Pali Pakaso

nn 6) BUgwÎm nn
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àñVwV nÚnmR> nm[b {V{nQ>H$mÀ¶m A“wÎma{ZH$m¶mVrb "N>H${ZnmVmo' ¶mVwZ KoVbm Amho. ¶m‘ܶo H$Om©À¶mn
Xþîn[aUm‘mMo dU©Z Ho$bo Amho. EImXr 춳Vr Amnë¶m X¡Z§{XZ JaOm nyU© H$aʶmgmR>r VgoM Amnbr Xm[aÐçVmn
Ýmï> H$aʶmgmR>r Xþgè¶m§H$Sy>Z H$O© KoVo. ˶m KoVboë¶m H$Om©Mo ˶mg ì¶mO ^amdo bmJVo. H$Om©À¶m aH$‘oMrn
naV’o$S> doioda Z Ho$ë¶mg H$O© XoUmè¶mH$Sy>Z ‘mZhmZr, An‘mZ, H$mamJ¥hmV admZJr, X§S> B˶mXr ^moJmdo bmJVo.n
˶m‘wio g‘mOmV Amnbr à{V‘m ‘{bZ hmoVo. Amnbm Xmof bn{dʶmgmR>r H$m¶m, dmMm d ‘ZmZo XþîH¥$˶ KS>Vo.
åhUyZ 춺$sZo Amnë¶m JaOm§da {Z¶§ÌU R>odyZ H$O© Z H$mT>Vm Amnbm OrdZì¶dhma H$amdm. AWm©V "A§Wê$U
nmhÿZ nm¶ ngamdo' ¶m åhUrà‘mUo OrdZ OJmdo hm g§Xoe ¶m nmR>mV {Xbobm Amho.

"" H$Om©Mo Xþîn[aUm‘ OmUyZ H$m¶m, dmMm d ‘Zmda g§¶‘ R>odyZ OrdZ¶mnZ H$aUo.''

Xm{b{Ô¶§ Xþ³I§ bmoHo$, BUmXmZ§ M dwƒ{V&
X{bÔmo BU‘mXm¶, ^þÄÁm‘mZmo {dhÄÄm{V&&1&&
VVmo AZwMapÝV Z§, ~ÝYZpån {ZJÀN>{V&
EV[Äh ~ÝYZ§ Xþ³I§, H$m‘bm^m{^OpßnZ§&&2&&
VWod A[a¶{dZ¶o, gÕm ¶ñg Z {d‚m{V&
A{harH$mo AZmoÎmßnr, nmnH$å‘{d{Zã~¶mo&&3&&

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H$m¶Xþƒ[aV§ H$Ëdm, dMrXþƒ[aVm{Z M&
‘ZmoXþƒ[aV§ H$Ëdm, ‘m ‘§ OÄÄmy' {V BÀN>{V&&4&&
gmo g§gßn{V H$m¶oZ, dmMm¶ CX MoVgm&
nmnH$呧 nd–oÝVmo, VËW VËW nwZßnwZ§&&5&&
gmo nmnH$å‘mo Xþå‘oYmo, OmZ§ Xþ¸$Q>‘ÎmZmo&
X{bÔmo BU‘mXm¶, ^wÄO‘mZmo {dhÄÄm{V&&6&&
VVmo AZwMapÝV Z§, g‘ßnm ‘mZgm Xþ³Im&
Jm‘o dm ¶{X dmaÄÄmo, ¶ñg {dßn{Q>gmaOm&&7&&
gmo nmnH$å‘mo Xþå‘oYmo, OmZ§ Xþ¸$Q>‘ÎmZmo&
¶mo{Z‘ÄÄmVa§ JÝËdm, {Za¶o dm{n ~ÁP{V&&8&&

EV[Äh ~ÝYZ§ Xþ³I§, ¶åhm Yramo n‘wƒ{V&
Yå‘bÕo{h ^moJo{h, XX§ {MÎm§ ngmX¶§&&9&&
C^¶ËW H$Q>½Jmhmo, gÕñg Ka‘o{gZmo&
{XÆ>Yå‘{hVËWm¶, gånam¶gwIm¶ M&
Ed‘oV§ JhÆ>mZ§, MmJmo nwÄÄm§ nd–{V&&10&&
VWod A[a¶{dZ¶o, gÕm ¶ñg n{V{Æ>Vm&
{har‘Zmo M AmoÎmßnr, nÄÄmdm grbg§dwVmo&&11&&
Egmo Imo A[a¶{dZ¶o, gwIOrdr {V dwƒ{V&
{Zam{‘g§ gwI§ bÕm, Cno³I§ A{Y{VÆ>{V&&12&&

(g§X^©- A“xÎma{ZH$m¶ N>H${ZnmVmo)
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eãXmW©

BU§ (Znw.)- H$O© BÀN>{V (dV©.{H«$.)- BÀN>m H$aVmo
BUmXmZ§ (Znw.)- $H$O© XoUo
nmnH$呧 ({d.)- nmnH$‘©
Xm{b{Ô¶§ ({d.)- Xm[aÐçVm Xþå‘oY ({d.)- dmB©Q> ~wÕrMm
bmoHo$ (nw.)- bmoH$mV, OJmV Xþ¸$Q> ({d.)- dmB©Q> H¥$˶
dwƒ{V (dV©.{H«$.) - åhUVmo
^wÄM‘mZmo ({d.)- ^moJUmam g‘ßn (nw.)- g§H$ën
{dhÄÄm{V (dV©.{H«$.)- n«má hmoVmo ¶mo{Z‘ÄÄmÎma§ (Znw.)- ‘¥Ë¶yZ§Va
A[a¶{dZ¶o ({d.)- ~wÜXemgZmV Yramo (nw.)- ~w{Õ‘mZ
gÕm (Znw§)- lÕm n‘wƒ{V(dV©.{H«$.)- ‘w³V hmoVmo
AZmoÎmßnr(Znw§.)- {Z^©¶ bÕ (H¥$XÝV)- àmá
H$m‘bm^ (nw.)- H$m‘mon^moJmMr àmßVr JhÆ>§ (nw.)- J¥hñW
A{harH$mo ({d.)- b‚mma{hV, g§H$moMa{hV MmJmo (Znw.)- ˶mJ
H$m¶m (ór.)- eara nwÄÄm§ (Znw.)- nwʶ
dmMm(ór) - dmUr nd–{V (dV©.{H«$.)- dmT>Vo, dmT>Vmo
‘Zmo (Znw§)- ‘Z ({MÎm§) nÄÄmdm ({d.)- àkmdmZ
Xþƒ[aV§ (Znw.)- dmB©Q> AmMaU grbg§dwVmo ({d.)- gXmMmar
‘m (AmkmW©)- ZH$mo, ZH$m gwIOrdr ({d.)- gwIr OrdZ OJUmam
OÄÄmw ({d.)- Aݶ, Hw$brZ Cno³Im (ór.)- Cnojm
{Zam{‘g (Znw.)- {Zanoj
A{Y{VÆ>{V (dV©.{H«$.)- (ܶmZmV) pñWa hmoVmo

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ñdmܶm¶

1. Imbrb àíZm§Mr EH$m dm³¶mV CËVao {bhm. 2. Imbrb dm³¶o g˶/Ag˶ AmoiIm.
1) ¶m OJmV Xþ³I H$embm åhUVmV? 1) VWod A[a¶{dZ¶o gÜXm ¶ñg Z {d‚m{V&

2) H$Om©Mr naV’o$S> Z $Ho$ë¶mZo H$moU˶m g‘ñ¶m§Zm 2) ‘ZmoXþƒ[aV§ H$Ëdm, ""‘m ‘§ OÄÄmy' {V Z BÀN>{V&
gm‘moao Omdo bmJVo?
3) Jm‘o dm ¶{X dmaÄÄmo ¶ñg {dßn{Q>gmaOm&
3) nmnH$‘© H$moU H$aVmo?
4) Yå‘bÕo{h ^moJo{h BX§ {MÎm§ Z ngmX¶§&
4) H$moU˶m VrZ Jmoï>r Xþgè¶m§Zr OmUy Z¶o Ago
AmnUmg dmQ>Vo. 5) Egmo Imo A[a¶{dZ¶ "gwIOrdr {V dwƒ{V&

5) gwImMr BÀN>m AgUmè¶mg H$moU˶m H$maUm§Zr 3. [aH$må¶m OmJm ^am.
Xþ³ImVM ‘aU ¶oVo? 1) X{bÔmo BU‘mXm¶ ^wÄO‘mZmo................&
([dhÄÄm{V/OhpÝV)
6) VWmJVmàVr lÜXm àH$Q> Ho$ë¶mg H$emnmgyZ 2) ‘ZmoXwƒ[aV§ H$Ëdm. ‘m ................OÄÄmy {V
‘w³Vr {‘iVo? BÀN>{V& (Ëd§/‘§)
3) gmo................ Xþå‘oYmo, OmZ§ Xþ¸$Q>‘ÎmZmo&
7) KamVrb ˶mJ Am{U nyʶ H$go dmT>Vo? (nwÄÄmH$å‘mo/nmnH$å‘mo)

8) gwIOrdr H$moUmg åhUmdo?

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4. gwMZoZwgma H¥$Vr H$ê$Z CÎmao {bhm. 7. OmiaoIm{MÌ nyU© H$am. AZwMapÝV
1) {d‚m{V ($H$mi AmoiIm) 1)
2) H$Ëdm (A춶 AmoiIm)
3) gÕm (‘mܶ‘ ^mfoV AW© {bhm) Cng½J§
4) gmo ({déÜXmWu eãX {bhm)

5. ¶mo½¶ OmoS>çm bmdm. "~' JQ> 2)
"A' JQ> A) ~ÝYZpån {ZJÀN>{V& Xþƒ[aV§ H$呧&
~) H$m‘bm^m{^OpßnZ§&
1) EV[Äh ~ÝYZ§ Xþ³I§ H$) MmJmo nwÄÄm nd–{V& 3)
2) VVmo AZwMapÝV Z§ S>) Cno³I§ A{Y{VÆ>{V& qH$ V¶mo Xþƒ[aVm{Z?
3) {Zam{‘g§ gwI bÕm

6. g§Yr H$am. dmMm
1) BU§ + AmXm¶
2) VW + Ed 8. XrKm}Îmar àíZmMo CÎma {bhm.
3) Ed§ + EV H$O© H$mT>ʶmMo Xþîn[aUm‘ H$moUVo Vo gm§Jm.
4) dm + A{n

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nn 7) Aå~nmbr Woar nn
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àñVmdZm y
y
IwÔH$ {ZH$m¶mVrb WoarJmWm ¶m J«§WmVyZ hm nÚ CVmam KoVbm Jobobm Amho. Am‘«nmbr A{Ve¶ g§wXa dn
XoIUr hmoVr. VméʶmV nXmn©U Ho$ë¶mda Vr BVH$s XoIUr {Xgy bmJbr, H$s {VÀ¶m àmárgmR>r AZoH$ amOnwÌmVn
ñnYm© {Z‘m©U Pmbr. eodQ>r gdmªMrM åhUyZ Vr J{UH$m Pmbr. Z§Va VWmJVmMm CnXoe EoHy$U Vr {daº$ Pmbr dn
{VZo àdÁOm KoVbr. EHo$H$mir Vr Amnë¶m gm¢X¶m©Zo gdmªZm AmH${f©V H$aUmar hmoVr; na§Vw nwT>o ˶mVrb ZídaVmn
{Vbm C‘Jbr. "nydu ‘r H$er hmoVo d AmVm H$er Pmbr Amho' ¶mMo dU©Z H$aVmZm {VZo àñVwVÀ¶m JmWm åhQ>ë¶m
AmhoV. nm{b‘Yrb Ab§H$marV e¡brMo ho EH$ CËH¥$ï> CXmhaU Amho. VgoM eara gm¡X¶© Zída Amho, ¶mMm
gmjmËH$ma EH$m J{UHo$bm hmoUo ¶mVrb {damoYm^mghr Amho.

Am‘«nmbr VméʶmMr d åhmVmanUmMr ñdmZw^dmdê$Z VwbZm H$arV AgyZ {Obm gm¢X¶©g§nÞVm àmá Pmbr
hmoVr, {VbmM gm¢X¶m©À¶m A{Z˶VoMm d jU^§JwaVoMm à˶j gmjmËH$ma Pmbm. Vmo ‘Z g§VwbZmbm nmofH$ R>aUmam
dmQ>Vmo.

""H$miH$m ^‘adÊUg{Xgm, do{„V½Jm ‘‘ ‘wÕOm Ah§þ&
Vo Oam¶ gmUdmH$gm{Xgm, gƒdm{XdMZ§ AZÄÄmWm''&&1&&
""dm{gVmod gwa^r H$aÊS>H$mo, nwß’$nya ‘‘ CÎm‘“Omo&
V§ Oam¶ gbmo‘JpÝYH§$, gƒdm{XdMZ§ AZÄÄmWm''&&2&&
""H$mZZ§ d g{hV§ gwamo{nV§, H$moÀN>gy{M{d{MV½Jgmo{^V§&
V§ Oam¶ {dab§ Vqh Vqh, gƒdm{XdMZ§ AZÄÄmWm''&&3&&
""H$ÊhIÝYH$gwdÊU‘pÊS>V§, gmo^Vo gwdoUr{hAb‘V§&
V§ Oam¶ I{bV§ {ga§ H$V§, gƒdm{XdMZ§ AZÄÄmWm''&&4&&

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""{MÎmH$magwH$Vmd bo{IH$m, gmo^Vo gw^‘wH$m nwao ‘‘&
Vm Oam¶ d{b{^ßnbpå~Vm, gƒdm{XdMZ§ AZÄÄmWm''&&5&&

""^ñgam gwé{Mam ¶Wm ‘Ur,ZoÎmhogw‘{^Zrb‘m¶Vm&
Vo Oam¶{^hVm Z gmo^ao, gƒdm{XdMZ§ AZÄÄmWm''&&6&&

""gÊhVw“g{Xgr M Zm{gH$m, gmo^Vo gwA{^¶moã~Z§ n{V&
gm Oam¶ CnHy${bVm {d¶, gƒdm{XdMZ§ AZÄÄmWm''&&7&&

""H$‘U§ d gwH$V§ gw{Z{Æ>V§, gmo^Vo gw‘‘ H$ÊUnm{i¶mo&
Vm Oam¶ d{b{^ßnbpå~Vm, gƒdm{XdMZ§ AZÄÄmWm''&&8&&

""nÎmbr‘Hw$bdÊUgm{Xgm, gmo^Vo gwXÝVm nwao ‘‘&
Vo Oam¶ IpÊS>Vm Mm{gVm, gƒdm{XdMZ§ AZÄÄmWm''&&9&&

""H$mZZpåh dZgÊS>Mm[aZr, H$mo{H$bmd ‘Ywa§ {ZHy${Oh§&
V§ Oam¶ I{bV§ Vqh Vqh, gƒdm{XdMZ§ AZÄÄmWm''&&10&&

""gÊhH$å~w[ad gwßn‘{‚mVm, gmo^Vo gwJrdm nwao ‘‘&
gm Oam¶ ^½Jm {dZm{‘Vm, gƒdm{XdMZ§ AZÄÄmWm''&&11&&

""dÅ>n{bKg{Xgmon‘m C^mo, gmo^Vo gw~mhm nwao ‘‘&
Vm Oam¶ ¶W nmQ>{bã~{bVm, gƒdm{XdMZ§ AZÄÄmWm''&&12&&

""gÊh‘w{ÔH$gwdÊU‘pÊS>Vm, gmo^Vo gwhËWm nwao ‘‘&
Vo Oam¶ ¶Wm ‘yb‘y{bH$m, gƒdm{XdMZ§ AZÄÄmWm''&&13&&

""H$ÄMZñg’$bH§$d gwå‘Æ>§, gmo^Vo gwH$m¶mo nwao ‘‘&
gmo dbr{h gwIw‘m{h AmoVVmo, gƒdm{XdMZ§ AZÄÄmWm''&&14&&

""E{Xgmo Ahþ A¶§ g‘wñg¶mo, O‚mamo ~hþXþ³ImZ‘mb¶mo&
gmo nbonn{VVmo OamKamo, gƒdm{XdMZ§ AZÄÄmWm''&&15&&

(g§X^©-WoarJmWm)

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eãXmW©

^‘adÊUg{Xgm ({d.)- ^w§½¶mÀ¶m a§JmgmaIo A{^¶moã~Z (nw.)- VéU

do{„V½Jm ({d.)- $Hw$aio CnHw${bVm (ñÌr.)- g§Hw${MV

gƒdm{XdMZ (Znw.)- g˶ ~mobUmè¶m ~wÕmMo dMZ H$ÊUnm{i¶mo ({d.)- H$mZmÀ¶m nmù¶m

AZÄÄmWm ({d.)- Iao (ImoQ>o R>aV Zmhr Ago) XÝVm (Znw.)- XmV

nwß’$nya- (Znw.) ’w$bm§Zr ‘miboë¶m Mm{gV({d.)-$$H$mio (Oo nm§T>ao ZmhrV Ago)

CÎm‘“Omo(Znw.)- S>mo³¶mda dmT>Umao Ho$g dZgÊS>Mm[aZr> (ór.)- dZmV amhUmar

gbmo‘JpÝYH$ ({d.)- XþJ©Yr¶wº$ Ho$g ‘Ywa§ ({d.)- JmoS> AmdmO

gmo^ao (Znw.)- gw§Xa {XgUo {ZHy${Oh§ (Znw.)- AmdmO, njm§Mr MrdMrd

{MÎmH$magwH$Vmod (nw.)- {MÌH$mamZo a§J{dboë¶m Jrdm (ór.)- ‘mZ, Jim

^‘wH$m (ór.)- ^wd¶m ~mh (nw$.)- ~mhþ (X§S> )

d{b ({d.) - gwaHw$˶m hËW (nw.)- hmV

^ñgam ({d.)- àH$me‘mZ ~hþXþ³ImZ‘mb¶mo ({d.)- ZmZm Xþ…ImMo AmJma

Zm{gH$m (ór.)- ZmH$ Oam¶ ({d.)- åhmVmanUm‘wio

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ñdmܶm¶

1. Imbrb àíZm§Mr EH$m dm³¶mV CËVao {bhm. 6. ¶mo½¶ n¶m©¶ {ZdSy>Z dm³¶o nyU© H$am.
1) Aå~nmbrMo Ho$g H$go hmoVo? 1) H$mZZpåh dZgÊS>Mm[aZr H$mo{H$bmd ...........
2) Aå~nmbrMo {MÌH$mamZo H$mao ë¶mgmaIo H$m¶ hmVo ?o {ZHy${Oh& (A‘Ywa/‘Ywa)
3) nyduMr Aå~nmbrMr ‘mZ H$er hmoVr? 2) Vo Oam¶ gmUdmH$gm{Xgm,gƒdm{XdMZ§
4) g˶dmXr ~wÕmMo dMZ H$go R>aV Zmhr? ...........& (ZÄÄmWm/AZÄÄmWm)
3) ...........Ahþ> A¶§ g‘wñg¶mo& (V{Xgmo/E{Xgmo)
2. Imbrb dm³¶o g˶/Ag˶ AmoiIm. 4) gmo^Vo...........n{V& (gw¶moã~Z§/gwA{^¶moã~Z§)
1) gƒdm{XdMZ§ AZÄÄmWm&
2) V§ Oam¶ A{dab§ Vqh Vqh& 7. ¶mo½¶ OmoS>çm bmdm.
3) gmo^Vo gw Jrdm nwao ‘‘§&
4) gmo^Vo gwAH$m¶mo nyao ‘‘§& "A' JQ> "~' JQ>
1) H$miH$m A) gmo^Vo gwXÝVm
2) ^ñgamgwé{Mam ~) H$mo{H$bmd
3) gÊhVw“g{Xgr H$) ^‘adÊUgm{Xgm
4) nÝVbr‘Hw$bdÊUmgm{Xgm S>) ¶Wm ‘Ur
3. ê$no AmoiIm. B) M Zm{gH$m
1) Oam¶ 2) H$mo{H$bm. 8. OmiaoIm{MÌ nyU© H$am.
3) bå~pÝV 4) ^‘wH$m

4. g§Yr H$am. gƒdm{XdMZ qH$ AZÄÄmWm?
1) AZ+ AÄÄmWm 2) CÎm‘ + A“Omo

5. ‘mܶ‘ ^mfoV AW© {bhm. 9. XrKm}Îmar àíZmMo CÎma {bhm.
1) gbmo‘JpÝYH§$ 2) H$m¶mo Aå~nmbrZo gm¢X¶m©Mr A{Z˶Vm H$em àH$mao
3) Jrdm 4) hËWm gm§{JVbr Amho?

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nn nn
w 8) n{H$ÊUm{Z gw^m{gVm{Z w
y
àñVmdZm y
n
gw^m{gV hm eãX "gw' Am{U "^m{gV' ¶m§Zr {‘iyZ ~Zbobm Amho, Á¶mMm AW© Agm Amho H$s ¶mo½¶ Ñï>rn
nR>odyZ gm§{JVbobo, g§wXa ^mfoV gm§{JVbo Jobobo dMZ. ¶m gw^m{fVm§‘ܶo gwIr Am{U AmXe© OrdZmMo {dMma VgoM
Zr{V¶w³V AmMaUmMm ‘m½m© gm§JUmao {dMma A§V^y©V AmhoV. 춳VrÀ¶m OrdZm‘ܶo gå¶H$ ~Xb KS>dyZ AmUʶmMrn
àoaUm ¶m gw^m{fVm¨‘YyZ àmá hmoVo. EImXo ‘hÎdnyU©, AW©nyU© dMZ ‘¶m©{XV eãX§mV 춳V$ H$aʶmMo gm‘϶© ¶m
gw^m{fVm§‘ܶo Amho. {V{nQ>H$m‘Yrb Yå‘nX, gwÎm{ZnmV B˶mXr J«§WmV Aer gw^m{fVo {dnwb à‘mUmV AmhoV.
doJdoJù¶m {R>H$mUr Vo {dIwabobo AmhoV. doJdoJù¶m àg§Jr VWmJVm§Zr erb-gXmMma ¶mda AmYmarV Oo CnXoe
gm§{JVbobo AmhoV, ˶m§Mo g§H$bZ åhUOo Yå‘nX, gwÎm{ZnmV B˶mXr§‘Yrb gw^m{fV hmoV.

àñVwV gw^m{fV ho Yå‘nXm‘Yrb H$mhr JmWm§Mm g§J«h Amho. ¶m JmWm§‘YyZ Aqhgm, em§Vr, ~§YwVm, g‘mZVm,
‘mZdr ‘yë¶o B˶mXtMm CnXoe gm§{JVbobm Amho. ‘mZdr g‘mOmÀ¶m {hVmH$[aVm, gwImH$[aVm, H$ë¶mUmH$[aVm ¶m
gw^m{fVm§‘Yrb JmWm ‘hÎdnyU© d àoaUmXm¶r AmhoV.
""OmV, Y‘©, n§W, qbJ, àXoe, ^mfm ¶m ^oXmÀ¶m n{bH$S>o OmdyZ g‘mOmVrb gd© bmoH$m§V gm‘§Oñ¶ d Z¡{VH$ ‘yë¶o
dmT>rg bmdʶmgmR>r gw^m{fVm§Mo ‘hÎd Amho.''

gw^mZwnpñg¨ {dhaÝV§, BpÝX¶ogw Ag§dwV§&
^moOZpåh A‘ÎmÄÄmw§, Hw$grV§ hrZdr[a¶§&
V§ do ngh{V ‘mamo dmVmo é³I§ d Xwã~b§&&1&& (¶‘H$ d½Jmo)

Agw^mZwnpñg§ {dhaÝV§, BpÝX¶ogw Ag§dwV§&
^moOZpåh M ‘ÎmÄÄmw§,gÕ§ AmaÜXdr[a¶§&
V§ do Zßngh{V ‘mamo, dmVmo gob§ d nã~V§&&2&& (¶‘H$ d½Jmo)

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CÆ>mZdVmo g{V‘Vmo, gw{MH$å‘ñg {Zgå‘H$m[aZmo&
gÄÄmVñg M Yå‘Or{dZmo, Aßn‘Îmñg ¶gmo{^d–{V&&3&& (Aßn‘mXd½Jmo)

Hw$å^n‘§ H$m¶{‘‘§ {d{XËdm, ZJê$n‘§ {MÎm‘X§ R>noËdm&
¶moYo¶ ‘ma§ nÄÄmm¶wYoZ, {OV§ M a³Io A{ZdogZmo {g¶m&&4&& ({MÎmd½Jmo)

Z naog§ {dbmo‘m{Z, Z naog§ H$VmH$V§&
AÎmZmo d Ado³Ioæ¶, H$Vm{Z AH$Vm{Z M&&5&& (nwß’$d½Jmo)

¶Wm{n é{Ma§ nwß’§$, dÊUdÝV§ AJÝYH§$&
Ed§ gw^m{gVm dmMm,A’$bm hmo{V AHw$ã~Vmo&&6&& (nwß’$d½Jmo)

¶mdOrdpån Mo ~mbmo, npÊS>V§ n{¶énmg{V&
Z gmo Y呧 {dOmZm{V, Xã~r gwnag§ ¶Wm&&7&&(~mbd½Jmo)

‘whÿÎm‘{n Mo {dÄÄmy, npÊSV§ n{¶énmg{V&
{Ißn§ Y呧 {dOmZm{V, {Oìhm gynag§ ¶Wm&&8&& (~mbd½Jmo)

gobmo ¶Wm EH$KZmo, dmVoZ Z g‘ra{V&
Ed§ {ZÝXmng§gmgw, Z g{‘ÁOpÝV npÊS>Vm&&9&& (npÊS>Vd½Jmo)

ghñg‘{n Mo dmMm,AZËWnXg§{hVm&
EH§$ AËWnX§ goæ¶mo, ¶§ gwËdm Cngå‘{V&&10&& (ghñgd½Jmo)

Ab‘Vmo Mo {n g‘§ Maoæ¶, gÝVmoXÝVmo {Z¶Vmo ~÷Mmar&
gã~ogw ^yVogw {ZYm¶ XÊS>§, gmo ~m÷Umo gmo g‘Umo M {^³Iy&&11&& (XÊS>d½Jmo)

AÎmZm d H$V§ nmn§, AÎmZm g[‘{bñg{V&
AÎmZm AH$V§ nmn§, AÎmZm d {dgwÁP{V&
gwpÜX AgwpÜX nƒV§, ZmÄÄmmo AÄÄm§ {dgmoY¶o&&12&& (AÎmd½Jmo)

¶o PmUngwVm Yram, Zo³Iå‘yng‘o aVm&
Xodm{n Vog§ {nh¶pÝV, gå~wÜXmZ§ gVr‘V§&&13&& (~wÕd½Jmo)

¶mo Xþ³Iñg nOmZm{V, BYod I¶‘ÎmZmo&
nÞ^ma§ {dg§ÄÄmwV§, V‘h§ ~w{‘ ~m÷U§&&14&& (~m÷Ud½Jmo)

(g§X^©-Yå‘nX)

eãXmW©

gw^ (Znw.)- ew^,Mm§Jbo ‘ÎmÄÄmy ({d.)- à‘mU OmUUmam, ‘mÌm OmUmUmam
AZwnñg{V(dV©.{H«$.)- $nmhVmo, {dMma H$aVmo A‘ÎmÄÄmy ({d.)- à‘mU Z OmUUmam
gw^mZwnpñg ({d.) - Mm§Jbo ‘mUyZ MmbUmam Hw$grV§ (Znw§.)- Amier
BpÝж (Znw.)- B§{ж {d[a¶ (Znw.)- gm‘϶©, CËgmh
g§dwV- ({d.) g§¶‘r hrZdr[a¶ ({d.) - CËgmha{hV
Ag§dwV§ ({d.)- Ag§¶‘r V§ (gd©.)- ˶mbm

w w
y y
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do (A.)- IamoIa, {ZpíM>VnUo Xã~r (ór.)- nir, M‘Mm
ngh{V (dV©.{H«$.)- XS>nyZ Q>mH$Vmo gwn(nw.)- ñdmX, añgm, Am‘Q>r, H$T>r
‘ma (nw.)- ‘ma, ‘ZmVrb Ñï> àd¥Îmr {dÄÄmy({d.)- gyk, n§{S>V,{dÛmZ
dmV (nw.)- dmam ‘whÿÎm(nw.Zn§w.)- WmoS>m doi,jU
Xþã~b§ ({d.)- Xþ~©b {Ißn ({d.)- MQ>H$Z, erK«, VËH$mi
nã~V§ (nw.)- nd©V g‘ra{V (dV©.{H«$)- hbVmo
C>Æ>mZdVmo> ({d.)- CËgmhdmZ g{‘‚m{V (dV©.{H«$)- {dM{bV hmoVmo, hbVmo
gw{M (Znw.)- n{dÌ AËW (nw.)- AW©, bm^, YZ
{Zgå‘(nyd©.{H«$.)- {dMma H$ê$Z AZËW (AZ+AËW)- AZW©, hmZr
{Zgå‘H$m[aZmo ({d.)- {ddoH$mZo AmMaU H$aUmam AËWnX§(Znw.)- AW©nyU© dMZ
H$m¶ (nw.)- H$m¶m, eara goæ¶mo ({d.)- loð>
Hw$å^ (nw.)- KS>m gwËdm (nyd©.{H«$.)- EoHy$Z
Cn‘ ({d.)- g‘mZ/Cn‘m Ab‘Vmo({d.)- Ab§H¥$V, gOdbobm
{d{XËdm (nyd©.{H«$.)- OmUyZ gÝV({d.)- em§V
R>noËdm (nyd©.{H«$.)- R>odyZ {Z¶V({d.)- pñWa
{ZdogZ (Znw.)- Ka, {Zdmg XÝV({d.)- X‘Z Ho$bobm, g§¶V
na({d.)- Xþgam {ZYm¶(nyd©.{H«$.)- gmoSy>Z
{dbmo‘ (Znw§.)- {dê$Õ gw{Õ(ór)- ewÕr, n{dÌVm
{dbmo‘(Znw.)- Xmof nƒÎm§ ({d.)- doJdo½mio
H$VmH$V§(Znw.)-Ho$bobo, Z Ho$bobo {dgmoY¶o(H¥$.)- ewÜX H$aUo ¶mo½¶
Ado³I{V ({H«$.) - nmhVmo, {dMmamV KoVmo, PmZ(Znw.)- ܶmZ
ngwV(nyd©.{d.)- ‘¾ amhÿZ, bmJyZ amhÿZ
AdbmoH$Z H$aVmo Zo³Iå‘yng‘o(nw.)- na‘em§V {Zdm©U
aV(H¥$.)- AZwaº$ AmZ§X KoUmam
é{Ma§ ({d.)- gw§Xa {nh¶pÝV (dV©.{H«$.)- BÀN>m H$aVmo, à¶ËZ H$aVmo
dÊUdÝV§ ({d.)- a§J AgUmao I¶ (nw.)- j¶
JÝYH§$ ({d.)- dmg AgUmao nÞ^ma§ ({d.)- AmoPo CVê$Z R>odbobm
Hw$ã~Vmo (${d.)- AmMaU H$aUmam {dgÎm§ ({d.)- Amgº$
¶mdOrdpån (ór.)- OrdZ^a gwÕm
n{¶énmg{V (dV©.{H«$)- Odi ~gVmo, godm H$aVmo

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ñdmܶm¶

1. Imbrb àíZm§Mr EH$m dm³¶mV CËVao {bhm. 4) earamg H$go g‘Omdo?
1) Amier Am{U CÚmoJ{hZ ‘mUgmbm ‘ma H$gm 5) ‘mamer ¶wÕ H$go H$amdo?
hmUyZ nmS>Vmo? 6) ehmUm ‘mUyg Y‘m©bm H$go OmUyZ KoVmo?
7) "{ZÝXmng§gm' ¶m eãXmMm AW© gm§Jm?
2) ‘Ýmwî¶mMr ¶ed¥ÜXr H$er hmoVo?

3) ñdV…Mo AdbmoH$Z H$go H$amdo?

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y y
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2. Imbrb dm³¶o g˶/Ag˶ AmoiIm. 5. ¶mo½¶ OmoS>çm bmdm.

1) gw^mZwnpñg {dhaÝV§, BpÝX¶ogw gwg§dwV§& "A' JQ> "~' JQ>
1) ¶mdOrdpån Mo ~mbmo A) dmVoZ Z g‘ra{V&
2) Agw^mZwnpñg {dhaÝV§, BpÝX¶ogw gwg§dwV§& 2) gobmo ¶Wm EH$KZmo ~) H$Vm{Z AH$Vm{Z M&
3) AÎmZmo d Ado³Ioæ¶ H$) V‘h§ ~«w{‘ ~m÷U§&
3) Z naog§ {dbm‘{Z, Z naog§ H$VmH$V§& S>) npÊS>V§ n{¶énmg{V&

4) ¶Wm{n é{Ma§ nwß’§$, dÊUdÝV§ gwJÝYH§$& 6. Imbrb JmWm§À¶m AmYmao OmiaoIm{MÌ nyU© H$am.
1) CÆ>mZdVmo g{V‘Vmo, gy{MH$å‘ñg {Zgå‘H$m[aZmo&
5) gobmo VWm EH$KZmo, dmVoZ Z g‘ra{V& gÄÄmVñg M Yå‘Or{dZmo, Aßn‘Îmñg
¶gmo{^d–{V&
3. gyMZoZwgma H¥$Vr H$ê$Z CÎmao {bhm.
1) ¶mdOrd (g‘mg AmoiIm) gw{MH$å‘ñg
2) gw (nyd©H$mbdmMH$ A춶 H$am.)
3) Xþ³Iñg ({d^º$s AmoiIm.) ¶gmo{^d–{V
4) "B[Ýжogw gwg§dwV§'(‘mܶ‘ ^mfoV AW© {bhm)
5) V§ do Zßngh{V ‘mamo,...........& 2) ¶mo Xþ³Iñg nOmZm{V, BYod I¶‘ÎmZmo&
(JmWm nyU© H$am.) nÞ^ma§ {dg§ÄÄmwV§, V‘h§ ~«w{‘ ~«m÷U§&&
6) ¶Wm{n é{Ma§ nwß’$ dÊUdÝV§ JÝYH$&
(JmWm XþéñV H$éZ {bhm.) V‘h§ ~«w{‘ ~m÷U§& BYod I¶‘ÎmZmo
7) AMyH$ nm{b eãX AmoiIyZ nwÝhm {bhm.
A) ¶mdOrdpån/ ¶m{dOrdpån/ ¶m{dOtd{n 7. XrKm}Îmar àíZm§Mr CÎmao {bhm.
~) ‘hÎm‘{n/ ‘whÿÎm‘{n/ ‘hþV‘nr 1) "Yå‘Or{dZmo' (Yå‘mà‘mUo M[aVmW© Mmb{dUmam)
H$) {dgwÜX{V/ {dgwÁPVr/ {dgwÁP{V {df¶r {bhm
2) nm{b gm{h˶m‘Yrb ‘ma g§H$ënZm ñnï> H$am.
4. ¶mo½¶ n¶m©¶ {ZdSy>Z [aH$må¶m OmJm ^am. 3) "n{H$ÊUm{Z gw^m{gVm{Z' Mm gmam§e {bhm.
1) ^moOZpåh ..........., Hw$grV§ hrZdr[a¶§&
(A‘ÎmÄÄm§w/‘ÎmÄÄmw§)
2) ¶moYo¶ ‘ma§ nÄÄmm¶wYoZ, {OV§ M a³Io ...........
{g¶m& ({ZdogZmo/A{ZdogZmo)
3) AÎmZmo d ..........., H$Vm{Z AH$Vm{ZM&
(Ado³Iæ¶/do³Io¶)
4) ghñg‘{n M dmMm, ...........&
(AËWnXg§{hVm /AZËWnXg§{hVm)
5) ¶mo...........nOmZm{V, BYod I¶‘ÎmZmo&
(Xþ³Iñg/gwIñg)

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y y
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nn WwcdmMZ IÝYH$mo nn
1) nmMrZ {dñg{d‚mmb¶mo
w w
àñVmdZm y
y
Bgdr gZ nyd© nmMì¶m-ghmì¶m eVH$m‘ܶo VWmJV ~wÕmMm Am{U ~m¡Õ Yå‘mMm CX¶ Pmbm. ~wÕmÀ¶m n
AmYr Oå~wXrnm‘ܶo Jwê$Hw$b {ejU nÕVr hmoVr. ˶mV ’$³V Cƒ dUm©À¶m Am{U OmVrÀ¶m bmoH$m§ZmM n
{ejUmMm A{YH$ma hmoVm. ~wÕ H$mim‘ܶo Vj{ebm {díd{dÚmb¶mMm C„oI nm{b {V{nQ>H$ gm{h˶m‘ܶo n
AmT>iyZ ¶oVmo. ˶mZ§Va ~wÕ Yå‘mÀ¶m {dH$mgmZ§Va gmd©O{ZH$ {ejUmMr g§H$ënZm nwT>o Ambr. Bgdr gZmÀ¶m n
Xþgè¶m-{Vgè¶m eVH$mnmgyZ ^maVm‘ܶo AZoH$ ~m¡Õ {dÚmnrR>m§Mr {Z{‘©Vr Pmbr. ¶m {dÚmnrR>m§‘ܶo H$bm,
^mfm, emó, Am¶wd}X, ì¶mH$aU, agm¶Z, dmñVwH$bm, {eënH$bm, ‘yVuH$bm, YmVwemó, Á¶mo{Vf, J{UV,
kmZ, {dkmZ B˶mXr {df¶m§Mo Aܶ¶Z-AܶmnZ Ho$bo OmV hmoVo. gdmªZm ‘mo’$V {ejU {Xbo OmV hmoVo. ˶mdoir
nm{b ^mfm ZmJar g§ñH¥$Vr H$mbrZ bmoH$m§Mr ì¶mdhm[aH$ ^mfm hmoVr. Or ^mfm {ZVr‘ÎmoMo ajU H$aVo, nmbZ H$aVo
Vr nm{b. ˶m ^mfoMr {bnr hr Yå‘{bnr hmoVr.

àmMrZ H$mimVrb {dÚmnrRo d {ejUàUmbr {ZVr‘Îmdo a AmYm[aV Agë¶m‘iw o OJmÀ¶m H$mZmH$mno è¶mVZy
{ejU KÊo ¶mH$[aVm Am{e¶m I§S>mVyZM Zìho Va {dídmVrb nmM IS§ >mVrb {dÚmWu {ejU KoʶmH$[aVm ¶Vo AgV. ˶m
H$mir Oå~wXrnm‘ܶo 23 {dÚmnrR>o ApñVËdmV hmVo r. ˶mnH¡ $s ghm {dÚmnrR>mM§ r g§{já ‘m{hVr Imbrb à‘mUo Amho.

""amï´>mZo Zoh‘r MT>Vr loUr JmR>V OmD$Z gd© 춳Vr d gm‘wXm{¶H$ joÌmV ¶e g§nmXZ H$ê$Z d¡km{ZH$
Ñ{ï>H$moZ, ‘mZdVmdmX d g§emoYH$ d¥Îmr {dH${gV H$aʶmgmR>r {ejUmMr gmo¶ H$aUo.'' hm ¶m nmR>çKQ>H$mVyZ ~moY
KoVm ¶oVmo.

{IÆ>nwã~§ Xg gVHo$Z Oå~{Ûno{h {dñg{d‚mmb¶mo EH$mo) V¸${gbm {dñg{d‚mmb¶mo
hmo{V& VoZ Imo nZ g‘¶oZ Yå‘{ZVr‘VoZ {Zñg¶{V Oå~w{XnoZ gã~oZ nmMrZ {dñg{d‚mmb¶mo V¸${gbm
g“{UHo$Z gÎmm{h Ahmo{g& BXpån OZnXo{h Oå~w{ÛnoZ Ahmo{g& ¶§ {dñg{d‚mmb¶mo H$mboZ {IÆ>nwã~§ EH$mo
g‘¶§ {g³Im M ÄmmU M {dÄÄmmUmo n‘wImo R>mU§ Ahmo{g& ghñgmo V VVmo {IÆ>§ MVw gVH§$ {V& BY {dñg{d‚mmb¶mo
Vñgm Oå~w{ÛnoZ {H${ÎmgÔmo do^dgånÞmo OZnXo {h Am§{^aÄÄmmoñg nwÎmmo V³IH$ ZJaaÄÄmmoñg R>mno{VËdm&
{dñgg JmadoZ Ahmo{g& V§ g‘¶oZ nm{b ^mgm ~hþ OZñg V¸${gbm OZnoX{h Zm‘mo{g {dñg{d‚mmb¶mo V¸${gbm
dmohm[aH$mo ^mgm Ahmo{g& gã~o OZnXo{h nmbo{V dm Ahmo{g& Ûmg{Îm {dg¶§ AÁPm¶{V& V¸${gbo{h
a³I{V, {dZ¶oZ "{V nmbr' {V& {d‚mm {dZ¶oZ gmo^{V& {dñg{d‚mmb¶oZ AZwVa§ {g³Im ‘wÎmo{h gã~ bmoHo$[ñ‘§&
V§ g‘¶oZ ^mgoñg {bnr¶§ H$mbo Yå‘{bnr dwƒ{V&
BX§{n bmoHo${h Vñg ^mgmñg OZ^mgm, bmoH$^mgm M
a{Æ>¶§ ^mgm M dXo{h nm{b ^mgm nM{bVmo {V& {Zñgm¶
{dñgg Am{OdHo$Z AmJÀN>{V AÁPV§ AÁPm¶{V
{g³ImnX§ nÄM IÝYH$mo hr g§gmoYH$mo AmJV§ {V BËdao{h
{dñg{d‚mmb¶mo Añgmo{g, Vpñ‘¨ gã~o {dñg{d‚mmb¶ogw
ÄmmUo{h gånmXoW&

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Vñg {dñg{d‚mmb¶mo {g³ImnXo gm{hƒ, H$boZ M gå~moY{V& g^mn{V M Ûmanmbmo C³H$sZVmo aÄÄmmoñg
{dÄÄmmUmo JÀN>pÝV&
n{Vnm{V Ahmo{g& {dñg{d‚mmb¶oZ ndogVmo ÛmanmboZ
Ûo) ZmbÝXm {dñg{d‚mmb¶mo
{IÆ>nwã~§ gVgVH§$ V§ VVmo{IÆ> ~mag ghñgmo H$amopÝV& Vog§ g‘¶oZ gÆ>mo Ûmanmbmo Ahmo{g&
H$mboZ ¶Wmna§ {dñgg nm{MZ {dñg{d‚mmb¶mo Zm‘o
{h {H${ÎmgÔmo Ahmo{g& V§ {dñg{d‚mmb¶ñg R>mno{V MVw) AmoXÝVnwar (CXÝVnwar) {dñg{d‚mmb¶mo
{IÆ>nwã~o{h gVgVHo$Z dñgmo{g aÄÄmmo gH$mam{Xƒmo hñgo nmb Hw$bJmoVo{h gÝWmnH$mo ‘hmaÄÄmmo Jmonmb§
{h R>mnoËdm {V& ZmbÝXm nXogmo ZmbÝXm {dñg{d‚mmb¶mo na§ AÝVaoZ

{~hmagar’$ {ZJ‘mo gpÝVHo$ AmoXÝVnwar {dñg{d‚mmb¶ñg

~mag gVHo$Z n{VR>mno{V& ‘hmnpÊS>Vmo {^³Iw n^mH$a V§
{dñg{d‚mmb¶ñg Hw$bn{V Ahmo{g&

ZmbÝXm {dñg{d‚mmb¶oZ gÎm CƒV‘ ^wVbm nÄM) dëëm{^ {dñg{d‚mmb¶mo
dg{V& {dhmaoZ g§Kmam‘ Ahmo{g& VVmo AmM[a¶oZ M VVmo {IÆ> nÄMgV H$V§ ~mañg gVH§$ BY§
Am{OdH$mo ‘wÎm§ MVw ^wVmboZ dg{VJoh§ dgo{V& Xg
ghñgoZ Am{OdH$mo {Zdmgo{V M EH$mo nÄM gVH§$ {dñg{d‚mmb¶mo {hZ¶mZ npÝW¶ñg ‘hV‘ Ho$ÝX
AmM[a¶mo {Zdm{gËdm Ahmo{g& EH$mo ghñgmo AÁPmnH$mo
{Vgmo {dg¶§ AÁPm¶{V AÁPmnZ{V& Ed nÄMgVH§$ Zm‘o{h {dH${gV§ {V& JwÎm Hw$bJmoÎmoZ goZr¶§ goZmnVr
AÁPmnH$mo {dg{V {dg¶§ AÁPm¶{V' {V& VoZ Imo nZ
g‘¶oZ {dñg{d‚mmb¶ñg Hw$bn{V ‘hmWoamo grb^Ô§ ^ÅmaH$ñg ‘oÎmH$ aÄÄmmo d§gr¶ amOYmZr dëb^r JwOamW
Ahmo{g& MVwgÇ>r H$boZ, M AÇ>Xg {d‚mm AÁPm¶Z§ OZnXo{h EVa{h {dñg {d‚mmb¶mo n{VÇ>mno{V& dëb^r
AÁPm{¶V§ ‘wÎmo{h AÁPV§ IÝYH$mo Ahmo{g&
{dñg{d‚mmb¶oZ AmM[a¶mo ~wÜXnmbrV Eñg Hw$bn{V
V{V¶) {d¸$‘{gbm {dñg{d‚mmb¶mo Ahmo{g &
nmbd§gr¶ aÄÄmmo Yå‘nmboZ ZmbÝXo{h AÝVaoZ
{d³H$‘{gbm {dñg{d‚mmb¶ñg VVmo {IÆ>§ ZdgVHo$Z
R>mno{V& {d³H$‘{gbm {dñg{d‚mmb¶oZ ÛogV§{dg{Æ>
Jã^o{h {V& V§ {dñg{d‚mmb¶oZ n‘wImoñg g^mn{V

w N>Æ>) OJXb {dñg{d‚mmb¶mo
y VVmo{IÆ> EH$ ghñgmo gVgV{V V§ EH$mo ghñgmo
EH$gVH§$ {dg{V ¶Wmna§ nm{MZ ~§Jmbmo AÝVaoZ ~þÕÄmmUñg

54 JJJJJJJJJJJJ
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n‘wI npÀN>‘mo ‘hV‘ Ho$ÝX OJXb {dñg{d‚mmb¶ñg

Zm‘o {h {H${ÎmgÔmo {V& V§ {dñg{d‚mmb¶ñg n{VR>mno{V

nmbd§g$Hw$bo{h aÄÄmmo am‘nmb B‘o{h {IÆ VVmo EH$
ghñgmo gVgV{V ‘o R>mno{V& AmM[a¶ ‘mo³IH$maJwÎm
Eñg {dñg{d‚mmb¶ñg Hw$bn{V Ahmo{g&

(g§X^©-g§H${bV)

{IÆ>nwã~§- Bgdr gZmnydu, {¼ñVnyd© eãXmW©
{Zñg¶{V ({d.)- AmYm[aV
{H${ÎmgÔmo ({d.)- {H$Vu‘mZ, d¡^dg§nÞ g“{ZH$m ({d.)- $g‘mO, OZVm
dwƒ{V ({H«$.)- gm§JVmo, ~mobVmo, åhUVmo JmadoZ JmoadmpÝdV- à{gÕr
AmJV§ ({d.)- ¶oUo {Zñgm¶ ({d.)- ˶m‘wio
{ZJ‘ (nw.)- eha VVmo {IÆ> - Bgdr gZm‘ܶo
‘wÎmo{h ({d.)- ‘mo’$V, {dZm‘yë¶ R>mno{VËdm (nyd©.{d.)- ñWmnZ H$éZ
~hþñgwVmo ({d.)- n§S>rV, ‘hmn§S>rV AZwËma§- gdm©oÎm‘
^wVb (nw.)- ‘Obo gm{hƒ- gm{h˶
doV{ZH$- ewëH$, ’§$S> ^½Jmo{V ([H«$.)- Zï> H$aUo, Zme H$aUo
R>mno{V ({d.) - ñWmnÝm H$aUo {dg¶ ({d.)- {df¶
‘h„ (nw.)- ‘hmZ AÁPm¶{V ({d.)- {ejU KoUo
gÝWmnH$mo ({d.)- g§ñWmnH$ ^Vm {h ^VHo$Z ({H«$) ^moOZmH$[aVm
AñggmaoZ ({H«$.)- AmídmgZ XoUo n¶moOZ ({H$.)- à¶moOZ, ì¶dñWm
EVa{h ({d.)- AmVm ndogÝVo- àdoe KoUo
{Zã~{V ({d.)- {Z‘m©U H$aUo JZZ§ ({d.) {JZVr H$aUo, ‘moOUo
n{VÆ>mnoËdm (nyd©.H¥$.) àñWm{nV H$ê$Z
npÝW¶ñg- n§Wr¶m§Zm
{‘VH$- {‘Ì

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ñdmܶm¶

1. Imbrb àíZm§Mr CËVao {bhm. 2. ¶mo½¶ OmoS>çm bmdm.
1) Vjerbm {dÚmnrR>mMr {ejU nÕVr ñnï> H$am?
2) Zmb§Xm {dÚmnrR>mMr WmoS>³¶mV ‘m{hVr {bhm? "A' JQ> "~' JQ>
3) {dH«$‘erbm {dÚmnrR>mMr WmoS>³¶mV ‘m{hVr {bhm
4) AmoXÝVnwar {dÚmnrR>mMr WmoS>³¶mV ‘m{hVr {bhm? 1) V¸${gbm {dñg{d‚mmb¶mo A) ‘oÎmH$aÄÄmmo
5) d„^r {dÚmnrR>mMr WmoS>³¶mV ‘m{hVr {bhm?
6) OJÔb {dÚmnrR>mMr WmoS>³¶mV ‘m{hVr {bhm? 2) ZmbÝXm {dñg{d‚mmb¶mo ~) Yå‘nmbaÄÄmmo

3) {d¸$‘{gbm {dñg{d‚mmb¶mo H$) Am{§ ^nÎw mmo V³IH$

4) d„{^ {dñg{d‚mmb¶mo S>) am‘nmb aÄÄmmo

5) OJÔb {dñg{d‚mmb¶mo B) gH$mam{Xƒmo hñg

B©) Jmonmb§ aÄÄmmo

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nmMrZ {dñg{d‚mmb¶m{Z Zm‘ qH$ ApËW $A.$H«$. aÄÄmmoñg Zm‘mo {Z{å‘{V

d„{^ Hw$bn{V Zm‘ 1 Am§{^aÄÄmmonwÎmmo V³IH$
4. Vº$m nyU© H$am.
2 gH$mam{Xƒmo aÄÄmmo
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A.H«$. {dñg{d‚mmb¶ 4 Jmonmb§ aÄÄmmo
5 am‘nmb aÄÄmmo
1 ZmbÝXm 6 ‘oÎmH$aÄÄmmo

2 V¸${gbm

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AR>am {dÚm(AÆ>mXg {d‚mm) g‘m« Q> AemHo $mZ§ r ñWmnZ H$o bëo ¶m 23 {dÚmnrR>mM§ r Zmdo
1. A“{d‚mm = emar[aH$ ì¶m¶m‘ {df¶H$ {dÚm 1. B.g.nyd©({¼ñVnyd©) 284 C‚moZ {dÚmnrR> (‘h|ÐmÀ¶m
2. dËWw{d‚mm = ^y{‘ñne© ì¶m¶m‘ {df¶H$ {dÚm
3. a¶V{d‚mm = emgZ{df¶H$ (gÎmm {‘idʶm{df¶H$ OÝ‘{XZr ñWmnZ)
2. B.g.nyd 282- gm§Mr {dÚmnrR> (g§K{‘ÌmÀ¶m
{dÚm
4. {gd{d‚mm = gwajm {df¶H$ {dÚm OÝ‘{XZr ñWmnZm)
5. ^yV{d‚mm = ^m¡{VH$ n[apñWVr{df¶H$ kmZ 3. B.g.ndy © 280- Vj{ebm {dÚmnrR>(ñWmnZm, {dH$mg
6. ^y[a{d‚mm = ^yJ^©{df¶H$ kmZ
7. A{h{dOm = gn© {df¶H$ {dÚm. d OrUmÕ} ma)
8. {dg{d‚mm = {df, Oha {df¶H$ kmZ 4. B.g.nyd© 279- Jm§Yma {dÚmnrR>
9. {dpÀN>H$ {d‚mm = ‘ZmVrb BÀN>m{df¶H$ ‘Zmo{dkmZ 5. B.g.nyd© 270- Zmb§Xm {dÚmnrR>
10. ‘y{gH${d‚mm = C§{Xa{df¶H$ kmZ 6. B.g.nyd© 268- AmoXÝVnwar {dÚmnrR> ({~hma)
11. gHw$U{d‚mm = nú¶m~ÔbMo kmZ 7. B.g.nyd© 266- gmaZmW {dÚmnrR>
12. dm¶g{d‚mm = H$mdù¶m{df¶H$ kmZ 8. B.g.nyd© 265- ‘Wwam {dÚmnrR>
13. {VaÀN>mZ{d‚mm = OZmdao new{df¶H$ kmZ 9. B.g.nyd© 264- XÝVnya {dÚmnrR>
14. {‘ÀN>mOrdm{d‚mm= MHw $sÀ¶m AWmÀ© ¶m eãXmMo 10. B.g.nyd© 260- ZmJam {dÚmnrR> (Jm|{X¶m {Oëhm)
11. B.g.nyd© 260- ndZr {dÚmnrR> (^§S>mam {Oëhm)
‘ëy ¶‘mnZ {df¶H$ kmZ 12. B.g.nyd© 258- lrZJa(H${ZîH$nya) {dÚmnrR>
15. Añg {d‚mm = AídmamohU {df¶H$ kmZ 13. B.g.nyd© 257- {JaZma {dÚmnrR> (JwOamV)
16. ZmJAmamohU (hpËWAmamohU) {d‚mm = hÎmrñdmar 14. B.g.nyd© 256- EamJwS>r {dÚmnrR>
15. B.g.nyd© 255- JwÝQy>a {dÚmnrR>
{df¶H$ kmZ 16. B.g.nyd© 250- ~moYJ¶m {dÚmnrR>
17. YZJw hU {d‚mm = ‘Hy $, gmH§ $o {VH$ IUw m {df¶H$ kmZ 17. B.g.nyd© 245- OJÔbnya {dÚmnrR>
18. MobH${d‚mm = ¶wÕH$bo{df¶H$ {dÚm. 18. B.g.ndy © 243- H$mg¡ å~r {dÚmnrR>(Abmhm~mX {Oëhm)
19. B.g.ndy 2© 40- {dH$« ‘erbm {dÚmnrR> (^mJbnay {~hma)
(g§X^©- XrK{ZH$m¶, gm‘ÄÄm’$bgwÎm,‘hmgrb) 20. B.g.nyd© 239- AdÝVr {dÚmnrR>
21. B.g.nyd© 238- nmoV{ZH$ ({nViImoam) {dÚmnrR>
22. B.g.nyd© 237- nwÊS>[aH$ (n§T>anya) {dÚmnrR>
23. B.g.nyd© 236- H$mabo (H$mbm©) {dÚmnrR>

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MVwgÆ H$bm¶mo (Mm¡gï> H$bm) 64 H$bm

1. hpÎW¶wÕ = hÎmrda gdmar, ‘mhÿV{df¶H$ ¶wÕH$bm. 33. H$X{b{‘ nda#mËWaU§ = ‘m¶mdr, gmJ| H$aʶmMr H$bm.
2. Añg¶wÕ = KmoS>çmdê$Z ¶wÕ H$aʶmMr H$bm. 34. CÀN>mXZ§ n[a‘Ôb = A§J MmoiUo, ‘m{be H$aʶmMr
3. ‘{Xg¶wÕ = emar[aH$ ‘m{be H$aʶm{df¶rMr H$bm.
4. Cg^¶wÕ = ~¡bm§Mr Pw§O, ¶wÕ {df¶H$ H$bm. H$bm.
5. AO¶wÕ = ~H$è¶m§Mr Pw§O {df¶H$ H$bm. 35. ‘Iw MÊw U§ ‘Iw bno Z§ = ‘Iw dQ>m, Mho ao aJ§ {dʶmMr H$bm.
6. ‘oÊS>¶wÕ = ‘|T>çm§Mr P§wO {df¶H$ H$bm. 36. hËW~ÝY {gIm~ÝYXÊS>§ = ^wOm§Zm ~mdQ>o ~m§YʶmMr
7. Hw$³H$Q>¶wÕ = H$m|~S>çm§Mr Pw§O {df¶H$ H$bm.
8. dÆ>H$¶wÕ = ñWybnUm H$‘r H$aʶmMr H$bm. H$bm.
9. XÊS>¶wÕ = AnamY/ JwÝhm{df¶H$ H$bm. 37. Zm{bH§$$ = Zmbr{df¶H$ H$bm.
10. ‘wÆ>r¶wÕ = ‘yR> ‘maʶm{df¶H$ (Nw>‘§Va ) H$bm. 38. A{g = Vëmdma~mOr {df¶H$ H$bm.
11. {Zã~w¶wÕ§ = nmohʶmMr H$bm. 39. amOH$#m = amOm ~ZʶmMr H$bm.
12. Cæ¶mo{YH$ = bT>mB©{df¶H$ H$bm. 40. MmoaH$W§ = Mmoar H$aʶmMr H$bm.
13. ~b½J = g¡Ý¶~b, g¡{ZH$ {df¶H$ H$bm. 41. ^¶H$W§ = {^Vr {Z‘m©U H$aʶmMr H$bm.
14. I{bH§$ = KmoS>çmMr bJm‘ {df¶H$ H$bm 42. AÞH$W§ = ^moOZ V¶ma H$aʶmMr H$bm.
43. nmZH$W = nmUr {nʶmMr H$bm.
(KmoS>oñdmar) 44. dËWH$W§ = dó V¶ma H$aʶmMr H$bm.
15. K{Q>H§$ = ‘mVrMo ^m§S>o V¶ma H$aʶm{df¶rMr H$bm. 45. JÝYH$W§ = gwJ§{YV AÎma V¶ma H$aʶmMr H$bm.
16. gbmH$hËW = Vra MmbdʶmMr H$bm. 46. A“{Z{‘V§ CßnmV = hdoV da CS>ʶmMr H$bm.
17. A³I§n“Mra§ = bú¶doY, OwJma H$bm. 47. gw{nZb³IU§ = ñdßZ§mMm AW© gm§JʶmMr H$bm.
18. d‘H$ = ‘mgo, Ji{df¶H$ H$bm. 48. ‘w{gH$pÀN>Þ§ = C§Xra nH$S>ʶmMr H$bm.
19. ‘mo³I{MH$ = ‘wº$s {‘i{dʶm{df¶H$ H$bm. 49. Ap½Jhmo‘ = A¾r bmdʶmMr H$bm.
20. {M“{bH$ = MH$dm, ñdV…^modVr {’$aʶmMr H$bm. 50. Xpã~hmo‘§ = dmñVy ^{dî¶ H$bm.
21. nVmùhH$ = ÜdO g§MmbZ H$bm. 51. Wwghmo‘§ = AmnmoAmn A{¾ bmdʶmMr H$bm,
22. aWH§$ = aW Mmb{dʶmMr H$bm.
23. YZwH§$ = YZwî¶ Mmb{dʶmMr H$bm. ^wgm H$aUo.
24. A³I[aH$ = jUmYm©V Vra ‘maʶmMr H$bm. 52. H$Uhmo‘§ = Ymݶ ’o$Hy$Z ^{dî¶ gm§JʶmMr H$bm.
25. ‘Z{gH$ = ‘ZH$dS>m, Xþgè¶mÀ¶m ‘ZmVrb 53. V§Xþahmo‘§ = Vm§Xyi ’o$Hy$Z ^{dî¶ gm§JʶmMr H$bm.
54. gpßnhmo‘§ = gmn nH$S>ʶmMr H$bm.
AmoiIʶmMr H$bm. 55. ‘wIhmo‘§ = Moham nmhÿZ ^{dî¶ gm§JʶmMr H$bm.
26. AmgmpÝXnëbH$ JmoUH§$ = IMy uda Iio ʶmMr H$bm. 56. bm{o hVhm‘o § = nmʶmnmgZy aº$ V¶ma H$aʶmMr H$bm.
27. {MÎmH§$ n{Q>H§$ nQ>{bH§$ = bmoH$arMo dó V¶ma 57. ‘{Ub³IU§ = aËZ, H$U©^yfU H$bm.
58. gËWb³IU§= eó Mmb{dʶmMr H$bm.
H$aʶmMr H$bm. 59. Cgwb³IU§ = Vra Mmb{dʶmMr H$bm.
28. {dH${Q>H§$ CÔbmo{‘ = {d{H«$Mr H$bm. 60. JmoYmb³IU§ = KmoanS> nH$S>ʶmMr H$bm.
29. H${Q>ñg H$mo[a¶ñg§ Hw$VH§$= ‘Q>H$ʶmMr, H$‘a 61. hZwZßnZ§ = Moham, ‘wIdQ>m ~Xb{dʶmMr H$bm.
62. ‘hVwnÆ>mZ = ‘moR>onUm {gÕ H$aʶmMr H$bm.
bMH${dʶmMr H$bm. 63. XmaH${V{H$ÀN>m = dYwda narjm H$aʶmMr H$bm.
30. hËWËWa§ = hmV, hñV nmhʶmMr H$bm. 64. gmbm{H$¶§ gëbH${Q>¶§ = S>mùo ¶mV gBw ,© giB© KmbʶmMr
31. aWËWa§ = aW Mmb{dʶmMr H$bm.
32. A{OZßndo{U = ~H$è¶m§Mr Pw§O bmdʶmMr H$bm. H$bm.(gX§ ^© = XrK{ZH$m¶, gm‘ÄÄm’$bgÎw m)§

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nn nn
w 2) nQ>mMmam Woar AnXmZ§ w
y
àñVmdZm y
n
WoarJmWm J«§W àmMrZ H$mbrZ AWm©V ~wÕmÀ¶m H$mimVrb {ó¶m§À¶m ñdmV§Í¶mMm XñVmEodO åhUyZn
ng§~moYbm OmVmo. ¶m J«§WmV EHy$U 73 WoatMo ˶m§Mo ñdV…Mo AZw^d A§{H$V Ho$bobo AmhoV. ¶m 73 Woatn¡H$s nQ>mMmam
Woar hr EH$ Woar hmo¶. nQ>mMmamMm OÝ‘ lmdñVrVrb EH$m lr‘§V, g§nÝZ, Iyn YZdmZ Hw$imV Pmbm. VméʶmVn
Amë¶mda Vr EH$m 춳Vr~amo~a {ZKyZ Joë¶mZ§Va H$mhr {Xdgm§Zr {VMm nVr, XmoÝhr ‘wbo, AmB©, dS>rb d ^mD$ ho
gd© OU ‘¥Ë¶y nmdVmV. ˶m‘wio Vr A{Ve¶ Xþ…Ir, qMVrV, H¥$e, AZmW hmoD$Z BH$S>o-{VH$S>o ^Q>H$V AgVmZm
~wÕm§H$S>o OmVo. AënmdYrVM ~wÕmÀ¶m CnXoemZo Vr àd‚mrV hmoD$Z Aah§VnX àmá H$aVo.

nQ>mMmam WoarZo Amnë¶m OrdZmZw^dmMo, ì¶Wm§Mo dU©Z ¶m H${dVoV Ho$bobo Amho. VgoM ˶mH$mir gwÜXm
nwéfm§à‘mUoM {ó¶mgwÜXm Aah§VnX àmá H$ê$Z bmoH$godm H$arV AgV. hm ór-nwéf g‘mZVoMm g§Xoe ¶m nÚ
KQ>H$mVyZ {Xbobm AgyZ hm nÚKQ>H$ nm{b AnXmZ ¶m J«§WmVyZ KoVbobm Amho.

"" àJVrgmR>r d Xþ³I‘w³VrgmR>r ór-nwê$f Agm qbJ^oX Z H$aVm bmoH$godogmR>r g§YrMr g‘mZVm, ^mfU
d A{^춳Vr ñdmV§Í¶ àmá H$ê$Z XoUo.''

""npÀN>‘o M ^do Xm{Z, OmVm go{Æ>Hw$bo Ah§&
gmdpËW¶§ nwadao, BÕo ’$sVo ‘hÕZo''&&1&&

""¶Xm M ¶moã~ZynoVm, {dV¸$dgJm Ah§&
Za§ OmanqV {Xñdm, VoZ gqÕ AmJÀN>h§''&&2&&

""EH$nwÎmngyVmh§, Xþ{V¶mo Hw$pÀN>¶m ‘‘§&
VXmh§ ‘mVm{nVamo, Amo³Im‘r{V gw{ZpÀN>Vm''&&3&&

""ZmamoMoqg nqV ‘æh§, VXm Vpåh ndm{gVo&
E[H$H$m {Z½JVm Johm, JÝVw§ gmdpËW‘wÎm‘§''&&4&&

JJJJJJJJJJJJ 58 JJJJJJJJJJJJ

""VVmo ‘o gm{‘ AmJÝËdm, gå^mdo{g nWo ‘‘§&
VXm ‘o H$å‘Om dmVm, CßnÞm A{VXmê$Um''&&5&&

""C{Æ>Vmo M ‘hm‘oKmo, ngy{Vg‘¶o ‘‘&
Xã~ËWm¶ VXm JÝËdm, gm{‘ gßnoZ ‘m[aVmo''&&6&&

""VXm {dOmVXþ³IoZ,AZmWm H$nUm Ah§ &
Hw$ÞqX ny[aV§ {Xñdm, JÀN>ÝVr gHw$bmb¶§''&&7&&

""~mb§ AmXm¶ AV[a¨, nmaHy$bo M EH$H§$&
gm¶oËdm ~mbH§$ nwÎm§, BVa§ VaUm¶h§''&&8&&

""{ZdÎmm C³Hw$gmo hm{g, VéU§ {dbnÝVH§$& (g§X^©-WoarJmWm AÆ>H$Wm)
BVa#m dhr gmoVmo, gmh§ gmoH$g‘pßnVm''&&9&&

""gmdpËWZJa§ JÝËdm,Añgmoqg gOZo ‘Vo&
VXm AdmoM§ gmoH$Å>m, ‘hmgmoH$g‘pßnVm''&&10&&

""C^mo nwÎmm H$mb‘Vm,nÝWo ‘æh§ nVr ‘Vmo&
‘mVm {nVm M ^mVm M, EH${MVpåh S>æhao''&&11&&

""VXm {H$gm M nÊSw> M, AZmWm XrZ‘mZgm&
BVmo VVmo ^‘ÝVrh§, AÔg§ Zagma[W§''&&12&&

""VVmo AdmoM ‘§ gËWm, nwÎmo ‘m gmo{M Añgg&
AÎmmZ§ Vo Jdogñgw, qH$ {ZaËW§ {dhÄÄm{g''&&13&&

""Z gpÝV nwÎmm VmUm¶, Z ÄmmVr Z{n ~ÝYdm&
AÝVHo$Zm{YnÄmñg, ZpËW ÄmmVrgw VmUVm''&&14&&

""V§ gwËdm ‘w{ZZmo dm³¶§, nR>‘§ ’$b‘ÁPJ§ &
nã~{OËdmZ Z{Ma§, AahÎm‘nmnwqU''&&15&&

eãXmW©

npÀN>‘o ({d.)- Z§Va Vpåh ({H«$¶m.)- $˶m§Zm Xe©H$dmMH$
^do ({H«$¶m.)- Pmbr/ hmoUo ndo{gVo >({H«$¶m.)- àdoe H$aUo
Xm{Z ({d.{H«$) - AmVm gm{‘ (nw.)- Zdam
‘hÕZo ({d.)-gnÞ E{H$H$m(ór)- EH$mH$s, EH$Q>r
BÕo ($H¥$XÝV.)- g‘¥Õ {Z½JVm (H¥$)- ~mhoa Jobobm
¶moã~ZynoVm (nw.)- VméʶmV Amë¶mda CßnÞm ($$H¥$XÝV.)- CËnÞ Pmbobm
OmanqV (nw.)- ì¶{^Mmar namdVuV AVXméUm ({d.)- ^¶§H$a, ^¶mZH$
(B§J«OrV AW© epº$‘mZ Agm Amho) ‘m[aVm- ‘mabm Jobm
Hw$ÞqX -(ór.) bhmZ, IiIiUmar ZXr
{Xñdm- nmhÿZ gHw$bmb¶§({d.)- AmB© dS>rb, ZmVodmB©H$m§Mo Ka
ZmamoMoqg ({H«$¶m.)- Z gm§JVm

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AZmWm(Znw§.)- {ZamYma {H$gm({d.)- qMVmH«$m§V, X‘bobr
C^mo(gd©Zm‘)- XmoÝhr nÊSw>({d.)- {ndir
{dhÄÄm{g ({H«$¶m.)- ^Q>H$bm {XZ‘mZgm(Zn§w.)- Jar~, Xþ…Ir
Jdogñgw({H«$¶m.)- emoY KoVbm nm{hOo C¸w$gmo(nw.)- ‘mgo ‘méZ ImUmam njr
VmUm¶(Znw.)- eaU/g§ajU dhr(H¥$.)- dm{hbobo
~ÝYdm(nw.)- ZmVo/ZmVbJ gmoVmo(nw.)- lmoV, àdmh
gm¶oËdm(nyd©.{H«$.)- Camer Yê$Z H$mb‘Vm - ‘¥Ë¶y nmdbo

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ñdmܶm¶

1. Imbrb àíZm§Mr CËVao {bhm. ~)
Xþ³IoZ {Zñgm¶ nQ>mMmam qH$ ^d{V&
1) nQ>mMmam WoarMm OrdZd¥Îmm§V {bhm.
AZmWm
2) VWmJVmZo nQ>mMmamÀ¶m Xþ…ImMo {ZdmaU H$go
Ho$bo Vo {bhm. 4) Imbrb JmWmVrb nyd©H$mbdmMH$ A춶 emoYyZ
aoImOmio nyU© H$am.
3) nQ>mMmam WoarÀ¶m OrdZmVrb Xw…IX àg§JmVyZ
Vwåhr H$moUVm ~moY ¿¶mb Vo Vw‘À¶m eãXm§V ""VVmo ‘o gm{‘ AmJÝËdm, gå^mdo{g nWo ‘‘§&
{bhm. VXm ‘o H$å‘Om dmVm, CßnÞm A{VXmê$Um &&5&&

2. ¶mo½¶ OmoS>çm bmdm. ""C{Æ>Vmo M ‘hm‘oKmo, ngy{Vg‘¶o ‘‘&
Xã~ËWm¶ VXm JÝËdm, gm{‘ gßnoZ ‘m[aVmo &&6&&
"A' JQ> "~' JQ>
""VXm {dOmVXþ³IoZ,AZmWm H$nUm Ah§ &
1) ""npÀN>‘o M ^do Xm{Z A) Xw{V¶m Hw$pÀN>¶m ‘‘§& Hw$ÞqX ny[aV§ {Xñdm, JÀN>ÝVr gHw$bmb¶§ &&7&&

2) ""EH$nwÎm ngwVmh§ ~) Z ÄmmVr Z{n ~ÝYdm& ""~mb§ AmXm¶ AV[a¨, nmaHy$bo M EH$H§$ &
gm¶oËdm ~mbH§$ nwÎm§, BVa§ VaUm¶h§ &&8&&
3) ""~mb§ AmXm¶ AV[a¨ H$) OmVm go{Æ>Hw$bo Ah§&
nyd©
4) ""C^mo nwÎmm H$mb‘Vm S>) nmaHw$bo M EH$H§$& H$mb
dmMH$ AmXm¶
5) ""Z gpÝV nwÎmm VmUm¶ B) nÝWo ‘æh§ nVr ‘Vmo& A춶

’$) AahÝV‘nmnw{U&

3. OmiaoIm{MÌ nyU© H$am.

A)

nQ>mMmañg ÄmmVr~mÝYdm

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n nn n[a{gÆ>§ EH§$- doæ`mH$aU (ì`mH$aU) n
Z

n

n
Z

n

n
1) ga§ M ì¶ÄOZ§ M d{½JH$aU§

(ñda Am{U 춧OZ dJuH$aU)

ga (ñda)
nm{b ^mfo‘ܶo AmR> ñda AmhoV - A, Am, B, B©, C, D$, E, Amo.

ñdam§Mo VrZ ^mJm§‘ܶo dJuH$aU H$aʶmV ¶oVo.

1) añg ga AWm©V èhñd ñda - A, B, C

2) XrK ga AWm©V XrK© ñda - Am, B©, D$

3) ‘pÁP‘ ga AWm©V ‘ܶ‘ ñda - E, Amo

ì¶ÄOZ (춧OZ)

nH$mamo d½Jmo H$R>moa ‘wXþ AZwZm{gH$

1. H$ÊR>ç H$ - d½Jmo H$, I J, K L> (.)
2. Vmbì¶ M - d½Jmo M, N> O, P Äm (.)
3. ‘wթݶ Q> - d½Jmo Q>, R> S>, T> U (.)
4. XÝ˶ V- d½Jmo V, W X, Y Z (.)
5. AmoîR>ç n - d½Jmo n, ’$ ~, ^ ‘ (.)
6. AÝV ¶, a, b, d, i
7. Cî‘mja g
8. àmUÜdZr h
9. {Z½JhrV A§ (.)

dÊU‘mbm (dU©‘mbm)

Amnë¶m ‘wImVyZ Oo ‘yi ÜdZr ~mhoa nS>VmV ˶m§Zm dÊU (dU©) Ago åhUVmV. nm{b ^mfo‘ܶo 8 ñda Am{U
33 춧OZo AmhoV. Ago EHy$U 41 dU© AmhoV.

gan[adÎmZ§ (ñda n[adV©Z)

1) ‘amR>rVrb qH$dm g§ñH¥$VmVrb G$, F$, b¥, Eo, Am¡, A: ho ñda nm{b ^mfoV AmT>iV ZmhrV. "F$' EodOr H$mhr
{R>H$mUr "A,' H$mhr {R>H$mUr "B' Am{U H$mhr {R>H$mUr "C' hmoVmo.
F$ EodOr A - H¥${f - H${g, K¥V - KV, ‘¥V - ‘V, l¥§Ibm - g§Ibm B˶mXr
F$ EodOr B - H¥${‘ - {H$‘r, F$U- BU, l¥§J - qgJ, V¥U - {VU, B˶mXr
F$ EodOr C - F$Vw - CVw, F$f^ - Cg^, ‘¥Xþ -‘wXþ, ‘¥fm - ‘wgm B˶mXr

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w w
y y

2) b¥ - ‘amR>rV qH$dm g§ñH¥$VmV ’$ma ³d{MVM {R>H$mUr AmT>iVmo. w w
nm{b ^mfoV ˶mMm gd©Wm A^md Amho.
Z Z
3) Eo EodOr E hmoVmo - V¡b - Vob, EoamdV- EamdV, e¡b - gob, d¡emI - dogmI B˶mXr
Eo EodOr B hmoVmo - E¡íd¶© - Bñg[ad, g¡ÝYd - {gÝYd, d¡^d - {d^d B˶mXr. y y

4) Am¡ EodOr Amo hmoVmo - Am¡fY - AmogY, Jm¡V‘ -JmoV‘, nm¡a -nmoa, Am¡Xm[aH$ - AmoXm[aH$ B˶mXr
Am¡ EodOr A hmoVmo - gm¡å¶ - gå‘
Am¡ EodOr Am hmoVmo - Jm¡ad - Jmad
Am¡ EodOr C hmoVmo - ‘m¡{ÎmH$- ‘w{ÎmH$, Am¡YËd - CÕÀM, Am¡Ëgw³¶ - Cñgw³H§$

2) ì¶ÄOZ n[adÎmZ§ (춧OZ n[adV©Z)

1) nm{b‘ܶo e Am{U f ho ÜdZr ZmhrV. ˶mEodOr "g' Mm Cn¶moJ Ho$bm OmVmo.
(e, f), g - eof - gog, AmH$me - AmH$mg, (e, f, N>) - emdH$ -N>mdH$, fîR> - N>Æ>.

2) nm{b ^mfoV H$moUVohr nX hbÝV AWm©V 춧OZmÝV ZgVo.
^Jdm (Z²) - ^Jdm, JwUdm (Z²) - JwUdm, ¶m d (V²) - ¶md {dXçw(V²)- {dÁOw, níMm(V²) - nÀN>m.

3) nm{b ^mfoV AÝ˶ ‘ À¶m ñWmZr Zoh‘r AZwñdma (.)AgVmo.
{MÎm‘² - {MÎm§, g˶‘² -gÀM§, VrW©‘² - {VËW§

4) nm{b^mfoV {dgJm©Mm (:) à¶moJ hmoV Zmhr. g§ñH$¥VmVrb AH$mamÝV nXmÀ¶m eodQ>r Omo {dgJ© AgVmo ˶mÀ¶m
OmJr nm{b‘ܶo "Amo' hmoVmo.
BVa {R>H$mUr {dgJm©Mm A^md AgVmo.
~wÕ:- ~wÕmo, H$: - H$mo, Ef - Egmo.

5) {dgJm©À¶m nwT>o Oa g, e, f Agob Va {dgJm©À¶m ñWmZr g hmoVmo.
Xþ:gh-Xþñgh, {Z:emoH$ - {ZñgmoH$.

6) nm{b^mfoV aH$ma ( «) Mm A^md Amho. CXm. ~«m÷U - ~m÷U, ~«÷ - ~÷m.
A) gd© {R>H$mUr g§¶w³V 춧OZmVrb a Mm bmon hmoVmo d Ambobm dU© X²{dËd nmdVmo.

H$‘© - H$å‘, H$U© -H$ÊU, nU© - nÊU, dU© - dÊU, dJ© -d½J, Y‘© -Yå‘, MH«$ - M³H$, gd© - gã~,
nd©V - nã~Vmo.
Am) ‘amR>r$qH$dm g§ñH¥$V‘Yrb eãXm§À¶m Ama§^r a ¶w³V OmoS>mja Agë¶mg nm{bV ˶m a Mm bmon hmoVmo. na§Vw
Cabobm dU© X²{dËd nmdV Zmhr.
àOm - nOm, J«m‘-Jm‘, {ච-{n¶, J«§W - J§ÝW àH$ma - nH$ma, àn§M- nn§M(nn#m)
B) ¶© ~Ôb [a¶ hmoVmo d ¶© ‘mJrb XrK© ñda èhñd hmoVmo. CXm.
^m¶m© - ^[a¶m, gy¶© -gw[a¶, Am¶© - A[a¶, H$X¶© - H$X[a¶.
7) A) XrK© ñdamÀ¶m nwT>o g§¶w³V 춧OZ {H§$dm AZwñdma Amë¶mg XrK© ñda èhñd hmoVmo. CXm.

VrW-© {VËW,§ ‘mXd© -‘{Ôd,§ Bí© da - Bñga, ZXr‘² - ZqX, embåm² - gmb,§ H$w ‘© - H$åw ‘, namH$« ‘ - na³H$‘§
Am) èhñd ñdamdarb AZwñdmamMm bmon hmoD$Z Vmo èhñd ñda XrK© hmoVmo d XrK© ñdamda AZwñdma Ambm Agob

Va Vmo XrK© ñda èhñd hmoVmo. CXm.
qgh- grh, qde{V - drg{V, ‘m§g- ‘§g, nm§ew -nm§gy.
8) nXmVrb Am{X j Mm I hmoVmo. CXm. jra-Ira, jo‘-Io‘
9) nXmVrb ‘ܶ j Mm H$mhr {R>H$mUr ³I Va H$mhr {R>H$mUr ÀN> hmoVmo.

JJJJJJJJJJJJ 62 JJJJJJJJJJJJ

X{jU - Xp³IU, ‘moj - ‘mo³I, nj -n³I>, A{j - ApÀN>$qH$dm Ap³I.
10) S>, T> Mm AZwH«$‘o i$qH$dm ùh hmoVmo. CXm.

JwS> - Jwi, Xm{S>‘ - Xm{i‘, fmoS>g - gmoig, H«$sS>m - H$sim, VS>mJ-VimH$, AmfmT> - Amgmùh.
11) OmoS>mjamV eodQ>Mo 춧OZ ‘², Z², ¶² qH$dm d² Agob Va ˶mMm bmon hmoVmo d Caboë¶m§Mo X²{dËd hmoVmo. ¶w½‘-

¶w½J, Z½Z - Z½J, gm¡å¶ - gå‘, AÜdm - AÕm. na§Vw ‘, Z, ¶, d ho dU© h er g§¶w³V AgVrb Va ˶mMm
bmon hmoV Zmhr. nU ‘, Z, ¶, d ~XbVo. gø - gæh, na§Vw ~«m÷U d ~«÷ ¶mEodOr ~m÷U, ~÷ hmoVmV.
~«m÷U Am{U ~«÷ ho eãX nm{b‘Yrb ZmhrV.

12) OmoS>mjamVrb d Mm ~ hmoVmo d ˶mMo X²{dËd hmoVo. CXm. gd©-gã~, nd©V -nã~V.
13) OmoS>mjam§Mo nm{b eãXmVrb BVa H$mhr ~X²Xb nwT>rb à‘mUo AmhoV.

A.H«$ OmoS>mja eãXma§^r eãXm‘ܶo
1) ˶, ϶, Xç, ܶ
M, N>, O, P ÀM, ÀN>, ÁO, ÁP
2) ñV, ñW, îR> ˶mJ - MmJ Z¥Ë¶ - ZÀM
3) œ, ßg, Ëg ¶w{V - Ow{V ‘Xç - ‘ÁO
ܶmZ - PmZ VËW - VÀN>

W, Q>, R>, Æ> AîR> - AÆ>
ñVw{V - Ww{V J¥hñW - JhÆ>
ñWmZ - R>mZ H$mîR> - H$Æ>

-- ÀN>,
AmíM¶© - AÀN>[a¶
4) îH$, ñH$, j I Aßgam - AÀN>am
5) j ñH$ÝY - IÝY
6) ñn, în jmpÝV - IpÝV dËg - dÀN>
7) ݶ, ʶ, k
N> ³I
8) îU jwãY - Nw>Õ {^jy - {^³Iy
ewîH$ - gw³I
’$
ñnXZ - ’$ÝXZ ÀN>
Bjw - CÀNw>
Äm
ݶm¶ - Ämm¶ ß’$
nwîn - nwß’$

ÄÄm
H$ݶm - H$ÄÄmm
àkm - nÄÄmm
Aaʶ - AaÄÄm

Êh
CîU - CÊh

w w
y y
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w 3) H$mi à˶¶ w

ZZ nƒwnÞH$mb (dV©‘mZH$mi) ZZ

nw[ag (nwéf) / dMZ yEH$dMZ y AZoH$dMZ
àW‘ nwéf (CÎm_ nw[ag)
(Ah§) {‘ (‘¶§) ‘
[ÛVr¶ nwéf (_pÁP_ nw[ag)
V¥Vr¶ nwéf (nR>_ nw[ag) (Ëd§) {g (Vwåho) W

(gmo, gm, V§) {V (Vo, Vm, Vm{Z) ApÝV

AVrVH$mb (^yVH$mi)

nw[ag (nwéf) / dMZ EH$dMZ AZoH$dMZ
àW‘ nwéf (C.nw.)
[ÛVr¶ nwéf (_.nw.) (Ah§) B§ (‘¶§) Båh
V¥Vr¶ nwéf (n.nw.)
(Ëd§) B (Vwåho) BËW
nw[ag (nwéf) / dMZ
àW‘ nwéf (C.nw.) (gmo, gm, V§) B (Vo, Vm, Vm{Z) B§gw, C§
[ÛVr¶ nwéf (_.nw.)
V¥Vr¶ nwéf (n.nw.) AZmJVH$mb (^{dî¶H$mi)

nw[ag (nwéf) / dMZ EH$dMZ AZoH$dMZ
àW‘ nwéf (C.nw.) (Ah§) Bñgm{‘ (‘¶§) Bñ‘m‘
[ÛVr¶ nwéf (_.nw.) (Ëd§) Bñg{g (Vwåho) BñgW
V¥Vr¶ nwéf (n.nw.) (gmo, gm, V§) Bñg{V (Vo, Vm, Vm{Z) BñgpÝV

nw[ag (nwéf) / dMZ AmkmW©
àW‘ nwéf (C.nw.)
[ÛVr¶ nwéf (_.nw.) EH$dMZ AZoH$dMZ
V¥Vr¶ nwéf (n.nw.) (Ah§) {‘ (‘¶§) ‘
(Ëd§) {h (Vwåho) W
(gmo, gm, V§) Vw (Vo, Vm, Vm{Z) AÝVw

{dܶW© AZoH$dMZ
(‘¶§) Eæ¶m‘
EH$dMZ (Vwåho) Eæ¶mW
(Ah§) Eæ¶m{‘ (Vo, Vm, Vm{Z) Eæ¶w§

(Ëd§) Eæ¶m{g

(gmo, gm, V§) E, Eæ¶

g§Ho$VmW©

nw[ag (nwéf) / dMZ EH$dMZ AZoH$dMZ
àW‘ nwéf (C.nw.) (Ah§) Bñg§ (‘¶§) Bñgåh
[ÛVr¶ nwéf (_.nw.) (Ëd§) Bñg (Vwåho) BñgW
V¥Vr¶ nwéf (n.nw.) (gmo, gm, V§) Bñg (Vo, Vm, Vm{Z) Bñg§gw

JJJJJJJJJJJJ 64 JJJJJJJJJJJJ

w 4) gÝYr w

EH$mnwT>o EH$ ¶oUmao OdiOdiMo dU© EH$Ì OmoS>ʶmÀ¶m àH$mamg "gÝYr' Ago åhUVmV.Z Z

nm{b‘ܶo VrZ àH$maÀ¶m gÝYr AmhoV - y y

1) ñda gÝYr 2) 춧OZ gÝYr 3) {Z½J{hV (AZwñdma) gÝYr

1) ñda gÝYr

XmoZ ñda EH$mnwT>o EH$ Agë¶mg Vo EH$‘oH$m§V {‘iyZ OmVmV. ˶mg ñdagÝYr åhUVmV. nm{b ^mfoVrb ñdagÝYr
{df¶mMo H$mhr à‘wI {Z¶‘ nwT>rbà‘mUo AmhoV.

1) A nmgyZ D$ n¶ªV ñdamnwT>o gOmVr¶ (åhUOo ˶mM àH$maMm) ñda Amë¶mg ˶m Xmohm|~Ôb EH$ XrK© ñda hmoVmo.

àH$ma CXmhaUo gÝYr àH$ma CXmhaUo gÝYr

A+A nZ + A¶§ nZm¶§ Am + A nmX + A{n nmXm{n
Am + Am VÊhm + AmHw$bm VÊhmHw$bm B+B
B + B© Z{h + B©{Xgmo Zhr{Xgmo CnÆ>hpÝV + B{V CnÆ>hÝVr{V
C + D$ ~hþ + D$ghZ ~hÿghZ C+C
~hþ + CnH$mamo ~hÿnH$mam

2) ñdamÀ¶m nwT>o ñda Amë¶mg XmoZ nXm§Mr gÝYr hmoVmZm ³d{MV n{hë¶m ñdamMm bmon hmoVmo.
nw[ag + CÎm‘mo ( = A+C>) = nw[agwÎm‘mo
{Zbm{Z + EH$m{Z ( = B + E) = {ZbmZoH$m{Z
VÌ+ B‘o (A +B) = V{Ì‘o
VËW + B‘o (A + B) = VpËW‘o
AÁO + CnmogWmo ( = A + C) = AÁOwnmogWmo
Egmo + Amdwgmo (= Amo + Am) = Egmdwgmo

3) ñdamÀ¶m nwT>o ñda Amë¶mg XmoZ nXm§Mr gÝYr hmoV AgVm ³d{MV nwT>À¶m ñdamMm bmon hmoVmo.
ê$³Imo + A{n (=Amo + A) = ê$³Imo{n
Xodmo + Apåh ( = Amo + A) = Xodmopåh
gmo + Ah§ (=Amo + A) = gmoh§
gmo + A{n ( = Amo + A) = gmo{n
MÎmmamo + B‘o (= Amo + B) = MÎmmamo‘o

4) ñdamÀ¶m nwT>o ñda Amë¶mg XmoZ nXm§Mr gÝYr hmoV AgVm H$Yr H$Yr Xmohm|n¡H$s EH$mhr ñdamMm bmon hmoV Zmhr.
H$ÄÄmm + Bd (= Am + B) = H$ÄÄmmBd
bVm + Bd (= Am + B) = bVmBd, bVod, bVmd

5) bmon Pmboë¶m ñdamnwT>o "B' Agob Va ˶mEodOr "E' hmoVmo Am{U "C' Agob Va ˶mMm "Amo' hmoVmo.
Vñg + BX§ (= A +B) = VñgoX
dmV + B[aV§ (= A + B) = dmVo[aV§;

JJJJJJJJJJJJ 65 JJJJJJJJJJJJ

dm‘ + Cê$ (= A + C>) = dm‘moê$
{d + CXH§$ ( = B + C>) = dmoXH$.

6) "B' (èhñd - XrK©) AWdm "C>' (èhñd - XrK©) ¶m§À¶mnwT>o BVa dU© Amë¶mg "B' Mm "¶' Am{U "C' Mm "d' hmoVmo.
{d + AmH$Vmo (= B+Am) = ì¶mH$Vmo
B{V + Añg (= B + A) = B˶ñg
gw + AmJV§ ( = C + Am) = gwgmJV§, ñdmJV= gmJV§
~hþ + Am~mYmo (= C + Am) = ~ìhm~mYmo

2) 춧OZ gÝYr

Ooìhm EH$ 춧OZ Xþgè¶m 춧OZm~amo~a AWdm ñdam~amo~a {‘iVo Voìhm ˶mbm ì`§OZ gÝYr åhUVmV.

1) Ooìhm EImXçm ñdamnwT>o na- Aja ho Oa 춧OZ Agob Va nydu Agboë¶m èhñd ñdamMm XrK© ñda hmoVmo Am{U
XrK© ñdamMm èhñd ñda hmoVmo.

gå‘ + Yå‘mo ( =A + Y + A) = gå‘mYå‘mo
IpÝV + na‘§ ( = B + n + A) = IÝVrna‘§
Om¶{V + gmoH$mo (= B + g + Amo) = Om¶VrgmoH$mo
‘w{Z + Mao (= B + M +A) = ‘wZrMao

2) ñdamnwT>o ì`§OZ Ambo Agë¶mg Ho$ìhm Ho$ìhm ˶m 춧OZmMo {ÛËd hmoVo.
{d + Jhmo (= B + J + A) = {d½Jhmo
n + Jhmo (= A + J +A) = n½Jhmo
Xþ +H$V§ (= C + H$ + A) = Xþ³H$V§

3) "E' Am{U "Amo' À¶m Z§Va H$moUVmhr dU© Amë¶mg "E' Am{U "Amo' Mm "A' hmoVmo.

¶mMH§$$ AmJVo (= E + Am) = ¶mMH$‘mJVo gmo + grbdm (= Amo + g²$ + B©) = g grbdm

3) {Z½J{hV (AZwñdma) gÝYr

AZwñdmam ({Z½J{hVm) ~amo~a ñda AWdm 춧OZ {‘iVo Voìhm ˶mbm {Z½J{hV gÝYr åhUVmV.

1) H$mhr doim {Z½J{hVmMm bmon hmoVmo. CXm.

g§ + aÎmmo = gmaVmo g§ + amJmo = gmamJmo H$W§ + Ah§ = H$Wmh§

JÝVw§ + H$m‘mo = JÝVwH$m‘mo ~wÕmZ§ + gmgZ§ = ~wÕmZgmgZ§ Ed§ + Ah§ = Edmh§

2) {Z½J{hVm (AZwñdmam) nwT>o Amboë¶m ñdamMm H$mhr doim bmon hmoVmo. CXm.

Ëd§ + A{g = Ëd§{g qH$ + B{V = qH${V

BX§ + A{n = BXpån Ab§ + BXm{Z = AbÝXm{Z

3) Oa {Z½J{hVmZ§Va "¶', "Ed' VgoM "{h' ho eãX Amë¶mg, {Z½J{hVmMm H$mhr doim "ÄÄm' hmoVmo. VgoM "¶' nwT>o

Amë¶mg nyduÀ¶m "g' eãXmdarb {Z½J{hVmMm "ÄÄm' hmoVmo. CXm.

V§ + Ed = VÄÄmod V§ + {h = VpÄh Ed§ + Amh = Ed‘mh

g§ + ¶Vmo = gÄÄmVmo g§ + ¶‘mo = gÄÄm‘mo Ed§ + Ed = Ed‘od

w w
y y
JJJJJJJJJJJJ 66 JJJJJJJJJJJJ

5) YmVwénm{df¶r ‘m{hVr (H$mi)
w w
1) {H«$¶mdmMH$ eãXmbm "YmVy' åhUVmV. ‘yi YmVybm nañ‘¡nXmMo à˶¶ bmdyZ {H«$¶mnX ~ZdVm ¶oVo. EH§$XarV
nm{b^mfoV AmË‘ZonXr {H«$¶mnXm§Mr ê$no H$‘r AmhoV.Z Z

2) àm‘w»¶mZo nm{b‘ܶo nañgnXmMm Cn¶moJ H$aʶmV ¶oVmo. AmË‘ZonX H$‘©{U à¶moJ d H${dVoV Cn¶moJmV ¶oVo.yy
3) nm{b^mfoV [ÛdMZ Zgë¶mZo {H«$¶mnX EH$dMZr$$ qH$dm AZoH$dMZr AgVo.

4) nm{b ì¶mH$aUmV AZwH«$‘o VrZ nwéf AmhoV. nm{b d ‘amR>r ì¶mH$aUmVrb nwéfm§‘ܶo Imbrb à‘mUo H«$‘ AmhoV.

nm{b ‘amR>r nm{b ‘amR>r nm{b ‘amR>r

CÎm‘ nw[ag àW‘ nwéf ‘pÁP‘ nw[ag {ÛVr¶ nwéf nR>‘ nw[ag V¥Vr¶ nwéf

5) H$mi d AW©dmMH$ H$mhr nm{b g§km nwT>rbà‘mUo

nm{b ‘amR>r nm{b ‘amR>r
^yVH$mi
1) nÀMwnÝZ H$mbmo dV©‘mZH$mi 2) hræ¶ÎmZr / AVrV H$mbmo

3) ^{dñgÝVr/ AZmJV H$mbmo ^{dî¶H$mi

nÀMwnÝZ H$mbmo (dV©‘mZH$mi)

dV©‘mZH$mir nañ‘¡nXr à˶¶ nwT>rbà‘mUo

nw[ag (nwéf) / dMZ EH$dMZ AZoH$dMZ
CÎm‘ nw[ag
‘pÁP‘ nw[ag (Ah§) {‘ (‘¶§) ‘
nR>‘ nw{ag
(Ëd§) {g (Vwåho) W

(gmo, gm, V§) {V (Vo, Vm, Vm{Z) ApÝV

nM = {eO{dUo

nw[ag (nwéf)/ dMZ EH$dMZ AZoH$dMZ

CÎm‘ nw[ag nMm{‘ nMm‘

‘pÁP‘ nw[ag nM{g nMW

nR>‘ nw{ag nM{V nMpÝV

ImX, Z‘, JÀN>, nR>, dg, H$g B˶mXr YmVy "nM' à‘mUo MmbVmV.

AVrV H$mbmo (^yVH$mi)
^yVH$mir nañ‘¡nXr à˶¶ nwT>rbà‘mUo

nw[ag (nwéf) / dMZ EH$dMZ AZoH$dMZ
CÎm‘ nw[ag
‘pÁP‘ nw[ag (Ah§) B§ (‘¶§) Båh
nR>‘ nw{ag
(Ëd§) B (Vwåho) BËW

(gmo, gm, V§) B (Vo, Vm, Vm{Z) B§gw, C§$

JJJJJJJJJJJJ 67 JJJJJJJJJJJJ

ImX (ImUo)

nw[ag (nwéf) / dMZ EH$dMZ AZoH$dMZ

CÎm‘ nw[ag ImqX Im{Xåh

‘pÁP‘ nw[ag Im{X Im{XËW

nR>‘ nw{ag Im{X ImqXgw, ImX§þ

H$si, hg, b^, Z‘, dg, JÀN> B˶mXr YmVy "ImX' à‘mUo MmbVmV.

AZmJVH$mbmo (^{dî¶H$mi)
^{dî¶H$mir nañ‘¡nXr à˶o¶ nwT>rbà‘mUo

nw[ag (nwéf) / dMZ EH$dMZ AZoH$dMZ

CÎm‘ nw[ag (Ah§) Bñgm{‘ (‘¶§) Bñgm‘

‘pÁP‘ nw[ag (Ëd§) Bñg{g (Vwåho) BñgW

nR>‘ nw{ag (gmo, gm, V§) Bñg{V (Vo, Vm, Vm{Z) BñgpÝV

nw[ag (nwéf) / dMZ EH$dMZ nR> ({eH$Uo/dmMUo)
CÎm‘ nw[ag n{R>ñgm{‘
‘pÁP‘ nw[ag n{R>ñg{g AZoH$dMZ
nR>‘ nw{ag n{R>ñg{V
n{R>ñgm‘
n{R>ñgW
n{R>ñgpÝV

b^, JÀN>, Z‘, dg, H$g B˶mXr YmVy "nR>' à‘mUo MmbVmV.

w w
y y
JJJJJJJJJJJJ 68 JJJJJJJJJJJJ

w 6) g‘mg w

Z^mfoV Ooìhm XmoZ qH$dm A{YH$ eãX EH$Ì ¶oD$Z ì¶mH$aU ÑîQ>çm EH$ eãX hmoVmo Voìhm ˶mbm g‘mg qH$dmZ

ygm‘m{gH$ eãX Ago åhUVmV. Ago g‘mg ho A{^OmV ^mfm§Mo d¡{eîQ>ç hmo¶. nm{b ^mfo‘ܶo g‘mgm§Mo à‘wI àH$may

nwT>rbà‘mUo AmhoV -

1) ÛÝX (ÛÝÛ) g‘mg 2) Vßnw[ag (VËnwéf) g‘mg

3) ~hþã~r{h (~hþd«rhr) g‘mg 4) Aìd¶r^md (A춶r^md) g‘mg

1. ÛÝX (ÛÝÛ) g‘mg…

XmoZ AWdm OmñV eãXmVrb "M' (Am{U) Mm bmon H$éZ Omo g‘mg V¶ma hmoVmo ˶mbm "ÛÝX' (ÛÝÛ) g‘mg

Ago åhUVmV. ¶m‘ܶo gd© eãX gmaIoM ‘hÎdmMo AgVmV. ÛÝX g‘mg XmoZ àH$mao AmhoV -

A) g‘mhma ÛÝX g‘mg ~) BVaoVa ÛÝX g‘mg

A) g‘mhma : XmoZ g§km g‘mgmV ¶oD$Z "M' Zo OmoS>ë¶mda AW© àJQ> H$aVmV Am{U EH$ g‘mhmamMm (g‘yhmMm)

~moY H$aVmV Voìhm Vmo g‘mhma ÛÝX g‘mg hmoVmo, hm g‘mg Znw§gH$qbJr AgVmo.

CXm.

‘wI§ M Zm{gH$m M - ‘wIZm{gH§$ JrV§ M dm{XV§ - JrVdm{XV§

¶wJ§ M Z“b§ M - ¶wJZ“b§ S>§gmo M ‘H$gmo M - S>§g‘H$g§

Xm{g M Xmgmo M - Xm{gXmg§ H$Êhmo M gw³H$mo M - H$Êhgw³H§$

~) BVaoVa : Ooìhm g‘mgmVrb XmoÝhr nXo àYmZ AgVmV Voìhm ˶mg "BVaoVa ÛÝX g‘mg' åhUVmV. hm g‘mg

{Z˶ ~hþdMZr AgyZ eodQ>À¶m nXmMo qbJ ho ˶m g§nyU© g‘mgmMo qbJ AgVo.

CXm.

MpÝX‘m M gw[a¶mo M - MpÝX‘gw[a¶m g‘Umo M ~m÷Umo M - g‘U~m÷Umo

‘mVm M {nVm M - ‘mVm{nVamo {nVm M nwÎmmo M - {nVmnwÎmm

2. Vßnw[ag (VËnwéf) g‘mg …

VËnwéf g‘mgmMo àH$ma nwT>rbà‘mUo AmhoV.

1) {d^{Îm Vßnw[ag 2) H$å‘Yma¶ 3) {ÛJw 4) ‘pÁP‘nXbmonr

5) ZÄmVßnw[ag 6) AbwÎmVßnw[ag 7) CnnXVßnw[ag§

1) {d^{ÎmVßnw[ag ({d^³Vr VËnwéf) :

Xþ{V¶m Vßnw[ag …

CXm. Jm‘§ JVmo -Jm‘JVmo Xog§ JVmo - XogJVmo ~ÝYZ§ JVmo - ~ÝYJVmo

V{V¶m VËnw[ag …

CXm. ~wÜXoZ ^m{gV§ - ~wÜX^m{gV§ {nVwZm g{Xgmo - {nVwg{Xgmo

MVwËWr Vßnw[ag …

CXm. g”m¶ ^Îm§ - g”^Îm§ Hw$ÊS>bm¶ gwdÊU§ - Hw$ÊS>bgwdÊU§

aOZm¶ Xmo{U - aOZXmo{U ZhmZm¶ Ob§ - ZhmZOb§

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nÄM‘r Vßnw[ag … nmnñ‘m ‘wÎmmo - nmn‘wÎmmo aÄÄmmo nwÎmmo - amOnwÎmmo, aÄÄmmonwÎmmo
CXm. Mmoañgm ^¶§ - Mmoa^¶§
‘wgmdmXm {da{V - ‘wgmdmX{da{V YÄÄmñg am{g - YÄÄmam{g
‘JYmZ§ amOm - ‘JYamOm
N>Æ>r Vßnw[ag …
CXm. é³Iñg gmIm - é³IgmIm Obo H$sim - ObH$sim
AH$mbo ‘oKmo - AH$mb‘oKmo
aÄÄmmo nw[agmo - amOnw[agmo

gÎm‘r Vßnw[ag …
CXm. g§gmao Xþ³I§ - g§gmaXþ³I§

AmH$mgo J‘Z§ - AmH$mgJ‘Z§

2) H$å‘Yma¶ g‘mg (H$‘©Yma¶ g‘mg): Ooìhm g‘mgmVrb XmoÝhr KQ>H$ EH$mM {d^³VrV AgVmV.

(g‘mZm{YH$aU) Voìhm "H$å‘Yma¶ g‘mg' hmoVmo.

CXm. ‘hÝVmo nw[agmo - ‘hmnw[agmo ‘wI§ MÝXmo {d¶ - ‘wIMÝXmo

nÄÄmm gw[a¶mo {d¶ - nÄÄmmgw[a¶mo {dÁOm Ed YZ - {dÁOmYZ§

~wÜXKmogmo ¶od AmM[a¶mo -~wÕKmogmM[a¶mo

3) {ÛJw : Ooìhm H$å‘Yma¶ g‘mgmMo n{hbo nX g§»¶mdmMH$ AgVo Voìhm {ÛJw g‘mg hmoVmo.
CXm. Xg grbm{Z - Xggrbm{Z EH$mo nhmamo - EH$ßnhmamo

4) ‘pÁP‘nXbmo{n : H$‘©Yma¶ g‘mgmV XmoZ nXm§Zm OmoS>Umao nX Ooìhm Jmibo OmVo Voìhm ‘pÁPnXbmo{n
g‘mg hmoVmo.

CXm. JÝYoZ {‘pñgV Vob§ - JÝYVob§ {n{Æ>¶m C½JVmo nmgmUmo - {n{Æ>nmgmUmo

5) ZÄmVßnw[ag : Ooìhm ZH$madmMH$ qH$dm {ZfoYdmMH$ A춶mMm Zm‘mer g‘mg hmoVmo Voìhm ˶mbm
ZÄmVßnw[ag g‘mg åhUVmV.

CXm. Z ‘Zwñgmo - A‘Zwñgmo
Z H$mbmo - AH$mbmo
Z npÊS>Vmo - AnpÊS>Vmo
Z dgbmo - Adgbmo
Z ~m÷Umo - A~m÷Umo
Yå‘ñg {déÕmo - AYå‘mo
g§g¶ñg A^mdmo - Ag§g¶mo

6) AbwÎm Vßnw[ag : ¶m àH$mamV n{hë¶m nXmMm {d^³Vr à˶¶-VgmM amhVmo, ˶mMm bmon hmoV Zmhr.
CXm. nañg nX§ - nañgnX§ AÝVo dg{V - AÝVodmgr, CXHo$ MapÝV - CXHo$Mam

7) CnnX VËnw[ag : Ooìhm g‘mgmMo Xþgao nX YmVwgm{YV AgVo Am[U Vo ñdV§ÌnUo dmnaVm ¶oV Zmhr VgoM

g‘mgmMm {dJ«h Ho$bm AgVm ˶m YmVwgm{YV nXmMo {H«$¶mnXmV énm§Va hmoVo. Voìhm CnnX Vßnw[ag g‘mg

hmoVmo.

CXm.’$bo Om¶{V B{V - ’$bO§ Hw$å^§ H$amo{V B{V - Hw$å^H$mamo

YZ§ XXm{V B{V - YZXmo Y呧 OmZm{V B{V - Yå‘ÄÄmy

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3. ~hþã~r{h (~hþd«rhr) g‘mg…

Á¶mdoir XmoZ qH$dm A{YH$ nXm§Mm g‘mg V¶ma hmoVmo g§nyU© g‘mg Xþgè¶mM EImXçm Zm‘mMo qH$dm AWm©Mo

{deofU hmoVmo d ˶m{df¶r ‘m{hVr gm§JVmo ˶mdoir "~hþã~rhr (~hþd«rhr) g‘mg' åhUVmV.

CXm. ~hÿ{Z YZm{Z ¶ñg gmo ~hþYZmo. {OVm{Z BpÝX¶m{Z ¶ñg gmo {O{VpÝжmo.

bå~m H$ÊUm ¶ñg gmo bå~H$ÊUmo. g‘mZ§ CXa§ ¶ñg gmo gmoX[a¶mo.

‘Zm goÆ>m EVog§ B{V ‘ZmogoÆ>m. CXH$ nr¶Vo Apñ‘¨ B{V CXnmZ.

4. Aìd¶r^md (A춶r^md) g‘mg :

Ooìhm g‘mgmMo n{hbo nX A춶 Am{U Xþgao Zm‘ AgVo Voìhm g§nyU© g‘mg A춶 hmoVmo. åhUyZ ˶mbm
"Aìd¶r^md (A춶r^md) g‘mg' åhUVmV.
CXm. {XZ {XZo - n{Q>{XZ§

dñg dñgo - AZwdñg§
ZJam ~{h - ~{hZJao
H$呧 AZ{VH$呧-¶WmH$呧
J“m¶ g‘rn - CnJ“§

w 7) A춶 w

1. hoËdW©H$ A춶 : "ho H$aʶmH$[aVm' ¶m AWu hoËdW©H$ A춶 Cn¶moJmV AmUbo OmVo.ZZ
YmVybm "Vw§' "Vm¶o' Am{U "Vdo' ho à˶¶ bmdyZ hoËdW©H$ A춶 V¶ma hmoVmV.
CXm. gmo ^moVw§ JÀN>{V & (Vmo OodʶmH$[aVm OmVmo.)yy
H$mV§w JÀN>{V& (H$aʶmH$[aVm OmVmo.)
H$mVdo JÀN>{V & (H$aʶmH$[aVm OmVmo.)

2. nyd©H$mbdmMH$ A춶 : "ho H$m‘ H$ê$Z' ¶m AWu nyd©H$mbdmMH$ A춶 Cn¶moJmV AmUbo OmVo. YmVybm
"Ëdm', "ËdmZ', "VyZ' ho à˶¶ bmdyZ nyd©H$mbdmMH$ A춶 V¶ma hmoVmV.
CXm. gmo {dhma§ JÝËdm ~wÕ§ dÝX{V&
(Vmo {dhmamV OmdyZ ~wÕmbm d§XZ H$aVmo.)
gmo gwËdm ¶m{V &
gmo gwËdmZ ¶m{V &
gmo gmoVyZ ¶m{V &
(Vmo EoHy$Z ¶oVmo)

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n nn n[a{gÆ>§ Ûo- gwb^mo nm{b (gwb^ nm{b) n
w w
y 1) garañg Ad¶dm{Z
y
nAp³I $Ho$g ZbmQ>
H$nmobn ^‘wH$
n KmZ Jrdm gmoV
AmoÆ>n

Ca Hw$pÀN>/CXa

H$ßna
hËW H$Q>r

A“x{bH$m
D$é

OmZw

nX“x{b¶mo nmX

2) Ämm{VJUm

‘mVm = AmB© YrVm = ‘wbJr

{nVm = d{S>b gñgw = gmgy

^mVm = ^mD$ gmbH$mo = ‘ohþUm

^{JZr = ~{hU Xdamo = Xra

‘mVwbmo = ‘m‘m ZZÝXam = ZU§X

‘mVwÀN>m = ‘mder ^m{JZoæ¶mo = ^mMm

{nVwÀN> = Am˶m ZÎmamo = ZmVy

Aæ¶H$mo = AmOr ^Îmw = nVr

Mwi{nVm = MwbVm/H$mH$m Xmam = nËZr

Mwi‘mVm = MwbVr/H$mHy$ nwÎmmo = ‘wbJm

VZ¶ = ‘wbJm ggwamo = gmgam

VZ¶m = ‘wbJr

JJJJJJJJJJJJ 72 JJJJJJJJJJJJ

goV§ 3) dÊUm{Z (a§Jm{Z) nrV§
(nm§T>am) ({ndim)
$Zrb§
({Zim)

bmoqhV {n“b§ h[aV
(bmb) (Vn{H$ar) ({hadm)

H$mgm¶§ H$Êh§ nmQ>b§
(Vm§~S>m) (H$mim) (Jwbm~r)

‘Ywa§ 4) agm{Z {V{IU§
H$Qw>H§$ Apå~b§
Aå~§ = Am§~m ‘[aM§ = {‘aMr
CÀNw>§ = D$g H$mado„§ = H$mabo V¸§$ = VmH$ nbÊSw>H$ = H$m§Xm
nm¶mg§ = Ira {nßnb§ = H$mir{‘ar
AmogY§ = Am¡fY XqY = Xhr

H$mI„mo = H$Sy> ^monim {MMm = qMM

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5) JohgodH$ ngw

Cg^mo(ãm¡b) YoZw(Jm¶) ‘{hgm(åh¡g)

ggmo/nobH$mo(ggm) AOmo(~H$am) EiH$mo$(ES>H$m)

gwZImo/Hw$¸w$amo(Hw$Ìm) Añgmo(KmoS>m) {~imamo/‘‚mmamo(‘m§Oa)

‘oÊS>H$mo (‘|T>m) JX^mo(JmT>d)

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6) {VaÀN>mZm

grhmo(qgh) 춽Kmo(dmK) AÀN>mo(Añdb)

{gJmbmo(bm§S>Jm) Hw$ÄOamo(hÎmr) H${n(‘mH$S>)

{‘Jmo (harU) H$a^mo(C§Q>) I½J{dgmUmo(J|S>m)

VaÀN>mo(Vag) dH$mo(H$moëhm) gwH$amo(Sw>¸$a)

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7) ObWbJmoMam

CaJmo(gmn) ‘ÊSy>H$mo(~oSy>H$) H$H$ÊQ>H$mo(gaS>m)

JmoYm(KmoanS>) CÔmo(nmU‘m§Oa) ga^y(nmb)

‘ÀN>mo(‘mgm) H$¸$Q>H$mo(IoH$S>m)

Hw$å^rbmo(‘Ja) H$ÀN>nmo(H$mgd)

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8) {H$‘r

{H${n{„H$m(‘w§Jr) nQ>“mo (ZmH$VmoS>m)

^‘amo(^w§Jm) ‘H$gmo(‘ÀN>a)

‘¸$Q>H$H$mo(H$moir) ‘Ywnm(‘Y‘mer)

‘Hw$Umo(T>oHy$U) P{„H$m(amV{H$S>m)

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9) gHw$Um

‘¶wamo(‘moa) Hw$Umbmo(H$mo{H$i) Hw$¸$Q>mo(H$m|~S>m)

Hw$¸w$Q>r(H$m|~S>r) CbyH$mo(Kw~S>) H$moÄMmo(~Jim)

H$moÆ>mo(gwVmanjr) ¶m{b¶m(‘¡Zm) {JÁPmo({JYmS>)

H$mH$mo(H$mdim) MQ>H$mo({M‘Um) H$nmoVmo(H$~yVa)

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10) ’$b’$bm{Z M nwß’$m{Z M

H$Xbr(Ho$io) CÀNw>(D$g) Aå~§(Am§~m)

Oå~w(Om§^yi) ~Xa§(~moa) H$¸$m[aH$m(H$mH$S>r)

nXþ‘§(H$‘i) H$¸$mé(XþYr ^monim) b~wO§(’$Ug)

‘{„H$m(M‘obr) Hw$‘wX§(nm§T>aoH$‘i)

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11) ¶mZm{Z

aW§(aW) AmH$mg¶mZ§({d‘mZ)

Zmd(hmoS>r) gH$Q>§(~¡bJmS>r)

12) Am¶wY§ (h˶mao)

H$H$M§(H$adV) A{g(Vbdma) dm{g(Hw$èhmS>)

Hw$Ôab§ (Hw$Xi) {dH$ÝVh(MmHy$) gyb§(^mbm)

Nw>[aH$m(gwar) Iya§(nmVo) Hw$Q>§(hmVmoS>r)

w w
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JJJJJJJJJJJJ 80 JJJJJJJJJJJJ

1 EH§$ 13) g§»¶m (A§H$)
2 Ûo
3 V¶mo/{V/V¶ 29 EHy$ZqVg{V
4 MVw(MVmamo) 30 qVg{V
5 nÄM 31 EH$qVg{V
6 N> 32 Ûm{Îmg{V
7 gÎm 33 VoqÎmg{V
8 AÆ> 34 MVw{Îm§g{V
9 Zd 35 nÄMqVg{V
10 Xg 36 N>qÎmg{V
11 EH$mXg 37 gÎmqVg{V
12 ÛmXg,(~mag) 38 AÇ>qVg{V
13 Voig(Voag) 39 EHy$ZMÎmmMmirg{V
14 MwÔg, MVwÔg 40 MÎmmirg{V
15 nÊUag, nÄMXg 41 EH$MÎmmirg{V
16 gmoig 42 {ÛMVmirg{V
17 gÎmag, gÎmXg 43 VoMÎmmirg{V
18 AÆ>mXg, AÆ>mXg 44 MVwMÎmmirg{V
19 EHy$Udrg{V 45 nÄMMÎmmirg{V
20 drg{V 46 N>Îmmirg{V
21 EH$drg{V 47 gÎmMÎmmirg{V
22 ÛmdrgVr, ~mdrg{V 48 AÇ>MÎmm{bg{V
23 Vodrg{V 49 EHy$ZnÄÄmmg{V
24 MVwdrg{V 50 nÊUmgm,nÄMmg{V
25 nÄMdrg{V 51 EH$nÄÄmmg{V,EH$nÊUmgm
26 N>ã~g{V 52 ÛonÄÄmmg{V, ÛonÊUmgm
27 gÎmmdrg{V 53 {VnÄÄmmg{V, {VnÊUmgm
28 AÇ>mdrg{V 54 MVwÄÄmmg{V,MVwnÊUmgm
55 n#mnÄÄmmg{V, n#mnÊUmgm
56 N>nÄÄmmg{V,N>nÊUmgm

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JJJJJJJJJJJJ 81 JJJJJJJJJJJJ

57 gÎmnÄÄmmg{V, gÎmmnÊUmgm 80 Agr{V
58 AÆ>nÄÄmmg{V, AÆ>nÊUmgm 81 EH$m{g{V
59 Zdw nÄÄmmg{V, EHw$Ug{Æ> 82 ÛoAgr{V, {ÛAmgr{V
60 g{Æ> 83 VogAg{V, {VAgr{V
61 EH$g{Æ> 84 MVwamgr{V
62 Ûmg{Æ>, {Ûg{Æ> 85 nÄMAgr{V
63 Vog{Æ>, {Vg{Æ> 86 gÆ>Agr{V
64 MVwg[Æ> 87 gÎm Agr{V
65 nÄMg{Æ> 88 AÆ>Agr{V
66 N>g{Æ> 89 EHw$ZZdw{V
67 gVg{Æ> 90 Zdw{V
68 AR>g{Æ> 91 EH$ Zdw{V
69 EHy$ZgÎm{V 92 ÛmZdw{V, {ÛZdw{Îm
70 gÎm{V 93 VoZwdw{V, {VZdw{V
71 EH$gÎm{V 94 MVwZdw{V
72 ÛmgÎm{V,{ÛgÎm{V 95 nÄMZdw{V
73 VogÎm{V, {VgÎm{V 96 N>Zdw{V
74 MVwgÎm{V 97 gÎmZdw{V
75 nÄMgÎm{V 98 AÆ>Zdw{V
76 N>gÎm{V 99 EHy$ZgV§

77 gÎmgÎm{V 100 gV§
78 AÆ>gÎm{V 1000 ghñg§
79 EHy$Zmgr{V 10,000 ZhþV§

1,00,000 gV ghñg§

1,00,00,000 H$moQ>r

1,00000000000000 nH$moQ>r

1,000000000000000000000 H$moQ>r nH$moQ>r

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n nn n[a{gÆ>§ V¶mo- g§dmX H$m¡eë¶, {Z~ÝYmo ({Z~§Y) n
w w
y gd§ mX H$me¡ ë¶
y
1) nmËo WH$§ qH$ ^mgm¶ {b{IV?§ n 15) Ah§ bpw å~Zr ZJao dgm{‘&
nñw VH$ H$mUo ˶m ^mfVo {b{hbo Amh.o ? n ‘r b{§w ~Zr ZJamV amhVm.o
n
2) nmËo WH$§ nm{b ^mgm¶ {b{IVm& n 16) BX§ ‘‘ Jho &§
nñw VH$ nm{b ^mfVo {bhrbo Amh.o ho ‘mPo Ka Amh.o

3) nm{b^mgm ‘Yaw § ApËW& 17) ‘‘ Jho § EH$§ Cæ¶mZ§ g‘rn§ ApËW&
nm{b ^mfm ‘Yaw Amh.o ‘mPo Ka EH$m CÚmZmOdi Amh.o

4) VWmJVmo ~Õw Zo nm{b^mgm¶ Yå‘Xgo Zm X{X& 18) {d‚mmb¶§ npñgËdm ‘‘§ A{Vd AmZÝXmo hm{o V&
VWmJV ~Õw mZo nm{b^mfVo Yå‘mno Xeo H$o bm. {dÚmb¶ nmhZy ‘bm Iny AmZX§ hmVo m.o

5) nm{b^mgm Yå‘JÝWñg ^mgm ApËW& 19) Ah§ ‘mVa§ M {nVa§ M dÝXm{‘&
nm{b^mfm Yå‘JW§« mMr ^mfm Amh.o ‘r AmB© Am{U d{S>bmZ§ m dX§ Z H$aVm.o

6) S>m°. ~m~mgmho~ Amå~oS>H$amo nm{bgÔH$mog§ 20) Ah§ AmM[a¶§ dÝXm{‘&
{b{IV§& ‘r AmMm¶mb© m dX§ Z H$aVm.o
S>m.° ~m~mgmh~o Am~§ So >H$amZ§ r nm{b e×H$meo
{b{hbm Amh.o 21) ‘mVm{nVw§ CnÇ>mZ§ H$aæo ¶&
AmBd© S>rbmM§ r gdo m H$amdr.
7) Ëd§ nm{b^mgm OmZm{g?
Vy nm{b^mfm OmUVmgo ? 22) H$o {M ‘Zñw gm Z Oƒmd§ gÇo >m&o
H$mUo Vmhr ‘mÊmgy OmVrZo lðo > hmVo Zmhr.
8) Ah§ nm{b^mgm OmZm{‘&
‘r nm{b ^mfm OmUVm.o 23) gã~o g‘g‘mZm gpÝV&
gd© g‘g‘mZ AmhVo .
9) Vd hËWpñ‘¨ nmËo WH$§ {H${Xgm ^mgm {b{IVm ApËW&?
VÂw ¶m hmVmVrb nñw VH$ H$mUo ˶m ^mfVo {bhrbo Amh?o 24) BpËW M n[w agmo M g‘mZm gpÝV &
ór néw f g‘mZ AmhVo .
10) ‘‘ hËWgo w nmËo WH$§ nm{b^mñmm¶ {b{IV§ ApËW&
‘m¶m hmVmVrb nñw VH$ nm{b ^mfVo {bhrbo Amh.o 25) ‘m ‘gw m ^UW&
ImQo >o ~mbo y ZH$m.
11) Ah§ nm{b^mgm¶ AÁPmnH$§ ApËW&
‘r nm{b^mfMo m AܶmnH$ Amh.o 26) ‘‚m ‘m {ndW&
‘Ú {nD$ ZH$m.
12) ‘m {YVa§ ^hy UdY§ H$amWo &
‘bw rMr ^Uy« h˶m H$ê$ ZH$m. 27) ‘m nmn{‘Îmo ^OW&
dmBQ© > {‘ÌmM§ r gJ§ Vr H$ê$ ZH$m.
13) gMo gã~o ‘mVm¶ nÎw m§ BÀN>pÝV Vo gÊw hm H$w {h§
b^pÝV&? 28) ‘m JÊh A{XÝZ§ XmZ&§
Oa gdM© ‘mVm ‘bw mM§ rM BÀN>m H$arV AgVrb Va Z {Xbbo o KDo $ ZH$m.o
˶mZ§ m gZw m H$w R>yZ {‘iVrb?
29) ÛËo Wgo w Xg A“{w b¶m&o
14) Ëd§ H$w qh dg{g? XmZo hmVmbm Xhm ~mQo >o AmhVo .
Vy H$w R>o amhVmgo ?

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30) A¶§ n#mgrbo YOm&o 45) Væw h§ Am¶§w {H$Îm§ ApËW?
hm nM§ erb ÜdO Amh.o VPw o d¶ {H$Vr Amh?o

31) nñg A¶§ YOm&o 46) BX§ ‘o A³Ir &
hm ÜdO nhm. ho ‘mPo S>mio o AmhVo .

32) A¶§ AåhmH$ aÆYOm&o 47) BX§ Ap³IZ§ Ah§ nñgm{‘&
hm Am‘Mm amï>´ÜdO Amh.o ¶m S>mùo ¶mZ§ r ‘r nmhVm/o nmhV.o

33) aÆYOñg ‘ÁP^o mJo AgmHo $M¸$§ ApËW& 48) BX§ ‘o H$ÊUZo Ah§ gÔ§ gUw m{‘&
amï>´ÜdOmÀ¶m ‘ܶ^mJr AemHo $MH$« Amh.o ‘m¶m H$mZmZ§ r ‘r eãX EHo $Vm.o

34) AgmHo $Wå^o MVmamo grhm ^maVñg amO‘Ôw m ApËW& 49) BX§ ‘o ‘Iw § ApËW&
AemHo $ñV^§ mda H$mao bbo o Mma qgh ^maVmMr amO‘Ðw m ho ‘mPo VmS| > Amh.o
Amh.o
50) ‘¶ñg ‘Iw Zo Ah§ ImXm{‘&
35) gßw n^mV&§ ‘m¶m VmS| >mZo ‘r ImVm.o
gàw ^mV.
51) BX§ ‘‘ hËW§ ApËW&
36) gmJV!§ ^dVmo {Z{gXmh B‘pñ‘¨ AmgZo & ho ‘mPo hmV AmhVo .
ñdmJV! H$¥ nm H$ê$Z ¶Wo o ¶m AmgZmda ~gm.
52) ‘‘ hËWZo Ah§ H$呧 H$am{o ‘&
37) H$mo Væw h§ {nVm Zm‘?§ ‘m¶m hmVmZo ‘r H$m‘ H$aVm.o
VÂw ¶m d{S>bmM§ o Zmd$ H$m¶?
53) Ah§ {d‚mmb¶§ JÀN>m{‘&
38) ‘‘ {nVm Zm‘ {^‘amdmo ApËW& ‘r {dÚmb¶mV OmV Amh.o
‘m¶m dS>rbmM§ o Zmd ^r‘amd Amh.o
54) Ah§ {d‚mmb¶§ JpÀN>&
39) H$mo ApËW Ëd?§ ‘r {dÚmb¶mV Jbo mo hmVo m.o
Vy H$mUo Amh?o
55) Ah§ {d‚mmb¶§ JpÀN>ñgm{‘&
40) Ah§ EH$mo ‘mUdH$mo A{ËW& ‘r {dÚmb¶mV OmBb© .
‘r EH$ {dÚmWu Amh.o
56) Ah§ nmËo WH$§ nR>m{‘&
41) H$w {hËdm Ëd§ AmJÀN>{g? ‘r nñw VH$ dmMV Amh.o
Vy H$mRo >yZ Ambm Amhgo ?
57) Ah§ nmËo WH$§ n{R>&
42) Ah§ ZmJnaw ZJao AmJÀNm>{‘& ‘r nñw VH$ dmMb.o
‘r ZmJnay ZJamVZy Ambmo Amh.o
58) Ah§ nmËo WH$§ n{R>ñgm{‘&
43) Væw h§ ‘mVm{nVamo H$w {h§ dg{V? ‘r nñw VH$ dmMbo .
VPw o AmBd© S>rb H$w R>o amhVmV?
59) Ah§ ^mOo Z§ ^Äw Om{‘&
44) Vd ^mVamo qH$ H$apÝV? ‘r Odo Z H$arV Amh.o
VPw o ^mD$ H$m¶ H$aVmV?
60) Ah§ ^mOo Z§ ^[w ÄO&
‘r Odo Z H$o b.o

{Z~ÝYmo({Z~§Y)

· Imbrb {Xboë¶m {df¶m§da {Z~§Y {bhm.

1) nmR>gmbm 2) YoZw 3) Cæ¶mZ§ 4) H$ñgH$mo
7) ‘¶§ Jm‘§ 8) ‘‘ nardmamo
5) S>m°. ~m~mgmho~ Am§~oS>H$amo 6) AmM[a¶mo

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y y
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n nn n[a{gÆ>§ MVw- An{R>Vmo(An{R>V CVmao) n
m

n

n
m

n

n
JÁOmo {d^mJmo

mm 1) gw§gw‘ma OmVH§$ mm

A{VVo dmamU{g¶§ ~÷XÎmo a‚m§ H$maoÝVo {V& "¶oZ Ho$Z Cnm¶oZ JÊh, gMo Z b{^ñgm{‘
{h‘dÝVnXogo ~mo{YgÎmmo H${n¶mo{Z¶§ {Zã~{ÎmËdm ZmJ~bmo ‘[añgm{‘' {V& "VoZ {h ‘m ^m{¶, AËWoH$mo Cnm¶mo' {V
Wm‘gånÞmo ‘hmgaramo gmo^½JnÎmmo hþËdm J“m{ZdÎmZo ImXmnoñgm{‘ V§ Vñg hX¶‘§ñm' pÝV gw§gw‘mamo g‘ñgm{g&
AaÄÄmm¶VZo dmg§ H$ßno{g&VXm J“Jm¶ EH$mo gw§gw‘mamo AWoH${Xdg§ ~mo{YgÎmñg J§Jm¶ nmZr¶ {n{dËdm J“mVrao
d{g& AWñg ^[a¶m ~mo{YñmÎmñg gara§ {Xñdm Vñg {Z{gÞH$mbo gpÝVH§$ JÝËdm Ed‘mh- "dmZ[aÝX, B‘pñ‘¨
hX¶‘§go Xmohi§ CßnmXoËdm gw§gw‘ma§ Amh, "Ah§ gm{‘, nXogo H$gQ>’$bm{Z ImXÝVmo qH$ Ëd§ {MÊUÆ>mZo ¶od Ma{g,
EVñg H${namOñg hX¶§‘§g§ Im{XVwH$m‘m, {V "^Ôo ‘¶§ nmaJ“m¶ Aå~-b~wOmXrZ ‘Ywa’$bmZ§ AÝVmo ZpÝW,qH$
ObJmoMam, Eg$ WbJmoMam {H$ÝVw V§ JpÊhVw§ gp³Iñgm‘m' Vo VËW JÝËdm ’$bm’$b§ ImqXVw Z dÅ>{V' {V&

ñdmܶm¶

1. Imbrb àíZm§Mr EH$m dm³¶mV CËVao {bhm. 3. Imbrb aoImOmio nyU© H$am.
1) nydu dmamUgr‘ܶo H$moU amÁ¶ H$arV Ago? 1) qH$ ObJmoMam M Wb JmoMam
2) ~mo{YgËd H$moU˶m Hw$imV OÝ‘bm hmoVm?
3) ~mo{YgËd earamZo H$gm hmoVm? 2)
4) ~mo{YgËd Hw$R>o amhV hmoVm? qH $Ûo JmoMam
5) J§Jo‘ܶo H$moU amhV Ago?
6) ‘JamÀ¶m nËZrbm H$m¶ ImʶmMr BÀN>m {Z‘m©U
Pmbr?
7) àñVwV CVmè¶mV H$moU˶m ‘Ywa ’$im§Mm C„oI
Ambm Amho?

2. Imbrb dm³¶o g˶/Ag˶ AmoiIm. 4. ¶mo½¶ OmoS>çm bmdm.
1) A{VVo dmamU{g¶§ ~moYgÎmmo a‚m§ H$maoÝVo&
2) ¶Xm J“m¶ EH$mo gw§gw‘mamo d{g& "A' JQ> "~' JQ>
3) Ah§ gm{‘, EVñg H${namOñg hX¶‘g§ 1) dmamU{g¶§ ~«÷XÎmo A) H${n¶mo{ZM§ {Zã~{V&
Im{XVwH$m‘m {V& 2) {h‘dÝVnXogo ~mo{YgÎmmo ~) a‚m§ H$maoÝVo&
4) {H$pÝV V§ JpÊhV§w gp³Iñgm‘m {V& H$) dmg§ H$ßno{g&
5) ¶oZ Ho$Z Cnm¶oZ JÊh, gMo Z b{^ñgm{‘
‘[añgm{‘ {V&

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y y
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wmm 2) gR>ñg n{Q>gmR>o涧 wmm

m AVrVo dmamUgq¶ ~«÷XÎmo a‚m§ H$maoÝVo ~mo{YgÎmmo {V& Jm‘dmgr ZhmZËWm¶ Vñg nwÎm¨ AmXm¶ JÀN>ÝVmo m
A‘ÀMHw$bo {Zã~{ÎmËdm d¶ßnÎmmo {d{ZÀN>¶m‘ƒmo EH$ñg ghm¶H$ñg Joho B‘ñg XmaH$ñg H$ËW{M JÝVw§
yAhmo{g& VXm Jm‘dmgr M ZJadmgr Mm{V Ûo dm{UOm‘m XoWm {V dËdm AÝVmoJã^o {ZgrXmnoËdm g¶§ Zhm{¶Ëdmy
{‘Îmm Ahogw§& Jm‘dmgr ZJadm{gñg gpÝVHo$ nÄM Hw$Q>dm{UOñg Joh§ AmJ‘m{g& gmo nwÎmmo ‘o H$h§ ""{V Amh''
’$mbgVm{Z R>no{g& gmo Vo ’$mbo {d{¸${UËdm ‘yb§ JhoËdm gå‘,Vd nwÎm Vrao R>noËdm ‘‘ CXHo$ {Z‘w‚mH$mbo EH$mo
’$mbZ§ R>noV Æ>mZo {gH$dƒ§ Am{H$[aËdm R>no{g& Cna^mJo Hw$bH$mo AmJÝËdm Vd nwÎm ZInÄOaoZ JhoËdm AmH$mgo
Jm‘dmgr AmJÝVm ""’$mb§ ‘o Xo{h'' {V Amh& Hw$Q>dm{UOmo n³IÝVmo, Ah§ nmqU nh[aËdm {da{dËdm dm¶‘ÝVmo{n
""’$mbm Vo ‘y{gH$m{h Im{XVm' {V ‘y{gH$dƒ§ Xñgo{g& ‘moMoVw§ Zmgp³I {V''&
BVamo Im{XVm d hmoÝVw, ‘y{gHo${h Im{XVo qH$ g¸$m H$mVw§

ñdmܶm¶

1. Imbrb àíZm§Mr EH$m dm³¶mV CËVao {bhm. 3. Imbrb aoImOmio nyU© H$am.
1) ~mo{YgËd H$moU˶m Hw$imV OÝ‘bm hmoVm? 1)
2) J«m‘dmgrZo ZJadmgr Odi H$m¶ R>odbo hmoVo?
3) ZJadmgrZo bmoI§S>r ’$mim§Mo H$m¶ Ho$bo? Ûo {‘Îmm&
4) J«m‘dmgrZo H$moUVm {dMma $Ho$bm?
5) J«m‘dmgr§Zr ñZmZmgmR>r OmVmZm H$moUmbm gmo~V 2)
Zobo? qH$ ngw M n³Ir M?
6) ZJadmgrZo J«m‘dmgrbm H$m¶ {dMmabo?
7) J«m‘dmgrZo ZJadmgrbm ˶mÀ¶m ‘wbm~Ôb H$m¶
gm§{JVbo?

2. Imbrb dm³¶o g˶/Ag˶ AmoiIm. 4. ¶mo½¶ OmoS>çm bmdm.
1) ZJadm{gñg gpÝVHo$$gÎm ’$mbgVm{Z R>no{g&
2) ’$mb§ ‘o Xohr {V Amh& "A' JQ> "~' JQ>
3) B‘ñg XmaH$ñg H$ËW{M JÝVw§ ‘m XoWm {V&
4) gm nwÎmmo ‘o qH$ {V Amh& 1) VXm Jm‘dmgr M ZJadmgr M A) Im{XVm'{V&
5) Vd nwÎm§ ZInÄOaoZ JhoËdm AmH$mgo n³IÝVmo&
2) ’$mb§ Vo ‘y{gH$m{h ~) {H$§ g¸$m H$mVw§ {V?

H$) Ûo dm{UOm{‘Îmm

Ahgo &w§

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AVrVo V¸${gbm¶§ ~mo{YgÎmmo {Xgmnm‘mo³Imo m Zm‘ JhoËdm E{h, AmJVñg Vo Zm‘§ n[adVoËdm AÄÄm Zm‘m
AmM[a¶mo hþËdm nÄM‘mUdH$gVm{Z ‘ÝVo dmMo{g& Vñgo H$[añgm{‘ {V& gmo "gmYy' {V nmWo涧 JhoËdm {Z³IÝVmo
‘mUdH$mo nmnH$mo Zm‘ Zm‘oZ& gmo E{h nmnH$& ¶m{h y Jm‘oZ§ Jm‘§ MaÝVmo EH§$ ZJa nmnw{U& ËmËW EH$mo nw[agmoy
nmnH$m{V dwƒ‘mZmo {MÝVo{g-"‘æh§ Zm‘§ Ad‘“b§', H$mb‘Vmo OrdH$mo Zm‘oZ& gmo V§ Ämm{VOZoZ AmbmhZ§
AÄÄm§ Zm‘§ ‘o Amhamnoñgm‘r'{V& gmo AmM[a¶§ Cng‘{‘Ëdm Zr¶‘mZ§ {Xñdm-"qH$ Zm‘H$mo Zm‘oñg nw[agmo'{V? nwpÀN>
"AmM[a¶! ‘æh§ Zm‘§ Ad‘“b§ AÄÄm§ ‘o Zm‘§ H$amoWm' {V OrdH$mo "Zm‘ogmo{V'& OrdH$mo{n ‘aVr{V& OrdH$mo{n
Amh& ‘a{V, AOrdH$mo{n ‘a{V& Zm‘Zm‘§ nÊU{V‘Îm§& Ëd§ ~mbmo
‘ÄÄmo{V&
AW V§ AmM[a¶mo AdmoM-"JÀN> VmV!'
OZnX-Mm[aH§$ M[aËdm AÎmZmo A{^é{MV§ EH§$ ‘“b§

ñdmܶm¶

1. Imbrb àíZm§Mr EH$m dm³¶mV CËVao {bhm. 3. Imbrb aoImOmio nyU© H$am.
1) ~mo{YgËd H$moR>o dmñVì¶ H$arV hmoVo? Ûo Zm‘§&
2) AmMm¶© {H$Vr {dÚm϶mªZm {eH${dV hmoVo?
3) ˶m‘ܶo H$moU˶m ZmdmMm {dÚmWu hmoVm? 4. ¶mo½¶ OmoS>çm bmdm. "~' JQ>
4) nmnH$ BH$S>o ¶o Ago H$moU ~mobdV hmoVo?
5) AmMm¶m©H$S>o ¶odyZ nmnH$ H$m¶ åhUmbm? "A' JQ> A) Ëd§ ~mbmo ‘ÄÄmo{V&
6) AmMm¶m©Zo nmnH$mbm H$m¶ gm§{JVbo? 1) ‘æh§ Zm‘ Ad‘“b§ ~) AÄÄm§ ‘o Zm‘ H$amoWm'{V&
7) nmnH$mZo H$moUmÀ¶m ‘¥Ë¶yMr ~mV‘r EoH$br hmoVr? 2) OrdH$mo{n ‘a{V H$) AOrdH$mo{n ‘a{V&
8) {OdH$mÀ¶m ‘aUmZ§Va nmnH$mbm H$m¶ dmQ>bo?

2. Imbrb dm³¶o g˶/Ag˶ AmoiIm.
1) Vñgo ‘mUdmo nmnH$mo Zm‘ Zm‘oZ&
2) ‘æh§ Zm‘§ Ad‘“b§ AÄÄmå‘o Zm‘ H$amoWm {V&
3) VËW§ EH$mo nw[agmo H$mb‘Vmo nmnH$mo Zm‘ Zm‘oZ&
4) qH$ Zm‘H$mo Zm‘og nw[agmo{V nwpÀN>&
5) OrdH$mo{n ‘a{V, AOrdH$mo{n ‘a{V&
6) Ëd§ npÊS>Vmo ‘ÄÄm{V&

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wmm 4) $MrZXo{g¶ ndm{g-¶wdmZÀdm§J wmm

m AVrVo {H$a ^maVñg {d‚mmdÝVm nÄÄmmdÝVm ^maVXogo nm{MZH$mbo ~hdmo amO‘½Jm hmopÝV& Vo{hm
gã~ËW {dñgwVm& VoZ {d{dYohr Xogo{h OZm ÄmmU§ bÜX§ AÜXmZo{h V¸${gbm, dogmbr, amOJh§, nmQ>{bnwÎm§.
y{gßn§ M {d‚mm M {gp³IVw§ EËW AmJVm&MrZ XogñggmdpËW, C‚moZr, dmamUgr, n{VÆ>mZ§'{V {dñgwVm{Zy
{n ~hdmo OZm ^maVXog§ AmJVm Vogw EH$mo ¶wdmZÀdm§J ZJam{Z AÄÄm‘ÄÄm§ gå~ÝYm{Z& Vogw AÜXmZogw XmZaVm
Zm‘H$mo& ¶Xm Oå~w{Xno amOm hñgd–Zmo a‚m§ H$maoÝVmo amOmZmo {dhmao M Amam‘o M nmo³Ia{Z¶mo M ^moOZgmbm¶mo
VXm H${Vn¶m{Z dñgm{Z ^maVXogo d{gËdm gmo MrZXog§ M n{WJohm{Z M {Zpå‘{ZËdm nOmZ§ H$ë¶mUm¶ H$呧
n{h{ZdVmo& {h‘dVmo CÎmaoZ MrZXogmo dÎm{V& VVmo ^maVXog§ AH$[a {V H$amopÝV {V ¶wdmZÀdm§J npÊS>Vmo {bI{V&
AmJËdm ¶mo AÜXm gmo A{V{d¶ H${R>Zmo ^¶n[anwÊUmo M
Vpñ‘¨ AÜXm{Z, Cƒm nã~Vm M ^¶‘am Jwhm¶mo M {dgmb
Z{X¶mM Kmoam{Z AaÄÄmm{Z M hmopÝV

ñdmܶm¶

1. Imbrb àíZm§Mr EH$m dm³¶mV CËVao {bhm. 3. Imbrb aoImOmio nyU© H$am.
1) ¶wdmZÀdm§J H$moU˶m XoemVrb àdmgr hmoVm?

2) Vmo ^maVm‘ܶo H$m Ambm hmoVm? Oå~w{Xnñg nm{MZ Ûo ZJao&
3) ^maVmMo àmMrZ Zmd H$m¶ hmoVo?

4) ¶wdmZÀdm§J ^maVmV Amë¶mda ^maVmV H$moUVm
amOm amÁ¶ H$arV hmoVm?

5) {h‘mb¶mÀ¶m CÎmaobm H$moUVm Xoe Amho?

6) ¶wdmZÀdm§À¶m àdmgmVrb g‘ñ¶m gm§Jm? 4. ¶mo½¶ OmoS>çm bmdm.
7) ^maVmV àmMrZH$mir nwîH$i H$m¶ hmoVo?
"A' JQ> "~' JQ>
2. Imbrb dm³¶o g˶/Ag˶ AmoiIm.
1) AVrVo {H$a ^maVñg {d‚mmdÝVm nÄÄmmdÝVm 1) MrZ A) hñgd–Zmo
gã~ËW Z {dñgwVm&
2) Oå~w{Xn ~) ¶wdmZÀdm§J

H$) {d{dYo{h

2) ¶Xm Oå~w{Xno amOm hñg–>dZmo a‚m§ H$mao{V&

3) MrZ aÆ>Vmo{n ~hdmo OZm ^maVXog§ Z AmJVm&

4) {dñgwVm{Z ZJam{Z AÄÄm‘ÄÄm§ gå~Ym{Z&

5) ¶wdmZÀdm§J npÊS>Vmo {bI{V&

6) ^maVXogo nm{MZ H$mbo ~hdmo amO‘½Jm hmo{ÝV&

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AVrVo dmamU{g¶§ ~«åhXÎmo a‚m§ H$maoÝVo m ImXoæ¶m{g {n ‘§, {V& ‘m ^m{¶ gå‘' {V Or{dV§ ‘om
~mo{YgËVmo {h‘dÝVnXogo ê$³IH$moÆ>H$gHw$Umo hþËdm Xo {h {V Amh& V§ dm‘nñgoZ {Zßn‚mmnoËdm, ¶Wm ‘wI§
{Zã~{V& AWoH$ñg grhñg ‘§g§ ImXÝVñg A{Ç> Jbo y {nX{hV§w Z g¸$mo{V VWm Vñg AYamoÆ>o M CVamoÆ>oM XÊS>H§$y
b½Jr& Jbmo CÜXþ‘m¶r, JmoMa§ JpÊhVw§ Z g¸$mo{V Iam R>noËdm ‘wI§ n{d{gËdm A{Æ>H$mo{Æ> VwÊS>oZ nh[a& A[Æ>
doXZm ndÎm{V& AW Z§ gmo gHw$Umo JmoMaßngwVmo {Xñdm ‘wIo {Zn{V& gmo AqÆ> nmVoËdm grhñg ‘wIVmo {Z³I‘ÝVmo
gmIm¶ {ZbrZmo, qH$ Vo gå‘ Xþ³I§ {V nwpÀN>& XÊS>H§$ VwÊS>oZ nh[aËdm nmVoÝVmo d {Z³I{‘Ëdm gmI½Jo
{Z{b{¶&
gmo V§ AËW§ Am{Mp³I& Ah§ Vo gå‘ EV§ A{Æ>
AnZo涧, ^¶oZ nZ Vo ‘wI§ n{d{gVw§ Z {dghm{‘,

ñdmܶm¶

1. Imbrb àíZm§Mr EH$m dm³¶mV CËVao {bhm. 3. Imbrb aoImOmio nyU© H$am.
1) ~mo{YgËd H$moR>o amhV hmoVm? ngw M gHw$Umo M Zm‘&
2) [g§hmÀ¶m Jù¶mV H$m¶ AS>H$bo?
3) qghmÀ¶m Jù¶mV hmS AS>H$ë¶mZo H$m¶ hmoV 4. ¶mo½¶ OmoS>çm bmdm. "~' JQ>
hmoVo? "A' JQ> A) IamdoXZm ndÎm{V&
4) gwVmanú¶mZo qghmbm H$m¶ {dMmabo? ~) ~«÷XÎmo a‚m§ H$maoÝVo&
5) gwVmanú¶mZo qghmbm H$m¶ åhQ>bo? 1) AVrVo dmamU{g¶§ H$) n{d{gV§w Z {dghm{‘&
6) gwVmanú¶mZo qghmÀ¶m Jù¶mVrb hmS >
H$mT>ʶmH$[aVm H$m¶ Ho$bo? 2) ^¶oZ nZ Vo ‘wI§

2. Imbrb dm³¶o g˶/Ag˶ AmoiIm.
1) AWoH$ñg grhñg ‘§g§ ImXÝVñg A{Æ>§ Jbo
bp½J&
2) Jbmo CÜX‘m{¶, JmoMa§ JpÊhVw§ g¸$mo{V, Iam
doXZm ndÎmpÝV&
3) gmo V§ AËW§ Am{Mp³I&
4) ‘m ^m{¶ gå‘, Zmh§ V§ ImXm{‘, {OdrV§ ‘o Xo{h
{V&
5) ¶Wm ‘wI§ {nX{hVw g¸$mo{V VWm Vñg AYamoÆ>o M
XÊS>H§$ R>noËdm ‘wI§ n{d{gËdm, A{Æ>H$moqQ VwÊSo>Z
nh[a&

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wmm nÁOmo {d^mJmo wmm
1) gå‘mn{U{hV§ {MÎm§
m m
Z V§ ‘mVm {nVm H${¶am, AÄÄmo dm {n ÄmmVH$m&
y gå‘mn{U{hV§ {MÎm§, goæ¶gmo Z§ VVmo H$ao&& y

{Xgmo {Xg§ ¶§ H${¶am, doar dm nZ doarZ§&
{‘ÀN>mn{U{hV§ {MÎm§, nm{n¶mo Z§ VVmo H$ao&&

¶Wm{n ^‘amo nwß’§$, dÊUJÝY§ AhoR>¶§&
nbo{V ag‘mXm¶, Ed§ Jm‘o ‘wZrMao&&

Z naog§ {dbmo‘m{Z, Z naog§ H$VmH$V§&
AÎmZmo d Ado³Io¶, H$Vm{Z AH$Vm{Z M&&

ñdmܶm¶

1. Imbrb àíZm§Mr EH$m dm³¶mV CËVao {bhm. 3. Imbrb aoImOmio nyU© H$am.
1) ‘mUgmMo Mm§Jë¶m àH$mao H$moU ‘§Jb H$aVmo? ^‘amo nwß’§$ {H§$ AhoR>¶§?
2) ‘mUgmMo OmñV ZwH$gmZ H$moU H$aVo?
3) ‘wZrZo JmdmV H$go dmJmdo?
4) ^«‘a ’w$bmVrb ag H$go J«hU H$aVmo?
5) Xþgè¶mMo Xmof Z nmhVm AmnU H$m¶ H$amdo?

2. Imbrb dm³¶o g˶/Ag˶ AmoiIm. 4. ¶mo½¶ OmoS>çm bmdm.
1) nbo{V ag‘mXm¶ Ed§ Jm‘o ‘wZrMao&
2) AÎmZmo d Ado³Io¶ H$VmH$V§& "A' JQ> "~' JQ>
3) gå‘mn{U{hV§ {MÎm§ goæ¶gmo Z§ VVmo H$ao&
4) gå‘mn{U{hV§ {MÎm§ nmnr¶mo Z§ VVmo H$ao& 1) gå‘mn{U[hV§ {MÎm§ A) nm{n¶mo Z§ VVmo H$ao&
5) Z naog§ {dbmo‘m{Z Z naog§ H$VmH$V§&
2) nbo{V ag‘mXm¶ ~) Ed§ Jm‘o ‘wZrMao&

H$) goæ¶gmo Z§ VVmo H$ao&

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H$ñg ~«måhU Ëd§ ^rVmo gXm CXH$‘moV[a&
doY‘mZo{h JÎmo{h,grV§ doX¶go ^wg§'&&

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H$amoÝV§ Hw$gb§ H$呧, ê$ÝYÝV§ H$呧 nmnH§$&&

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CXH$m{^goMZm Zm‘, nmnH$å‘m n‘wƒ{V&&

g½J§ ZyZ J{‘ñgpÝV, gã~o ‘ÊSy>H$H$ÀN>nm&
ZmJm M gw§gw‘mam M, ¶o M' ÄÄmo CXHo$Mam&&

Amoapã^H$m gyH$[aH$m,‘pÀN>H$m {‘J~ÝYH$m&
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CXH$m{^goMZm Vo {n, nmnH$å‘m n‘wƒao&&

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1. Imbrb àíZm§Mr EH$m dm³¶mV CËVao {bhm. 4) doY‘mo{h JÎmo{h, CÊh§ doX¶go ^wg§&
1) nwpÊUH$m H$moUVo H$m‘ H$arV hmoVr? 5) H$ñg ~«m÷U Ëd§ ^rVmo gXm CXH$‘moV[a&
2) H$moUmÀ¶m ^rVrZo Vr W§S>rVhr H$m‘ H$arV Ago?
3) nwpÊUHo$Zo ~«måhUmg H$moUVm àíZ {dMmabm? 3. Imbrb aoImOmio nyU© H$am.

4) nmnH$‘u H$moUmg åhQ>bo Amho? CXHo$Mam&

5) H$moUVo H$‘© H$amd¶mg nwpÊUHo$Zo ~«måhUmg
gm§{JVbo?

6) nmnH$‘© H$emZo Zï> hmoVmV?

7) ¶m nÚm‘ܶo H$moUmH$moUm‘ܶo g§dmX Pmbm Amho? 4. ¶mo½¶ OmoS>çm bmdm.

2. Imbrb dm³¶o g˶/Ag˶ AmoiIm. "A' JQ> "~' JQ>
1) Aæ¶mZ§ XÊS>^¶^rVm,dmMmXmog^¶{Æ>Vm&
2) H$amoÝV AHw$gb§ H$呧, ê$ÝYÝV§ H$呧 nmnH§$& 1) CXhmar A) J{‘ñgpÝV&
3) H$mo Zw Vo BX‘³Im{g, AOmZÝVñg AOmZVmo&
2) g½J§ ZyZ ~) nmnH$på‘Zmo&

H$) Ah§ grVo&

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