(DK) The Dog Encyclopedia

GUNDOGS



Cesky Fousek Wirehaired Pointing Griffon


HEIGHT 23–26in (58–66cm) Brown HEIGHT 20–24in (50–60cm) Liver or liver-brown
WEIGHT 49–75lb (22–34kg) Brown coats may have ticked WEIGHT 51–60lb (23–27kg) Liver-roan or white and brown
LIFE SPAN 12–13 years markings on chest and lower limbs. LIFE SPAN 12–13 years

This breed, variously claimed to be of Czech, Slovakian, Related to the German Pointer (see p.245), bred by Dutchman
or Bohemian descent, is still popular in these areas but Edward Korthals, and adopted by French hunters, this is a versatile
is rare elsewhere. It is loyal and trainable, and usually and easy-going breed. It is not the fastest gundog, but it is popular
gentle around people, but is a natural hunter and for hunting where obedient, close-working dogs are needed—
so may be unreliable with other pets. qualities that also make it a valuable companion.

Dark roan with Large, Body length
brown patches drop ears Straight, exceeds
Steel-gray with coarse coat leg length
Tail traditionally docked liver-brown
to two-fifths of length patches
Beard of
soft hair Shorter
Hairy liver hair
Deep-set, eyebrows on ears Long
amber eyes muzzle
with hairy
beard and
Bushy Hard, mustache
eyebrows protective
coat
Deep chest
Compact, spoon-
shaped feet
Round feet
with tight,
arched toes





Portuguese Pointing Dog


Dark eyes
HEIGHT 20–22in (52–56cm) with dark rims
WEIGHT 35–60lb (16–27kg)
LIFE SPAN 12–14 years

Also known as the Perdigueiro Português,
which literally means the Portuguese
Triangular,
partridge dog, this breed was used as drop ears
Moderately
a pointer for hunters with falcons or developed flews
nets. Still worked today, the Portuguese Slight dewlap
Pointing Dog is level-headed and
obedient and so also makes an
amenable companion. However,
this tenacious hunter needs
considerable mental and
Deep chest
physical activity every day.

Short coat
Red-yellow



White markings
on feet







249

CATALOG OF BREEDS | GUNDOGS


Spinone Italiano




HEIGHT WEIGHT LIFE SPAN White
23–28in 65–85lb 12–13 years Orange-roan
(58–70cm) (29–39kg) White and brown or brown-roan


This easy-going and relaxed companion can be quickly
distracted and is not ideal for house-proud owners


The origins of the Spinone Italiano are Spinone Italiano is still worked, although the
unclear, but wire-haired pointer-type dogs faster Bracco Italiano (see p.252) is now
have been known in Italy since the time of more popular for hunting in Italy.
the Renaissance; one such dog is featured In recent years the Spinone Italiano has
in the mural “The Court of Gonzaga,” become a popular pet in various countries,
painted in the 1470s by Andrea Mantegna prized for its gentle temperament and
in the ducal palace at Mantua. loyalty. It needs plenty of daily exercise, Thick tail
carried low
The modern breed originated in the but its tendency to move at a slower pace
Piedmont region of northwest Italy, and than many gundogs makes it a comfortable
acquired the name “Spinone” in the 19th walking companion. The coat requires little
century. This versatile “hunt, point, retrieve” care, aside from occasional brushing and
breed (see p.245) was the region’s most hand-stripping, although it does
popular hunting dog until the 20th century. retain smells.
The Spinone Italiano played a vital role for
Italian partisans during World War II,
tracking enemy soldiers as well as bringing
in food. By the end of the war the number
of dogs was very low, so from the 1950s
Italian breeders formed a club to save it
from extinction.
The Spinone Italiano can follow both
airborne and ground scents and will
work even in heavy, thorny cover. It tracks
quietly and thoroughly, hunting close to
its handler and covering the ground in a
zigzag fashion, at a long-striding trot.
The dog’s rough coat protects it even in
dense thorn bushes and icy water. The PUPPY



A THORNY NAME


The breed now known as the Spinone
Italiano once had a variety of names,
according to the region in which it was bred. Large,
round feet
One name was Bracco Spinoso, “prickly
pointer,” thought to refer to the dog’s rough,
bristly coat. The name “Spinone” links to the
word pino, the name for a kind of dense
Italian thorn bush, because the Spinone, with
its tough skin and coarse coat, was one of
the few dogs that could push through the
thorns to reach its quarry (shown here in a
French print from 1907).





250

GUNDOGS






Large, round, ocher eyes
with kind expression







Triangular,
pendant ears
Back curves gently







Long mustache
blends into beard














White and orange












Light-colored
nose



Slightly tucked-up belly


Coarse,
dense coat
Broad,
deep chest























251

CATALOG OF BREEDS | GUNDOGS


Bracco Italiano



HEIGHT WEIGHT LIFE SPAN White
22–26in 55–88lb 12–13 years White and orange, amber, or chestnut
(55–67cm) (25–40kg)


This rare gundog is surprisingly athletic for its size, but
NOBLE HUNTER
its level-headedness makes it a suitable family pet
During the Renaissance period dogs like the
Bracco Italiano were popular with the Italian
A breed from northern Italy, the Bracco by the early 20th century but enthusiasts
nobility. The dogs were used with falcons to Italiano, or Italian Pointer, has ancestors saved the breed, and the Italian Kennel
hunt game birds. Aristocratic families such as
dating back to at least the Middle Ages. Club drew up a standard for it in 1949.
the Medicis and the House of Gonzaga kept
breeding kennels and produced dogs that Dogs like this can be seen in paintings from The two types were brought under one
were prized for their hunting skills. In 1527 the 14th century, when they were used to name, but the heavier and lighter dogs
it was recorded that some chestnut-colored drive game birds into nets. Once hunters can still be seen today.
dogs had been given to the Court of France
started using guns, the breed evolved into Still used as a working dog, the Bracco
as a present; the Piemontese dogs (seen below an all-purpose “hunt, point, retrieve” Italiano has a distinctive style of following
in a French print from 1907) were also highly
(HPR) gundog (see p.245). a scent at a long-striding trot, with its
sought after in royal courts across Europe.
By the 19th century there were two nose held high—“led by the nose,” as the
types: the tall, sturdy Bracco Lombardo Italians say. It is very fond of people and
from Lombardy, with a white and brown- makes a calm, gentle companion, although
roan coat, and the lighter, white-and-orange it needs lots of exercise and may have to be
Bracco Piemontese, adapted for working walked on a leash to control its strong
in the mountains. Numbers had declined hunting drive.


Slightly arched muzzle


Nose matches
coat color
Pendant
ears with Well
rounded tips developed
Roan with
chestnut markings flews

Powerful
neck has
soft dewlap




















Tail tapers
slightly
Oval-shaped feet






252

Pudelpointer


HEIGHT 22–27in (55–68cm) Dead leaf
WEIGHT 44–66lb (20–30kg) Black
LIFE SPAN 12–14 years

Developed for both the field Curling forelock
and home, this cross of
poodle and pointer aims Hard, rough
coat, with
to be the best of both: dense undercoat
Brown
intelligent, hardy, and
sociable, with excellent
all-around working abilities. White markings
on chest Beard and
Most popular with hunters, mustache
lighter in
the Pudelpointer is an color
amenable and cheerful
rural companion.


Slightly
Saberlike tail tucked-up belly





Oval feet






Slovakian Rough-haired Pointer


HEIGHT 22–27in (57–68cm)
WEIGHT 55–77lb (25–35kg)
LIFE SPAN 12–14 years

This breed is found under Long, lean head
a variety of names, from Almond-shaped,
amber eyes Straight, solid back Drop ears with
Slovensky Pointer to Wire- slopes slightly down short, soft hair
toward tail
haired Slovakian Pointer, and
Slovenský Hrubosrstý Stavacˇ
in its homeland. It is probably
Longer, softer,
descended from German hunting lighter-colored
hair on muzzle
dogs and shows their typical
intelligence, good humor, and
energy. This is not a breed to
Brown-shaded
leave alone at home because sable gray
it thrives on company
Harsh,
and activity. flat coat


White markings
on chest
Rounded feet with
arched toes




253

CATALOG OF BREEDS | GUNDOGS
































































































254

GUNDOGS


Pointer LITERARY POINTER


In the 19th century some Englishmen gave their
HEIGHT WEIGHT LIFE SPAN Variety of colors Pointers Spanish names in recognition of the
21–25in 45–75lb 12–13 years Spanish influence on the breed. One fictional
(53–64cm) (20–34kg) example is Ponto, mentioned in The Pickwick
Papers by Charles Dickens. The dog features
in a tall tale told by the rascally Mr. Jingle;
Friendly and intelligent, this athletic dog needs plenty allegedly, during a day’s shooting, Ponto stopped
of physical and mental activity if kept as a pet still, refusing to move, while staring at a notice
saying that the gamekeeper would shoot all
dogs in that area.
Pointers are a type of hunting dog falcons. From the 18th century, when it
Pointers are
named for the stance they assume when they became popular to shoot birds on the wing, intelligent dogs—
find game: standing still, with one foot they were used to locate game birds, especially but reading may
raised and their nose pointing in the in upland areas. The breed has excellent be beyond even
direction of the game. These breeds air-scenting abilities, which help make it an their abilities!
developed in various European countries at effective pointer; it is less good at retrieving,
the same time. In Britain ancestors of the although it is sometimes used for this
Pointer appeared around 1650. These early purpose, too. The Pointer is noted for its
dogs may have resulted from crosses including speed and endurance, and is still used today in
the English Foxhound (see p.158), the hunting and field trials in the US and the UK.
Greyhound (see p.126), as well as Pointers are gentle, loyal, and obedient.
an old type of “setting They are affectionate family companions ILLUSTRATION
spaniel.” Later, crosses with and reliable with children, although they FROM AN 1837
EDITION OF
the Spanish hunting dogs can be a little too boisterous with toddlers. THE PICKWICK
PAPERS
and with setter breeds were The breed has retained its hunting stamina,
made to improve the breed’s so these dogs need plenty of vigorous
pointing skill exercise every day.
and trainability.
Very well-defined stop
At first Pointers were
used to “point” hare for
Greyhounds to pursue,
Drop ears lie
or used for hunting with close to head


PUPPY


Long, slightly Well developed,
arched neck
soft flews



Muscular
hindquarters
Fine, hard,
short coat

Orange and white



Orange spotting
on straight forelegs
Long, slightly
sloping pasterns


Oval feet with
arched toes




255

CATALOG OF BREEDS | GUNDOGS



French Pyrenean Pointer


HEIGHT 19–23in (47–58cm) Chestnut-brown
WEIGHT 40–53lb (18–24kg)
LIFE SPAN 12–14 years Chestnut-brown dogs may have tan markings.

The most popular of the Typical chestnut- Broad, straight back
brown head may be quite long
French pointers, the French Chestnut-brown
Pyrenean Pointer is still rare and white
and mostly used for hunting.
A swift and tireless breed,
it was created in southwest
Nose matches
France to work in mountain coat color
terrain. It is gentle and
affectionate at home, Very short,
fine coat
and makes an ideal
companion for the
more active owner.
Belly moderately
tucked up

Area of speckling
denser than French
Gascony Pointer
(see p.258)









Saint Germain Pointer


HEIGHT 21–24in (54–62cm)
WEIGHT 40–57lb (18–26kg) Golden-yellow
eyes
LIFE SPAN 12–14 years
Also known as the Braque Saint-Germain, this is a fleet-footed
pointer and retriever of birds in field, woodland, and marshland. Tapering, hock-length tail White with
carried horizontally orange markings
However, its coat is not sufficiently insulated to make it an
all-weather dog. The Saint Germain Pointer is affectionate
but sensitive, needing firm yet gentle handling, and adapts
surprisingly well to urban family life.







Pink nose
Flews cover
lower jaw
Long, deep chest




Long feet with
light-colored nails






256

GUNDOGS



Bourbonnais Pointing Dog Slightly tapered
muzzle
HEIGHT 19–22in (48–57cm)
WEIGHT 35–57lb (16–26kg)
LIFE SPAN 12–14 years

The oldest and perhaps
the most level-headed of all White with
Brown, drop ears brown ticking
French gundogs, this breed with rounded tips
is a versatile tracker, pointer, Pear-
shaped
and retriever. Robust in build, head
giving an impression of
power, this dog is full
of stamina when
working but relaxed
and affectionate
when off duty.
Line of belly
rises steadily





Round feet









Auvergne Pointer Ariege Pointing Dog


HEIGHT 21–25in (53–63cm) HEIGHT 22–26in (56–67cm)
WEIGHT 49–62lb (22–28kg) WEIGHT 55–66lb (25–30kg)
LIFE SPAN 12–13 years LIFE SPAN 12–14 years

The Auvergne Pointer, or Braque d’Auvergne, was bred in Rare even in its homeland in southwest France, the Ariege
central France by and for hunters, and it remains a tenacious Pointing Dog, or Braque de l’Ariège, is used for pointing and
all-purpose hunting dog that can work all day over long distances. retrieving, and has some tracking ability. It is almost exclusively owned
Friendly and intelligent, this is a lively, affectionate breed that by hunters, and needs patient training to settle an enthusiastic nature
is easily trained and loves company. that can spill over into wildness, and plenty
The Auvergne Pointer will thrive to do if it is not to become destructive.
in any active household. Flews neatly
overlap
lower lip Tapering tail
Long,
straight
muzzle
Typical black
markings on Fine,
face and ears
folded,
tan ears
White with Short,
White with fawn ticking glossy coat
black markings
Black flecking over
white gives coat Compact feet
blue appearance with well-
arched toes





257

CATALOG OF BREEDS | GUNDOGS



French Gascony Pointer


HEIGHT 22–27in (56–69cm) Chestnut-brown
WEIGHT 55–71lb (25–32kg)
LIFE SPAN 12–14 years Chestnut-brown dogs may have tan markings.

One of the oldest pointer breeds, the French Gascony Pointer,
from southwest France, is still kept as a hunter’s dog as well as
a household companion. Loyal and affectionate, it has a sensitive Broad, straight back
nature that responds best to gentle, consistent training. It is
a determined and enthusiastic tracker in the field.



Chestnut-brown
Drop ears with eyes
rounded tips
Very fine,
short coat

Chestnut-brown
and white
Chestnut-brown flecking
less dense than on French
Pyrenean Pointer (see p.256)
Compact, almost
round feet








Spanish Pointer Old Danish Pointer


HEIGHT 23–26in (59–67cm) HEIGHT 20–24in (50–60cm)
WEIGHT 55–66lb (25–30kg) WEIGHT 57–77lb (26–35kg)
LIFE SPAN 12–14 years LIFE SPAN 12–13 years

Also known as the Perdiguero de Burgos, this dog was Its local name, Gammel Dansk Hønsehund, also translates as
bred to track deer, but is now mostly used for smaller game. Old Danish Chicken Dog or Bird Dog. This breed is still used
It is a reliable, easy-going breed that fits well into family life. as a determined tracker, pointer, and retriever, and even as
Nonetheless, it is an avid hunter—halfway between a scent a sniffer dog, but it also makes an even-tempered family
hound and a pointer—and thrives on work. White patch dog for those willing to give it plenty to do. Moderate
on head stop
Tail traditionally
docked to
one-third of Liver
natural length Liver-colored patch
patch White with
liver markings
Muscular,
slightly
Dark hazel Broad, drop “throaty”
eyes neck
ears with
Well rounded tips
developed Liver
flews cover marbled Liver flecking
lower lip

Round,
catlike
feet




258

Golden Retriever



HEIGHT WEIGHT LIFE SPAN Cream
20–24in 55–75lb 12–13 years
(51–61cm) (25–34kg)


The temperament of this exuberant, easy-going gundog
GUIDE DOGS FOR THE BLIND
has made it a family favorite in many countries
A guide dog (sometimes called a
“seeing-eye dog”) is a dog that helps
One of the most popular breeds worldwide, The Golden Retriever is still used by hunters,
blind or partially sighted people get the Golden Retriever originated in Scotland and competes in field trials and obedience
around outside the home. The
in the mid-19th century, when the aristocrat competitions. It is effective in search and
pure-bred or part-bred Golden
Retriever is one of the most Lord Tweedmouth crossed his “Yellow rescue and in detecting drugs and explosives.
popular dogs for this work. Retriever” with the now-extinct Tweed The breed is also employed as a guide dog for
It has the size and strength Water Spaniel of the English-Scottish border blind people, an assistance dog for those with
for leading people, and its
country. Later crosses were made with the other disabilities, and a therapy dog. Perhaps
intelligence makes it easy Irish Setter (see p.242) and the Flat Coated the only job at which it fails is being a guard
to train for a wide variety
Retriever (see p.262). The result was an dog because it is so friendly. It is enormously
of tasks. In addition,
its gentle, friendly active, intelligent retriever that could work popular as a pet. Gregarious, responsive, and
nature enables for long distances in difficult upland terrain, even-tempered, this dog’s main goal in life is
the owner to heavy vegetation, and icy water. It was also to please. It needs plenty of company and
bond with it easily.
noted for being easy to train and having a vigorous exercise, and loves games that
soft mouth when carrying game. involve retrieving and carrying things.

Powerful but
chiseled head






Drop ears

Long,
silky coat Dark
Long tail brown
without a curl eyes










Gold










Lighter-colored
undercoat
Round,
catlike feet







259

CATALOG OF BREEDS | GUNDOGS


Labrador Retriever




HEIGHT WEIGHT LIFE SPAN Chocolate
22in 55–82lb 10–12 years Black
(55–57cm) (25–37kg) May have a small, white spot on chest.


This family favorite owes its popularity to its kind and even
Characteristic
temperament and its enthusiasm for sports and swimming otter tail, round
and hair-covered
One of the most familiar dogs, the Labrador Today the Labrador Retriever is still widely
Retriever has been topping popular dog lists used as a gundog and has proved efficient at
for at least two decades. The dogs from other types of work, such as tracking for
which the present-day Labrador Retriever police forces. In particular, its steady
descended were not from the Canadian region character makes it a superb guide dog
of Labrador, as is commonly supposed, for the blind. However, it is as a family
but from the province of Newfoundland. dog that this breed has gained great
Here, from the 18th century onward, black popularity. The Labrador Retriever
dogs with waterproof coats were bred by local is loving and lovable, easy to train,
fishermen and used to help tow in catches and anxious to please, and reliable with
retrieve escaping fish. Dogs of this early type children and household pets—but
no longer exist, but a few were brought to it has too amiable a character to
England in the 19th century and these led make a good guard dog.
to the development of the modern Labrador This breed has energy to
Retriever. By the early 20th century the breed burn and needs to be kept
was officially recognized and continued to mentally as well as physically
be much admired by field sportsmen for its active. Long daily walks are
excellent retrieving skills. essential, preferably with the
chance to have a swim along
the way. If this dog sees
THE COTTONELLE PUPPY water, it will plunge
straight in. Underexercised
For many years the Cottonelle Puppy and left to its own devices,
has symbolized the Cottonelle® brand of toilet a Labrador Retriever may
paper in the US. This vital but unglamorous be prone to excessive
item has been given a soft, fluffy, appealing
image thanks to the golden Labrador Retriever barking or become
puppies. The puppy has also become a feature destructive. It tends
in Australia and more than 30 other countries, to gain weight easily,
where it is known as the Kleenex puppy. and lack of exercise
Andrex in the UK and Kleenex Cottonelle combined with its
in Australia now use the puppy to promote
insatiable appetite can
charities that train dogs for blind people
and others with disabilities. lead to weight problems.


Round,
compact feet


PUPPY












260

GUNDOGS

Moderate stop








Powerful neck






Level topline















Yellow








Broad head


Medium-sized
hazel eyes













Black nose
Weatherproof, fades to light
short coat brown with age



Broad chest





















261

CATALOG OF BREEDS | GUNDOGS



Flat Coated Retriever


HEIGHT 22–24in (56–61cm) Liver Shallow stop
WEIGHT 55–79lb (25–36kg)
LIFE SPAN 11–13 years

One of the earliest retriever breeds, this was once a favorite
among British gamekeepers. Today it is still worked but is
more often found as a good-natured and handsome pet.
Black
Lively and brimming with enthusiasm, the Flat Coated
Retriever is also level-headed and obedient. It has a
Well
deep bark so can make a good guard dog. feathered
tail




Dense coat




Feathering
on chest





Round,
close-knit feet




Curly Coated Retriever Smooth, short

hair on head
HEIGHT 25–27in (64–69cm) Liver
WEIGHT 60–71lb (27–32kg)
LIFE SPAN 12–13 years

Bred for hunting waterfowl, this rare British retriever is
worked and used as an assistance dog, as well as being Thick, tightly
curled coat
kept as an affectionate and level-headed companion. Tail almost
High energy levels and a need for company make this reaches hock
dog more suited to a rural life
than to an urban home.


Small, triangular,
drop ears
Black
Oval eyes
match coat
color





Round feet with
well arched toes








262

Chesapeake Bay Retriever



HEIGHT WEIGHT LIFE SPAN Straw to bracken
21–26in 55–79lb 12–13 years Red-gold
(53–66cm) (25–36kg) May have small, white markings.


This even-tempered, hardy dog is suited to country
SHIPWRECK SURVIVORS
life and loves plenty of attention and exercise
The origin of the Chesapeake Bay Retriever dates
back to 1807, when two Newfoundland-type This retriever, also known as the With typical retriever gentleness but
pups were rescued from a sinking ship off the Chessie, originated in the state of an alert, determined personality, the
coast of Maryland. The pups—a “dingy red” dog
Maryland. A superb water dog, it was Chesapeake Bay Retriever is still used
named Sailor and a black bitch called Canton
(after the ship)—were separated and given developed to retrieve waterfowl in the cold, for hunting today. It will work under all
to different owners. They proved themselves to rough waters of Chesapeake Bay. During the conditions, including strong tides and high
be superb waterfowl retrievers—enthusiastically 19th century the Chesapeake Bay dogs were winds, and will even break ice with its
leaping into the water to retrieve shot birds (as
so admired that a cast-iron manufacturer forepaws to reach its quarry. Dogs have been
below). Crossed with local dogs, including Flat made and used statues of the founding known to retrieve several hundred birds in
Coated Retrievers (opposite) and Curly Coated
dogs, Sailor and Canton, as its company a day. The Chesapeake Bay Retriever is a
Retrievers (opposite), they produced the first
Chesapeake Bay Retrievers. emblem. By the 1880s the Chesapeake superb swimmer, aided by webbing between
Bay Retriever had emerged as a distinct its toes, and a short, dense, oily coat that is
type, and the breed was recognized by water-repellent. The breed also makes a
the American Kennel Club in 1918. good companion, although it needs plenty of
The Chesapeake Bay Retriever is now activity, especially swimming and retrieving,
the state dog of Maryland. to match its high energy levels.

Moderate stop








Brown

Color of nose
matches coat
Medium-
length, slightly
curved tail



Oily, wavy
double coat







Deep chest





Harelike feet








263

Mexican pet
A Chihuahua may fit into a handbag
but it is not a fashion accessory. This
little breed from Mexico needs exercise
as much as any larger dog.

COMPANION DOGS



























COMPANION





DOGS








Almost any dog can provide companionship. Many dogs once used for outside work, such as
herding, have moved indoors with the family. Usually, these breeds have been developed for
specific tasks and so are traditionally grouped according to their primary function. With a few

exceptions, the companion dogs included here are bred solely as pets.




Most companion dogs are small Companion dogs have a long history. A bizarre, that serve no useful function
breeds, created primarily to sit on number of them originated thousands but are designed to appeal—for
laps, look decorative, and entertain of years ago in China, where small example, the humanlike flat faces
their owners without taking up dogs were kept in the imperial courts and large, round eyes of the Pekingese
much room. Some of them are toy as ornaments and a source of comfort. (see p.270) and the Pug (see p.268).
versions of larger working breeds. Until the late 19th century companion Some have extravagantly long coats,
The Poodle (see p.229), for example, dogs everywhere were almost curly tails, or—in the case of the
once used for herding or for exclusively the pampered pets of the Chinese Crested Dog (see p.280)—
retrieving waterfowl, was bred down wealthy. As such, they often featured no hair at all, apart from a few tufts
in size to a toy dog that could no longer in portraits, depicted sitting prettily in on the head or legs.
perform that practical function. Other, the drawing room or with children In modern times companion dogs are
larger, dogs sometimes grouped with as a nursery plaything. Some, such as no longer a symbol of class. They find
companion breeds include the the English Toy Spaniel (see p.279), a place with owners of all ages and
Dalmatian (see p.286), whose career owe their enduring popularity to the circumstances, in small apartments
included a short-lived spell as a former patronage of royalty. as well as in large country homes.
carriage escort, as much for prestige Appearance has always mattered Although still chosen for their looks,
as guard duty. Now that this job no in the breeding of companion dogs. these dogs are also sought after as
longer exists, Dalmatians are rarely Over the centuries selective breeding friends that give and demand affection
used for any working purpose. has produced characteristics, some and adapt happily to family activities.




265

CATALOG OF BREEDS | COMPANION DOGS


Brussels Griffon



HEIGHT WEIGHT LIFE SPAN Black and tan
SMOOTH-HAIRED
9–11in 7–11lb Over 12 years Black (PETIT BRABANÇON)
(23–28cm) (3–5kg)


This lively, well balanced dog with a terrierlike disposition FROM STABLE TO ROYAL PET
adapts well to city life but remains rare outside Europe
The Brussels Griffon is descended from the
This little dog originated in Belgium, today, although these dogs have featured little rough-haired dogs that were often seen in
Brussels streets and known as “little street urchins.”
where it was kept as a stable dog. This in major movies such as As Good As It Gets
The dogs were favorites with the city’s hansom
dog was related to the Affenpinscher (see and Gosford Park.
cab drivers, who kept them in the stables for
p.218), from which it probably inherited its There is a smooth-haired variety known catching rats. During
“monkey face.” During the 19th century it as the Petit Brabançon, and a rough-haired the 19th century the
was crossed with the Pug (see p.268) and the variety with a distinctive beard. In some breed became popular
throughout society as a
Ruby English Toy Spaniel (see p.279), countries black rough-coated dogs are defined
companion dog. One of
the latter producing the reddish or black as Belgian Griffons, and all other colors of
the foremost supporters
and tan coloring seen in some dogs. rough-haired dog as Brussels Griffons. was Queen Marie Henriette
Despite its popularity in the late 19th Bold and confident but affectionate, of Belgium (right, with her
century, by 1945 the Brussels Griffon the breed is an entertaining companion, maid of honor), who
had almost disappeared in Belgium. It although it may be too sensitive for homes brought the breed to
international fame.
was only saved by breeders importing with small children. It enjoys a good walk
dogs from the UK. It is still uncommon and being pampered.



Round head with
High-set tail curves over upturned nose
back when active
Semierect, high-set
ears with shorter hair



Wiry coat





Smooth coat



Distinctive
bearded chin
Wide,
deep chest
Red






Compact,
square body
Rounded,
catlike feet




ROUGH-HAIRED SMOOTH-HAIRED
(BRUSSELS GRIFFON) (PETIT BRABANÇON)


266

COMPANION DOGS



American Bulldog Olde English Bulldogge


HEIGHT 20–27in (51–69cm) Variety of colors HEIGHT 16–20in (41–51cm) Variety of colors
WEIGHT 60–125lb (27–57kg) WEIGHT 51–79lb (23–36kg)
LIFE SPAN Up to 16 years LIFE SPAN 9–14 years

Early English settlers brought the Bulldog (see p.95) with them This muscular dog is a re-creation of the original 19th-century
to the US. Two breeders, John D. Johnson and Alan Scott, used Bulldog. It was developed in the US during the 1970s by David
the English variety to develop the American Bulldog, which is taller, Leavitt to eliminate some of the health problems that are now
more active, and more versatile than its English counterpart. seen in the modern Bulldog (see p.95). Confident and courageous,
Male dogs are significantly heavier than females. these intelligent dogs are excellent family companions.
However, they benefit from early
Well developed socialization and training.
flews
Wide, muscular back
Short coat White
Large, White and tan
broad head
Round,
brown eyes,
Red set wide apart

Button
ears
Broad
chest Broad
Short, chest
glossy coat


Rounded, catlike feet




French Bulldog


HEIGHT 11–13in (28–33cm) Black brindle
WEIGHT 24–29lb (11–13kg)
LIFE SPAN Over 10 years

A sturdy, compact little dog, the French Bulldog
Well pronounced Distinctive “bat”
makes an excellent companion, but has few stop ears—wide at base,
rounded at top
boundaries and will want to share its owner’s
favorite chair. Always ready for fun, the dog
may need kind but firm direction. This
breed is a descendant of the British
Toy Bulldog taken to France in
the 19th century.


Strong,
thickset
Short coat
neck

Fawn
Pied with white
predominant
over black








267

CATALOG OF BREEDS

COMPANION DOGS


Pug CHANGING FACES


The appearance of Pugs has changed radically
HEIGHT WEIGHT LIFE SPAN Silver since the 19th century, as can be seen in the 1893
10–11in 13–18lb Over 10 years Apricot etching below. Pugs at this time had a longer
(25–28 cm) (6–8kg) Black muzzle and lacked the flat face and upturned
nose of today’s dogs. Their legs were also longer
and their bodies more muscular and less square.
This playful, even-tempered, and intelligent dog loves The features seen in modern Pugs started to
people but can sometimes be stubborn appear toward the end of the 19th century.
Both of the Pugs below have clipped ears, a
common practice that was banned in the UK
Small, stocky, puglike dogs have existed William and Mary of Orange when
by Queen Victoria, who considered it cruel.
for many hundreds of years, but the ancestry they acceded the British throne in 1689.
and origin of the Pug breed remain uncertain. During the 18th century the dogs’
Genetic evidence suggests the Pug is most popularity increased further and they
closely related to the Brussels Griffon and in appeared in paintings by Francisco Goya
particular to the smooth-haired Petit (1746–1828) and William Hogarth (1697–
Brabançon (p.266). It also has a shared 1764) (see p.22).
ancestry with both the Pekingese (p.270) In the 19th century Pugs were imported
and the Shih Tzu (p.272). It is likely that the to the US, where the breed was officially
Pug is linked with these dogs through the recognized in 1885. Imports of dogs from
extinct Chinese Happa Dog (see box p.270). China to the UK in 1877 introduced a third
Puglike dogs were brought to Europe in color—black—which the Kennel Club
the 16th century by recognized in 1896.
the Dutch East India The Pug’s wrinkled, sad-looking, little face
Company traders. belies its cheerful, and often mischievous,
The dogs became very outgoing character. Highly intelligent, loving,
popular with the Dutch and loyal, it is good with children and other
aristocracy and were pets. The breed thrives on regular exercise
brought to Britain by but does not need a great deal of space.

Highly wrinkled,
PUPPY
Dark, button Upturned nose flat, face
ears
Fawn

High-set,
tightly
curled tail
Large, dark,
round eyes





Short, thick
neck
Black
mask





Smooth, Broad chest
glossy coat










269

CATALOG OF BREEDS | COMPANION DOGS


Pekingese



HEIGHT WEIGHT LIFE SPAN Variety of colors
6–9in 11lb Over 12 years
(15–23cm) (5kg)


Dignified and courageous yet sensitive, this good-natured THE LION AND
dog has a mind of its own, making it difficult to train THE MARMOSET


Named after the Chinese capital (formerly By the 1820s breeding had reached its height In Chinese legend, the story is told that a
Peking, now Beijing), the Pekingese has been in China and the best dogs were painted by lion once fell in love with a marmoset—an
impossible love because of their differing sizes.
revealed through DNA analysis as one of court artists in “Imperial dog books,” which
The lion therefore begged Ah Chu, the protector
the oldest dog breeds in existence. Small, served as a visual pedigree. The dogs reached
of animals, to shrink his body to the same size
snub-nosed dogs have been associated the West when the British sacked the Imperial as the marmoset, but keep his lion’s heart and
with the Chinese Imperial Court since at Palace in 1860, capturing five of them. Less character. From the union of the two animals,
least the Tang dynasty (618–907CE). They controversially, in the 1900s the Dowager the Fu Lin, or “lion dog” was born (shown below
were considered sacred because of their Empress Cixi gave dogs as presents to some in an illustration from an Imperial Dog Book
with a Happa Dog, right).
resemblance to the lion—an exalted symbol of her European and American guests.
of Buddha—and could only be owned by The perfect dog for an apartment, the
royalty. Commoners had to bow to the dogs, Pekingese loves exercise but not long walks.
and anyone caught stealing one was put to It makes a loyal and fearless companion but
death. The smallest individuals were “sleeve can be jealous of children and other dogs.
dogs,” carried as guard dogs in noblemen’s
billowing sleeves.

Long, coarse,
straight topcoat
Gold
Lionlike mane
around face






















Very short muzzle













Lighter-colored
undercoat


270

COMPANION DOGS



Bichon Frise Coton de Tulear


HEIGHT 9–11in (23–28cm) HEIGHT 10–13in (25–32cm)
WEIGHT 11–15lb (5–7kg) WEIGHT 9–13lb (4–6kg)
LIFE SPAN Over 12 years LIFE SPAN Over 12 years

Sometimes known as the Tenerife dog, the Bichon Frise—a This small, long-haired dog is known for its happy temperament.
descendant of the French Water Dog (see p.229) and the Poodle The Coton de Tulear enjoys the company of humans as well as other
(see p.229)—was allegedly taken from Tenerife to France. This dogs and does not like to be left alone. It is sometimes called the
is a happy, little dog that loves to be the center of attention and Royal Dog of Madagascar, where the dog existed for several
does not like being left alone. hundred years before being introduced to France.

Topcoat is Well feathered Non-shedding,
coarser than soft, tail soft coat
dense undercoat

White
Round,
black
eyes Strong, powerful
muzzle


Pendant
ears
White
Round foot,
exaggerated
by cut of
coat


Lhasa Apso


HEIGHT Up to 10in (25cm) Variety of colors
WEIGHT 13–15lb (6–7kg)
LIFE SPAN 15–18 years

First bred in Tibet as a watchdog for temples and monasteries,
Dark, medium-sized Heavily feathered,
the Lhasa Apso was brought to Europe via India in the 1920s. eyes covered by hair pendant ears
It is a small, hardy dog that will happily walk for miles. Its
long, flowing coat is not difficult to care for. Very
affectionate, it can also be fairly stubborn.
Cloak of heavy,
High-set, straight hair, with
plumed tail thick undercoat
with kink at end


Wheaten
and white

















271

CATALOG OF BREEDS | COMPANION DOGS


Shih Tzu




HEIGHT WEIGHT LIFE SPAN Variety of colors
Up to 11in 11–18lb Over 10 years
(27cm) (5–8kg)


This intelligent, bouncy, and outgoing dog loves being part
of the family, making it a popular pet around the world

Black and
This sturdy breed is descended from the dogs survived in the UK and Norway, and the white
small, long-haired “lion dogs” that were English dogs formed the basis of today’s Shih
originally bred in Tibet. Tibetan lamas Tzu. The breed was officially recognized in
(spiritual leaders) sent some of these valuable the UK in 1934. English Shih Tzus were
dogs as tributes to the Chinese emperors, exported to Europe and Australia and, after
and these were then crossed with small World War II, reached the US, too. In their
dogs imported from the West in previous native land, however, numbers had been in
centuries. Like the Pekingese (see p.270), the decline, and by the time of the Communist
Shih Tzu was revered as a holy dog because it revolution in 1949, Shih Tzus had become
resembled the Chinese notion of a lion, which almost extinct in China. Today the Shih Tzu
was a holy Buddhist symbol. The breed name is one of the world’s most popular toy breeds.
means “little lion” in Chinese. Despite its dignified carriage, the Shih Tzu
The Shih Tzu was a favorite with makes an affectionate and friendly
royalty. During the late 19th century pet, although it can be strong-
Dowager Empress Cixi kept willed. The long coat requires
breeding kennels for Shih Tzus daily grooming but sheds little
(as well as Pugs (see p.268) and or no hair, making this breed
Pekingese (see p.270), but after suitable for allergy sufferers.
her death in 1908 the dogs
were dispersed.
After China became a
Gold with
republic in 1912, Shih Tzus black mask
were exported overseas.
Small groups of imported PUPPY




A NEW DISCOVERY

In 1930 two small black-and-white dogs, a male
and a female, were imported to the UK by Lady
Brownrigg, an avid dog breeder (right). A second
male was taken to Ireland. Descendants of these
three dogs were the foundation stock of Lady
Brownrigg’s kennel and are ancestral to many
of the dogs that exist today. When first shown
in 1933, in a class for Tibetan dogs, it was
immediately apparent that Lady Brownrigg’s
dogs were different from the Lhasa Apso (see
p.271) and the Tibetan Terrier (see p.283) and
this led her to form the Tibetan Lion Dog Club
and write the first breed standard.




LADY BROWNRIGG WITH
SOME OF HER SHIH TZUS



272

COMPANION DOGS





Hair grows upward
around muzzle
Heavily plumed tail
with white tip








Long, dense
topcoat



































White blaze
on forehead






























Short, muscular legs
hidden by long coat




273

CATALOG OF BREEDS | COMPANION DOGS



Löwchen Bolognese


HEIGHT 10–13in (25–33cm) Any color HEIGHT 10–12in (26–31cm)
WEIGHT 9–18lb (4–8kg) WEIGHT 7–9lb (3–4kg)
LIFE SPAN 12–14 years LIFE SPAN Over 12 years

The Löwchen originated in France and Germany. The name This breed originates from northern Italy; similar dogs were
Löwchen is German for “little lion,” hence its other name, the Little known as far back as Roman times and are represented in many
Lion Dog. It is a compact dog with a bright expression and a 16th-century Italian paintings. Slightly more reserved and shy than
reputation for agility and quickness. The Löwchen’s intelligent, its relative the Bichon Frise (see p.271), the Bolognese loves people
outgoing attitude makes it a pleasure to live with. It is highly and will form a close relationship with its owner. Like the Bichon
recommended as a pet and its size and non-shedding Frise, it has a non-shedding coat.
coat make it an ideal family dog.
Long, wavy coat Body length
Distinctive, same as height
non-shedding, to withers
Tail carried high flocked coat
over back
Round, black-
rimmed eyes
Brown
High-set,
drop ears
Black
and
silver

Coat often
long at front, White
and clipped
at back





Maltese Havanese


HEIGHT Up to 10in (25cm) HEIGHT 9–11in (23–28cm) Any color
WEIGHT 5–7lb (2–3kg) WEIGHT 7–13lb (3–6kg)
LIFE SPAN Over 12 years LIFE SPAN Over 12 years

An ancient dog from the Mediterranean, Maltese-like dogs The Havanese is the national dog of Cuba, where it is known
are mentioned in writings as far back as 300BCE. This is a lively, as the Habanero. A relative of the Bichon Frise (see p.271), it
fun-loving, little dog that belies its chocolate-box appearance. was probably brought to Cuba by Italian or Spanish traders.
The long, silky coat is a major commitment—it does not shed The Havanese loves to be at the center of its family, plays
but requires daily grooming to prevent matting. endlessly with children, and is also a good watchdog.

Short, cobby—or High-set
square—body Soft, silky,
tail carried wavy
Tail carried Long, over back topcoat
with hair silky coat
to one side
Wheaten
Well feathered,
long ears hang
close to head
Drop ears, set
just above eyes
White












274

Russian Toy



HEIGHT WEIGHT LIFE SPAN Red
8–11in Up to 7lb Over 12 years Black and tan
(20–28cm) (3kg) Blue and tan


Small but not delicate, and with a big personality,
TINY TERRIER
this lovable dog thrives on human company
Small dogs have always been very popular
as pets and many different breeds have been
Also known as the Russkiy Toy, this smooth-haired Russian Toy. The long-haired
created. One of the most recent is the Russian miniature dog is descended from English Russian Toy appeared in Moscow in 1958
Toy, which was accepted by the FCI in 2006.
Toy Terriers (see p.211), which were first when a puppy with a silky coat and fringed
It is one of the smallest breeds in the world,
and is about the same size as a Chihuahua brought to Russia in the 18th century to ears was born to smooth-haired parents.
(see p.282). Despite indulge the aristocracy’s enthusiasm for the After the fall of the Soviet Union in
its small size, two English way of life. This association with the 1980s, numbers of both the long- and
features of this tiny
nobility led to a serious drop in numbers short-haired toy terriers declined again, this
terrier are described during the Communist Revolution of 1917. time due to an influx of Western breeds.
as large—its dark,
Then in the late 1940s the decline was Though both types of Russian Toy remain
expressive eyes,
and its erect, further exacerbated when only dogs rare, official recognition in Russia in 1988
triangular ears. with a military function were bred. A few ensured their survival. Despite its tiny size and
miniature dogs did, however, survive and fragile appearance, the Russian Toy is active
their descendents became known as the and energetic, and usually has robust health.




SMOOTH-
HAIRED PUPPY Small,
round head
Pronounced
stop
Ears fringed with
long, silky hair
Round,
prominent
eyes
Long, slightly
wavy coat



Brown
and tan

Short,
close coat
Well feathered
tail extends
to hocks
Fawn
with black
overlay


Slight feathering
on back of legs



LONG-HAIRED SMOOTH-HAIRED




Small,
oval feet


275

CATALOG OF BREEDS

COMPANION DOGS


Poodle




HEIGHT WEIGHT LIFE SPAN Any solid color
Toy: up to 11in (28cm) Toy: 7–9lb (3–4kg) Over 12 years
Miniature: 11–15in (28–38cm) Miniature: 15–18lb (7–8kg)
Medium: 15–18in (38–45cm) Medium: 46–77lb (21–35kg)


This highly intelligent, extroverted dog with a natural talent CLIPPING STYLES
to amuse, is active, agile, and quick to learn
Poodles need to have their coats clipped
The smaller sizes of Poodle that today they are one of the most well-loved because they do not shed hair. In most clips,
some parts of the coat are left long while others
exist today are based on the Poodle breeds in the US. The most widely
are shaved. The original styles for working
(see p.229), and came into existence only recognized of the small Poodles are the Poodles (see p.229) were designed to protect
a short time after the Poodle emerged, Miniature and Toy. Another size, the legs from undergrowth and keep the vital
by deliberate downsizing of the larger dogs. recognized by the FCI, is the Medium organs warm, while the face, hindquarters, and
Poodlelike dogs appear in engravings by Poodle (also known as the Klein Poodle or upper legs were shaved for cleanliness and ease
of movement. Showing, performance, and
German artist Albrecht Dürer, from the late Moyen Poodle), which is intermediate in size
professional grooming have given rise to a
15th to early 16th century. These little between the Standard and Miniature.
number of clips, two of which are shown in
poodles have always been companion dogs; One unusual use for small Poodles has the 19th-century engraving below.
highly popular in the French court between been as circus dogs—their intelligence
the reigns of Louis XIV and Louis XVI, makes them easy to train for a wide variety
they were also favorites in the Spanish court, of tricks. It has been suggested that circus
and entered England in the life as well as the show ring has given
18th century. Small rise to the variety of fancy poodle clips.
poodles were introduced The Poodle is energetic, intelligent,
to the US in the late affectionate, and eager to please.
19th century but A sensitive dog, it tends to bond most
did not become closely with one person. The coat is
popular until the non-shedding, although it does need
1950s; however, regular brushing and clipping.





PUPPY Low-set,
long, drop
Moderate ears
stop
Short, strong back
















Apricot




Small, oval
feet covered
Clipped, woolly by hair
coat slightly
longer on legs
MINIATURE

277

CATALOG OF BREEDS | COMPANION DOGS



Kyi Leo


HEIGHT 9–11in (23–28cm) Variety of colors
WEIGHT 9–13lb (4–6kg)
LIFE SPAN 13–15 years May have tan markings.

A playful, affectionate American breed that is gaining popularity, the Long hair
Kyi Leo is named after its parents: Kyi, Tibetan for “dog,” after its Lhasa Tail curls over covers eyes
back when alert
Apso parent from Tibet; and Leo, Latin for “lion,” after its Maltese
parent, which was once called the
Lion Dog. Suited to indoor
Body length
life, this alert dog makes exceeds
leg length
a good watchdog.

Long, thick,
silky coat



Heavily
Short feathered,
muzzle drop ears
with beard


Black
and white Rounded
feet with hair
between toes




Cavalier King Charles Spaniel


HEIGHT 12–13in (30–33cm) Prince Charles (right)
WEIGHT 11–18lb (5–8kg) Ruby
LIFE SPAN Over 12 years White lozenge
mark on head
A relative of the English Toy Spaniel (opposite), ancestors of
this breed date back centuries. With large, dark eyes, a melting
expression, and an ever-wagging tail, the Cavalier King Charles
Spaniel is game, easy to train, and loves children—making it the Long, silky,
well feathered coat
perfect family pet. Its silky coat requires regular grooming. Blenheim with slight wave




High-set,
pendant ears
Short muzzle
King Charles








Feathering on
back of legs






278

English Toy Spaniel



HEIGHT WEIGHT LIFE SPAN Ruby
10–11in 9–13lb Over 12 years King Charles
(25–27cm) (4–6kg)


Naturally well behaved and eager to please, this dog
A ROYAL FAVORITE
makes a gentle and affectionate companion
King Charles II of England (1630–85) doted on his
companion dogs, which were allowed to roam all
Also known as the King Charles Spaniel, 19th century there were four varieties: the
over the palace, even on state occasions. (Anthony this British breed is related to the Cavalier King Charles (black and tan in color);
van Dyck’s painting, below, shows Charles while
King Charles Spaniel (opposite), although the Blenheim (red and white); the Ruby
still a child with two of his siblings and two of the
treasured dogs.) The diarist Samuel Pepys noted the latter is a more recent breed. The (deep red); and the Prince Charles (white
how much the king loved them—even his “silliness” ancestors of the English Toy Spaniel were with black and tan markings). All four
in playing with his dog instead of attending to first seen in European and English royal types were reclassified as one breed—the
business in meetings. The king’s strong attachment
courts in the 16th century, and thought English Toy Spaniel in 1903.
remains to this day, as the descendants of his dogs to be descended from small Chinese and The modern English Toy Spaniel is
are called King Charles Spaniels.
Japanese breeds. a quiet, obedient, but playful dog and
The original “comforters” looked like makes an excellent family pet. The breed
other spaniels, and some were used for lives quite happily in a small home and
hunting. From the late 18th century they needs only moderate exercise. It loves
were crossed with the Pug (see p.268) to company, so should not be left alone for
give a fashionably short nose and became long periods. The long coat requires
exclusively lap dogs. By the end of the grooming every few days.





Short, upturned
muzzle with large,
wide nostrils
Very
pronounced
stop
Characteristic
domed head
Pendant ears

Long,
Prince Charles silky coat Slightly undershot
jaw (lower jaw
longer than upper)

















Blenheim
Tan
Well padded markings
feet on legs






279

Ready for action
The alert expression, muscular body,
and tail carriage of this Chinese Crested
epitomize its playful personality. The
long, flowing head crest and fringed
ears add to its appeal.

Chinese Crested




HEIGHT WEIGHT LIFE SPAN Any color
9–13in Up to 11lb 12 years
(23–33cm) (5kg)


This elegant, intelligent dog attracts attention wherever
GYPSY ROSE LEE
it goes, but doesn’t require a lot of outdoor exercise
One of the first breeders of the modern Chinese
Crested dog was the famous American burlesque Hairlessness is a feature of several dog The variety of Chinese Crested that does
performer Gypsy Rose Lee. Lee first encountered breeds around the world. It is the result of a have hair—the Powderpuff—has a long,
the breed when her sister gave her a Chinese
Crested dog that she had rescued from an genetic mutation that was initially considered soft coat that needs regular grooming
animal shelter. Lee (below, left) included the dog a curiosity but then became desirable since to prevent matting. Both coat varieties can
in her act, thus helping to publicize the breed. the breed did not harbor fleas, shed hair, occur in the same litter. Some Chinese
She also founded the Lee breeding kennels or have body odor. Although the Chinese Crested dogs are more lightly built than
for Chinese Crested dogs in the 1950s, and
Crested requires little grooming, its bare skin others. These fine-boned individuals are
established one of the two main bloodlines is sensitive: in winter it needs a coat to keep referred to as the deer type, while Chinese
that exist today.
it warm, and in summer requires protection Crested dogs that have a heavier build are
from the intense heat of the sun, which can known as the cobby type.
burn and dry out its skin. This delicate skin,
combined with the fact that the breed needs Dark brown
little exercise and activity, makes it unsuitable with white Long,
markings soft coat
for owners who spend a lot of time outdoors.
However, it is an ideal companion dog for
older people due to its happy and friendly
nature and playful personality.
POWDERPUFF
VARIETY
Large,
erect ears Distinctive
stop

Long, flowing crest
extends from stop
Fine-grained, to base of neck
smooth skin
Blue



















Sock of white
Plume of hair on hair encircles
lower section of tail lower legs and feet










281

CATALOG OF BREEDS | COMPANION DOGS


Chihuahua



HEIGHT WEIGHT LIFE SPAN Any color
6–9in 5–7lb Over 12 years
(15–23cm) (2–3kg) Always a single color—never dappled or merle.


This companionable, intelligent, tiny dog with a large-dog GIDGET—THE TACO BELL DOG
personality makes a devoted pet
In 1997 a Chihuahua named Gidget was chosen
The smallest dog breed in the world, the The Chihuahua typically has an “apple as the mascot for the “Taco Bell” Tex-Mex food
chain. Gidget was a female, although the
Chihuahua is named after the Mexican state head” (short nose and rounded skull).
“character” she played in advertisements had
where it was discovered in the 1850s. It is There are two main varieties: short-haired
a male human voice with a “Mexican” accent. She
most probably descended from the Techichi, and long-haired. Both coats need only became a superstar and made the brand hugely
a small, mute dog kept by the indigenous minimal grooming. popular. Once the advertising campaign ended
Toltec people (c.800–1000CE) and sometimes The breed makes a lovable companion in 2000, Gidget appeared in further commercials
as well as a movie (Legally Blonde 2: Red, White,
eaten or sacrificed in religious rituals. dog and often becomes very attached
& Blonde). She died in 2009 at age 15.
Little dogs were known to explorer to its owner. It benefits from short walks
Christopher Columbus and to the Spanish and games every day. It is not usually
conquistadors by the 15th–16th century. recommended for children; adult owners
Chihuahuas were first imported to the US should take care to treat it as a dog rather
in the 1890s, and the AKC recognized the than a toy or fashion accessory.
breed in 1904. In the 1930s and 40s stars
such as actress Lupe Velez and bandleader
Large, triangular,
Xavier Cugat made the Chihuahua batlike ears
fashionable as a lap dog, and it is now
one of the most popular breeds in the US.



Distinctive
apple-shaped head
Medium-length tail Smooth,
carried high over back glossy topcoat



Large, round eyes








Fawn


Red

Coat has
lighter
underparts


Small,
dainty feet

LONG-HAIRED

SHORT-HAIRED


282

COMPANION DOGS



Tibetan Spaniel


HEIGHT 10in (25cm) Any color Head small in
WEIGHT 9–15lb (4–7kg ) proportion to body
LIFE SPAN Over 12 years Expressive, oval,
dark brown eyes
This small dog has a delightful, easy-going temperament. Bred and
owned by the monks of Tibet, the Tibetan Spaniel has a long history
and was first brought to the UK around 1900 by returning medical
missionaries. In spite of its slightly haughty expression, this dog is
only too happy to run around
a yard and play.

Feathered,
pendant ears










Sable
White
chest








Tibetan Terrier


HEIGHT 14–16in (36–41cm) Variety of colors
WEIGHT 18–31lb (8–14kg)
LIFE SPAN Over 10 years

Resembling a miniature Old English Sheepdog Long hair Feathered tail
falls over
(see p.56), the Tibetan Terrier was originally eyes curls over back
bred for herding and was also used as a
Caramel
guard dog for traders journeying to and and white
from China. This medium-sized dog
requires a firm hand, but the reward
is a loyal, devoted companion. The
long coat needs daily grooming.






Silky topcoat








Feathering covers
round, snow-
shoelike feet

283

CATALOG OF BREEDS | COMPANION DOGS



Japanese Chin North American


HEIGHT 8–11in (20–28cm ) Red and white Shepherd
WEIGHT 5–7lb (2–3kg )
LIFE SPAN Over 10 years
HEIGHT 13–18in (33–46cm) Red merle
WEIGHT 15–31lb (7–14kg) Blue merle
Ancestors of the Japanese Chin are thought to have been a royal LIFE SPAN 12–13 years
gift from China to the Emperor of Japan. This dog was bred
especially to warm the laps and hands of the ladies of Japan’s Downsized from the Australian Shepherd (see p.68)
Imperial Palace. Happy living in a small space, it makes an by American breeders, this dog is sometimes called
Drop ears
ideal apartment dog but its profuse coat sheds heavily. the Miniature Australian Shepherd. It is highly
intelligent, easy to train, and very good with children.
The North American Shepherd is eager to please,
Upturned
Compact,
Feathered nose but can be quite destructive
tail curves square
over back body if left on its own for long
periods of time.
Black
Symmetrical
marking on
domed head
Well feathered tail

Brown
eyes
Coat has tan and
Long, straight, white markings
Black and silky coat
white





Danish-Swedish Farmdog


HEIGHT 13–15in (32–37cm) Tricolor
WEIGHT 15–26lb (7–12kg)
LIFE SPAN 10–15 years

This working dog has historically been used on farms
in Denmark and Sweden as a herder, watchdog, and
ratter, as well as a companion. Always eager to play, Rounded croup
the Danish-Swedish Farmdog is good with children,
so can make a great family dog, but it does have
a tendency to chase
White
small animals. muzzle and
blaze
High-set,
button ears


Triangular-shaped
head is small in
relation to body White with
tan patches
Short, smooth coat











284

COMPANION DOGS



Himalayan Sheepdog


HEIGHT 20–25in (51–63cm) Gold
WEIGHT 51–60lb (23–27kg) Black
LIFE SPAN 10–11 years Black and tan (right)

Also known as the Bhotia, this Drop ears
rare dog from the foothills of the lie close
to head
Himalayas is related to the larger
Level back
Tibetan Mastiff (see p.80), but
its exact origins and former uses
are obscure. This is a powerful
dog with a strong herding
instinct. Kept as a family pet,
it is a good companion and
an efficient guard dog.


Creamy
white
Thick, Long, coarse
bushy tail topcoat



Catlike feet








Thai Ridgeback Muzzle longer
than skull
HEIGHT 20–24in (51–61cm) Isabella
WEIGHT 51–75lb (23–34kg) Red
LIFE SPAN 10–12 years Blue

An old breed and unknown outside Thailand until the mid-1970s, the Thai Ridge of hair on back lies
Ridgeback has since gained recognition in other countries. It was used for in opposite direction
to rest of coat
hunting, to follow carts, and as a guard dog. Its earlier geographic isolation
has resulted in most of its original natural instincts and drives remaining,
since there were few chances for it to breed with other dogs. Today, it is
primarily kept as a companion dog, and is naturally
protective of its home and family. It can make
a loyal, loving pet, but is often suspicious
of other dogs, and can be aggressive or Slightly
wrinkled
Erect
shy if not properly socialized. forehead
ears
Black
Short,
smooth
coat












285

CATALOG OF BREEDS | COMPANION DOGS


Dalmatian




HEIGHT WEIGHT LIFE SPAN White with liver spots
22–24in 40–60lb Over 10 years
(56–61cm) (18–27kg)


This playful and easy-going dog makes a good family pet,
but needs plenty of exercise and persistent training Black spots
are round and
The Dalmatian is the only spotted dog still keep Dalmatians as mascots. The clearly defined
in existence today. Its ancestry is unclear, breed is also an emblem of the American
although spotted dogs have been known Anheuser-Busch beer company, often seen
since ancient times in Europe, Africa, and running beside the wagons pulled by the
Asia. The FCI has defined the breed’s area famous Clydesdale horses.
of origin as Dalmatia, a region of Croatia The Dalmatian is intelligent, friendly,
on the eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea. and outgoing. It loves human company and
The breed has had many uses, including still has an affinity with horses. However,
as a hunting dog, a dog of war, and a guard it does have a great deal of energy and can
for livestock. The Dalmatian was especially be stubborn and aggressive with other
popular in the UK during the early 19th dogs, so an owner needs to give
century, when it was known as the “carriage it an active lifestyle and dedicate
dog” because it was trained to run under time to training.
or beside horse-drawn carriages, often The puppies are born pure
traveling very long distances. As well as white, and the black or
looking elegant, it protected the horses liver spots only start to
and carriage from marauding stray dogs. appear from about
In the US the Dalmatian was used four weeks of
as a “fire-house dog,” running with the age. The white
horse-drawn fire engines and barking to coat sheds a
clear the way for them. Some fire stations great deal.
Tail tapers
from base
to tip
101 DALMATIANS


The 1956 children’s book The Hundred and One
Dalmatians by Dodie Smith tells the story of a
litter of Dalmatians that is kidnapped by the evil
Cruella De Vil, to be skinned and turned into
coats. They are, fortunately, rescued by their
parents, Pongo and Perdita. Dalmatians became
hugely popular thanks to the two Walt Disney
films that followed. However, many new owners
lacked the experience to cope with this energetic
breed, and countless Dalmatians were Round, catlike feet
abandoned and ended up in rescue shelters. with well arched
toes













PUPPY


286

COMPANION DOGS


Clearly defined stop























White with
black spots


















High-set, drop
ears taper to
rounded points Black nose

Short, dense,
glossy coat








































287

Goldendoodle
This attractive dog is a cross between
a Poodle and a Golden Retriever. The
characteristics of the Poodle parent are
clearly evident.

CROSSBREEDS

































CROSSBREEDS







Dogs of mixed breeding vary from the so-called designer dogs, with purebred parents of two

different recognized breeds, to the bit-of-everything type, the result of accidental, random crosses
(see p.298). Some designer hybrids are now extremely fashionable. They are mostly given whimsical

combination names, such as Cockerpoo (a Cocker Spaniel-Poodle cross).



One of the reasons for creating crosses, although occasionally it has traits found in other breeds, such
modern hybrid dogs was to mix proved possible to produce a standard as the collie’s enthusiasm for work,
the desired characteristics from one and attempt to breed dogs to type. An and the tenacity of the terrier.
breed with the non-shedding coat of example of this is the Lucas Terrier Prospective owners of a crossbreed,
another. A cross of this type currently (see p.293), the result of crossing the designer dog should take into account
enjoying great popularity is the Sealyham Terrier (see p.189) and the personalities and temperaments
Labradoodle (see p.291), a mixture of the Norfolk Terrier (see p.192). of both breeds involved in the mix.
Labrador Retriever (see p.260) and Currently, few such crosses have These may be very different and either
Poodle (see p.229). However, achieved official breed recognition. one might predominate. It is also
even when the parents are readily Deliberate mixing of two specific important to consider both parent
recognized breeds such as these, it breeds to produce particular dogs’ requirements for general care
may be impossible to predict which characteristics has proliferated since and exercise.
side of the family the puppies will the end of the 20th century, but is by All crossbred dogs are commonly
favor. Labradoodles, for example, no means a modern trend. One of the believed to be more intelligent than
show little consistency from litter best-known crossbreeds, the Lurcher pedigree dogs, but there is no sound
to litter, some puppies inheriting (see p.290), has been around for several evidence for this. Random breeds
the curly poodle coat while others hundred years. This dog combines the are often said to be healthier than
are more obviously influenced by qualities of speedy sight hounds, such purebreds, and it is true that they are
the Labrador parent. Such lack of as the Greyhound (see p.126) and at much lower risk of the inherited
standardization is common in designer Whippet (see p.128), with desirable diseases prevalent in some breeds.




289

CATALOG OF BREEDS | CROSSBREEDS



Lurcher


HEIGHT 22–28in (55–71cm) Any color
WEIGHT 60–71lb (27–32kg)
LIFE SPAN 13–14 years

Famed as a poacher’s dog and used to hunt rabbit and
hare, Lurchers were traditionally first-generation
crosses of a sight hound with a terrier or
a herding dog. Today they are also Blue merle
bred with each other and ideally
are greyhound size. In the home
Lurchers are peaceful and tolerant Round eyes Fine,
give alert pointed
and make fine family companions. expression
muzzle


Long,
Rough coat slender
legs
Belly distinctly
Slight tucked up
feathering
on tail










Cockerpoo


HEIGHT Toy: Up to 10in (25cm); Miniature: 11–14in (28–35cm); Standard: Over 15in (38cm) Any color
WEIGHT Toy: Up to 11lb (5kg); Miniature: 13–20lb (6–9kg); Standard: Over 22lb (10kg)
LIFE SPAN 14–15 years

Most Cockerpoos are first-generation crosses
of a Toy or Miniature Poodle (see p.276) Large, round,
with a Cocker Spaniel or sometimes dark eyes Long hair
on muzzle
English Cocker Spaniel (see pp.222– Square and
compact body
23). They are particularly valued for
their tractable and affectionate
characters. Their appearance is
a variable mix of the parent breeds,
but always with a wavy coat that
sheds very little.


Drop ears covered
with long, silky hair
Light fawn



Tail usually STANDARD Large paws
feathered covered
with hair





290

Labradoodle



HEIGHT WEIGHT LIFE SPAN Any color
Miniature: 14–16in (36–41cm) Miniature: 15–24lb (7–11kg) 14–15 years
Medium: 17–20in (43–51cm) Medium: 31–44lb (14–20kg)
Standard: 21–24in (53–61cm) Standard: 51–65lb (23–29kg)



Increasingly popular, this dog’s reliably playful, affectionate,
DONALD CAMPBELL’S DOG
and intelligent temperament reflects its parentage
Individual crosses between the Poodle and the
Labrador Retriever were known before the This hybrid dog was founded when Wally In Australia the Labradoodle is on its way
founding of the Labradoodle as a “breed.” One
Conron of Guide Dogs Victoria, Australia, to becoming a pedigree breed. Elsewhere it
such dog belonged to Donald Campbell, CBE
(below, left), who set land and water speed received a request from a vision-impaired remains a crossbreed, with no official status
records in Britain in the 1950s and 60s. In his woman in Hawaii who needed a guide dog but in huge demand.
1955 autobiography, Into the Water Barrier, that would not aggravate her husband’s First-generation crosses vary in
Campbell referred to his beloved Maxie, a dog allergy. Conron mated a Poodle appearance; later Labradoodle-only
Labrador-Poodle cross born in 1949, as (a breed with a coat suitable for people breedings are more predictable. There
a “Labradoodle”—long before breeder
with allergies) with a Labrador Retriever are now two main Labradoodle varieties,
Wally Conron used the name in Australia.
guide dog. One of the resulting puppies, distinguished by coat type: wool coat
a male named Sultan, had the required (tightly curled like a Poodle’s) and
non-irritating coat and a good fleece coat (long and loosely curled).
temperament. He became the first The Labradoodle has rapidly gained
recognized Labradoodle, a cross between popularity as a family dog. The dog’s
the Labrador Retriever (see p.260) and friendly, intelligent nature attracts owners
Poodles (see pp.229, 276). as much as its appearance.






Large, round,
dark eyes


Apricot
Drop ears


Body slightly
heavier than a
Poodle (see p.229)

Long,
curved tail
Cream underparts


Tucked-up
belly
Curly coat has
little dander


STANDARD




Medium-sized,
round feet





291

CATALOG OF BREEDS | CROSSBREEDS



Bichon Yorkie


HEIGHT 9–12in (23–31cm) Variety of colors
WEIGHT 7–13lb (3–6kg)
LIFE SPAN 13–15 years
Dark nose
Some crossbreeds are created deliberately,
but the first Bichon Frise (see p.271)
and Yorkshire Terrier (see p.190) mix
High-set
was a happy accident that breeders ears Round, dark eyes
have chosen to repeat. The result Double-layered,
is the Bichon Yorkie—a dog that is silky, curly coat
usually larger than the diminutive
Yorkshire Terrier, with the feisty
spirit of its terrier parent
tempered by the more
compliant nature of
the Bichon Frise.



Darker,
plumed tail
Orange
and white



Round,
tight feet



Bull Boxer Small, semi-erect,
drop ears
HEIGHT 16–21in (41–53cm) Any color
WEIGHT 37–53lb (17–24kg)
LIFE SPAN 12–13 years

The Bull Boxer is a cross between the laid-back Boxer
Black
(see p.90) and bullbaiting dogs such as the Staffordshire
Bull Terrier (see p.214), which is highly popular but may
be difficult with other pets. The Bull Boxer occupies
the middle ground in size and character.
This dog needs commitment,
but rewards its owner well. Long,
tapering,
curved
tail
Rounded eyes have
alert expression

Broad, deep,
white chest
Smooth,
shiny, short,
dense coat
Legs longer than
Staffordshire
Bull Terrier’s
(see p.214)




White markings
on feet

292

Lucas Terrier



HEIGHT WEIGHT LIFE SPAN White
9–12in 11–20lb 14–15 years Tan coats may have a black or badger-gray saddle. White
(23–30cm) (5–9kg) coats may be marked with black, badger-gray, and/or tan.


This friendly, non-yappy terrier thrives on long walks CREATING A WORKING
and gets along well with children and other pets TERRIER


This rare working terrier was produced in to promote and improve the Lucas Terrier. Sir Jocelyn Lucas was a well-known Sealyham
the 1940s by crossing Norfolk Terriers (see The Lucas Terrier Club created a breed breeder who was unhappy about the increase
in size and weight of show dogs. Not only were
p.192) with Sealyham Terriers (see p.189). standard in 1988 and in recent years has
they no longer suited to the work for which they
The Lucas Terrier is named after its first been trying to obtain official recognition—
were bred, but his dogs also sometimes had
breeder, Sir Jocelyn Lucas, a British to date unsuccessfully. There are now whelping problems when crossed with show
politician and sportsman who wanted to believed to be around 400 of these dogs dogs. As a result, he decided to outcross his
develop a hunting dog that was smaller in the UK and around 100 in the US. dogs with Norfolk Terriers when he bred from
and more nimble than the Sealyham Today the Lucas Terrier is kept mainly as them for the first time. He was so impressed
with the puppies from
Terrier. From the 1960s Lucas Terriers a companion dog. Biddable, smart, and eager
these matings that
were also exported to the US, where they to please, the breed is easy to train. It is also
he continued
proved popular with a variety of people, good with children and well behaved in the breeding them,
including Hollywood stars. house, provided it has a vigorous daily walk. and in doing
After the death of Sir Jocelyn and his It has typical terrier traits, such as enjoying so created the
business partner, the Hon. Enid Plummer, play and loving to dig, but is less inclined to Lucas Terrier.
a breed society was set up in the UK in 1987 bark than many other terrier breeds.



SIR JOCELYN
LUCAS WITH
MINIATURE
Almond-shaped, SEALYHAM
dark eyes
Thick-rooted, PUPPIES
well furred tail
Small, V-shaped ears



Body length
exceeds
leg length




Black
nose

Long hair forms
mustache and beard


Medium-length,
coarse coat




Light tan









293

CATALOG OF BREEDS | CROSSBREEDS


Goldendoodle



HEIGHT WEIGHT LIFE SPAN Any color
Up to 24in 51–90lb 10–15 years
(61cm) (23–41kg)


A delightful new crossbreed, this dog is sociable
ALLERGY SUFFERER’S DOG
and easy to train and a pleasure to live with
The Goldendoodle is often spoken of as a
“hypoallergenic” or “non-shedding” dog suitable
One of the newest “designer dogs,” each other, or bred back to Poodles.
for people who normally have allergies to this mixture of the Poodle and the Golden There are three coat types: straight, like
dogs. While there is no such thing as a truly
Retriever (see p.259) was first bred in the a Golden Retriever’s coat; curly, like a
hypoallergenic dog (that is, rarely or never
causing allergies), Goldendoodles do shed US and Australia in the 1990s. Since then Poodle’s coat; and wavy, with loose,
more lightly than other breeds, especially those the Goldendoodle’s growing popularity shaggy curls.
Goldendoodles with curly or wavy coats, and has encouraged breeders elsewhere to Goldendoodles are in demand as guide
their skin sheds less dander. This may make them
continue its development. The original dogs, assistance dogs, and therapy dogs,
more suitable as pets for people who are known “standard” Goldendoodles were crosses and for search and rescue work. They
to have allergic reactions to dogs (or dog hair).
between the Standard Poodle (see p.229) are also hugely popular as pets; in 2012
and the Golden Retriever, but from 1999 US musician Usher bid $12,000 for a
smaller “medium,” “miniature,” and Goldendoodle puppy at a charity auction.
“petite” Goldendoodles have been bred, Energetic but gentle, Goldendoodles are
with the smaller sizes having Miniature usually easy to train. They get along well
Poodle or Toy Poodle parents (see p.276). with children and other pets and love
Most of these dogs are first-generation human company.
crosses and vary considerably in appearance.
Goldendoodles may also be crossbred with
Dark eyes with
kind expression



Well-defined stop
Drop ears
slightly darker
than rest of coat
Darker saddle Brown nose
of hair



Thick,
curly coat








Apricot

Slightly
tucked-up belly


Front feet
larger than
back feet
Heavily
feathered
tail






294

Labradinger



HEIGHT WEIGHT LIFE SPAN Yellow
18–22in 55–90lb 10–14 years Liver
(46–56cm) (25–41kg) Chocolate


This attractive all-arounder is suitable as both a gundog
TREO, THE ARMY DOG
and family dog, given sufficient exercise
A Spaniel-Labrador cross named Treo has
become a military hero for his work with the
A cross between the Labrador Retriever finer-featured head. They are larger than an
British Army in Afghanistan. Treo was originally (see p.260) and the English Springer Spaniel English Springer Spaniel, with longer legs.
given to the army because of his tendency to
(see p.224), this dog is also sometimes known The coat may be straight and flat, or a bit
snap and growl at people. However, he went on
to distinguish himself as an arms and explosives as the Springador. Unplanned mixing of longer and more ruffled.
detection dog, working with handler Sergeant these two breeds is likely to have occurred The Labradinger is an excellent gundog
Dave Heyhoe. On two occasions he detected for centuries on traditional country estates that can be trained both to retrieve like a
chains of roadside bombs planted
where such gundogs were kept. Benefiting Labrador and to flush game as a spaniel does.
by the Taliban, enabling the from recent interest in “designer” It is also proving very successful as a family
bombs to be defused and
crossbreeds such as the Labradoodle dog. These dogs are intelligent, fun-loving,
saving many lives. He was
awarded the Dickin (see p.291), the Labradinger has now affectionate, and highly people-oriented.
Medal—the “Animals’ acquired both popularity and a name. They need lots of company and plenty of
Victoria Cross”— Labradingers vary in appearance, but exercise every day, including walks and
for his bravery.
they tend to be smaller and lighter in build games, to prevent them from becoming
than a Labrador Retriever, with a slightly bored and developing behavioral problems.






TREO AND Drop ears with Amber eyes
HANDLER rounded tips
SERGEANT DAVE
HEYHOE POSE Slight stop
WITH DICKIN
MEDAL



Level back











Thick tail
extends to
hock
White
Black marking on
deep chest
Soft,
wavy coat



Compact feet with
well arched toes







295

CATALOG OF BREEDS

CROSSBREEDS


Puggle A CELEBRITY PET


The Puggle’s meteoric rise to fame has been
HEIGHT WEIGHT LIFE SPAN Red or tan Any of these colors with helped by the huge celebrity interest in the dog.
10–15in 15–31lb 10–13 years Lemon white (particolor). May Stars such as James Gandolfini, Jake Gyllenhaal,
(25–38cm) (7–14kg) Black have black mask. Uma Thurman, and renowned dog-lover Henry
Winkler (below) are just a few of those who own
a Puggle. In taking the dogs with them to parties,
A sweet-tempered, intelligent dog that makes an ideal TV shows, and media events, and being
family companion if given sufficient exercise photographed with them, celebrities have helped
introduce the Puggle to the public. People
wanted to know what this unusual dog was and
One of the most newly created “designer more than 50 percent of sales of crossbred
some then went further and purchased one.
dogs,” the Puggle is a cross between a Pug dogs. The Puggle is now the most popular
(see p.268) and a Beagle (see p.152). These crossbreed in the US and in 2013 puppies
dogs were developed in the US in the 1990s. were sold for as much as $1,000 each.
The breeders’ original goal was to produce The Puggle looks like a snub-nosed Beagle,
a dog with a Pug’s compact size and a and often has a curly tail and black facial
Beagle’s sweet nature, but without some mask like a Pug. Easy to train, it makes a
of the health problems that can afflict Pugs. lively and affectionate family dog, bonding
The new crossbreed is now registered with easily with its owners and loving human
the American Canine Hybrid Club. company. It is good with children and readily
In recent years the Puggle has seen a huge accepts strangers and other dogs. Because it
rise in popularity. It was named in the US will easily adapt to living in an apartment, it
media as the “Hottest Dog of is particularly popular in urban areas such as
2005” and has been an Los Angeles and New York. The Puggle
enormous hit with celebrities needs daily walks, including games, to keep
and Hollywood stars. In happy. The short-haired coat requires little
2006 Puggles accounted for grooming, aside from a weekly brushing.

Very pronounced
stop


Drop ears with
Square body some black hairs



YOUNG DOG





Short, dark
muzzle
Lighter-colored
chest and throat



Fawn

Short, smooth
double coat






Compact,
round feet





297

CATALOGUE OF BREEDS | RANDOM BREEDS


Random Breeds
DOGS WITH UNKNOWN
ANCESTORS


These dogs may lack a pedigree but they
can provide love, companionship, and fun

Dogs with random breeding are usually of
unknown ancestry, with the parents themselves
likely to be the result of accidental mixings.
Choosing a random-bred puppy is a bit of a
lottery for prospective owners as it is difficult to
predict what the dog will look like at maturity.
But random-bred dogs tend to be healthier than
pedigree dogs as there is less likelihood of an
inheritable genetic disorder being passed on.
Many rescue centre dogs are random crossbreds;
in the majority of cases they make excellent pets.



Semi-long, soft coats
Dogs that may have collies
or spaniels among their Head is like that of a
ancestors often have silky Labrador Retriever (see p.260)
coats with feathered legs, and
fringed ears that are either
semi-erect or hang down
close to their heads. High-set, drop ears
with fringed edges Smooth, silky
coat like a
Border Collie’s
(see p.51)






Silky coat with
Feathered legs feathering
with tan markings
resembles
a spaniel’s






Asymmetrical black
patches less acceptable
in pedigree dogs
Longer hair on
Semi-erect ears
underside of neck
and on chest
Semi-long, wavy coat
is typical of a collie

Short hair on
front of forelegs













298