~(wo), ~;:(ni), -c'(de) , ~(wo), ~;:(ni), ~(wo), i» G(kara) , ~(wo),

~ ;: (ni) , C(to)

Chapter 7
1. 1. * ~fi\' ~ Q ~ ID ~ J!-It* L- f;:.o (Ron wo kariru toki ID wo misemashita.)
2. :i!ln;:* Q ~I"imi ~~.7j. * -It Ivo (Kuruma ni noru toki wa sake wo nomimasen.)
3. '%1:.1;:~0 t;::~Jtrll' L- *To (Sensei ni atta toki shitsumon shimasu.)
4. 13 *~:ff0 t;::~t»~~ i); J!t;:: It \-c'To (Nihon e itta toki kabuki ga mitai desu.)

2. 1. lZI'U11l~:ff0 t;::~*:a:fi\' ~ * To (Toshokan e itta toki hon wo karimasu.)

* '*2. ,I't U\~I"i.!f!-< *I;:~tt*-Itlvo (Isogashii toki wa hayaku uchi ni kaeremasen.)

3. ~ ttl Q ~lIUi5 L- To (Uchi wo deru toki denwa shimasu.)
c r:tJ -4. i)'lilv ¥ft:a:~ 0 t;::~:7 V7' -( -;;
tt ~~It\'! L-t;::o (Kaban to kutsu wo katta

toki kureditto kaado(credit card) wo tsukaimashita.

3. 1. -¥~~.It \t;:::(&-c'jjl-@!r.u~:ff~ '! T o (Tegami wo kaita ato de yuubinkyoku e ikimasu.)

2. 13 * ~:ff < wH;:*~~*T }V~;:Tf-J L- ""(:t3~ '!To (Nihon e iku mae .ni Tookyoo no hoteru ni

yoyaku shite okimasu.)

3. :; 3 :¥ ~ ~ L- t;:: 1& -c' V l' 1] - ~ UJV'! T o (Jogingu (jogging) shita ato de shawaa (shower) wo

a b i m a s u .)

r4. it.~ L-t;:::(&-c'7~- ~it"':''!To (Shokuji wo shita ato de dezaato wo tabemasu.)

4. 1. It;t~~MI;:~*~~1!§I L-*To (Shiken no mae ni kanji wo renshuu shimasu.)
2. ffi'M~ L-t;::1&-c'I±\i»lt'!To (shukudai wo shita ato de dekakemasu.)

3. t:pOO~:ff < MI;:~lMl;:~m!i L- * L-t;::o (Chuugoku e iku mae ni tomodachi ni denwa shimashita.)

4. :t3b61;:A0t;::1&-c'~Q-?t ~ -c'To (O-furo ni haitta ato de neru tsumori desu.)

214 ANSWERS TO EXERCISES

2. t-}vb;~ 9 rd'lT.Sb; ::'1v-r1t\"~To (Seeru ga aru aida mise ga konde imasu.)
3. S ;I\Q;:It'9 rd'l~;: ~± U1 b;JUclt'-rTo (Nihon ni iru aida ni Fujisan ga mitai desu.)
4. ~~b~f*Jj.O)rl'l':; .bd'iM;t --:> -Clt';t-ro (Gakkoo ga yasumi no aida jimu (gym) wa shimatte imasu.)

6. 1. t - }vb; ~ 9 rl'l'~;: ::t - "b; ~ It' tc It' -rTo (Seeru ga aru aida ni kooto (coat) ga
kai-tai desu.)

2. ~O)rl'l'::' 0) 1::"-7~'iDb'-rTo (Fuyu no aida kono biichi(beach) wa shizuka desu.)
3. :X:1'if.L.b;~-C1t'9 rd'l~;:*~/il;t L..t.::o (Chichi wa watashi ga nete iru aida ni uchi wo demashita.)

<7. 1. $mb~ 2: tdt.It'b't;;."f:? t:.~ L.. -C t-::'~ It '0 (Heya ga kitanai kara sooji wo shite kudasai.)
<2. ~rd'lb;ftlt 'b' t;;f@It'-r 't-::. ~ It '0 (Jikan ga nai kara isoide kudasai.)

3. Jj.lvftb;~~§i L.. -C1t'9b't;;Db'~;:~L..;t L.. J: ? 0 (Minna ga benkyoo shite iru kara shizuka ni
h a n a s h i m a s h o o .)

4. W;t~b;~b--:> tcb' t;;iQftJl;:rr2: tc It '-rTo (Shiken ga owatta kara asobi ni ikitai desu.)

8. 1. jitifmb~*9 il' t;; /ilil'lt t;;n;tit Ivo (Ryooshin ga kuru kara dekakeraremasen.)
2. ~fttcO)~1::. S t-::'il't;;/"~ -T-1 ~ L..;t L..J:? 0 (Anata no tanjoobi da kara paatii (party) wo
shimashoo.

<3. '1i -C~1t 'b' t;; It ,"'.) t±l!rf~~;:* ~ ;t To (Yasukute hayai kara itsumo chikatetsu ni norimasu.)

4. ffj- L..1t'::t ~ I::'.::L -?r -~~ --:> teil' t;;.to~b;~ ~ ;tit Ivo (Atarashii konpyuutaa (computer) wo
katta kara o-kane ga arimasen.)

9. 1. ~M~SntcO)-r)t;1::.~;: L..il't;;n;t L..tc (Shukudai wo wasureta node sensei ni
shikararemashita.)

2. ~b;iIllt'ftO)~;:jJ '7 ;t-7-r~b~n;t L..tco (Uta ga kirai na noni karaoke de utawasaremashita.)
3. ::. 0)~1'i1f:il ftO)-rtd"L ~t~--:>-CIt';tTo (Kono tera wa yuumei na node dare demo shitte

i m a s u .)
4. iJlt'7 /~- "ftO)~;:*i::>lvb~~It'-rTo (Furui apaato na noni yachin ga takai desu.)
5. ~~§i L..ftil'--:> tcO)~;:W;t~I'i~ ~ L..b' --:> te -rTo (Benkyoo shinakatta noni shiken wa yasashikatta

d e s u .)

10. 1. I!&It'ftb~ t;; (suinagara)
2. itJj.ftb; t;; (nominagara)
3. ~It'ftb~ t;; (utainagara)
4. jt.r<ft b; t;; (tabenagara)

11. 1. .'f~~il2: ftb~ t;;~.:::'~~jt.r<;t L..tco (Tegami wo kakinagara hiru-gohan wo tabemashita.)
2. '7 :;;t~Ilfl2: ftb; t;;i!$e.:::'~~fF ~;t L..tco (Rajio wo kikinagara ban-gohan wo tsukurimashita.)
3. )t;1::.I'i:7 '7 A -rlt'"'.) tW2: ftb; t;;~f(;t ;tTo (Sensei wa kurasu de itsmo arukinagara oshiemasu.)

12. 1. t;~~;t -r~;: (shichiji-han made ni)

<2. IfI'f ft 9 ;t -r (kuraku naru made)
<3. '='.::L - A ~ Iifl ;t -r (nyuusu wo kiku made)

4. f*Jj.b;~b9;t -r~;: (yasumi ga owaru made ni)

ANSWERS TO EXERCISES 215

=-5. +::t* -c'1;: (sanjus-sai made ni)

6. *~I±I~*\7I;: (uchiwoderumadeni)

13. 1. T v I:::'~ J!t~;6~ ~ (tcrebi wo minagara)

<2. ~t~t~:J!)*"""ff MI;: (anata no uchi e iku mae ni)

3. 11U![1;:*-:> -C" \~ 111:11;: (densha ni notte iru aida ni)
4. m%.(7)rd'l (byooki no aida)

5. *~ ~ In \-C" \ ~ ~ (tegami wo kaite iru toki)

< *6. T,:=,.7-. ~ L- t~'1&\7 (tenisu wo shita ato de)

7. jC%.IUJ: t~ ~ \7 (genki nilyoku naru made)

8. S *At~(7)I;: (nihon-jin na noni)
9. ~ S l:ta(7)~1:. S t~(7)-c'lt-!.;6> ~ (ashita wa haha no tanjoobi na node/da kara)
10. .to~;6!t~ " \;6> ~ (o-kane ga nai kara)

14. 1. if~~Iifl~ (ongaku wo kiki)
2. $~(7)-t ? t:.~T ~ (heya no sooji wo suru)

3. $~(7)-t ? t:.~ L-k (heya no sooji wo shita)

4. :i1!rffkl;:*-:> -c" \~ (chikatetsu ni notte iru)

*5. {£k ~ Iv C ~.~ L- -C" \ ~ (Sasaki-san to kaigi wo shite iru)

6. ~-:>~ml;:ff-:>t~ (kissa-tenniitta)
7. ~t±~l±It~ (kaisha wo deta)
8. * I;:ffil ~ (uchi ni kaeru)

ChapterB

l. 1. aruku, aruita, arukanai, arukanakatta
2. shinu, shinda, shinanai, shinanakatta
3. nomu, nonda, nomanai, nomanakatta
4. kaku, kaita, kakanai, kakanakatta
5. kaeru, kaetta, kaeranai, kaeranakatta
6. asobu, asonda, asobanai, asobanakatta
7. tatsu, tatta, tatanai, tatanakatta
8. hajimeru, hajimeta, hajimenai, hajimenakatta
9. suru, shita, shinai, shinakatta
10. suu, sutta, suwanai, su~anakatta

2. 1. moraimasu
2. kikimasu
3. machimasu
4. hanashimasu
5. tsukurimasu
6. demasu
7. agemasu

* *3. 1. I;:, ;6~, ~ IJ T (xii, ga, arimasu), ~ IJ it Iv (arimasen)

216 ANSWERS TO EXERCISES

2. ~;:, tJ~, v';}; T (ni, ga, imasu)

3. ~i, ~;:, (b I) ;}; T(wa, ni, llrimasu)

4. ~;:, tJ~, v';}; T(ni, ga, imasu)

5. ~i, ~;:, v\;}; l.J:.(wa, ni, imashita)

4. 1. ~ ~ ;}; T, ~lf.;}; T, ~lf.;}; T (okimasu, nomimasu, yomimasu)

2. ff ~ ;}; itIv l: L- t:., v';}; L- t:. (ikimasen deshita, imashita)

3. (blf;}; L-t:. (agemashita)
4. 5ttJ'l);}; T (wakarimasu)
5. 1}fJ:.;t;}; it Iv (kikoemasen)

6. Mv';}; L- t:. (kaimashita)

*7. ~ I) ;}; T (furimasu)

8. -=5 (kuru)

5. 1. ~*tJq!Ht;};To (Kanji ga kakemasu.)
2. ~ * ""11' It ;}; T o (Nihon e ikemasu.)
3. ~ *l*l:m~1.l; tJ ' lt Gh;}; itlvo (Nihon·go de denwa ga kakeraremasen.)
4. ~ ~ 1L~;}; l:~;:* Gh;};itlvo (Ashita ku·ji made ni koraremasen.)
5. P' ..{ Yl*1.l~ .p L-~i5it;}; To (Doitsu·go ga sukoshi hanasemasu.)

<6. ijiJJ!f!- ~ ~ Gh;}; it Ivo (Asa hayaku okiraremasen.)

6. 1. $t1:.~;::lO =f.~JH:·v ' t:.t;::'~;}; L-t:.o (sensei ni o-tegami wo itadakimashita.)

<fL~;::lO=f.~~ t;::' ~ v';}; L-t:.o (watashi ni o-tegami wo kudasaimashita.)

2. ~i¥~;:*it~~(blf;}; L-t:.o (tomodachi ni zasshi wo agemashita.)
3. ~+ ~ Iv~;:~*~(blf;}; L-t:.o (Keiko-san ni tokei wo agemashita.)

$ 'ff] ~ Iv~;: ~~t ~ t G v\;}; L- t:.o (Kooji-san ni tokei wo moraimashita')
4. fitii~~;::lO:s1l:~ t G v,;}; L- k o (ryooshin ni o-kane wo moraimashita.)

<fL~;::101i't~ h;}; L.t:. o (watashi ni o-kane wo kuremashita.)

<7. 1. ~tJ;~ It. I) ;}; L- t:. o (Atama ga itaku narimashita.)

2. .A ~.A ~ Ivli~1lt I;:It.I);}; L-t:.o (Sumisu-san wa isha ni narimashita.)

<3. :.-O)JrIl~liU L-Ji- It. I) ;}; L- t:.o (Kono heya wa mushi-atsuku narimashita.)

4. :. O)IJ{O;};~;: It. I) ;}; L- t:. o (Kono goro hima ni narimashita.)
5. ~liT':::.AtJ~ J::=f.~;:It.I);}; L-t:. o (Otooto wa tenisu gajoozu ni narimashita.)
6. fLli ~ tJ:;.v 'I;: It. I) ;}; L- t:.o (Watashi wa niku ga kirai ni narimashita.)

8. 1. L-;};T, L- ;}; T (shimasu, shimasu)
2. It. -? t:. (natta)
3. L- ;}; L- k (shimashita)
4. L- ;}; T (shimasu)
5. It. I) ;}; L- t:. (narimashita)

9. 1. nomareru
2. nusumareru

ANSWERS TO EXERCISES 21 7

3. shiraberareru
4. warawareru
5. tatakareru
6. hanasarer u

10. 1. fLI:tlj.lvftl.:.~:btv* l J;:.o (Watashi wa minna ni warawaremashita.)
2. fLl:ttl. ::'I':'~ ~1t..--< '? :n.~ lA;:.o (Watashi wa neko ni sakana wo taberaremashita.)
3. fM:tt;:::nt.pl.:.ff!I~I':'A '?:n~ l J;:.o (Watashi wa dareka ni heya ni hairaremashita.)
4. fM:t-BH.:. L-~> '?:n~ L-ko (Watashi wa haha ni shikararemashita.)
5. fLI:t%1:I.:.Jtr,,~ ~:n~ L-ko (Watashi wa sensei ni shitsumon saremashita.)

6. fM:t Wl~;I':' ftBT ~ IIM>:h ~ L- t;:.o (Watashi wa keikan ni juusho wo kikaremashita.)

11. 1. mataseru

2. motte-kosaseru
3. oboesaseru
4. tetsudawaseru
5. kangaesaseru
6. kakaseru
7. renshuu-saseru
8. hanasaseru

12. 1. ;t;1:I:t¥:1:I.:.ll*~J!t.:t ~-It~To (Sensei wa gakusei ni kanji wo oboesasemasu.)
2. -Bt1:tMcI.:.~~~~-It~ L-t;:.o (Haha wa imooto ni kusuri wo nomasemashita.)
3. fLI:tiiliitm~IL,j!jC.~-It~ L-t;:.o (Watashi wa ryooshin wo shinpai sasemashita.)

4. %1: l:t ¥:1: I.:. fiiJlt b T -7"~ I1fl ~>-It ~ To (Sensei wa gakusei ni nando mo teepu wo kikasemasu.)

13. 1. ff!I~I':' c!:: ~ '?-It-c;t;;,lft;:. (heya ni tomarasete ageta)

< < <2. 4" S !f. mI- '? -It-C :nt;:./ t;:: ~ '? t;:. (kyoo hayaku kaerasete kuretalkudasatta)

3. at S -7 '7 A ~f*~-It-C b '? '? t;:. /v\t;:. t;::v \t;:. (kinoo kurasu wo yasumasete moratta/itadaita)
4. J - r ~ ~ 1::' _ ~-It-C ;t;;,lft;:., J - r ~ ~ 1::' _ ~ -It -C b ~ '? t;:.(nooto wo kopii sasete ageta),(nooto

wo kopii sasete mor atta)

14. 1. kakaseru, kakaserareru
2. shirabesaseru, shirabesaserareru
3. oboesaseru, oboesaserareru
4. kosaseru, kosaserareru
5. kawaseru, kawaserareru
6. mataseru, mataserareru
7. saseru, saserareru

15. 1. -Bt1':'!I!f~~1t..--< ~ -It '?:h~ L- t;:.o (Haha ni yasai wo tabesaseraremashita.)
2. ;&~I.:.:1;ft;:.-It '?:n~ L-t;:.o (Tomodachi ni mataseraremashita.)
3. 12f11r1.:.ft5~~oIb ~-It '?:h~ L-t;:.o (Isha ni sake wo yamesaseraremashita.)
4. -Btl::: 1::' 7 J ~~~ ~-It'?:h~To (Haha ni piano wo renshuu saseraremasu.)

218 ANSWERS TO EXERCISES

16. 1. notte
2. nonde
3. mite
4. motte
5. oshiete
6. kashite
7. tetsudatte
8. shimete
9. nuide

17. 1. [jg]i!Uli.ro-..fj'-? "'C$::a:-ft ~ "*-to (Toshokan e itte 'hon wo karimasu.)
2. :;.b. -rill< v' -r*~;: mI- ~ "* -t0 (Jimu de oyoide uchi ni kaerimasu.)
3. ~:a:-tlXlv-r~"* lA::.o (Kusuri wo nonde nemashita.)
4. '::'JHilv:a:-t'P-? -C11t""-"* L-t~o (Gohan wo tsukutte tabemashita.)
5. 7§ :a:-~~-Clj:Ib:a:-~il3t)"* -to (Sake wo yamete undoo wo hajimemasu.)

*18. 1. -? -CRlXiMe: Gn"* 1tIvo (Futotte fuku ga kiraremasen.)

2. ~il'1l < it -? -C 1"1~t"* 1tIvo (Kutsu ga furuku natte hakemasen.)
3. ffiil'~Iv-r~il' l!I'I Q < it ~ "* L-ko (Ame ga yande sora ga akaruku narimashita.)
4. ][i*Jril'~a"* -? -CPi L-v '-r-to (Natsu-yasumi ga hajimatte ureshii desu.)
5. P':::' il'9E1v-r 2: V L- < it ~ "* L- t~o (Neko ga shinde sabishiku narimashita.)

< <19. 1. J:: ~;t -C t(. 2: v'o (Yoku kangaete kudasai.)
<2. ~;6'~;:tiS L- -C t(' 2: v'o (Shizuka ni hanashite kudasai.)

3. ~:a:-~fHt-c < t::2: v'o (Mado wo akete kudasai.)
4. 1'7 :a:- M~ -C < t(' 2: v'o (Doa wo shimete kudasai.)

5. ~ Iv -7 :a:- ~ -? -C ~ -C < t:: 2: v'0 (Miruku wo katte kite kudasai.)
t::6. *~.ro-..fj'-? -C1Slf.:a:-~ -? -C < 2: v'o (Hon-ya e itte jisho wo katte kudasai.)

20. 1. L- -C v'"* -t (shite imasu)
2. t'P -? -C v' "* -t (tsukutte imasu)

3. ~v'-Cv,"*-t (kiite imasu)

4. BE L- -C v'"* -t (hanashite imasu)
5. tlXlv-rv'"*-t (nonde imasu)
6. i!fv\-Cv\"*-t (kaite imasu)

21. 1. f'F-?-C;jO~"*-t (tsukutteokimasu)

2. l"1v\-CJr"* L-t~ (haite mimashita)
3. ~1v-rJr"*-t (yonde mimasu)
4. ~ -? -C L- "* v\"* L- k (tsukatte shimaimashita)

5. ~-?-C;jO~"*-t (katte okimasu)

22. 1. v\v\il'ltlv:a:-~-?-C<n"*L-t~o (Iikabanwokattekuremashita.)

v\v\il'ltlv:a:-~-?-Cb Gv\"* L-t~o (Ii kaban wo katte moraimashita.)

ANSWERS TO EXERCISES 219

2. 1t'1t'7 JvrC{ ,,~Jt---::Jlt-C;li)lj~ L.t;:.o (Ii arubaito wo mitsukete agemashita.)

<3. 1f~ tt~f;:i!I!n-C1T-::> -C n~ L.t;:.o (Yuumei na tera ni tsurete itte kuremashita.)

1f~ tt~f;:i!I!n-C1T-::> -C t G It'~ L.t;:.o (Yu umei na tera ni tsurete itte moraimashita.)

nit4. ~ ,ttii1r~~~-::> -C ;li)lj~ L.t;:.o (Kirei na kimono wo okutte agemashita.)

~ nlt'ttii1r~~~-::>-C t GIt'~ L.t;:.o (Kirei na kimono wo okutte moraimashita.)

23. 1. hanasoo
2. yameyoo
3. deyoo
4. kaeroo
5. yasumoo
6. benkyoo shiyoo
7. tsukuroo
8. tsukaoo
9. matoo

10. mitsukeyoo

24. 1. ~t? (yomoo)
2. L.J:? (shiyoo)
3. ;li)lj J: ? (ageyoo)
4. It' J: ? (iyoo)
5. ~:t3? (kaoo)
6. ill<::.'? (oyogoo)

25. 1. lflt'-C (kaite)
2. ~Iv\.' (nonde)
3. ~:t3? (aoo)
4. Jt;t ~ -r (miemasu)
5. tl:1v\.'1t'~-r (sunde imasu)
6 . ~;t ~ -It Iv (kaemasen)
7 . ~'?-C (futte)

*. 8. T~i!i-lt~ (hanasemasu)

9. ~ '? -C It' -r (shitte imasu)
10. ;Ii) IJ ~ -r (arimasu)
11. ~~n~ L.t;:. (nomaremash ita)

12. t,t. 6? (naroo)
13. ::. C: f;: L. t;:. (koto ni shita)

14. :t3~*T (okimasu)
15. L. ~ L. f;: (shimashita)

16. l7- ~ L. f;: (mimashita)
17. L. ~ It ,~ L. t;:. (shimaimashita)
18. J:? I;: tt '? t;:. (yoo ni natta)

<19. nt;:. (kureta)

20. ~ L.;Ii)lj J: ? (sashiageyoo)

220 ANSWERS TO EXERCISES

26. 1. S *Ht~~;t -e t GI, \* lAco (nihon-go wo oshiete moraimashita.)

2. :::t 2/-lj-- r-I.::i§!n-eff-? -e lbli* 1..- ko (konsaato ni tsurete itte agemashita.)
3. -@m~:f~;b-itG;h,* 1....-tco (shukudai wo tetsudawaseraremashita.)
4. ~;bn* 1..- tco (warawaremashita.)
5. ~ · }v:7 ~J!l-?-e*~-it* 1....-tco (miruku wo katte kosasemashita.)

<6. • ~~;b-it-e n* 1....-tco (kuruma wo tsukawasete kuremashita.)

7. {.'~~-itGn* 1....-tc o (shinpai saseraremashita.)

<27. 1. ::'O)fm§W: 5 9 ~ -e~5~;O>""("~*-itlvo (Kono heya wa urusakute benkyoo ga dekimasen.)
<2. 4'1lt, m~jIi 1..- -e tc ~ v\0 (Konban, denwa shite kudasai.)

3. J: 1....-::. ~ IvI.::fiiJ;O>1tA:.J: 5, .!:: gl,\"* 1....-tco (Yoshiko-san ni nani ka tabeyoo, to iimashita.)
4. ~ 1..- I, \ i3 ~.~ Ji: 5 ::. .!:: I.:: 1..- * Ltco (Atarashii jitensha wo kau koto ni shimashita.)
5. ffiO){f;O>IJij::.;t * To (Ame no oto ga kikoemasu.)
6. S *O)~JtI':::f~~.v\-e:jO~ *To (Nihon no tomodachi ni tegami wo kaite okimasu.)
7. 4'0)7 }v/'4 r- ~~af) J: 5 .!:: ,1~,-? -el, \*To (Ima no arubaito wo yameyoo fo omotte imasu.)
8. ~ 1..- I, \ V.A r- '7 2/----ff -? -e l:f. * L J: 50 (Atarashii resutoran e itte mimashoo.)
9. S *Ht;O>j;-1....-~-it 9 J: 5 I.:: t,t I) * Ltco (Nihon-go ga sukoshi hanaseru yoo ni narimashita.)
10. 4' S IJ' ~ v\mfiM* -? -el,\* T;O>, *~ v\mliOOI, \-eI,\*To (Kyoo chiisai mise wa shimatte

imasu ga ooki mise wa rute imasu.)

Chapter 9

<1. 1. :X~;o>~;o>-?tc G, tfj;o>lttc lb I) *-itlvo (Tenki ga warukattara, dekaketaku arimasen.)
<2. f±~;O>AA1\itc-? tc Go !f! ""("~ * T o (Shigoto ga kantan dattara, hayaku dekimasu')

3. *;0>!It;O >C~ t,t;O>-? tc G, ~if~""("~5~ L *To (uchi ga shizuka ja nakattara, toshokan de

benkyoo shimasu.)

4. m~tc -? kG, mll1Gl.::ff-? tC:IJ;O> I, \1, \""("T J: o (Byooki dattara, byooin ni itta hoo ga ii desu yo.)

2. 1. -~I.::t,t-?tc G (ichi-ji ni nattara)

2. ~ffl.::ff-? tc G, (ginkoo ni ittara)
3. _~ 1....-t,t;O>-? tc G (renshuu shinakattara)
4. ~Jt;o>*tc G (tomodachi ga kitara)
5. ~ -? -el, \tc G (shitte itara)
6. ~ f*l:f.;O>~a* -? tc G (natsu yasumi ga hajimattara)

3. 1. IY'I S ffi;O>~nlt, T,:::,.A Ii 1..- * -it Ivo (Ashita ame ga fureba, tenisu wa shimasen.)
2. S *----ffltlt, S *Ht;O>J:.:fI.:: t,t 9""(" L J: 50 (Nihon e ikeba, nihon-go ga jOO2:U ni naru deshoo.)
3. li~~TI,\fftt,t G (It) Ji:1, \kl, \0 (Haki-yasui kutsu nara(ba), kai-taU

<4. ::. n;O>~1, \t,t G (It), 1tA:.t,t -e t I, \I, \0 (Kore ga kirai nara(ba), tabenakutemo ii.)

5. ~5~ 1....-t,tltnlt, ~!#i:;o>""("~ *1tlvo (Benkyoo shinakereba, shiken ga dekimasen.)
6. ~i!!ltnlt, !1:7 ~-"C'~ I) *To (Yoru osokereba, takushii de kaerimasu.)

4. 1. iI;O >t,t I, \.!:: tJ*~Ji:;t *-itIvo (Kakanai to kanji wo oboemasen.)
2. +~~'€tc.!:: J5liM* -?-ev\*To (Juu-ji sugi da to mise wa shimatte imasu.)

<3. F;O>tJ- ~ I, \ .!:: J: IJij ::. ;t * -itIvo (Koe ga chiisai to yoku kikoemasen.

ANSWERS TO EXERCISES 221

<4. liOiMJ.a-iplt Q ~ J: ;t;;t * To (Megane wo kakeru to yoku mimemasu.)

6. 1. jijl ~ t~ ~, jijl ~ nit, jijl ~ Q ~ (okitara, okireba, okiru to)
2. t.l -::de ~, t.lnlt, t.l Q ~ (nattara, nareba, naru to)

3. -tt* il'-::> t~ ~, -tt* Itnlt, -tt* v' ~ (semakattara, semakereba, semai to)

4. ~:b-::>te~, ~:bnlt, ~:bQ ~ (owattara, owareba, owaru to)
5. t.lil ' -::>te~, t.lltnlt, t.lv'~ (nakattara, nakereba, naito)
6. ~nv't~-::>te~, ~nv't.l~ (It), ~nv't;::~ (kireidattara,kireinara(ba),kireidato)

6. 1. ~::z -I:: - a-~tr ~ Da;n* -ttIvo (Yoru koohii wo nomu to nemuremasen,)

<2. ~il~t~ ~ Iv~nlt, ;7. ::\'--I;:rrlt* To (Yuki ga takusan fureba, sukii ni ikemasu.)
<3. 4" 13 tifH ~lvl;:~-?t~~, ':'(J):<$:a-iVJlf-c t;::~ 1,,'0 (Kyoo Yoshida·san ni attara, kono hon wo

agete kudasai.)

4. T L-a-rF-::> te ~*I;:~-::> -crr-::> -C iVJlf* To (Sushi wo tsukuttara, uchi ni motte itte agemasu.)

5. ~1:. c:. ~ t.l v' ~ 'ti:v 'lJ]f,fli.;;t * 1tIvo (Gakusei ja nai to yasui kippu wa kaemasen.)

Chapter 10
1. 1. t;::n (dare), ~' ,:, (doko)

2. ~' ? (doo)

<3. v' ~ (ikura)

4. 1,,'0 (itsu)

5. {PJ (nan)

2. 1. It '0il' (itsu ka)

2. {PIt (nani mo)

3. ~' n t (dore mo)
4. ~. ':'1;: t (doko ni mo)

5. It '0 t (itsu mo)

6. ~' ,:, il'IUil'.r--.. (doko ka nilka e) c' ':'1;: bI.r--.. t (doko ni mole mo)

7. t;::nil' (dare ka)

3.· 1. ~',:, -z'1ltA:.-C t (doko de tabete mo)

< <2. v' ~ 'It L- -C t (ikura isogashikute mo)
<3. It' ~ ~;;t -C t (ikura kangaete mo)

t4. t;::nil~~-::> -C (dare ga yatte mo)

4. 1. v'013:<$:.r--..rr~* L-teil'o (ltsunihoneikimashitaka.)

2. t;::n(J)il'ltlv-z'Til'o (Dare no kaban desu ka.)

3. !1J fH ~ Ivlj:~' ':'1;: It '* Til>o (Yamada-san wa doko ni imasu ka.)

4. {PJa-~Iv-z'It'Q Iv-r!Til'o (Nani wo yonde iru n desu ka.)

5. ~' ? L- -C 13:<$:m-a-1!11-::>-Cv'*Til'o (Dooshite nihon-go wo naratte imasu ka.)

< < -r:6. .:. (J) 0liv' ~ L- teil'o (Kono kutsu wa ikura deshita ka.)

r7. iJ{;7. /.r--..{PI-z'rr~ * L-t~il'o (Bosuton e nan de ikimashita ka.)

222 ANSWERS TO EXERCISES

6. 1. ~ 0) 5 c',:, t,P-":fr ~"* L- t;:t.p o (Kinoo doko ka e ikimashita ka.)
v'v';t, c'':' -" b:fr ~ "* -ItIv -c' lA:o (lie, doko e mo ikimasen deshita.)

2. '9> 5 ---<1'1fiiJ b jt---<"* -It Iv -c' L- tco (Yuube wa nani mo tabemasen deshita.)
3. c',:, -":fr-0 -C.b "POOO) V.A I-- 7 ~iJ~i!tJ ~ "* To (Doko e itte mo Chuugoku no resutoran ga

arimasu.)

4. 77 ~ .A~c F-1Y~c .c·t;, ~ (O)jj) iJ~. L-v'-c'TiPo (Furansu-go to doitsu-go to dochira (no
hoo) ga muzukashii desu ka.), C't;, ~ bJil L-v '-c'To (Dochira mo muzukashii desu.)

5. fiiJiJ>tlXl7-"*To (Nani ka nomimasu.)
6. ::&itl;: v'--:J 7 ;J. ~ ;b I;: ~ ~ iJ>OO ~"* L- tco (Tomodachi ni itsu Amerika ni kaeru ka kikimashita.)

7. c" 5 L- -Ci£nJ ~ lviJ"/"~-T -11;:*ftiJ>-0 tciJ>t;:::tL b~ ~ "*-It Ivo (Dooshite Satoo-san ga paatii

(party) ni konakatta ka dare mo shirimasen)

< <8. v' ~ i\1o'j -C b ~ v'"* To (lkura takakute mo kaimasu.)

Chapter 11

L 1. :t:~fLiJ" /O)j!tcl!9cii!!i (kyonen watashi galno mita eiga)

< <2. fLiJ" /O) J: :fr 0~ (watashi ga/no yoku iku kooen)

3. fLO)tJLO) 1: I;: i!tJ -0 tdfilifJ (watashi no tsukue no ue ni atta shinbun)

4. fLO)::&itiJ~~:Jftil-c'ftr ~ tc* (watashi no tomodachi ga toshokan de karita hon)

5. S *~~~;t -C v' ~;t;~ (nihon-go wo oshiete iru sensei)

2. 1. A (hito), ~ .O)?¥:~\~-0tc (kinoogakkoodeatta)

2. ~~t (tokei), :X: I;: b ~ -0 k (chichi ni moratta)
3. b 0) (mono), ~ - ~ lviJ; S *-c'~ -0 tc (Rii-san ga nihon de katta)
4. • (koto) , ;t;~0) iii -0 tc (sensei no itta)

5. F (koe) , T~O)~~T (kodomo no hanasu)

<6. i5*ii (jisho), £iJ" tLtc (ani ga kureta)

c3. 1. J!'f S"* ~ ~ lviJ;/O):fr-0 tc T'/{- Hi -C b*~ v'-c'To (Kinoo Mari-san galno itta depaato wa totemo

ookii desu.)

2. JIO~:-c' I.B.M.I;: --:J C ~-Cv ,~~* ~ Ivl;:~v '"* L-tco (Tokyoo de I.BM. ni tsutomete iru

Suzuki-san ni aimashita.)
3. ;t;~UJEE ~lviJ~/O)iiv'tdob L-.-5v'*:a:-~l7-"* L-tco (Senshuu Yamada-san galno kaita

omoshiroi hon wo yomimashita.)

4. ~-Jv~ lviJ" /O)f'F~ 7-=\'-I'1v'--:> biOv' L-v '-c'To (pooru-san ga/no tsukuru keeki wa itsumo oishii

desu.)

5. If''P ~ lviJ; /O);t;Jl ~ -0 tc 7 /{- I--:a:- j!1;::fr~"* L- tc o (Nonaka-san ga/no sengetsu katta apaato wo mi

ni ikimashita.)

6. !liO)iJ>~~I& ~ 1;::fr-0 tc:r. ~ '/ -7 ~ 1v~:f;'f-0 -Cv '"* To (Kuruma no kagi wo tori ni itta Erikku-san wo

matte imasu.)

<4. 1. ~ 0) 5 ~ -0 tc*:a:- j!-It-C t;::: ~ v'0 (Kinoo katta hon wo misete kudasai.)

2. .:.tLl'1i!tJ fttciJ"/O)j!kiJ>-0k 1::"T';;t-c'TiJ>o (Kore wa anata ga/no mitakatta bideo desu ka.)

<3. £iJ;'/O) tLtc::z ~ 1:::' :;I.-?t-~-It-0-Cv'"*To (Ani ga/no kureta konpyuutaa wo tsukatte imasu .)

4. 'lirEE ~ IvI'1iO:X: ~ lviJ;.t±:&:t;:::-0 td',;t±l;:iIJ~-Cv '"* To (Tomita-san wa otoo-san ga shachoo ,datta

ANSWERS TO EXERCISES 223

kaisha ni tsutomete imasu.)
5. zJ>i":to ~ lvlJ:~ ~ lv:o~/O)~iliiT 61f!-e*.A I- /I;::ff~ ~To (Kazuo-san wa imooto-san ga/no unten-

suru kuruma de Bosuton ni ikimasu.)
6. fJ.IJ:-m::o~/O){'P 67 V :1'Jv/~-1 :o~-*,:tolt \ \..., It \ C,\!!,It \ ~ To (Watashi wa haha galno tsukuru appuru-

pai ga ichiban oishii to omoimasu.)
7. ::'O)=F~~f.l.I;::~-?t,:,A~~-?-Cv\~T:O'o (Kono tegami wo watashi ni okutta hito wo shitte imasu

k a .)

Chapter 12
1. 1. 0) (no)

c2. ::. (koto)

3. 0) (no)

c4. ::. (koto)
c5. ::. (koto)

6. 0) (no)

c2. 1. AO)M-e=tX~*:> ::. :o~-e~ ~T:O'o (Rito no mae de uta wo utau koto ga dekimasu ka.)
c c2. 9 .FlI;::i*~ ~ 6 ::. I;:: \..., ~ \..., t.:.o (Ku-gatsu ni yasumi wo toru koto ni shimashita.)

3. '7'" 1-1J:1t\"':) b:t3-ffl: ~ Jv:O~ltlv::.'"IJ:Jv~W6 0) ~=F-1AIt\~ To (Keito wa itsumo okaa-san ga ban-gohan

wo tsukuru no wo tetsudaimasu.)
4. *~ v\~ "b1J:{±UO)I;::{lflJ-eTo (Ookii machi wa sumu no ni benri desu.)

5. f.l.lJ:*~It\/~-T.{ -I;::ff< 0)1J:<b~ I?!if~ t:.~<b I? ~1tlvo (Watashi wa ookii paatii ni iku no wa

amari suki ja arimasen.)

c6. f.l.IJ:*iIl!1:O'GJ10ii:mff-etb< ::. I;:: it I? ~ \...,t.:.o (Watashi wa raishuu kara Tookyoo Ginkoo de

hataraku koto ni narimashita.)

7. *.A I- /O)j:t!fFt'H;::*-6O)I;::IJ: 1--:7 /:O~v\ I? ~To (Bosuton no chikatetsu ni noru no ni wa tookun

ga irimasu.)

Chapter 13
1. 1."':) b I? (tsumori)

2. 1J:i" (hazu)

3. "':) b I? (tsumori)
4. "':) b I? (tsumori)

5. 1J:i" (hazu)

2. 1.:lffl6 J:.:> -eT(kaeru yoo desu), ~6~t.:.v\-eT (kaeru mitai desu)

2. *~ v\J:. 5 -eT (ookii yoo desu), *~ v\~t.:.v\-eT (ookii mitai desu)
3. ~!T J:. 5 -eT (hanasu yoo desu), ~!T~t.:.v\-eT (hanasu mitai desu)
4. JEitUt J:. 5 -eT (syoojiki na yoo desu), JEiOC~t.:. v\-eT (shoojiki mitai desu)
5. 7:1- !.I jJ AO)J:. 5 -eT (amerika-jin no yoo desu), 7:1-!.I jJ A~t.:.v\-eT (america-jin mitai desu)
6. 3i:1t\J:. 5 -eT (yasui yoo desu), 3i:v\~t.:.It\-eT (yasui mitai desu)
7. ~*O)J:. 5 -eT (isha no yoo desu), ~*~t.:.v\-eT (isha mitai desu)
8. !if~ it J:. 5 -eT (suki na yoo desu) , ~T~ ~t.:.v\-eT(suki mitai desu)

224 ANSWERS TO EXERCISES

8. 1. S ;;f;.:AO) J:. ? I;: (nihon-jin no yoo ni)
2. 110) J:.? (baru no yoo)
3. 11 ~ L-1t \ S (baru rahsii hi)
4. ~tzf1" Q ~ L-1t \ (kekkon-suru rashii)
5. AA;6~nti1t \ J:.? (atama ga itai yoo)

4. 1. * Q-t ? 1:."1" (kuru soo desu)
2. III ~ -t ? 1:."1" (naki soo desu)
3. jij;6>-::>t.:.-t? 1:."1""(takakatta soo desu)
4. • L--t ? 1:."1" (muzukashi soo desu)
5. fit;6>t:: -t ? 1:."1" (shizuka da soo desu)
6. ~fIJ-t? 1:."1" (henri soo desu)

6. 1. C!? L- -C1" L-i-1lt~t,i:1t\Iv1:."1";6>o (Dooshite sushi wo tabenai n' desu ka.)

cfA;6~ Yf ~ ~ t,i: 1t \ Iv 1:."1"0 (Sakana ga suki ja nai n' desu.)

2. ~ /-t)-- r 0)-IW:f,fi- =~~"? -C1t\Q 1v1:."1";6~, - ~I;::ff~ *1t1v;6>0 (Konsaato no kippu wo ni-mai

motte iru n' desu ga, issho ni ikimasen ka.)

3. :. O)~nlHj:ii!iii»"? t.:./V1:."T;6~, C -C bYf~ t::"? t.:.;6> ~ .1t\* L-t.:.o (Kono yoofuku wa takakatta n' desu

ga, suki datta kara kaimashita.)

c·4. :'1;:1t\t.:.Iv1:."1";6>o ~ L- -C1t\t.:.Iv1:."1" J:. o (Doko ni ita n' desu ka. Sagashite ita n' desu yo.)

6. 5, 4, 1, 6, 3, 2

7. 1. mli+JL:tt::;6>~ ~ .li~~1:."~t,i:1t\li-r1:."1"o (Kiyoshiwajuugo-saidakara,kurumawaunten
dekinai hazu desu.)

2. :. 0) 1::' .::::. - /vli& 0) J:. ? 1:."1"0 (Kono biniiru wa kawa no you desu.)
3. :. O)~Eli:to1t\ L--t ? 1:."1"0 1(1t\* L- J: ? 0 (Kono momo wa oishi 800 desu. Kaimashoo.)

4. ~ - r- ~ /O)YT?'li~7~:/~ ~ L-1t\{f~1:."1"Po (Beetoobennosonatawakurashikkurashii
ongaku desu ne.)

5. f.l.li~mi-~%i1" Q"':)b t) 1:."7 j. !I .:M;:** L-t.:.o (Watashi wa eigo wo benkyoo-suru tsumori de
Amerika ni kimashita.)

6. *~Bli=f~1:."1";6i, *AO)J:. 51;:~L- *1"0 (Taroo wa kodomo desu ga, otona no yoo ni hanashimasu.)
7. X:li4- S Jl.tJR;6>~*Q li1"1:."1"o (Chichi wa kyoo Tookyoo kara kuru hazu desu.)

8. ¥.rm ~ /vIi b ? 1" <-*Ilh{I;:~Q -t 5 1:."1"0 (Takeda-san wa moo sugu Oosaka ni kaeru soo desu.)

Chapter 14
1. 1. ~ L-;b;6' t) * 1" (meshiagarimasu)

*2. :: ~ Iv I;: t,i: Q (goran ni naru)

3. t,i: ~ 1t \ 1" (nasaimasu)
4. "\ ~"? L- ~ "? t.:. (irasshatta)

< *5. "\ ~ "? L- ~ Q (irassharu)

6. t:: ~ "\ L- t.:. (kudasaimashita)
7. :to"? L- ~ "? t.:. (osshatta)

8. ::1f~1:."1" (gozonji desu)

ANSWERS TO EXERCISES 225

2. 1. It \ t.:. t;:: ~ ;t T (itadakimasu)
2. -"t? -e:.'~·It\;tT (soo de gozaimasu)
3. ~~ L. ;t -ItIv -e lJ;: (haiken shimasen deshita)
4. ~ L. <!tJ Ij;t T (sashiagemasu)
5. f'f t. -Uo ~ ;t T (zonjite orimasu)

3. 1. JO~.7}.I;:ft~;tT (o-yomininarimasu)
2. to~i? L.;t T (o-mochi shimasu)
3. JOMIt\I;:ft~ (o-kaininaru)
4. toll8~ I;:ft ~;tT (o-kiki ni narimasu)
5. to* ~ L. t.:. (o-okurishita)

4. 1. 1tIv-e It \ ~ -? L.~ It\;t T (sunde irasshaimasu)/JO{±.7}.IUt -? -Cit \;t T (o-sumi ni natte imasu)
2. :.'foIiitl!. (go-ryooshin), toms L. L.;t L. t.:. (o-hanashi shimashita)

3. .toti/i~ I;:ft--:>f.:. (o-kaki ni natta), ~~ L.;t L.t.:. (haiken shimashita)

4. :.'1*rr (go-ryokoo), .to~tLl;:ft ~;t L.t.:. (o-tsukare ni narimashita)
5. to·tt L.1t \ (o-isogashii), .tomt ~ I;: ft ~ ;t -ItIv (o-kaeri ni narimasen)

6. 1. It \ ~ -? L. ~ ~ (irassharu)
2. :.' ~ Iv I;: ft -? t.:. (goran ni natta)
3. ft ~ 1t\;tT (nasaimasu)
4. ~ ~ Iv (oku-san)
5. .to~ ~ L.It \ (o-yasashii)
6. :.'foIiitl!. (go-ryoushin)
7. :.'f'f~ -e L. t.:. (go-zonji deshita)

<8. J( -? -C t-!. ~ ~ (katte kudasaru)

9. :.' ~ -? Itt;:: (go-rippa da)
10. 13 L.J:il; ~ (meshiagaru)/.toM-:.77-I;:ft ~ (o-nomi ni naru)

6. 1. ~ ~ Ivli4'to.~I!ii-ft ~ -? -C1t\;tTo (Okusan wa ima o-denwa wo nasatte imasu.)
2. 1G1:.O)to-1- ~ Ivli=¥ ~ -il;toJ:=f.-eTtl.o (Sensei no okosan wa gitaa ga ojoozu desu ne.)
3. IN!} ~ Iv 0) :.':E)d;:.to~1t \ V* L. t.:.o (Ono-san no go-shujin ni o-ai shimashita.)
4. T-7-1G1:.I;:~~0) v~- "i-~ -Clt\t.:.t-!.~ ;tTo (Teeraa sensei ni eigo no repooto wo mite

itadakimasu.)

5. 11611 ~ 1v00to~It\~O)to¥JH:'~~ L.t.:.It\-eTtl.o (Fukushima-san no o-wakai toki no o-shashin wo

haiken shitai desu ne.)

<6. £lf~ 1v00toX ~ Ivil' 13 *O)ttB~i- t-!.~ ~ C to-? L.~It\;t L.t.:.o (Hoshino-san no otoo-san ga chizu

wo kudasaru to osshaimashita.)

7. fJ..li 3 if.MI;:?2:=FO)1G1:.I;:to~1t \ L.;t L. t.:.o (Watashi wa san-nen mae ni karate no sensei ni o-ai

shimashita.)
1G1:.Ii 1m +1L::t-e1t \ ~ -? L.~It\;tTil;, to~lt\ C ~ 1;:?2:=f.i-to~i;ilbl;:ft ~;t L.t.:.o (Sensei wa
yonjuu-go-sai de irasshaimasu ga, o-wakai toki ni karate wo o-hajime ni narimashita.)
~ ~ Iv C -=:.)..O).to-1- ~ Iv C -~I;:~ 1J~I;:{±Iv-eIt\ ~ -? L.~ It\;t To (Oku-san to san-nin no o-ko-san to

226 ANSWERS TO EXERCISES

issho ni Nagoya ni sunde irasshaimasu.)

<::.'jiIij~ t:JOJlI I;: {± Iv \.'"It \ G L- ~ It \;t To (Go-ryooshin mo o-chikaku ni sunde irasshaimasu.)

5'c/£lire, 13 iji)j}jIM~:a:i3 L-1:~~ I? ;tTo (Sensei wa mainichi asa kudamono wo meshiagarimasu.)
lm ~rd'l~-=¥:a::JO~.:t I;:tt -?"C :JO~O)~'=' +5t:JOf*l7-I;:tt I? ;t To (Yo-jikan karate wo o-oshie ni natte,

o-hiru no ato sanju-pun o-yasumi ni narimasu.)
fMi~k :;AO)~~:a::to-=¥~It\ L-;tTo (Watashi wa tokidokijimu no sooji wo o-tetsudai-shimasu.)

;tG1:.O):tom5lilt\""':> t:to t L- ~ It \o)-c.', ? ~>~~ ? O)~~M~ -c.'To (Sensei no o-hanashi wa itsumo omoshiroi

node, ukagau no ga suki desu.)

c;tG1:.li4-~-=¥O)*:a:.1t \-Clt\ G-? L-~ Q ? ~>~~It\;t L-t;:o (Sensei wa ima karate no hon wo kaite

irassharu to ukagaimashita.)
.:tn:a:f-f~ L-t;:It\\.'"To (Sore wo haiken shitai desu.)

Chapter 15
1. 1. 7 '7 A j) 0) 1.i ~~ ;I- -1 / J: I? :*: ~ It \-c.'T0 (Arasuka no hoo ga Mein yori ookii desu.)

m2. 7;1- Y j) O)1.i~~ 'tJOO J: I? L-1t\-c.'To (Amerika no hoo ga Chuugoku yori atarashii desu.)

3. 7 /~- l-li-OOflJtt1.i~~*~ It \0) J: I? 1t\1t\\.'"To (Apaato wa benri na hoo ga ookii no yori ii desu .)

4. 9 -1 / Iiillt \1.i~~m L-It\o) J: I? :JOlt \ L-1t\\.'"To (Wain wa furui hoo ga atarashii no yori oishii desu.)

5. ~!lf¥\.'".< 11? ~~OG~~tt\.'".< J:: I? MU\\.'"To (Kanji de kaku hoo ga hiragana de kaku yori

muzukashii desu.)

2. 1. -:j:*It\ffIl~ (ichiban samui heya)

2. -lUi It \J.... (ichiban wakai hito)

3. - :j:~ nlt\tt~1II (ichiban kirei na kooen)

<4, -:j:(J: )~%iT Q (ichiban <yoku> benkyou suru)

5. -:j:JlIIt \ (ichiban chikai)

<6. -:j::to.:t m5T (ichiban osoku hanasu)

7. -:j:Jh\t;:lt\ (ichiban kai-tai)

3. 1. 4--:j:~' :'I;:rr~ t;: It \\.'"TtJ>o (Ima ichiban doko ni iki-tai desu ka.)

~~ > ttml;:-:j:rr~ t;:It\\.'"To (Shizuka na tokoro ni ichiban iki-tai desu.)

2. ~iiO)'tJ-c.'~~;-:j:1U~iWi lt \-c.'TtJ>0 (Tomodachi no naka de dare ga ichiban se ga takai desu ka.)

'tJlt ~ 1v~;-:j:~~;i!1Iilt \\.'"To (Nakano-san ga ichiban se ga takai desu.)

c't?3. ~c$c GtJ;;*It\\.'"TtJ'o (Kin to gin to dochira ga yasui desu ka.)

$0)1.i~;(~J: I? )*It\\.'"To (Gin no hoo ga <kin yori> yasui desu.)

4. *~O) 'tJ -c.'~tJ;-:j:7" ':::'.A ~;1:-=¥-c.'TtJ >0 (Kazoku no naka de dare ga ichiban tenisu ga joozu desu ka.)

5t~;-:j: 1:-=¥-c.'To (Ani ga ichiban joozu desu.)

5. fiiT:a:T Q O)tJ;-:j:M~ \.'"TtJ'o (Nani wo suru no ga ichiban suki desu ka.)

<1if~:a:~ O)~~-:j:M~ \.'"To (Ongaku wo kiku no ga ichiban suki desu.)

c c c t? <6. 5 III ~ Iv fJi III ~ Iv
G~; J: 7" .:::. A :a: L- ;t T tJ >0 (Yoshida-san to Iida-san to dochira ga yoku

tenisu wo shimasu ka.)

<5 III ~ Iv 0) jjtJ~ (fJi III ~ Iv J:: I?) J: 7"':::' A :a: L- ;t To (Yoshida-san no hoo ga <!ida-san yori> yoku

tenisu wo shimasu.)

c c' t?7. *:a:~tJO) T v ~":a: ~~O) C, GtJ":JOt L-~It \-c.'TtJ'o (Hon woyomu no to terebi wo miru no to,

dochira ga omoshiroi desu ka.)

ANSWERS TO EXERCISES 227

*:a-~trjJtJ;(T v t::':a- Jl.-5 J: Ij), :to b J.., ~ v'-z'To (Hon wo yomu hoo ga <terebi wo miru yori>

omoshiroi desu.)
8 . ~, mtl;:-:j:~v't.:.v'-z'TtJ'o (Ima,dareniichibanai-taidesuka.)

iii&<7)~iMl;:-:j:~v't.:.v'-z'To (Kookoo no tomodachi ni ichiban ai-tai desu.)
9. c:'<7)m:fj~tJ~-ilf!f-v '-z'TtJ'o (Dono hikooki ga ichiban hayai desu ka.)

::z :,--::Z /v f-:tJ; - :j:!f-v '-z'To (Konkorudo ga ichiban hayai desu.)

10. :: <7)PIJ-z'~tJ;-:j::to~~·~ -z'TtJ'o (Kono machi de dare ga ichiban o-kanemochi desu ka.)
A ~ A ~ IvtJ; -ilf:to~~~ ~To (Sumisu-san ga ichiban o-kanemochi desu.)

4. 1. flttJ'f~v'-z' (okanai de)

2. ~* f~v '-z' (yomanai de)
3. ~:bf~v '-z' (tsukawanai de)

4. ~~f~v'-z' (okinaide)
5. ~~f~v'-z' (hanasanaide)
6. ml;!f~v'-z' (tobanai de)
7. }Lt.:.f~v'-z' (tatanai de)
8. ~*..t~v'~ (oshienai de)

9. ~ G f~ v' -z' (kaeranai de)
10. ill< tJ; ft v'-z' (oyoganai de)

6. 1. ti>'tJ,ftv'-z' (arukanai de)

2. T /{- H;::fjtJ,ftv '-z' (depaato ni ikanai de)
3. 9H!:a-~ ~ ft v' -z' (eigo wo hanasanai de)

4. ~:a-J(:bftv'-z' (niku wo kawanai de)

5. ~.:a- ~:bftv '-z' (jisho wo tukawanai de)

6. 1. iiiT€-C (taka-sugi te)

2. • ~ ~:b-? t.:. G (kaki-owattara)
3. ~v '~:b-? t.:. G (tsukai-owattara)

4. Wi v'MsII:> J: ? C: (narai-hajimeyoo to)
5. ~II.J J...,T€-C (undoo-shi-sugite)

*6. fti*T€-C (rippa-sugite)

7. ti>' ~ MsII:> T (aruki-hajimemasu)

7. 1. g.<7)1t-*.jJ (kotoba no oboe-kata)
2. :to v' J.., v'T J.., <7) f'F Ij jJ (oishii sushi no tsukuri-kata)

3. t:l *m--z'<7)"F~<7).~ jJ. (nihon-go de no tegami no kaki-kata)
4. ;j{A I- :,--tJ'G<7)*jJ (Bosuton kara no ki-kata)

*8. 1. J.;..--:> ::1;:+:5Jr.¥--:> J: ? I;:gv '* J.., t.:.o (Mitsuko ni jup-pun matsu yoo ni iimashita.)
2. x: 1"i*~I"i*$t~ C: '\!!' -? -C v' To (Chichi wa kazoku wa daiji da to omotte imasu.)
<3. I/i!l III ~ IvI"iiP.l"i J: ftv' C:{~ C-Cv'*To (Okada-san wa satoo wa yoku nai to shinjite imasu.)

<n-54. f.M"itX~~ ~ Iv I;: t:l *m--z'"F~:a-.v '-C J: ? l;:tlJ.;.. * J.., t.:.o (Watashi wa Jiroo-san ni nihon-go de

tegami wo kaite kureru yoo ni tanomimashita.)

228 ANSWERS TO EXERCISES

5. ~ j] :=fOYT/'~- H:HlllfHll;:fJfjv'-Cv'9 C .\!!, v\"~Ttpo (Shikago no depaato wa nichi-yoobi ni aite iru

to omoimasu ka.)

c6. ~~ 1v0)~~ Iv l"i 7 :I- !J j]-e1:~tLt;: § -? -Cv'~ LJ;:o (Tani-san no okusan waAmerika de umareta

to itte imashita.)

9. 1. *li~T 9 tJ , t L.tL:t -ttIv (kekkon suru kam~ shiremasen)
2. t~tJ,tJ, L.tL:t -ttIv (shizuka kamo shiremasen)
3. -e~ t.t.tJ'-?t;:tJ,t L.tL:t-tt1v (dekinakatta kamo shiremasen)
4. :t3v' L.v'tJ,t L.tL:t-tt1v (oishii kamo shiremasen)

10. 1. 1!9c00i:a- jtt;: ~ ~iil;:~ -? t;: ~ L.:t To (Eiga wo mitari tomodachi ni attari shimasu.)
2. :;/A -ei7l<v't;:: ~ 0111:a-:!p:v't;: ~ L.:t L.t;:o (Jimu(gym) de oyoidari kooen wo aruitari shimasu.)
3. ~i!Ug-e*:a-{f ~ t;: ~ :&M:a- L.t;: ~ L.:t To (Toshokan de hon wo karitari shukudai wo shitari

shimasu.)

4. :7C%.I"i J:. tJ'-? t;: IJ "!f!J,tJ'-? t;: ~ L.:t T o (Tenki wa yokattari warukattari shimasu.)
5. im~I"i~tJ't;::-?t;: IJ ? 9 ·~tJ'-?t;: ~ L. :tTo (Heya wa shizuka dattari urusakattari shimasu.)

11. 1. ~~-em5 L. -C t v'v '-eTo (Eigo de hanashite mo ii desu.)
2. ~1!f:a-~ -? -C t v'v '-eTo (Jisho wo tsukatte mo ii desu.)
3. :t3tJ, L.:a-llt.r-::-ct v' v'-eTo (Okashi wo tabete mo ii desu.)
4. -,,/ -eiIFv'-C t v'v'-eTo (pen de kaite mo iidesu.)
5. :r.. 7::I /:a---::> It-C t v'v'-eTo (Eakon wo tsukete mo ii desu.)

12. 1. tt*:a-.lfl.< L.t.t. < -C t v'v'-eTo (Shigoto wo hayaku shinakute mo ii desu.)
2. IJI'l t:l ::. ::'1;:~IU.t. < -C tv' v' -eTo (Ashita koko ni konakute mo ii desu.)

<3. ~tJ~ t.t. -C tv' v' -eT0 (Isoganakute mo ii desu.)
<4. .lfl. !8l ~ t.t. < -C tv' v' -eTo (Hayaku okinakute mo ii desu.)
<5. ~v'~ I;:rrtJ't.t. -C t v'v'-eTo (Kaimono ni ikanakute mo ii desu.)
<6. 1!!e ::'1"i1v:a-f'FG t.t. -C t v'v'-eTo (Ban-gohan wo tsukuranakute mo ii desu.)

18. 1. ? -f::a-g -? -C l"iv' It:t-ttIvo (Uso wo itte wa ikemasen.)
2. - t:l 9J T v ~":a- jt-C l"i v' It:t -ttIvo (Ichinichi-juu terebi wo mite wa ikemasen.)

3. ~:a-1!X7f.l&J~-CI"iv'lt:t-ttlvo (Sake wo nomi-sugite wa ikelll:asen.)

c4. ::.::. -e~J{:a- -? -C l"i v' It:t -ttIvo (Koko de shashin wo totte wa ikemasen.)

5. ¥J*:a-StL-C1"iv'lt:t-ttlvo (Yakusoku wo wasurete wa ikemasen.)
6. ~ilFMi'-em5 L. -C l"i v' It:t -ttIvo (Toshokan de hanashite wa ikemasen.)

<14. 1. til t.t. -C l"if til t.t. It tL l"iv 'It:t -ttIvo (denakute waf denakereba ikemasen.)
<2. ~tJ,t.t. -Cl"if ~tJ't.t.lttLl"ilt'lt*-ttlvo (tsukanakute waf tsukanakereba ikemasen.)
<3. f!ft;:t.t. -Cl"if f!ft;:t.t.lttLl"ilt'lt:t-ttlvo (matanakute wa fmatanakereba ikemasen.)

4. ~5 ~ t.t. < -Cl"if m5 ~ t.t. It tL l"ilt 'It:t-tt Ivo (hanasanakute wa f hanasanakereba ikemasen.)
5. ~ ;:{.t.t. < -C l"if ~;t t.t. lttLl"ilt' It * -ttIvo (kangaenakute wa Ikangaenakereba ikemasen.)

6. jt--::>It t.t. <-C l"if jt--::>It t.t. It tL l"iv , It:t -ttIvo (mitsukenakute wa fmitsukenakereba ikemasen.)

ANSWERS TO EXERCISES 229

< <'"(16. 1.!f!- ~ E:. t.t. l'il ~ E:. t.t. ~t tlA'i1t \ ~t j; -ItIv tJ>o (Hayaku kaeranakute wa 1kaeranakereba

ikemasen ka.)

< <'"(It \ It \ ;t , !f!- ~ E:. t.t. t It \ It \""('T0 (lie, hayaku kaeranakute mo ii desu.)
<2. E *m-""(''¥~:a:-.tJ>t.t. '"(I'i/ tftJ>t.t.~tnl'iIt\~tj;-ItlvtJ>o (Nihon-go de tegami wo kakanakute

wal kakanakereba ikemasen ka.)

<'"(1t\1t \;t, 1itJ>t.t. t It \It \""('To (lie, kakanakute mo ii desu.)
<3. tJ>~ :a:-~-::>'"(rrtJ>t.t. '"(I'il rrtJ>t.t.ltnl'iIt\ltj;-ItlvtJ>o (Kasa wo motte ikanakute waf ikanakereba

ikemasen ka.)

<'"(It \It \;t, ~-::> '"(rrtJ>t.t. t It \It \""('To (lie, motte ikanakute mo ii desu.)
<'"(4. - E ~ ;:~n;: It \t.t. I'i/ ~ \t.t. ~ttlA'i1t \Itj; -It IvtJ>o (lchinichi-juu uchi ni inakute waf inakereba

ikemasen ka.)

1t\1t\;t, It\t.t.< '"(t It \1t\""('To (lie,inakutemoiidesu.)

<5. 4-l!§e.l±ltJ>~tt.t. '"(I'il I±ltJ'~tt.t.~ttlA'iIt\ltj;-ItlvtJ >o (Kon-ban dekakenakute waf dekakenakereba
<'"(ikemasen ka.) It \ It \;t, I±l tJ>lt t.t. t It \ It \""('To (lie, dekakenakute mo ii desu.)

<'"(6. 4-:. 0) v~- I- :a:-~j; t.t. I'i/ ~j; t.t.~tnl'ilt \~tj; -It Iv tJ >0 (lma kono repooto wo yomanakute wal

yomanakereba ikemasen ka.)

<'"(1t\1t\;t, ~j;t.t. t It \It \""('To (lie, yomanakute mo ii desu.)

16. 1. 7~ I::: I:::"-/v:a:-W-:lvt;::-:. ~ j);<VJ IJ j;To (Asahi biiru wo nonda koto ga arimasu.)
2. '7 7 :,rm-:a:-~ -::> t:::. ~ j);<VJ IJ j; To (Raten-go(Latin) wo naratta koto ga arimasu.)
3. ~~~MH;:* -::> t:: :. ~ j); ih IJ j; To (Shinkansen ni notta koto ga arimasu.)
4. ~""(,~It\t;::-:. ~ j)'<VJ IJ j;To (Umi de oyoida koto ga arimasu.)
5. jf~:a:-jft:::. ~ j)'ih IJ j;To (Kimono wo kita koto ga arimasu.)
6. ::i/v7 :a:-lJ:::. ~ j),<VJ IJ j;To (Gorufu wo shita koto ga arimasu.)

17. 1. )t;1:.I;:'Rr,,~ lJ::»j)'It\It\""('To (Sensei ni shitsumon shita hoo ga ii desu.)

2. fftj»I;:m5 L. t::»j),1t \ It \ ""('To (Shizuka ni hanashita hoo ga ii desu.)
3. -'7 '7 ?- :a:-1*j; t.t.1t \ »j)' It \ It \""('To (Kurasu wo yasumanai hoo ga ii desu.)
4. :. 0)) II ""('~j), t.t.1t \»j), It \ It \""('T0 (Kono kawa de oyoganai hoo ga ii desu.)

5. v~- I- :a:-.~tril6f)t::»j)'It\It \""('To (Repooto wo kaki-hajimeta hoo ga ii desu.)

<6. <VJ j; IJ t:: ~ lv~bt.t.1t \»j);1t \It \""('To (Amari takusan kawanai hoo ga ii desu.)

7. ~lll;::to1i'l:a:-~ L. t::»j»It\1t \ ""('To (Tomodachi ni o-kane wo kaeshita hoo ga ii desu.)

18. 1. ~oom (.r-...7'7-1'mD O)>>j)" .r-...7'7-1'm (~OOmt) J:: IJllH-,It\~,~It\j;To (Chuugoku-go<heburai-

go> no hoo ga, heburaoi-go <chuugoku-go> yori muzukashii to omoimasu.)
2. (IJ Iv ::'-)j)'-=i'tlJ~ ""('To «Ringo ga> ichiban suki desu.)
3. 7==-? (::i/v 7) 0)>>j),::i/v7 (7==-A) J::IJ:to~L.01t\""('To (Tenisu<gorufu>nohoogagorufu

<tenisu> yori omoshiroi desu.)
4. (:$1 I::: 'T)I;:-=i'rr~ t::It\""('To «Tahit>i ni ichiban ikitai desu.)
5. "7 'Y -'7 (1:::0 -( - ~-) O)>>j), 1:::0 -{ - ~- ("7 'Y -'7) J:: IJ ~It \~TIt \""('T0 (Makku<PC> no hoo ga

PC<makku> yori tsukai yasui desu.)
6. (.5L)j)'-=i'lU'iWilt\""('To «Ani> ga ichiban se ga takai desu.)

19. 4, 8, 2, 1, 3, 10, 6, 9, (5), 7

230 ANSWERS TO EXERCISES

20. 1. ~ijli ~.t t~ G c gt>t~1t '-e;tJ"T?'I;:~-:> -C L. * It,* L.tCo (Tomodachi wa sayonara to iwanai de
Kanada ni kaette shimaimashita.)

2. :.O)¥ftli.t ~~:> -eTiI~, f.I.l;:li*~T~*To (Kono kutsu wa yosa soo desu ga, watashi ni wa ooki-
sugimasu.)

a3. If§ ~ Ivli4Ji -.~< ~~±I;:**To (Noro-san wa mainichi ichiban osoku kaisha ni kimasu.)

a, <4 . *-Jj..~~ Iv I;: jj iii -7 '7.A -eJirWI;:,,:>It'-CfiST.t ? I;:g-:>-c t~~ It'o (Emiko-san ni getsuyoo-bi,

kurasu de Kyooto ni tsuite hanasu yoo ni itte kudasai.)
5. 1t1t'bO):a-~~t~It'-e~1IJ L.tc G, ~-tt~iI'b L..n*-ttlvo (Amai mono wo tabenai de undoo-shitara,

yaseru kamo shiremasen.)
6. illTl;:{HJ'O) c fIl'*I;:f±uO) C, c't:, GiI~It'It'-eTiI'o (Machi ni sumu no to inaka ni sumu no

to, dochira ga ii desu ka.)

21. 1. IIfJIt'tc (kiita), fflt ,t~ (kaita)

2. ~*t~It' (nomanai)
3. Jt-tt-Cli (misete wa)

<4. I±It~ -C (denakute)

5. ~ -:> tc (atta)

<6. i5t;t>f~ -C (arawanakute)

7. ~ L. -C (hanashite)
8. :!*-C-C(sutete)

22. 1.;tJ '7 ~?-l{--e~-:> tc:' c liib I? *-ttIvo (Karaoke baa (bar) de utatta koto wa arimasen.)

<2. ~1;:WJf.f:a- ibljt~ -C lilt 'It*-ttIvo (Imooto ni kippu wo agenakute wa ikemsen.)

3. * c' :a-Mbbkj)iI;It'It'-eTo (Mado wo shimeta hoo ga ii desu.)

<4. ~ aliffim:a-~-:> -c*tt -C b It 'It '-eTo (Ashita wa shukudai wo motte konakute mo ii desu.)

5. a*mO)-7 '7 .Ali*~ iI ' -:>tc I? 'J\~iI'-:>tc I? L.*To (Nihon-go no kurasu wa ookikattari

chiisakattari shimasu.)
6. ~ij c ~ L.ttil; Gj3*:a-~lvt~ I? ~::'~:a-~~tc I? L. * L.tco (Tomodachi to hanashi nagara ocha

wo nondari hiru-gohan wo tabetari shimashita.)

-7. ~~< A -el±lil'ltttlt'j)iI~It'It'-eTo (Yoru osoku hitori de dekakenai hoo ga ii desu.)

8. .iI; tt iI'-:> tc GfLO):a-~ -:> -C bit' It' -eTo (Kuruma ga nakattara watashi no wo tsukatte mo ii desu.)

adjectives: Index
i-adjective, 7-12
na-adjective, 7-13 moo, 25-26
non-past, 8-9 mada, 26
i-adjectiveb, 8 amari, 27
na-adjective, 8-9 zenzen, 27-28
negative non-past, 9-10 tokidoki, 28
i-adjective, 9-10 nakanaka, 28-29
na-adjective, 10 ageru:
past, 10-11 verbs (giving and receiving), 105-lO6
i-adjective, 10-11 aida ni:
na-adjective, 11 conjunction, 82-84
negative past, 12-13 aida:
i-adjective, 12 conjunction, 82-84
na-adjective, 12-13 amall:
adjectival usage, 14-15 adverb, 27
i-adjective, 14 aru:
na-adjective, 15-16 existential verb, 101
adverbial usage, 15-16 ato (de):
i-adjective, 15 conjunction, 81-82
na-adjective, 15-16 ba:
te-form, 16-18 conditional clause, 138-140
i-adjective, 17 causative form:
na-adjective, 17-18 make-causative, 115
auxiliary adjectives, 18-22 let-causative, 116
v-stem + tai, 18-19 causative passive form:
vote + hoshii (moraitai), 19-20 verb, 117-118
v-stem + yasui, 20-21 comparison:
v-stem + nikui, 21-22 useful expression, 183-184
conditional clause:
Copula: tara, 135-138
forms, 1 ba, 138-140
affirmative non-past, 1-2 nara(ba), 138-139
negative non-past, 2-3 to, 140
affirmative past, 3 conjunctions:
negative past, 3-4 coordinating conjunction, 77
tentative form, 4-5
te-form, 5 ga, 77
subordinating conjunctions, 78-92
no daln' da:
modality, 168-169 toki, 78-79
mae, 80-81
adverbs: a to, 81-82
aida, 82-84

231