Science_Class-9_2079

a]kmfObf lgDgfg';f/ 5g\ M
-s_ /f;folgs dnx¿ g;8\g] ePsfn] jftfj/0fnfO{ kb| "lift agfp5F g\ .
-v_ /f;folgs dnx¿n] df6fsf] cDnLokg jf Iff/Lokg a9fpg] sfd u5g{ \ .
-u_ df6fdf /f;folgs dnx¿ k|ofu] ug{ yfn]kl5 lgoldt ugk{' g]{ x'G5 . cGoyf df6f] ?vf] xbF' }
hfG5 / pAhfp lgs} 365\ .
-3_ /f;folgs dnsf] ko| fu] n] t/sf/L tyf kmnkm" nsf] kfl] ;nf] / :jflbnfk] g 36]/ hfG5 .

kl/of]hgf sfo{

la?jfdf kfi] fs tŒjsf] sdLn] bl] vg] nIf0fsf] cWoog ug{'xf;] \ . s]xL gdg' fsf] kmf6] f] ;ª\sng
ug'{xf;] \ / tnsf] tflnsfdf lbOPcg;' f/sf] kl| tj]bg tof/ u/L sIffdf k|:t't ugx{' f];\ M

kfi] fs tŒj kf]ifs tŒj kf| Kt df6fdf xg' ] sdLsf]

xg' ] dn nIf0f ;ªs\ lnt gdg' fsf] lrq 6f“:g'xf;] \

gfO6f« ]hg Pdf]lgod ;Nkm]6, kftx¿ kx]Fnf , kmn" ,
Pdfl] god gfO6«6] , kmn / lapsf] cfsf/
ol' /of ;fgf]

km:kmf]/; ================== ============= ===============

kf]6fl;od ================= ============ =================

sL6gfzs ljiffbL (Insecticides)

ljleGg xflgsf/s ls/fn] afnLgfnL pTkfbg 36fpF5 . o:tf xflgsf/s ls/fx¿ dfg{ jf
lgoGq0f ug{ ljleGg ks| f/sf sL6gfzs /f;fogx¿sf] k|of]u ul/G5 . xfd|f] afnLgfnLsf nflu
xflgsf/s ls/f lgoGq0f ug{ / dfg{ ko| f]u xg' ] /f;folgs ofl} usx¿ sL6gfzs ljiffbL xg' \ .
sL6gfzs ljiffbLx¿nfO{ wn' fsf ¿kdf 5s{g] jf t/nsf ¿kdf 5g{] ul/G5 . pbfx/0fsf ¿kdf
dfnflyg sL6gfzs ljiffbLsf] ko| fu] n] t/sf/L afnL, kmnk"mn, cflbdf cfjm| d0f ug]{ ls/f gi6
ug{ ;lsG5 .

ljm| ofsnfk 19.3

tkfO{“sf] j/k/sf] vt] af/L jf aur“} fdf nfUg] xflgsf/s ls/f dfg{ jf lgoGq0f ug{ s] s:tf
sL6gfzs ljiffbL ko| fu] eO/xs] f 5g\, cjnfs] g, ;fw] vf]h / 5nkmn ug'{xf];\ .

-s_ sL6gfzs cfi} fwLsf] ko| f]un] xfdLnfO{ s] kmfObf xf]nf <

-v_ ls/f lgoGq0f ug{ s'g sg' 3/]n' pkfo k|of]u ePsf /x5] g\ <

-u_ s] sL6gfzs cfi} fwLsf] k|of]usf gsf/fTds c;/ klg 5g\ <

lj1fg tyf kl| jlwM sIff ( 297

sL6gfifs ljiffbLsf ks| f/ (Types of insecticides)

ljiffbLx¿nfO{ h}ljs ljiffbL -bioinsecticides_ / /f;folgs ljiffbL -chemical insecticides_
u/L bO' { lsl;dn] juLs{ /0f ul/Psf] 5 .

-s_ hl} js ljiffbL (Bio-insecticides)

:yfgLo ¿kdf kfOg] ls/fx¿n] dg gk/fpg] af6] la?jfsf efu ;ªs\ ng u/L h}ljs ljiffbL
agfpg ;lsG5 . emfn] dfn] Ps hl} js ljiffbLsf] pbfx/0f xf] . uf| dL0f e]usf ls;fgx¿n]
af/Ldf 5g]{ u/]sf] v/fgL klg h}ljs ljiffbLsf] k|of]usf] Ps pbfx/0f xf] . uf| dL0f eu] df
cfn' /f]Kgc' ufl8 c;/' f] /fVg], cGg e08f/gdf lgdsf] kft /fVg], p8'; dfgs{ f nflu
lttk] ftL / lgdsf] emfn] k|ofu] ug{] hl} js ljiffbLsf] ko| fu] sf pbfx/0f x'g\ .

ljleGg ks| f/sf /f;folgs ljiffbLsf] cgl' rt ko| fu] n] ef}lts Pjd\ hl} js jftfj/0fnfO{
kb| "lift u/fp5F . ltgsf] k|of]usf] ;6\6f hl} js ljiffbLsf] k|ofu] ug{ ;lsG5 . h}ljs
ljiffbLn] af6] la?jfdf nfUg] ls/fnfO{ eufpg tyf /fu] af6 hf]ufpg dbt u5{ . o;sf]
k|of]un] df6f] tyf cGo hLjnfO{ c;/ ub}g{ . o;n] dfgj :jf:Yodf klg c;/ kfb}g{ .

lj|mofsnfk 19.4
:yfgLo ¿kdf h}ljs cf}ifwL s;/L agfpg ;lsG5 <

-c_ :yfgLo ¿kdf kfOg] l;:gf], lgd, l6d'/, asfOgf,] c;'/f,] wt'/f,] s]t'sL, ltt]kftL,
t'n;L, afa/L, cb'jf, n;g' , Kofh, cflbsf kft, ;G' tnfsf] afj] |mf h:tf uGw cfpg]
la?jfsf efunfO{ 6j' |mf kf/]/ ld;fpgx' f];\ .

-cf_ 6j' |mf kf//] ld;fPsf] kbfys{ f] lk08sf] nueu cfwf hlt lk08 xg' ] u/L ufd} "q / s]xL
dfqfdf ufOs{ f] ufa] / ld;fpgx' f;] \ . pSt ld>0fnfO{ 15 lbg ;Dd xfjf gl5g]{ u/L
9fs/] /fVgx' f;] \ . ld>0fnfO{ rfF8f] rfF8f] s'xfpgsf nflu hLjf0f' tyf 9';L -lo:6_
ePsf] emf]n /fVg ;lsG5 .

-O_ o;/L tof/ kfl/g] ljiffbLsf] Ps efu;uF tLgbl] v kfrF efu;Dd kfgL ld;fP/
afnLdf 5g{ ;lsG5 .

-v_ /f;folgs ljiffbL (Chemical insecticides)

/f;folgs ljiffbLx¿ cfw} f]lus ¿kdf ljleGg /;fogx¿af6 tof/ kfl/g] of}lus
x'g\ . pbfx/0fsf ¿kdf DDT (Dichloro diphenyl trichloroethane), BHC (Benzene hexa
chloride), dy] f]lS; Snf]/fO8 (methoxy chloride), PlN8g« (aldrin), 8folN8g« (dialdrin)
cflb /f;folgs sL6gfzs ljiffbL x'g\ .

298 lj1fg tyf k|ljlwM sIff (

sL6gfzs ljiffbLsf kmfObf (Advantages of insecticides)

sL6gf;s laiffbLn] afnLdf nfUg] ls/fx¿nfO{ gi6 u/L afnLsf] pTkfbg a9fpF5 . logn]
afnLgfnLsf] /Iff u/]tf klg jftfj/0fdf yk' }| gsf/fTds c;/ l;hg{ f u5{g\ . /f;folgs
sL6gfzs ljiffbLsf] ko| f]u ls;fgsf] OR5f xf]Og afWotf xf] . o:tf /f;olgs kbfYf{ Ps
ks| f/sf ljif xg' \ . lognfO{ ;'/lIft ¿kdf e08f/g ug{k' 5{ .

/f;folgs ljiffbLsf a]kmfObf -Disadvantages of insecticides)

sL6gfzs ljiffbLsf cjz]ifx¿ dfgj z/L/df k|j]z ubf{ :jf:Yodf kT| oIf c;/
k5{ . pbfx/0fsf nflu DDT (Dichloro diphenyl trichloroethane) kfp8/sf] ko| f]un]
Zjf;k|Zjf;;DaGwL /fu] x¿ lgDTofpF5 . /f;folgs ljiffbLsf] ;Dks{df cfpbF f :gfo'k|0ffnL,
ul| Gyk|0ffnLdf cflbdf c;/ k5{ . /f;folgs sL6gfzs ljiffbLsf] ko| fu] n] xfjf, kfgL
/ hldg kb| "if0f xG' 5 . ljiffbLsf] ko| f]un] kfl/l:ylts k4ltdf c;/ k5{ . /f;folgs
sL6gfzs ljiffbLn] xflgsf/s ls/f dfq geP/ pkof]uL ls/f klg dfg]{ u5{g\ . pbfx/0fsf
nflu DDT kfp8/ ldl;Fbf xfjf / kfgL k|b"if0f x'G5 . k|bl" ift kfgLdf hnLo hLjx¿ afRF g
;Sb}gg\ eg] afrF ]sf hLjx¿df k|hgg Ifdtf 36\b} hfG5 . r/f tyf df5fx¿sf] j[l4 /
kh| gg Ifdtfdf sdL cfpF5 .

/f;folgs ljiffbL k|ofu] ubf{ ckgfpg'kg{] ;fjwfgL

sL6gfzs ljiffbLsf] ko| fu] k"j{ o;sf] k|ofu] ljlwaf/] /fd|f];Fu cWoog ug{k5{ . ljiffbL 5g]{
JolStn] ;'/Iffsf nflu pkoS' t kf;] fs nufpgk' 5{ . ljiffbLnfO{ d'VotM cfvF f / d'vsf]
;Dks{df cfpg lbgx' bF' g} . afnLgfnLdf sL6fgzs ljiffbL 5bf{ xfjfsf] lbzflt/ 5g{'k5{ .
ljiffbL 5bf{ afsF L /x]sf] dfqfsf] ;/' lIft e08f/g jf Joj:yfkg ug{k' 5{ . ljiffbL 5g{ k|of]u
ePsf pks/0fx¿nfO{ kfgLsf] dx' fgglhs ;kmf ug{x' b'F g} .

df6fsf] u0' f:t/ ;+/If0f (Conservation of soil quality)

vt] Laf6 pAhgL kf| Kt ug{ df6fsf] lg/Gt/ u'0f:t/ sfod /fVg'k5{ . pAhgL a9fpg cTolws
¿kdf k|of]u u/L /f;folgs kbfy{x¿n] o;sf] u'0f:t/ laufg]{ ;Defjgf x'G5 . df6fsf] u'0f:t/
;+/If0f ug{ bx] fPsf pkfox¿ cjnDag ug{ ;lsG5 M

-s_ df6fsf] u0' f:t/ k/LIf0f ug]{ M an] fa]nfdf df6fsf] u'0f:t/ k/LIf0f ugf{n] df6fn] fO{ s'g
kf]ifs tŒj cfjZos 5 eGg] s/' f yfxf kfpg ;lsG5 . o;sf ;fy} df6fs] f] agf6] cg';f/
s'g k|sf/sf] v]tL pkoS' t xG' 5 eGg] s'/f klg df6f] k/LIf0faf6 yfxf kfpg ;lsG5 .

-v_ pko'St vt] L k|ljlwsf] k|of]u M df6f]sf] u'0f:t/ sfod /fVg rj|mLo vt] L, ldl>t vt] L, sl[ if
rg' sf] k|of]u, kf| ªu\ fl/s dnsf] w]/} ko| fu] , /f;folgs dnsf] sd k|ofu] , pko'St l;FrfO
k|ljlwsf] k|of]u cflb sfo{ ug{ ;lsG5 .

-u_ hldgsf] plrt ko| fu] ug{] M vt] af/L afeF mf] /fVbf j|mdzM o;sf] pa/{ fzlSt x|f; xbF' } hfG5 .

lj1fg tyf k|ljlwM sIff ( 299

kft kltª\u/ 89fpgfn] df6f]df xg' ] pkof]uL ;I" dhLjx¿ gi6 xG' 5g\ . le/fnf] hldgdf
u/f gagfO{ v]tL ubf{ df6fdf ePsf] dn aufP/ n}hfG5 . To;}n] df6fsf] u0' f:t/ sfod
/fVg vt] af/L afeF mf] g/fVg,] v]taf/Ldf kft kltª\u/ g89fpg], le/fnf] hldgdf u/f
agfP/ v]tL ugn{] ufotsf sfo{ ug'{k5{ .

cEof;

!= ;xL pQ/ 5fGgx' f];\ M

-s_ tn lbOPsf dWo] sg' 3/fo;L kbfy{sf] k|of]un] df6fdf xg' ] km:kmf]/;sf] sdL k/" f ug{
;lsG5 <

-c_ v/fgL -cf_ x88\ Lsf] w'nf]

-O_ s/] fsf] af]j|mf -O{_ sf];]afnL

-v_ lrqdf s'g} Ps hldgdf xl' sF{b} u/s] f] dss} f] la?jf bv] fOPsf] 5 .
pSt hldgsf] df6fdf s'g kf]ifs tŒjsf] cfefj /xs] f] xfn] f <

-c_ gfO6f« ]hg -cf_ km:kmf]/;

-O_ kf]6fl;od -O_{ SoflN;od

-u_ tnsf] lrqdf ljleGg :yfgsf] hldgdf x'ls{Psf la?jfsf kftx¿ b]vfOsf 5g\ .
sg' kftn] pSt la?jf xl' s{Psf] hldgsf] df6fdf kf6] fl;odsf] sdL ePsf]
;ª\s]t u5{ <

ABC D

-c_ D -cf_ A

-O_ C -O{_ B

-3_ tnsf dWo] s'g sL6gfzssf] ;d"x xf] <

-c_ kf]6fl;od Snf/] fO8, PlN8«g, a]lGhg x]Shf Snf/] fO8

-cf_ l8l86L, ;fl] 8od Snf]/fO8, PlN8g«

300 lj1fg tyf kl| jlwM sIff (

-O_ 8folN8«g, l8l86L, dy] f]lS; Snf/] fO8
-O_{ kf]6fl;od Snf]/fO8, PlN8«g, dfnflyg
@= km/s 56' o\ fpg'xf];\ M
-s_ /f;folgs dn / h}ljs dn
-v_ /f;folgs sL6gfzs ljiffbL / hl} js sL6gfzs ljiffbL
#= sf/0f n]Vgx' f;] \ M
-s_ hl} js dnsf] k|ofu] jftfj/0fd}qL x'G5 .
-v_ DDT kfp8/sf] k|of]un] kfl/l:ylts k4ltdf c;Gtn' g NofpF5 .
$= tnsf kZ| gsf] pQ/ nV] g'xf;] \ M
-s_ Pglks] -NPK_ dn eg]sf] s] xf] < o;sf] dxŒj nV] gx' f;] \ .
-v_ gfO6f« h] g, km:kmf]/; / kf6] fl;odoS' t dnsf bO' { bO' {cf6] f pbfx/0f n]Vg'xf;] \ .

-u_ lrqdf bv] fOPsf la?jf Pp6} lsl;dsf lapaf6
/f]lkPsf la?jf xg' \ . t'ngfTds ¿kn] bj' } la?jfsf]
ljsf; cj:yf cjnf]sg u/L tL larsf] leGgtfsf] sf/0f
tyf ;d:of ;dfwfgsf pkfo ;'emfpgx' f];\ .

-3_ Ps hgf ls;fg pTkfbg a9fpgsf nflu /f;folgs dnsf] ko| f]u ug]{ ls gug]{ egL
bl' jwfdf 5g\ . tkfOF{n] pgnfO{ s] s:tf ;'emfj lbgx' G' 5 <

-ª_ /f;folgs dn k|of]u ug{ grfxg] s[ifssf nflu /f;folgs dnsf] ljsNk s]
xg' ;S5 < pSt dnsf kmfObf pNn]v ug'{xf];\ .

-r_ /f;folgs sL6gfzs ljiffbL s] xf] < o;sf bO' {cf6] f pbfx/0f n]Vg'xf;] \ .

-5_ hl} js ls6gfzs ljiffbL s] xf] < o;sf b'Oc{ f6] f pbfx/0f n]Vgx' f];\ .

-h_ …/f;folgs sL6gfzs ljiffbLsf] ko| fu] nfO{ h}ljs sL6gfzs ljiffbLsf]
k|ofu] n] lj:yfkg ul/gk' 5{ .Ú o; egfOnfO{ bO' {cf6] f sf/0f;lxt k'li6 ug{x' f];\ .

-em_ /f;folgs dn tyf sL6gfzs ljiffbLsf] ko| f]usf] dxŒj n]Vg'xf];\ .

-`_ cfhef]ln sx] L :yfgx¿df Jofkfl/s ¿kn] kmfObfsf nflu t/sf/L v]tLdf x'g] u/]sf]
cTolws /f;folgs dn tyf /f;folgs sL6gfzs ljiffbLsf] k|ofu] n] dfgj :jf:Yodf

lj1fg tyf k|ljlwM sIff ( 301

gsf/fTds c;/ kf/s] f] 5 . o;;DaGwL rt] gf k}mnfpg sg' } bO' c{ f]6f gf/f -slogan_
n]Vgx' f];\ .

-6_ /f;folgs sL6gfzs ljiffbLsf] cTolws ko| fu] n] kg{] b'O{cf6] f c;/ pbfx/0f;lxt
nV] gx' f;] \ .

-7_ tkfOF{sf] jl/kl/ ko| f]u ul/g] /f;folgs dn tyf /f;folgs sL6gfzs ljiffbLsf
ljsNksf b'O{ b'O{cf]6f pbfx/0f nV] gx' f;] \ .

302 lj1fg tyf k|ljlwM sIff (