(DK) The Dog Encyclopedia

SPITZ-TYPE DOGS

























SPITZ-TYPE





DOGS








A team of huskies pulling a sled over icy wastelands epitomizes the type of dog known as a Spitz.
In fact, this group has diverse uses, including herding, hunting, and guarding; many smaller types

are kept solely as pets. Descent from wolves is apparent in most spitz-type dogs: the shape of the
head, the typical wolf coloring, and an alert expression.




Many of the modern spitz-type dogs and not infrequently ended up being Spitz dogs, both large and small, have
seen today originated centuries ago eaten themselves when the explorers ran the characteristics of animals bred
in Arctic regions, although a number, out of rations. Such spitz-type sled dogs specifically for living in extremely cold
including the Chow Chow (see p.112) were also once widely used by North climates. Typically, they have a very
and Akita (see p.111), come from East American hunters and fur trappers. thick double coat, which varies in
Asia. The more ancient history of the Today the sled-hauling spitz breeds are length and density according to the
spitz group remains uncertain. One popular for endurance racing and with origin of a breed. Other features
theory currently being explored is that tourists who want to try their hand at for preventing heat loss in low
spitz-type dogs all have their earliest dog-driving. Other spitz dogs have been temperatures are small, pointed,
origins in Asia, some migrating bred for hunting large game such as furry ears, and heavily furred feet. An
alongside tribal movements into wolf and bear, and for herding caribou. attractive addition to many breeds is
Africa and others across the Bering The Akita, originally from Japan, was the distinctive “spitz” tail that curls
Strait to North America. developed as a fighter and bear hunter upward over the back.
Breeds such as the Greenland Dog and now often works as a guard dog. As house dogs, most spitz breeds
(see p.100) and Siberian Husky (see Among the small, nonworking spitz are happy with family life, but
p.101) were used most famously for dogs are the Pomeranian (see p.118), they are not the easiest of dogs to
sled-hauling by the polar explorers of selectively bred down in size from train. Without sufficient exercise
the 19th and early 20th centuries. These a larger type of dog, and the newly and amusement they can resort to
tough dogs worked in appalling weather created Alaskan Klee Kai (see p.104), disruptive behavior such as digging
conditions, often on a diet of poor food, a miniature husky. holes and barking.




99

CATALOG OF BREEDS | SPITZ-TYPE DOGS


Greenland Dog POLAR EXPLORER


The Greenland Dog has played a vital role in
HEIGHT WEIGHT LIFE SPAN
expeditions to the North and South Poles. The
20–27in 60–106lb Over 10 years Any color
explorers Robert Peary (1856–1920) and Roald
(51–68cm) (27–48kg)
Amundsen (1872–1928) used the sled dogs and
handling methods of indigenous Arctic peoples.
Amundsen (below) took Greenland Dogs on
This friendly dog has great strength and endurance and his attempt to conquer the South Pole in 1911,
loves outdoor action but needs firm handling and 11 of these survived to reach the Pole with
him. Greenland Dogs were used for working
on Antarctic bases until they were banned from
The classic sled dog of polar expeditions, a sled, they are hitched on separate lines
Antarctica as a non-native species in 1992.
the Greenland Dog was used by indigenous so that each dog can pick its own way
peoples long before European and American across the terrain.
explorers discovered its worth. Dogs of this The Greenland Dog needs careful
type were brought to Greenland from Siberia training and handling because it is both
with migrating people 5,000 years ago. powerful and stubborn, and has a strong
The dogs need endurance to work hard drive for dominance (although more with
in temperatures as low as -69°F (-56°C) other dogs than with people). The breed
and are trained to pull sleds of up to 1,000lb also needs physical and mental challenges
(450kg). The hunters also train their dogs to keep it busy, so does best in the hands
to hunt seals and walruses and even take of an experienced owner. With the right
on polar bears. The animals work as a pack owner, the Greenland Dog is a cheerful
but semi-independently: when pulling extrovert and affectionate companion.



Bushy tail curls
loosely over back
Small, erect,
Black and fawn
wide-set ears


Lighter
markings
on face





Muscular,
compact body








Thick, weatherproof,
double coat

Hair forms long
breeches on
hindquarters
Large feet
with thick hair
Sturdy, heavily between toes
boned legs










100

SPITZ-TYPE DOGS


Siberian Husky BALTO—A DOGSLED HERO


Born in 1919, Balto was originally bred for
HEIGHT WEIGHT LIFE SPAN
dogsled racing in Alaska, but in 1925 relay
20–24in 35–60lb Over 10 years Any color
teams of sled dogs were urgently needed to
(51–60cm) (16–27kg)
help carry diphtheria vaccine from Anchorage
to Nome to prevent an epidemic. Balto led
the last team, braving a fierce blizzard and a
This versatile and sociable dog enjoys being a part of a freezing river to cover the final leg and deliver
human “pack,” but its urge to chase needs to be controlled the vaccine safely. The team received a hero’s
welcome from the press. A statue of Balto
was erected in Central Park, New York City,
Long used as a sled dog by the Chukchi Siberian Huskies make peaceable, lovable
and a Hollywood movie was made
people of northeastern Siberia, the Siberian companions but need plenty of exercise. about his deeds.
Husky has great endurance and an appetite They are independent-minded, and their
for work. The thick double coat protects instinct to pull means that they need
against extreme cold; at night the dog careful training on the leash. Siberian
uses its bushy tail to keep its face warm. Huskies have a strong pack instinct and
In 1908 Huskies from Siberia were need to be with both people and other
introduced to Alaska for dogsled racing, dogs. They tend to see small animals as
BALTO
notably the 408-mile (657-km) All-Alaska prey, so owners should socialize their STATUE,
NEW YORK
Sweepstakes. In 1930 the Soviets stopped puppy with other pets early on. The coat
the export of Siberian Huskies, but that should be groomed once or twice a week.
year the American Kennel Club recognized
the breed. The Siberian Husky proved itself
in polar expeditions, and in the US Army’s
Arctic Search and Rescue Unit during
World War II. The breed remains popular
in sports such as dogsled racing. Foxlike
head Triangular, erect,
high-set ears

Arched neck


Slightly Wolf-gray
sloping
croup








Thick, medium-
length coat











Powerful,
muscular thighs Long,
bushy tail










101

CATALOG OF BREEDS | SPITZ-TYPE DOGS
































































































102

SPITZ-TYPE DOGS


Alaskan Malamute WORTH THEIR WEIGHT
IN GOLD


HEIGHT WEIGHT LIFE SPAN Variety of colors During the 1896–99 Klondike Gold Rush,
23–28in 84–123lb 12–15 years prospectors would pay huge prices, up
(58–71cm) (38–56kg) All dogs have white underparts. to $1,500, for a team of Malamute dogs to
transport their equipment from supply towns
such as Skagway and Dawson City to the gold
A large, sled-pulling dog that can adapt well to family fields. Each man was required to carry enough
life given sufficient space and exercise supplies to last him for one year, including
1,000lb (454kg) of food. In winter a team of
Malamutes could haul half a ton of equipment
The wolflike Alaskan Malamute is socializing can quickly become aggressive.
over the snow-covered terrain in subzero
named after the Native American Mahlemut The breed also has a strong chasing
temperatures. In summer, used as pack animals,
people who bred these dogs to pull heavy instinct and can disappear far and fast they could carry a 50lb (23kg) load over a
loads and travel great distances across in pursuit of small animals that it sees distance of 20 miles (32km).
the snow when sleds were the only mode as prey. Owners should be cautious about
of transport. Today it is still used to haul where and when to exercise this dog off
freight in remote North American locations, the leash. A quick learner, the Alaskan
and successfully takes part in dogsled Malamute has a strong will, so needs
racing competitions. Also used on polar firm handling and training in good
expeditions, this breed has staggering habits right from the start.
amounts of stamina, strength, and The Alaskan Malamute settles well into
tenacity combined with a highly tuned domestic life as long as it has at least two
sense of direction and smell. hours of exercise each day and a yard to roam
For all its toughness, the Alaskan in. A bored dog, with energy to spare, can be
Malamute is a friendly dog, at least toward destructive if left at home without
people, which means that it cannot be relied supervision. Although its thick coat sheds
on as a guard dog. It likes children but is in spring, there is a risk of overheating if
too big and boisterous to be left alone the dog is overexercised in hot weather,
with a small child. The Alaskan Malamute, and so needs access to shade. The hardy
especially the male, tends to be intolerant Alaskan Malamute is happy to sleep
of strange dogs, and without thorough outdoors, provided it has a companion. Erect, triangular ears Slight furrow
with rounded tips and between eyes
furry inner surfaces
Furry tail curls
up over back

Wolf-gray



Black nose





Thicker hair
around neck
PUPPY






Heavily Thick, coarse outer
muscled coat over oily,
thighs woolly, deep undercoat White predominates
on underbody







103

CATALOG OF BREEDS | SPITZ-TYPE DOGS


Alaskan Klee Kai



HEIGHT WEIGHT LIFE SPAN Any color
Toy: Up to 13in (33cm) Toy: Up to 9lb (4kg) Over 10 years
Miniature: 13–15in (33–38cm) Miniature: 9–15lb (4–7kg)
Standard: 15–17in (38–44cm) Standard: 15–22lb (7–10kg)


This energetic and inquisitive mini husky is confident
A NEW BREED
with owners but wary of strangers
This companion Spitz was created in Alaska by
Linda Spurlin and her family. The family mated
Alaskan and Siberian huskies with small dogs to This miniature version of the Siberian It is highly intelligent and curious,
create a mini husky and gave their new breed Husky (see p.101) was developed in the so enjoys obedience and agility contests,
the name Klee Kai, derived from Inuit words 1970s to be a house dog. The Alaskan Klee and some Alaskan Klee Kais have been
meaning little dog. Although the Alaskan Klee Kai Kai is found in three sizes: toy, miniature, trained as therapy dogs.
remains rare, the breed has been recognized by and standard. There are two forms of coat: The Alaskan Klee Kai fits well in a
some organizations and there are now breeders’
groups in the US and several other countries. standard (short) and full (slightly longer modest-sized home but, like its larger
and thicker). relative, has a great deal of energy and
The Alaskan Klee Kai appreciates needs plenty of exercise, including a long
company and likes to be treated as a pack walk each day, to stay in good physical
member within a family. However, unlike and mental health. In addition, it is highly
its larger Husky cousins, it is reserved with vocal, especially when “talking” to its
strangers, so requires careful training and family (this trait also makes Alaskan Klee
early socializing. Any children in the family Kais good watchdogs). The dogs molt
need to be taught to treat the dog gently, twice a year, and the full-coated type
as the Alaskan Klee Kai can snap if teased. needs regular grooming.

Distinct stop

Triangular,
erect ears
Dense,
moderately
long coat
Heavy-coated,
brushlike tail

Eyes of
this dog
are
different
colors
Tapering
muzzle


Characteristic
facial mask


Black
and white

Wolf-gray

MINIATURE, STANDARD,
STANDARD COAT STANDARD COAT
Lighter-colored
underparts







104

SPITZ-TYPE DOGS



Canadian Eskimo Dog


HEIGHT 20–28in (50–70cm) Any color
WEIGHT 40–88lb (18–40kg)
LIFE SPAN Over 10 years Any markings allowed.

One of the oldest breeds of sled dog in the world, the Canadian Tail carried up or Short, straight,
curled over back muscular neck
Eskimo Dog, or Inuit Dog, is built for survival in the harshest
conditions. This breed has a natural instinct for running
with a pack and enjoys company, either canine or human.
Training should be firm, ideally with
plenty of fun.
Thick coat Short hair
has coarse lines ears
outer hairs


Deep,
broad chest



Powerful Piebald
jaws


Large, round,
arched feet







Chinook Karelian Bear Dog


HEIGHT 22–26in (55–66cm) HEIGHT 20–22in (52–57cm)
WEIGHT 55–71lb (25–32kg) WEIGHT 44–51lb (20–23kg)
LIFE SPAN 10–15 years LIFE SPAN 10–12 years

Developed as a sled dog at the beginning of the 20th century Developed in Finland, this fearless hunting dog was bred to
in the US, the Chinook is the result of various crosses between challenge big game, particularly bear and elk. The Karelian
mastiffs, the Greenland Dog (see p.100), and shepherd dogs. Bear Dog has a strong fighting instinct, which does not turn into
Active but gentle-natured, this is a fun-loving breed and aggression against people but may cause problems with other dogs.
makes an excellent all-around family dog. This breed is unlikely to settle well into domestic life.

Thicker hair
on neck
Well–defined Medium-
thigh muscles length coat Straight,
coarse-textured,
outer coat
V-shaped ears,
slightly darker
than body Well-defined
white markings


Black and
Ruff of white
Sandy longer hair Slightly
around neck tucked-up
belly
Oval feet with
webbed toes




105

CATALOG OF BREEDS | SPITZ-TYPE DOGS


Samoyed




HEIGHT WEIGHT LIFE SPAN
18–22in 35–66lb Over 12 years
(46–56cm) (16–30kg)


This strikingly attractive dog has a high-maintenance coat, Long, bushy tail
carried over
but its cheerful disposition makes it an excellent family pet back, falls to
one side

Developed by the nomadic Samoyedic This dog craves company and likes to be kept
people of Siberia, this beautiful dog was occupied mentally and physically. Intelligent
used for herding and guarding reindeer and spirited, a bored or lonely Samoyed will
and for sled-hauling. Although a tough, resort to mischief—whether it is digging
outdoor worker, it was also very much a holes or finding a way to escape through a
family dog, taking its place in its owner’s fence. The breed responds well to thoughtful
tent and enjoying human companionship. handling, but training requires patience and
These dogs were brought to England in persistence on the part of its owner.
the 1800s and were first seen in the US Daily grooming is essential to keep
around a decade later. Numerous myths the Samoyed’s magnificent, stand-out
and unsubstantiated stories link the coat in order and maintain its distinctive
Samoyeds to the polar expeditions of silvery sheen. Seasonal shedding of the
the late 19th and early 20th centuries, undercoat can be very heavy but, except
but it appears likely that this breed in very warm conditions, normally
was included among sled teams taken occurs only once a year.
to the Antarctic during the heyday of
polar exploration.
The modern Samoyed retains the
sociable and easygoing temperament that
made it so valued as part of a nomadic
family. Behind the smiling expression
characteristic of the breed is an affectionate
nature and a desire to be friends with
everyone. However, the Samoyed retains
the watchdog instincts for which it was
bred. Although never aggressive, it will
bark at anything that arouses its suspicion. PUPPY



THE NOMADS’ COMPANION

Traditionally, the Samoyed dog has played a
central part in the lives of its Siberian owners,
and for some remote communities it still does
today (right). The nomads depended on their
dogs for guarding their reindeer herds and
encampments. These working dogs were also
members of the family; Samoyeds were allowed
free access to the choom (family tent), shared
the family’s food, and would sleep with the
children to keep them warm. The Samoyedic
people revered their dogs, and in return the
dogs developed a notable gentleness and
sympathy toward humans.





106

SPITZ-TYPE DOGS


Erect, round-tipped ears Dark eyes rimmed
thickly lined with hair with black









Muscular, broad back













Ruff of longer,
denser hair
around neck





White








Broad, wedge-
shaped head



















Thick, soft coat Typical smiling
with silver-tipped expression
outer hairs


Feathering on
back of front legs
















107

CATALOG OF BREEDS | SPITZ–TYPE DOGS



West Siberian Laika East Siberian Laika


HEIGHT 20–24in (51–62cm) Variety of colors HEIGHT 21–25in (53–64cm) White
WEIGHT 40–49lb (18–22kg) WEIGHT 40–51lb (18–23kg) Karamis
LIFE SPAN 10–12 years LIFE SPAN 10–12 years Piebald

Bred for hunting in the forests of Siberia, this handsome The popularity of this Russian hunting dog is widespread in its
dog is very popular in its native country. The breed is strong own country and also reaches into Scandinavia. Bred for work, the
and confident and eager to follow game, either large or small. East Siberian Laika is tough, active, and confident. Although it has
Although the West Siberian Laika has a steady temperament, a strong instinct for following big game, it is controllable,
its readiness to hunt makes it unsuitable as steady-tempered, and
a house dog for most families. friendly with people.
Straight coat with
Coat on neck and lighter woolly
Tail carried shoulders forms underlayer
in tight curl longer collar
over back
Erect ears
High-set ears thickly lined
held erect with hair
Sable
Sandy Broad head



Long, muscular Sable White
upper forelegs black legs with
Feet with hair darker
between toes speckles







Russian-European Laika Finnish Spitz


HEIGHT 19–23in (48–58cm) White HEIGHT 15–20in (39–50cm)
WEIGHT 44–51lb (20–23kg) Black WEIGHT 31–35lb (14–16kg)
LIFE SPAN 10–12 years LIFE SPAN 12–15 years

This Laika was only acknowledged as a distinct breed in Finland’s national dog was bred for hunting small game and is still
the early 1940s. Strong but lean-limbed, the Russian-European used for sports in Scandinavia. With its pert, foxlike appearance,
Laika has been used mainly for hunting in Russia’s northern luxuriant coat, and enthusiasm for play, the Finnish Spitz makes
forests. A steady worker, this dog is excellent when Black an appealing family pet. The breed has a tendency Small,
used for its traditional purpose but does not adapt nose to bark a great deal; this should be discouraged pointed
well to a domestic lifestyle. at an early age. ears
Coat has sparsely
Tail carried distributed black hair Square,
over back strong body
Hair on hind
legs forms Bushy tail
breeches
Narrow, Foxlike
triangular head with
head narrow muzzle
Black
Reddish
brown
Harsh-textured
Muscled, coat with white Lightly
slender legs markings colored
underparts






108

SPITZ–TYPE DOGS



Finnish Lapphund Lapponian Herder


HEIGHT 17–19in (44–49cm) Any color HEIGHT 18–20in (46–51cm)
WEIGHT 33–53lb (15–24kg) WEIGHT Up to 66lb (30kg)
LIFE SPAN 12–15 years LIFE SPAN 11–12 years

Developed from the dogs used as caribou herders and guards Originally bred from Finnish Lapphunds (left), German
by the Sami people of Lapland, the Finnish Lapphund is enjoying Shepherd Dogs (see p.42), and working collies, this dog was
growing popularity, both in Finland and elsewhere. Affectionate recognized as a separate breed in the 1960s. The Lapponian
and faithful, this adaptable breed is willing to work, but is equally Herder, or Lapinporokoira, is still kept for work by caribou
happy as a family pet and watchdog. hunters, and sometimes as a house dog. This breed has
a calm and friendly nature.
Erect ears lined
Profusely
long-haired tail Black with dense hair
Dense coat Black
Long, Fairly
dense coat wide-set, oval,
Dark dark eyes
brown
Erect Tan
ears markings
Thick mane,
especially
in males Tan
markings
Oval feet covered on deep
Feathering on Well arched, with thick hair
back of front legs oval feet chest






Swedish Lapphund Swedish Elkhound


HEIGHT 16–20in (40–51cm) Brown Black and brown HEIGHT 20–26in (52–65cm)
WEIGHT 42–46lb (19–21kg) May have white mark on chest, feet, WEIGHT Up to 66lb (30kg)
LIFE SPAN 9–15 years and tip of tail. LIFE SPAN 12–13 years

Similar to the Finnish Lapphund (above) in all but color, Developed in Sweden’s northern forest regions, this large,
the Swedish Lapphund was once used as a caribou herder by the upstanding dog, also known as the Jämthund, was once kept for
nomadic Sami people. This breed is popular in Sweden as a house hunting elk, bear, and lynx. Popular with Sweden’s military forces,
dog but remains uncommon elsewhere. It enjoys company and this breed is the country’s national dog. Although
tends to bark if left alone for long periods. good with families, the Swedish Elkhound needs
careful handling when around other dogs or pets.
Long-haired, bushy
tail curled over back Dense coat
stands out Gray
from body Dense
topcoat
Erect ears
set well apart High-set,
erect ears
lined with
Wedge- thick hair
shaped
head Wolflike
head
Characteristic
lighter
markings
Cream
undercoat
Strong
oval feet
Black
Compact,
oval feet


109

CATALOG OF BREEDS | SPITZ-TYPE DOGS



Norwegian Elkhound Black Norwegian


HEIGHT 19–20in (49–52cm) Elkhound
WEIGHT 44–51lb (20–23kg)
LIFE SPAN 12–15 years
HEIGHT 17–19in (43–49cm)
WEIGHT 40–60lb (18–27kg)
Believed to have existed in Scandinavia for many LIFE SPAN 12–15 years
hundreds of years, the Norwegian Elkhound was
once used for tracking game, and is sturdy enough This breed is a smaller, rarer version of the
Pointed ears
for sled hauling. Impervious to cold and wet Clearly gray-coated Norwegian Elkhound (left). Originally with wide base
weather, this dog likes to be outdoors. defined bred for tracking game, it is versatile enough to be
stop on
The breed has a strong hunting instinct head a sled dog, herder, watchdog, or family companion.
and needs patient training. It tends to bark readily but
Short,
compact body can be taught to stop
Solid black
on command.
Tightly curled
tail carried high
Short, thick tail
curls over back
Thick ruff
around Tapering
neck Broad top of head muzzle

Gray
Weatherproof
Black-tipped
hairs on parts coat
Black of outer coat
muzzle





Hokkaido Dog


HEIGHT 18–20in (46–52cm) Variety of colors
WEIGHT 44–66lb (20–30kg)
LIFE SPAN 11–13 years

Dogs of this type were brought to Thick tail Strong,
curled
the Japanese island of Hokkaido by the over back straight back
migrating Ainu people (Ainu Dog is
the breed’s alternative name). Although
medium-sized, the Hokkaido Dog
was bold and tough enough to
hunt bear. Careful training and
socializing can make this dog Smallish, dark,
a good companion and triangular eyes
home guardian.
Muscular
neck
Coarse, straight coat Sesame














110

Akita




HEIGHT WEIGHT LIFE SPAN Any color
American: 24–28in (61–71cm) American: 65–115lb (29–52kg) 10–12 years
Japanese: 23–28in (58–70cm) Japanese: 75–99lb (34–45kg)


This strong dog has a variable temperament and requires THE FAITHFUL HACHI-KO
experienced handling to avoid wayward behavior
Born in 1923, Hachi-ko was an Akita Inu. Each
This big, powerful breed is descended and these formed the basis of the American day when his owner, Professor Ueno, went to
work, Hachi-ko accompanied him to Tokyo’s
from hunting dogs bred in the rugged Akita, which is the breed now known
Shibuya Station, then waited all day to walk
Akita Prefecture, on the island of Honshu as Akita today. The American Akita is
home with him. In 1925 Professor Ueno died
in Japan, to hunt large quarry such as deer, recognized in many countries as a separate at work. Hachi-ko waited for him—for more than
bear, and wild boar. The Japanese Akita, breed from the Akita Inu, and is larger and 10 years. He became a national hero for his
or Akita Inu, was first developed in the more imposing than its Japanese forebear. loyalty, and when he died, Japan held a day of
mourning. A statue of Hachi-ko was erected at
19th century as a fighting and hunting The Akita is a substantial and strikingly
Shibuya Station (below), and each year a
dog. The breed is a national treasure of handsome dog. It has a quiet dignity, is
ceremony is held to honor him.
Japan, and the dogs are seen as symbols loyal and protective toward its human
of good luck. family, and is especially good with children.
The first Akita Inu was brought to the However, it tends to be domineering with
US in 1937 by Helen Keller. American other dogs. This breed needs an experienced
servicemen returning home after World owner and clear rules set at a young age to
War II brought more Akitas with them, prevent bad behavior.





Thick, bushy tail
curls over back




Fawn Black overlay
Triangular,
Black erect ears
face mask

Deep,
wide chest Red-fawn
White markings












Coarse outer coat
stands away from body
Well developed
muscular White chest markings
hindquarters
extend down to feet
AMERICAN AKITA JAPANESE AKITA INU







111

CATALOG OF BREEDS | SPITZ-TYPE DOGS

SPITZ-TYPE DOGS


Chow Chow THE PET THERAPY

PIONEER

HEIGHT WEIGHT LIFE SPAN Cream Blue Today many different dogs are used as “therapy
18–22in 46–71lb 8–12 years Fawn Black dogs” to comfort troubled or stressed people. The
(46–56 cm) (21–32kg) All colors may be shaded but not in patches first canine therapy assistant was a Chow Chow
named Jo-Fi, who worked with the father of
This handsome dog with a coat like a teddy bear is loyal psychoanalysis himself: Sigmund Freud (below, in
Austria c.1935). During therapy sessions, Jo-Fi
to its owner but can be reserved with strangers would remain in the room with Freud and was
given clues to the clients’ mental state. Jo-Fi
Dogs of this type have been known in China in Chinese is actually Songshi Quan, often would stay close to quiet or depressed people,
but move away from those who were tense.
for at least 2,000 years; one bas-relief carving translated as “puffy lion dog.” Larger
Freud noted that Jo-Fi had a calming, reassuring
from about 150BCE shows hunters with dogs numbers were imported to the UK in the late
influence on his clients, particularly children.
resembling Chow Chows. The dogs’ original 19th century, and when Queen Victoria
uses included hunting birds, guarding obtained one, their popularity was assured.
livestock, and, in winter, pulling sleds. In The dogs were first shown in the US in 1890
addition, some of these dogs were raised as but were not popular there until the 1920s.
a source of meat and fur. They were prized The Chow Chow is now usually kept as a
by emperors and the nobility; in the 8th pet. Rather aloof in nature, the breed is
century CE one Tang dynasty devoted to its family but may be wary of
emperor had 5,000 chowlike strangers. It can have a dominant character,
dogs in his kennels. so needs firm training and early socializing.
The first few dogs It requires only moderate exercise but benefits
reached the West in the from the mental stimulation of a daily walk.
late 18th century. They The breed is notable for its thick coat and
acquired the name Chow lionlike ruff, its furrowed face, and its
Chow in England, where blue-black tongue. There are two varieties:
the term simply referred to rough-coated with an immensely thick,
curios brought back from upstanding coat, and smooth-coated, with
East Asia. The breed’s name short, dense hair.
PUPPY


Profuse coat stands
out from body Distinctive stop



Small, thick,
rounded,
erect ears



Blue-black
tongue


Characteristic
scowling
expression


Red


Lighter hair on
back of legs
ROUGH-COATED


Small, round feet



113

CATALOG OF BREEDS | SPITZ-TYPE DOGS



Shikoku Korean Jindo


HEIGHT 18–20in (46–52cm) Sesame and black sesame HEIGHT 18–21in (46–53cm) White
WEIGHT 35–57lb (16–26kg) WEIGHT 20–51lb (9–23kg) Red
LIFE SPAN 10–12 years LIFE SPAN 12–15 years Black and tan

Once used as a boar hunter in remote mountain regions of Named after the Korean island of Jindo where it originated,
Japan, the Shikoku remained largely inaccessible for crossbreeding. the breed is popular in Korea but something of a rarity elsewhere.
As a result, this breed is very true to its origins. Resilient, agile, Used to hunt game, both large and small, the Korean Jindo’s
and keen to chase other animals, the Shikoku is challenging to keen instinct for chasing other animals may be difficult to curb.
train but forms a close bond with people it loves and trusts.
Fawn
Firmly erect ears Stiff hairs stand
Typical spitz tail away from body
Red sesame
Longer coat on
backs of thighs
Erect, pointed
Dark eyes have ears lined with
keen expression dense hairs
Muscular,
thick neck
Tucked-up Thicker
Powerful Deep belly hair on
hindquarters chest neck

Rounded,
catlike feet






Shiba Inu Kai


HEIGHT 15–16in (37–40cm) White Black and tan HEIGHT 19–21in (48–53cm) Range of red brindles
WEIGHT 15–24lb (7–11kg) Red dogs may have a black overlay WEIGHT 24–55lb (11–25kg)
LIFE SPAN 12–15 years (red sesame). LIFE SPAN 12–15 years

Japan’s smallest hunting dog, the Shiba Inu is a national One of the oldest and purest of Japan’s native dog breeds, the Kai
treasure and has been known in its native country for hundreds was given the status of national treasure in 1934. An active and
of years. Bold and lively, the Shiba Inu makes a happy athletic hunter, used to running in packs, this dog may settle
family dog, but can be unreliable if not socialized early reasonably well into being a home companion but is not
on, and needs to have its recommended for a novice owner.
Red
hunting instinct Strong,
Coarse-haired thick neck
controlled outdoors. coat
High-set tail carried
curved over back Brindle
Longer-haired tail
carried in high curl
Erect ears
Small, triangular ears incline slightly
incline slightly forward forward
Head broad
with well-defined
stop and tapering
muzzle
Whitish Coat changes
undermarkings
from solid color to
brindle as
Rounded, dog matures
catlike feet





114

SPITZ-TYPE DOGS



Kishu Japanese Spitz


HEIGHT 18–20in (46–52cm) HEIGHT 12–15in (30–37cm)
WEIGHT 29–60lb (13–27kg) WEIGHT 11–22lb (5–10kg)
LIFE SPAN 11–13 years LIFE SPAN Over 12 years

Now rare but much prized, the Kishu was possibly bred Although the Japanese Spitz looks like a miniature version of the
hundreds of years ago for hunting large game in Japan’s Samoyed (see p.106), there is no evidence that the two have a common
Erect ears
mountainous Kyushu region. A national treasure, this incline descent. The breed was developed in Japan, and the popularity of
dog is quiet and faithful but can be a handful as a forward this bright and energetic little dog has spread worldwide. Persistent
companion because of its strong instinct to chase. barking is characteristic but can be controlled with training.
Short, straight, Some longer
well-muscled back black hairs Pure white Long mane covers
Thick, fringed neck and shoulders
tail carried in
curl over back
Profuse,
long coat

Small ears
carried erect
White
Short,
straight,
coarse coat


Red
White markings on
feet and lower legs Small,
round,
Small, catlike
round, feet
black nose


Eurasier Italian Volpino


HEIGHT 19–24in (48–60cm) Any color HEIGHT 10–12in (25–30cm) Red
WEIGHT 40–71lb (18–32kg) Coats should not be all white, liver, WEIGHT 9–11lb (4–5kg)
LIFE SPAN Over 12 years or with white patches. LIFE SPAN Up to 16 years

A modern and still rare breed, the Eurasier was created A favorite in Italy for over a century, this appealing little
in Germany in the 1960s from crossing the Chow Chow dog was kept by nobility as a pampered pet, and by farmers
(see p.112), German Wolfspitz (see p.117), and as a watchdog. Quick to bark at strangers, the Italian Volpino
Samoyed (see p.106). A good alerted bigger guard dogs to potential trouble. Lively and fun-
companion dog, it is Harsh-textured loving, the breed is suitable for almost any type of home.
topcoat
even-tempered and Straight, Short
strong back Long-haired tail Long, muzzle
calm but watchful. carried in curl
dense coat
It readily forms Fawn
close family bonds. White

Triangular, Well feathered
erect ears
hindquarters
Dark face Round eyes
mask



Collar of
Coat with longer hair Thick
collar of hair
black hairs around neck





115

CATALOG OF BREEDS | SPITZ–TYPE DOGS


German Spitz




HEIGHT WEIGHT LIFE SPAN Variety of colors
Klein: 9–11in (23–29cm) Klein: 18–22lb (8–10kg) 14–15 years
Mittel: 12–15in (30–38cm) Mittel: 24–26lb (11–12kg)
Gross: 17–20in (42–50cm) Gross: 37–40lb (17–18kg)
GROSS

A bustling and happy dog, with good watchdog instincts, AGE AND WISDOM?
the German Spitz is quick to learn and suitable for any home
In a 19th-century German fable, illustrated below,
There are three sizes of the German German Spitzes enjoy lots of human a Spitz dog outwits a Pug that is trying to steal
its bone. Whether Spitz breeds really are more
Spitz—Klein (small) and Mittel (medium) attention, but they need careful training
intelligent than Pugs is not known, but Spitz
are both recognized by the KC, and Gross because they have an independent spirit breeds were considered to be one of the oldest
(giant) is recognized by the FCI. They are that can turn into willfulness without breeds. In 1750, based on his knowledge of the
all descendants of the herding dogs once firm leadership. The dogs can get along well German Spitz, German naturalist Count Buffon
used by nomadic tribes of the Arctic. with children if they are taught to respect suggested that the Spitz was the ancestor of
Traditionally, German Spitz dogs were them. Once their place in the family has all domestic dogs. Modern genetic evidence
supports Buffon’s idea that some Spitz dogs
used for hunting and livestock herding, been established, these cheerful, affectionate
originated early, but today no one breed is
and as watchdogs; their thick undercoat and dogs are excellent companions for owners of considered ancestral to all others, and comparative
tough outer coat protected them in the cold all ages. The immensely thick coat must be intelligence is still a matter of debate.
and wet. During the 19th century the dogs groomed thoroughly every day to keep it
became more popular as companion and from becoming matted.
show dogs. Some of these dogs were also
exported to the US and gave rise to the
American Eskimo Dog (see p.121). All
varieties of German Spitz are relatively rare.


Tail curls Compact,
over back square body


Short hair on face
Moderately
broad head


Wolf-sable


Thick frill
around neck
and shoulders


Profuse double
coat with long
outer hair




Orange-sable
Long
feathering on MITTEL
back of legs





KLEIN


116

SPITZ–TYPE DOGS



Schipperke Wedge-shaped,
foxlike head
HEIGHT 10–13in (25–33cm) Variety of colors Small,
WEIGHT 13–18lb (6–8kg) triangular
LIFE SPAN Over 12 years ears

Sometimes called the Belgian Barge Dog,
Tail naturally Black
this breed was once used by Flemish very short
riverboatmen to guard their barges and
keep down rat populations. In the house
the Schipperke has lost none of its
watchful instincts and is wary of
strangers. A dog with a lively
and likable personality,
it is an entertaining
Long
companion. “culottes” on
back of thighs

Distinctive mane
Dense coat and cape around
neck and shoulders
Thickset body












Keeshond German Wolfspitz


HEIGHT 17–18in (43–46cm) HEIGHT 17–22in (43–55cm)
WEIGHT 33–44lb (15–20kg) WEIGHT 60–71lb (27–32kg)
LIFE SPAN 12–15 years LIFE SPAN 12–15 years

The Keeshond was used in the 18th century by the riverboatmen The German Wolfspitz is one of the oldest-known European
and farmers of Holland as a watchdog. Not aggressive, this dogs. It has given rise to the Keeshond (left) and in some countries
intelligent and outgoing breed has an amiable nature that the two are not regarded as separate breeds. Highly trainable, it is
makes it a much-loved companion dog. The Keeshond eager to be a part of family life. Suspicious of strangers, this dog
is willing to learn, and it mixes well with barks readily but is not aggressive.
people and other pets.
Gray, black, Bushy tail Short, straight back
and cream
Hair forms dense Long topcoat
breeches on back
of thighs
Gray, black,
Characteristic and cream
spectacle
markings
around eyes Small, triangular,
erect ears




Long, thick Thick mane
ruff around over neck
neck and
shoulders



117

CATALOG OF BREEDS | SPITZ-TYPE DOGS


Pomeranian




HEIGHT WEIGHT LIFE SPAN Any solid color
9–11in 5–7lb 12–15 years Should be free from
(22–28cm) (2–3kg) black or white shading.


This affectionate miniature dog is brave and protective
despite its small size, and it makes an excellent family pet


This breed, the smallest of the German characteristics—its small size, luxuriant
Spitz-type dogs (see p.116), is known in some “puffball” coat, and cheerful nature—
countries as the “dwarf Spitz” (Zwergspitz were further refined.
or Spitz nain). The Pomeranian takes its The intelligent, lively Pomeranian is an
name from the region of Pomerania (now affectionate pet. It enjoys human company
in northern Poland/northeast Germany), and will become devoted to its owner.
where its ancestors were bred as sheepdogs. However, the breed needs firm but gentle
The original dogs from Pomerania were training so that it will not become overly
much larger than today’s dogs, weighing dominant. Amazingly fast for their
as much as 31lb (14kg), and were usually size, these dogs should be supervised
white. These Spitz-type dogs were imported if running loose. The thick coat is not
from Europe into the UK from the 1760s difficult to groom but needs to be
onward; all dogs of this type were generally brushed every few days.
known as “Pomeranians,” whatever their
country of origin.
During the late 19th century the
Pomeranian was selectively bred down to
“toy” size, partly due to Queen Victoria’s
enthusiasm for smaller dogs. Small
Spitz-type dogs of different colors were
imported from Germany and Italy to
develop the breed (and to eliminate the
old Pomeranians’ tendency to be snappy).
Breeders’ clubs were set up in the UK in
1891 and in the US in 1900. During
the 20th century the breed’s main
PUPPY


ROYAL PATRONAGE

When Queen Charlotte, wife of George III, came to
Britain in 1761 she was accompanied by several white
spitz dogs. These dogs were much larger than
Pomeranians are today but were nevertheless the
favored companion of German courtiers of the time.
The dogs rapidly became popular in Britain and Longer hair on
hindquarters
feature in several paintings by Gainsborough, such as
The Morning Walk (right). The popularity of the breed
increased further when Queen Victoria acquired several
smaller Pomeranians on a trip to Italy in 1888.




MR. AND MRS. WILLIAM HALLETT
(“THE MORNING WALK”) BY
THOMAS GAINSBOROUGH, 1785



118

SPITZ-TYPE DOGS

Heavily plumed tail
carried over back Small, erect ears




Orange






Slightly oval, black-
rimmed, dark eyes











Abundant frill
around neck,
shoulders,
and chest


























Smooth-haired,
foxlike face





Soft, fluffy
coat








Shorter hair
on lower legs












119

CATALOG OF BREEDS | SPITZ–TYPE DOGS



Icelandic Sheepdog


HEIGHT 17–18in (42–46cm) Gray Black
WEIGHT 20–31lb (9–14kg) Chocolate-brown
LIFE SPAN 12–15 years Tan and gray dogs may have black masks.

Also called the Friaar Dog, this hardy, muscular breed was
Typical spitz tail
brought to Iceland by early settlers. Its agility over rugged curls over back
terrain and shallow water plus its sharp barking make it
perfect for herding livestock. As a pet, it requires
plenty of exercise. There are two coat types:
long-haired and short-haired.
Erect ears slightly
rounded at tips
Smallish,
powerful body
Black
Thick,
waterproof coat pigmented lips
White
markings
on face

LONG-HAIRED
Tan with white
markings










Norwegian Lundehund


HEIGHT 13–15in (32–38cm) White Black and gray coats have white markings;
WEIGHT 13–15lb (6–7kg) Gray white coat has dark markings.
LIFE SPAN 12 years Black

Also called the Norwegian Puffin Dog,
Black tips
this amazingly agile dog can tilt its head to some
Reddish brown of hairs
back over its shoulder and splay its
forelegs out sideways. It was once used as
a puffin-hunter, and these traits, as well
as a double dewclaw on each foot,
enabled the dog to reach precarious
Black
nests. As a pet, it needs plenty of lips
training and exercise.


Dense coat
sheds heavily





Double Six toes on
dewclaw each foot







120

SPITZ–TYPE DOGS



Nordic Spitz Norwegian Buhund


HEIGHT 17–18in (42–45cm) HEIGHT 16–18in (41–46cm) Red
WEIGHT 18–33lb (8–15kg) WEIGHT 26–40lb (12–18kg) Red, wheaten, and wolf-sable coats may
LIFE SPAN 15–20 years LIFE SPAN 12–15 years have black mask, ears, and tip to tail.

This small, light spitz is Sweden’s national dog. Its local This medium-sized, agile farm dog was once used to
name, Norbottenspets, means spitz from the county of guard against bears and wolves. Today the breed thrives
Pronounced
Bothnia. It was once used to hunt squirrels and, when it has plenty of exercise and constant training. stop
more recently, game birds. A bright-eyed, A sharp barker that molts heavily twice a year, this
Foxlike head
bushy-tailed dog, the Nordic Spitz is with typical dog may not be ideal for
tan markings Long, thick, harsh
not difficult to train, but requires a house-proud owner. topcoat with soft,
woolly undercoat
regular exercise.
Tightly curled tail
Compact carried over back
body
Triangular,
Erect, erect ears
black ears
Black
White

Short, Wheaten
straight coat Lighter
Well-defined underparts
tan patch on
hindquarters







American Eskimo Dog


HEIGHT Miniature: 9–12in (23–30cm); Toy: 12–15in (30–38cm); Standard: Over 15–19in (38–48cm)
WEIGHT Miniature: 7–11lb (3–5kg); Toy: 11–20lb (5–9kg); Standard: 20–40lb (9–18kg)
LIFE SPAN 12–13 years

Despite its name, this is not a true Eskimo breed, but was White
developed in Germany and probably brought to the US by Long guard hairs
form topcoat
German settlers in the 19th century. Once seen performing
tricks in traveling circuses, the American Eskimo Dog is
a fast learner and eager to please. The breed comes in
three sizes: toy, miniature, and standard.

Round, black-
rimmed eyes
Triangular, erect, slightly set well apart
blunt-tipped ears




Jet-black
lips




Profuse ruff at
MINIATURE TOY neck and chest






121

CATALOG OF BREEDS | SPITZ-TYPE DOGS


Papillon




HEIGHT WEIGHT LIFE SPAN White
8–11in 5–11lb 14 years Black and white
(20–28cm) (2–5kg) White coats may have any color patches except liver.


Dainty and delightful, but definitely not delicate, this dog Long, plumed tail
falls over back
makes a fun-loving and intelligent companion


The Papillon is named for its erect, fringed In the UK and the US, both the Papillon
ears, resembling butterfly wings (the word and the Phalène are regarded as the same
papillon is French for “butterfly”). The breed, since the two types can occur in
breed is descended from the “dwarf the same litter. The FCI refers to both
spaniels” that were popular in the royal types as Continental Toy Spaniels.
courts of Europe from the Renaissance Today the Papillon is most often
onward. This type of dog was often seen as a pet or in the show ring.
portrayed in paintings of and for the These lively, intelligent dogs love
nobility, such as the 1538 Venus of Urbino human companionship and enjoy
by Titian. In 17th-century France similar plenty of play and exercise. They
dogs were imported and bred at the court require early socializing with
of Louis XIV, and in the 18th century they other dogs and strangers,
were the pampered favorites of Madame since some individuals can be
de Pompadour and Marie Antoinette. nervous. The long, fine, silky
The earliest form of the Papillon had coat needs daily grooming to
drop ears; this type still exists and is prevent mats from forming.
known as the Phalène (French for “moth”).
Toward the end of the 19th century the
modern Papillon with its erect ears began
to appear, and this version is now much
more commonly seen. In both types the
ears are notable for their long, silky fringes.


Long-fringed, Head rounded
“butterfly-wing” ears between drop ears











Tricolor







PAPILLON
White
with black
patches




PHALÈNE


122

SPITZ-TYPE DOGS















Pronounced
stop






Full, soft coat
Level back



Fine, pointed muzzle
on rounded head






FRENCH COURT LAPDOG

In the past lapdogs were luxuries that only the
wealthy could afford. Small, spaniel-like
dogs, resembling the Papillon, start to appear
alongside their owners in portraits painted
around 1500. Their popularity in Continental
Europe continued to increase, and by the
18th century the Papillon had become a
firm favorite of the French court (as can be
seen in Jean Baptiste Greuze’s 1774 portrait of
Madame de Porcin, below). Marie Antoinette
kept them as boudoir dogs and it is said that,
in 1793, she carried her dog Thisbe with her
to the guillotine.



Deep chest













Tricolor

Elongated,
harelike feet










123

High speed
On the racetrack, greyhounds have
been recorded as reaching top speeds
of around 45mph (72km/h). They are
one of the fastest living animals.

SIGHT HOUNDS























SIGHT






HOUNDS







Canine speed merchants, the sight hounds—or gazehounds as they are sometimes called—are
hunting dogs that locate and follow their prey primarily by using their keen eyesight. Streamlined,

lightly framed, but powerful, a sight hound in pursuit of quarry moves rapidly and turns with great
flexibility. Many dogs in this group were bred to hunt specific prey.





As shown by archeological evidence, a pronounced stop or, as in the case and occasionally still are, used
lean, leggy dogs have been hunting of the Borzoi (see p.132), has no stop by sheikhs for hunting gazelle in
alongside humans for thousands of at all. Typically in a sight hound bred the desert. In pre-Soviet Russia the
years, but the early development to hunt and snap up small prey, the spectacular Borzoi was the dog of
of modern sight hounds is not entirely head is carried low when the dog choice for the nobility and even
clear. It is likely that many crosses runs at full stretch. Another common royalty, specifically bred for running
involving a diversity of other breeds, feature of sight hounds is a deep chest down and killing wolves.
including terriers, went into the accommodating a larger than usual Today sight hounds are used for
creation of classic sight hounds such heart and allowing for good lung racing and coursing and are very
as the Greyhound (see p.126) and the capacity. Short or fine, silky coats often kept as pets. Usually non-
Whippet (see p.128). tend to be the norm among this aggressive, although sometimes
Most sight hounds are easily group of dogs; only the Afghan a little aloof, sight hounds make
recognizable as a type. Selective Hound (see p.136) is very long-haired. attractive family dogs but need to
breeding has developed characteristics Graceful and aristocratic, sight be handled with caution when
designed to promote speed: strong, hounds during their history have outdoors and may be best exercised
supple backs and an athletic build been the favored hunting dogs of the on a leash. Their instinct to pursue
enable the body to stretch out at full wealthy and well born. Greyhounds, small animals can be strong enough
gallop; long-striding, elastic limbs, or at least coursing dogs very similar to override all obedience training.
and powerful hindquarters to provide to the modern breed, were kept by A sight hound chasing after what
impulsion. Another characteristic is the pharaohs of ancient Egypt. For it perceives to be prey is almost
a long, narrow head that either lacks centuries Salukis (see p.131) were, impossible to stop.




125

CATALOG OF BREEDS | SIGHT HOUNDS


Greyhound MICK THE MILLER


The UK’s first great racing Greyhound was an
HEIGHT WEIGHT LIFE SPAN Any color Irish dog belonging to a priest. Born in 1926,
27–30in 60–66lb 11–12 years
Mick the Miller was sickly as a pup but won 15
(69–76cm) (27–30kg)
races in Ireland. He then triumphed at the 1929
Derby at London’s White City, breaking the
world speed record over 525 yards. From 1929
Capable of astonishing speed, this dog makes a docile and to 1931 Mick the Miller (right) won an array of
gentle family pet and is content with short bursts of exercise major races, and he
became a firm favorite
with the public. Once
Developed in the UK, the greyhound’s Capable of reaching 45mph (72km/h)
retired, he earned
earliest ancestors were once thought to in short bursts, the sleek and powerful $90,000 in stud
have been the slender hounds depicted Greyhound is built for running. fees, and also
in Egyptian tombs dating from around It is still used for hare coursing but is appeared in a movie.
4000BCE. However, DNA evidence has more commonly seen at dog races. Some He died in 1939.
suggested that, despite appearances, the Greyhounds are also bred for the show
breed is more closely related to herding ring; these are larger than racing dogs.
dogs. Another possible ancestor is an Retired racing Greyhounds are becoming
ancient Celtic dog called the Vertragus, popular as pets. They are gentle and easy
used for hunting and hare coursing. to keep, requiring only moderate exercise, MICK BEING MASSAGED
WHILE IN TRAINING AT
Large, athletic sight hounds were known but their slender frame and thin coat mean WALTON-ON-THAMES
in Britain by 1000CE. At first they were that they need protection from the cold.
commonly used for hunting, but during
the Middle Ages only the aristocracy could
afford to keep them. In the 18th century
Long and
hare coursing became popular among the narrow head
upper classes, and the first Greyhound
stud books were opened. Small, rose
Muscular, long, ears, fine
slightly arched neck
in texture









Brindle





Short,
smooth coat




Straight,
Deep chest long
housing powerful forelegs
lungs and heart


Long, low-set,
tapering tail










126

Italian Greyhound



HEIGHT WEIGHT LIFE SPAN Variety of colors
13–15in 9–11lb 14 years Black and blue with tan markings,
(32–38cm) (4–5kg) and brindle not permitted.


This miniature, satin-skinned greyhound enjoys creature A KING’S BEST FRIEND
comforts but needs more exercise than its size might suggest
Frederick the Great of Prussia (seen below, right,
This mini-greyhound originated in its noble past, the Italian Greyhound loves in a wood engraving after an 18th century
drawing) was said to have owned more than
Mediterranean countries—small to be pampered. Usually devoted to its
50 miniature greyhounds and even took one
greyhound-type dogs feature in Turkish and human family, the breed needs plenty of
to battle in his saddlebag during the Seven
Greek art dating from 2,000 years ago, and interaction with people, otherwise it may Years’ War (1756–63). When this dog died,
a similar dog was found in the lava flows at become bored and wayward. It is more Frederick had it buried at his favorite residence,
Pompeii. By the time of the Renaissance, hardy than its delicate frame would the Sanssouci Palace, in Potsdam. Frederick had
wished to be buried after death alongside his dog,
miniature greyhounds were much favored suggest, but it can still be injured by
but his successor did not allow it. Frederick died
pets in the Italian court. They were brought active children or other, larger dogs.
in 1786 but it was only in 1991 that his remains
to England in the 17th century and became The breed’s short coat and thin skin were moved and his wish granted.
highly popular there and in the other royal make it susceptible to cold and wet weather,
courts of Europe. so it will need a jacket when going outdoors
The Italian Greyhound needs daily in wintry conditions.
exercise and mental stimulation. Despite
its small size, the breed is fast and can
reach 40mph (64km/h) in a sudden burst.
It is highly energetic and intelligent, with
a strong chasing instinct. As suggested by
Large eyes




Short, satin- Red-fawn
soft coat Long, slender,
gracefully
arched neck
Rose ears placed
Fine, supple skin Very fine well back
muzzle
Long, flat,
narrow head











Very
fine-boned
legs


Long, fine tail
set very low

ADULT AND
PUPPIES







127

CATALOG OF BREEDS | SIGHT HOUNDS


Whippet




HEIGHT WEIGHT LIFE SPAN Any color
17–20in 24–40lb 12–15 years
(44–51cm) (11–18kg)


The ultimate sprinter, this dog is calm, sweet-natured,
and adoring at home but remains an avid hunter


The fastest domesticated animal for its towns. Today the breed is still used for
Fine-haired,
weight, the Whippet is capable of speeds racing, as well as lure coursing and agility short coat
of up to 35mph (56km/h). It has impressive trials, but is mostly kept as a pet.
powers of acceleration, and can twist and Quiet, docile, and affectionate, the
turn at speed with dexterity. This elegant Whippet behaves well in the house and
little dog was developed in the north of is gentle with children. A sensitive breed,
England in the late 19th century by crossing it needs tactful handling and is easily
the Greyhound (see p.126) with various distressed by rough play or harsh commands.
terriers. Originally bred for hunting hare, With its delicate skin and short, fine hair,
rabbit, and other small game, the Whippet the Whippet needs to wear a coat in cold
soon became popular as an affordable weather. Its own coat is almost odor-free,
sporting dog. Whippet racing, held wherever without a doggy smell even when wet.
there was enough space for dogs to sprint a Puppies with long coats are occasionally
couple of hundred yards, became a regular born but are not officially recognized.
fixture for working men of mill and mining The Whippet has abundant energy and
should be given regular exercise and, in safe
areas, plenty of opportunity to run free. It
THE POOR MAN’S RACEHORSE is generally good with other dogs but has
a strong hunting instinct and chases cats
In the industrial areas of 19th-century England, and small animals if given the chance.
rag racing with Whippets, in which the dogs A Whippet will tolerate, or at least
chased a lure made of cloth, was immensely ignore, a household cat if the two are
popular. Working families took great pride in
their racing Whippets and valued the extra raised together, but it should not be left
income that winning dogs could earn. The unsupervised with other family pets such
breed came to be known as the “poor man’s as rabbits or guinea pigs. This breed is
racehorse.” The owners lavished care on their wary of strangers, so it makes a
dogs, allowing them to share the family’s food
reasonable watchdog. Toward its
and even the children’s beds.
owners, the Whippet shows
unswerving loyalty.

Long, tapering
tail reaches as
far as hock







Neat, oval feet with
well arched toes





THE CRADLEY HEATH
WHIPPET RACING
CLUB, UK, 1961



128

SIGHT HOUNDS




Rose ears








Brindle
and white
Muscular,
elegant outline
Darker muzzle








Silver-fawn







Expressive,
oval eyes












Tucked-up
belly
Well muscled
hindquarters
Deep chest


































129

CATALOG OF BREEDS | SIGHT HOUNDS



Rampur Greyhound Hungarian Greyhound


HEIGHT 22–30in (56–75cm) Any color HEIGHT 24–28in (62–70cm) Any color
WEIGHT 59–66lb (27–30kg) WEIGHT 55–88lb (25–40kg)
LIFE SPAN 8–10 years LIFE SPAN 12–14 years

Now rare, the Rampur Greyhound was once the favorite This dog, once used for hunting rabbit and fox, may have
sporting companion of Indian princes. Used mainly to hunt entered Hungary with the Magyars over 1,000 years ago.
jackal and deer, this powerful dog was also capable of bringing Not as fast as a Greyhound (see p.126) but tougher and
down wild boar. The breed’s origins are uncertain, but may tireless, the Hungarian Greyhound (or Magyar
Large, rose
include crosses between the English Greyhound Agar) needs a regular run. It makes a
ears raised
and native Indian breeds chosen for faithful and protective companion. when alert
their strength and tenacity.
Black
and tan Broad, straight,
White firm back
Brindle
Long, thin, markings
tapering tail
Elongated muzzle
Long, narrow, and wedge-
pointed nose shaped head
on flat skull

Tucked-up Short,
belly dense,
smooth
coat
Long tail
Arched feet and reaches hock
Tan markings strong claws for
on lower legs good grip at speed





Polish Greyhound


HEIGHT 27–31in (68–80cm) All colors
WEIGHT 143–187lb (65–85kg)
LIFE SPAN 12–15 years
Long, powerful,
muscular neck
Possibly a mix of the Greyhound (see p.126) and the Borzoi (see p.132)
in origin, the Polish Greyhound is stronger and sturdier than other
sight hounds. It is bred to hunt bustard (a large, cranelike bird)
and wolves, and is a popular track racer. The Polish Greyhound
requires firm training, plenty of exercise, and regular brushing.


White
White blaze markings
on head on chest
Sable Long tail,
strong at base

Black and tan






White tail tip








130

SIGHT HOUNDS


Saluki PRIZED HUNTER


Early drawings of the Saluki (as in the illustration
HEIGHT WEIGHT LIFE SPAN
from the early 1840s below) show dogs with
23–28in 35–65lb 12 years Variety of colors
well developed feathering on legs and tail.
(58–71cm) (16–29kg)
However, they are depicted without the
long feathering on the ears that is typical
of the feathered-coat variety today. The Bedouin
This slim-framed, sleek, and intelligent gazelle hunter traditionally prize these dogs for their hunting
makes a loyal and courageous family companion prowess rather than their appearance. Salukis
are used to hunt fast-moving prey such as
gazelles (giving rise to the alternative name
One of the oldest breeds in existence, Although Muslims traditionally viewed
“gazelle-hound”), as well as fox and rabbit.
Saluki-type dogs have been used as dogs as unclean, they made an exception for
hunting dogs for thousands of years. the Saluki, allowing it to live in the family
They are shown on wall carvings from tent. Salukis were never sold, but they might
the Sumerian empire (in what is now be presented to people as a mark of honor.
Iraq), dating from 7000–6000BCE, and The Saluki is gentle but may seem aloof
on paintings in ancient Egyptian tombs; to strangers, although it is more loving to
their mummified bodies have been found its owners. It is highly intelligent, so needs
buried with pharaohs. Similar dogs were plenty of mental and physical challenges if
known in China in the Tang dynasty it is not to become bored and willful. Its
(618–907CE), and were first brought to strong chasing instinct needs to be kept
Europe by Crusaders in the 12th century. under control. There are two coat types:
The Saluki is esteemed in the Middle smooth and feathered.
East for its swiftness; over long distances,
it can be faster than a Greyhound (see p.126).

Pendant ears
with long,
silky hair

Long, narrow head

Long, slender,
supple neck
Cream
Smooth, soft,
silky coat Black
and tan











Deep,
narrow chest


Golden






Slight feathering on FEATHERED
back of front legs COAT








131

CATALOG OF BREEDS | SIGHT HOUNDS


Borzoi



HEIGHT WEIGHT LIFE SPAN Variety of colors
27–29in 60–106lb 11–13 years
(68–74cm) (27–48kg)


This noble Russian hound combines speed, elegance, and
A CULTURAL ICON
a desire to chase with a certain nonchalance
The powerful, glamorous Borzoi has won itself
a place in literature and film. Leo Tolstoy’s epic
Descended from Central Asian sight Constantin Esmont persuaded the Soviet
novel War and Peace contains a powerful hounds, this tall, elegant dog was brought government to preserve the Borzoi for use
description of a Borzoi pack hunting a wolf.
westwards by traders. Once known as the by hunters in the fur trade. In Russia the
In F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Beautiful and Damned,
the main character’s girlfriend compares him to a Russian Wolfhound, the Borzoi was bred to Borzoi is still valued mainly for its hunting
“Russian wolfhound”; he is flattered because they hunt wolves for Russian tsars and nobility; abilities, but outside the country it has
are “usually the original dogs were crossed with been bred for many years as a show dog
photographed with
Greyhounds (see p.126) for speed, and and companion dog.
princesses and dukes.” with native Russian dogs for strength and Today the Borzoi is happy in a regular
The Borzoi was a
resistance to cold. The nobles would take as home environment but needs plenty of long
favorite subject in Art
Deco art and has many as 100 dogs on a hunt, releasing them walks and runs as well as training to control
featured in many in groups of three to bring down a wolf; one its strong chasing instinct. It also requires a
movies—in addition dog would attack the wolf’s hind quarters, routine of brushing and bathing to keep its
to being an elegant
while the other two caught its neck. long, wavy coat in top condition.
companion for
movie stars. After the Russian Revolution in 1917,
many of these “aristocratic” dogs were
killed, but during the 1940s a soldier named
ALEXANDRA, WIFE
OF EDWARD VII, WITH Short, smooth
HER PET BORZOI coat on head Black mask
Narrow, refined head
with imperceptible stop



Silky, long coat







Profuse frill
on neck










White with
red markings


Short hair on
front of legs
Hare-shaped
feet with
Long-haired, well padded toes
low-set tail







132

SIGHT HOUNDS



Deerhound Small, rose ears


HEIGHT 28–30in (71–76cm) Red-fawn or sandy red
WEIGHT 82–101lb (37–46kg) Black brindle
LIFE SPAN 10–11 years

Once the preserve of Scottish stag-hunting nobility, this
Blue-gray
shaggier version of the Irish Wolfhound (see p.134) is now as Pointed
muzzle
much at home in a cozy living room as it is by a baronial
log fire. It is lazy and companionable indoors, Long,
as long as it has a strenuous walk every strong
Coat softer neck
day and plenty of outdoor space. on head
and chest
Silky haired, lighter-
colored mustache
and beard
Harsh, thick,
wiry, dark coat


Long tail, thick at
base, carried low








White toes



Spanish Greyhound Very shallow stop


HEIGHT 23–28in (58–72cm) Any color
WEIGHT 44–66lb (20–30kg)
LIFE SPAN 12 years

Thought to be a descendant of dogs that came into the
Long, straight back
Iberian Peninsula with the Celts around 500BCE,
the Spanish Greyhound is a fast-footed hunter.
Once kept only by royalty, the breed Long, lean head
became widely popular for
coursing and racing. Spanish
Greyhounds are not hard
to train as house dogs
but have high exercise Sandy
requirements. There
are two coat varieties: Almond-
shaped eyes
smooth-haired and Compact, well
muscled body
wire-haired.


Black
Long tail ending
in fine point

SMOOTH-HAIRED White chest WIRE-HAIRED
markings



133

CATALOG OF BREEDS | SIGHT HOUNDS

SIGHT HOUNDS


Irish Wolfhound GELERT


In Welsh legend, Gelert was the favorite
HEIGHT WEIGHT LIFE SPAN Variety of colors hound of Prince Llewellyn the Great. One day
28–34in 105–150lb 8–10 years Llewellyn went hunting, leaving Gelert behind,
(71–86cm) (48–68kg) and on his return was horrified to find his baby
son missing and Gelert with blood on his jaws.
Believing that Gelert had killed the baby,
A loyal, dignified, and docile hound, this gentle giant is the Llewellyn ran the dog through with his sword.
world’s tallest breed and needs room to relax and run Just then the baby cried; Llewellyn found him
lying on a wolf, which Gelert had clearly killed.
Stricken with remorse, Llewellyn buried Gelert
This breed derives its name from its the dogs became very scarce. In the 1870s
with a memorial stone in honor of his dog.
traditional use in hunting wolves. Dogs a British Army officer, Captain George A. Today a sculpture of Gelert (below) stands near
of this type have been known in Ireland Graham, started a program to revive it, his grave in Beddgelert, Wales.
for thousands of years; Irish chieftains and using outcrosses to breeds such as the
kings used them as dogs of war, as well Scottish Deerhound (see p.133) and the
as for hunting wolves and elk. The “great Great Dane (see p.96). In 1902 an Irish
hound,” or cu, is mentioned in Irish laws and Wolfhound was presented to the Irish
literature, and was known to the Romans, too. Guards as a regimental mascot, and the
For centuries the dogs were reserved for breed still performs this role today.
royalty and the nobility and were given as Despite its imposing appearance—this
presents to important foreigners; so many giant, heavy breed can reach well over 6ft
were given away that their (1.8m) tall when standing on its hind legs—
export was prohibited in the Irish Wolfhound has a calm, gentle
1652 so that Ireland nature. It is often kept as a companion dog
would not be overrun and needs and enjoys human company.
with wolves. However, However, it is best suited to owners who can
once the last wolf was afford substantial food bills and who have
killed in 1786, the Irish sufficient indoor and outdoor space to keep
Wolfhound lost its such a large, heavy dog. The coarse coat
traditional purpose and requires regular brushing and combing.
Oval, dark eyes

Dark gray
brindle

Red brindle Small, rose ears
PUPPY


Coarse coat
Hair especially
wiry under jaw
and over eyes
Strong,
muscular
neck








Deep chest

White markings
on feet and chest







135

CATALOG OF BREEDS | SIGHT HOUNDS


Afghan Hound



HEIGHT WEIGHT LIFE SPAN Any color
25–29in 50–64lb 12–14 years
(63–74cm) (23–29kg)


The supermodel of dogs, this breed makes a glamorous,
WORLD’S FIRST
CLONED DOG aloof, and high-maintenance but affectionate pet


In 2005 Seoul National University in South Korea The origin of the Afghan Hound is The Afghan Hound was not known outside
amazed the world by revealing Snuppy, the first unknown, but its ancestors are thought Afghanistan until the late 19th century when
cloned dog. Snuppy was created using DNA
to have been brought along trade routes to British soldiers first brought it to England. In
from an adult Afghan Hound’s ear cells, inserted
into eggs from female dogs. A total of 123 Afghanistan. There, people used it to hunt the 1930s Marx Brother Zeppo introduced
surrogate mothers were used, and three pups hare, deer, and wild goat, as well as wolves this breed to the US, and it has been popular
were born, of which Snuppy was the sole and snow leopards. The dogs were suited to since with celebrities.
survivor—genetically identical to such work since they had agility and stamina, Today, the Afghan Hound is a spectacular
his father. In 2008 Snuppy and were adept at running fast over rough show dog and a loving, if occasionally
became a father himself, with
terrain, turning quickly, and leaping up wayward, family pet. It also excels at lure
ten puppies being born to
two cloned mothers. mountain slopes. The long, silky coat gave coursing (chasing a mechanical lure) and
protection from cold, while the large feet obedience events. The dog needs plenty of

SNUPPY (RIGHT) could grip well and were resistant to injury. exercise, including chances to run freely.
SITS NEXT TO Various types existed in Afghanistan; dogs The Afghan Hound’s long show coat needs
THE DOG FROM
WHICH HE WAS from desert areas were lighter in build, with a great deal of regular grooming.
CLONED
a finer coat, while those from the mountains
were more heavy-coated.

Long muzzle
and skull
Dark eyes, almost
triangular-looking,
slanting slightly upward

Pendant ears covered
with long, silky hair
Tail is relatively bare, Gold Red Darker hair
carried in a ring and on ear tips
raised when moving












Long, silky coat
has fine texture
except along short,
close saddle



Feet strong and
covered with
thick, long hair









136

SIGHT HOUNDS



Sloughi


HEIGHT 24–28in (61–72cm)
WEIGHT 44–60lb (20–27kg)
LIFE SPAN 12 years
Darker face
and ears
Long established in North Africa, Lean, muscular body
where it is much prized as a hunting with curved topline Elongated,
dog, the Sloughi has only recently wedge-shaped
muzzle
become known in the US and
Europe. This quiet-natured breed is
a pleasant companion and likes
Prominent
home life. A Sloughi needs early breastbone
socializing with other household
pets since its urge to chase small
animals is strong.
Neck arched
Sandy and elegant
Tough, fine,
close-fitting coat






Long, thin,
oval feet







Azawakh

Head is narrow
HEIGHT 24–29in (60–74cm) and chiseled
WEIGHT 33–55lb (15–25kg)
LIFE SPAN 12–13 years

This long-legged hound comes from the desert areas of the southern Muscles and bones
Sahara. The Azawakh is used by nomadic tribes for hunting, guarding, visible beneath fine skin
and as a companion dog. It has exceptionally fine skin. With careful
handling and a daily run,
the Azawakh settles well
Neck long, fine,
as a house pet. muscular, and
Wide-set, slightly arched
pendant ears


Long muzzle
Fawn
Typical white bib
Short coat



Characteristic
white stockings




Long, tapering
tail has a white
brush tip

137

Pack hunting
Foxhunting with pack hounds was
once a familiar sight in rural UK.
The modern alternative is drag hunting—
where hounds follow an artificial scent.

SCENT HOUNDS

























SCENT





HOUNDS








A keen sense of smell is an essential part of being a dog. The sharpest noses belong to the scent
hounds, which track prey more by following scent than by using their eyes, as the sight hounds

do (see pp.124–25). These dogs, which often hunt in packs, have a natural ability to pick up a trail,
even if it is days old, and will follow it single-mindedly.




It is not known exactly when detection, and long, pendant ears. the Dachshund (see p.170), an agile
certain dogs were first recognized Bred for staying power rather than little dog, adept at getting in and
for their exceptional ability to hunt speed, they are strong-bodied, out of tight spots. The Otterhound
by scent. The origins of the modern especially in the forequarters. The (see p.142), which hunted its quarry
scent hound possibly date back to breeds of scent hound known today in rivers and streams, sometimes
the mastiff-type dogs of the ancient were selectively developed not only swimming for much of the time,
world, brought into Europe by traders according to the size of prey that has a water-repellent coat and more
from the region that is now Syria. By they followed but also the countryside extensive webbing between its toes
the Middle Ages hunting with packs that the hunts covered. The English than most dogs.
of scent hounds was a widespread and Foxhound (see p.158), for example, With a ban on hunting with
popular sport, the quarry including is comparatively fleet and lightly hounds in the UK, the future of
fox, hare, deer, and wild boar. Pack built for accompanying a mounted British breeds such as the English
hunting arrived in North America in hunt over mostly open terrain. Similar Foxhound or Harrier (see p.154)
the 17th century with English settlers, in general appearance but much is uncertain. Although usually
who brought their own foxhounds smaller, the Beagle (see p.152) hunted gregarious and good with other
with them. hare, sometimes in thick undergrowth, dogs, pack hounds rarely make
Scent hounds come in all sizes, but with followers on foot. Some short- satisfactory house pets. They need
typically have substantial muzzles legged dogs were bred to follow or dig space, are often vocal, and their
packed with odor-detecting sensors, out quarry below ground. The best eagerness to follow any scent trail
loose, moist lips that also aid scent known of these small scent hounds is can make them difficult to train.




139

CATALOG OF BREEDS | SCENT HOUNDS



Bruno Jura Hound


HEIGHT 18–22in (45–57cm) Strong
WEIGHT 35–44lb (16–20kg) muzzle
LIFE SPAN 10–11 years
Light
brown eyes
One of two similar breeds of hound developed in the Swiss Jura mountain
region, this is one of four laufhunds (see p.173) that probably descended from
Short,
older, heavier French breeds. Used mainly for rabbit hunting, it has a powerful thick coat
nose and great strength and agility when working on steep terrain. Restless
and ever on the go, this breed does not enjoy indoor confinement.
Domed head Tapering tail curves
smaller than in slightly upward
St. Hubert Jura
Hound (below)
Long, large
ears set well
back and low



Tan with
Rounded feet black blanket
with strong
nails and
tough pads









St. Hubert Jura Hound


HEIGHT 18–23in (45–58cm)
WEIGHT 33–44lb (15–20kg)
LIFE SPAN 10–11 years Massive,
domed head
Sharing a common history with the Bruno Jura Hound (above) and closely resembling it,
the St. Hubert Jura Hound is distinguished by its larger size and smoother coat. A strong
Large,
tracker, the St. Hubert Jura Hound bays loudly when following a scent. It has great pendant ears
stamina for hunting rabbits, foxes, or deer.
Back straight, broad,
and muscular
Loose upper
lip covers
lower lip



Tan with
black blanket


Smooth, short coat


Dark hazel
to brown
eyes Forelegs
straight
and strong




140

SCENT HOUNDS


Bloodhound THE CANINE

SUPER-SLEUTH
HEIGHT WEIGHT LIFE SPAN Black and tan
Historically used in Britain for stag hunting,
23–27in 79–110lb 10–12 years Liver and tan
Bloodhounds are superb tracking dogs, as
(58–69cm) (36–50kg)
depicted in the 17th century engraving below.
As deer numbers fell, the Bloodhound became
Gentle and sociable despite its size, this dog has a deep somewhat redundant, though a few were
kept on large estates to track down poachers.
bellowing voice and a strong desire to hunt Early settlers in the US used Bloodhounds
to track people, too. As recently as 1977, two
The ultimate scent hound, the Bloodhound During the 19th century French breeders 14-month-old Bloodhounds—Sandy and
Little Red—tracked down prison escapee
is sometimes called a nose with a dog imported some Bloodhounds to resurrect
James Earl Ray, the man who shot Civil
attached. Dogs of this type have appeared in the old Chien de St. Hubert breed. Later
Rights leader Martin Luther King.
written records since the 14th century, in the 19th century people began to breed
although they are thought to be even older. pure Bloodhounds in the US; Americans
The dogs were used to hunt deer and wild have used the dogs for tracking criminals
boar and to follow people. In Scotland and missing people, and evidence from
sleuthhounds were used to track the a Bloodhound can be admissible in a
raiders and cattle thieves who operated court of law.
along the English-Scottish border. In the The tracking instinct is so strong that it
17th century the eminent scientist Sir Robert can make obedience training difficult, since
Boyle told of a Bloodhound that tracked the dog will be easily distracted by scents
a man over seven miles and through two around it. Nevertheless, this good-natured
busy towns, tracing the man to the very dog is an excellent family companion for
room where he was concealed. those with room to spare.





Heavy, loose upper lip
Deep-set eyes give
solemn expression
Shaded red




Very long,
pendant ears

Pronounced
dewlap






Lower ears
curl inward

Smooth, short,
weatherproof coat
Long, thick,
tapering tail












141

CATALOG OF BREEDS | SCENT HOUNDS


Otterhound




HEIGHT WEIGHT LIFE SPAN Any hound color
24–27in 66–115lb 10–12 years
(61–69cm) (30–52kg)


Easy-going and affectionate, this boisterous dog has retained
a strong hunting instinct and needs plenty of exercise


As its name suggests, this shaggy-coated and good-natured but, as is the case with
hound was once used for hunting otters. many former pack hounds, can be difficult
Though its exact origins are uncertain, to train. Being large and boisterous, the
dogs of a similar type, working in packs, breed is not recommended for small homes
were known in England from about the or families with elderly members or young
18th century, and there are records of children, since there is a risk of them being
otter-hunting with pack hounds as far back knocked over. The Otterhound is best suited
as the 12th century. When otters became to owners who enjoy outdoor activities and
a protected species, and otter hunting was have a large yard or access to open spaces
banned in the UK in 1978, the number of where the dog can run safely. Bred for
Otterhounds declined sharply. The breed hunting in water, this hound loves swimming
is now considered rare, with fewer than 60 and will splash around happily in streams
puppies being registered by the Kennel Club for hours if given the opportunity.
each year. Small numbers of Otterhounds The Otterhound’s dense, coarse coat
are found in other countries, including the is slightly oily, and therefore water-repellent.
US, Canada, and New Zealand. Regular grooming is usually enough to
The Otterhound is a strong, energetic keep the long topcoat free from tangles;
dog that, given sufficient exercise, readily the longer facial hair may need
adapts to life in the home. It is intelligent washing occasionally.



AN ENDANGERED BREED

The Otterhound is the most vulnerable dog breed
in the UK; in 2011 only 38 new dogs were
registered. Their decline in popularity can be
linked to a number of events. In the late 1920s
the breed’s reputation suffered with the High-set tail
publication of Tarka the Otter, which features reaches hock
a hunting Otterhound named Deadlock as the
enemy of the otter hero, Tarka. Then in 1978
otter hunting was made illegal, although this did
not have a great effect, since packs were simply
switched to hunting mink. Finally, all hunting Hair slightly longer
on underside of tail
with packs of dogs was banned in the early 2000s.



















142

SCENT HOUNDS








Head well covered
with hair











Black and tan Rough,
waterproof coat












Long, pendant
ears fold in on
leading edge
































Deep chest











Large, round feet
with well-developed
webbing between toes






143

CATALOG OF BREEDS | SCENT HOUNDS


Grand Griffon Vendéen



HEIGHT WEIGHT LIFE SPAN Fawn Black and white
24–27in 66–77lb 12–13 years Black and tan Tricolor
(60–68cm) (30–35kg) Fawn dogs can have black overlay


This well proportioned, passionate hunter is intelligent
THE CLERK’S DOG
and family-friendly but is best-suited to a rural lifestyle
The name “griffon” comes from the French
word greffier, meaning “clerk.” The ancestors
There are four varieties of Griffon Vendéen, coat, with its dense undercoat and wiry
of the Grand Griffon Vendéen (and of other all originating in the Vendée area of western topcoat, gives protection against all types
griffon breeds) were white, wire-haired hunting
France. The Grand Griffon Vendéen, as its of vegetation and weather.
dogs. One of the first people to breed this type
of dog, in the 15th century, was a French clerk. name implies, is the largest; it is also the Coat colors include mixtures of
For this reason, the early name for the dog longest established. Its ancestry includes black, white, tan, and fawn. There are
was “greffier dog,” which became shortened the 15th-century “greffier dog,” the Griffon several varieties of fawn with black-
to “griffon.” Later, the word “griffon” became
Fauve de Bretagne (see p.149), and the now tipped hairs, known traditionally as
more widely used to denote various types of extinct Griffon de Bresse, as well as rough- “hare color,” “wolf color,” “badger color,”
rough-haired hunting dog.
coated hunting dogs from Italy. or “boar color.”
The breed was historically used for This dog has a beautiful musical voice
hunting large game such as deer and wild and an appealing personality. It also has
boar, and is still used for these purposes a strong tracking instinct and is rather
today. It works as a pack hound or on a independent-minded, so requires careful
leash. It is willing to follow trails even in training and firm handling. In addition, the
thick undergrowth; the double-layered dog needs plenty of space and daily exercise.



Eyebrows
pronounced but
not covering eyes
Narrow,
inward-turning
White and ears covered Front of
orange in fine hair muzzle has
square
appearance
Long,
feathered tail

















Rough,
bushy coat














144

SCENT HOUNDS



Eyes dark
Griffon Nivernais with lively,
penetrating gaze
HEIGHT 21–24in (53–62cm)
WEIGHT 51–55lb (23–25kg)
LIFE SPAN 12–15 years

One of the oldest French sporting dogs, this breed has
bloodlines that include the English Foxhound (see p.158) and
the Otterhound (see p.142). Used for tracking wild boar, the
Griffon Nivernais has great endurance. It may work
individually but usually hunts in
a pack. The rough, tousled coat
provides protection against
thick vegetation.


High-set tail



Dense, rough, Sandy
shaggy coat with black
overlay




Large,
black
nose




Bushy eyebrows
Briquet Griffon Vendéen noticeable but not
covering eyes
HEIGHT 19–22in (48–55cm) Fawn with black overlay Black, tan,
WEIGHT 35–53lb (16–24kg) Black and tan and white
LIFE SPAN 12 years White and black

Briquet means “medium sized”—an apt description for this White and
well proportioned hound. A handsome and determined chaser orange
of wild boar and roe deer, it is a scaled-down version of the
Grand Griffon Vendéen (opposite), from which it was bred.
This hound hunts in a pack
but can adapt to urban
life if introduced to
it early on. Brown nose




Long, pendant ears
set below eye level
Long,
bushy coat












145

CATALOG OF BREEDS | SCENT HOUNDS


Basset Hound




HEIGHT WEIGHT LIFE SPAN Variety of colors
13–15in 40–60lb 10–13 years
(33–38cm) (18–27kg) Any recognized hound color.


This low-slung, floppy-eared dog is a superb tracker but, THE HUSH PUPPIES DOG
®
despite its strong hunting instinct, makes an affectionate pet
The Basset Hound is famous as the symbol of the
The “Basset” breeds of dog originated in the 1870s, and the first breed standard for Hush Puppies® brand of shoe. The shoes and
the name both originate from 1950s America.
in France; the name is derived from the the Basset Hound was established in the UK
“Barking dogs” at the time was slang for tired
French word bas, meaning “low,” and at the end of the 19th century.
feet, and as real-life barking dogs were sometimes
refers to their low-slung, short-legged shape. Today some Basset Hounds are still quietened with corn fritters called “hush puppies,”
Dogs of this type had existed in France for used for hunting and tracking, either in one of the sales managers saw the potential of
centuries, but the first actual mention of packs or alone. The breed is well suited the name for the comfortable range of shoes. The
Basset Hound with
“basset” dogs appeared in a French hunting for small game such as fox, hare, opossum,
its relaxed look was
text written in 1585. These dogs were and pheasant, and for working in heavy
quickly adopted for
ideal for men who hunted on foot because cover. This consummate sniffer dog has
the logo. In the 1980s
they followed trails at a slow pace. After the a very keen sense of smell and a strong a dog named Jason
French Revolution in 1789, Basset breeds tracking instinct; once it has picked up featured in several
became more popular as a common a scent it may follow the trail tenaciously, witty print and TV
advertisements,
man’s dog and were typically used to immune to all distraction.
making the brand
hunt rabbit and hare. Most Basset Hounds are kept as family
hugely popular
The Basset Hound first attracted great pets. The breed is intelligent, calm, loyal, worldwide.
attention at a dog show in Paris in 1863. and affectionate, but can be stubborn, so
English people began to import the dogs needs kind and firm training. A 1965 MAGAZINE
ADVERTISEMENT
FOR HUSH PUPPIES®





Eyes soft, sad-looking,
and slightly sunken
Low-set,
pendant ears

PUPPY Dark nose with
Long, deep body— large, wide-
heaviest-boned of all open nostrils
dogs for its height
Broad and
Short coat level back






Tricolor


Folds of skin
on legs

Body low but allows
free movement over
all types of terrain








146

The Bloodhound in all but size!
The short legs of the Basset Hound result from
a genetic condition that also causes limb
distortion, typically producing a cabriolelike
shape. Slower than its larger cousins, but
nonetheless effective at following a scent, it
can be easily followed by hunters on foot.

CATALOG OF BREEDS | SCENT HOUNDS



Grand Basset Griffon Vendéen


HEIGHT 15–17in (38–44cm) White and orange
WEIGHT 40–44lb (18–20kg)
LIFE SPAN 12 years

This basset-type Griffon Vendéen hound was originally
developed in France for hunting rabbit. Today it is used for
tracking all types of game, from rabbit to wild White with
black grizzle and
boar. Brave and tenacious when on the orange markings Long, pendant ears
trail, the short-legged Grand Basset
Griffon Vendéen is adept at working
in difficult countryside such as
dense scrub.

Prominent
nose with
wide nostrils



Flat, hard hair
with thick
undercoat











Petit Basset Griffon Vendéen


HEIGHT 13–15in (33–38cm)
WEIGHT 24–42lb (11–19kg)
LIFE SPAN 12–14 years

Smallest of the Griffon Vendéen breeds of France, the Petit
Basset Griffon Vendéen is an alert, active, and vigorous hound,
capable of a long day’s hunting. Short legs, a body twice the dog’s Pendant ears
turned inward
height, and a thick, rough coat make this breed ideal for work in
dense, brambly undergrowth. Full of restless energy, the Long eyebrows,
Petit Basset Griffon Vendéen is a family dog for beard, and
mustache Rough, thick,
people who enjoy spending time outdoors. coarse coat

















White, black
and orange




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