Pali Pakaso

wmm 3) M§nm ZJar wmm

m Egm Månm Zm‘ ZJar ApËW& m
ËmËW EH$mo AmM[a¶mo dg{V&&
y y
Vñg gpÝVH§$ ~hdmo ‘mZdH$m AÁP¶Z§ H$amopÝV&
gw{ZVmo Zm‘§ ~wpÜX‘ÝVmo ‘mUdH$mo A{ËW&&

gmo {d{dYogw§ {dg¶ogw nma§JVmo hmo{V&
gw{ZVmo amOJho {nVw gpÝVH§$ JÀN>{V&&

VËW Vñg {dgmIm Zm‘ ^{JZr A{ËW&
gw{ZVmo M {dgmIm M gm¶§ g‘¶o {dhma§ JÀN>pÝV&&

VËW Vm{Z ~wÜX§ dÝXpÝV, Ww{V M Jm¶pÝV&
gw{ZVmo M {dgmIm M, ~wÜX§ Y呧 M g§”§ M gaU§ JÀN>pÝV&&

ñdmܶm¶

1. Imbrb àíZm§Mr EH$m dm³¶mV CËVao {bhm. 3. Imbrb aoImOmio nyU© H$am.
1) AmMm¶© H$moU˶m ZJarV amhV hmoVo? H$mo {dhma§ JÀN>pÝV?
2) AmMm¶m©Odi {dÚmWu H$emH$arVm ¶oV AgV?
3) gw{ZV ZmdmMm {dÚmWu H$gm hmoVm?
4) gw{ZV EH$Xm Hw$R>o Jobm hmoVm?
5) gw{ZV H$moUm˦m Odi Jobm hmoVm?
6) gw{ZVÀ¶m ~{hUrMo Zmd H$m¶ Amho?

2. Imbrb dm³¶o g˶/Ag˶ AmoiIm. 4. ¶mo½¶ OmoS>çm bmdm. "~' JQ>
1) Egm Månm Zm‘ ZJar Z{ËW& "A' JQ> A) ‘mUdH$mo ApËW&
2) {dgmIm Zm‘§ ~wpÜX‘ÝVmo ‘mUdH$mo ApËW& ~) AmM[a¶mo dg{V&
3) gw{ZVmo amOJho {nVw gpÝVH§$ JÀN>{V& 1) VËW EH$mo H$) {nV§w gpÝVH$§ JÀN>{V&
4) VËW Vñg {dgmIm Zm‘ ^{JZr ApËW&
5) gw{ZVmo M {dgmIm M gm¶§ g‘¶o {dhma§ JÀN>pÝV& 2) gw{ZVmo amOJho

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wmm 4) nam^d gwÎm wmm

m gw{dOZmo ^d§ hmo{V, gw{dOmZmo nam^dmo& m
Yå‘ H$m¶mo ^d§ hmo{V, Yå‘Xogr nam^dmo&&
y y
{ZÔmgrbr g^mgrbr,AZwÆ>mVm M ¶mo Zamo&
Abgmo H$moYnÄÄmmUmo, V§ nam^dVmo ‘wI§&&

¶mo ‘mVa§ dm {nVa§ dm, {OÊUH§$ JV¶moã~Z§&
nhþ gÝVmo Z ^a{V, V§ nam^dVmo ‘wI§&&

Om{VËWÜXmo,YZËWÜXmo, JmoÎmËWÜXmo M ¶mo Zamo&
gÄÄmmqV A{V‘ÄÄmo{V, V§ nam^dVmo ‘wI§&&

BpËWYwVmo gwamYwVmo,A³IYwVmo M ¶mo Zamo&
bÜX§ bÜX§ {dZmgo{V, V§ nam^dVmo ‘wI§&&

BpËW¨ gmopÊS>¨ {d{H$aqU, nw[ag§ dm {n Vm{Xg§&
Bñg[a¶pñ‘¨ R>mno{V,V§ nam^dVmo ‘wI§&&

ñdmܶm¶

1. Imbrb àíZm§Mr EH$m dm³¶mV CËVao {bhm. 3. Imbrb aoImOmio nyU© H$am.
1) H$moUVm nwéf ghOVoZo AmoiIVm ¶oVmo? $H$ñg{M Z ^a{V?
2) Y‘©Ûofr nwéfmMo H$m¶ hmoVo?
3) Amier 춺$sÀ¶m AYmoJVrMo H$maU H$moUVo?
4) AmB©dS>rbm§Mo nmbZ nmofU Z H$aʶmZo H$m¶
hmoVo?
5) H$moUVr ór AÚmoJVrMo H$maU hmoD$ eH$Vo?

2. Imbrb dm³¶o g˶/Ag˶ AmoiIm. 4. ¶mo½¶ OmoS>çm bmdm.
1) Yå‘ H$m¶mo ^d§ hmo{V, Yå‘Xogr nam^dmo&
2) nhþ gÝVmo ^a{V, V§ nam^dVmo ‘wI§& "A' JQ> "~' JQ>
3) gÄÄmmqV A{V‘ÄÄmo{V V§ nam^dVmo ‘wI§&
4) B{ËW§ gmopÊS> {d{H$aUr, nw[agm dm {n Vm{Xg§ 1) {ZÔmgrbr g^mgrbr A) JmoÎmËWÕmo M ¶mo Zamo&
5) Abgmo H$moYnÄÄmmUmo, V§ nam^dVmo ‘wI§&
2) Om{VËWÔmo YZËWÕmo ~) A³IwYwVmo M ¶mo Zamo&

H$) AZwÆ>mVm M ¶mo Zamo&

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wmm 5) JmoV‘M[a¶§ wmm

m {h‘dÝV§ nñgVmo,H$mogbogw {ZHo${VZmo& m
gm{H$¶m Zm‘ Om{V¶m, YZ{d[a¶oZ gånÞm&&
y y
Vñg g{H$¶mZ§ Jm‘o, OZnXo bwpå~ZrdZo&
~mo{YgÎmmo ‘ZwñgmZ§ {hVgwIm¶ OmVmo&&

gmo gã~ñg AËWñg, {gÕr H$Îmm' {V&
Vñg {gÕËW Zm‘ AH§$gw&&

Vñg ‘ho{gZmo gwÕmoXZ Zm‘ {nVm&
~wÕñg ‘mVm nZ Zm‘mo ‘hm‘¶m&&

‘JYoñmw Cédobm¶§, ~mo{Y‘ybo ‘hm‘wZr&
dogmInwpÊU‘m¶§ gmo, nÎmmo gå~mo{Y‘wÎm‘§&&

Hw${gZmam¶§ ¶‘H$gmbmZ§ AÝVao dZo&
dogmInwÊU‘m¶ gmo, Xrnmo bmoH$ñg {Zã~wVmo &&

ñdmܶm¶

1. Imbrb àíZm§Mr EH$m dm³¶mV CËVao {bhm. 3. Imbrb aoImOmio nyU© H$am.

1) {h‘d§V àXoemOdi H$moUVo YZg§nÞ amÁ¶ hmoVo?

2) {gÜXmWm©Mm OÝ‘ H$moU˶m {R>H$mUr Pmbm? {gÕËWñg ‘mVm {nVwZ§ Zm‘ [H§$ ?
3) ~mo{YgËdmMm OÝ‘ H$emgmR>r hmoVmo?

4) {gÕmWm©g kmZàmár H$moU˶m nm¡{U©‘obm Pmbr?

5) {gÕmWm©g kmZàmár H$moU˶m {R>H$mUr Pmbr?

6) ~wÕmMo ‘hmn[a{Zdm©U H$moU˶m {R>H$mUr Pmbo?

2. Imbrb dm³¶o g˶/Ag˶ AmoiIm. 4. ¶mo½¶ OmoS>çm bmdm.
1) Vñg ‘ho{gZmo gwÜXmoXZ Zm‘ {nVm&
2) H$mo{b¶m Zm‘ Om{V¶m,YZ{d[a¶oZgånÞm& "A' JQ> "~' JQ>
3) ~mo{YñmÎmmo ‘ZwñgmZ§ A{hVgwIm¶ OmVmo&
4) ‘JYogw Cédobm¶§ ~mo{Y‘ybo ‘hm‘wZr& 1) Vñg g{H$¶mZ§ Jm‘o A) Zm‘ AH§$gw&
5) Vñg amhÿbmo Zm‘ AH§$gw&
2) Vñg {gÜXËW ~) OZnXo bwpå~ZrdZo&

H$) H$mogbogw {ZHo${VZmo&

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n nn n[a{gÆ>§ n#m- H$WmnwÎmr (H$WmnyVu) n w w
y
1) ~H$OmVH§$ y
n
AVrVo EH$pñ‘¨ AaÄÄmm¶VZo....... AÄÄmVa§ nXþ‘ga§ {Zñgm¶ {R>Vo ....... hþËdm {Zã~{V& VXm AÄÄmVapñ‘ n
Zm{V‘hÝVo gao {ZXmKg‘¶o ......... ‘ÝX§ Ahmo{g, ~hþ MoËW ‘ÀN> hmo{V& AËWoH$mo.........Vo ‘ÀN>o {Xñdm, EHo$Z n
Cnm¶oZ B‘o.......dÄMoËdm Im{Xñgm‘r, {V JÝËdm CXH$n[a¶ÝVo {MÝVoÝVmo {Z{gXr& AW V§ ‘ÀN>m& qH$ Aæ¶ n
{MÝVoÝVmo {Z{gÞmogr, {V nwpÀN>gw& VwåhmH§$........ {Z{gÞmoåhr' {V& AåhmH§$ qH$ qMVogr......,{V& B‘pñ‘§ gao CXH§$
n[aÎm§,JmoMamo M ‘ÝXmo.......M ‘hÝVmo BXm{Z‘o ‘ÀN>m qH$ Zm‘ H$[añgpÝV {V VwåhmH§$ {MÝVoÝVmo..........{V&

(é³IXodVm, ~mo{YgÎmmo, ~H$mo, CXH§$ ,{Xñdm, ‘ÀN>o, Aæ¶m, {MÝVoÝVmo, {Z{gÞmoåhr, {ZXmKmo)

2) Z³IVOmVH§$

AVrVo dmamU{g¶§ ~«÷XÎmo ....... H$maoÝVo& ZJadm{gZmo OZnXdm{gZ§ ....... dmaoËdm {Xdg§ R>noËdm AÎmZmo
Hw$bynH§$ ......... nwpÀN>¨gw-^ÝVo& AÄÄm AåhmH§$ EH$m ..........gmo^Z§ Zw Imo.......pÝV? gmo B‘o AÎmZmo ê${M¶m
........ R>noËdm BXm{Z ‘§ nwÀN>ÝVr {V......AÄÄm Zog§ ‘“bÝVam¶§.........{V {MÝVoËdm....... A‚m Z³IÝV§& gMo
H$amoW..........nmnw{UñgWm{V& Vo Vñg gÔ{hËdm ZmJq‘gw&

(YrVa§, a‚m§, ‘“b{H$[a¶m, AmOr{dH$§, {Xdg§, Z³IÎm§, Hw$pÁPËdm, Agmo^Z§, H$[añgm‘r, ‘hm{dZmg§)

3) H$bhmo {h {dZmg‘wbmo

AVrVo .......... ~«åhXÎmo aÄÄm§ H$maoÝVo ~mo{YgÎmmo ..... {Zã~{VËdm AZoH$ dÆ>H$ghñg......... AaÄÄmo
dg{V& VXm EH$mo dÆ>H$bwÔH$mo Vog§....... JÝËdm dÆ>H$dpñgH§$ H$Ëdm Vog ....... ÄmËdm,Vog§ Cn[a Omb§ {I{nËdm,
n[a¶ÝVogw.......... gã~o EH$Vmo H$Ëdm npÀN> nwaoËdm, Ka§ JÝËdm, Vo {d{H${UËdm, VoZ ‘yboZ.......H$ßno{V&
AWoH${Xdg§....... Vo dÅ>Ho$ Amh A¶§ gmHw${UH$mo AåhmH§$..........{dZmg§ ÄmmVHo$,Ah§ EH§$ Cnm¶§.......&

(Or{dH§$, n[admamo, dmamU{g¶§, ‘hÝVmo, OmZm{‘, dÅ>H$¶mo{Z¶§, dgZÆ>mZ§,g{ÝZn{VV^md, ÄmmVHo$, ~mo{YgÎmmo.)

4) grb{d‘§gZ§

""AVrVo dmamU{g¶§.........a‚m§ H$maoÝVo ~mo{YgÎmmo.......... {Zã~{VËdm d¶ßnVmo VWod {Xgmnm‘mo³Iñg
gpÝVHo$......... ‘mUdH$gÎmmZ§ OoÇ>mo hþËdm {gßn§......&AmM[a¶ñg d¶ßnÎmYrVm..........& gmo {MÝVo{g B‘og§
‘mUdH$mZ§ grg§ ...........grbgånÞñgoV...........'' {V& gmo EH§$ {Xdg§.........Am‘ÝVoËdm "VmVm, ‘æh§...........
d¶ßnVm {ddmh§ Añgm H$maoñgm{‘............bÜX§þ dÆ>{V&

({d‘§{gËdm, ApËW, ‘mUdHo$, dËWb‘ma§, ~÷XÎmo, C½JpÊh, ~m÷UHw$bo, Xñgm{‘, YrVm, nÄMÞ)

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t춧OZ dU© n

H$ I J K L M N> O P Äm Q> R>
S> T> U V W X Y Z n ’$ ~ ^
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춧OZ dUmªgmo~V ñdam§Mm Cn¶moJ

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n nn n[a{gÆ>§ gÎm- nm{b ^mfoMo ‘hÎd n
w w
^mfm hr XodmUKodmUrMo gmYZ Amho. EH$‘oH$m§Mo y ‘hÎMmMo Amho. ‘ZmV gmR>dyZ Omonmgbo nm{hOo,
{dMma, ^mdZm 춺$ H$aʶmMo ‘mܶ‘ Amho. ~mobr y H$maU Vo à˶oH$mbm Cn¶moJr Va hmoVoM {edm¶
^mfm åhUOo gd©gm‘mݶm§Zm g‘OUmar, amoOÀ¶m n Xw³ImVyZ XoIrb ‘wº$ H$arV hmoVo. J‘VrMr Jmoï>
ì¶dhmamV ~mobbr OmUmar bhmZm§nmgyZ ‘moR>çm§n¶ªV n åhUOo ~wÜX Yå‘ XoVmZm Vmo gdmªZm bjmV amhmdm
gdmªZm g‘OUmar ^mfm hmo¶. àmMrZ ^maVmV nm{b n åhUyZ Jmoï>r§VyZ, Cn‘m gm§JyZ, {d{dY àH$mao nmR>m§Va
hr ~mobr^mfm hmoVr. ˶m‘wio ~wÕm§Zr Ooìhm Yå‘ n H$ê$Z KoD$Z bjmV R>odm¶bm ‘XV H$am¶Mo. ˶m‘wio
{eH$dm¶Mo R>a{dbo Voìhm ˶m§Zr Vmo gdmªZm g‘Omdo ~mobr^mfoVrb hm Yå‘ gd©OU g‘Oy eH$V Va
åhUyZ Vmo nm{b ^mfoV åhUOoM gd©gm‘mݶm§À¶m hmoVoM nU Vo bjmV R>odyZ AZw^dhr H$ê$ eH$m¶Mo.
^mfoV {Xbm. AZw^d¶mMo kmZ H$go H$m¶ {dgaVm ¶oB©b?

Yå‘ åhUOo {ZgJm©Mm {Z¶‘. AmnU Á¶m g¥ï>rV CXmhaU Xçm¶Mo Pmbo Va AmnU gdmªV gmono
amhVmo ˶mV KS>Umè¶m KS>m‘moS>r§Mo H$maU ‘m{hV hmoUo CXmhaU KoD$ ¶m. gdmªZr H$‘imMo ’w$b Va nm{hbo
åhUOoM kmZ àmá hmoUo Ago g‘Om¶bm hH$aV Zmhr. AgobM. Ooìhm gd©OU ~wÜXmbm {dMmam¶Mo H$s ^ÝVo!
~wÕmbm Ooìhm gd© Jmoï>tMo kmZ àmá Pmbo Voìhm ˶m§Zr Vwåhm§bm kmZ àmá Pmbo, Vwåhr ~wÕ Pmbo åhUOo
Vo BVam§Zm g‘OyZ gm§{JVbo, Á¶mbm AmnU Yå‘ H$m¶ Pmbo? ~wÕmZo g‘OdyZ gm§{JVbo. gm§JVm§Zm Vo
åhUVmo. CXmhaUmW© AmJrMm Yå‘ Amho OiUo Am{U {dMmaVmV H$s Vwåhr H$‘imMo ’w$b nm{hbo H$m? gd©
OmiUo. OJmV Hw$R>ohr Agbr Var AmJ OmiUma åhUmbo- hmo¶. Vo Hw$R>o CJdVo? {MIbmV. ’w$bmbm
Am{U OiUmaM. ‘ZmV Ambobm amJ, Ûof {VañH$ma {MIb bmJbobm AgVmo H$m? Zmhr. ˶mÀ¶m nmZm§da,
hr gwÕm AmJM Amho, Vr Amnë¶mbmM OmiUma ho nmH$ù¶m§da nmʶmMm W|~ gwÕm Wm§~V Zmhr Am{U Vo
g˶ Amho. H$maU Vmo {ZgJm©Mm {Z¶‘ Amho. ˶m‘wio {MIbmVyZ da ¶oVo, gw§Xa AgVo, VgmM ‘r Amho. ho
Amnë¶mbm Oim¶Mo Zgob Va AmJ noQ>dm¶Mr Zmhr, OrdZ Oar Amnë¶mbm {MIbmV {‘imbo Agbo Var
noQ>br H$s OiUma Am{U OmiUmaM. Ago g˶ AmnU {MIbmVë¶m H$‘imgmaIo Agm¶bm hdo.
Am{U {ZgJm©Mo {Z¶‘ Ooìhm ~wÜX gmo߶m arVrZo, åhUyZ à˶oH$mZr Xþ³ImVyZ, Xþ³ImÀ¶m {MIbmVyZ
Jmoï>r§‘YyZ , Cn‘m XoD$Z g‘OyZ gm§JVmV ˶mbmM da ¶m¶Mo Amho, Xþ³I Amnë¶mbm {MQ>Hy$ Úm¶Mo
Yå‘ åhUVmV. Zmhr. Aer gw§Xa Cn‘m XoD$Z ~wÕmZo gm§[JVë¶mda
gm‘mݶm§Zm H$iUma Zmhr Ago hmoUmaM Zmhr.
~wÕ Odi Odi 45 df} Yå‘ {eH$drV {’$aV
hmoVo, {‘imbobo kmZ A˶§V H$ê$UoZo gdmªZm ìmmQ>V ˶m‘wio gd©OU ~wÕmMm Yå‘ AZwgaV Am{U
hmoVo. Amnë¶mbm AmVm Oa ~wÜXmZo H$m¶ {eH${dbo ho Amnë¶m Xþ³ImVyZ ~mhoa ¶oV. Amnbm ’$m¶Xm Pmbm,
g‘OyZ ¿¶m¶Mo Agob Va Amnë¶mbm nm{b ^mfm AmnU Xþ³ImVyZ ~mhoa nS>bmo. Xþgè¶mMm XoIrb
Ambr nm{hOo, H$maU ~wÕmZo Vo kmZ nm{b ^mfoV ’$m¶Xm ìhmdm, Vmo XoIrb ˶mÀ¶m Xþ³ImVyZ ~mhoV
gm§{JVbo Amho Am{U åhUyZ nm{b ^mfm {eH$Uo

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nS>mdm, Ago àH$fm©Zo dmQ>m¶bm bmJVo Am{U ˶m‘wio H$embm {eH$m¶Mr? nm{b ^mfoVrb ~wÕmMm Yå‘
Yå‘mMm àMma-àgma Xÿa Xÿan¶ªV Pmbm. Yå‘ nm{b Va B§J«OrVyZ, ‘amR>rVyZ gwÕm {eH$Vm ¶oVmo, g‘OyZ
^mfoV Agë¶m‘wio nm{b ^mfm XoIrb Xÿa Xÿan¶ªV KoVm ¶oVmo. ‘J nm{b ^mfmM H$m {eH$m¶Mr qH$dm
nmohmoMbr. Yå‘mMr ^mfm åhUyZ nm{b ^mfmM OJ^amVrb bmoH$ AmVm 2500 dfm©nyduMr ^mfm
AmoiIbr OmD$ bmJbr. Yå‘ gm§^miyZ R>odUmar H$embm {eH$VmV qH$dm ~mobVmV qH$dm Aä¶mgVmV?
^mfm åhUOo nm{b Agmhr {VMm AW© Pmbm. Va ˶mMo CÎma Ago Amho H$s ~wÕmZo Omo Yå‘ {Xbm,
Oo kmZ {Xbo Vo {OVHo$ gImob, gyú‘, J§^ra Amho
H$mbm§VamZo ^mfo‘ܶo ~Xb hmoV Jobo. Odi {VVHo$M gmono, gw§Xa Am{U AVwbZr¶ Amho, na§Vw Vo
Odi XmoZ hOma dfm©Z§Va ~mobbr OmUmar nm{b kmZ OJmVrb H$moU˶mhr ^mfoV ¶mo½¶àH$mao ^mfm§VarV
AmOMr ‘amR>r Pmbr, ~§Jmb‘Ybr ~§Jmbr Pmbr, H$aVm ¶oV Zmhr. H$maU OJ^amVrb H$moU˶mhr ^mfoV
JwOamV ‘Ybr JwOamVr Pmbr Am{U Aem àH$mao ‘yi Vmo eãXM amhVmo ˶mMo ^mfm§Va H$aVm ¶oV Zmhr Á¶mbm,
nm{b ^mfm n[ad{V©V hmoD$Z H$mimÀ¶m {dñ‘¥VrÀ¶m kmZ àmá Pmbo, Vmo Aer ˶m eãXmMr ì¶m»¶m H$aVm
nS>Úm AmS> Jobr; na§Vw ~wÕmMm Yå‘ Agë¶m‘wio ¶oVo nU ^mfm§V[aV H$aVm ¶oV Zmhr. ˶m‘wio OJmVrb
2500 dfm©nyduMr nm{b ˶m§À¶m {eî¶m§Zr OVZ gd© ^mfoV ~wÕM åhUVmV. g§nyU© nm{b ^mfm AerM
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~«måhr {bnrV {ebmboI {bhÿZ {Vbm {b{n~ÜX
XoIrb Ho$bo. Ogo Jwé - {eî¶ na§naoZwgma ‘wImoXJV AOyZ EH$ CXmhaU ~Ky¶m, "^½J amJmo, ^½J
H$ê$Z {nT>çmZ{nT>çm ~wÕm§Mm Yå‘ Onbm Jobm VerM Xmogmo, ^½J ‘mohmo {V ^Jdm,' hr nm{b ^mfoVrb ^Jdm
nm{b ^mfmhr Onbr Jobr. øm eãXmMr ì¶m»¶m ‘amR>rVyZ g‘Oë¶mgmaIr dmQ>Vo.
Ag§ dmQ>V§ H$s gmon Va Amho. Á¶mZo Amnbm amJ,
XþX£dmZo ^maVmVyZ ~wÕmMm Yå‘ b¶mbm Jobm. Xmof Am{U ‘moh ^½Z Ho$bm Vmo ^Jdm. nU Vo MwH$sMo
^mfm {dgabr Jobr Am{U {bnr dmMVm ¶oB©Zmer Amho. nm{b ‘Yrb amJ Am{U ‘amR>rVrb amJ ¶m‘ܶo
Pmbr. na§Vw lrb§H$m, å¶mZ‘ma gma»¶m Amnë¶m O‘rZ -Añ‘mZmMm ’$aH$ Amho. nm{bVrb amJ åhUOo
eoOmaÀ¶m Xoem§Zr ~wÕmÀ¶m Yå‘mgh nm{b ^mfoMo ‘amR>rVrb bmo^, ‘moh qH$dm Amg{º$ VgoM nm{bVrb
OVZM Ho$bo Zmhr Va Vr ^mfm Omonmgbr, dmT>dbr Xmog åhUOo {VañH$ma, àM§S> Ûof Am{U ‘moh åhUOo
Am{U Xÿada ngadbr. OJ^amVrb ~m¡Õ amï´>m§‘ܶo AkmZ, A{dÚm qH$dm A§Yma Am{U ^½J åhUOo Zï>
Aä¶mgbr OmUmar nm{b ^mfm ^maVmV ‘mÌ naH$s H$aUo, ’$º$ VmoS>Uo Zìho.
Am{U ZdrZ ^mfm Agë¶mgmaIr dmQ>Vo. nU AmnU
ho {dgam¶bm ZH$mo H$s nm{b ^mfm hr AmO ^maVmV AOyZ EH$ ‘hÎdmMr Jmoï> nm{b ^mfoVrb
~mobë¶m OmUmè¶m gd© ^mfm§À¶m Am{X^mfogmaIr eãXm§‘ܶo Amho Am{U Vo åhUOo n{Q>doXZ AWm©V
Amho Am{U ˶m‘wio Amnë¶mbm Iyn OdiMr Amho. AZw^d. nm{bVrb à˶oH$ eãXmMm AZw^d H$aVm
EoH$VmZm AmoiIrMr dmQ>Vo Am{U {H$˶oH$ eãX Va ¶Vmo Omo BVa ^mfm§V[aV eãXmMm H$aVm ¶oB©bM Ago
AJXr ~mobr ^mfoVrb dmQ>VmV. Zmhr. ˶m‘wio ‘yi nm{b ^mfm {eH$Uo gmono Amho.
"nm nmbo{V, a³IVr {V nm{b' AWm©V Or nmbZ H$aVo,
nU nwÝhm àíZ nS>Vmo H$s AmVm nm{b ^mfmM ajU H$aVo Vr nm{b. ~wÕdMZm§Mo nmbZ H$aVo, ajU

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H$aVo åhUyZ nm{b. nm{b ^mfoÀ¶m Aܶ¶mZmÀ¶m ÑîQ>rZo Xþgar
‘hÎdmMr ~m~ hr H$s, BVa ^mfm§Mm Aä¶mg hm JXç,
nm{b {V{nQ>H$m‘ܶo VWmJV ~wÕmÀ¶m ˶m nXç, ZmQ>H$, H$Wm- H$WZ B˶mXr nwaVmM ‘¶m©{XV
H$mimVrb Mm[aH$m§Mm {dñVmaZo C„oI Ambobm AgVmo; na§Vw nm{b ^mfoMm Aä¶mg AmnU doJdoJiçm
Amho. AJ§, ‘JY, H$mgr, H$mogb, d‚mr, ‘„, àH$mam§Zr H$ê$ eH$Vmo. nm{b ^mfm hr Amnë¶mbm ZD$
Mo{X, dËg, Hw$é, nm§Mmi, ‘Ëg, gm¡agoZ, Añ‘V, A§Jm§Zr {eH$Vm ¶oVo, {Vbm "Zdm§JgËWwgmgZ' Ago
Ad§Vr, Jm§Yma, Am{U H§$~moO ¶m gmoimhr OZnXm§‘ܶo gwÕm åhUë¶m Jobobo Amho. Vo åhUOo -
VWmJVm§Zr {dMaU Ho$ë¶mMo Am{U nm{b ^mfo‘YyZ
CnXoe Ho$ë¶mMo C„oI Amnë¶mbm nm{b gm{h˶mV 1) gwÎm 2) Joæ¶ 3) doæ¶mH$aU 4) JmWm
AmT>iyZ ¶oVmV, åhUOo VWmJV ~wÕ {OWo- {OWo OmV 5) CXmZ 6) B{VdwÎmH$ 7) OmVH$
{VWo {VWo Vo nm{b‘ܶoM CnXoe XoV AgV Am{U 8) Aã^yVYå‘ Am{U 9) doX„§ (OmUyZ KoUo).
VoWrb bmoH$ gwÜXm VWmJV ~wÕm§À¶m CnXoem§Zm EoH$V åhUyZ nm{b {eH$ʶmH$[aVm doJdoJir XmbZo
AgV, g‘OyZ KoV AgV d J«hU H$arV AgV. CnbãY AmhoV. AmO nm{b gm{h˶ gwÕm ‘moR>çm
à‘mUmV CnbãY Amho.
VWmJVm§Zr ñdV… n{hë¶m§Xm Hw$R>o ~m¡{ÕH$
{dH$mg Ho$bm, ˶m§Zr CƒV‘ Aem ñdê$nmMo kmZ nm{b ^mfm {eH$ʶmÀ¶m ÑîQ>rZo d g‘OʶmÀ¶m
àmá Ho$bo, {dewÕ AmMaU Ho$bo, ˶m§Zr Amnë¶m ÑîQ>rZo gmonr Amho. ‘mo½Jbm¶Z ì¶mH$aUmZwgma nm{b
‘ZmVrb gd© {dH$mam§Zm Zme H$ê$Z g§nyU© ‘mZdVoà{V ^mfo‘ܶo Ajam§Mr g§»¶m 43 Amho d H$ƒm¶Z
ào‘, X¶m, H$ê$Um, åm¡Ìr, ‘w{XVm, Cnojm, ‘mZdr ì¶mH$aUZwgma 41 Amho. ‘mo½Jbm¶Z d H$À¶m¶Z
g§doXZ{ebVm {Z‘m©U H$ê$Z bmoH$m§Zm Xw³I ‘wº$sda ì¶mH$aUm‘ܶo Ajam§À¶m g§»¶o‘ܶo hm Omo ’$aH$
‘mJ© gm§{JVbm. Vo Amnë¶m d¶mÀ¶m 35 ì¶m dfu nS>bobm Amho, Vmo nm{b‘Yrb 춧OZ g§»¶o‘ܶo ZgyZ
~wÕËdmbm àmá H$ê$Z {Za§Va 45 dfm©n¶ªV Amnë¶m nm{b‘Yrb ñdam§À¶m g§»¶o‘ܶo Amho. ¶m ^mfo‘ܶo
Yå‘ {dMmam§Mm CnXoe bmoH$m§Zm XoV am[hbo. ˶m§Mm Vmo ì¶mH$aU gyÌm§Mr g§»¶m gwÕm 700/800 nojm OmñV
CnXoe åhUOoM nm{b gm{h˶ hmo¶, {V{nQ>H$ gm{h˶ Zmhr. åhUyZ AmYw{ZH$ ^mfmemómÀ¶m ÑîQ>rZo gwÕm ¶m
hmo¶. ^mfobm ’$ma ‘hÎd Amho.

nm{b ^mfoMm Oa Amnë¶mbm Aä¶mg nm{b ^mfoMm Aä¶mg H$aVmZm nm{b ^mfm
H$amd¶mMm Agob Va Vmo VrZ A§Jm§Zr H$aVm ¶oVmo, hr ‘amR>r, qhXrÀ¶m OdiMr Amho Ago OmUdVo.
Vmo åhUOo - n[a`{Îm, n[Q>n{Îm d n[Q>doXZ. n[a>¶{Îm ì¶mH$aUmMm ^mJ gmoSy>Z {Xbm Va AZoH$ eãX
åhUOo EoHy$Z, dmMyZ, eãXmMm AW© g‘OyZ KoUo. ‘amR>r-qhXr ^mfo‘ܶo nhm¶bm {‘iVmV. CXm. gXm,
n[Q>n{Îm åhUOo ˶mda MMm©, {dMma-{d‘e© H$aUo na‘, gwH$a, A{hV, ¶Xm-H$Xm, A“ma, grV, Wyb,
Am{U n[Q>doXZ åhUOo ˶mMm à˶j AZw^d KoUo A“wbr, dog^ygm, OZZr, ‘wÆ>r, ZJa, ZwVZ B˶mXr.
nm{b‘Ümrb eãXm§Mr Ago {VÝhr A§Jm§Zr Omon¶ªV nm{b ^mfm A{YH$ gmonr H$amd¶mMr Agob Va
AZw^yVr ¶oV Zmhr, Vmon¶ªV nm{b eãXm§Mo g§nyU© kmZ nm{b‘Yrb eãX AmnU ‘mV¥^mfoV ~mobVm§Zm ê$T>
hmoV Zmhr. Ho$bo nm{hOo. CXm. à‘wI-n‘wI, {Zdm©U-{Zã~mZ,
Xþb©^ - Xþ„^, df© - dñg, A{¾-Ap½J, gd©-

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gã~, {Z˶-{Zƒ, nwñVH$-nmoËWH$, {dXçmb¶ - AZoH$ emim, ‘hm{dXçmb¶ d {dXçmnrR>m§‘ܶo
{dÁPmb¶, ³boe-{H$bog, Am¡fY-AmogY, ‘mJ©- {eH${dbm OmVmo. ¶m‘ܶo àm‘w»¶mZo ‘w§~B©, nwUo,
‘½J B˶mXr. åhUyZ nm{b ^mfm {eH$Vm§Zm gd©àW‘ ZmJnya, JS>{Mamobr, A‘amdVr, Am¡a§Jm~mX,
Vr ^mfm H$m¶ Amho? Vr Amnë¶mbm H$em nÕVrZo gmobmnya, Zm§XoS> B˶mXr {dXçmnrR>m§‘ܶo {eH${dbm
~mobVm ¶oB©b? Vr ì¶dhmam‘Yrb ~mobMmbMr ^mfm OmVmo. ¶m {dXçmnrR>m§‘ܶo gwÕm {dXçm϶mªMr g§»¶m
H$er hmoB©b? ¶mÑîQ>rZo nm{b ^mfoMm Aä¶mg H$aUo {Xdg|{Xdg dmT>V Agë¶mMo OmUdVo. ¶mMo H$maU
Amdí¶H$ Amho. ho Amho, H$s ¶m {df¶m‘ܶo ñdmV§Í¶, g‘Vm, ~§YwVm,
ݶm¶ hr OrdZ‘yë¶o, gm‘m{OH$ ‘yë¶o {eH${dbr
gd©gmYmaU nm{b ì¶mH$aUmÀ¶m Aä¶mgmÀ¶m OmVmV. ˶m‘wio à˶oH$mbm {eH${dVmZm ¶m {df¶mMo
ÑîQ>rZo gwÕm nm{b ^mfoMr ñdV§Ì ì¶mH$aU na§nam ‘hÎd gm§JVmZm hm {df¶ g§{dYm{ZH$ nÕVrZo
Amho. àmMrZ H$mimnmgyZ Va AmYw{ZH$ H$mimn¶ªV gm§JVm ¶oVmo. ¶m‘wio Ago åhUVm ¶oB©b H$s, nm{b
~m¡Õ g§ñH¥$Vr, VËdkmZ, B{Vhmg, OrdZ‘yë¶o g‘OyZ {df¶mMo ‘hÎd {dXçm϶mª‘ܶo Am{U g‘mOm‘ܶo
KoʶmÀ¶m ÑîQ>rZo nm{b ^mfoMo ’$ma ‘hËd Amho. ^maVr¶ g§{dYm{ZH$ ‘yë¶o éO{dʶmÀ¶m ÑîQ>rZo gwÕm
àmMrZ ^maVmMm B{Vhmg, amOH$maU, AW©H$maU, A{Ve¶ ‘hÎdmMm {df¶ Amho.
g‘mOH$maU, ^yJmob, gm§ñH¥${VH$ XodmU-KodmU,
^y^mJ B˶mXtZm g‘OyZ KoʶmÀ¶m ÑîQ>rZo gwÕm nm{b nm{b {df¶mÀ¶m ¶m ‘hÎdm‘wioM AmO
^mfoÀ¶m Aܶ¶ZmMo ‘hËd Amho. hm {df¶ Am§Vaamï´>r¶ ñVamda nmohmoMbobm Amho.
^maVmVrb {d{dY {d^mJr¶ {ejU ‘§S>i (Eg.
‘mZdr OrdZmV {Z‘m©U hmoUmar Xþ³I ho Amnë¶m Eg.gr, EM.Eg.gr.) VgoM AZoH$ {dXçmnrR>m§‘ܶo
AkmZm‘wio A{dMmam‘wio {Z‘m©U hmoVmV. àkm~wÕrZo, hm {df¶ {eH${dbm Va OmVmoM, na§Vw OJmVrb AZoH$
{ddoH$~wÕrZo Z dmJë¶m‘wio {Z‘m©U hmoVmV, nm{b Xoem§‘ܶo gwÕm hm {df¶ {eH${dbm OmVmo. {Vgè¶m
^mfo‘Yrb hm Yå‘{dMma BhdmXmbm pñdH$maUmam g§{JVrnmgyZ ¶mMr gwédmV Pmbr. AmO ¶m ^mfoMm
Amho, ‘mZdVmdmX {Z‘m©U H$aUmam Amho. A{Ve¶ ‘moR>çm à‘mUmV àMma-àgma Xoe-{dXoem§V
hmoV Amho. ¶m‘ܶo àm‘w»¶mZo lrb§H$m, Wm¶b§S>,
nm{b hm {df¶ B¶ËVm AmR>drnmgyZ Va ~m§Jbm Xoe, MrZ, OnmZ, H§$~mo{S>¶m, å¶mZ‘ma
nXdr, nXdrì¶wËVa n¶ªV {eH${dbm OmVmo. VgoM B˶mXr AZoH$ Xoem§Mm C„oI H$aVm ¶oB©b.
¶m {df¶mV g§emoYZhr Ho$bo OmVo. {Xdg|{Xdg
¶m {df¶mMm Aä¶mg H$aUmè¶m§Mr g§»¶m dmT>V
Agë¶mMo {XgV Amho. gܶm hm {df¶ ‘hmamï´>m‘Yrb

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