Pali Pakaso

शासन ननरण्य क्रमांक : अभयास-२११६/(प्र.क्र.४३/१६) एसडी-४ निनांक २५.४.२०१६ अन्वये स्ापन
करणयात आलेलया समन्वय सनमतीचया नि. ३०.०१.२०२० रोजीचया बैठकीमधये हे पाठ्यपुसतक सन २०२०-२१

या शैक्षनरक ्वरा्णपासून ननरा्णररत करणयास मानयता िेणयात आली आहे.

nm{b nH$mgmo

B¶ËVm ~mamdr

2020
‘hmamîQ´> amÁ¶ nmR>çnwñVH$ {Z{‘©Vr d Aä¶mgH«$‘ g§emoYZ ‘§S>i, nwUo - 411004

Amnë¶m ñ‘mQ>©’$moZdarb DIKSHA APP X²dmao nmR>çnwñVH$mÀ¶m n{hë¶m n¥îR>mdarb
Q.R. Code X²dmao {S>{OQ>b nmR>çnwñVH$ d nmR>çnwñVH$mVrb à˶oH$ nmR>mg§~§{YV
Aܶ¶Z AܶmnZmgmR>r Cn¶w³V ÑH²$-lmì¶ gm{h˶ CnbãY hmoB©b.

àW‘md¥Îmr : 2020 © ‘hmamîQ´> amÁ¶ nmR>çnwñVH$ {Z{‘©Vr d Aä¶mgH«$‘ g§emoYZ ‘§S>i, nwUo
¶m nwñVH$mMo gd© h³H$ ‘hmamîQ´> amÁ¶ nmR>çnwñVH$ {Z{‘©Vr d Aä¶mgH«$‘ g§emoYZ ‘§S>imH$S>o
amhVrb. ¶m nwñVH$mVrc H$moUVmhr ^mJ g§MmcH$, ‘hmamîQ´> amÁ¶ nmR>çnwñVH$ {Z{‘©Vr d

Aä¶mgH«$‘ g§emoYZ ‘§S>i ¶m§À¶m boIr nadmZJr{edm¶ CX²Y¥V H$aVm ¶oUma Zmhr.

nm{b ^mfm VÁk g{‘Vr मुखपृष्ठ ्व सजा्वट
S>m°. {d‘b{H$Vu, ZmJnya (Aܶj) lr. ¶ed§V Xoe‘wI, चित्रकार, पुणे
lr. ‘mYd ‘olm‘, A§~mOmoJmB© (gXñ¶)
lr. AemoH$ n¡R>Uo, A‘amdVr (gXñ¶) अक्षरजुळरी
S>m°. g§Vmof ^mogbo, Am¡a§Jm~mX (gXñ¶) ^mfm {d^mJ, nmR>çnñw VH$ ‘S§ >i, nUw o
lr. n§Om~ ßm«YmZ, CëhmgZJa (gXñ¶)
S>m°. ‘mohZ dmZIS>o, ZmJnya (gXñ¶) g§¶moOZ
lr. {H$VuamO bmoUmao, A§~mOmoJmB© (gXñ¶) lr‘Vr g{dVm A{Zb dm¶i
lr. gmonmZ nR>mS>o, ¶dV‘mi (gXñ¶)
lr‘Vr g{dVm A{Zb dm¶i (gXñ¶ g{Md) {deofm{YH$mar, ‘amR>r
nmR>çnwñVH$ ‘§S>i, nwUo.
nm{b ^mfm Aä¶mgJQ> gXñ¶
S>m°. ¶moOZm ^JV नननमण्ती
S>m°. {dídZmW Mm¡anJma सच्चितानंि आफळे
lr‘Vr. V¥ßVramUr Vm¶S>o मुख्य चिचमतिम ी अचिकारी
lr. am‘H¥$îU VmJS>o lr. amO|Ð qMXaH$a
lr‘Vr. {dUm ZH$mVo चिचमतमि ी अचिकारी
lr‘Vr. {Zén‘m ^moao lr. amO|Ð nm§S>bmogH$a
lr. nwéfmoÎm‘ {gagmR> सहा्यक चिचमितम ी अचिकारी
lr. {Xbrn gmoZmoZo
lr. à«^wXmg Vm¶S>o कागि
lr. {dídOrV aJS>o ७० जी.एस.एम.क्रीमवोवह
S>m°. ‘Zrf AmZ§X
S>m°. ~mbmOr Jìhmio मदु ्ररािशे

मदु ्रक

àH$meH$
{ddoH$ CËV‘ Jmogmdr

{Z¶§ÌH$
nmR>çnwñVH$ {Z{‘©Vr ‘§S>i, à^mXodr, ‘w§~B© - 25.

C

amîQ´>JrV

OZJU_Z-A{YZm`H$ O` ho
^maV-^m½`{dYmVm&

n§Om~, qgYw, JwOamV, _amR>m,
Ðm{dS>, CËH$b, ~§J,

{d§Ü`, {h_mMb, `_wZm, J§Jm,
CÀN>b Ob{YVa§J,

Vd ew^ Zm‘o OmJo, Vd ew^ Am{eg _mJo,
Jmho Vd O`JmWm,

OZJU ‘§JbXm¶H$ O` ho,
^maV-^m½`{dYmVm&

O` ho, O` ho, O` ho,
O` O` O`, O` ho&&

n{Q>ÄÄmm

^maVmo ‘‘ Xogmo &
gã~o M ^maVr¶m ‘‘ ~mÝYdm &
ApËW Xog{dg¶o ‘o no‘§ &
‘‘ Xogñg ¶m g{‘ÕVm,
¶m M {d{dYVm¶ ‘pÊS>Vm naånam, Vñgmh§ ‘m{Z &
EV§ Xm¶ÁO§ CngånmXoVw§ Ah§ Xùhna³H$‘mo ^{dñgm{‘ &
Ah§ ‘mVm{nVwÞ§ M AmM[a¶mZ§ M nmM[a¶mZ§ M
d¶mo-AZwßnÎmmZ§ g³H$[añgm{‘ &
gã~o OZo Ah§ gmoaVm¶ n{QnpÁOñgm{‘ &
Ah§ Xog{dg¶o Xog~mÝYd{dg¶o M Xùh^qÎm
n{Q>OmZm{‘ &
¶§ Vog§ H$ë¶mU§ V§ Ed hmoVw ‘o H$ë¶mU§,
¶m Vog§ g{‘{Õ gm ‘o g{‘{Õ
¶§ Vog§ gwI§ V§ ‘o gwI§&

E EàñVmdZm
{ච{dXçmWu {‘Ìm§Zmo,

Vwåhm gdmªMo B¶Îmm ~mamdrÀ¶m dJm©V ñdmJV Amho."nm{b nH$mgmo' ho B¶Îmm ~mamdr nm{b nmR>çnwñVH$ Amnë¶m hmVr
XoVmZm AmZ§X hmoV Amho.

¶m nmR>çnwñVH$mÀ¶m A§Va§JmV S>moH$mdë¶mZ§Va Amnë¶m bjmV ¶oB©b, H$s ñdmV§Í¶, g‘Vm, ~§YwVm, ݶm¶ ¶m g§{dYm{ZH$
‘yë¶m§Mr OmUrd Amnë¶m‘ܶo ìhmdr, ¶m ÑîQ>rZo nmR>çKQ>H$m§Mr {ZdS> H$aʶmV Ambobr Amho. ¶m nmR>çnwñVH$mMo d¡{eîQ>ç
åhUOo à˶oH$ nmR>çKQ>H$mdarb ñdmܶm¶m§Mo ñdê$n Am{U ˶m‘Yrb {d{dYVm, ¶m‘wio nmR>çKQ>H$m§Mo A§Va§J g‘OyZ Koʶmg
{deof ‘XV hmoD$ eH$Vo. {dXçm϶mªMr AmH$bZe³Vr, {dMmae³Vr, H$ënZme³Vr Am{U g¥OZerbVm {dH${gV H$aʶmÀ¶m
CX²XoemZo ñdmܶm¶m§Vrb H¥$VtMr aMZm H$aʶmV Ambobr Amho. ¶mM ÑîQ>rZo JXç-nXç nmR>m§Mr {ZdS> H$aʶmV Ambobr
AgyZ ˶mVrb a§OH$Vm d gwb^Vm ¶mda ^a XoʶmV Ambobm Amho. nmR>çnwñVH$mMm Aä¶mg H$aVmZm {dXçm϶m©bm Aä¶mgmMo
AmoPo dmQ>Uma Zmhr, nmR>m§VamMo XS>nUhr amhUma Zmhr, Aem àH$maMr ¶m nmR>çnwñVH$mMr aMZm H$aʶmV Ambobr Amho.

{dXçm϶mªMo ‘y붑mnZ H¥${Vn{ÌHo$À¶m ‘mܶ‘mVyZ hmoUma Amho. ¶m‘wio {dXçm϶mªZm ^mfoÀ¶m Aܶ¶ZmMr AmdS>
{Z‘m©U hmoB©b, {dXçm϶mªMr Aܶ¶Z à{H«$¶m erbàkoZo¶w³V hmoD$Z kmZaMZmË‘H$ nÕVrZo J{V‘mZ hmoʶmg ‘XV hmoB©b.
nmR>çnwñVH$mV {Xboë¶m [MÌm§‘YyZ VËH$m{bZ nmoemI, Am^yfUo, amhUr‘mZ, OrdZnÕVr B˶mXr~m~VMr ‘m{hVr ghOVoZo
hmoB©b. VgoM Aä¶mgmÀ¶m Ñ{ï>H$moZmVyZ Amdí¶H$ Vr n[a{eîQ>o XoʶmV Ambr AmhoV.

{dÚm϶mª‘ܶo gm‘m{OH$ OmUrd {Z‘m©U ìhmdr, amîQ´>ào‘ {Z‘m©U ìhmdo, Vo gXmMmar ìhmdoV hm hoVy S>moiçm§g‘moa
R>oD$ZM nmR>çKQ>H$m§Mr {ZdS> H$aʶmV Ambobr Amho. {^³Iy-{^³IyZr g§KmMr g§nyU© H$m¶©àUmbr bmoH$emhr ñdê$nmMr
hmoVr. doJdoJiçm Hw$imVyZ, OmVrVyZ, Y‘m©VyZ, àm§VmVyZ Ambobo bmoH$ g§KmV àd«{‚mV Pmë¶mZ§Va Vo Amnbo gd© ^oX {dgê$Z
˶m§Mr Ho$di "em³¶nwÌr¶ l‘U-l‘Ur åhUyZ AmoiI Agm¶Mr, ¶m‘YyZ Amnë¶mbm amîQ´>r¶ EH$mË‘VoMm g§Xoe {‘iVmo.
"M[a¶m{nQ>H$' ¶m KQ>H$mVyZ H${R>UmVrb H$R>rU H$m¶© H$aʶmMo, AmnÎmrbm Vm|S> XoʶmMo, gwI-Xþ:ImV g‘^mdmZo amhʶmMo
{dMma {XgyZ ¶oVmV. gd©M nmR>çKQ>H$ Ago AmhoV, H$s Oo Amnë¶mbm gwg§ñH¥$V AmMaU H$aʶmg ào[aV H$aVmV.

nmR>çKQ>H$mg§~§Yr ‘m{hVr {‘i{dʶmgmR>r A°nÀ¶m ‘mܶ‘mVyZ ³¶y.Ama. H$moS>Ûmao Cn¶w³V ÑH$-lmì¶ gm{h˶
CnbãY hmoB©b. ˶mMm AmnUmbm Aä¶mgmgmR>r {ZpíMVnUo Cn¶moJ hmoB©b.

àñVwV nmR>çnwñVH$ V¶ma H$aʶmÀ¶m H$m‘r nm{b ^mfm VÁk g{‘Vr, nm{b ^mfm Aä¶mgJQ> gXñ¶ ¶m gdmªZr n[al‘
KoD$Z nmR>çnwñVH$ V¶ma Ho$bo Amho. nm{b ^mfoMo {ejH$ d VÁk ¶m§À¶mH$Sy>Z ¶m nwñVH$mMo g‘rjU H$ê$Z KoʶmV Ambo.
g‘rjH$m§À¶m gyMZm d A{^àm¶ ¶m§Mm {dMma H$ê$Z ¶m nwñVH$mbm A§{V‘ ñdê$n {Xbo Amho.

^mfoÀ¶m {dH$mgm~amo~aM {dXçm϶mªMr Z¡{VH$Vm, {dMmaj‘Vm, A{^춳Vr H$m¡eë¶, namonH$ma ^mdZm, ñd‘V
àH$Q>rH$aU Am{U amîQ´>r¶ ‘yë¶o ¶m§À¶m {dH$mgmgmR>r "nm{b nH$mgmo' ho nwñVH$ Cn¶w³V R>ê$ eHo$b. VgoM {dXçmWu, nmbH$,
{ejH$ ¶m nwñVH$mMo ñdmJV H$aVrb Aer Anojm Amho.

EnwUo ({ddoH$ Jmogmdr) E
{XZm§H$ :- 21 ’o$~«wdmar, 2020 g§MmbH$
^maVr¶ gm¡a {XZm§H$ : 2 ’$mëJwZ, 1941
‘hmamîQ´> amÁ¶ nmR>çnwñVH$ {Z{‘©Vr d

Aä¶mgH«$‘ g§emoYZ ‘§S>i, nwUo

Z ^mfm{df¶H$ j‘Vm : nm{b Z

B¶Îmm ~mamdrÀ¶m {dÚm϶mª‘ܶo nm{b ^mfm{df¶H$ Imcrc j‘Vm {dH${gV ìhmì¶mV, Aer Anojm Amho.

joÌ j‘Vm

l nm{b {V{nQ>H$ gm{h˶mVrb ^mdmW© g‘OyZ KoVm ¶oUo.

l nm{b ^mfoVrb {d{dY gm{h˶àH$mam§À¶m Üd{Z{’$Vr EoHy$Z ˶m§Vrb ñdamKmV, Amamoh-Adamoh ¶m
d¡{eîQ>çm§Mr OmU hmoUo.

ldU l nm{b ^mfoVrb Am¡nMm[aH$ d AZm¡nMm[aH$ g§dmX, g§^mfU d ì¶m»¶mZo EoHy$Z {M{H$ËgH$ {dMmamgh
˶mV gh^mJr hmoVm ¶oUo.

l Amnë¶m n[agamV ~mobë¶m OmUmè¶m {d{dY ~mobr^mfm EoHy$Z ˶m§À¶m d¡{eîQ>çm§Zwgma VwbZm H$aVm ¶oUo.

l Am§VaOmbmdê$Z qb³g², ³¶y. Ama. H$moS>, pìh{S>AmoO, ¶y-Q>çy~ d àgma‘mܶ‘o, ÑH²$-lmì¶ B˶mXr
‘mܶ‘m§VyZ Ano{jV d Aܶ¶ZnyaH$ g§X^© {dH${gV H$aUo.

^mfU-g§^mfU l nm{b ^mfoVrb Cƒmad¡{eîQ>çm§Zm AZwgê$Z {V{nQ>H$mVrb JmWm§Mo nR>U Am{U g§^mfU H$aVm ¶oUo.

l nmR>çnwñVH$mV A§V^y©V Agboë¶m KQ>H$m§Mo gmXarH$aU H$aVm ¶oUo.

l {df¶mbm AZwgê$Z ñdV:Mo ñdV§Ì {dMma g§X^m©gh ‘m§S>Vm ¶oUo.

l nm{b ^mfoVrb Aܶ¶Z H¥$VtZm {df¶mbm AZwgê$Z AZw^d H$WZ H$aVm ¶oUo.
l nm{b ^mfoV EH$‘oH$m§er g§^mfU H$aVm ¶oUo.

dmMZ l ¶mo½¶ JVrZo d {dam‘{MÝhm§Mr XIb KoD$Z àH$Q> dmMZ H$aVm ¶oUo.

l nm{b gm{h˶mVrb {V{nQ>H$ d AZw{nQ>H$ gm{h˶àH$mam§Mo dmMZ H$ê$Z ˶mMm AmñdmX KoUo.

l g§Ho$VñWimdarb B©-~w³g, B©-gm{h˶ emoYyZ dmMZ H$aVm ¶oUo d ˶m ‘m{hVrMm

ñd¶§Aܶ¶ZmgmR>r Cn¶moJ H$ê$Z ˶mMr nyd©kmZmer gm§JS> KmbVm ¶oUo.

l nmR>mer g§~§{YV ‘yi gm{h˶ d g§X^u¶ gm{h˶mMo dmMZ H$aUo.

boIZ l boIZ H$aVmZm ewÕboIZmÀ¶m {Z¶‘m§Mo nmbZ H$aVm ¶oUo.
l ^mfm {Z¶‘m§Zm AZwgê$Z g§dmX, dU©Z, bKwn[aÀN>oX {b{hVm ¶oUo.

l ‘mܶ‘^mfoVrb ^mfm {Z¶‘mbm AZwgê$Z AZwdmX boIZ d Cn¶mo{OV boIZmMo V§Ì àmá H$aUo.

l boIZ{Z¶‘m§Zwgma ‘w{ÐVemoYZmMo H$m¡eë¶ àmá H$aUo.

l nmR>mMm Ame¶ d {dMma ¶m~m~V ñnï>rH$aUmgh ñdV:Mo ‘V ñdV:À¶m ^mfoV g‘n©H$ eãXm§V
{b{hVm ¶oUo.

Aܶ¶Z l H$moU˶mhr g§X^m©gmR>r eãXH$moe Aä¶mgVm ¶oUo.
H$m¡eë¶ l nm{b ^mfoV OmbaoIm{MÌ {Z‘m©U H$aVm ¶oUo.
l nm{b ^mfoV H$WmnyVu H$aVm ¶oUo.

l nm{b ^mfoV ‘mܶ‘^mfoMm AZwdmX H$aVm ¶oUo.

l ~hþ^mfm n[aM¶ H$ê$Z KoʶmMr {Okmgm {Z‘m©U hmoUo.

l g§JUH$mda CnbãY AgUmè¶m {d{dY e¡j{UH$ B©-gm{h˶mMm, A°ßbrHo$eZMm CÎm‘ar˶m

H¥${V¶wº$ dmna Aä¶mgmgmR>r H$aVm ¶oUo.

^mfmä¶mg l B¶Îmm ~mamdrV Aä¶mgboë¶m ì¶mH$aU KQ>H$m§Mr COiUr H$aUo.

l H$mi, H$mimMo CnàH$ma, g§Yr, g‘mg, {deofU, A춶, dm³¶mV Cn¶moJ B˶mXr KQ>H$ OmUyZ KoUo.
l 01 Vo 100 A§H$ (H«$‘) OmUyZ KoUo.

l {Z~§Y, An{R>V d H$WmnyVu ¶mMo Cn¶moOZ H$m¡eë¶nyU© arVrZo H$aVm ¶oUo.

l nm{b ^mfoV g§dmX H$aVm ¶oUo.

{ejH$m§gmR>r

"nm{b nH$mgmo' B¶ËVm ~mamdrMo ho nmR>çnwñVH$ nm{b ^mfoÀ¶m Aܶ¶ZmÀ¶m ÑîQ>rZo Xþgar ‘hËËdmMr
Aܶ¶Z-AܶmnZmgmR>r AmnUm§g XoVmZm AmZ§X hmoV Amho. ~m~ hr, H$s BVa ^mfm§Mm Aä¶mg hm JÚ, nÚ, ZmQ>H$,
{dÚm϶mª‘Yrb H$m¡eë¶o, Z¡{VH$ ‘yë¶o A{YH$m{YH$ {dH${gV H$Wm-H$WZ B˶mXrnwaVmM ‘¶m©{XV AgVmo; na§Vw nm{b
hmoʶmÀ¶m ÑîQ>rZo, {dÚm϶mªÀ¶m ‘Zmda gwg§ñH$ma éOdVm ¶oVrb ^mfoMm Aä¶mg AmnU doJdoJù¶m àH$mam§Zr H$ê$ eH$Vmo.
Aem nmR>çKQ>H$m§Mm nmR>çnwñVH$mV g‘mdoe Ho$bobm Amho. nm{b ^mfm hr Amnë¶mbm ZD$ A§Jm§Zr {eH$Vm ¶oVo. Á¶mbm
nmR>çKQ>H$m§‘Yrb Ame¶ {dÚm϶mªZm ghOVoZo ñnîQ> ìhmdm "Zdm“gËWwgmgZ' Ago gwX²Ym åhUVmV. åhUyZ nm{b
¶m ÑîQ>rZo Ame¶mZwê$n nmR>çKQ>H$m§‘ܶo {MÌm§Mm g‘mdoe {eH$ʶmH$[aVm doJdoJir XmbZo CnbãY AmhoV. ¶m gdmªMm
H$aʶmV Ambobm Amho. {ejH$m§Zr nmR>çnwñVH$mV g‘m{dîQ> Cn¶moJ Amnë¶mbm AܶmnZm‘ܶo {ZpíMV ê$nmZo hmoD$ eH$Vmo.
AgUmè¶m H¥$Vr~amo~aM BVa {d{dY H¥$Vr d CnH«$‘ ¶moOyZ Vo
{dÚm϶mªH$Sy>Z H$ê$Z ¿¶mdoV. nm{b ^mfm {eH$Vm§Zm-{eH${dVm§Zm gd©àW‘ Vr ^mfm
H$m¶ Amho, Vr Amnë¶mbm H$em nX²YVrZo g‘OyZ KoVm ¶oB©b,
JÚ-nÚ nmR> {ZdS>Vm§Zm H$mhr {Ma§VZ ‘yë¶o Am{U Vr ~mobMmbMr ^mfm H$er hmoB©b? ¶m ÑîQ>rZo nm{b ^mfoMm
VËËdm§Mm {dMma H$aʶmV Ambobm Amho. nmR>çKQ>H$m§Mr Aä¶mg H$aUo Amdí¶H$ Amho. ¶m‘ܶo {ejH$mMo Aܶ¶Z-
‘m{hVr ìhmdr åhUyZ nmR>çKQ>H$mAmYr ˶mMr gmam§eê$nmV AܶmnZ {ZpíMV ê$nmZo {XemXe©H$ R>ê$ eH$Vo. H$maU àmMrZ
àñVmdZm XoʶmV Ambobr Amho. hr àñVmdZm ˶m nmR>ç H$mimnmgyZ Va AmYw{ZH$ H$mimn¶ªV ~m¡Õ g§ñH¥$Vr, VËËdkmZ,
KQ>H$mMo gma Amho. {ejH$m§Zr hr àñVmdZm A{YH$ ñnîQ> B{Vhmg, OrdZ_yë¶o g‘OyZ KoʶmÀ¶m Ñ{îQ>Zo nm{b ^mfoMo ’$ma
H$aVmZm, nmR>çKQ>H$m§er g§~§{YV nm{b gm{h˶mVrb BVa ‘hËËd Amho. nm{b ^mfoÀ¶m ¶m ‘hÎdm‘wioM AmO hm {df¶
g§X^mªMm gwX²Ym Aܶ¶Z-AܶmnZmV g‘mdoe ìhmdm, ¶mgmR>r amîQ´>r¶-Am§VaamîQ´>r¶ ñVamda nmohmoMbm Amho. åhUyZ Ago
H$mhr nm{b g§X^© J«§Wm§Mr ¶mXr nmR>çnwñVH$mV XoʶmV Ambobr åhUVm ¶oB©b, H$s AmYw{ZH$ ^maVmV nm{b ^mfoÀ¶m Aܶ¶ZmMo
Amho. joÌ {ZpíMVM ì¶mnH$ hmoV Amho. ¶m‘ܶo {ejH$ åhUyZ
Amnbo ¶moJXmZ ¶m {df¶mbm H«$‘àmßV Amho. åhUyZ {ejH$m§Zr
{dÚm϶mªZm boIZ-dmMZ H$m¡eë¶ {dH$mgmgmR>r ñdV…À¶m g¥OZerbVoZo, H$ënH$VoZo ¶m nmR>çKQ>H$m§Mo AܶmnZ
nmR>çnwñVH$mVrb KQ>H${Zhm¶ H¥$Vr d ˶m§Mo Z‘wZo {Xbobo AmhoV. H$ê$Z {dÚm϶mªZm nm{b {df¶mÀ¶m Aܶ¶ZmgmR>r ào[aV H$aUo
{dÚm϶mªZm nm{b ^mfm {eH$ʶmH$[aVm, {eH$dʶmH$[aVm ¶m JaOoMo Amho. ˶mVyZ {dÚm϶mªMr {ZarjU j‘Vm, {dMmaj‘Vm
H¥$Vr KQ>H$m§Mm {deof Cn¶moJ hmoD$ eH$Vmo. ¶m d¡{dܶnyU© d H¥$VrerbVm ¶m§Zm hr JVr àmßV hmoB©b. {ejH$ hm Ho$di
H¥$Vt‘YyZ {dÚm϶mª‘Yrb ^m{fH$ H$m¡eë¶ {dH${gV hmoUma nmR>çKQ>H$M {eH$dV ZgVmo Va {dÚm϶mª‘ܶo gdmªJrU JwUm§Mr
AmhoV. B¶ËVm ~mamdrVrb boIZ KQ>H$m§Mr ‘m§S>Ur H$aVm§Zm dmT> H$er H$aVm ¶oB©b? ˶m§À¶m‘Yrb ݶyZJ§S> H$gm H$mT>Vm
{dÚm϶mªZm Vo ghOVoZo g‘Oob ¶mMr XjVm KoʶmV Ambobr ¶oB©b? ˶mbm g‘mOm{^‘wI H$go H$aVm ¶oB©b? hr ‘yë¶o gwÕm
Amho. {ejH$m§Zr à˶oH$ nmR>çKQ>H$ {dÚm϶mªZm g‘OyZ nmR>çKQ>H$mÀ¶m AZwf§JmZo {eH$dV AgVmo. {dÚm϶mªÀ¶m
gm§JVm§Zm Vo ˶mbm Mm§Jë¶m àH$mao AmH$bZ hmoB©b ¶m ÑîQrZo MwH$mM Z XmIdVm ˶m§À¶m‘Yrb Á¶m Mm§Jë¶m JmoîQ>r AmhoV
ñdH$m¡eë¶ {dH${gV Ho$ë¶mg, {dÚm϶mª‘ܶo nm{b ^mfm ˶mMr ñVwVr H$aUohr JaOoMo Amho. ¶m‘wio {dÚm϶mªZm à˶oH$
{eH$ʶmMr AmdS> {Z‘m©U hmoB©b. H¥$Vr Mm§Jë¶màH$mao H$aʶmMr àoaUm {‘iVo.

¶m nmR>çKQ>H$m§‘ܶo ì¶mH$aU KQ>H$m§Mr d H¥$VtMr ‘m§S>Ur ‘mZdr ‘yë¶m§Mr OndUyH$ d g§dY©Z H$aʶmMr ’$ma
ghO, gwb^ d gmo߶m nÕVrZo Ho$br Amho. H¥${Vn{ÌHo$‘ܶo ‘moR>r O~m~Xmar {ejH$ åhUyZ Amnë¶m gdmªda Amho, H$maU
¶m ì¶mH$aU KQ>H$m§da AmYm[aV H¥$VtMm g‘mdoe Ho$bm Amho. ¶m ‘yë¶m§Mo ~rOmamonU Oa AmnU {dÚm϶mªda ¶mo½¶nUo Ho$bo Va
{ejH$m§Zr ñdV: ¶m ì¶mH$aU KQ>H$m§À¶m gamdmgmR>r {d{dY
H¥$Vr ¶moOmì¶mV d {dÚm϶mªH$Sy>Z Vgm gamd H$ê$Z ¿¶mdm. CXçmMr ge³V nrT>r Amnë¶m hmVyZ KS>Uma Amho. AmYw{ZH$
V§ÌkmZmÀ¶m {d{dY ‘mܶ‘m§Mm dmna H$éZ AܶmnZmV
nm{b ^mfoMm Oa Amnë¶mbm Aä¶mg H$am¶Mm Agob A{YH$m{YH$ g§X^© XoUo Ano{jV Amho. ¶m‘wio {dÚm϶mªMo
Va Vmo VrZ A§Jm§Zr H$aVm ¶oVmo, Vmo åhUOo - n[a¶{V, n{Q>n{Îm gdmª{JU ì¶p³V‘ËËd A{YH$ Hw$eb nÕVrZo {dH${gV hmoʶmg
d n{Q>doXZ. n[a¶{V åhUOo EoHy$Z, dmMyZ, eãXmMm AW© g‘OyZ ‘XV hmoB©b d {ejH$m§Zm gwX²Ym EH$ {ZH$mon, gwÑT> d gå¶H$
KoUo. n{Q>n{Îm åhUOo ˶mda MMm© H$aUo, {dMma-{d‘f© H$aUo {dÚmWu KS>{dʶmMo g‘mYmZ àmßV hmoB©b.
Am{U n{Q>doXZ åhUOo ˶mMm à˶j AZw^d KoUo. nm{b‘Yrb
eãXm§Mo Ago {VÝhr A§Jm§Zr Omon¶ªV AZw^yVr ¶oV Zmhr, Vmon¶ªV "nm{b nH$mgmo' B¶Îmm ~mamdrMo ho nmR>çnwñVH$
nm{b eãXm§Mo g§nyU© kmZ hmoV Zmhr.
AmnUmg {ZpíMVM AmdS>ob, Aer Anojm Amho.

A nmR>mZw¸$‘mo A

H«$. nmR>mMo Zmd n¥îR> H«$‘m§H$ H«$. nmR>mMo Zmd n¥îR>H«$‘m§H$
J‚mmo IÝYH$mo
1 n[a{gƧ
1) g”gm‘½Jr gwÎm 3
2) aWmo Zm‘ qH$? 6 1) doæ¶mH$aU (ì¶mH$aU) 61 Vo 71
3) {d{ZÀN>¶ ‘hm‘Îm dËWw 10
4) OZHo$Z VZ¶m AmodmX§ 13 1) ga§ M ì¶ÄOZ§ M d{½JH$aU§
5) ~hþOZg”Q>H$mo N>Îmn{V
18 2) ì¶ÄOZ n[adÎmZ§ 3) H$mi à˶¶ 4) gÝYr
{gdm{O ‘hmaÄÄmmo 21
6) {n¶Xpñg AgmoH$ñg Wå^boIm 24 5) YmVwénm{df¶r ‘m[hVr 6) g‘mg 7) A춶
7) MÎmm[a Xñg{Z¶m{Z R>mZm{Z
8) dZa³IH$mo ~mo{YgÎmmo 27 2) gwb^mo nm{b (gwb^ nm{b) 72 Vo 82
30
n‚mmo IÝYH$mo 33 1) garañg Ad¶dm{Z
1) {gJmbgwÎm 36 2) Ämm{VJUm 3) dÊUm{Z(a§Jm{Z) 4) agm{Z
2) grbm{Zg§gm 39 5) JohgodH$ ngw 6) {VaÀN>mZm 7) ObWbJmoMam
3) dgbgwÎm 42 8) {H$‘r 9) gHw$Um
4) gwZrV Woamo 46 10) ’$b’$bm{Z M nwß’$m{Z M 11) ¶mZm{Z
5) ééamOM[a¶§ 49 12) Am¶wY§ (h˶mao) 13) g§»¶m (A§H$)
6) BUgwÎm
7) Aå~nmbr Woar 53 3) g§dmX H$m¡eë¶, {Z~ÝYmo ({Z~§Y) 83 Vo 84
8) n{H$ÊUm{Z gw^m{gVm{Z 58
4) An{R>Vmo (An{R>V CVmao) 85 Vo 94
WwbdmMZ IÝYH$mo
1) nmMrZ {dñg{d‚mmb¶mo J‚m {d^mJmo- 1) g§wgw‘ma OmVH§$
2) gR>ñg n{Q>gmR>o涧
2) nQ>mMmam Woar AnXmZ§ 3) H$å‘oZod {g{Õ Z Zm‘oZ
4) MrZXo{g¶ ndm{g-¶wdmZÀdm§J
5) grhmo M gHw$Umo M
n‚m {d^mJmo- 1) gå‘mn{U{hV§ {MÎm§
2) nwpÊUH$m Woar
3) M§nm ZJar
4) nam^d gwÎm
5) JmoV‘M[a¶§

5) H$WmnwÎmr (H$WmnyVu) 95

1) ~H$OmVH§$ 2) Z³IVOmVH§$

3) H$bhmo {h {dZmg‘wbmo 4) grb{d‘§gZ§

6) Yå‘{bnr 96 Vo 100

7) nm{b ^mfoMo ‘hÎd 101

nn JÁOmo IÝYH$mo nn
1) g”gm‘½Jr gwÎm
w w
yàñVmdZm
y
nàñVwV nmR>çKQ>H$ "B{VdwÎmH§$' ¶m J«§WmVyZ KoVbm Amho. ¶mV g§KmMo AWm©V H$m¡Qw>§{~H$, gm‘m{OH$,
Am{W©H$, Ym{‘©H$, amï´>r¶ EH$Vm d EH$mË‘Vm B˶mXtMo ‘hÎd gm§{JVbo Amho. ¶m nmR>çKQ>H$m‘ܶo g§KmMr EH$Vmn
n~hþOZ {hVmW© gwIH$maH$ AgVo, hm g§Xoe {Xbobm Amho. H$maU VWmJVmMm g§K hm ~hþOZmÀ¶m {hVmgmR>r,
gwImgmR>r, H$ë¶mUmgmR>r, bmoH$m§da AZwH§$nm H$aʶmgmRr Amho. VWmJVmMm CnXoe Oa AmMaUmV AmUbm Van
Vmo amï´>r¶ EH$mË‘VoÀ¶m Ñï>rZo gwÕm ‘hÎdnyU© R>ê$ eH$Vmo, ¶mÑï>rZo ¶m nmR>çKQ>H$mMo {deof ‘hËËd Amho.

""^maVmMr gmd©^m¡‘Vm, EH$Vm d EH$mË‘Vm CÞV R>odUo d ˶mMo g§ajU H$aUo''

dwÎm§ hoV§ ^JdVm, dwÎm‘ahVm {V ‘o gwV§- VËW AßngÝZm Mod ngrXpÝV, ngÝZmZ§ M {^æ¶mo^mdmo
""EH$Yå‘mo, {^³Ido, bmoHo$ Cßn‚m‘mZmo Cßn‚m{V hmoVr''{V& EV‘ËW ^Jdm AdmoM& VËWoV§ B{V dwƒ{V-
~hþOZ{hVm¶ ~hþOZgwIm¶ ~hþZmo OZñg AËWm¶ {hVm¶
gwIm¶ Xod‘ZwñgmZ§& H$V‘mo EH$Yå‘mo? g”gm‘½Jr& g”o ""gwIm g”ñg gm‘½Jr, g‘½JmZ§ MZw½Jhmo&
Imo nZ, {^³Ido, g‘½Jo Z Mod AÄÄm‘ÄÄm§ ^ÊS>Zm{Z g‘½JaVmo Yå‘Æ>mo, ¶moJ³Io‘m Z Y§g{V&
hmopÝV, Z M AÄÄm‘ÄÄm§ n[a^mgm hmopÝV, Z M AÄÄm‘ÄÄm§ g”§ g‘½J§ H$ËdmZ, H$ßn§ g½J§ ‘moXVr'' {V&&
n[a³Ionm hmopÝV, Z M AÄÄm‘ÄÄm§ n[aƒOZm hmopÝV&
(g§X^©-B{VdwÎmH§$)

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eãXmW©

EH$Yå‘ ({d.)- EH$ g˶ Jmoï> n[aƒ (nyd©.{H«$.)- g‘OyZ, OmUyZ
Cßn‚m{V (dV©.{H«$.)- CËnÞ hmoVo, CËnÞ hmoVmo ngrXpÝV (dV©.{H«$.)- àgÞ hmoVmV, lÕmiy ~ZVmV
H$V‘mo ({d.)- H$moUVo {^æ¶mo ({d.)- ’$ma, nwîH$i, AVr
OZ (nw.)- bmoH$, àOm EV‘ËW (Znw.)- ¶m AWm©bm
g” (nw.)- EH$Vm, EH$mË‘Vm AdmoM (^y. {H«$.)- åhUmbm
gm‘½Jr ({d.)- g§J«h, EH${ÌH$aU, gm‘J«r dwƒ{V (dV©.{H«$.)- åhUmbo, åhUmbm
^ÊS>Zm{Z (Znw.)- ^m§S>Uo, dmX{ddmX, H$bh ¶moJ³Io‘ (nw.)- ¶moJjo‘, Amg³VrnmgyZ ‘w³V
AÄÄm‘ÄÄm§- EH$‘oH$m§V, AmnmngmV, {‘iyZ{‘giyZ ‘moX{V (dV©.[H«$.)- AmZ§XrV hmoVo
n[a^mgm (nw.)- XmofmamonU, {edrJmi Y§g{V (dV©.{H«$.)- T>mgiVo, H$mob‘S>Vo>
n[a³Ionm ({d.)- n[a˶mJ

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ñdmܶm¶

1. Imbrb àíZm§Mr EH$m dm³¶mV CËVao {bhm. 5. ‘mܶ‘ ^mfoV AW© {bhm.
1) ^m§S>Uo H$em‘wio hmoV ZmhrV?
2) H$em‘wio gwI àmá hmoVo? 1) gwIm¶ 2) g”ñg
3) g§KmÀ¶m EH$ÌrH$aUm‘wio H$m¶ hmoVo?
3) Yå‘Æ>mo 4) Cßn‚m{V

5) ^ÊS>Zm{Z

2. Imbrb dm³¶o g˶/Ag˶ {bhm. 6. g§Yr H$am. 2) AËW+Am¶
1) gwIm g”ñg gm‘½Jr& 1) EH$+Yå‘mo 4) {hV+Am¶
2) g‘½Jo Mod AÄÄm‘ÄÄm§ ^ÊS>Zm{Z hmopÝV& 6) EV§+AËW
3) ¶moJ³Io‘m Y§g{V& 3) gwI+Am¶ 8) M+AZw½Jhmo
4) ngÞmZ§ M {^æ¶mo^mdmo hmo{V&
5) M+Ed

7) VËW+EV§

3. ¶mo½¶ OmoS>çm bmdm. 7. g‘mg AmoiIm. 2) {^æ¶mo^mdmo
1) g”gm‘½Jr

"A' JQ> "~' JQ> 8. XrKm}Îmar àíZmMo CÎma {bhm.
g”gm‘½Jr gwÎm ¶m nmR>mV EH$ÌrH$aUmMo H$moUVo
1) gwIm g”ñg gm‘½Jr A) ¶moJ³Io‘m Z Y§g{V&
’$m¶Xo gm§{JVbo Vo {bhm.
2) g‘½JaVmo Yå‘Æ>mo ~) g‘½JmZ§ MZw½Jhmo&

3) g” g‘½J§ H$ËdmZ H$) EV‘ËW ^Jdm AdmoM&

S>) H$ßn§ g½J§ ‘moXVr' {V&

4 ê$no AmoiIm. 2) dwƒ{V
1) ‘moX{V 4) H$ËdmZ
3) hmopÝV
5) Y§g{V

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nn 2) aWmo Zm‘ qH$? nn
w w
yàñVmdZm
y
nnm{b AZw{nQ>H$ gm{h˶mVrb ‘hÎdnyU© J§«W åhUOoM "{‘qbX àíZ'({‘{bÝX nÄhmo) hmo¶. J«rH$ XoemVrb amOm
{‘qbX ({‘Z°ÊS>a) VgoM ~m¡Õ {^³Iw ZmJgoZ ¶m§À¶mVrb B.g.ny 150 ‘ܶo Pmbobm g§dmX Ago ¶m J«§WmMo ñdê$nn
nAmho. ¶m nmR>çKQ>H$m‘ܶo {^³Iw ZmJgoZ ¶m§Zr amOm {‘qbX ¶m§Zr {dMmaboë¶m {d{dYm§Jr àíZm§Zm doJdoJù¶m
àH$maÀ¶m Cn‘m XoD$Z ˶m àíZm§Mr g‘n©H$ CÎmao {Xbr AmhoV. ˶m§Mr Vr CÎmao Vm{H©$H$ Ñï>rZo AmOhr àoaUmXm¶rn
AmhoV. åhUyZ hm nmR>çKQ>H$ {dÚm϶mªZm {XemXe©H$ R>ê$ eH$Vmo. S>m°. ~m~mgmho~ Am§~oS>H$am§Zm {‘qbX d ZmJgoZ
¶m ZmdmMo {H$Vr AmH$f©U hmoVo ho ˶m§Zr Am¡a§Jm~mXbm ñWmnZ Ho$boë¶m ‘hm{dÚmb¶mbm {Xboë¶m "{‘qbX'
Zmdmdê$Z d ˶m ‘hm{dÚmb¶mÀ¶m n[agambm {Xboë¶m "ZmJgoZdZ' ¶m Zmdmdê$Z ñnï> hmoVo. ˶m§Zr AmYw{ZH$
^maVmVrb {ejH$ d {dÚm϶mªÀ¶m g‘moa {‘qbX d ZmJgoZmMo AmXe© R>odbobo AmhoV.

àñVwV nmR>çKQ>H$ "{‘qbX àíZ' ¶m J«§WmVyZ {ZdS>bm Amho. ¶m nmR>mVyZ "AmXe© g§dmX' H$gm Agmdm
¶m{df¶rMr ‘m{hVr {‘iVo. aW åhUOo H$m¶? ¶m{df¶r amOm {‘qbX d {^³Iw ZmJgoZ ¶m§Mm g§dmX ¶m nmR>m‘ܶo
Ambm Amho. ""{dkmZ{Zð> Ñï>rH$moZ, ‘mZdVmdmX, emoYH$~wÕr d gwYmaUmdmX ¶m§Mm {dH$mg H$aUo.''

ZmJgoZ - ""gMo Ëd§ ‘hmamO, aWoZmJVmo{g, aW§ ZmJgoZ - ""M¸$m{Z aWmo''{V?
‘o AmamoMo{h''& {H$Þw Imo ‘hmamO, B©gm {‘{bÝXmo - ""Z{h ^ÝVo''{V&
ZmJgoZ - ""aWnÄOa§ aWmo''{V?
aWmo''{V? {‘{bÝXmo - ""Z{h ^ÝVo''{V&
ZmJgoZ - "" aWXÊS>H$mo aWmo'' {V?
{‘{bÝXmo - ""Z{h ^ÝVo''{V& {‘{bÝXmo - "" Z{h ^ÝVo'' {V&
ZmJgoZ - ""Ap³I aWmo''{V?
{‘{bÝXmo - ""Z{h ^ÝVo''{V&

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ZmJgoZ - "" ¶wJ§ aWmo'' {V? ZmJgoZ - "" H$mo nZoËW aWmo? A{bH§$ Ëd§ ‘hmamO
{‘{bÝXmo - "" Z{h ^ÝVo'' {V& ^mg{g ‘wgmdmX§ ZpËW aWmo''& Ëd§{g
ZmJgoZ - "" apñ‘¶mo aWmo'' {V? ‘hmamO, gH$bOå~w{Xno A½JamOm& H$ñg
{‘{bÝXmo - "" Z{h ^ÝVo'' {V& nZ Ëd§ ^m{¶Ëdm ‘wgmdmX§ ^mg{g? gwUÝVw
ZmJgoZ - "" nVmoXb{Æ> aWmo'' {V? ‘o ^moÝVmo n#mgVm ¶moZH$m, A{g{Vghñgm
{‘{bÝXmo - "" Z{h ^ÝVo'' {V& M {^³Iw& A¶§ {‘{bÝXmo amOm Ed‘mh§-
ZmJgoZ - ""{H$Þw Imo ‘hmamO, B©gm, A³I, M³I aWoZmh§ AmJVmoñ‘r'{V& gMo Ëd§ ‘hmamO,
aWoZmJVmo{g, aW ‘o AmamoMo{h'{V dwÎmmo
aWnÄOa aWXÊS> ¶wJ apñ‘¨nVmoXmaWmo''{V? g‘mZmo aW§ Z gånmXo{V& H$„ Zw Imo
VX{^ZpÝXVw§'' {V?
{‘{bÝXmo - "" Z{h ^ÝVo'' {V
ZmJgoZ - "" qH$ nZ ‘hmamO, AÄÄmÎm B©gm, A³I, {‘{bÝXmo - AW Imo {‘{bÝXmo amOm Am¶ñ‘ÝV§
ZmJgoZ§ EVXdmoM- ""Zmh§ ^ÝVo ZmJgoZ,
M³I aWnÄOaW, XÊS>¶wJapñ‘nVmoXm ‘wgm ^Um{‘& B©g§ M n{Qƒ,Ap³I n{Q>ƒ
M¸$m{Z n{Qƒ, aWnÄOa§ M n{Qƒ,
aWmo'' {V? aWXÊS>H§$M n{Qƒ aWmo'{V gÄÄmm g‘ÄÄmm
nÄOpÝV dmohmamo Zm‘‘V§ ndÎm{V''{V&
{‘{bÝXmo - "" Z{h ^ÝVo'' {V&
ZmJgoZ - ""V‘h§ ‘hmamO, nwÀN>ÝVmo nwÀN>ÝVmo Z ZmJgoZ - ""gmYw Imo Ëd¨, ‘hmamO, aW§ OmZm{g''&

nñgm{‘ $aW§''& (g§X^©- {‘{bÝX nÄhmo)

{‘{bÝXmo - "" Z{h ^ÝVo'' {V&
ZmJgoZ - ""aWaÇ>mo ¶od Zw Imo ‘hmamO aWmo'' {V?
{‘{bÝXmo - "" Z{h ^ÝVo'' {V&

aW§ (Zm‘) - aW eãXmW©
B©gm (ór.)- Xm§S>m
A³Imo (nw.)- AmI, Amg ¶moZH$m (nw.)- J«rH$ XoemVrb a{hdmgr
aWXÊS>H$m (Znw.)- aWmMm Xm§S>m dmohmamo (nw.)- ì¶mdhm[aH$, ì¶dhmamV
¶wJ (Znw.)- Oy, OmoIS> ‘wgmdmX§ (nw.)- ImoQ>o ~mobUo
aWnÄOam({d.)- aWmMm gm§JmS>m A½JamOm (nw.)- loð> amOm
apñ‘¨¶mo (apñ‘¨ ór.)- H$mgam, bJm‘ A{gVrghñgm (g§»¶m {d.)- E|er hOma
nVmoXb{Ç> (ór.)- Mm~H$mMr H$mR>r n#mgVm (g§»¶m {d.)- nmMeo
Oå~w{Xn(nw.)- Oå~w{Ûn(^maVmMo àmMrZ Zmd)

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ñdmܶm¶

1. Imbrb àíZm§Mr EH$m dm³¶mV CËVao {bhm. 5) àmMrZ H$mir "Oå~w{Ûn' ho H$moU˶m XoemMo Zmd
1) {‘qbX amOm H$moÊm˶m dmhZmV ~gyZ Ambm hmoVo?
hmoVm?
2) {‘qbX amOm ‘yi H$moU˶m XoemMm hmoVm ? 6) ZmJgoZ {^³IwZo {‘qbX amOmbm H$moU˶m
3) g^o‘ܶo {H$Vr J«rH$ g¡{ZH$ hOa hmoVo? dmhZm{df¶r àíZ {dMmabo hmoVo?
4) g^o‘ܶo {H$Vr ~m¡ÜX {^³Iw Cn{ñWV hmoVo?
7) nmR>mVrb g§dmX H$moUmH$moUm‘ܶo Amho?

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2. Imbrb dm³¶o g˶/Ag˶ AmoiIm. (4) g§Yr H$am.
1) ""gMo Ëd§ ‘hmamO aWoZmJVmo{g,aW§ ‘o AmamoMo{h''& 1) EVX + AdmoM
2) ""Ëd§{g, ‘hmamO gH$bOå~w{Xno Z A½JamOm''& 2) Z + ApËW
3) ""{H$Þw Imo ‘hmamO aWnÄOa§ aWmo''{V? 3) Z + Ah§
4) ""gmYw Imo Ëd§, ‘hmamO,aW§ OmZm{g''&
(5) OmiaoIm{MÌ nyU© H$am.
3. Imbrb eãXm§Mm dm³¶mV Cn¶moJ H$am.
1) gMo qH
2) nZ ¶wJ§ aWñg B©gm
3) Z
4) gmYw A“m{Z?

4. gyMZoZwgma H¥$Vr H$am. (6) ¶mo½¶ OmoS>çm bmdm.

(1) ¶mo½¶ n¶m©¶ {ZdSy>Z dm³¶o nyU© H$am. "A' JQ> "~' JQ>
1) {H$Þw Imo ................ B©gm aWmo {V''?&
(ZmJgoZ/‘hmamO) 1) Ëd§ ‘hmamO ^mg{g A) AmJVmoñ‘r'{V&
2) aWaÇ>mo ................ Zw Imo,‘hmamO aWmo''{V?&
(Zod/¶od) 2) aWoZmh§ ~) ‘wgmdmX§ ZpËW aWmo''&

(2) ‘mܶ‘ ^mfoV AW© {bhm. 3) gmYw,Imo Ëd§ ‘hmamO H$) Zy Imo VXm{^ZpÝXV'§w '{V?
1) nVmoXbqÇ>&
2) ‘wgmdmX§& S>) aW§ OmZm{g&
3) A½JamOm&
(7) XrKm}Îmar àíZm§Mr CÎmao {bhm.
(3) g§Yr {dJ«h H$am. 1) [^³Iw ZmJgoZ Am{U amOm {‘qbX ¶m§À¶mVrb
1) V‘h§& g§dmX {bhm.
2) Ëd§{g& 2) nmR>mVrb g§dmX Amnë¶m ^mfoV {bhm.
3) Ed‘mh§&

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n¶m ì¶dñWoMr ñWmnZm Pmbr hmoVr. ñdV§Ì ^maVm‘ܶo ^maVmMo g§{dYmZ ~Z{dVmZm g{dYmZ {Z‘m©Ë¶m§Zr gdm}ƒ
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ݶm¶ì¶dñWm hr {Znj Agë¶m‘wio gd©gm‘mݶ 춺$s gwÜXm BWo ݶm¶mMr Anojm H$arV AgVmo. ݶm¶ì¶dñWoÀ¶m
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Amho.

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Ym{‘©H$ ݶm¶mYre Hw$Umbm åhUVmV, ¶m{df¶r CnXoe Ho$bm Amho.

""{dd{jV àH$aUr AQ>H$, {ZpíMV H$m¶Xo d g‘mZ ݶm¶ ¶m§Mr A§‘b~OmdUr H$aUo''

EH${Xdgpåh {^³Iy gmdpËW¶§ CÎmaÛmaJm‘o bÄO§ d JhoËdm gm{‘Ho$ Agm{‘Ho$ H$amoÝVo {Xñdm ""Ahmo
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gå‘wImJV§ {d{ZÀN>¶gmb§ n{d{gËdm {d{ZÀN>¶‘hm‘Îmo gËWma§ dpÝXËdm EH$‘ÝV§ {Z{gÞm V‘ËW§ AmamoMogw§&

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Ed Yå‘Æ>m Zm‘ hmoÝVr '' {V dËdm B‘m JmWm A^m{g - AmobmoHo$ÝVmo ‘wgm dËdm ""B{‘Zm {OV§, A¶§ nam{OVmo''
{V na§ Zrha{V, ^¶o n{VÆ>m¶ H$ñg{MXod BñgaOm{VH$ñg
""Z VoZ hmo{V Yå‘Æ>mo, ¶oZËW§ gmhgm Z¶o& namO¶§ nmnwUÝVñgm{n O¶§ Amamono{V, A¶§ gmhgoZ AËW§
¶mo M AËW§ AZËWÄM,C^mo {ZÀN>oæ¶ npÊS>Vmo&& Zo{V Zm‘& Egmo Yå‘Æ>mo Zm‘ Z hmoVr{V AËWmo& AËW§
AZËWÄMm{V ^yVÄM A^yVÄM H$maU§& C^mo {ZÀN>oæ¶m{V
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Z N>ÝXm{XdgoZ& g‘oZm{V AnamYmZwê$noZod nao Z¶{V,
VËW VoZm{V EÎmHo$Zod H$maUoZ, Yå‘Æ>mo{V O¶§ dm namO¶§ dm nmno{V& Yå‘ñg JwÎmmo {V gmo
amOm {h AÎmZmo H$mVã~o {d{ZÀN>¶Yå‘o {R>Vmo{n Yå‘Æ>mo Yå‘JwÎmmo Yå‘ap³IVmo Yå‘moOnÄÄmm¶ g‘ÞmJVmo ‘oYmdr
Zm‘ Z hmo{V& ¶oZm{V ¶oZ H$maUoZ& AËWpÝV Amo{VÊU§ {d{ZÀN>¶Yå‘o {R>VÎmm Yå‘Æ>mo{V ndwƒVr {V AËWmo&
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gmhgoZ ‘wgmdmXoZ {d{ZÀN>oæ¶& ¶mo {h N>ÝXo n{VÆ>m¶ (g§X^©- Yå‘nX AÆ>H$Wm)
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{nÊS>m¶ ({d.)- [^jmQ>ZmH$[aVm Z¶o (nw.)- ¶mo½¶ n[aUm‘
M[aËdm (nyd©.{H«$.)- {dMaU H$ê$Z, {’$ê$Z AËW ({d.)- AW©, H$ë¶mUH$maH$
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ZJa‘ÁPoZ (Znw.)- ZJam‘ܶo, ZJam‘YyZ JwÎm (H¥$.)- g§a{jV
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IUo ({H«$.{d.)- jUmV VËW ({H«$.{d.)- {VWo, ˶m {R>H$mUr
‘oK (nw.)- T>J, ~mXb EÎmmo (A춶)- ¶oWo, ¶oWyZ
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n{d{gËdm (nyd©.{H«$.)- àdoe H$ê$Z n{V{Æ>Vmo ({d.)- à{V{ð>V
{d{ZÀN>¶‘hm‘Îmo (nw.)- ݶm¶mYre AÎmZmo (nw.)- ñdV…, AmnmoAmn
bÄM§ (Znw§.)- bmM doar ({d.)- d¡ar, eÌy
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gm{‘H$ (nw.)- ñdm‘r {d{hVmo (H¥$.)- ¶mo½¶, C{MV
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{MÝVoËdm (nyd©.{H«$.)- {dMma H$ê$Z na§ ({d.)- Xþgam
dñg (nw.)- dfm©, nmD$g Bñga (nw.)- ñdm‘r, à‘wI, ‘hmZ
{dJV (^y.{H« .)- {ZKyZ Jobm Om{V (ór.)- OÝ‘
gËWm (nw.)- emñVm, ‘mJ©Xe©H$, ~wÕ nmnwUÝV§ (H¥$.)- nmohmoMVm, JmR>Vm
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N>XZ (Znw.)- N>V Zo{V (dV©.{H«$.)- ZoVmo, KoD$Z OmVmo
hþËdm (nyd©.{H«$.)- hmoD$Z Egmo (gd©.Zm.)- hm
gmhgoZ (Znw.)- ñd¡amMma, ñd¡adV©Z ^yV (H¥$.)- hmoD$Z Jobobm
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VoZ (A춶)- ¶m H$maUmZo {R>VÎm(Znw.)- pñWVËd, g§¶V

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1) "{d{ZÀN>¶ ‘hm‘Îm' ¶mMm AW© gm§Jm.
2) "{d{ZÀN>¶ ‘hm‘Îm dËWw' hr Yå‘XogZm "A' JQ> "~' JQ>
VWmJVm§Zr Hw$R>o {Xbr?
3) "AYm{‘©H$' åhUOo H$m¶? 1) Z VoZ hmo{V Yå‘Æ>mo A) C^mo {ZÀN>oæ¶ npÊS>Vmo&
4) "Ym{‘©H$' åhUOo H$m¶?
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6) VWmJV ~Üw XmZ§ r [^³IZ§w m H$em{df¶r CnXeo {Xbm?
3) ¶mo M AËW§ AZËWÄM H$) Yå‘Æ>mo{V ndwƒVr' {V&
2. Imbrb dm³¶o g˶/Ag˶ AmoiIm.
1) "Z VoZ hmo{V Yå‘Æ>mo, ¶oZËW§ gmhgm Z¶o&' S>) g‘oZ Z¶Vr nao&
2) "AYå‘ñg JwÎmmo ‘oYmdr, Yå‘Æ>mo{V, ndwƒVr'
{V& 5. gyMZoZwgma H¥$Vr H$am.
3) "gmhgm Z¶o{V N>ÝXmXrgw n{V{Æ>Vmo gmhgoZ 1) {dhma§ AmJÀNpÝV& (H$mi AmoiIm)
‘wgmdmXoZ {d{ZÀN>oæ¶&' 2) "{Xg' (nyd©H$mbdmMH$ A춶 H$am.)
4) AgmhgoZ Yå‘oZ g‘oZ Z¶Vr nao& 3) "{d{ZÀN>¶gmb§' (‘mܶ‘ ^mfo‘ܶo AW© {bhm)
5) gmhgoZm{V ‘wgmdmXoZ, Yå‘oZm{V {d{ZÀN>¶Yå‘oZ, 4) "Ypå‘H$ ݶm¶m{Yg'(nm{b^mfo‘ܶo {bhm)
ZN>ÝXm{XdgZ&
6. OmiaoIm{MÌ nyU© H$am.

Yå‘Æmo{V ndwƒVr {V&

3.¶mo½¶ n¶m©¶ {ZdSy>Z [aH$må¶m OmJm nyU© H$am. g‘oZ Z¶Vrnao&
1) EH${Xdgpåh [^³Iy gmdpËW¶§ CÎmaÛmaJm‘o
{nÊS>m¶ ............ {nÊS>nmVn{Q>¸$ÝVm& 7. XrKm}Îmar àíZm§Mr CÎmao {bhm.
(M[aËdm/$H$mVw§) 1) {d{ZÀN>¶ ‘hm‘Îm (ݶm¶mYre) ¶mda ñd‘V
2) ""Ahmo B‘o............, ‘¶§ nZ "B‘o Yå‘oZ àH$Q> H$am.
{d{ZÀN>¶§ H$amoÝVr {V&'' 2) "{d{ZÀN>¶ ‘hm‘Îm dËWw' ¶m nmR>mÀ¶m AmYmao
(AYpå‘H$m/Ypå‘H$m) Ypå‘H$ Am{U AYpå‘H$ {ZU©¶ ¶m{df¶r {bhm.
3) AnamY§ nZ............AnamYmZwén§ AgmhgoZ
{d{ZÀN>¶§ H$amoÝVm&
({d{‚mËdm/AZw{d{‚mËdm)
4) ‘moho n{VÆ>m¶ bÄM§ JhoËdm {d{ZÀN>¶H$mbo
............{d¶ BVmo {MVmo&
(AÄÄm{d{hVmo/{d{hVmo)
5) A¶§............AËW§ Zo{V Zm‘&
(AgmhgoZ/gmhgoZ)

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n
gmgar OmVm§Zm Xhm CnXoe gm§{JVbobo Amho. VWmJV ~wÕmÀ¶m Yå‘monXoemZo VËH$mbrZ g‘mOmVrb, dJm©Vrbn
nAZoH$ bmoH$ à^m{dV Pmbo hmoVo. ˶m‘ܶo Jar~, lr‘§V, amOm, goZmnVr, eoVH$ar, ì¶dgm¶r, J{UH$m B˶mXtMm
g‘mdoe hmoVm. VWmJVmH$S>o Omo Hw$Ur ¶m¶Mm Vmo ˶m§À¶m CnXoemZo à^m{dV hmoD$Z g§KmV Xr{jV ìhm¶Mm. AgmMn
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{‘Jmaloð>rMo nwÌ nwʶdY©Z ¶m§À¶mer {VMm {ddmh Ho$bm. gmgar OmV AgVmZm {VÀ¶m d{S>bm§Zr H$moU˶m Jmoï>rMo
nmbZ Ho$bo nm{hOo ¶m{df¶rMo dU©Z ¶m nmR>çKQ>H$mV H$aʶmV Ambobo Amho. Oo AmOÀ¶m AmYw{ZH$ H$mimV
gwÜXm V§VmoV§V bmJy nS>Vo åhUyZ ¶m nmR>çKQ>H$mMo gm‘m{OH$ Ñï>rZo {deof ‘hÎd Amho.

""^mfU d A{^춳Vr ñdmV§Í¶, ^oX^mdmg à{V~§Y d g§YrMr g‘mZVm àmá H$ê$Z XoUo''

{IÆ>nwã~§ nwamUH$mbo nÄMìXo{dg{V gm {H$a§ Zm‘§ d¶ßnÎmmo H$mboZ {IÆ>nwã~ MVwg{VgÎmdñgo n[aU¶
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YZÄO¶go{Æ>Zmo A½J‘ho{g¶m gw‘Zm Hw$pÀN>pñ‘§ {dgmIm
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Mm[aH§$ Ma‘mZmo V§ ZJa§ nmnw{U {X³ImqV& 1) B{‘ñgm nZ {nVm - "AÝVmo Ap½J ~{h Z Zrh[aVã~mo

gmdpËW¶§ {n Imo {‘Jmago{Æ>Zmo nwÎmmo nwÊUd‹–Hw$‘mamo {V Amh& g¸$m Zw Imo Aåho[h C^Vmo n{Q>{dñgH$JohmZ§
Ap½J§ AXËdm d{gV§w'' {V? ""Ed§ {H$a Aå‘m {V''?

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AJwU§ {Xñdm ~{h V{ñ‘§ Joho R>Ëdm ‘m H$Wo{g& Vogo XmVw‘od dÆ>{V'{V gÝYm¶ H$V§&
Edê$nmo {h Ap½Jg{Xgmo Ap½J Zm‘ ZpËW'' {V?
2) ""Aæ¶m, EV§ Vmd Ed§ hmoVw, B{‘ñgm nZ {nVm 6) ""gwI{Z{g{XVã~'' {V BX§ {n gñgwggwagm{‘Ho$
~m{haVmo Ap½J§ Z AÝVmo ndogoVã~mo' {V Amh& qH$ {Xñdm dwÆ>mZã~Æ>mZo {Zgr{XV§w Z dÆ{V, {V gÝYm¶
g¸$m Aåho{h AÝVmo Ap½Jpåh {Zã~wV§ ~m{haVmo Ap½J dwV§&
AZmh[aVw§'' {V? Ed§ {H$a Aå‘m' {V? ""VmVm ‘æh§
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gñgwggwagm{‘H$m§Z AJwU§ H$ÝWopÝV& Vo{h $H${WV§ ÄmËdm nÀN>m g¶§ ^w[ÄPVw§ dÆ>{V' {V gÝYm¶ dwV§&
Amh[aËdm "AgwH$mo ' Zm‘ VwåhmH§$ Ed AJwU§
H$Wo{V' {V nwZ ‘m H$Woæ¶m{g& EVoZ {h Ap½JZm 8) ""gwI§ {Zn{‚mVã~§'' {V BX§ {n gñgwggwagm{‘Ho${h
g{Xgmo Ap½J Zm‘ Z[ËW'' {V& Ed§ B‘pñ‘§ {n H$maU§ nwaoÎma§ g¶Z§ Améæh Z {Zn{‚mVã~§, Vog§ H$Vã~¶wÎmH§$
gm {ZÔmogm d Ahmo{g& ¶Wm M EËW Ed§ gogogw{n& H$Ëdm nÀN>m g¶§ {Zn[‚mVw§ ¶wÎm§' {V gÝYm¶ dwV§&
Vogw nZ A¶‘{Yßnm¶mo''-
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n{Q>XopÝV,VogÄÄmod XmVã~§'' {V gÝYm¶ dwÎm§& H$Ëdm npñgVw§ dÆ>{V, {V gÝYm¶ dwV§&
4) ¶o Z XopÝV, Vog§ Z XmVã~§'' {V BX§ {n'¶o ¶m{MVH§$
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(g§X^©-Yå‘nX AÆ>H$Wm)

OZH$ (nw.)- dS>rb, {Z‘m©Vm eãXmW©
XogZm (ór)- CnXoe
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nmnw{U (H¥$.)- nmohmoMbm, JmR>bobm {Zgr{X (^y.{H«$.)- ~gbm, ~¡R>H$ ‘mabobm
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n{Q>{dñgH$ (nw.)- eoOmar, eoOmamMm ~moYZoæ¶({d.)- ~wÕËd àmá H$ê$Z KoUmam
gÝYm¶ (nw.{H$.)- ‘oi H$ê$Z, OwiUr H$éZ BYmJ‘Z- ¶oWoM, ¶mM OÝ‘r
gñgw ggwa (gm. Zm)- gmgy gmgam n{Q>ÀN>Þo (H¥$.)- PmH$bobm, bn{dbobm
Amh[aËdm (nyd©.{H«$.)- AmUyZ {Zh[aVã~mo ({d.)- ~mhoa Zobo, H$mT>bo nm{hOo
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gH$moÝVw (Znw.)- g‘W© hmoUo, e³¶ hmoUo Ap½J - A¾r (CîUVm) VmnQ>nmÌ
dwÆ>mVã~Æ>mZo (Znw.)- CRy>Z C^o amhUo AmodXo (nw.)- CnXoe, CnXogH$
dÆ>{V ({H«$.)- {’$aVmo, {’$a{dVmo {ZÔogm (nw.)- ñnï>rH$aU, Iwbmgm
{Zßn[‚mVã~ ({H«$.)- Pmonbo nm{hOo A¶‘m{YMmo (nw.)- H$‘{dVo, CËnÞ H$aUmao
Ämm{V{‘Îmogw- ZmVbJ-{‘Ìm‘ܶo
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1. Imbrb àíZm§Mr EH$m dm³¶mV CËVao {bhm. 4) ................Zm‘ VwåhmH§$ Ed§ M AJwU§ H$Wo{V
1) YZ§O¶ d gw‘Zm ¶m§À¶m ‘wbrMo Zm§d H$m¶ hmoVo? {V&(dm³¶ nyU© H$am.)
2) {demImÀ¶m AmB©d{S>bmMo Zmd H$m¶ hmoVo?
3) {demImÀ¶m AmOr AmOmo~mMo Zmd H$m¶ hmoVo? 5) B‘og§ Xg AmodmXmZ§ AËW................
4) {demImMm OÝ‘ Ho$ìhm Pmbm? AnñgÝVmo...............{Zgr{X&
5) {demImMo b¾ Ho$ìhm Pmbo? (dm³¶ nyU© H$am.)
6) {demImZo Xrjm Ho$ìhm d H$moU˶m dfu KoVbr?
7) {demImÀ¶m AmBd© {S>bmZ§ r {demImbm H$mUo H$mUo Vo 5. g§Yr H$am.
CnXeo {Xb?o 1) bÜXm + AbÜX
8) {demImÀ¶m gmgwgmgè¶mMo Zmd H$m¶ hmoVo? 2) BX§ + A{n
9) {demImÀ¶m gmgaMo Zmd H$m¶o hmoVo? 3) B‘§ + Añgm
10) {demImÀ¶m nVrMo Zmd H$m¶ hmoVo?
6. OmiaoIm{MÌ nyU© H$am.

AÝVmo A[½J ~{h Zrh[aVã~mo&

2. Imbrb dm³¶o g˶/Ag˶ AmoiIm. qH$ ¶o XXpÝV Vog§ ¶od XmVã~§&
1) AÝVmo Ap½J ~{h Z Zrh[aVã~mo& Xg
2) VmVm ‘æh§ {nVm Z EV§ gÝYm¶ H$mWo{g&
3) ~m{haVmo Ap½J AÝVmo ndogoVã~mo& Amo XXÝVñgm{n AXXÝVñgm{n XmVã~§&
4) XXÝVñgm{n AXXÝVñgm{n Z XmVã~§& dm
5) XodVm {d¶ H$Ëdm XÆx>§ Z dÆ>{V&
6) Edénmo {h Ap½J g{Xgmo Ap½J Zm‘o hmo{V& Xmo

A gwI§ ^w{‚mVã~§&

3. ê$no AmoiIm. [ËW?
1) gmdpËW¶§
3) ^w[ÄOVw§ 2) Ahmoqg Ap½J n[aM[aVã~mo&
5) OmZm{‘ 4) AXm{g AÝVmo XodVm Z‘pñgVã~m&
7) H$Woæ¶m{g 6) hmoVw
9) {Zgr{Xgw§ 8) gwËdm 7. ¶mo½¶ OmoS>çm bmdm. "~' JQ>
10) H$Ëdm "A' JQ> A) nmnw{U {X³ImqV&
~) nwÎmmo nwÊUd–Z&
4. gyMZoZwgma H¥$Vr H$am. 1) n[aU¶ {dgmIm H$) {dgmIm {Zã~{V&
1) ................{n Imo {‘Jmago{Æ>Zmo nwÎmmo S>) nÝYagdñg d¶ñg
nwÊUd–Z Hw$‘mamo Zm‘ Ahmo{g& 2) gw‘Zm Hw$pÀN>pñ‘
([aH$må¶m OmJm ^am.)(gmdpËW¶§/gmaZmW) Ahmo{g&
2) ¶oZ Z XopÝV, Vog§ Z................ & 3) Ma‘mZmo V§ ZJa§
(dm³¶ nyU© H$am.)
3) XXÝVñgm{n AXXÝVñgm{n................& 8. XrKm}Îmar àíZm§Mr CÎmao {bhm.
(dm³¶ nyU© H$am.) 1) ‘wbJr gmgar OmV AgVm§Zm d{S>bm§Zr {demIobm
H$moUVm CnXoe Ho$bm?
2) "OZHo$Z VZ¶m AmodmX§' Mm gmam§e {bhm?

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n nn 5) ~hþOZg”Q>H$mo N>Îmn{V {gdm{O ‘hmaÄÄmmo n

àñVmdZm
‘hmamï´> amÁ¶mMm B{Vhmg ‘hÎdnyU© B{Vhmg Amho. ¶m ‘hmamï´>m‘ܶo AZoH$ ‘hmnwéfm§Zr OÝ‘ KoVbm

Am{U Amnë¶m H$m¶©H$V©¥ËdmZo Vo B{VhmgmV AOam‘a Pmbo. ˶mn¡H$s EH$ ‘hËdnyU© Zmd åhUOo N>ÌnVr {edmOr
‘hmamO.

N>ÌnVr {edmOr ‘hmamO ho amï´>mbm {dXoer Am{U AmVVmB© amOgÎmonmgyZ ñdV§Ì H$ê$Z amÁ¶m‘ܶo EH$
gmd©^m¡‘ ñdV§Ì amOgÎmm ñWmnZ H$aUmao EH$ ‘hmZm¶H$ R>aVmV, åhUyZ Vo ñdmV§Í¶mMo OZH$, ‘wº$sXmVo Va
R>aVmVM; na§Vw ˶m§À¶m ì¶{³V‘ËËdmMo ¶m ì¶{V[a³Vhr Ago AZoH$ n¡by AmhoV Oo ˶m§Zm ‘mZdVoMo nwOmar gwÜXm
R>a{dVmV. ˶m n¡by‘ܶo Z¡{VH$ dV©UyH$, {ó¶m§àVr gÝ‘mZ, OmV,Y‘©,n§W B˶mXr ^oX^mda{hV àJë^ d¡Mm[aH$Vm,
{dkmZdmXr {dMmagaUr, àOm{hVXj amOm, Hw$eb Am{U H$m¶©j‘ àemgH$ B˶mXr JwUd¡{eîQ>çm§Zr ˶m§Mo
ì¶{³V‘Îd n[anyU© hmoVo. Vo gd© Y‘mªMm gÝ‘mZ H$arV AgV. ˶m§À¶m goZo‘ܶo AZoH$ ~hþOZ gaXma hmoVo. ˶m§Mm
g§Kf© hm H$Å>aVm Am{U CX§S>Vm ¶m{déÕ hmoVm.

"‘wbmMo nm¶ nmiʶmV {XgVmV' Aer EH$ åhU Amho. ˶mà‘mUoM ˶m§Mr AmB© d Hw$eb ‘mJ©Xe©H$ {OOmB©
¶m§Zr ˶m§Mo ì¶{³V‘Îd KS>{dbo hmoVo, åhUyZM bhmZnUmV {H$„o qOH$ʶmMm Ioi IoiUmao {edmOr ‘hmamO Z§Va
A{Ve¶ H$‘r d¶mV dmñV{dH$[a˶m {H$„o qOH$VmV. åhUyZ 춳VrÀ¶m ‘ZmV Oa BÀN>me³Vr Agob, H$m¶©j‘Vm,
Y¡¶©erbVm d Z¡{VH$ ‘yë¶ AgVrb Va ¶m ~imÀ¶m ghmæ¶mZo Vmo gd© g‘ñ¶m§da ‘mV H$é eH$Vmo, hr àoaUm
N>ÌnVr {edmOr ‘hmamOm§À¶m H$m¶©H$V©¥ËdmVyZ KoVm ¶oVo. ¶mM CÔoemZo ¶m nmR>çKQ>H$mMr aMZm H$aʶmV Ambr
Amho. ""amOmZo bmoH$H$ë¶mÊmmÀ¶m g§dY©ZmgmR>r g‘mOì¶dñWm àñWm{nV H$ê$Z ZdrZ amÁ¶mMr {Z{‘©Vr H$aUo.''
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‘hmaÆ> a‚mo AZoH$m B{Vhm{gH$m amOd§go{h a‚mm Bgmdñgo qVg{V gmoiñggVo ’$ad[a ‘mgo EHw$Udrg{V
AH$[a& Vogw N>Îmn{V {gdm{O ‘hmaÄÄmmoñg Zm‘ A½JÆm{Z {Xdm‘ nwUo ZJ[añg gpÝVHo$ {dOm{¶&
ApËW& {nVwZmo ghm{O ‘mbmo{O ^mogbo M ‘mVw¶m {OOmB©
bIwOr OmYdoZ§ CXao ~mbH$mo {gdm{Oñg {gdZo[a Xþ½Jpñ‘¨ {OOmB©ZoZ Aßnd¶moÝVo' d {gdm{Oñg AÝVH$aUpñ‘§
Yå‘{ZÆ>m, gm{YZVm,M[aÎmo{ZÆ>m M gm{^‘mZmo VWod ÄmmU§-

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n{Q>gpå^Xm, {dÄÄmmU§ M d§gnånamñg g’mamo AXm{g& ‘amR>mg‘mO§ AXm{g, VWod g~Zrgmo ~«m÷Ug‘mO§,
‘yZ¶mo, Bg¶mo n[aVmo A{g‘mo gÕm A{d{gËWVm,gwÕmo H$maIm{Zgmo n^yg‘mO§,am‘mo{g M ‘hmamo g‘mO a³IZmZ§
Mm[aÎmmo, goZmgw ‘mXH$dhm dËWw {ZgoYo{V, nwÎmXmaH$m H$呧 AXm{g& B‘o gã~o gwamZ§ "‘mdio'$ B{V gå~moYZ
Am{XHo$ ‘m h[ÄÄmVã~§ {V gmo Vñg AmUm¶ hmo{V& {H$[#m AH$[a&
BpËWñg Ad‘mZo{V Z ^d{V BX§ n[aVmo Xëhm nm¶moOo{V
{Zå‘Zm{gßnr, BX§ N>Îmn{Vñg JwU{dgogmo Vpñ‘§ g‘¶o VWod N>Îmn{V {gdm{O ‘hmamOmZ§ AZoH$m Xw½Jo
goZm{Zpñ‘¨ gpÝXñg{V Z gpÝV& N>Îmn{V {gdm{Oñg BX§ gwap³IVm ap³I& N>Îmn{V {gdm{O ‘hmaÄÄmmo M Vñg
JwUm Vogopñ‘¨ Vog§ ‘mVoåhm Ab{^& {OOmB© Z§ draH$ÄÄmm, {dMmagaUrZmZ§ gwa draoZ CÎmamo ^maVogw AZoH$m nXogmZ§
dra^[a¶m M dra‘mVm AËWoZ gå~moYpÝV& AÎmZmo X{‘& VogmZ§ nogmda{h Xp³IUopñ‘§ ‘Ômg ¶md,
~§Jmbo{h n{ƒ‘§ JwOamVo ¶md a‚mgÎmm n{Q>ËWmnZm AH$[a&
gÝV VwH$mam‘ ‘hmamOmZoZ gã~ Jm‘ogw ~hþOZ
g‘mOmZ§ gm‘m{OH$mo M amO{H$¶mo {X{Æ>¶m g{V-gånÄO N>Îmn{V {gdm{O ‘hmaÄÄmmo gm‘m{OH$mo M amO{H$¶mo
AH$[a& VwH$mo~m ‘hmamOmo XmaH$mo {gdm{Oñg "N>Îmn{V' {damoYZmg‘Zm ndÎmoÝVw§ "AÆ>nYmZ‘ÊS>bñg' n{VÆ>mnZm
A¶§ Cnm{Y Am¶wñg ÛoXg dñgr AXm{g& N>Îmn{V AH$[a& ‘hmÞdmnYmZmo-a‚mñgn‘wIm, A‘mƒ-
H$a{U¶oZ hmo{V, Z OÀMm hmo{V& ‘hmaÆ> nXogpñ‘§ {hgm~{Zg, g{Mdmo-gÝXog{d{Z‘¶m, ‘pÝV-hoan‘yImo,
gÝVo H$Vmo Ypå‘H$mo M gm‘m{OH$mo M CÞVogw N>Îmn{V goZmnVr-goZmZ§ n‘wImo, gw‘ÝV-{dXogm CnXogH$m,
{gdm{O ‘hmaÄÄmmo amO{H$¶mo M gm‘{OH$mo M AdÎmmZm XÊS>ݶm¶H$m-ݶm¶n‘wImo, npÊS>Vamd-Yå‘ n‘wImo&
AH$[a& N>Îmn{V {gdm{O ‘hmaÄÄmmo gmYw-gÝVmZ§-
g‘UmZ§ gmoËWmZm A{XËdm AÎma‚mñg n{VÆ>mnZm AH$[a& N>Îmn{V {gdm{O ‘hmaÄÄmmoñg g‘pËW¶m M gånXmZm
AÎma‚mñg H$å‘mZ§ gã~ g§J{ZH$aVmZ§ (g‘mOmZ§) (AmMaUm) g„³IZr¶m A{ËW& ‘hmaÄÄmmo AÎma‚mñg
AZw½Jhm b{^V§w ‘hmaÄÄmmo ~hþOZmZ§ hËWopñ‘§ gã~nR>‘mo R>mnZm,nã~V-{ZÞ^y{‘¶m goZm¶ ghmæ¶oZ "J{Z‘rH$mdm'
gËW AXm{g M "~hþOZ{hVm¶, ~hþOZgwIm¶' ndÎmo{g& BX§ ¶wÁPZrqV AËWoZ d[–& CÎm‘m goZm{Z, {dOmZm{V
ZpËW EÎmmdVm d hdmbXmamo M gaZmo~V BX§ YwaÝYaVm aÄÄmmo aÁÁmmnmbݶm¶Vm OmZm{V (OmZH$ma), Ypå‘H$mo
A{YdmgH$m, XþVoæ¶m ZoVw, Ypå‘H$m dÎmZm, H$味I‘m
gmgZm, B{ËW¶m n[aVmo AmXam, X¶mXmahm n{Q>n‚m{V

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{dZmgo{V ({dZmgH$m), ‘ZwOmZ§ ¶Wm^yVm Cnn[a³Im, gånmXH$g^m n{VÆ>mnoVw§ VWod OJmZ§ nÀM‘wI{ñ‘§
Xogr¶m no‘§, b³Iamo C{Æ>, Zm{dH$m Xbm n{Q>ËWm{n& gã~nR>‘mo N>Îmn{V {gdm{O ‘hmaÄÄmmoñg O¶pÝV
H$ë¶mUnÆ>Zo Ama‘ma§ n{VÆmnoËdm nmoVw{JOñg M ‘hmOZm¶{XÆ>oZ Amaå^m H$amnoVw ‘mZdmZ§ nwOH$m aÆ>{nVm
{~Q>rgñg d–‘mZñg n^md§ {dÀN>oX§ H$Vm M {Zdmao{g& Omo{V~m ’w$bo ¶ñg N>Îmn{V {gdm{O aÄÄmmopñ‘¨ ^y{‘Xã~r
gwdÊUXþ½J§, {gÝYwXþ½J§ BX§ g‘ÔnmH$ma ‘mnoËdm g‘wÔVra§ (nmodmS>m) ¶mo{OËdm N>Îmn{V {gdm{O ‘hmaÄÄmmoñg ng§gm
ap³I& ""ÁmZ{hVm¶ a‚m, nOmZ§ gwIm B‘o'd aÄÄmmoñg AH$[a M "Hw$idmS>r ^ygU N>Îmn{V {gdm{O' Ed§ H$WZm
gwImo, nOmZ§ {hVm B‘o'd aÄÄmmoñg {hVmo,'' BËW§ nwamVUm AH$[a&
{MÝVZmZ§ ¶WmZwén§ N>Îmn{V {gdm{O ‘hmaÄÄmmo dÎmoVw
Ahmo{g& Vñ‘m A‚m'{n VogmZ§ H$å‘énoZ Vo nƒoH$mZ§
g‘wÎmoOopÝV&
^maV A¶§ H${gnYmZ Xog A[ËW& a‚mñg
H${gH$å‘ogw'd AËW{dݶmg§ (n[anmbZm) {ZpñgVm (ñda{MV)
Ahmo{g& N>Îmn{V {gdm{O ‘hmaÄÄmmo H${g CÞ‘{V
A{^‘wI§ {dgogmo AdYmZm AXm{g& H$ñgHo$ H${g H$mVw§
CÎmo{OVm AXm{g& AmnVZ ^yq‘ H${gH$å‘ogw Amh[a&
H$ñgH$mo M Jm{‘Ho$Z M VogmZ§ d{nVmZ§ Ama³I AXm{g&
a‚mopñ‘¨ H${gZ§ {d‚mmZwJVm JUZm{¶Ëdm B{V ¶WmZwén§
IoÎmgmam (H$gZ¶m) {Z{ƒVm AH$[a& AZmWm H$ñgHo$
~rOm-~rOm¶oU AXm{g, Cg^m-ZdZHw$gm A{Q>½JÊhmVw§
é{n¶m AXm{g, Zogp½JH$m AnXm g‘¶r H$ñgH$mZmZ§ nwã~m
IoÎmgmam bmono{V AH$[a& X¶mXmZ§ AXþhmbogw Cnb^mV
OZmZ§ ‘w{ÎmËdm {dgog nƒhmaÝVw§ nXËWm (A{YH$mar)
{Z¶m{‘& H${gZmZ§ YaUoZ M ~ÝYmaoZ {Zå‘m{U VWod
Xw½Jogw CÎm‘m Obn[anmbZm AH$[a&

~hþOZmZ§ hËWogw gã~ nR>‘mo "gËW' M Jm‘mZ§
nm{Q>bH$s Xm¶r aÄÄmmoñg' {V' Epßnbo N> gV ghñgm{Z
AñmrVr am¶JS>Xþ½Jo R>mU§ {Zã~mZ§ A{YJpÀN>&

N>Îmn{V {gdm{O ‘hmaÄÄmmoñg am¶JS>opñ‘§ Mo{V¶m
(g‘m{Y) Jdog{VËdm {gdO¶{ÝVCñgdmo nH$m{Q>H$VmÝV§w

a‚m (Znw.)- amÁ¶ eãXmW©
A½JÆ>m{Z ({d.)- AJ«ñWmZr
Xþ½Jpñ‘¨ (nw.)- {H$ëë¶mda g§³Imamo (nw.)- g§ñH$ma
gm{YZVm (nw.)- ñdmV§Í¶ A{g‘mo ({d.)- A{g‘
M[aÎm{ZÆ>m ({d.)- Mm[aͶ{Zð>m Ad{gËWVm ({d.)- gmYonUm
n{Q>gpå^Xm ({d.)- ‘r‘m§gmnyU© kmZ H$a{U¶oZ ({d.)- H$V¥©ËdmZo
AdÎmmZm ({d.)- H«$m§Vr
{dMma{d{Z‘¶mVyZ àmá kmZ gmoËWmZm (nw.)- Amerdm©X
A{XËdm (nyd©.{H«$.)- KoD$Z

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AÎm (nw.g.Zm.)- ñdV… H${g (ór.)- eoVr
{H$[ÄM (A.)- H$mhr nYmZ (Znw.)- àYmZ
Cn[a (A.)- da {Z{ñgVm (H¥$.)- Am{lV, Adb§~yZ
gwa ({d.)- eya CÞ‘{V (dV©.{H«$.)- àJVr H$aVmo
X[‘ (^y.[H«$.)- {Z¶§ÌUmV AmUbo H$mVw§ (nyd©.{H«$.)- H$aʶmgmR>r
¶md (A)- n¶ªV CÎmo{OVm (ór.)- CÎmo{OV H$aUmar, àmoËgm{hV H$aUmar
n{VÆ>mnZm (nw.)- ñWmnZm AmnV (Znw.)- nS>rH$
AH$[a (^y.[H«$.)- Ho$bo d{nV (H¥$.)- ~rO noaVm
{damoYZmg‘Zm (Znw.)- gbmoIm Cg^ (nw.)- ~¡b
ndÎmoÝVw ({Z.A.)- amIʶmgmR>r AnXm (Znw.)- AmnÎmr
n‘wImo (Znw.)- à‘wI nwã~ ({d.)- nyduMo
CnXogH$m(nw.)- CnXoeH$ IoÎmgmam (nw.)- eoVrH$a, OH$mV
g‘{ËW¶m ({d.)- ¶mo½¶Vm, g‘W©Vm bmono{V (dV©.{H«$.)- Zï> hmoVo, bmon nmdVo
gånXmZm ({d.)- H$m‘{Jar ‘w{Îm (ór)- ‘w³Vr, ñdmV§Í¶
g„³IZr¶m ({d.)- C„oIZr¶, qMVZr¶ {dgog (nw.)- {deof
nã~V (nw.)- nd©V nƒhmaÝVw§- naV AmUʶmgmR>r, dgwbrgmR>r
{dOmZm{V (dV©.{H«$.)- OmUVmo Xm¶r ({d.)- XoUmam
d{– (^y.{H«$.)- {dH${gV Ho$bm H$mb{H$[a¶m (ór.)- ‘aU, A§V, eodQ>
dÎmZm (ór.)- ì¶dhma, dV©Z, AmMaU {Zã~mZ (Znw.)- {Zdm©U
B{ËW (ór.)- ór, ‘{hbm A{YJ[ÀN> (^yV.{H«$.)- àmá Ho$bo
n^md (nw.)- à^md Jdog{VËdm (nyd©.{H«$)- emoYyZ
{Zdmao{g (^y.{H«$.)- Wm§~{dbo, g§n{dbo ng§gm (ór.)- àe§gm
gwI§ ({H«$.{d.)- gwIH$maH$ nƒH$ ({d.)- à˶oH$
nwamVUm ({d.)- àmMrZ g‘wÎmoOopÝV (dV©.{H«$.)- ào[aV H$aVmV, CÎmo{OV H$aVmV.
dÎmZ (Znw.)- dV©Z, dmJUyH$

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1. Imbrb àíZm§Mr EH$m dm³¶mV CËVao {bhm. 6) gd© eya-dram§Zm H$moU˶m ZmdmZo g§~moYë¶m OmV
1) {edmOr ‘hmamOm§Mm OÝ‘ Hw$R>o Pmbm? Ago?

2) {edmOr ‘hmamOm§À¶m AmB©-dS>rbm§Mo Zmd H$m¶ 7) {edmOr ‘hmamOm§Zr H$moU˶m ‘§S>imMr ñWmnZm
hmoVo ? Ho$br d H$m§ Ho$br?

3) {edmOr ‘hmamOm§Zm H$moUVr CnmYr {‘imbr 8) nd©V-S>m|Ja Xè¶m§‘ܶo {edmOr ‘hmamOm§Zr H$moUVo
hmoVr? ¶wÜX V§Ì {dH${gV Ho$bo hmoVo?

4) {edmOr ‘hmamOm§Zm N>ÌnVr hr CnmYr Hw$Ur 9) {edmOr ‘hmamOm§Mm ‘¥Ë¶y Ho$ìhm Pmbm?
{Xbr?
10){edmOr ‘hmamOm§Mr g‘mYr Hw$Ur emoYyZ
5) {OOm~mB© ¶m§À¶m dS>rbm§Mo Zmd H$m¶ hmoVo? H$mT>br?

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2. Imbrb dm³¶o g˶/Ag˶ AmoiIm. 5. OmoS>çm bmdm.
1) ~mbH$mo {gdm{Oñg {gdZo[a Xþ½Jpñ‘ {dOm{¶&
"A' JQ> "~' JQ>
2) {OOmB©Z§ draHÄÄmm, dra‘mVm Z gå~moYpÝV$&
1) {gdm{Oñg {nVZw mo A) ghm{OaÄÄmmo ^mgo bo
3) qghJS>Xþ½Jo AÎmaÆ>ñg A½JZJam ‘m{nVm&
2) {gdm{Oñg {dOm{¶ BX§ X½þ Jo ~) N>Îmn{V
4) VwH$mo~m ‘hmamÁmmo XmaH$mo {gdm{Oñg N>Îmn{V
Cnm{Y ÛoXg dñgr AXm{g& 3) AÎmaÆ>ññm A½JZJam H$) {gdZ[o a

5) gã~o gwamZ§ ‘mdi BËW§ gå~moYZ AH$[a& 4) {gdm{Oñg Cnm{Y S>) gV§ VHw $mam‘ ‘hmamO

3. ¶mo½¶ n¶m©¶ {ZdSy>Z dm³¶o nyU© H$am. 5) ‘hmZ gÝVmo B) amJ¶S>X½þ Jo
1) gmio gd¶mno Îmm.o ....... {d{OËdm AÎmaÆ>§ n{VÆ>m{n&
({gÝYwXþ½J§/VmoaUmXþ½J§) ’$) Vmao UmX½þ Jo
2) ........ AÎmaÆ>ñg A½JZJam ‘m{nVm&
(am¶JS>Xþ½Jo/{dO¶Xþ½Jo) 6. OmiaoIm{MÌ nyU© H$am.
3) {gdm{O ‘hmamOñg {nVw Zm‘........ A{ËW&
(g§^m{O ^mogbo/ghm{O ^mogbo) ‘hmÞdmnYmZmo
4) Hw$idmS>r ^ygU........ Ed§ H$WZm AH$[a&
(N>Îmn{V {gdm{O/N>Îmn{V g§^m{O) AÆ>nYmZ‘ÊS>b&
5) {gdm{O ‘hmaÄÄmm........H$mb{H$[a¶§ Ahmo{g&
(qghJS>Xþ½Jo/am¶JS>Xþ½Jo) goZmn{V

4. g§Yr {dJ«h H$am. npÊS>Vamdmo
1) VogmZ§
7. XrKmo©Îmar àíZm§Mr CÎmao {bhm.
2) Vpñ‘¨ 1) ~hþOZ g§KQ>H$ N>ÌnVr {edmOr ‘hmamOm§Mr
H$m¶©e¡br ñnï> H$am.
3) VWod 2) àOm{hVXj Am{U ‘mZdVmdmXr-{dkmZdmXr
amOm åhUyZ N>ÌnVr {edmOr ‘hmamOm§Mo dU©Z
H$am.

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n nn 6) {n¶Xpñg AgmoH$ñg Wå^boIm n

àñVmdZm
{à¶Xeu AemoH$mMo Zmd Ho$di ^maVmVM Zìho Va OJm‘ܶo ‘moR>çm AmXamZo KoVbo OmVo. {à¶Xeu

AemoH$mMm OÝ‘ B.g.nyd© 304 ‘ܶo Pmbm hmoVm. ˶m§Mm amÁ¶m{^foH$ B.g.nyd©. 270 ‘ܶo Pmbm hmoVm. AemoH$mZo
Amnë¶m OrdZmV H$qbJMo EH$M ¶wÜX Ho$bo. ¶m ¶wÜXmV Pmbobr Or{dV hmZr nmhÿZ ˶m§Zr ¶mnwT>o ¶wÜX Z H$aʶmMr
à{Vkm KoVbr.

AemoH$mZo {ebmboI, JwhmboI, ñV§^boI ¶m§À¶m ‘mܶ‘mVyZ {d{dY ~m~tZm àmoËgmhZ {Xbo. ñV§^boImMm
Xþgam d nmMdm ^mJ ¶m {R>H$mUr Aä¶mgmbm KoVbobm Amho. H$moU˶mhr OrdmMr qhgm H$ê$ Z¶o ¶mMm A§JrH$ma
gd© àOoZo H$amdm d ho H$m¶© {MaH$mb MmbV amhmdo, hr {eH$dU AemoH$mZo Q>monam ñV§^boI {X„r ¶m ñV§^boImÀ¶m
‘mܶ‘mVyZ àOobm {Xbobr Amho.

""춳Vr d àmUr ¶m§Mo g§ajU, H¥${f d newg§dY©Z g§ajU ì¶dñWm H$aUo.''
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XodmZ§pßn¶mo {n¶Xpñg amOm Ed§ Amh& B‘§ AËWm¶ Yå‘{bqn {bIm{nVm&
Y呧 gmYy, {H$ A¶§ M Yå‘mo? B{V AZgZ§ ~h§þ AH$[a& Bd§ AZwn{Q>n‚mÝVw {Ma{Æ>{VH$m M hmoVw B{V&
X¶m, XmZ§, gƒ§ gmoMoæ¶, M³IwXmZ§ A{n ~hþ{dYm {XÞm& ¶mo M BX§ g§n{Q>n[‚mñg{V gmo gwH$V§ H$[añg{g&
XþßnmXMVwßnmXogw np³Idm[aMaogw {d{dY§ ‘o AZw½Jh§
H$Vm, AmnmZ§- Xþp³IUm, AÄÄmm{Z A{n M ‘¶m ~hþ{Z XodmZ§pßn¶mo {n¶Xpñg amOm Ed§ Amh& N>ã~rg{VdñgoZ
{H$ƒm{Z AH$[a& A{^gÎmoZ ‘¶m B‘m{Z OmVm{Z Ad{YVw§ H$mV§w& V§ ¶Wm
gwH$mo, gm{bH$m, Aê$Umo, M¸$dmH$mo, hgmo, Z§{X‘wImo,

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JobmQ>mo OVwH$m, Aå~{n{nbH$m, XÊS>r, AZ{Æ>H$‘ÀN>o, Ywdm¶ M AZnmogW, ‘ÀN>o Ad{YW Z A{n {d{¸$UmW&
doXdo¶H$mo J§JmHw$¸$Q>m, gwdÊU‘ÀN>m, Hw$å‘H$m, gb¸$m, EVm{Z A¶§ {Xdgm{Z ZmJdZogw, Ho$dQ>^mJogw ¶m{Z
nÊUggH$m, {g‘bm gÊS>Ho$, AmoH$mg{hÊS>o, nbmgVo, AÄÄmm{Z A{n OrdmZr H$m¶m{Z Z hZoæ¶& AÆ>‘rn³Io,
goVH$nmoVm, Jm‘H$nmoVm gã~o MVwßnXm ¶o n{Q>^moJ§; M MmVwÔgo, n#m‘Ôgo {Vñgo nwZã~gw Vrgw MmVw‘mgo
Z EVm{Z ImXÝVw& EpìdH$m, gwH$ar M Jpã^Zr, dm gw{Xdgo JmoUm¶§ Z b³I H$aoæ¶w§& AOH$m EiH$m gwH$am
nm{¶Vm EV§ Ad{YÝVw& M nmoVH$m{Z A{n M EH$m{Z dm AÄÄmm{Z b³I{V Zmo b³I涧w& {Vñgm¶, nwZã~gwZmo,
A[ËW ‘m{gH$mo& Hw$¸$Q§$ dY§ Z H$Îmã~mo; Vwgo gOrdo MmVw‘mgo, MmVw‘mgn³Im¶ Añgñg dm JmoUñg b³I§ Z
Z PmnoVã~mo, Xmdmo AZËWm¶ {dqhgm dm Z PmnoVoæ¶w§& H$Îmã~mo& ¶md N>~rg{Vdñgmo A{^{gÎmmo ‘o EVm¶ AÝVao
OrdoZ Ordmo Z nmogoæ¶w§& Vr{U MmVw‘mgñg, Vr{U nÄMdrg ~§YZ‘mo³I{Z H$Vm{Z&
nwÊU{‘¶m$VrUr {Xdgm{Z MVw{Ôg§ nÄM{Ôg§ n{Q>n‚moæ¶w§
(g§X^©- AgmoH$ñg Wå^boIm)

eãXmW©

AZgZ§(Znw.)- dmB©Q> H$‘m©nmgyZ Xÿa amhmUo. M¸$dmH$mo (nw.)- MH«$dmH$, MH$dm njr
gmoM涧(Znw.)- gw{MVm (n{dÌVm) h§gmo (nw.)- h§g
Xßþ nmXMVßw nmXgo -w XmZo nm¶mÀ§ ¶m‘ܶo Am{U Mma nm¶mÀ§ ¶m‘ܶo Aå~{n{nbH$m ({ó)- bhmZ ‘w§Jr
np³Idm[aMaogw (nw.)- njr Am{U ObMa AZ{Æ>H$‘ÀN>o(nw.)- {~Zm hmS>mMm ‘mgm
AZw½Jh§- CnH$ma (AZwJ«h) J§JmHw$¸$Q>m (nw.)- EH$ àH$maMm H$m|~S>m
{H$ƒm{Z(Znw.)- gËH$‘© gwdÊU‘ÀN>m (nw.)- gdU©‘mgm
AZwn{Qn‚mÝVw (^.)- AmMaU H$aVrb Hw$å‘H$m (nw.)- H$mgd
{Ma{Æ>{VH$m ({d.)- {MaH$mb {Q>H$Umao nÊUggH$m(pó)- nU©ee, EH$àH$maMr Ima (ISw>i)
gH$V§({d.)- gËH$‘© {g‘bm (nw.)- ~maqgKm
OmVm{Z (Znw.)- OÝ‘bobo gÊS>Ho$ (nw.)- gm§S>(diy)
Ad{YV§w (nyH$m.)- Adܶ AmoH$mg{hÊS>o (nw.)- AmoH$qnS>, AmoH$ njr
gwH$mo (nw.)- nmonQ> nbmgVo (nw.)- J|S>m
gm{bH$m (ór)- ‘¡Zm goVH$nmoVm (nw.)- ídoV H$~wVa

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n{Q>^moJ§ (Znw.)- Cn¶moJmV ¶oUmao Xmdmo (nw.)- O§Jb
E{iH$m (nw.)- ES>H$m n{Q>n‚mo涧w (ór.)- à{VnXobm
Jpã^Zr (ór.)- J^©dVr Ho$dQ>^mJogw (nw.)- ‘mgo‘mar H$aUmè¶m§Mo Vio
nm{¶Vm (ór.)- XyY nmOUmar {Odm{Z H$m¶m{Z ({d.)- Ord g‘yh
nmoVH$ (nw.)- {n„o gw{Xdgo ({d.)- ew^ {Xder
Vwgo (ór.)- ^wgm b³I§ ({d.)- {MÝh, S>mJ
Z PmnoVã~mo({H«$.)- Omië¶m OmD$ Z¶o ~§YZ‘mo³Im{Z (Znw.)- ~§YZmVyZ ‘w³V Pmbobo.

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ñdmܶm¶

1. Imbrb àíZm§Mr EH$m dm³¶mV CËVao {bhm. 4. ZH$mamWu dm³¶ V¶ma H$am.
1) H$moU˶m amOmÛmao Yå‘{bnr {bhrbr Jobr Amho? 1) E{iH$m, gwH$[a M Jpã^Zr dm nm{¶Vm EV§
d{YÝVw&
2) Xodm§Zm{ච{à¶XeuamOmZo Yå‘ H$embm åhQ>bo 2) AOH$m, EiH$m, gwH$am dm AÄÄmm{Z b³I{V
Amho? b³Ioæ¶w§&

3) Xodm§Zm{ච{n¶XeuamOmZo H$moU˶m H$maUmZo hr 5. hmoH$mamWu dm³¶ V¶ma H$am.
Yå‘{b{n {bhrbr Amho? 1) X¶m, XmZ§, gƒ§, gmoM涧, M³IwXmZ§ A{n
~hþ{dYm A{XÞm&
4) Xodm§Zm{ච{à¶Xeu amOmÀ¶m ‘Vo H$moU˶m ${Xder
‘mgo ‘mé Z¶oV d {dH«$s H$ê$ Z¶oV? 6. g§Yr H$am.
1) Ed§+Amh
5) Xodm§Zm{ච{à¶Xeu amOmZo {H$Vr doim H¡$Úm§Mr 2) gmo + A{n
H¡$XoVyZ gwQ>H$m Ho$br$ 3) JmoU + Am¶§

2. Imbrb dm³¶o g˶/Ag˶ AmoiIm. 7. ¶mo½¶ n¶m©¶ {ZdSy>Z dm³¶o nyU© H$am.
1) XþßnmXMVwßnmXogw np³Idm[aMaogw {d{dY§ ‘o 1) Y呧 gmYw, qH$ A¶§ M................?&
AZw½Jh§ AH$Vm& (Yå‘mo/Y呧)
2) {Vñgm¶, nwZã~gwZmo, MmVw‘mgo, MmVw‘mgn³Im¶
2) ¶mo M BX§ g§n{Q>n{‚mñg{V gmo gwH$V§ H$[añg{g& Añgñg dm JmoUñg b³I§................&
(H$Îmã~mo/Z H$Îmã~mo)
3) N>ã~rg{VdñgoZ A{^{gÎmoZ ‘¶m B‘m{Z OmVm{Z
d{YVw§ H$mV§w& 8. OmiaoIm{MÌ nyU© H$am.

4) OrdoZ Ordmo nmogoæ¶w§& B‘o b³I§ Z H$Îmã~mo& gwH$am

5) ZmJdZogw, Ho$dQ>^mJogw ¶m{Z AÄÄmm{Z A{n
Ordm{Z H$m¶m{Z Z hZoæ¶&

6) gã~o MVwßnXm ¶o n{Q>^moJ§, Z EVm{Z ImXÝVw&

3. ê$no AmoiIm. 2) g§n{Q>n{‚mg{V 9. XrKm}Îmar àíZmMo CÎma {bhm.
1) Ad{YW {à¶Xeu AemoH$mÀ¶m Xþgè¶m d nmMì¶m ñV§^boImMr

3) AH$[a ‘m{hVr {bhm.

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nn nn
w 7) MÎmm[a Xñg{Z¶m{Z R>mZm{Z
y w
àñVmdZm
n y
àñVwV nmR> XrK{ZH$m¶ J«§WmVrb ‘hmn[a{Zã~mUgwÎm ‘YyZ KoʶmV Ambobm Amho. ¶m nmR>mVyZ VWmJV
n~wÜXmÀ¶m OrdZmVrb Mma ‘hÎdmÀ¶m KQ>Zm H$moU˶m Mma {R>H$mUr KS>ë¶m Vo H$iVo. {edm¶ AmOhr øm ñWmZm§Zmn
àoaUmXm¶r ñWio H$m åhQ>bo OmVo Vo bjmV ¶oVo.
n
bwpå~Zr, ~moYJ¶m, gmaZmW, Am{U Hw$grZmam Aer Zmdo AgUmè¶m ˶m ‘hËdm§À¶m ñWmZm§da AmOhr
OJ^amVrb bmoH$ àoaUm KoʶmgmR>r ¶oV AmhoV ho bjmV R>odʶmgmaIo Amho. hr {R>H$mUo àoaUmXm¶r AgyZ H$moU˶m
àXoemV AmhoV ¶mMr ^m¡Jmo{bH$ ‘m{hVr ¶m nmR>m‘ܶo XoʶmV Ambobr Amho.

"" amï´>r¶ ‘hÎdmMr ñ‘maHo$, ñWmZo Am{U dñVw ¶m§Mo g§ajU VgoM g§{‘l g§ñH¥$VrÀ¶m g‘¥Õ dmaemMo ‘mob
OmUyZ Vo OVZ H$aUo.''

bwpå~Zr ~moYJ¶m

"nwã~o ämÝVo! {Xgmgw dñg§ dwËWm [^³Iw AmJÀN>pÝV g§doOZr¶m{Z R>mZm{Z& H$V‘m{Z MÎmm[a?
VWmJV§ XñgZm¶, Vo ‘¶§ b^m‘ ‘Zmo^mdZr¶o {^³Iw 1) "BY VWmJVmo OmVmo' {V'(bwpå~Zr) AmZÝX! gÜXñg
XñgZm¶ b^m‘ n{¶énmgZm¶& ^JdVmo nZ ‘¶§ ^ÝVo!
Aƒ¶oZ Z b{^ñgm‘ ‘Zmo^mdZr¶o {^³Iw XñgZm¶ Z Hw$bnwÎmñg XñgZr¶§ gdoOZr¶§ R>mZ§&
b{^ñgm‘ n{¶énmgZm¶m' {V& 2) "BY VWmJVmo AZwÎma§ gå‘mgå~mo{Y A{^gå~wÜXmo'{V'

MÎmm[a‘m{Z AmZÝX! gÜXñg Hw$bnwÎmñg XñgZr¶m{Z (~moYJ¶m) AmZÝX! gÜXñg Hw$bnwÎmñg XñgZr¶§
g§doOZr¶§ R>mZ§&

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3) "BY VWmJVoZ AZwÎma Yå‘M¸§$ nd{VVpÝV'(gmaZmW) AmÝmÝX! gÕm {^³Iw {^³Iw{Z¶m CnmgH$m Cnm{gH$m¶mo,
AmZÝX! gÜXñg Hw$bnwÎmñg XñgZr¶§ g§doOZr¶§ "BY VWmJVmo OmVmo'{V {n'& "BY VWmJVmo AZwÎma§
R>mZ§& gå‘mgå~moqY A{^gå~wÜXmo'{V {n& "BY VWmJVoZ AZwÎma§
Yå‘M¸$ nd{ÎmVpÝV {n& "BY VWmJVmo AZwnm{Xgogm¶
4) "BY VWmJVoZ AZwnm{Xgogm¶ {Zã~mUYmVw¶m {Zã~mUYmVw¶m n[a{Zã~wVmo {V {n'& ¶o{h Ho${M AmZÝX!
n[a{Zã~wVmo'{V (Hw${gZmam) AmZÝX! gÜXñg Mo{V¶Mm[aH§$ A{hÊS>ÝVm ngÞ{MÎmm H$mb§ H$[añgpÝV
Hw$bnwÎmñg XñgZr¶§ g§doOZr¶§ R>mZ§& gã~o Vo H$m¶ñg ^oXm na§ ‘aUm gwJqV g½J§ bmoH§$
B‘m{Z Imo AmZÝX! MÎmm[a gÜXñg Hw$bnwÎmñg Cnn{‚mñgpÝV{V&

XñgZr¶m{Z g§doOZr¶m{Z R>mZm{Z& AmJ{‘ñgpÝV Imo (g§X^©-XrK{ZH$m¶ ‘hmn[a{Zã~mUgwÎm)

gmaZmW $$Hw${gZmam

eãXmW©

{Xgmgw ({d.)- {Xem‘ܶo AZwÎma (Znw.)- gd©loð>, gdm}Îm‘.
n{¶énmgZm¶ (ór)- gVV g§nH$m©V amhʶmgmR>r A{^gå~wÜXmo (nw.)- g§nyU© kmZr
Aƒ¶oZ (A춶.)- Z§Va nd{VÎmm{Z (Znw.)- Mmby AgVm, {dÚ‘mZ AgVm.
Hw$bnwÎm (nw.)- Hw$inwÌ, Hw$idmZ, gXmMmar AZwnm{Xgogm¶- H$mhrhr {e„H$ Z R>odVm,
XñgZr¶m{Z ({d.)- Xe©Zr¶ n[a{Zã~wVmo ({d.)- nyU©nUo em§V Pmbobm
g§doOZr¶{Z ({d.)- d¡am½¶ {Z‘m©U H$aUmam, Mo{V¶ Mm[aH§$ (Znw.)- M¡Ë¶ àX{jUm, M¡Ë¶¶mÌm
ngÞ{MÎmm ({d.)- àgÞ‘ZmZo
g§doJ {Z‘m©U H$aUmam

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y y
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ñdmܶm¶

1. Imbrb àíZm§Mr EH$m dm³¶mV CËVao {bhm. 4) ..........VWmJVmo OmVmo' {V& (BY/VËW)
1) {gÕmW© Jm¡V‘ H$moR>o OÝ‘bo? 5) ¶o{h Ho${M AmZÝX! Mo{V¶Mm[aH§$
2) VWmJVmZo gå¶H$ gå~mo{Y H$moR>o àmá Ho$br ?
3) VWmJVmZo Yå‘MH«$ àdV©Z H$moR>o Ho$bo? A{hÊS>Vm ngÞ{MÎmm.......... H$[añgpÝV&
4) VWmJVmMo ‘hmn[a{Zdm©U H$moR>o Pmbo? (AH$mb§/$H$mb§)
5) lÜXmiy Hw$inwÌmgmR>r {H$Vr ñWmZ Xe©Zr¶ 6) gã~o Vo H$m¶ñg ^oXm na§ ‘aUm..........g½J§
AmhoV? bmoH$ Cnn{‚mñgpÝV&(Xþ½JqV/gwJqV)
6) gwJVrbm H$em àH$mao àmá hmoVrb?
5. ¶mo½¶ OmoS>çm bmdm. "~' JQ>
2. Imbrb dm³¶o g˶/Ag˶ AmoiIm. "A' JQ> A) Hw${gZmam
1) BY VWmJVmo OmVmo' {V& ~) gmaZmW
2) AmZÝX, gÜXñg Hw$bnwÎmñg g§doOZr¶ R>mZ§ 1) BY VWmJVmo OmVmo {V
ZpËW$& 2) BY VWmJVmo AZwÎma H$) bwpå~Zr
3) gã~o Vo H$m¶ñg ^oXm na§ ‘aUm XþJqV
Cnn[ÁOñgpÝV& gå‘mgå~mo{Y A{^gå~wÁP{V& S>) ~moYJ¶m
3) BY VWmJVmo AZwÎma
3. éno AmoiIm. B) gmdpËW
1) b^m‘ Yå‘M¸$ nd{ÎmVpÝV
2) b[^ññmm‘ 4) BY VWmJVmo AZwnm{Xgogm¶
3) JÀN>pÝV
4) H$[añgpÝV {Zã~mUYmVw¶m n[a{Zã~wÎmmo' {V
5) J{‘ñgpÝV
6. OmiaoIm{MÌ nyU© H$am.

{H$§ MÎmm[a XñgZr¶m{Z R>mZm{Z&

4. ¶mo½¶ n¶m©¶ {ZdSy>Z dm³¶o nyU© H$am. 7. XrKmo©Îmar àíZmMo CÎma {bhm.
Mma Xe©Zr¶ ñWim§Mr ‘m{hVr {bhm?
1) Vo ‘¶§ b^m‘ ‘Zmo^mdZr¶o..........XñgZm¶&
({^³Iw{Z/[^³Iw)

2) ...........Hw$bnwÎmñg XñgZr¶m{Z g§doOZr¶mZr
R>mZm{Z& (gÜXñg/AgÜXñg)

3) Vo ‘¶§..........‘Zmo^md{Z¶ {^³Iw XñgZm¶&
(b^m{‘/b^m‘)

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nn 8. dZa³IH$mo ~mo{YgÎmmo nn
w w
yàñVmdZm
y
nn¶m©daUmÀ¶m g§dY©ZmgmR>r dmKmMo ‘hÎd, "dZajH$ ~mo{YgËd' ¶m nmR>mV {deX Ho$bo
Amho. n¶m©daUmÀ¶m èhmgmbm à˶j- Aà˶j[a˶m ‘Zwî¶ H$gm O~m~Xma Amho, ho bjmV AmUyZn
nXoʶmgmo~VM Amnbm Iam {‘Ì H$moU? ho ñnï> Ho$bo Amho. dmKmÀ¶m dmT>˶m {eH$mar‘wio dmKm§À¶m
g§»¶oV KQ> Va PmbrM; na§Vw BVa newnjr d ‘mZdg‘mO ¶m§À¶m ApñVËdmbm gwÜXm YmoH$m {Z‘m©Un
Pmbm Amho. O§Jb VmoS>, O§JbmVrb A{VH«$‘U d dmKmMr {eH$ma ¶m‘wio n¶m©daUmMm g‘Vmob H$gm
{~KS>Vmo VgoM VWmJV ~wÜXmZo AmOnmgyZ 2563 dfm©nydu {Xbobm n¶m©daU g§dY©ZmMm g§Xoe AmOhr {H$Vr
g§¶w{³VH$ Amho, ho bjmV ¶oVo. n«ñVwV nmR> hm "OmVH$AÆ>H$Wm' øm J«§WmVyZ {ZdS>ʶmV Ambobm Amho.

"" dZo d dݶ OrdmMo ajU VgoM Z¡g{J©H$ n¶m©daUmMo g§ajU d g§dY©Z H$aUo.''

A{VVo dmamU{g¶§ ~«÷XÎmo a‚m§ H$maoÝVo ~mo{YgÎmmo grh춽Ko {Zñgm¶ dZgÊS>mo Agw{MHw$UnJÝYmo OmVmo,
AÄÄmVapñ‘¨ AaÄÄmm¶VZo é³IXodVm hþËdm {Zã~{Îm& Ah§ EVo nbmno‘r'' {V& ~mo{YgÎmmo ""gå‘,B‘o Ûo {Zñgm¶
Vñg {d‘mZVmo A{dXÿao AÄÄmVapñ‘¨ dZßn{VOoÆ>Ho$ AÄÄmm AåhmH§$ {d‘mZm{Z ap³I¶pÝV, EVogw nbm¶ÝVogw {d‘mZm{Z
é³IXodVm dg{V& V{ñ‘§ dZgÊS>o grhmo M 춽Kmo M Zmo {dZpñgñgpÝV, grh춽KmZ§ nX§ AnñgÝVm ‘Zwñgm
dgpÝV& Vog§ ^¶oZ H$mo{M VËW Z IoÎm§ H$amo{V, Z é³I§ gã~§ dZ§ {N>pÝXËdm EH$“U§ H$Ëdm IoÎmm{Z H$[añgpÝV,
{N>ÝX{V, {Zd{ÎmËdm AmobmoHo$V§w gåmËWmo Zm‘ ZpËW& Vo nZ ‘m Vo Ed§ ê$ƒr'' {V dËdm nw[a‘m Ûo JmWm AdmoM-
grh춽Ym ZmZßnH$mao {‘Jo d{YËdm ImXpÝV, Im{XVmdgog§
VËWod nhm¶ JÀN>pÝV& VoZ gmo dZgÊS>mo Agw{MHw$UnJÝYmo ""¶oZ {‘ÎmoZ g§g½Jm, ¶moJ³Io‘mo {d{hæ¶{V&
hmo{V& AW BVam é³IXodVm AÝY~mbm H$maUmH$maU§ nwã~odÁPm^d§ Vñg,a³Io Ap³Id npÊS>Vmo&&
AOmZ‘mZm EH${Xdg§ ~mo{YgÎm§ Amh-""gå‘, EVo Zmo
""¶oZ {‘ÎmoZ g§g½Jm, ¶moJ³Io‘mo nd–{V&
H$aoæ¶Îmg‘§ dwqÎm, gã~{H$ƒogw npÊS>Vmo'' {V&&

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Ed§ ~mo{YgÎmoZ H$maUo H${WVo{n gm ~mbXodVm ‘m dZ§ {N>pÝX {Z춽K{ÝV AåhmH§$ dgZH$dZgÊS>§
AZwnYmaoËdm EH${Xdg§ ^oadénmaå‘U§ XñgoËdm Vo BXm{Z VwåhmH§$ A^mdoZ {Z춽K§ ‘Zwñgm ‘m {N>pÝX¨gw&
grh춽Ko nbmno{g& ‘Zwñgm Vog§ nXdb‚m§ A{Xñdm 춽Km ‘mhogw {Zã~Zm{V Vwåhm{Xgm M 춽KamOmZmo
""grh춽Km AÄÄm§ dZgÊS>§ JVm'' {V ÄmËdm dZgÊS>ñg AÎmZmo dgZÆ>mZm nbm{¶Ëdm {Zã~Zm dgZÆ>mZ^wVoZ
EH$nñg§ {N>pÝX¨gw& XodVm ~mo{YgÎm§ Cng‘{‘Ëdm,""Ah§ dZoZ {da{hVm ‘m Ahogw§& Vo Ed§ Vm¶ XodVm¶ ¶m{M¶-
gå‘, Vd dMZ§ AH$Ëdm Vo nbmnoqg, BXm{Z Vog§ JV^md§ ‘mZm{n ""JÀN> Ëd§,Z ‘¶§ AmJ{‘ñgm‘m'' {V n{Q>p³I-
ÄmËdm ‘Zwñgm dZgÊS>§ {N>ÝXpÝV, qH$ Zw Imo H$mVã~'' pÝV qngw¶od& XodVm E{H$H$md dZgÊS>§ nƒmJpÀN>& ‘Zwñgm{n
dËdm ""BXm{Z Vo AgwH$dZgÊS>o Zm‘ dgpÝV JÝËdm Vo H${VnmhoZod gã~§ dZ§ {N>pÝXËdm IoÎmm{Z H$[aËdm H${g
AmZohr'' {V dwÎmm VËW JÝËdm Vog§ nwaVmo R>Ëdm AÄOqb H$呧 H$[a¨gw&
n½Jæh V{V¶§ JmW‘mh§ -
(g§X^©-OmVH$AÆ>H$Wm)
""EW 춽Km {ZdÎmÊhmo, nƒwnoW ‘hmdZ§&
‘m dZ§ {N>pÝX {Z춽K§, 춽Km ‘mhogw {Zã~Zm'' {V&

a‚m§ (Znw.)- amÁ¶ eãXmW©
AaÄÄmmVZo (Znw.)- AaʶmV
é³IXodVm (ór.)- d¥jXodVm ¶moJ³Io‘(nw.)- Amgº$snmgwZ ‘w³V
{Zã~{V (ór.)- OÝ‘ KoUo, àH$Q> hmoUo npÊS>Vmo (nw.)- n§S>rV, {dÛmZ
A{dXya ({d.)- Odi, g‘rn ^¶oZ ({d.)- {^VrZo
dg{V (dV©.{H«$.)- amhVmo AmobmoHo$Vw§ (hoËdW©H$ A.)- àH$m{eV H$aʶmH$[aVm
grhmo (nw.)- {g§h {N>pÝXËdm (nyd©.{H«$.)- H$mnyZ
IoV§ (Znw§.)- joÌ, eoV, O‘rZ H$[aËdm (nyd©.{H«$.)- H$ê$Z
{N>ÝX{V(dV©.{H«$.)- H$mnVmo H${WVo ({H«$.)- gm§JUo, H$WZ H$aUo
nbmno{g(^yV.{H«$.)- {nQ>miyZ bmdbo nd–{V (dV©.[H«$)- àm¡T> hmoVmo, dmT>Vmo
d{YËdm (nyd©.{H«$.)- dY H$ê$Z

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y y
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ñdmܶm¶

1. Imbrb àíZm§Mr EH$m dm³¶mV CËVao {bhm. 4. g‘mg gmoS>dm.
1) àmMrZ H$mir dmamUgr‘ܶo H$moUVm amOm amÁ¶ 1) é³IXodVm
H$arV hmoVm? 2) grh춽Kmo
2) ˶m dZm‘ܶo H$moU H$moUVo àmUr amhV hmoVo? 3) ‘hmdZ§
3) qgh d dmK H$moU˶m àmʶmMr {eH$ma H$arV
hmoVo? 5. g§Yr {dJ«h H$am.
4) dZ Xþ½mªYr¶wº$ H$emZo hmoV hmoVo? 1) ZpËW
5) àmʶmÀ¶m nmdbm§Mo R>go Z {Xgë¶mZo bmoH$m§Zm 2) ‘Zwñgm{n
H$m¶ dmQ>bo? 3) JmW‘mh§
6) àmUr Xþgè¶m dZmV Joë¶mZo bmoH$m§Zr H$m¶ Ho$bo? 4) VËWod
7) ~mo{YgËdmZo d¥jXodVobm H$m¶ gm§{JVbo?
8) d¥jXodVoZo àmʶm§Zm H$moUVr {dZ§Vr Ho$br? 6. ¶mo½¶ OmoS>çm Owidm.

2. Imbrb dm³¶o g˶/Ag˶ AmoiIm. "A' JQ> "~' JQ>
1) Vog§ ^¶oZ H$mo{M VËW Z IoV§ H$amo{V&
2) Vo nZ {gh춽Km ZmZßnH$mao {‘Jo d{YËdm Z 1) dmamU{g¶§ A) é³IXdo Vm hËþ dm {Zã~{V&
ImXpÝV&
3) ¶oZ Z {‘ÎmoZ g§g½Jm ¶moJ³Io‘mo {d{hæ¶{V& 2) ~mo{YgÎmmo ~) V{V¶§ JmW‘mh§&
4) dZgÊS>ñg EH$nñg§ Z {N>pÝX¨gw&
5) ""‘m dZ§ {N>pÝX {Z춽K§, 춽Km ‘mhogw {Zã~Zmo'' 3) JÀN> Ëd§ H$) ~«÷XÎmo a‚m§ H$maoÝVo&
{V&
6) XodVm E{H$H$md dZgÊS>§ nƒmJpÀN>& S>) Z ‘¶§ AmJ{‘ñgm‘m {V&

7. OmiaoIm{MÌ nyU© H$am.

qH$ V¶mo ngw?

3. éno AmoiIm. 8. XrKm}Îmar àíZmMo CÎma {bhm.
1) dmamU{g¶§ "dZa³IH$mo ~m{o YgÎmm'o ¶m nmR>mMm gmame§ d ~mYo {bhm.
2) dgpÝV
3) {Zd{VËdm
4) {dZpñggpÝV
5) JÀN>{V
6) {N>pÝX¨gw

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nn nÁOmo IÝYH$mo nn
1) {gJmbgwÎm
w w
yàñVmdZm
y
nVWmJV EH$Xm nhmQ>o amO{Jar‘ܶo {nÊS>nmVmgmR>r OmV AgVmZm ˶m§Zm {gJmb J¥hnVr ZXrVrb nmʶmV
C^m amhÿZ Amoë¶m H$nS>çmZo ghm{Xem§Zm hmV OmoSy>Z d§XZ H$aVmZm {XgVmo. ˶mbm "H$m¶ H$aVmog'? Ago {dMmabon
nAgVm {gJmb J¥hñW gm§JVmo, H$s d{S>bm§Zr ‘aVog‘¶r ghm {Xem§Mr nyOm H$am¶bm gm§[JVbr Amho, VoM H$aVmo¶.
n
˶mda ~wÕ Ë¶mbm ˶mÀ¶m d{S>bm§À¶m eãXm§Mo AW© g‘OmdyZ gm§JVmZm ghm {Xem H$moU˶m Am{U ˶m§Mr
nyOm H$er H$am¶Mr ho ñnï> H$aVmV. hþema, gXmMmar, CÚmoJr Am{U AmXe© {‘Ì AgUmam 춳Vr ¶eñdr hmoVmo,
ho ñnï> H$aVm§Zm g§J«hmMo Mma Yå‘gwÜXm ñnîQ> H$aVmV.

"" nmbH$mZo nmë¶mMo ¶mo½¶ nmbZ nmofU d e¡j{UH$ g§ñH$mamMr g§Yr CnbãY H$ê$Z XoUo.''

""‘mVm{nVm {Xgm nwã~m,AmM[a¶m Xp³IUm {Xgm&
nwÎmXmam {Xgm nÀN>m, {‘Îmm‘ƒm d CÎmam''&&1&&
""XmgH$å‘H$am hoÆ>m, CÜX§ g‘U~m÷Um&
EVm {Xgm Z‘ñgoæ¶, Ab‘Îmmo Hw$bo {Jhr''&&2&&
""npÊS>Vmo grbgånÞmo, gÊhmo M n{Q>^mZdm&
{ZdmVdw{Îm AËWÕmo, Vm{Xgmo b^Vo ¶g§''&&3&&

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""CÆ>mZH$mo AZbgmo, AmnXmgw Z doY{V&
ApÀN>Þdw{Îm ‘oYmdr, Vm{Xgmo b^Vo ¶g§''&&4&&

""g“mhH$mo {‘ÎmH$amo, dXÄÄmy drV‘ÀN>amo&
ZoVm {dZoVm AZwZoVm, Vm{Xgmo b^Vo ¶g§''&&5&&

""XmZÄM noæ¶d‚mÄM, AËWM[a¶m M ¶m BY&
g‘mZÎmVm M Yå‘ogw, VËW VËW ¶Wmah§''&&6&&

""EVo Imo g“mh bmoHo$, aWñgmUrd ¶m¶Vmo&
EVo M g“mh Zmñgw, Z ‘mVm&
b^oW ‘mZ§ nyO§ dm, {nVm dm nwÎmH$maUm''&&7&&

""¶ñ‘m M g“mh EVo, gå‘no³IpÝV npÊS>Vm&
Vñ‘m ‘hÎm§ nßnmopÝV, nmg§gm M ^dpÝV Vo'' {V&&8&&

(g§X^©-XrK{ZH$m¶mo nm{WH$d½Jnm{b)

eãXmW©

Z‘ñgoæ¶ - Z‘ñH$ma ApÀN>Þdw{Îm ({d.)- {Z^©¶ñd^md
Ab‘Îmmo- nwaoer ‘mÌ/ à‘mU g“mhH$mo ({d.)- g§J«h H$aUmam
gÊhmo- ñZoh aWñgmUrd (nw.)- aWdmhH$
[ZdmVdw{Îm ({d.)- {dZ‘«, A{V brZ ¶m¶Vmo (ór.)- Or H$moUr, OoWyZ
AËWÕmo ({d.)- AW© g‘OUmam, OmUUmam gå‘no³IpÝV (dV©.{H«$.)- VnmgVmV
AZbgmo ({d.)- Amiga{hV nßnmopÝV (dV©.{H«$.) - {åmiVmV, nmohmoMVmV
AmnXmgw (Znw§.)- AmnÎmr, g§H$Q> nmg§gm (Znw§.)- ñVwVr, àe§gm

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ñdmܶm¶

1. Imbrb àíZm§Mr EH$m dm³¶mV CËVao {bhm. 4) H$moUmg ¶e bm^Vo?
1) nyd© Am{U CÎma {Xem H$moUmgmRr gy{MV Ho$br 5) ‘oYmdr ‘mUgmg H$em‘wio ¶e bm^Vo?
Amho? 6) Mma g“mh H$moUVo?
2) ~m¶H$mo‘wbo Am{U ZmoH$aMmH$a åhUOo H$moUVr 7) g‘mOmV g“mh Zm¶H$ Zgë¶mg H$m¶ hmoB©b?
{Xem? 8) AmB© d{S>bm§Zm gÝ‘mZ H$em‘wio AgVmo?
3) g‘U ~m÷U Am{U AmM[a¶ åhUOo H$moUVr 9) hþema 춳VrMr àe§gm H$er hmoVo?
{Xem?
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2. OmoS>çm Owidm. "~' JQ> 6. OmiaoIm{MÌ nyU© H$am.
"A' JQ> A) AËWÕmo 1) nwã~m
1) npÊS>Vmo
2) {ZdmVdwÎmr ~) AZmbgmo ‘mVm{nVm Xp³IUm
3) CÆ>mZH$mo g‘U~«m÷Um AmM[a¶m
4) ApÀN>Þdw{Îm H$) grbgånÞmo N {Xgm
Xmg H å‘H mam
3. g‘mg gmoS>dm. S>) ‘oYmdr nwÎmXmam
1) ‘mVm{nVm B) Yå‘ogw
2) nwÎmXmam
3) {‘Îmm‘ƒm {‘Îmm‘ƒm
4) XmgH$å‘H$am
5) g‘U~«m÷Um 2)

4. ê$no AmoiIm. g“hm Yå‘m&
1) doY{V
2) nßnmopÝV
3) ^dpÝV
4) no³IpÝV

5. [aH$må¶m OmJm ^am. 7. XrKm}Îmar àíZm§Mr CÎmao {bhm.
1) ‘mVm{nVm {Xgm,......AmM[a¶m Xp³IUm {Xgm&
(nÀN>m/nwã~m) 1) {gJmbgwÎmmÀ¶m AmYmao ghm{Xem§Mr nyOm åhUOo
H$m¶ Vo ñnï> H$am.
2) XmZÄM, no¶d‚m#m AËWM[a¶m M ¶m......&
(BY/EËW) 2) g“mh åhUOo H$m¶? Vo ñnï> H$ê$Z g§J«hm‘wio
g‘mOm‘ܶo àe§gm H$er hmoVo Vo gm§Jm.
3) ""CÆ>mZH$mo......, AmnXmgw Z doY{V&

(AZbgmo/ Abgmo)

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nn 2) grbm{Zg§gm nn
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àñVmdZm y
y
{V{nQ>H$mVrb AZoH$ J«§Wmda {dñV¥V nm{b Q>rH$m {b{hUmam Q>rH$mH$ma åhUOo AÆ>H$WmH$ma åhUyZ AmMm¶©n
~wÕKmof à{gÜX AmhoV. ˶m§Zr ~m¡Õ VËdkmZm{df¶r "{dgw{Õ‘½J' ZmdmMm EH$ CËH¥$ï> ñdV§Ì J«§Whr {b{hbm Amho.n
˶m‘YyZ àñVwV CVmam KoVbm Amho. erbJ§Y åhUOo gXmMaUmMm gwJ§Y H$gm AgVmo, ¶mMo dU©Z ¶m JmWm§‘ܶon
Ho$bo Amho. VgoM Hw$R>ë¶mhr ZXrÀ¶m nmʶmnojm ‘mUgmbm n{dÌ H$aʶmMo gm‘϶© erbê$nr nmʶmV H$go AgVo,n
erb Aݶ gd© Ab§H$mam§Zm ‘mJo gmê$Z ‘mUgmMr emo^m H$er dmT>{dVo, AemàH$mao erbmMr àe§gm ¶m‘ܶo Amho.

"" gd© bmoH$mV gm‘§Oñ¶ d ~§Yw^md dmT>rbm bmdyZ ˶m§Zm erb, gXmMma d {ZVr‘yë¶mMr OmUrd H$ê$Z XoUo''

gmgZo Hw$bnwÎmmZ§, n{VÆ>m ZpËW ¶§ {dZm&
Am{Zg§g§ n[aÀN>oX, Vñg grbñg H$mo dXo&&1&&

Z J“m ¶‘wZm Mm{n, ga¶w dm gañg{V&
{ZÞJm dm A{MadVr, ‘hr dm {n ‘hmZXr&&2&&

g¸w$UpÝV {dgmoYoVw§, V§ ‘b§ BY nm{UZ§&
{dgmoY¶{V gÎmmZ§, ¶§ do grbOb§ ‘b§&&3&&

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Z V§ gObXm dmVm, Z Mm {n h[aMÝXZ§&
Zod hmam Z ‘U¶mo, Z MÝX{H$aU‘þam&&4&&

g‘¶ÝVrY gÎmmZ§, n[aimh§ gwap³IV§&
¶§ g‘o{V BX§ A[a¶§ grb§, AƒÝVgrVb§&&5&&

grbJÝYg‘mo JÝYmo, Hw$Vmo Zm‘ ^{dñg{V&
¶mo g‘§ AZwdmVo M, n{Q>dmVo M dm¶{V&&6&&

g½JmamohUgmonmZ§, AÄÄm§ grbg‘§ Hw$Vmo&
ìXma§ dm nZ {Zã~mZZJañg ndogZo&&7&&

gmo^ÝVod Z amOmZmo, ‘wÎmm‘{U{d^y{gVm&
¶Wm gmo^pÝV ¶{VZmo, grb^ygZ ^w{gVm&&8&&

AÎmmZwdmXm{X^¶§ {dÜX§g¶{V gã~gmo&
OZo{V {H${Îmhmg§ M, grb§ grbdV§ gXm&&9&&

JwUmZ§ ‘yb^yVñg, XmogmZ§ ~bKm{VZmo&
B{V grbñg {dÄÄmo涧, Ämm{Vg§gH$Wm‘wI§ {V&&10&&

(g§X^©-{dgw{Õ‘½J)

eãXmW©

grbm{Zg§gm (ór.) - gXmMaUmMr ñVwVr, AmZ§X n[aimh§ (Znw§.)- Xmh
gmgZ (Znw.)- emgZ, {eH$dU, {gÜXm§V
n{VÆ>m (ór.)- ñW¡¶©, à{Vð>m AZwdmVo ({d.)- dmè¶mÀ¶m {XeoZo
n[aÀN>oX (nw.)- ‘¶m©Xm
{ZÞJ (ór.)- ZXr(dê$Z Imbr dmhUmar) n{Q>dmV ({d.) - dmè¶mÀ¶m {déÜX {XeoZo
>grbOb§ (Znw.)- gXJwUê$nr nmUr
MÝX{H$aU‘xam (nw.)- M§ÐmMo H$modio {H$aU g½JmamohUgmonmZ§ ({d.) - gÝ‘mJm©Zo OmʶmMr nm¶ar
‘b§ (Znw§.)- ‘i ‘wÎmm‘{U{d^y{gVm ({d.)- ‘moVr d aËZo ¶m§Zr Ab§H¥$V
Z g‘¶pÝV (dV©.{H«$.)- em§V H$arV ZmhrV. AÎmmZwdmXm{X^¶§ (Znw.) - Xþgao Amnbr qZXm
H$aVrb ¶m {^VrZo.
{H${Îmhmg§ ({d)- H$sVu Am{U hmñ¶, AmZ§X
‘yb^yV (Znw§)- CJ‘ñWmZ
~bKm{VZmo (nw,)- ~i Zï> H$aUmao

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y y
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ñdmܶm¶

1. Imbrb àíZm§Mr EH$m dm³¶mV CËVao {bhm. 4. g§Yr H$am.
1) Hw$bnwÌmMr H$em‘wio à{Vð>m ZgVo? 1) gmo^ÝV+Ed
2) J§Jm, ¶‘wZm d BVa ZÚm§Mo nmUr H$moU˶m 2) MÝX{H$aU+ A‘xa
‘imbm ñdÀN> H$ê$ eH$V Zmhr? 3) gÎm + AÎmmZ§
3) gdmªV erVb H$moUVo Ob Amho? 4) Z + Ed
4) erbmMm gwJ§Y H$moU˶m {XeoZo dmhVmo? 5) grb+Am{Zg§gm
5) {Zdm©Uénr ZJamV àdoe H$aʶmgmR>r H$moU˶m
àdoeÛmamgmaIo Ûma Zmhr? 5. OmiaoIm{MÌ nyU© H$am.
6) {^³Iy H$em‘wio emo^yZ {XgVmo?
Z{X¶m Zm‘ qH$ A[ËW?
2. Imbrb dm³¶o g˶/Ag˶ AmoiIm.
1) grbJÝYg‘mo JÝYmo Hw$Vmo Zm‘ ^{dñg{V& 6. ¶mo½¶ OmoS>çm bmdm. "~' JQ>
2) gmgZo Hw$bnwÎmmZ§, n{VÆ>m ¶§ {dZm& "A' JQ> A) ‘wÎmm‘{U{d^y{gVm&
3) g½JmamohUgmonmZ§, AÄÄm§ grbg‘§ Hw$Vmo& ~) Hw$Vmo Zm‘ ^{dñg{V&
4) ¶Wm Z gmo^{V¶{VZmo grb^ygZ^y{gVm& 1) grbJÝYmog‘mo JÝYmo H$) AÄÄm§ grbg‘§ Hw$Vmo&
S>) grb^ygZ ^w[gVm&
3. Imbrb àíZm§Mr gyMZoZwgma H¥$Vr H$ê$Z CÎmao 2) g½JmamohUgmonmZ§
{bhm.
1) Vñg.........H$mo dXo& (grbñg/grb§) 3) gmo^ÝVod Z amOmZmo
(¶mo½¶ n¶m©¶ {ZdSy>Z dm³¶ nyU© {ZdS>m)
2) g½JmamohU........ AÄÄm§ grbg‘§ Hw$Vmo& 7. XrKm}Îmar àíZm§Mr CÎmao {bhm.
(gmno mZ/§ Ûma)(¶m½o ¶ n¶m¶© {ZdS>yZ dm³¶ nUy © H$am.) 1) gXmMmamMm gwJ§Y H$gm AgVmo ˶mMo dU©Z H$am.
3) grbJÝY (‘mܶ‘ ^mfoV AW© {bhm.) 2) gd© Ab§H$mam‘ܶo erbmMm Ab§H$ma H$gm loð>
4) ZpËW (g§Yr-{dJ«h H$am.> Amho? Vo ñnï> H$am.

w w
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nn 3) dgbgwÎm nn
w w
àñVmdZm y
y
dgbgwÎm ho gwÎm{ZnmVmVrb ‘hÎdmMo gwÎm Amho. ¶m‘ܶo dgb Hw$Umg åhUmdo ¶m{df¶r gm§{JVbobo Amho.n
EH$Xm VWmJV ~wÕ lmdñVr‘Yrb AZmW{n§{S>H$mÀ¶m OoVdZ Amam‘m‘ܶo {dhma H$arV hmoVo. gH$miÀ¶m doir Von
{^jmQ>Z H$arV AgVm§Zm lmdñVr ZJarV amhUmè¶m Ap½JH$ ^maÛmOmÀ¶m KamOdi OmD$Z C^o am{hbo. Ap½JH$n
^maÛmOmZo VWmJVm§Zm Xþê$ZM ¶oVm§Zm nmhÿZ {VañH¥$V ZOaoZo åhQ>bo, ho ‘wÊS>H$m! ho l‘U! ho dgb! {VWoM Wm§~,n
nwT>o ¶oD$ ZH$mo. Voìhm VWmJV ˶mbm em§VnUo åhUmbo, ho ~«m÷U! dgb Hw$Umbm åhUmdo? qH$dm ‘mUwg H$em‘wio
dgb g‘Obm OmVmo, ho Vy OmUVmog H$m¶? Ap½JH$ ^maÛmO ~«m÷UmZo Z‘«nUo AkmZ ‘mݶ H$ê$Z VWmJVm§Zm ˶m
g§~§Yr CnXoe H$aʶmMr {dZ§Vr Ho$br. Voìhm VWmJVm§Zr Amnë¶m d¡{eîQ>çnyU© e¡br‘ܶo dgb Hw$Umg åhUmdo?
¶m{df¶r ˶m Ap½JH ^maÛmO ~«m÷Umbm CnXoe {Xbm.
"" ‘mUgm-‘mUgm§V H$moU˶mhr àH$maMm ^oX Z H$aVm bmoH$m§À¶m H$ë¶mUmgmR>r g‘mOì¶dñWoMr {Z{‘©Vr H$aUo.''

H$moYZmo CnZmhr M, nmn‘³Ir M ¶mo Zamo&
{dnÞ{XÆ>r ‘m¶mdr, V§ OÄÄmm dgbmo B{V&&1&&

Jm‘o dm ¶{X dm, aÄÄmo ¶§ naog§ ‘‘m{¶V§&
Woæ¶m A{XÞ§ Am{X¶{V, V§ OÄÄmm dgbmo B{V&&2&&

¶mo hdo BU‘mXm¶, Mw‚m‘mZmo nbm¶{V&
Z hr Vo BU‘ËWr'{V, V§ OÄÄmm dgbmo B{V&&3&&

JJJJJJJJJJJJ 33 JJJJJJJJJJJJ

¶mo AÎmhoVw nahoVy, YZhoVy M ¶mo Zamo &
gp³InwÆ>mo ‘wgm ~w{V, V§ OÄÄmm dgbmo B{V&&4&&

¶mo ‘mVa§ dm {nVa§ dm, {OÊUH§$ JV¶moã~Z§&
nhw gÝVmo Z ^a{V, V§ OÄÄmm dgbmo B{V&&5&&

¶mo AËW§ nwpÀN>Vmo, gÝVmo AZËW‘Zwgmg{V &
n{Q>ÀN>ÞoZ§ ‘ÝVmo{V V§, OÄÄmm dgbmo B{V&&6&&

¶mo do naHw$b§ JÝËdm, ^wËdmZ gw{M^moOZ§ &
AmJV§ Z n{Q>nyOo{V, V§ OÄÄmm dgbmo B{V&&7&&

¶mo ~m÷U§ dm g‘U§ dm, AÄÄm§ dm{n d{Zã~H§$&
‘wgmdmXoZ d#mo{V, V§ OÄÄmm dgbmo B{V&&8&&

¶mo ~m÷U§ dm g‘U§ dm, ^ÎmH$mbo Cn{Æ>Vo &
amogo{V dmMm Z M Xo{V, V§ OÄÄmm dgbmo B{V&&9&&

Z Oƒm dgbmo hmo{V, Z Oƒm hmo{V ~m÷Umo&
H$å‘wZm dgbmo hmo{V, H$å‘wZm hmo{V ~m÷Umo&&10&&

(g§X^©- gwÎm{ZnmV)

eãXmW©

dgbmo (nw)- ZrM gmp³InwÆ>mo ({d.)- gmj H$mT>bobm

H$moYZmo ({d.)- amJrQ>, H«$moYr {OÊUH§$ ({d.) - åhmVmam

CnZmhr ({d.)- d¡ar JV¶moã~Z§ ({d.)- Á¶mMo ¶m¡dZ, Vméʶ Zï> Pmbo Amho

nmn‘³Ir ({d.)- nmnmV ~wS>mbobm Agm åhmVmam

{dnÞ{XÆ>r ({d.)- Á¶mMm Ñ{ï>H$moZ qH$dm nhþ ({d.)- VmH$XdmZ, g‘W©

‘V MwH$sMo Amho Agm d{Zã~H§$ (nw.)- {^H$mar

‘‘m{¶V§ (Znw.)- ‘mPo, ‘mPo(H$aVmo) Oƒm (ór.)- OÝ‘mZo

BU (Znw.)- F$U, H$O©

jjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjj

ñdmܶm¶

1. Imbrb àíZm§Mr EH$m dm³¶mV CËVao {bhm. 4) ñd…VmÀ¶m {hVmgmR>r ImoQ>r gmj H$moU XoVmo?
1) dgbgwÎmmV VWmJVm§Zr Hw$Umbm CnXoe {Xbm 5) dgb 춳Vr g‘W© AgwZhr H$moUmMo nmbUnmofU
Amho?
2) dgb 춳Vr Xþgè¶m§À¶m g§nÎmrMo H$m¶ H$aVmo? H$arV Zmhr?
3) dgb 춳Vrbm {Xbobo H$O© ‘mJrVë¶mda H$m¶ 6) dgb 춳Vr Xþgè¶m§À¶m Kar OmD$Z H$m¶
åhUyZ nbm¶Z H$aVmo?
H$aVmo?
7) OÝ‘mZo H$moU hmoV Zmhr?

w w
y y
JJJJJJJJJJJJ 34 JJJJJJJJJJJJ

8) Xþgam 춺$s Amnë¶m Kar Amë¶mda dgb H$m¶ 6. Imbrb nm{b eãXm§Mm dm³¶mV Cn¶moJ H$am.
H$arV Zmhr? 1) Z
2) M
9) H$‘m©Zo H$moU hmoVo? 3) ¶mo
4) dm
2. Imbrb dm³¶o g˶/Ag˶ AmoiIm. 5) V§
1) A¸$moYZmo AnZm{h M nmn‘³IrM ¶mo Zamo& 6) AmJV§
2) ¶mo hdo BU‘mXm¶ Mw‚m‘mZmo nbm¶{V&
3) ¶mo AËW§ nwpÀN>ÝVmo gÝVmo AZËW‘Zwgmg{V& 7. ¶mo½¶ OmoS>çm bmdm.
4) ‘wgmdmXoZ d#mo{V V§ OÄÄmm dgbmo B{V&
5) amogo{V dmMm Z M XmopÝV,V§ OÄÄmm dgbmo B{V& "A' JQ> "~' JQ>

3. Imbrb àíZm§Mr gyMZoZwgma H¥$Vr H$éZ CÎmao {bhm. 1) Z Oƒm dgbmo hmo{V A)H$å‘wZm hmo{V ~m÷Umo&
1) {dnÞ{X{Æ>................ V§ OÄÄmm dgbmo B{V&
(A‘m¶mdr/‘m¶mdr) (¶mo½¶ n¶m¶© {ZdSy>Z dm³¶ 2) H$å‘wZm dgbmo hmo{V ~) Z Oƒm hmo{V ~m÷Umo&
nyU© H$am.)
2) ¶mo.............. nwpÀN>Vmo gÝVmo AZËW‘Ýmwgm{gV& 3) ¶mo ~m÷U§ dm g‘U§ H$) ‘wgmdmXoZ d#mo{V&
(AZËW§/AËW) (¶mo½¶ n¶m¶© {ZdSy>Z dm³¶ nyU©
H$am.) dm d{Zã~H§$ S>) amogo{V dmMm Z M Xo{V&
3) ¶mo ~m÷U§ dm g‘U§ dm................ Cn{Ç>Vo&
(‘ÎmH$mbo/^ÎmH$mbo) (¶mo½¶ n¶m¶© {ZdSy>Z dm³¶ 8. OmiaoIm{MÌ nyU© H$am.
nyU© H$am.)
4) {OÊUH§$ (‘mܶ‘ ^mfoV AW© {bhm) {dnÞ{XÆ>r ‘m¶mdr
5) gw{M^moOZ§ (‘mܶ‘ ^mfoV AW© {bhm)
6) {dnÞ{XÆr> (‘mܶ‘ ^mfoV AW© {bhm) dgbmo H$mo
7) ~m÷U§ g‘U§ (g‘mg AmoiIm) hmopÝV ?
8) ‘mVa§ {nVa§ (g‘mg AmoiIm)
‘wgmdmXoZ d#mo{V
4. g§Yr AmoiIm.
1) AZËW§ + AZwgmg{V 9. XrKm}Îmar àíZmMo CÎma {bhm.
2) BU + AmXm¶ dgb ({ZM) Hw$Umbm åhUmdo? ¶m {df¶rMm VWmJV
3) EVX + AdmoM
4) Z + A[ËW ~wÕmMm CnXoe Vw‘À¶m eãXm§V {bhm.
5) dgbmo + B{V

5. Imbrb eãXm§Mo ê$no AmoiIm.
1) nbm¶{V
2) ^wËdmZ
3) amogo{V
4) BU‘mXm¶
5) ^a{V

w w
y y
JJJJJJJJJJJJ 35 JJJJJJJJJJJJ

nn 4) gwZrV Woamo nn
w w
àñVmdZm y
gwZrV hm amOJ¥hmVrb Jar~ Hw$imV OÝ‘mbm Ambm hmoVm. gm’$g’$mB©Mo Am{U PmSy>dmë¶mMo H$m‘ H$ê$Z Vmoy
n
Amnbr CnOr{dH$m H$arV hmoVm. ghm{OH$M bmoH$m§H$Sy>Z ˶mbm gVV An‘mZ Am{U CnojoMmM AZw^d ¶oV hmoVm.n
nU VWmJV ~wÕmÀ¶m g§KmV àdoe Ho$ë¶mda hrZ OmVrMm hm ˶mÀ¶mdaMm {e¸$m AmnmoAmn Zï> Pmbm. Vmo {^³Iwn
hmoD$Z kmZmÀ¶m Am{U ܶmZmÀ¶m ‘mJm©bm bmJbm. nwT>rb JmWm‘ܶo Vmo Amnbo nydm©¶wî¶ H$go hmoVo ho gm§JyZ g˶n
H$go OmUbo ˶mMo Vmo H$WZ H$arV Amho.

"" ‘mUgmZo ‘mUgmer ‘mUgmà‘mUo dmJyZ gdmªZm OJʶmMr g‘mZ g§Yr CnbãY H$ê$ XoUo.''

ZrMo Hw$bpåh OmVmo'h§, X{bÔmo Aßn^moOZmo&
hrZ H$呧 ‘‘§ Am{g, Ahmoqg nwß’$N>È>H$mo&&1&&

{OJwpÀN>Vmo ‘ZwñgmZ§, n[a^yVmo M d{å^Vmo&
ZrM§ ‘Z§ $H$[aËdmZ, dpÝXñg ~hwH§$ OZ§&&2&&

AW'Ôgmqg gå~wÕ§, {^³Iwg”nwa³IV§&
n{dgÝV§ ‘hmdra§, ‘JYmZ§ nwéÎm‘§&&3&&

{Zp³I{nËdmZ ì¶m^[“, dpÝXVw§ Cng‘{‘&
‘‘od AZwH$ånm¶, AÆ>m{g nw[agwÎm‘mo&&4&&

dpÝXËdm gËWwZmo nmXo, EH$‘ÝV§ {R>Vmo VXm&
nã~‚m§'h§ Am¶mqM, gã~gÎmmZ‘wÎm‘§&&5&&

JJJJJJJJJJJJ 36 JJJJJJJJJJJJ

VVmo H$mé{UH$mo gËWm, gã~bmoH$mZwH$ånH$mo&
"E{h {^³Iw'{V ‘§ Amh, gm ‘o AmgwngånXm&&6&&

gmoh‘oH$mo AaÄÄmpñ‘¨, {dhaÝVmo AVpÝXVmo&
AH$mqg gËWwdMZ§, ¶Wm ‘§ AmodXr {OZmo&&7&&

a{Îm¶m nw[a‘o ¶m‘o, nwã~Om{V‘Zwñg[a¨&

a{Îm¶m ‘pÁP‘o ¶m‘o, {Xã~M³Iw§ {dgmoYq¶&&
a{Îm¶m npÀN>‘o ¶m‘o, V‘mo³IÝY nXmbq¶&&8&&

VVmo a˶m {ddgZo, gw[a¶ñgw½J‘Z§ n{V&
BÝXmo ~«÷m M AmJÝËdm, ‘§ Z‘pñg¨gw nÄÁmqb&&9&&

Z‘mo ‘o nw[agmOÄÄm, Z‘mo Vo nw[agwÎm‘&
¶ñg Vo Amgdm IrUm, Xp³IUo¶mo'{g ‘m[ag&&10&&

VVmo {XñdmZ ‘§ gËWm, Xodg”nwa³IV§&
{gV§ nmVwH$[aËdmZ, B‘‘ËW‘^mgW&&11&&

VnoZ ~÷M[a¶oZ, g§¶‘oZ X‘oZ M&
EVoZ ~m÷Umo hmo{V, EV§ ~m÷U‘wÎm‘§ {V&&12&&

(g§X^©-WoaJmWm)

eãXmW©

ZrM ({d.)- {ZH¥$ï>, hbH$m nÄÁmqb ({H«$.)- hmV OmoS>bo
Hw$b (Znw.)- OmV Xp³IUoæ¶mo ({H«$.{d.)- XmZ Xoʶm¶mo½¶
Om{V (ór.)- OÝ‘ $nwß’$N>“H$mo ({d.)- ’w$bm§Mm H$Mam
hrZ ({d.)- ZrM EH$‘ÝV§({H«$.)- EH$m ~mOybm
H$å‘ (Znw.)- H$m‘, H$m¶© {R>V (^y.{H«$.)- C^m am{hbobm
{Xg (Znw.)- nmhUo VVmo (Aì¶.)- Z§Va
IrU (H¥$XÝV.)- jrU AaÄÄm (Znw)- O§Jb, dZ
Aßn^moOZ§- Aën^moOZ AmodXZ§(Znw§)- CnXoe XoUo
Xih§ ({H«$.{d.)- ÑT>Vmnyd©H$ {OZ ({d)- ~wÕ, {dO¶r
{OJwÀN>m (ór.)- K¥Um ¶m‘ (nw.)- àha
n[a^yV (H¥$XÝV.) - qZXm¶mo½¶ {dgmo{YV ($H¥$.)- ewÕ Ho$bo.
nwa³IV§ (A.)- g‘moa dpå^Vmo ({d.)- K¥UrV
nwéÎm‘ (Znw§.)- CÎm‘ZJa {^³Iwg” ({d.)- [^³Iw g§K
ì¶m^{“ - PmSy>, Ho$agwUr {Zp³I{nËdmZ (nyd©.{H«$.)- ~mOybm R>odyZ
AZwH$ånm- ghmZw^yVr CngånXm (ór.)- ~m¡Õ {^³Iyg§KmH$Sy>Z {Xbr OmUmar
gËWw (nw.)- emñVm, ~wÕ
{^³IyXrjm, Cng§nXm

w w
y y
JJJJJJJJJJJJ 37 JJJJJJJJJJJJ

AVpÝXVmo ({d.)- {H«$¶merb {ddgZ§ (Znw.)- COmS>ë¶mda
AZwñg[a¨ (^yV.{H«$.)- ñ‘aU Ho$bo {gV§ (Zwn§.)- pñ‘V hmñ¶
nXmbq¶ (^yV.{H«$.)- Zme Ho$bm

jjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjj

ñdmܶm¶

1. Imbrb àíZm§Mr EH$m dm³¶mV CËVao {bhm. 5. ¶mo½¶ OmoS>çm Owidm.
1) gwZrVMm Oݑ H$moU˶m Hw$imV Pmbm?
2) gwZrV H$moUmbm d§XZ H$arV Ago? "A' JQ> "~' JQ>
3) {^³Iwg§KmÀ¶m g‘moa gwZrVZo H$moUmbm nm[hbo?
4) emñ˶mbm d§XZ H$ê$Z gwZrV H$moR>o C^m am{hbm? 1) n{dgÝV§ ‘hmdra§ A) dpÝXñg ~hþH§$ OZ§&
5) gwZrVMr Cng§nXm H$er Pmbr?
6) gwZrVZo amÌrÀ¶m eodQ>À¶m àhar H$m¶ Ho$bo? 2) a{Îm¶m ‘pÁP‘o ¶m‘o ~) {Xã~M³Iw§ {dgmoYq¶&
7) ~«m÷U H$moUmbm åhUmdo?
3) ZrMo Hw$bpåh OmVmo'h§ H$) X{bÔmo Aßn^moOZmo&
2. Imbrb dm³¶o g˶/Ag˶ AmoiIm.
1) ZrM§ ‘Z H$[aËdmZ dpÝXñg EH$mo OZ§& S>) ‘JYmZ§ nwéÎm‘§&
2) ‘‘od Z AZwH$ånm¶ AÆ>m{g nw[agwÎm‘mo&
3) gmo' h‘oH$mo Amam‘o {dhaÝVmo AVpÝXVmo& 6. OmiaoIm{MÌ nyU© H$am.
4) a{Îm¶m ‘pÁP‘o ¶m‘o {Xã~M³Iw {dgmoYq¶&
5) ~wÕmo ~«÷m M AmJÝËdm ‘§ Z‘pñg¨gw nÄO{b§& 1) a{Îm¶m {H$ÎmH§$ ¶m‘ A{ËW?

2)
~m÷Umo H$mo hmo{V

3. gwMZoZwgma H¥$Vr H$ê$Z CÎmao {bhm. 3)
1) {OJpÀN>Vmo................n[a^yVmo M dpå^Vmo
(‘ZwñgmZ§/‘Zwñgm) (¶mo½¶ n¶m©¶ {ZdS>m) H${dVoVrb
2) dpÝXËdm gËWwZmo ................EH$‘ÝV {R>Vmo nyd©H$mbdmMH$
VXm& (hËWo/nmXo) (¶mo½¶ n¶m©¶ {ZdS>m) A춶 {bhm
3) AWmÔgm{g (g§Yr {dJ«h H$am)
4) nw[agwÎm‘mo (g§Yr {dJ«h H$am) 7. XrKm}Îmar àíZmMo CÎma {bhm.
5) X{bÔmo. (‘mܶ‘ ^mfoV AW© {bhm) gwZrV WoamoMo OrdZ M[aÌ WmoS>³¶mV {bhm.

4. g§Yr H$am.
1) OmVmo + Ah§
2) nã~ÁO§ + Ah§
3) Amg + CngånXm
4) EH§$+AÝV

w w
y y
JJJJJJJJJJJJ 38 JJJJJJJJJJJJ

nn nn
w 5) ééamOM[a¶§ w
y
àñVmdZm y
n
nm{b {V{nQ>H$mV IwÔH${ZH$m¶mVrb M[a¶m{nQ>H$ ZmdmMm EH$ bhmZgm na§Vw ‘hÎdnyU© J§«W Amho. VWmJVn
n~wÕmÀ¶m nyd©OrdZmVrb {Za{Zamù¶m H$Wm ¶m‘ܶo JmWm~Õ Ho$boë¶m AmhoV. ¶m‘ܶo ~moYrgËd h[aUmÀ¶m ê$nmZo
AaʶmV OÝ‘bm hm H$Wm^mJ àñVwV JmWm§‘ܶo Ambm Amho. Xþgè¶mMm Ord dmMdyZ erbmÀ¶m ajUmgmR>r ñdV…Mon
~{bXmZ XoUmè¶m h[aUm§À¶m amOmMr hr H$Wm Amho.
"" ¶eñdr OrdZmMr Jwê${H$„r åhUOo ÑT>{ZíM¶ hmo¶. AS>MUrV ñdV…Mm Ord Ymo³¶mV KmbyZ {‘ÌmMo àmU
dmMdyZ erbmMo ajU H$aUo.''

"nwZmna§ ¶Xm hmo{‘, gwVÎmH$ZH$g{Þ^mo &
{‘JamOm ééZm‘, na‘grbg‘m{hVmo&&1&&
aå‘o nXogo a‘Ur¶, {d{dÎmo A‘ZwñgHo$
VËW§ dmg§ CnmJpÀN>¨, J“mHy$bo ‘Zmoa‘o&&2&&
AW Cn[a J“m¶, YZHo$hr n[anr{iVmo&
nw[agmo J“m¶ nV{V, Ordm{‘ dm ‘am{‘ dm&&3&&
aqÎm {Xd§ gmo J“m¶, dwæh‘mZmo ‘hmoXHo$&
adÝVmo H$éU§ ad§ ‘ÁPo, J“m¶ JÀN>{V&&4&&
Vñgmh§ gÔ§ gwËdmZ, H$éU§ n[aXodVmo&
J¶ Vrao R>ËdmZ, AnwpÀN>¨ H$mo{g Ëd§ Zamo&&5&&

JJJJJJJJJJJJ 39 JJJJJJJJJJJJ

gmo ‘o nwÆ>mo M ì¶mH$m{g, AÎmZmo H$maU§ VXm&
Y{ZHo${h ^rVmo V{gVmo, n³IÝVmoh§ ‘hmZqX&&6&&

Vñg H$ËdmZ H$méÄÄm§, M{OËdm ‘‘ Or{dV§&
n{d{gËdm Zrh[a¨ Vñg, AÝYH$mapåh a{Îm¶m&&7&&

AñgËW H$mb‘ÄÄmm¶, Vñgmh{‘X‘~«qd&
EH§$ V§ da§ ¶mMm{‘, ‘m ‘§ H$ñg{M nmdX&&8&&

JZa§ JÝËdmZ Am{Mp³I, nwpÀXVmo YZhoVwH$mo&
amOmZ§ gmo JhoËdmZ, CnmJpÀN> ‘‘pÝVH§$&&9&&

¶mdVm H$maU§ gã~§, aÄÄmmo Amamo{MV§ ‘¶m&
amOm gwËdmZ dMZ§, Cgw§ Vñg {dH$ß{g&&10&&

V‘h§ AZwa³IÝVmo, {Zpå‘{Z ‘‘ AÎmZm&
{VÆ>§ Vogm ‘hmamO, H$m‘‘amo ^dm{‘ Vo&&11&&

AZwap³I¨ ‘‘ grb§, Zmap³I ‘‘ OrdV§&
grbdm {h VXm Amqg, ~mo{Y¶m ¶od H$maU'&&12&&

(g§X^©-M[a¶m{nQ>H$)

eãXmW©

{‘JamOm (nw.)- h[aUm§Mm amOm M{OËdm (nyd©.A춶)- ˶mJ H$ê$Z
{d{dÎmo ({d.)- JXunmgyZ Xÿa Agboë¶m, EH$m§VmVrb ZrhaÝVñg ({d.)- àdmhm~amo~a, bm|oT>çm~amo~a dmhV
CnmJpÀN> (^yV.{H«$.)- Odi Jobm
dwæh‘mZmo ({d.)- (nmʶm~amo~a) dmhV OmUmam OmUmè¶mda (X¶m XmIdyZ)
adÝVmo ({d.) - AmoaS>Umam
n[aXodVmo ({d.)- aS>Umam AñgËW H$mb§ (nw.)- gm§ËdZ H$aʶmMr doi, g§Yr
ì¶mH$m{g (^yV.{H«$.)- gm§[JVbo, ñnï> Ho$bo Am{Mp³I (^yV.{H«$.) - gm§{JVbo
Cgw¨ (nw/ór)- gwimda
{dH$ßn{¶ - (^yV.{H«$.)- (gwimda XoʶmMo) R>a{dbo

w w
y y
JJJJJJJJJJJJ 40 JJJJJJJJJJJJ

ñdmܶm¶

1. Imbrb àíZm§Mr EH$m dm³¶mV CËVao {bhm. 4. g§Yr H$am.
1) éé ZmdmMm àmUr H$moU hmoVm? 1) nwZ + Amna
2) ééamO $H$moR>o {Zdmg H$arV hmoVo? 2) ‘hm + AmoXHo$
3) éé$ {‘JamOm H$moUVo {dMma H$arV hmoVm? 3) Zrh + AaÝV
4) ééZo ZXrÀ¶m H$mR>mda OmD$Z, C^o amhÿZ H$m¶ 4) gw + ËdmZ
{dMmabo? 5) Z + Amap³I¨
5) éé {‘JamOm H$moUmÛmao ^¶^rV hmoVo? 6) Vñgmh§ + BX‘~«qd
6) {‘JamOmZo g˶ H$WZ Ho$ë¶mZ§Va H$m¶ åhQ>bo? 7) ‘‘ + ApÝVH§$
8) V§ + Ah§

2. Imbrb dm³¶o g˶/Ag˶ AmoiIm. 5. OmiaoIm{MÌ nyU© H$am.
H$mo'[g Ëd§ Zamo?
1) {‘JamOm ééZm‘ na‘grbg‘m{hVmo&
6. ê$no AmoiIm. 4) gwËdmZ
2) AW Cn[a ¶‘wZm¶ nV{V YZHo${h n[anr{iVmo& 1) Ordm{‘ 5) AÝYH$mpåh
2) AnwpÀN> 6) H$méÄÄm
3) nw[agmo J“m¶ nV{V Ordm{‘ dm ‘am{‘ dm& 3) Am{Mp³I

4) gmo ‘o nwÆ>mo M ì¶mH$m{g AÎmZmo H$maU§ VXm& 7. ¶mo½¶ OmoS>çm bmdm.

5) ¶mdVm H$maU§ gã~ aÄÄmmo Amamo{MV§ ‘¶m& "A' JQ> "~' JQ>

6) V‘h§ AZwa³IÝVmo {Zpå‘{Z ‘‘ AÎmZm& 1) nwZmna§ ¶Xm hmo{‘ A) J“mHw$bo ‘Zmoa‘o&

7) Agrbdm {h VXm Am{g ~mo{Y ¶od H$maUm& 2) VËW dmg§ CnmJpÀN>¨ ~) J“m¶ JÀN>{V&

3. [aH$må¶m OmJm ^am. 3) nw[agmo J“m¶ nV{V H$) gwVÎmH$ZH$g{Þ^mo&
1) nwZmna§ ¶Xm......... gwVÎmH$ZH$g{Þ^mo&
( hmo{‘/hmo{h) S) Ordm{‘ dm ‘am{‘ dm&
2) nw[agmo J“m¶ nV{V...........dm&(Ordm‘/
Ordm{‘) 8. XrKm}Îmar àíZmMo CÎma {bhm.
3) a{Îm§ {Xd§ gmo J“m¶.........‘hmoXHo$&(dwæh‘mZmo/ ééamOM[a¶Mm gmam§e {bhm.
Adwæh‘mZmo)
4) adÝVmo H$éU§ ad§.........J“m¶ JÀN>{V&
(‘ÁPo/nyaVmo)
5) AñgËW.........Vñgmh{‘X§ ~«qd&(A‚m‘ÄÄmm¶/
H$mb‘ÄÄmm¶)
6) {VÆ>§ Vogm ‘hmamO.........^dm{‘ Vo&( H$m‘‘amo/
H$m‘‘am)
7) grbdm {h VXm Amqg..........¶od H$maUm&
(~mo{Y¶m/A~mo{Y¶m)

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