(DK) The Dog Encyclopedia

WORKING DOGS



Karst Estrela

Shepherd Dog Mountain Dog


HEIGHT 21–25in (54–63cm) HEIGHT 24–28in (62–72cm) Wolf-gray or Black brindle
WEIGHT 55–93lb (25–42kg) WEIGHT 77–132lb (35–60kg) Underside and extremities may have
LIFE SPAN 11–12 years LIFE SPAN Over 10 years white markings.

Formerly known as the Illyrian Shepherd Dog, this dog was A livestock guardian from the Estrela Mountains of Portugal, this
separated from another breed of the same name and renamed fearless, rugged dog was bred to protect flocks against predators
the Karst, or Istrian, Shepherd Dog in the 1960s. Used for such as wolves. The Estrela Mountain Dog is a loyal and friendly
herding and guarding in the alpine Karst region of but strong-willed companion that needs consistent and patient
Slovenia, this excellent working dog can make obedience training. There are long-coated and short-coated
a good companion with careful training varieties of the breed.
Black hairs intermingle
and early socialization. with fawn hairs
Hair on neck forms Fawn
ruff and mane
Long head
with broad,
Head as wide Iron-gray rounded skull
as it is long
Dark face mask
Flat, long coat
Long,
bushy tail Lighter
gray
markings Thick ruff
Thick, slightly around
wavy topcoat neck and
Dark streak LONG- chest
on front of COATED
limbs




Portuguese Castro


Watchdog Laboreiro Dog


HEIGHT 25–29in (64–74cm) Wolf-gray Black HEIGHT 21–25in (55–64cm) Wolf-gray
WEIGHT 77–132lb (35–60kg) Coat may be brindled; white coats have WEIGHT 55–88lb (25–40kg)
LIFE SPAN 12 years colored patches. LIFE SPAN 12–13 years May have a small white spot on chest.


Possibly descended from the powerful mastiffs brought into Named after its home village in the mountains of northern
Europe from Asia by nomadic herders, this breed is also known Portugal, this dog, sometimes known as the Portuguese Cattle Dog,
as the Rafeiro de Alentejo, named after the Alentejo region was bred to work as a livestock-guardian. Its distinctive alarm bark
of Portugal. Traditionally used for guarding, the starts low and ends high-pitched. This dog
Triangular, drop ears
Portuguese Watchdog is vigilant and suspicious develops a strong bond with family
of strangers. Formidable in size and strength, members but may be hostile Short, very thick,
coarse-textured coat
though not aggressive, this dog is unsuitable to strangers.
for novice handlers.
Black
lips Tail long-haired
Straight,
Triangular, dense coat Almond- on underside,
drop ears shaped eyes usually carried low
Tail slightly
curved at tip
Broad chest
Mountain
Fawn brindle
with white
markings






49

CATALOG OF BREEDS | WORKING DOGS



Portuguese Sheepdog Catalan Sheepdog


HEIGHT 17–22in (42–55cm) Variety of colors HEIGHT 18–22in (45–55cm) Gray Black and tan
WEIGHT 37–60lb (17–27kg) May have a small amount WEIGHT 44–60lb (20–27kg) Sable
LIFE SPAN 12–13 years of white on chest. LIFE SPAN 12–14 years May have white markings.

In its native country this shaggy, agile dog is sometimes known as Bred in Catalonia, Spain, as a flock-herder and guard, this hardy
the monkey dog. The Portuguese Sheepdog loves to be outdoors, dog has an attractive weatherproof coat that allows it to work in
herding. Lively and extremely intelligent, the breed has also gained almost any conditions. With high intelligence, a quiet temperament,
popularity as a companion and sporting dog in Portugal, although and a readiness to please, the Catalan Sheepdog is relatively easy to
it is little known elsewhere. train and makes an excellent family companion.
Crest on
top of head
Shaggy coat Fringed ears hang
resembles Rough- close to head
goat hair Black textured coat
Large eyebrows
do not obscure
Fawn eyes Round, dark
amber eyes
Long
beard and
mustache

Fawn
Tan markings Long hair
on lower legs extends
over feet





Pyrenean Sheepdog SEMI-LONG,
ROUGH-FACED
HEIGHT 15–19in (38–48cm) Gray Black and white
WEIGHT 15–31lb (7–14kg) Blue Blue coats may be merle, slate, or
LIFE SPAN 12–13 years Black brindle. Unmixed colors are preferred.

Small and lightly built for a sheepdog, Long, swept-back hair
Fawn on face and cheeks
this breed has long been used for herding
Coat woollier on
flocks in the French Pyrenees. It hindquarters
remained almost unknown beyond
its native mountain regions until the
beginning of the 20th century. Lithe,
energetic, and ready to join in any
White
interesting activity, the Pyrenean markings
on chest
Sheepdog does well in canine
sports such as agility trials. For
an active family, the Pyrenean
Sheepdog is an excellent pet.
The breed comes in two
coat varieties—long or
semi-long—and may Fawn Long hair on
with black
have a rough or hairs LONG-HAIRED, legs extends
ROUGH-FACED over toes
smooth face.


SEMI-LONG,
SMOOTH-FACED

50

WORKING DOGS


Border Collie FOREVER FAITHFUL


The town of Benton, Montana, is perhaps
HEIGHT WEIGHT LIFE SPAN
best known for a dog that kept a six-year vigil
20–21in 26–44lb Over 10 years Variety of for his shepherd owner. The shepherd became
(50–53cm) (12–20kg) colors
sick and died after coming to the town hospital
for treatment in 1936. The dog saw his coffin
loaded on to a train
This superintelligent dog needs an experienced owner and from that
and plenty of physical and mental activity point the
dog—named Old
Shep by station
The Border Collie’s reputation as the Primarily a working dog, the Border Collie
staff—met each
quintessential sheepdog reaches far beyond was not officially recognized as a breed by incoming train,
the English-Scottish border where it the Kennel Club in the UK until 1976. looking for
originated. Almost all Border Collies are Tireless energy, a low boredom threshold, his master. His
descended from a dog named Old Hemp, and an independent spirit mean that the devotion became
famous. In 1942
born in Northumbria (northern England) in Border Collie needs plenty of physical and
Old Shep was
1894. Old Hemp was such a good sheepdog mental challenges every day if kept as a pet.
killed by a train.
that many other farmers wanted pups sired Many take part in dog agility competitions. He was buried
by him; he had more than 200 offspring. These competitions, which started in the on the bluff
When herding sheep a Border Collie UK in 1978, require owners to train and overlooking the
works quickly and silently, responding direct their dogs to pass through a course station, where a
memorial to him
immediately to voice, whistle, or hand of obstacles. Border Collies excel in this
was erected.
commands from the shepherd. The dogs activity as, just like when herding sheep,
are used to round up sheep, to move them they rapidly follow their owner’s commands. BRONZE STATUE OF
OLD SHEP IN FORT
from pasture to pasture or pen, and to There are two varieties of coat: moderately BENTON, MONTANA
isolate individual animals, if necessary. long and smooth.





Distinct stop
Low-set tail Muscular, Black
reaches hock athletic body and white

Ears set
well apart




















MODERATELY
LONG COAT


Feathering
on forelegs







51

CATALOG OF BREEDS | WORKING DOGS


Collie



HEIGHT WEIGHT LIFE SPAN Gold Black, tan, and white
20–24in 51–75lb 12–14 years Blue merle
(51–61cm) (23–34kg) Gold and white


This proud and beautiful, sweet-tempered dog makes a loyal
family companion but needs plenty of exercise
Profuse
feathering on
This rich-coated breed, a descendant of The herding instinct has not been hindquarters
the rather less-refined Scottish working entirely bred out of Collies; their sharp
shepherd dogs, is much admired today awareness of movement may trigger an
as a pet and in the show ring. The Collie’s impulse to “round up” friends and family.
history may go back as far as Roman Early socializing can prevent this trait
Britain, but dogs recognizably of this type from becoming a nuisance.
did not attract wide attention until the Like all breeds originally intended as
19th century. Queen Victoria is credited working dogs, the Collie becomes restless
with popularizing the breed both in Europe when underexercised or left alone for long
and the US. Later, Lassie, the highly periods, and may start to bark excessively.
intelligent star of film and television, However, given an energetic daily run,
confirmed the Collie’s status as one it can be kept in a modest-sized house
of the best-loved dogs of all time. or even an apartment.
This breed is mild-tempered and tolerant This dog’s long, thick coat needs
of other dogs and pets. It is highly responsive regular grooming to prevent
to training and makes an affectionate and tangles and matting. More
protective companion. However, the frequent grooming sessions
people-loving Collie readily accepts visitors may be needed when
to the home and therefore does not make the dense undercoat
a good guard dog. An athletic breed, it is is being shed,
eager for fun and will take part eagerly in which occurs
canine sports such as agility trials. twice a year.





LASSIE—THE FAITHFUL FRIEND

The first Lassie film, Lassie Come
Home, was based on a book in
which Lassie’s poor owners sell
her to a rich duke, but the dog
escapes and makes a long,
dangerous trek to return to her
family home. Several more
films and a TV series followed,
showing Lassie’s bravery and
loyalty to her human friends.
Despite the girl’s name, all of
Feathered tail
the canine actors were male.
The original dog, Pal, was
actually rather badly behaved
before he was trained for his
life in the movies.
Smooth hair
below hock
A POSTER FROM THE 1994 FILM



52

WORKING DOGS




Semierect ears

Dark eyes with
intelligent, inquisitive
expression



Smooth-haired face
PUPPY

Abundant
Long, very dense, white mane
coarse-textured coat


























Long, lean,
tapering head


























Sable and white
















53

CATALOG OF BREEDS | WORKING DOGS


Smooth Collie



HEIGHT WEIGHT LIFE SPAN Sable and white
20–24in 40–66lb Over 10 years Black, tan, and white
(51–61cm) (18–30kg)


This increasingly rare collie is calm and friendly, making
A HELPING HAND
it ideal for the elderly or families with young children
Dogs have been used for many years to assist
blind, deaf, and disabled people, but there is Recognized as a breed in its own Vulnerable Native Breed, signifying a breed
now a new way to help those suffering right, the Smooth Collie shares many that registers fewer than 300 new animals
with Alzheimer’s Disease. Choosing Smooth
physical features with the Collie (see p.52). per year; in 2010 just 54 new dogs were
Collies to do this work has proved enormously
successful. The dogs are trained to guide their Both breeds are descended from Scottish registered. The breed is even less familiar
owner home or remain with them until help farm and herding dogs. Early Collies were in other countries.
arrives (below)—they carry a GPS on their smaller than today’s dogs, with shorter The Smooth Collie is sometimes used
harness to locate them. Loyal and devoted,
muzzles, but during the 19th century as a sheepdog or watchdog but is also a
these trained dogs are unusual because they breeders created a taller, more elegant good house dog that enjoys being with
often work without any commands from their
animal for the show ring. As with the people. Mild-mannered and friendly, it
owner and are also able to cope with the mood
swings associated with the condition. Collie, the breed was promoted by Queen needs plenty of company, exercise, and
Victoria who kept both Collies and Smooth mental stimulation. The breed, like the
Collies in her kennels. Collie, does well in agility and obedience
Today the Smooth Collie is less well- competitions. The short-haired coat is
known than its rough-haired counterpart. easy to maintain, needing little more
In the UK the Kennel Club has listed it as a than regular brushing.





One or both eyes
may be blue
in blue merles
Ears semierect
when alert





Muzzle
Long tail
reaches rounded
hock joint at end




Short, dense,
coarse coat
Characteristic
white collar
and chest


Blue merle





Oval feet with
arched toes







54

WORKING DOGS



Shetland Sheepdog


HEIGHT 14–15in (35–38cm) Sable Black and white
WEIGHT 13–37lb (6–17kg) Blue merle
LIFE SPAN Over 10 years Black and tan

First bred in the rugged Shetland Islands,
Close-set ears
beyond the northern coast of mainland
Long,
Scotland, this miniature collie is thick coat Tricolor
hardy and resilient. Bursting with
energy but easily trained and Black rim
around eyes
affectionate, the Shetland
Sheepdog adapts well to
family life and is a loyal
Smooth
pet. Regular grooming hair on
sessions are necessary face
to maintain the
beautiful coat.



Long-
haired tail Dense mane











Briard


HEIGHT 23–27in (58–69cm) Slate-gray
WEIGHT 77lb (35kg) Black
LIFE SPAN Over 10 years

In its native country this large
and lively French breed works as a Eyebrows fall
herder and guarder of sheep. Bold over eyes
Short, high-set,
and protective, but not aggressive, Fawn long-haired ears
the Briard is an excellent family
companion if given regular exercise
Black nose
and room to run and play. This is
not a low-maintenance dog, since
the Briard’s long, thick coat
needs a lot of grooming.





Darker hairs
blend in with
main body color
Long, flowing,
slightly wavy coat Strong,
muscular legs






55

CATALOG OF BREEDS | WORKING DOGS


Old English Sheepdog



HEIGHT WEIGHT LIFE SPAN Gray
22–24in 60–99lb Over 10 years Any shade of gray or blue. Body and hindquarters
(56–61cm) (27–45kg) of solid color, with no white patches.


This good-tempered and intelligent dog needs frequent
THE DULUX DOG
grooming to maintain its shaggy coat
To many English-speaking people around the
world, the Old English Sheepdog has become
Native to southwest England, the Old recently it has fallen out of favor; in 2012
synonymous with Dulux, the international paint English Sheepdog is descended from large, only 316 new dogs were registered with
brand. The first Dulux advertisements featuring
strong dogs used to guard livestock against the UK’s Kennel Club, prompting the Club
the dog appeared in 1961; it was felt that the big,
fluffy dog would give the film sets an appealing wolves, as well as from the Bearded Collie to put the Old English Sheepdog on its
family home feel. The dogs have been the stars of (opposite), and, possibly, breeds such as the watch list of endangered breeds.
the shows for over 50 years, and some even had South Russian Shepherd Dog (opposite). This big, strong dog requires a great deal
their own chauffeurs. They and the brand made
By the mid-19th century the dogs were of exercise. The coat always has been dense
each other world famous; today, Old English being used to drive livestock to market. It and shaggy; in the old days shepherds would
Sheepdogs are often recognized as
was customary to dock the tail (bob it), to shear their dogs as well as the sheep and use
“Dulux dogs.”
show that the animal was a working dog and the hair to make cloth. However, modern
thus exempt from tax; the alternative name animals’ coats have become so thick that
of Bobtail Sheepdog is still sometimes used. they need constant care to prevent them
The breed was highly popular in the from becoming tangled and matted.
1970s and 80s, due to its use in movies
and advertisements, but more
Eyes obscured
by coat



Small ears
covered by coat


Deep, relatively
short body


Longer coat on
hindquarters













Very thick,
shaggy coat
with white
markings



Blue
White markings on
head, neck, and chest







56

WORKING DOGS



Bearded Collie Polish Lowland


HEIGHT 20–22in (51–56cm) Sandy Black Sheepdog
WEIGHT 44–55lb (20–25kg) Red-brown
LIFE SPAN Over 10 years Blue
HEIGHT 17–20in (42–50cm) Any color
WEIGHT 31–35lb (14–16kg)
Until the middle of the 20th century the Bearded Collie was LIFE SPAN 12–15 years
familiar only in Scotland and the north of England, where it
was valued as a sheepdog. Now widely appreciated for its attractive Bred to work on the plainlands of Northern Europe as a herder and
appearance, compact size, and gentle nature, this breed has a guard dog, this delightfully shaggy dog is both rugged and agile.
great appeal as a pet. However, it is more likely to enjoy the The breed has brains as well as brawn and responds readily to
space of a rural home than a compact urban environment. training for a variety of purposes. Exercise and grooming
Long should be high on its owner’s agenda.
mustache Long hair falls
Long on muzzle Black and tan over eyes
Arched outer coat Thick, long, fluffy
eyebrows do Slate-gray coat, fades with age
not cover eyes
Heart-shaped,
Large drop ears
nose hidden by hair



Blunt
White muzzle
collar
Oval-
shaped
Toes hairy
between pads feet



Dutch Schapendoes South Russian


HEIGHT 16–20in (40–50cm) Any color Shepherd Dog
WEIGHT 26–44lb (12–20kg)
LIFE SPAN 13–14 years
HEIGHT 24–26in (62–65cm) Ashen gray
WEIGHT 106–110lb (48–50kg) Straw
Swift, tireless, and intelligent, this breed is the perfect natural LIFE SPAN 9–11 years Yellow and white
sheep herder. Moving as if on springs, a working Dutch
Schapendoes can run at high speed and bound lightly over This big sheepdog from the Russian steppes was bred not to round
almost any obstacle in its path. The breed has the temperament up flocks but to guard them against fierce predators. Quick to react,
to make a good companion but will not thrive without activity. naturally dominant, and highly protective, this breed, also known
as the Ovtcharka (sheep herder in Russian), needs
an owner who can establish authority early on.
Heavily feathered, Long topknot of hair
long tail partially covers eyes
Full mustache Long, dense
and beard coat with
coarse texture
Elongated head
with broad
forehead


Triangular,
drop ears
Black and Abundant,
white slightly White Feet covered
wavy coat with long
hair





57



WORKING DOGS


Pembroke Welsh Corgi




HEIGHT WEIGHT LIFE SPAN Fawn and sable
10–12in 20–26lb 12–15 years
(25–30cm) (9–12kg)


A sharp and confident watchdog with a big bark for its size, FIT FOR A QUEEN
this dog makes a good family pet if given enough exercise
The British royal family is well known for its
The more widely known of the two them ideally suited to driving cattle, sheep, love of dogs—and no breed is more closely
associated with the Windsors than the Pembroke
Corgi breeds, the Pembroke Welsh Corgi is and ponies to market by nipping at their
Welsh Corgi. King George VI, father of the
distinguished from the Cardigan Welsh Corgi heels. Today, these alert and active little
reigning monarch, Queen Elizabeth II, acquired
(see p.60) by its slightly smaller ears, lighter dogs are still used occasionally in herding the first royal corgi, Rozavel Golden Eagle
build, finer features, and, in some dogs, lack and dog agility events. Pembroke Welsh (“Dookie”), in 1933. The Queen has owned
of tail. The Pembroke Welsh Corgi Corgis make excellent watchdogs and and bred Pembroke Welsh Corgis since she
was 18 years old. One of her dogs, Monty
is the younger of the two, even though its enjoy family life, but they may revert to
(now deceased), starred with her in a James
ancestry has been traced back to 1107, when their herding instincts and nip ankles, a
Bond movie sequence at the opening ceremony
Flemish weavers and farmers first imported tendency that can be minimized by early of the 2012 London Olympics.
dogs from Europe into western Wales. The training. Corgis have a tendency to gain
two breeds were crossed for a time in the weight easily so need a regulated regime
19th century, but the Pembroke Welsh Corgi of diet and exercise.
was recognized as a separate breed in 1934. The Pembroke Welsh Corgi is notable
Corgis have a long for having a feature called a “fairy saddle”—
history as cattle an area over the shoulders where the
herders and guard fur grows in a different thickness and
dogs in Wales. Their direction from the rest of the coat. The
low-slung shape and name derives from the legend that fairies
general agility made used these dogs as their steeds.



Erect ears
rounded at tips
Foxlike
head with
typical
PUPPY markings




Black and tan Level topline “Fairy saddle”
Red






White
markings
on chest
Broad, deep,
white chest






Oval feet with
inner toes longer
than outer toes



59

CATALOG OF BREEDS | WORKING DOGS



Cardigan Welsh Corgi


HEIGHT 11–12in (28–31cm) Any color
WEIGHT 24–37lb (11–17kg)
LIFE SPAN 12–15 years White markings, if present, should not dominate.

The two varieties of Welsh Corgi were classified as
separate breeds in the 1930s. Less popular as a house dog
than its relative, the Pembroke Welsh Corgi (see p.58),
the Cardigan Welsh Corgi
can be distinguished by
its larger round ears and Large, erect ears, Coarse-textured, Relatively long,
rounded at tips short coat low-slung body
longer body. Full of
character, it fits well
Foxlike head
into a small home.








Long, heavy tail
Short, Brindle
sturdy
legs Large,
rounded feet






Swedish Vallhund


HEIGHT 12–14in (31–35cm) Steel-gray
WEIGHT 26–35lb (12–16kg) Red
LIFE SPAN 12–14 years Red and gray coats may be mixed with brown or yellow.

Like the Welsh Corgis (above and p.58), which at first glance
it closely resembles, the Swedish Vallhund was used as
a cattle-herding dog. This tough and workmanlike breed Wedge-shaped,
long head
continues to make itself useful on Swedish farms.
Uncommon as a house dog, it is gradually becoming more Straight back
widely known and appreciated for its happy personality.


Erect, pointed
ears
Dense,
harsh-textured
topcoat




Thick, White markings
muscular on chest
neck
Grayish
yellow
Oval feet





60

WORKING DOGS



New Zealand Huntaway

Bright-eyed,
alert expression
HEIGHT 20–24in (50–61cm) Tricolor
WEIGHT 40–66lb (18–30kg) Dark brindle
LIFE SPAN 12–14 years Currently may still appear in other colors.

The New Zealand Huntaway lacks a breed standard and is not recognized
Short, Black
by any kennel club due to its mixed breeding, which may include German thick coat and tan
Shepherd (see p.42), Rottweiler (see p.83), and Border Collie (see p.51).
Developed in New Zealand to be a working sheepdog, it is an excellent
worker and is also gaining popularity as a house dog.












Typical tan
markings
Long, strong legs






Large feet




Australian Kelpie


HEIGHT 17–20in (43–51cm) Variety of colors
WEIGHT 24–44lb (11–20kg)
LIFE SPAN 10–14 years

The Australian Kelpie was developed
Short, thick,
to work as a sheepdog in the vast open water-resistant coat
expanses of Australia. Energetic and
Thick, brushlike,
agile, the breed has seemingly endless slightly curved tail
reserves of stamina and a low boredom
threshold. An all-action dog, it
is best suited to a working life
where its herding skills can
be put to full use.

Foxlike head


Chocolate

Fine-boned but
muscular legs









61

CATALOG OF BREEDS | WORKING DOGS


Australian Cattle Dog




HEIGHT WEIGHT LIFE SPAN
17–20in 31–40lb Over 10 years
(43–51cm) (14–18kg)


Strong, hardy, and workmanlike, this trustworthy
herding dog is a little wary of strangers


Once widely used for cattle driving ancestors. The breed is notable for its
and guarding, this breed is also called the tireless, easy gait and ability to produce
Australian Heeler. It originated in the 19th sudden bursts of speed. Long, broad,
century when herdsmen needed a dog that The Australian Cattle Dog has many muscular
hindquarters
could manage semi-wild cattle on vast merits as a family dog, being hardy, alert,
ranches and run for long distances in rough and loyal to its owner. An ancestry that
terrain and intense heat. In the 1840s a includes the dingo has, however, made the
rancher named Thomas Hall crossed some breed naturally suspicious of strangers. Bred
collies with dingos, creating the “Hall’s to work strenuous days and cover long
heeler” (the name “heeler” referring to the distances, it requires plenty of exercise.
dogs’ tendency to drive cattle by nipping Ideally, the dog needs firm handling and
at their heels). These dogs were, in turn, work to make use of its mental and physical
crossed with Dalmatians (see p.286), Bull energy, otherwise it will become bored and
Terriers (see p.197), and Kelpies (a black- stubborn. Training is not difficult because the
and-tan herding breed). The Australian dog is highly intelligent and willing to
Cattle Dog breed finally became established please; it excels in herding, obedience,
in the 1890s. and agility activities.
The crossbreeding had resulted in a dog
with strong herding instincts, the tough,
quiet nature of a dingo, and the Dalmatian’s
ability to work alongside horses. Many still
have the blue-merle coloring of their collie





Low-set tail
hangs in a
slight curve
Coat longer and
thicker on neck






Red speckle Round feet
with strong,
arched toes


















62

WORKING DOGS





Drop ears
Pronounced stop












PUPPY










Tan markings
on throat





Blue












LONGEST-LIVED DOG

Australian Cattle Dogs are known for being
robust and healthy—but one, called Bluey, holds
the Guinness World Record as the longest-lived
dog. Bluey was born in June 1910 and was
owned by Australian couple Les and Esma
Hall. The dog worked for more than 20 years
herding sheep and cattle (as below) on a diet
of kangaroo and emu meat. He was finally put
down in November 1939, at the age of 29 years,
5 months, and 7 days.







Distinctive tan
markings on legs














63

CATALOG OF BREEDS | WORKING DOGS



Lancashire Heeler


HEIGHT 10–12in (25–30cm)
WEIGHT 9–15lb (4–7kg) Liver and tan
LIFE SPAN 15 years

Intelligent, tough, and workmanlike, the
Lancashire Heeler is well suited to its original Tan spots above
Tail curves over
use as a cattle herder in the north of England. back when alert eyes and on cheeks
The breed may have been the result of crosses
between the Pembroke Welsh
Corgi (see p.58) and the
Firm body with Black
Manchester Terrier (see level back and tan
p.212). Less inclined to
be “nippy” than other
heelers, this good-
looking little dog Short,
glossy
fits well with families coat
if trained carefully.





Small, rounded feet
Tan-colored legs







Bergamasco


HEIGHT 21–24in (54–62cm) Light fawn and Isabella
WEIGHT 57–84lb (26–38kg) Black
LIFE SPAN Over 10 years May have white markings.

A sheepdog and guard dog, the powerful Bergamasco was bred for a
tough, outdoor life in the northern Italian mountains. Its weatherproof
coat is thick, greasy to the touch, and easily becomes matted, but once Broad, straight back Gray
the coat becomes flocked, grooming time is
greatly reduced. The Bergamasco
is companionable and loyal
but needs firm control. Pronounced
stop on skull
covered by hair

Tail carried
low








Flocked
coat






64

WORKING DOGS



Pumi Dense, wiry
tufts on ears
HEIGHT 15–19in (38–47cm) Cream Small, white markings may
WEIGHT 18–33lb (8–15kg) Gray occur on chest and toes.
LIFE SPAN 12–13 years Gold

Developed in Hungary during
the 18th century, the Pumi is a
Narrow, Black
cross between the Hungarian Puli terrierlike
head High-set tail
(below) and terrier-type dogs from
Germany and France. An excellent
herder of livestock and a good
all-around farm dog, the Pumi has
proved to be equally successful
as a house dog. Bold and restless,
this breed thrives on action.




Thick,
curly coat
Well-muscled,
lean body











Hungarian Puli


HEIGHT 14–17in (36–44cm) White May have small, white
WEIGHT 22–33lb (10–15kg) Gray markings on chest and feet.
Small, black
LIFE SPAN Over 12 years Fawn
nose
Thought to have been brought
into central Europe by the Eyes covered by Profusely coated
nomadic Magyar tribes of long, corded coat tail curls over back
Asia, the Hungarian Puli was
traditionally used as a herding Straight,
muscular back
dog. Affectionate and quick
to learn, it makes a good
family pet but gets bored
easily without fun and Black
company. Its corded coat
needs special attention.



Coat forms
long cords






Short,
round feet


65

CATALOG OF BREEDS | WORKING DOGS


Komondor




HEIGHT WEIGHT LIFE SPAN
24–31in 79–135lb Under 10 years
(60–80cm) (36–61kg)


Not for novices, this large, powerful dog needs an experienced
owner who will give it time and attention


The Komondor is descended from guard in nature, the Komondor will fearlessly
dogs brought to Hungary by a people called act to tackle anything it sees as a threat.
the Cumans, as they migrated westward The breed has strong guarding instincts
from what is now China to the Danube and can be loyal protectors of their home,
basin. The earliest written evidence of dogs although they are more suited to being
of this type dates from the mid-16th century, outdoor or farm dogs than family pets.
but they may have existed for centuries The Komondor’s independent nature
earlier. It was not until the early 20th and instincts, combined with considerable
century that the breed became size and strength, mean that ownership
known outside Hungary. should be considered only by those White
The Komondor was traditionally used with plenty of dog-handling experience
to protect sheep, goats, and cattle from and space. Daily grooming is essential
wolves and bears. Left by their human to maintain the Komondor’s
owners, they lived among the flocks and extraordinary tasseled coat.
worked independently to guard the livestock
from predators. Many were used
to guard military installations during World
War II and were killed in service, and as a Long tail curved
slightly at tip
result the breed nearly died out. However,
a number of dogs were saved by a few
dedicated breeders. Today the largest
populations are in Hungary and the US,
where dogs have been used to guard
livestock from coyotes and other predators.
Although generally quiet and reserved






















PUPPY










66

WORKING DOGS


Nose is usually black,
but gray or brown is
sometimes seen


IN SHEEP’S CLOTHING

Drop ears hidden Not only does the Komondor look like the native
under coat Hungarian sheep it is bred to protect, it is treated
like one. The puppies are raised with sheep from
infancy and live with them all year round so the
sheep are not afraid of them. The dogs in turn
treat the sheep as members of their pack and
protect them. Raised in human company they
have similar protective habits toward family
members. The Komondor is even shorn like a
sheep each summer to remove the long, woolly
coat that protects it from the cold in winter.



























Dark eyes partially
obscured by coat



















Very long, heavy,
tasseled coat

















67

CATALOG OF BREEDS | WORKING DOGS



Aidi


HEIGHT 21–24in (53–61cm) Fawn Brown (right)
WEIGHT 51–55lb (23–25kg) Black
LIFE SPAN About 12 years Fawn, brown, and black coats may be spotted with white.

Also known as the Atlas Mountain Dog, this type of dog has been
used for centuries as a guard dog by the nomadic peoples of Morocco.
Thick, medium-
The Aidi is faithful, fearless, and always on the alert to protect its length coat
owners and their possessions. But its strong guarding instincts mean
that this dog is not always suited to a domestic lifestyle.
Wide-set,
drop ears
Black
lips
Black patch




White



Feathering on
back of legs









Australian Shepherd


HEIGHT 18–23in (46–58cm) Red, red merle
WEIGHT 40–65lb (18–29kg) Black
LIFE SPAN Over 10 years All coats may have tan markings. Pronounced stop

Not an “Aussie” at all, this shepherd dog was bred in the US.
Its name derives from its ancestors, which were worked by High-set,
drop ears
Basque shepherds who emigrated to Australia in the late Thick, wavy coat
19th century and then later moved on to the US. The
Australian Shepherd, still useful
as a ranch dog and tracker,
is becoming increasingly
valued as a pet.
Tan markings







Blue merle
White hair
extends across
neck, chest,
and legs


Bushy tail




68

WORKING DOGS



Hellenic Shepherd Dog


HEIGHT 24–30in (60–75cm) Variety of colors
WEIGHT 71–110lb (32–50kg) Massive, flat-
LIFE SPAN 12 years topped head

The ancestors of this breed,
which is also known as the Dark brown eyes Triangular, drop ears
with darker edges
Greek Sheepdog, may have
been the sheepdogs brought
into Greece many centuries
ago by Turkish migrants.
Tough, brave, and a natural
guardian and flock leader,
the Hellenic Shepherd Dog
has excellent qualities for
a working dog, but is too Broad
chest
dominant in temperament Dense coat with
some sabling
to make a reliable family
companion. There are two Fawn
coat types: long-haired and
short-haired.
LONG-HAIRED
White feet
and legs
Abundant
hair on tail



Maremma Sheepdog Cursinu


HEIGHT 24–29in (60–73cm) HEIGHT 18–23in (46–58cm)
WEIGHT 66–99lb (30–45kg) WEIGHT Not known
LIFE SPAN Over 10 years LIFE SPAN Over 10 years

The sheep herders of the central Italian plains have Dogs of this type have existed on the island of Corsica
long used the Maremma Sheepdog to guard their for over a hundred years, although the Cursinu has only
flocks. With an imposing stance and a magnificent, been recognized in France since 2003. Energetic, fast-
High-set,
thick, white coat, this handsome dog has obvious Short hair moving, and versatile, it is used for both hunting and semierect
on face ears
attractions but needs expert handling. Like many herding and, although it can adapt to home life, it is
dogs bred for outdoor work, this sheepdog is not probably at its best as a working dog.
the ideal choice for the home. Short, thick,
Small ears hang muscular neck
flat at rest Long tail,
Heavy, wavy coat carried in
curl when
active
Thickly
haired,
Black- low-set tail
rimmed
eyes Flat, wide
head
Short to medium-
length coat
Thick collar Fawn-brindle
White of hair on
neck
Long, harelike feet






69

CATALOG OF BREEDS | WORKING DOGS


Romanian Shepherd Dogs



HEIGHT WEIGHT LIFE SPAN White-beige Bucovina only may appear as white,
23–31in 77–154lb 12–14 years Black white-beige, black, or ashen-gray
(59–78cm) (35–70kg) and may have patches of color. CARPATIN


These watchful and courageous dogs need space
MOLOSSUS DOGS
and freedom to run and may be wary of strangers
Said to be descendants of ancient molossus
dogs that were crossed with local domestic dogs,
In the mountainous Carpathian region of From the 1930s onward efforts were made
the Romanian Shepherd Dog is an impressive Romania, shepherds rely on large, robust to preserve all three types. The different
animal. The ancient molossus dogs were used
dogs to guard their flocks in all weather. Romanian Shepherd Dog breeds were
in battle, for hunting (as seen in this frieze from
c.645BCE), and for guarding property and working Regional breeding has resulted in several provisionally recognized by the FCI in
with livestock. Those used for herding were said distinct types: the three main forms are the the early years of this century.
by Aristotle (384–322BCE) to be “superior to Carpatin, the Bucovina, and the Mioritic. Romanian Shepherd Dogs are little
others in size, and in the courage with which they
The lean, wolflike Carpatin originated known outside their native country. All
face the attacks of wild animals.” These attributes in the lower Carpathian-Danube area of types are better suited to outdoor rather
are essential for the Romanian Shepherd Dogs
eastern Romania; the heavier Molossoid than indoor life, and none is widely known
that are used to guard livestock today.
Bucovina was developed in the northeastern as a companion dog. With strong watchdog
mountains; and the shaggy-haired Mioritic instincts, Romanian Shepherd Dogs are
arose in the north. All types have to be strong highly territorial and suspicious of strangers.
and courageous to defend livestock against They need plenty of activity, as well as
predators such as wolves, bears, and lynxes. early socialization and firm training.


Blaze extends White with
to muzzle cream and gray
markings
Wolf-gray
Black
nose
Profuse hair
on tail








Slightly longer
hair on neck
forms ruff









Rough, slightly Coat longer than
wavy coat other Romanian
Shepherd Dogs
Feathering on
back of front legs

White
markings
CARPATIN on feet



MIORITIC


70

WORKING DOGS



Appenzell Cattle Dog Drop ears, raised
forward when alert
HEIGHT 20–22in (50–56cm) Havana brown
WEIGHT 49–71lb (22–32kg)
LIFE SPAN 12–13 years

Bred for herding and guarding on Alpine farms, Tail carried
in tight curl
the Appenzell Cattle Dog has also taken well to
urban life. The breed has a firm following in
Switzerland but is not yet widely known elsewhere.
Reddish
Keen, alert, and full of energy, brown
markings
this dog is at its best on face
when kept occupied. Small, almond-
shaped eyes
White
chest

White blaze
extends to
sides of muzzle
Dense, flat,
Black
shiny coat







White feet




Entlebucher Mountain Dog


HEIGHT 17–20in (42–50cm)
WEIGHT 46–62lb (21–28kg)
LIFE SPAN 11–15 years

The smallest of several long-established
High-set,
Swiss mountain dogs, this cattle- drop ears
driving breed from the Entlebuch Reddish brown
markings
valley is gaining popularity as above eyes
Back length longer
a house dog. Bouncing with than leg length
high spirits, the Entlebucher
Mountain Dog is confident
and well behaved within
White
the family, but has strong chest
protective instincts and
is inclined to be wary
around strangers. Tricolor



Slightly curved,
long tail
Short, coarse,
glossy coat
Reddish brown
markings on legs





71

CATALOG OF BREEDS | WORKING DOGS

WORKING DOGS


Bernese Mountain Dog




HEIGHT WEIGHT LIFE SPAN
23–28in 71–120lb Under 10 years CART DOGS
(58–70cm) (32–54kg)
In the past, people who couldn’t afford a horse
would use dogs to pull carts, leading to the
A beautifully marked, versatile breed with an attractive development of breeds such as the Bernese
Mountain Dog. This breed was used in the
personality and kind nature, this dog enjoys family life summer to transport milk, and later cheese,
from the mountains where the cattle grazed
This lovely dog takes its name from the and has become popular as a family dog.
to the valleys below. Because of this practice,
Swiss canton of Berne, where it traditionally Slow to mature, these dogs keep their dogs were sometimes referred to locally as
worked as an all-purpose farm dog; it was puppyish tendencies for longer than other Cheese Dogs. When not working as a draft
also used to pull carts to transport goods breeds. Although large and strong, the dogs animal, the Bernese Mountain Dog was used
such as milk and cheese to market. The breed are not overly dominant. They enjoy human to control stock and guard property.
began to decline in the 19th century as other company and need to spend a lot of time
types of dog were imported to Switzerland. around people, rather than be confined
Initial work on restoring the breed was done to a kennel or yard. The breed is affectionate
by Franz Schertenlieb who traveled all over and reliable with children. In recent years it
Switzerland looking for dogs and, later, has become popular as a therapy dog for
a Swiss professor called Albert Heim began older people, sick children, or those with
working to preserve and promote the breed special needs. It is also still used for farm
too. A breed club was formed in 1907, and work as well as search and rescue work.
during the 20th century the breed became The eye-catching tricolor coat needs
popular worldwide. plenty of grooming to maintain its silky
The Bernese Mountain texture and characteristic soft sheen. The
Dog is attractive in coat is heavy, so this dog is not suited to
both looks and nature, extremely warm climates.




White Broad head with
Triangular, blaze well-defined stop
drop ears on head
PUPPY
Tricolor








Broad, deep
chest with
white markings






Long, bushy,
jet-black tail
Long, silky, Reddish brown
slightly wavy coat markings extend
down to feet









73

CATALOG OF BREEDS | WORKING DOGS



Greater Swiss Mountain Dog White Swiss Shepherd Dog


HEIGHT 24–28in (60–72cm) HEIGHT 21–26in (53–66cm)
WEIGHT 79–130lb (36–59kg) WEIGHT 55–88lb (25–40kg)
LIFE SPAN 8–11 years LIFE SPAN 8–11 years

Bred in the Swiss Alps, this huge, strong, striking dog was once Pure white shepherd dogs were first brought into Switzerland
used to haul carts full of dairy produce, for cattle herding, and for from North America in the 1970s. Developed over the next
guard duties. The dog had all but disappeared by the beginning of two decades, it was recognized in Switzerland as a breed
the 20th century, but breeding by enthusiasts saved it from extinction; in 1991. Good-tempered and intelligent, it is suitable
however, it is still rare. A true working dog, its agreeable temperament for both work and companionship. There
makes it a sociable family companion are two coat types: medium-haired
for those with room to spare. Tan spots and long-haired.
over eyes Dark eyes
Strong, White
muscular body

Coat has
symmetrical High-set,
pattern erect ears
Broad,
flattened skull


Black with tan
and white Bushy tail
markings
LONG-HAIRED






Anatolian Shepherd Dog Kangal Dog


HEIGHT 28–32in (71–81cm) Any color HEIGHT 28–31in (70–80cm) Pale brown
WEIGHT 90–141lb (41–64kg) WEIGHT 88–143lb (40–65kg) Pale gray
LIFE SPAN 12–15 years LIFE SPAN 12–15 years White markings on feet and chest only.

After a long history as a livestock guardian, this hardy and Known as the national dog of Turkey, the Kangal Dog is a
powerful breed is still used in Turkey as a working dog. Bred for mastiff-type mountain dog bred in central Turkey to guard flocks
its courage and independence of spirit, the Anatolian Shepherd against wolves, jackals, and bears. The breed is strongly protective
Dog respects the authority of a firm and loving owner. If kept toward its human family. It is independent-minded and needs
as a companion dog, training and experienced handling and a lot of exercise.
socializing should begin early.


Long tail
curls up at tip Thick coat Black muzzle
Throat has
dewlap


Slight Dark
furrow face
down head mask Darker-colored,
drop ears
Slight
dewlap
Fawn
Pale yellow

Large
feet



74

WORKING DOGS



Akbash Central Asian Shepherd Dog


HEIGHT 27–31in (69–79cm) HEIGHT 26–31in (65–78cm) Variety of colors
WEIGHT 75–130lb (34–59kg) WEIGHT 88–174lb (40–79kg)
LIFE SPAN 10–11 years LIFE SPAN 12–14 years

A powerful Turkish breed developed for guarding flocks, Akbash- The nomadic herdsmen of Central Asia—the regions now
type dogs have probably been around for several thousands of years. known as Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, and
Used on ranches in North America as a livestock and property Kyrgyzstan—have used dogs of this type to protect their flocks for
guard, the Akbash is best suited to a working life and needs skilled hundreds of years. Once bred selectively in the former USSR, this
handling to prevent behavior problems. There are two coat types: rare breed needs early socialization. There are two coat types: short-
medium-haired and long-haired. haired and long-haired.
Shorter hair Moderate stop
on face
Heavily Weatherproof, White with
feathered tail White coarse coat Dense coat lemon markings





Biscuit
Powerful
shoulders
Typical mastiff-
type body
Feathering on Large,
back of legs LONG- rounded
HAIRED feet
SHORT-HAIRED





Caucasian Shepherd Dog Leonberger


HEIGHT 26–30in (67–75cm) Variety of colors HEIGHT 28–31in (72–80cm) Sandy
WEIGHT 99–154lb (45–70kg) WEIGHT 99–170lb (45–77kg) Red
LIFE SPAN 10–11 years LIFE SPAN Over 10 years May have white markings.

Developed from various large dogs, this shepherd dog was Named after the Bavarian town of Leonberg, this breed was
once used to guard flocks in the Caucasian regions. In the 1920s developed in the mid-19th century by crossing a St. Bernard (see
selective breeding of this dog began in the former USSR and p.76) with a Newfoundland (see p.79). After the two World Wars,
continued later in Germany. An excellent watchdog, it requires Leonbergers had almost disappeared, but the breed has recovered
careful handling if it is to be a good companion. and is popular for its splendid looks and friendly nature.
Massive head
Feathered tail,
lighter on Thick, fairly
Heavily Sable underside long coat
feathered tail

Mane on neck
and chest
Dark muzzle
Black mask

Deep
chest
Lion-gold
Feet thickly Feathered
Dense, coarse insulated with forelegs
coat stands white hair
away from body
PUPPY


75

CATALOG OF BREEDS | WORKING DOGS


Saint Bernard




HEIGHT WEIGHT LIFE SPAN Brindle
28–30in 130–180lb 8–10 years
(70–75cm) (59–81kg)


This kindly giant has a delightful temperament but its
unrivaled size prohibits it from being a pet for many
White patch
Originating in the 18th century, this breed dogs. During the 19th century the breed
was created by the monks of St. Bernard’s became popular outside Switzerland,
Hospice in the Swiss Alps. The monks particularly in England where the Saint
crossbred the various mastiff-type dogs Bernard was crossed with English Mastiffs
that had existed in the Swiss valleys for to produce a larger, heavier dog.
centuries, probably for use as watchdogs and The Saint Bernard is calm and
companions. The dogs’ unique rescue duties affectionate, and is especially good with
date from the late 18th century. The animals children. It is relatively rare as a house dog
could smell people hidden under snow and due to its giant size and its need for plenty
sense impending avalanches. The monks sent of space and food. There
the dogs out in groups to find lost travelers; are two coat types:
one dog would lie beside a casualty to keep smooth-haired and
the person warm while another would rough-haired.
return to the monastery to alert the monks.
However, the image of the rescuing Saint
Bernard carrying a cask of medicinal
Bushy
brandy around his neck is apochryphal. white tail
During the severe winters of 1816–18
many dogs died doing rescue work, and
numbers fell dangerously low. In the 1830s
some crosses were made with Newfoundland
dogs (see p.78), but the crossbreeds’ long
hair picked up too much snow and ice,
making them unsuitable for rescue work. Characteristic
white markings
The crosses were given away and the monks on legs
returned to breeding the shorter-haired


BARRY THE MOUNTAIN RESCUE DOG


The most famous Saint Bernard rescue dog
was a male named Barry, who lived from
1800 to 1814. He was owned by the monks
of St. Bernard’s Hospice. Barry is said to have
rescued more than 40 people, including a
young boy whom he found in a cavern of
ice; the dog revived the boy by licking him,
and then carried him back to the monks.
Since then, the hospice has always named
one of their dogs Barry in his honor.
A monument to the original Barry (right)
can be found in the Paris dog cemetery.



CIMETIÈRE DES CHIENS
D’ASNIÉRES-SUR-SEINE,
PARIS, FRANCE


76

WORKING DOGS






White markings
on face
PUPPY

White
collar




Broad, straight back


















Slightly
pendulous
flews




Long, thick neck
with pronounced
dewlap
Typical black Flat, deep
shading cheeks





Smooth
coat



Orange and white















SMOOTH-HAIRED













77

CATALOG OF BREEDS | WORKING DOGS



Tatra Shepherd Dog Pyrenean Mastiff


HEIGHT 24–28in (60–70cm) HEIGHT 28–32in (72–81cm)
WEIGHT 79–130lb (36–59kg) WEIGHT 120–154lb (54–70kg)
LIFE SPAN 10–12 years LIFE SPAN 10 years

Still used for protecting and herding flocks in the high Tatra A native of Spain, the Pyrenean Mastiff was originally kept for
mountains of Poland, this huge and handsome dog takes its duties guarding mountain flocks. Large and courageous enough to take
just as seriously when guarding home and household. Usually on a bear or a wolf, this breed is now often used as a house
gentle with those it knows, this breed requires an experienced guard. Intelligent and calm, it can also be a good
owner with a watchful eye for potential aggression if it is to companion dog if it has the right training. Small, almond-
shaped eyes
be kept as a companion.
Dense, bristly White
White Dense, slightly textured coat
wavy coat



Long, plumed tail
Triangular, Lips and
drop ears with eyes have
rounded tips dark edges Well-defined
face mask

Deep mane
around neck
Hair shorter on
lower legs and feet Irregular patch
same color as
face mask






Great Pyrenees


HEIGHT 26–28in (65–70cm) Pure white
WEIGHT 88–110lb (40–50kg)
LIFE SPAN 9–11 years

One of the most imposing of all dogs, this breed comes from the Dark, amber-colored
eyes with black rims
French Pyrenees, where its traditional role was as a guarder of flocks. White with
tan patches
Thoroughly assimilated into modern family life, the Great Pyrenees
is calm-natured and unaggressive, reliable in the home, and good
with children. Despite the dog’s huge size and strength, it does
Tan
not need an excessive amount of exercise. Owners should, patch
however, be prepared to put their energies into grooming. on rump



Plumed tail
Tan patches and dark
shading on head
Dense, wavy coat
Heavy mane
Double dewclaws around
on hind legs, neck and
hidden by hair shoulders









78

WORKING DOGS



Newfoundland


HEIGHT 26–28in (66–71cm) Dark brown
WEIGHT 110–152lb (50–69kg)
LIFE SPAN 9–11 years

Although the Newfoundland is
Dense, coarse,
associated with the Canadian Massive head Black slightly oily coat
province of the same name, the
dog’s true origins are uncertain.
Historically employed by
fishermen to retrieve nets,
it is sometimes used today
for sea rescues. The breed
has a protective nature and
Bushy
is renowned for being gentle tail
with children. Its large
size rules this dog
out as a pet for
a small home.

Feathered
forelegs
Large
feet






Landseer
Black head with
well developed stop
HEIGHT 26–28in (66–71cm)
WEIGHT 110–152lb (50–69kg)
LIFE SPAN 9–11 years

This color variant of the Newfoundland (above) is regarded
as a distinct breed in some countries. The Landseer is named after
Strong neck
the mid-Victorian British painter Sir Edwin Landseer, who often
painted these dogs. Aside from its bicolored coat, this dog
shares all the attributes of solid-colored Newfoundlands,
being placid, friendly, and dependable.




Distinctive,
black saddle







Short hair in
front of legs,
White with feathered behind
black markings







79

CATALOG OF BREEDS

WORKING DOGS


Tibetan Mastiff




HEIGHT WEIGHT LIFE SPAN Slate-gray Black and slate-gray dogs
24–26in 85–280lb Over 10 years Gold may have tan markings.
(61–66 cm) (39–127kg) Black


One of the smaller mastiffs, this independent dog is THE WORLD’S MOST
extremely loyal but may take time to train and socialize EXPENSIVE DOG


One of the world’s oldest dog breeds, the to become well-known in the UK from the The Tibetan Mastiff is still uncommon beyond
Tibetan Mastiff was traditionally used to 1970s onward. Tibetan Mastiffs are also its native land, but this ancient breed has
become something of a status symbol in China.
guard livestock by nomadic shepherds in the becoming popular in China, where they are
In 2011 a young dog named Hong Dong (Big
Himalayas, as well as to protect villages and regarded as bringers of health and prosperity.
Splash) was sold to a Chinese coal baron for
monasteries. The dogs were often left to In its native country, the Tibetan Mastiff 10 million yuan (just over $1.5 million), so
roam free at night to guard villages, or left can still be rather large and fierce. However, becoming the world’s most expensive dog.
behind to guard shepherds’ families when the in the West, selective breeding and training Big Splash was prized not only for being a
men moved their flocks to higher pastures. have greatly reduced any aggressive perfect physical specimen, but also because
his coat was red—a lucky color in China.
Ancestors of these dogs were brought tendencies. The Tibetan Mastiff has strong
westward with the armies of Attila the Hun protective instincts, especially with children.
and Genghis Khan, laying the foundations It is a good house dog and companion,
for some of today’s giant although it is fairly independent-minded
Molossus breeds. and not overtly affectionate. The breed
Since the 18th century takes time to reach full maturity and needs
small numbers of thorough, steady training.
Tibetan Mastiffs Tibetan Mastiff bitches come into season
have been exported once a year rather than twice, as is usual for
to the West, but the dogs. The coat needs plenty of grooming
breed only started and is not suited for hot, humid climates,
but it does not have dander, which reduces
PUPPY the risk of allergic reactions.

Bushy tail carried
curled over back
Short-haired
drop ears
Black with
tan markings




Powerful
jaws







Coat forms
mane around
neck and White star
shoulders
on chest
Typical tan
markings
on legs Dense, straight coat

Feathering
between toes



81

CATALOG OF BREEDS | WORKING DOGS



Tibetan Kyi Apso Slovakian Chuvach


HEIGHT 22–28in (56–71cm) Any color HEIGHT 23–28in (59–70cm)
WEIGHT 68–84lb (31–38kg) WEIGHT 68–97lb (31–44kg)
LIFE SPAN 7–10 years LIFE SPAN 11–13 years

Only a handful of Kyi Apsos have appeared outside Tibet and Originally a shepherd’s guard dog from the Slovakian Alps,
the breed is elusive even in its own country. Traditionally, this the Slovakian Chuvach has been developed successfully into a
dog is a guard of flocks and homes. The Tibetan Kyi Apso has good house dog. This large, powerful breed retains the alertness
a characteristic springy gait, and is agile and capable of rapid and watchfulness that made it a superb defender of farms and
bursts of speed. livestock. Tactful training is needed to achieve the best results.
Low-set,
pendant ears
Tail carried High-set,
high in a curl Dense, Slightly wavy drop ears
wiry coat coat

Profusely feathered,
Strong low-set tail
hindquarters
Broad
Bearded face
forehead
Neck broad
relative
Black to body
and tan White



Short hair
on face



Kuvasz Hovawart


HEIGHT 26–30in (66–75cm) HEIGHT 23–28in (58–70cm) Blonde
WEIGHT 71–115lb (32–52kg) WEIGHT 62–99lb (28–45kg)
LIFE SPAN 10–12 years LIFE SPAN 10–14 years

Probably the oldest and best known of Hungary’s breeds, Little known as a companion dog but growing in popularity,
the Kuvasz was once used as a shepherd’s guard dog. the Hovawart’s forerunners were used as farm dogs in the 13th
The breed’s naturally protective instincts may lead to century. The modern breed was developed in Germany in the first
aggressiveness, and it takes firm training to make the half of the 20th century. Very hardy and ready to go outdoors in any
Kuvasz an acceptable house dog. weather, it is a friendly and faithful house dog. The Hovawart is not
Broad head with difficult to train but may need careful handling around other dogs.
White minimal stop

Black Dense coat
Long, extremely
muscular thighs
Skull and
Triangular, drop muzzle equal in
ears with length
rounded tips



Muscular Oval feet
neck Feathering on with arched
Coarse, wavy forelegs may toes
coat
be very long
Black
and gold


82

WORKING DOGS


Rottweiler IN SAFE HANDS


The eagerness of a Rottweiler to please its
HEIGHT WEIGHT LIFE SPAN
owner makes it an easy and rewarding dog
23–27in 84–130lb 10–11 years
to train. This quality combined with its size
(58–69cm) (38–59kg)
and strength makes it an ideal dog for law
enforcement and security work. Quick to react,
and obedient to its handler, it has sufficient
This big, burly, protective dog makes a good companion strength to restrain even the most persistent
if well socialized by an experienced owner of law breakers. Employed extensively by the
military and police in Germany during WWI,
the Rottweiler was introduced to the US
The Rottweiler is descended from dogs Today, Rottweilers are extensively used
and the UK in the 1930s. They are now the
used by Roman armies to drive cattle on by military and police forces, as guard dogs, police dog of choice in several countries.
long marches. Some of the drovers and and in search and rescue work.
their dogs settled in southern Germany, The Rottweiler has acquired an image
where the dogs were interbred with local as a vicious guard dog and an intimidating
cattle dogs. The breed was centered in the status symbol. However, despite the breed’s
livestock-trading town of Rottweil in great strength, impressive swagger, and
southern Germany, where they were used easily aroused protective responses, it is
to herd and drive cattle, hunt bear, and not naturally ill-tempered. With thoughtful
pull carts as butchers’ dogs. During the training from a firm and experienced owner
19th century these jobs died out and who is alert to potential triggers of aggression,
the breed dwindled almost to extinction. this dog makes a calm and obedient
It was revived in the early 20th century, companion. Rottweilers are more agile
particularly for work as a police dog than their size and sturdy build might suggest,
because of its guarding and fighting instinct. and appreciate plenty of vigorous exercise.



Broad head with Tan markings clearly
well-defined stop defined on head

Small, drop ears
Short, smooth,
shiny coat



Deep muzzle
with firm flews






Broad,
deep chest






Tan chest
markings
Black and tan


Tan markings
on legs










83

CATALOG OF BREEDS | WORKING DOGS


Chinese Shar-Pei




HEIGHT WEIGHT LIFE SPAN Variety of colors
18–20in 40–55lb Over 10 years
(46–51cm) (18–25kg)


A generally friendly temperament is hidden
Tail carried high
and curved over
behind this dog’s scowling face

The origins of this native Chinese breed breeding the dogs to
are not known, but dogs of this type are accentuate their wrinkled
shown on pottery dating from the Han faces, producing what the
dynasty (206BCE–220CE) and are mentioned Chinese called the meat-mouth
in manuscripts dating from the 13th century. type (as opposed to the traditional,
The Chinese Shar-Pei’s traditional jobs cleaner-faced bone-mouth form).
included herding and guarding livestock, However, breeding for excessively
hunting, and fighting; the dog’s wrinkled loose and folded facial skin caused
skin and bristly coat made it difficult for the dogs to develop entropion (a
other dogs to grab hold of the animal. (The painful condition in which the
name Shar-Pei roughly means “sandy coat,” eyelashes turn inward), and so this
referring to the rough texture of the hair). practice has now largely stopped.
During the 20th century the numbers The Chinese Shar-Pei’s amiable
dwindled almost to extinction in mainland nature and compact size make it
China, although the Shar-Pei was still suitable for a town or country home.
being bred in Hong Kong and Taiwan. The dog’s distinctive appearance
In the 1970s the includes the famous wrinkles, which
breed became are limited to the head and shoulders
popular in the on adults; a blue tongue; small,
US, and, at triangular ears; and a snub nose,
least for a which some Chinese people call a
while, owning butterfly-cookie nose. The coat
a Chinese Shar-Pei varies in length from very short
became a fashion and prickly to the touch (the horse
statement due to its coat) to slightly longer and
PUPPY rarity. People started smoother hair (the brush coat).



FIT FOR THE TASK

The similarity between dog artifacts of the
Han dynasty (206BCE–220CE) and the Shar-
Pei are very striking, despite the drop ears
and much looser, wrinkled skin of the
modern dog. It is thought that these
features were developed when the Shar-Pei
was used as a fighting dog. Small, drop ears
minimized the chance of injury, and the loose
skin prevented its adversary from getting
a firm grip, allowing the Chinese Shar-Pei
to maneuver and defend itself.




EARTHENWARE STATUE,
EASTERN HAN DYNASTY



84

WORKING DOGS


Wrinkles on
forehead give
Small, high-set, frowning expression
button ears




Typical flews
Wrinkled skin of a meat-
over shoulders mouth type
and neck

Back dips slightly
behind withers
























Short, velvety,
“horse” coat









Square, sturdily
built body



Broad
muzzle with
fleshy flews

Fawn













Loose skin on back
and legs wrinkles
when dog is seated










85

CATALOG OF BREEDS | WORKING DOGS



Beauceron Majorca Shepherd Dog


HEIGHT 25–28in (63–70cm) Gray, black, and tan HEIGHT 24–29in (62–73cm)
WEIGHT 65–85lb (29–39kg) WEIGHT 77–88lb (35–40kg)
LIFE SPAN 10–15 years May have a few white chest hairs. LIFE SPAN 11–13 years

A herding and guard dog from the flatlands of the Beauce region Comparatively rare worldwide, the Majorca Shepherd Dog
in central France, the Beauceron is an excellent worker and, in the is regarded with pride in Majorca, where it was once widely
right situation, a gentle family companion. This big, strong dog used as a shepherd dog, and is now popular as a show dog.
can be intolerant of other dogs; early training is needed to Although usually willing to obey, this breed has strong herding
minimize potential problems. instincts and can be defensive with strangers and other dogs.
Drop ears
Slightly Coarse-textured,
sloping croup short coat
Black Short coat


Tan markings
on muzzle
Small,
wide-set eyes
Wide head
Black and tan

Double dewclaws Small feet with
on hind feet arched toes
Tapering
Lower legs tail
tan in color





Taiwan Dog Mallorca Mastiff


HEIGHT 17–20in (43–52cm) Variety of colors HEIGHT 20–23in (52–58cm) Black
WEIGHT 26–40lb (12–18kg) WEIGHT 66–84lb (30–38kg)
LIFE SPAN Over 10 years LIFE SPAN 10–12 years

The Taiwan Dog, formerly known as the Formosan Mountain The Mallorca Mastiff, also known as the Ca de Bou, has a
Dog, is something of a rarity, even in its native country. It is background that includes fighting and bullbaiting. A powerful
believed to have descended from the semi-wild dogs once used for breed, it has the typical mastiff-type build and watchful nature.
hunting in the interior of Taiwan. The breed makes an intelligent When handled firmly but quietly, this dog socializes well, but it
family dog, but its hunting instincts need to be kept in check. is probably better suited to life as a guard dog rather than as a
family pet.
Brindle Black mask
High-set,
Sickle-shaped, Short, rose ears
high-set tail, hard coat Body length
profusely exceeds leg length
covered in hair

Black nose
Brindle
Erect ears Strong neck
with slight
Strong, Tucked-up dewlap
slender legs belly


Short coat Fawn






86

WORKING DOGS



Dogo Canario Dogo Argentino


HEIGHT 22–26in (56–66cm) Brindle HEIGHT 24–27in (60–68cm)
WEIGHT 88–143lb (40–65kg) WEIGHT 79–99lb (36–45kg)
LIFE SPAN 9–11 years May have white markings. LIFE SPAN 10–12 years

Bred in the Canary Islands in the early 19th century as a Originating in the 1920s in Cordoba, Argentina, the Dogo
fighting dog, the Dogo Canario is believed to include the Mastiff Argentino was the creation of a local doctor who wanted a dog
(see p.93) in its ancestry. Difficult to train and socialize, a Dogo for hunting large game. Breeding from old fighting dogs such as
Canario is manageable if the owner understands and controls mastiffs and the Bulldog (see p.95) produced this new dog. The
the dog’s dominant nature. Early socialization is essential. Dogo Argentino has a kind temperament but can be overprotective.

Darker muzzle
Tail extends Short Drop ears
to hock coat Body length
White exceeds leg length


Characteristic
slightly concave
muzzle
Square
head with
Pronounced powerful jaw
dewlap
Muscular Short coat
body
Strong
Fawn neck with
Large, round, Round feet skin folds
catlike feet
at throat




Fila Brasileiro Uruguayan Cimarron


HEIGHT 24–30in (60–75cm) Any solid color HEIGHT 22–24in (55–61cm) Fawn
WEIGHT Over 88lb (40kg) WEIGHT 73–99lb (33–45kg)
LIFE SPAN 9–11years LIFE SPAN 10–13 years Fawn coats may have black shading.

Bred to guard large estates and livestock, the Fila Brasileiro The ancestors of this breed were dogs brought into Uruguay
does not fear intruders of any kind. Huge but beautifully by Spanish and Portuguese colonists and crossed with local dog
proportioned, this dog exudes confidence and determination. breeds. Bred by farmers in the remote area of Cerro Largo, the
Although the Fila Brasileiro is kind and quiet within a family, Uruguayan Cimarron was used for guarding and herding. Like
the average owner may find the breed’s hunting and protective many working dogs, a Uruguayan Cimarron kept as a companion
instincts difficult to manage. needs an experienced owner.
Well-defined Triangular ears
Large, eyebrows with rounded tips
Short, drop ears
smooth coat
Brindle Thick tail Brindle
reaches hocks
Loose, thick Deep chest with
skin on throat
Massive, white markings
broad head
Strong,
Broad chest with powerful jaws
white markings

Forelegs
more heavily Close-fitting,
boned than short-haired coat
hind legs
Rounded,
catlike feet
White
markings
on feet

87

CATALOG OF BREEDS | WORKING DOGS



Wide-set,
Alapaha Blue Blood Bulldog flat head triangular,
Broad,
drop ears
HEIGHT 18–24in (46–61cm) White
WEIGHT 55–90lb (25–41kg)
LIFE SPAN 12–15 years. Dogs may have patches of any color.


Bulldog-type dogs were once commonly used as guards in the plantations
of southern Georgia. By the early 19th century such dogs were almost
extinct, but dedicated breeding over the next 200 years regenerated the
type and produced the Alapaha Blue Blood Bulldog. This dog is still rare
and not widely known outside the US. Muscular and intrepid, an
Alapaha Blue Blood Bulldog has strong protective instincts, but it is easy
to train to be a well behaved and affectionate companion. Energetic
outdoors, this dog is happiest when given plenty of exercise.
White with
blue merle Strong,
markings muscular body
Blue eyes

Broad chest








Short muzzle with Loose flews
Catlike feet
well-defined stop


Boerboel Spanish Mastiff


HEIGHT 22–26in (55–66cm) Variety of colors HEIGHT 28–31in (72–80cm) Any color
WEIGHT 165–198lb (75–90kg) WEIGHT 115–221lb (52–100kg)
LIFE SPAN 12–15 years May have darker face mask. LIFE SPAN 10–11 years

The Boerboel was developed from the large, mastiff-type dogs Once used for guarding livestock and homes in Spain, the
brought, from the 17th century onward, by settlers to the Cape Spanish Mastiff still carries out its traditional duties. The breed
area of South Africa. Affectionate with family and friends, the is also popular in its native country as a companion dog. Kind
Boerboel is a formidable guard dog of huge size and strength. and loyal within the family, this breed can be aggressive with
An experienced owner and early socialization are very important. strangers and other dogs.
Almond-
Characteristic Fawn shaped eyes
Strong, massive,
Thick tail tapers muscular neck square head
slightly to tip
Darker tip
to muzzle
Double dewlap

Long,
Darker muzzle bushy tail
and drop ears Drop ears
Coat has
Powerful Short, Fawn some
hind legs sleek Large, sabling
coat catlike feet







88

WORKING DOGS



St. Miguel Cattle Dog Cane Corso


HEIGHT 19–24in (48–60cm) Gray brindle HEIGHT 24–27in (60–68cm) Gray May have
WEIGHT 44–77lb (20–35kg) WEIGHT 88–110lb (40–50kg) Stag-red white markings.
LIFE SPAN About 15 years LIFE SPAN 10–11 years Brindle

Also known as the Azores Cattle Dog, this robust cattle herder Descended from Roman fighting dogs, the Cane Corso is now
and guard dog originally came from the Azorean island of São used mainly for guarding and tracking. More graceful in build than
Miguel. The breed is quiet and obedient with a trusted owner but many types of mastiff, this is nonetheless an extremely strong and
needs careful handling where children or strangers are concerned. robust breed. It can make a good house dog, but experienced
and responsible ownership is essential.
Short, Typical mastiff-
smooth coat Thick, slightly shaped head
Wide mouth curved, high-set tail
with powerful Short,
jaws Black glossy coat
Loose-hanging
flews

White markings
on chest Fawn brindle
Dark muzzle Fawn
Triangular
drop ears

Powerful body




Oval feet
PUPPY



Dogue De Bordeaux


HEIGHT 23–27in (58–68cm)
WEIGHT 99–110lb (45–50kg)
LIFE SPAN 10–12 years

This old French breed was once used for hunting and fighting.
The Dogue de Bordeaux’s instincts make it a natural guard dog Muscular,
but, lacking aggression, it is easier to train and socialize than Short, fine-haired, loose-skinned neck
soft coat
some mastiff types. Experienced handling is still necessary, Fawn
however, if this powerful and
Head furrowed
athletic dog is to fit with wrinkles
comfortably into
Brown nose
a family home.
Thick tail
carried low
at rest
Dewlap from
throat to chest



Heavily
muscled legs









89

CATALOG OF BREEDS | WORKING DOGS


Boxer




HEIGHT WEIGHT LIFE SPAN Gold
21–25in 55–71lb 10–14 years Black brindle High-set
(53–63cm) (25–32kg) White markings should not exceed a third of coat color. tail, held
upright

This clever, loyal, exuberant, and fun-loving dog is ideal
for an energetic owner who enjoys an outdoor life


Once a Boxer-owner, always a Boxer- into late maturity. Almost any sort of fun
owner—this German breed is so big on keeps a Boxer happy but, ideally, it needs
personality that few who live with it ever a good two-hour walk every day with
look at another type of dog. The Boxer plenty of room for romping around in the
in its modern form was developed in the open. At home, given its stamina and
19th century, and its ancestry is thought curiosity, a Boxer enjoys a large yard
to include mastiff-type dogs such as the where it has space to roam and
Great Dane (see p.96) and the Bulldog interesting corners to explore.
(see p.95). Powerful and athletic, it was bred This highly intelligent dog can be a
primarily for fighting and bullbaiting, but handful to train but is obedient provided
Muscular
was also used for farm work, hauling, and it receives calm and consistent commands hindquarters
for hunting and holding down large game and clear leadership. With early socializing,
such as wild boar. Because of its endurance a Boxer is likely to get along well with any
and courage, the breed is used today as a other pets in the family, although out on
police and military search and rescue dog walks its hunting instincts may
and for guard work. be aroused if there are birds
The Boxer’s history, its proud, upstanding or small animals to chase. 
attitude, and forward-thrusting jaw give
the impression of an intimidating dog,
and certainly it can be protective of home
and family, but it makes a wonderful
companion. It is loyal, affectionate,
endearingly attention-seeking, and a
boisterous but tolerant friend for children.
This energetic breed suits fit, active owners
since it keeps its high spirits and playfulness PUPPY



WHAT’S IN A NAME?

There are several stories about how the Boxer
got its name—the most charming, but also the
most unlikely, is based on the observation that
these dogs, when meeting, often stand on their
hind legs and use their front feet to push against
one another. An Englishman, upon seeing this,
said it reminded him of prize fighters sparring
and so called the dogs “Boxers.” Historically, the
dogs were used as fighting dogs and it is this fact
that is more likely to account for their name.











90

WORKING DOGS



High-set, drop ears Distinct stop
with rounded tips




Arched neck




Body square
in profile

Fawn


Short, broad
muzzle



White chest






Smooth coat








Expressive face with
dark brown eyes and
wrinkled forehead





Tucked-up belly


Lower jaw longer than
upper jaw (undershot)













White feet
and lower legs
















91

CATALOG OF BREEDS | WORKING DOGS


Neapolitan Mastiff



HEIGHT WEIGHT LIFE SPAN Variety of colors
24–30in 110–154lb Up to 10 years
(60–75cm) (50–70kg)


This canine heavyweight makes a loyal companion
HAGRID’S GIANT PET
for a responsible owner with plenty of space
In the stories about Harry Potter, the boy wizard,
Fang is a dog belonging to the half-giant Rubeus
The ancestors of this imposing breed The breed has an intimidating appearance:
Hagrid, keeper of the grounds for Hogwarts were the Molossus fighting dogs used in huge, heavy-headed, and with a stern
School. Despite his scary exterior, Hagrid has
the Roman amphitheater and as dogs of expression. Despite its heavy frame, the
a kind heart. He is noted for keeping dangerous
pets and lovingly overlooking their ferocity. Like war in the Roman armies. The armies took Neapolitan Mastiff can be quick and agile
his master, Fang looks fierce but is friendly, with the dogs with them across Europe, thus when taking action against threats to its
a bark a lot worse than his bite. Although he is giving rise to the various mastiff breeds. owners or territory. The breed is now
called a “boarhound” in the books, Neapolitan
In the area around Naples, these dogs employed by the Italian armed forces
Mastiffs were chosen for the films; their size survived as guard dogs, produced by and police force, and is used as a guard
and appearance matches Fang’s character
breeders known as Mastinari. Although dog on farms and country estates.
exactly. Fang is seen below on the red carpet
at the premiere of Harry Potter and the Half- highly prized, their numbers dwindled, The Neapolitan Mastiff can be calm,
Blood Prince held at the Gard du Nord, Paris. until, in the 1940s, they became primarily friendly, and devoted to its family, but it
known through enthusiasts, including the needs a confident and capable owner to
writer Piero Scanziani who had his own socialize it effectively. Because of its size,
breeding kennels. The dog is now honored this dog needs lots of living space and
as the national mastiff of Italy. can be expensive to maintain.


Large head with
loose-fitting skin

Drop ears set well
apart on broad skull


Deep muzzle
Gray with pendulous
flews


Tail thick at Moderate
base, tapers dewlap
to tip





Short coat with
harsh texture

















White patch
on tip of toe


92

Mastiff



HEIGHT WEIGHT LIFE SPAN Apricot
28–30in 175–190lb Under Brindle
(70–77cm) (79–86kg) 10 years May have some white on body, chest, and feet.


Strong and imposing, but calm and affectionate, this MASTIFF IN MOTION
intelligent guard dog thrives on human company
Historically, Mastiffs looked somewhat different,
One of the oldest British breeds, Pure-bred Mastiffs first appeared in being more lightly built and about 3in (10cm)
taller than the dogs seen today. This series of
the Mastiff is another breed that was the 19th century on large country estates,
pioneering photographs taken by Eadweard
developed from Molossus dogs that but by the end of World War II numbers
Muybridge in the late 19th century were part
were probably brought to Britain during had fallen drastically in Britain. The breed of his extensive study on animal locomotion.
Roman occupation. In later centuries, was revived by importing dogs from the US, It allowed people to observe how a breed like
they were the “dogs of war” mentioned and has gradually risen in popularity. the Mastiff, not known to be overly energetic,
moved. It could then be compared with athletic
in William Shakespeare’s Henry V: one Despite its violent history, the Mastiff is
dog breeds, such as the Greyhound (see p.126),
Mastiff defended its wounded owner, Sir even-tempered, amiable, and likes company,
which Muybridge also filmed running.
Piers Legh, against French soldiers during preferably human. Sheer size is probably the
the Battle of Agincourt in 1415. Mastiff- most serious drawback to housing, feeding,
like dogs were also used in medieval Britain and exercising this breed. It is intelligent and
for guarding homes and protecting livestock trainable, but needs an owner with the
from wolves, as well as in dogfighting, experience and physical strength to exert
bullbaiting, and bearbaiting. When these firm control and ensure that its guarding
sports were banned the breed declined. instinct does not get out of hand.



Small, flat, black ears,
set high on head
Long, broad body
Wide-set,
Fawn
small eyes

Black muzzle


Forehead wrinkles
when alert
Pendulous
flews



Short coat,
thickest over neck
and shoulders




Straight,
big-boned legs















93

CATALOG OF BREEDS | WORKING DOGS



Bullmastiff Broholmer


HEIGHT 24–27in (61–69cm) Red HEIGHT 28–30in (70–75cm) Black
WEIGHT 90–130lb (41–59kg) Brindle WEIGHT 88–154lb (40–70kg)
LIFE SPAN Under 10 years LIFE SPAN 6–11 years

A cross between the Old English Mastiff and the Bulldog Historically a hunting dog, and later a farm guard
(opposite), the Bullmastiff was developed to be a gamekeeper’s dog, the Broholmer is now almost exclusively kept
guard dog. With a more reliable temperament than many other at home. The breed had all but disappeared by the
mastiff types, this breed makes an intelligent and faithful house mid-20th century but was revived and “reconstructed”
dog. The Bullmastiff’s square and solid frame houses a lively by enthusiasts, though it is rarely seen outside its Darker
muzzle
spirit and boundless energy. native Denmark.
Thick,
Fawn muscular
High-set tail, neck
broad at base,
tapers to hocks Short, flat coat
Low-set,
broad tail Slightly
Large, heavy, pendulous
Dark ears set high broad head flews
and wide apart
White
markings White
on chest marking
Short, flat coat Golden-red on chest




Black
muzzle



Tosa


HEIGHT 22–24in (55–60cm) Fawn
WEIGHT 82–198lb (37–90kg) Black
LIFE SPAN Over 10 years Brindle

The Tosa was developed from progressive crossbreeding
between Japanese fighting dogs and Western breeds such
as the Bulldog (opposite), Mastiff (see p.93), and Great Short coat
Dane (see p.96). Very large, strongly built, and possessing
a latent fighting instinct, the Tosa is considered to be a
dog that should only be owned by expert handlers.

Thick,
tapering tail






Red Small,
white
Dewlap marking
on neck











94

Bulldog



HEIGHT WEIGHT LIFE SPAN Variety of colors
15–16in 51–55lb Under 10
(38–40cm) (23–25kg) years


Full of character, this dog has become the symbol THE ENGLISH BULLDOG
for courage, determination, and tenacity
The Bulldog has come to exemplify traditional
A traditional British breed, the Bulldog minimizing the aggression in their nature, Englishness. The 18th-century fictional character
John Bull, made famous by cartoonists such as
has descended from small Mastiffs. The so the modern breed is very different from
James Gillray, was shown with a Bulldog by his
name comes from the dog’s original use in its fierce predecessor.
side; both man and dog stood for the plain,
bullbaiting, during which the dog would The Bulldog is now known as a honest Englishman who was fond of his food
attack the bull from below and hang on to its good-natured and lovable companion. and not averse to a fight. The tenacious bulldog
nose or throat. The wide head and protruding It does have a stubborn streak as well as spirit became associated with World Wars I
and II (shown below in a WWI postcard), and is
lower jaw gave the Bulldog its legendary grip, a protective instinct, and these traits need
perhaps most closely linked with Prime Minister
while the position of the nose, tipped back to be handled with tact, although they
Winston Churchill and his speech in 1940
behind the mouth, allowed the dog to keep rarely develop into aggression. With a rousing the embattled nation to defend itself
breathing without relaxing its bite. squat and massively muscled body, against its enemies.
Bullbaiting was banned in Britain in wrinkled head, and upturned nose, this
1835, but from the mid-19th century the breed has character rather than beauty.
dogs began to be featured in the show ring. Despite its waddling gait, the Bulldog
Breeders started producing dogs with needs plenty of exercise to prevent it from
more exaggerated physical features while gaining too much weight.





Sloping, muscular
shoulders
Smooth White
coat and fawn Coat has fawn
Distinctive markings
upturned nose
High-set,
rose ears




Thick,
pendant
lips




Lower jaw longer
than upper jaw
(undershot)




Broad, round,
deep chest
Hind legs longer Thick, short forelegs
than forelegs
set wide apart









95

CATALOG OF BREEDS | WORKING DOGS
































































































96

WORKING DOGS


Great Dane A HERO NAMED

SCOOBY DOO

HEIGHT WEIGHT LIFE SPAN Blue The cartoon dog Scooby Doo is the hero of
28–30in 101–120lb Under Black a long-running TV series created by Hanna-
(71–76cm) (46–54kg) 10 years Brindle Barbera. His creator, artist Iwao Takamoto,
was inspired by a woman he knew who bred
Great Danes. After she had described to him
A colossal but gentle and affectionate family pet, this dog
the ideal pedigree dog, Takamoto comically
is easy to maintain but needs plenty of room distorted these features to create a gangling,
chicken-hearted character with a dopey face.
Yet despite being frightened of everything,
Sometimes called “the Apollo of dogs” Guinness World Record for being the tallest
Scooby Doo and his hapless human friend
after the Greek god, the Great Dane exhibits dog in the world. The record holder in 2012,
Shaggy (below) rescue their friends and defeat
elegance and dignity with tall stature, to a dog named Zeus, was measured at 3ft 8in
villains, triumphing every time!
make for a truly impressive animal. In fact, (1.12m) from the ground to his withers—
dogs resembling the Great Dane can be seen the same height as a child’s pony.
in ancient Egyptian and ancient Greek art. Despite its imposing appearance, the
The modern breed first appeared in the 18th easy-going Great Dane is a gentle giant,
century in Germany—not Denmark, as its usually friendly toward people and other
name suggests—where it was developed animals. These dogs need a lot of human
to hunt bear and wild boar. The original company, and can be costly to keep, but are
German boarhounds, thought to have been rewarding family pets. They are content to
a mixture of mastiff-type dogs and Irish be house dogs, provided there is enough
Wolfhounds, were crossed with Greyhounds space for them to move around freely and lie
to create a tall, agile, long-striding dog, comfortably. They are also effective guard
with the speed and strength to bring dogs. The Great Dane needs plenty of
down large quarry. exercise, but young pups should not be
Great Danes are one allowed to run around too
of the tallest of all dog much—their fast-
breeds, and several growing bones cannot
individuals have held the cope with the strain. Triangular,
drop ears



Long, arched neck
PUPPY with no loose skin Broad muzzle
Deep, long Dark shading
body on head
and ears







Harlequin




Slightly
tucked-up belly

Straight
Fawn forelegs





Catlike feet





97

Pulling together
A team of Siberian Huskies plows
effortlessly through deep snow. With an
experienced handler, these hardy and
tireless dogs work together superbly.