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नेपाल सरकार
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पाठ्यक्रम �वकास क

सानो�ठमी, भ�पुर

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kz'kG5Lx¿ ldn]/ sfd u/]sf syfx¿ k9\g kfOG5 . o;}u/L Clifd'lgx¿sf cf>ddf hª\unL
hLjhGt' Clifd'lgs} lzio jf ;Gtfgem“} n'6\k'l6g] u/]sf k|;ª\ux¿ k"jL{o sfJox¿df kfOG5g\ .
o;af6 klg tTsfnLg dflg;sf] ldng;f/ / ;b\efjk"0f{ afgLa]xf]/fsf] cg'dfg ug{ ;lsG5 .
kz'kG5L / hgfj/x¿nfO{ ;dt] cfkm\ gf] k]|d / ;be\ fjn] cfkm"kl| t cfslif{t ug{ ;Sg]
dflg;n] ;a;} “u d]n ldnfk ug{ ;Sg'k5{ . lje]b, c;dfgtf, :jfy,{ r'SnL h:tf t'R5
s'/fx¿n] dfgj ;dfhdfpkbf| ] dlRrg] u5{g\ . o:tf s'/fx¿af6 ;fdflhs ;b\efjdfafwf k'Ug]
ePsfn] o:tf] x'g glbg xfdL ;a};r]t x'g'k5{ .

dflg;df k/f]ksf/sf] efjgf x'g'k5{ . of] p;sf] ljzi] f u0' f xf] . :jfjnDaLkgn] dflg;nfO{
cfTd lge{/ agfp“5 . pbf/ x[bo / Tofusf] efjgfaf6 dflg; dxfg\ aGg ;S5 . o;
lsl;dsf dfgjLo u0' fx¿ ;fdflhs ;b\efj / d]n ldnfksf nflu cfjZos x'G5g\ .
jf:tjdf d]n ldnfk / ;b\efjn] ;dfhnfO{ a:g nfos agfp“5g\ . PSn} a:bf cg]s k|sf/sf
Curriculum
Development Centre
ljljwtf M ljleGgtf, cg]stf t'R5 M rT' yf], lgDg, gLr
cfr/0f
l;sf] M Jojxf/ afwf M s'g} sfddf xg' ] cj/fw]
efOrf/f
cg'ofoL M cg';/0f ;r]t M rt] gf ePsf], xfl] ;of/
lje]b
M bfh'efOsf] gftf k/f]ksf/ M csf{sf] enfO
r'SnL
M cg';/0f ug]{ JolSt :jfjnDaLkg M cfk\mgf] sfd cfkm“n} ] ug{] u0' f

M eb] efj cfTd lge{/ M cfkm“d} f e/ kg{]

M eP gePsf] s/' f nufpg] sfd

18 gk] fnL, sIff ^

;d:of ef]Ug'kg]{ ePsfn] g} dflg;n] ;dfhnfO{ cfk\mgcf] f>o :yn agfPsf] xf] . cfk\mgf] ;'/lIft
cf>o :ynnfO{ dflg; cfkm}“n] ;hfpg'k5{ . o;sf nflu s'g} /ª\uLrª\u;L hfj6sf ;fdfgsf]
cfjZostf kb}{g . dfgj ;dfhdf ;dembf/L / k/:k/df ;xof]usf] efjgf cfjZos x'G5 .

cfk;L k|d] / ldqtf tyf ljrf/sf] sb/ ug]{ afgLn] ;fdflhs d]n ldnfk / ;b\efjsf]
ljsf;df ljz]if dxTTj /fV5 . o:t} ;fdflhs ;b\efj / d]n ldnfksf u'0fx¿s} sf/0fn]
w/] } JolStx¿ dxfg\ ePsf 5g\ . jf:tjdf dflg;nfO{ ;Eo / pGgltzLn agfpg] ljifo eg]s}
;fdflhs ;b\efj g} xf] . To;}n] xfdL ;w:}“ jR5, :j:y / ;d'Ggt ;dfhsf] lgdf{0fdf nfUg'k5{ .
Curriculum
Development Centrecf>o :yn M a:g] 7fp“sb/ M k|z;+ f, ;Ddfg

;hfj6 M ;hfpg] jf l;u“ fg]{ sfd dxTTj M s'g} s'/fsf] ljz]if cfjZostf

;dembf/L M xfl] ;of/L a'b\lwdfgL :jR5 M kmf]xf]/ gePsf]

cEof;

!= tnsf k|Zgsf] Ps jfSodf pTt/ eg M

-s_ dflg;nfO{ lsg ;fdflhs k|f0fL elgPsf] xf] <
-v_ dflg; / kz'df s] km/s 5 <
-u_ xfdLn] s:tf dflg;sf] l;sf] ug'{k5{ <
-3_ ;dfh ljsf;sf afws tTTj s] s] x'g\ <
-ª_ s:tf] efjgfnfO{ k/f]ksf/ elgG5 <
-r_ xfdL sa] f6 cfTd lge/{ x'g ;S5f“} <

@= l7s al] 7s 5'6o\ fpm M

-s_ dflg; ;fdflhs k|f0fL xf] .
-v_ dflg; / c¿ kf| 0fLdf s'g} leGgtf kfOGg .
-u_ d]n ldnfk ug{ g;lsg] s'/f xf] .
-3_ dflg;sf] ljzi] ftf eGg' g} lg/Gt/ cufl8 a9\g' xf] .
-ª_ /fd|f] sfd u/] klg dflg; b]jtf aGg ;Sb}g .
-5_ dflg;n] cfk\mgf ;d:of ldn]/ ;dfwfg ug{ ;dfhnfO{ cf>o :yn agfPsf] xf] .

gk] fnL, sIff ^ 19

Curriculum#= tnsf k|Zgsf] pTt/ n]v M
Development Centre
-s_ ;fdflhs ;b\efjsf] ljsf; s;/L x'G5 <
-v_ dflg; c¿ k|f0fLeGbf lsg >]i7 dflgPsf] xf] <
-u_ ;dfhsf] lgdf0{ f s;/L x'G5 <
-3_ c;n / v/fa dflg;df s] s:tf leGgtf kfOG5g\ <
-ª_ ;dfhnfO{ l;“ufg{ s:tf u0' fx¿ cfjZos x'G5g\ <

$= efj :ki6 kf/ M

-s_ dflg; ljj]szLn k|f0fL xf] .
-v_ ultzLntf ePg eg] t dfgj ;dfh df}nfpg ;Sbg} .
-u_ pbf/ xb[ o / Tofusf] efjgfaf6 dflg; dxfg\ aGg ;S5 .

%= ltd|f] Ifq] df ‘;fdflhs ;be\ fj’ ;DaGwL s] s:tf sfd ePsf 5g\ <
;d'bfosf dflg;x¿;“u ;f]w]/ sIffdf 5nkmn u/ .

^= tnsf egfOsf ;DaGwdf sIffdf ;fyLx¿lar 5nkmn u/L lzIfsnfO{ ;'gfpm M

-s_ h;/L ;dfhljxLg dfgjsf] sNkgf ug{ ;ls“b}g, To;} u/L dfgjljxLg ;dfhsf]
klg cl:tTj x'“bg} .

-v_ ;a;} “u ldqjt\ Jojxf/ ug'{ g} c;n dflg;sf] klxrfg xf] .

zAb e08f/
&= ljk/LtfyL{ zAb;“u hf]8f ldnfO{ sfkLdf ;f/ M

alnof] ;f“rf]
;dfg ;/n
sl7g km/s
unt sdhf]/

;b\efj

20 gk] fnL, sIff ^

*= ldNbf] zAb;“u hf]8f ldnfO{ sfkLdf ;f/M

k|]d dn] ldnfk

Jojxf/ dfof

Pstf cfr/0f

efjgf cl:tTj
Curriculum
Development Centre;b\efj

(= tnsf zAbsf] cy{ n]v M

;b\efj, pTyfg, ljj]s, ;Dkb| fo, ultzLntf, cfTd lge{/, ;hfj6, ;dG' gt

!)= jfSodf k|of]u u/ M

ldqjt\, cu;| / x'g,' /Llt l/jfh, l;sf] ug'{, cfr/0f, ;Eo, pGgltzLn

pRrf/0f / lxHh]
!!= kf7sf cg'R5]bx¿ kfn}kfnf] ;:j/ jfrg u/]/ ;g' fpm .
!@= tnsf zAbnfO{ z'b\w;“u pRrf/0f u/ M

;lxi0f'tf, :jR5, 5'6\ofpg, ;fdYo{, ;lDd>0f, :jR5Gb, cf>o :yn, pR5[ª\vntf,
:jfjnDaLkg, cfTd lge{/

!#= kf7sf] klxnf] / bf];|f] cg'R5]b sfkLdf ;f/ .
!$= kf7af6 ‘0f’ / ‘g’ k|of]u ePsf kf“r kf“r cf6] f zAbx¿ l6k .

sfo{d"ns Jofs/0f 21
!%= k9, a'em / u/ M

 dflg; ;fdflhs k|f0fL xf] .
 of] ufp“ /dfOnf] 5 .
 g]kfn k|fsl[ ts ;Dkbfdf wgL bz] xf] .

g]kfnL, sIff ^

Curriculum xfdL c;n dflg; aGg'k5{ .
Development Centre xfdf| ] b]zsf xl/of kxf8 / ;]tf lxdfn bV] bf ko6{ sx¿ /dfp“5g\ .
 d kl/>dL 5' .
dflysf jfSodf /]vfª\lst zAbx¿n] gfd / ;j{gfd zAbsf] ljz]iftf hgfPsf 5g\ . To;}n]
tL zAbx¿ ljzi] f0f zAb x'g\ .
tn lbOPsf s]xL ljz]if0f zAbnfO{ Wofg lbP/ k9 M
/fdf| ,] g/fd|f,] u'lnof], cldnf], cUnf], xf]rf], af7f,] nf6f], kfNkfnL, emfkfnL, 7'nf], ;fgf], h]7f,]
gof,“ k'/fgf], kftnf], b'Anf], ;Hhg, b'hg{ , abdf;, rnfv, klxnf], bf];|f], w]/}, yf]/}, rf/, kfr“ ,
;ftf“}, cf7f“,} kl/>dL, ul/a, wgL, dv" ,{ g]kfnL, lxdfnL, kxf8L, ufp“n]
kf“r cf]6f ljz]if0f zAb l6k]/ lzIfsnfO{ b]vfpm .

!^= vfnL 7fp“df ldNg] ljz]if0f zAb e/ M

-s_ g]kfn =============bz] xf] .
-v_ ;u/dfyf ;ae} Gbf ===============lxdfn xf] .
-u_ ltd|f] efO =============== 5 <
-3_ emfkfdf a;f]jf; ug]{ dflg;nfO{ ==============elgG5 .
-ª_ ==========alxgL 1fgL 5] .

!&= tnsf zAbx¿dWo] s'g s'g ljzi] f0f zAb x'g\ < 5fg]/ nv] M

g]kfn, d]/f], dnfO{, cfk\mgf], ljzfn, bfgL, u'0fL, ;'g, rf“bL, 6/f]{, x/f{]

!*= kf7sf] kf“rf}]“ cg'R5]baf6 ljzi] f0f zAb vf]hL sfkLdf nv] .

!(= tnsf ljz]if0f zAbnfO{ jfSodf k|of]u u/ M

c;n, v/fa, ljjs] L, bofn', 1fgL, wgL, w]/}, cUnf], 7'nf,] ljzfn

@)= tnsf ljz]if0f zAbsf] ko| f]u u/L cfkm\ gf] sIffsf7] fsf] aofg u/ M

;fgf], 7n' f], ;]tf], sfnf,] s]xL, /fd|f], ;kmf

22 gk] fnL, sIff ^

@!= tnsf hf]8f zAbaf6 ljz]if0f / gfd 5'6\ofpm M

bof — bofn' sNkgf — sfNklgs

zf/Ll/s — z/L/ ks| [lt — kf| s[lts

;'g — ;'gf}nf] ;dfh — ;fdflhs
ld7f] — ld7fO{ ljz]if — ljz]iftf
Curriculum /fi6«
g]kfn — g]kfnLDevelopment Centre/fli6«o — wgL
lstfaL — lstfj wg — ul/a
kl/>dL
3/]n' — 3/ ul/aL — emfkf
dxfg\
e"uf]n — ef}uf]lns kl/>d —
dfgj — dfgjLo emfkfnL —
l;kfn' — l;k dxTtf —

l;h{gfTds cEof;

@@= dflg; ;fdflhs k|f0fL xf] eGg] ljifodf sIffdf 5nkmn u/ .
@#= ljb\ofnodf ;fdflhs ;b\efj lau|g glbg lzIfs ljbo\ fyL{x¿n] s] s]

ug{'k5{ < 5'6\6f5'6\6} ;'emfj n]vL sIffdf ;'gfpm .

g]kfnL, sIff ^ 23

kf7 M # ;fdflhs ;be\ fj

kf7 M #

Curriculum ^(
Development Centre
dflg; ;fdflhs kf| 0fL xf] . To;n} ] p;nfO{ ;dfhsf] cfjZostf k5{ . h;/L ;dfhljxLg
dfgjsf] sNkgf ug{ ;lsb“ g} , To;} u/L dfgjljxLg ;dfhsf] klg cl:tTj xb'“ g} . dflg;
dflg;larsf] cfk;L kd]| , ljZjf;, dn] ldnfkaf6 g} ;fdflhs ;be\ fjsf] ljsf; xG' 5 .
h;/L df6f] / 9ª' u\ f cfk;df ldNbf alnof] uf/f] aG5, To;} u/L dfgj dfgjlarsf]
;DaGwaf6 ;dfhsf] lgdf0{ f xG' 5 . ;dfhdf ljleGg hfthflt, efiffefifL, wd{ ;:+ sl[ tsf
dflg;x¿ a:5g\ . tL ;a;} u“ ldqjt\ Jojxf/ ug{' x/s] dflg;sf] stJ{ o xf] .

;an} ] ;as} f] cl:tTj l:jsfg{' / s;k} l| t c;lxi0f' gaGg' g} ;Eo dflg;sf] lrgf/L xf] . dflg;
dflg;larsf] Pstfsf] efjgfn] ;dfh / /fi6n« fO{ alnof] Pjd\ ljsl;t agfpg dbb\ t u5{ .
To;n} ] xfdLn] cfk;df ldn/] ;ak} l| t ;be\ fj /fv/] ;fdflhs pTyfgdf h6' g\ k' 5{ . cfkm\ g}
;fwg / ;f| t] sf] kl/rfng u/L ;dfh Pjd\ /fi6s« f] gjlgdf0{ f ugk{' 5{ . s;n} fO{ cK7o\ f/f] kbf{
;xofu] ug{ xfdL cu;| / xg' k' 5{ . xfdLdf bof, dfof, s?0ff / dq} Lefj xg' k' 5{ . oL ;a} u0' faf6
g} ;fdflhs ;be\ fjsf] ljsf; xG' 5 .

;dfhljxLg M ;dfh gePsf] pTyfg M ljsf;, pGglt
;be\ fj M /fdf| ] efjgf kl/rfng M /fd/| L rnfpg] sfd
c;lxi0f' M ;xg g;Sg] dq} Lefj M ldqdf xg' ] efjgf

16 gk] fnL, sIff ^

dflg; ljjs] zLn kf| 0fL xf] . dflg; / cGo kf| 0fLsf lardf w/] } s/' fx¿ ;dfg bl] vG5g\ .
kzd' f ljjs] xb“' g} . To;n} ] dflg; kze' Gbf w/] } dfly p7g\ ;kmn ePsf] kf| 0fL xf] . efs]
;an} fO{ nfU5 . lgbf| ;a} kf| 0fLsf nflu Kof/f] xG' 5 . hGdg] / dg{] kl| jm| of ;a} kf| 0fLdf xG' 5 .
;as} f] enfO rfxg,] g/fdf| sfd gug,{] l7s al] 7s 56' o\ fpg ;Sg] zlSt eg] dflg;afxs] sf
c¿ kf| 0fLdf kfOb“ g} . dflg;sf] o:tf] ;fdYo{nfO{ ljjs] elgG5 . oxL ljzi] f u0' f ePsfn]
kf| 0fLx¿df dflg; ;ae} Gbf >i] 7 dflgPsf] xf] .
Curriculum
Development Centre
cgs] hfthflt, wd,{ ;:+ sl[ t, ju,{ ;Dkb| fo, jz] ei" ff, efiff, hLjg zn} L, /Llt l/jfh
cflbsf] ;lDd>0faf6 ;dfhsf] lgdf0{ f xG' 5 . dflg; cfkm\ gf] 1fg, l;k, Ifdtf cflbn] ubf{
;dfhdf cfkm\ gf] kl/ro lbg rfxG5 . dflg;sf] o:tf] leGg :jefjn] ubf{ g} ;dfh
pGglttkm{ nDsb} uPsf] xf] . dflg;df ljzi] f ofu] bfg lbg] pT;s' tf /xg] eg] t ljsf;sf]
dx' fg g} ;S' 5 . ;;+ f/ d?el" d h:t} lg/; / phf8 aGg kU' 5 . dflg;sf] ljzi] ftf eGg' g}
lg/Gt/ cufl8 a9g\ ' xf] . ultzLntf ePg eg] t dfgj ;dfh dfn} fpg ;Sbg} . lg/Gt/
cufl8 a9g\ ] / ;;+ f/nfO{ klg cufl8 a9fpg] zlSTf sj] n dfgj ;dfh;u“ dfq 5 . xfdLn]
;lxi0ft' f, zflGt, ;xofu] , ;be\ fj, dfgjtf / :jtGqtfsf] /Iff ub{} cufl8 a9g\ ] ko| Tg ugk{' 5{ .

;fdYo{ M zlSt, Ifdtf pT;s' tf M rf;f,] cle?lr, OR5f
;Dkb| fo M /; gePsf,] p/f7
jz] ei" ff M vf; ljrf/ jf wd{ dfGg] ;dx" lg/; M p/f7nfUbf], lbSsnfUbf]
;lDd>0f M
njfOsf] 9ªu\ , zn} L cflb phf8 M

ld;fj6, ld>0f

gk] fnL, sIff ^ 17

/fdf| sfd / afgL ax] f/] fn] dflg; bj] tf hlTts} dfGg nfos xg' ;S5 . ;dfhdf ljljwtf
xG' 5 . Ps} ljrf/ / cfr/0f ePsf dflg;x¿ kfpg sl7g xG' 5 . sfx] L c;n t sfx] L
v/fa :jefjsf dflg;x¿ ;dfhdf xG' 5g\ . xfdLn] hlxn] klg c;n dflg;s} l;sf] ugk{' 5{ .
o;af6 JolStdf gl} tstfsf] ljsf; xG' 5 . cfk;L eme} mu8f, lx;+ f, xTof, czflGt / snx
;dfh ljsf;sf afws tTTj xg' \ . o:tf s/' faf6 ;dfhnfO{ dS' t /fVg ;s] zflGt /
;be\ fjsf] ljsf; xG' 5 . ;dfhdf unt / ;xL s/' f 56' o\ fP/ Pstf / efOrf/f sfod ug{
;Sgk' 5{ . dflg; ;/;ªu\ tn] ;w' g| ] kf| 0fL xf] . h:tfsf] ;ªu\ t u¥of] To:t} algg] ePsfn]
c;n jf ;Tos} cgo' foL aGgk' 5{ . xfdLn] ;fdflhs jftfj/0f l7s agfpgk' 5{ . o;sf nflu
;dfhsf ;b:olar cfk;L kd]| / cfb/sf] efj tyf dofl{bt afgL ax] f/] fsf] cfjZostf k5{ . o:tf
s/' fx¿df xfdf| ] ljzi] f Wofg hfgk' 5{ .

ldn/] a:g] afgL dflg;df dfq xfO] g kzk' G5Ldf klg xG' 5 . xfdf| k/' f0fx¿df dflg;, bj] tf /
kzk' G5Lx¿ ldn/] sfd u/s] f syfx¿ k9g\ kfOG5 . o;} u/L Clifdl' gx¿sf cf>ddf hªu\ nL
hLjhGt' Clifdl' gs} lzio jf ;Gtfg em“} n6' k\ l' 6g] u/s] f k;| ªu\ x¿ kj" Lo{ sfJox¿df kfOG5g\ .
o;af6 klg tTsfnLg dflg;sf] ldng;f/ / ;be\ fjk0" f{ afgL ax] f/] fsf] cgd' fg ug{ ;lsG5 .
kzk' G5L / hgfj/x¿nfO{ ;dt] cfkm\ gf] kd]| / ;be\ fjn] cfkmk" l| t cfslift{ ug{ ;Sg]
dflg;n] ;a;} u“ dn] ldnfk ug{ ;Sgk' 5{ . ljeb] , c;dfgtf, :jfy,{ rS' nL h:tf tR' 5
s/' fx¿n] dfgj ;dfhdf pkbf| ] dlRrg] u5g{ \ . o:tf s/' fx¿af6 ;fdflhs ;be\ fjdf afwf kU' g]
ePsfn] o:tf] xg' glbg xfdL ;a} ;rt] xg' k' 5{ .

dflg;df k/fk] sf/sf] efjgf xg' k' 5{ . of] p;sf] ljzi] f u0' f xf] . :jfjnDaLkgn] dflg;nfO{
cfTd lge/{ agfp5“ . pbf/ xb[ o / Tofusf] efjgfaf6 dflg; dxfg\ aGg ;S5 . o;
lsl;dsf dfgjLo u0' fx¿ ;fdflhs ;be\ fj / dn] ldnfksf nflu cfjZos xG' 5g\ .
jf:tjdf dn] ldnfk / ;be\ fjn] ;dfhnfO{ a:g nfos agfp5“ g\ . PSn} a:bf cgs] ks| f/sf
Curriculum
Development Centre
ljljwtf M ljleGgtf, cgs] tf t'R5 M rT' yf,] lgDg, gLr
cfr/0f
l;sf] M Jojxf/ afwf M sg' } sfddf xg' ] cj/fw]
efOrf/f
cgo' foL M cg';/0f ;r]t M rt] gf ePsf,] xfl] ;of/
ljeb]
M bfhe' fOsf] gftf k/fk] sf/ M csfs{ f] enfO
r'SnL
M cg;' /0f ug{] JolSt :jfjnDaLkg M cfkm\ gf] sfd cfkmn}“ ] ug{] u0' f

M e]befj cfTd lge/{ M cfkmd}“ f e/ kg{]

M eP gePsf] s/' f nufpg] sfd

18 gk] fnL, sIff ^

;d:of efU] gk' g{] ePsfn] g} dflg;n] ;dfhnfO{ cfkm\ gf] cf>o :yn agfPsf] xf] . cfkm\ gf] ;/' lIft
cf>o :ynnfO{ dflg; cfkmn“} ] ;hfpgk' 5{ . o;sf nflu sg' } /ªu\ Lrªu\ L ;hfj6sf ;fdfgsf]
cfjZostf kbg{} . dfgj ;dfhdf ;dembf/L / k/:k/df ;xofu] sf] efjgf cfjZos xG' 5 .

cfk;L kd]| / ldqtf tyf ljrf/sf] sb/ ug{] afgLn] ;fdflhs dn] ldnfk / ;be\ fjsf]
ljsf;df ljzi] f dxTTj /fV5 . o:t} ;fdflhs ;be\ fj / dn] ldnfksf u0' fx¿s} sf/0fn]
w/] } JolStx¿ dxfg\ ePsf 5g\ . jf:tjdf dflg;nfO{ ;Eo / pGgltzLn agfpg] ljifo egs] }
;fdflhs ;be\ fj g} xf] . To;n} ] xfdL ;w“} :jR5, :j:y / ;dG' gt ;dfhsf] lgdf0{ fdf nfUgk' 5{ .
Curriculum
Development Centrecf>o :yn M a:g] 7fp“sb/ M kz| ;+ f, ;Ddfg

;hfj6 M ;hfpg] jf l;u“ fg{] sfd dxTTj M sg' } s/' fsf] ljzi] f cfjZostf

;dembf/L M xfl] ;of/L ab' l\ wdfgL :jR5 M kmfx] f/] gePsf]

cEof;

!= tnsf kZ| gsf] Ps jfSodf pTt/ eg M

-s_ dflg;nfO{ lsg ;fdflhs kf| 0fL elgPsf] xf] <
-v_ dflg; / kzd' f s] km/s 5 <
-u_ xfdLn] s:tf dflg;sf] l;sf] ugk{' 5{ <
-3_ ;dfh ljsf;sf afws tTTj s] s] xg' \ <
-ª_ s:tf] efjgfnfO{ k/fk] sf/ elgG5 <
-r_ xfdL sa] f6 cfTd lge/{ xg' ;S5f“} <

@= l7s al] 7s 56' o\ fpm M

-s_ dflg; ;fdflhs kf| 0fL xf] .
-v_ dflg; / c¿ kf| 0fLdf sg' } leGgtf kfOGg .
-u_ dn] ldnfk ug{ g;lsg] s/' f xf] .
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g]kfnL, sIff ^ 19

Curriculum#= tnsf kZ| gsf] pTt/ nv] M
Development Centre
-s_ ;fdflhs ;be\ fjsf] ljsf; s;/L xG' 5 <
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-ª_ ;dfhnfO{ l;u“ fg{ s:tf u0' fx¿ cfjZos xG' 5g\ <

$= efj :ki6 kf/ M

-s_ dflg; ljjs] zLn kf| 0fL xf] .
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%= ltdf| ] Ifq] df ‘;fdflhs ;be\ fj’ ;DaGwL s] s:tf sfd ePsf 5g\ <
;db' fosf dflg;x¿;u“ ;fw] /] sIffdf 5nkmn u/ .

^= tnsf egfOsf ;DaGwdf sIffdf ;fyLx¿lar 5nkmn u/L lzIfsnfO{ ;g' fpm M

-s_ h;/L ;dfhljxLg dfgjsf] sNkgf ug{ ;lsb“ g} , To;} u/L dfgjljxLg ;dfhsf]
klg cl:tTj xb“' g} .

-v_ ;a;} u“ ldqjt\ Jojxf/ ug{' g} c;n dflg;sf] klxrfg xf] .

zAb e08f/
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alnof] ;fr“ f]
;dfg ;/n
sl7g km/s
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;be\ fj

20 gk] fnL, sIff ^

*= ldNbf] zAb;u“ hf8] f ldnfO{ sfkLdf ;f/M

kd]| dn] ldnfk

Jojxf/ dfof

Pstf cfr/0f

efjgf cl:tTj
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(= tnsf zAbsf] cy{ nv] M

;be\ fj, pTyfg, ljjs] , ;Dkb| fo, ultzLntf, cfTd lge/{ , ;hfj6, ;dG' gt

!)= jfSodf ko| fu] u/ M

ldqjt,\ cu;| / xg' ,' /Llt l/jfh, l;sf] ug,{' cfr/0f, ;Eo, pGgltzLn

pRrf/0f / lxHh]
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!@= tnsf zAbnfO{ zb' w\ ;u“ pRrf/0f u/ M

;lxi0ft' f, :jR5, 56' o\ fpg, ;fdYo,{ ;lDd>0f, :jR5Gb, cf>o :yn, pR5ª[ v\ ntf,
:jfjnDaLkg, cfTd lge/{

!#= kf7sf] klxnf] / bf;] f| ] cgR' 5b] sfkLdf ;f/ .
!$= kf7af6 ‘0f’ / ‘g’ ko| fu] ePsf kfr“ kfr“ cf6] f zAbx¿ l6k .

sfo{d"ns Jofs/0f 21
!%= k9, ae' m / u/ M

 dflg; ;fdflhs kf| 0fL xf] .
 of] ufp“ /dfOnf] 5 .
 gk] fn kf| sl[ ts ;Dkbfdf wgL bz] xf] .

gk] fnL, sIff ^

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 d kl/>dL 5' .
dflysf jfSodf /v] fªl\ st zAbx¿n] gfd / ;jg{ fd zAbsf] ljzi] ftf hgfPsf 5g\ . To;n} ]
tL zAbx¿ ljzi] f0f zAb xg' \ .
tn lbOPsf sx] L ljzi] f0f zAbnfO{ Wofg lbP/ k9 M
/fdf| ,] g/fdf| ,] ul' nof,] cldnf,] cUnf,] xfr] f,] af7f,] nf6f,] kfNkfnL, emfkfnL, 7n' f,] ;fgf,] h7] f,]
gof,“ k/' fgf,] kftnf,] bA' nf,] ;Hhg, bh' g{ , abdf;, rnfv, klxnf,] bf;] f| ,] w/] ,} yf/] ,} rf/, kfr“ ,
;ftf,“} cf7f,“} kl/>dL, ul/a, wgL, dv" ,{ gk] fnL, lxdfnL, kxf8L, ufpn“ ]
kfr“ cf6] f ljzi] f0f zAb l6k/] lzIfsnfO{ bv] fpm .

!^= vfnL 7fpd“ f ldNg] ljzi] f0f zAb e/ M

-s_ gk] fn =============bz] xf] .
-v_ ;u/dfyf ;ae} Gbf ===============lxdfn xf] .
-u_ ltdf| ] efO =============== 5 <
-3_ emfkfdf a;fj] f; ug{] dflg;nfO{ ==============elgG5 .
-ª_ ==========alxgL 1fgL 5] .

!&= tnsf zAbx¿dWo] sg' sg' ljzi] f0f zAb xg' \ < 5fg/] nv] M

gk] fn, d/] f,] dnfO,{ cfkm\ gf,] ljzfn, bfgL, u0' fL, ;g' , rfb“ L, 6/f,{] x/f{]

!*= kf7sf] kfr“ f“]} cgR' 5b] af6 ljzi] f0f zAb vfh] L sfkLdf nv] .

!(= tnsf ljzi] f0f zAbnfO{ jfSodf ko| fu] u/ M

c;n, v/fa, ljjs] L, bofn,' 1fgL, wgL, w/] ,} cUnf,] 7n' f,] ljzfn

@)= tnsf ljzi] f0f zAbsf] ko| fu] u/L cfkm\ gf] sIffsf7] fsf] aofg u/ M

;fgf,] 7n' f,] ;t] f,] sfnf,] sx] L, /fdf| ,] ;kmf

22 gk] fnL, sIff ^

@!= tnsf hf8] f zAbaf6 ljzi] f0f / gfd 56' o\ fpm M

bof — bofn' sNkgf — sfNklgs

zf/Ll/s — z/L/ ks| l[ t — kf| sl[ ts

Curriculum;g' — ;g' fn} f] ;dfh — ;fdflhs
Development Centreld7f] —ld7fO{ljzi] f — ljzi] ftf
gk] fn — gk] fnL /fli6o« — /fi6«
lstfaL — lstfj wg — wgL
3/n] ' — 3/ ul/aL — ul/a
eu" fn] — efu} fl] ns kl/>d — kl/>dL
dfgj — dfgjLo emfkfnL — emfkf
l;kfn' — l;k dxTtf — dxfg\

l;hg{ fTds cEof;

@@= dflg; ;fdflhs kf| 0fL xf] eGg] ljifodf sIffdf 5nkmn u/ .
@#= ljbo\ fnodf ;fdflhs ;be\ fj laug| glbg lzIfs ljbo\ fyLx{ ¿n] s] s]

ugk{' 5{ < 56' 6\ f56' 6\ } ;e' mfj nv] L sIffdf ;g' fpm .

gk] fnL, sIff ^ 23

;+jfb eljiosf] ofh] gf

kf7 M $ eljiosf] ofh] gf

-df5fkR' 5]|« pRr dfWolds ljbo\ fnodf, sIff ^ df egf{ ePsf ljbo\ fyLx{ ¿dWo] gfa] {' zk] f,{ ;/nf
u?' ª, /fhg zdf,{ clgtf kl/of/, clg; cG;f/L / cgi' sf ofbj gof“ ljbo\ fyL{ xg' \ . pgLx¿
ljbo\ fnodf e6] ePsf] klxnf] lbg xf] . - ;a} lrl6Ss k/s] f 5g\ . cfhsf] k9fO ;lsPkl5
3/ kmsb“{ } ubf{ pgLx¿lar ePsf] s/' fsfgL tn k:| tt' ul/Psf] 5 M _
Curriculum
Development Centre
gfa] {' M P ¤ ltdLx¿nfO{ gof“ ljbo\ fno cfpb“ f s:tf] nfus] f] 5 x“ <

;/nfM dnfO{ t /dfOn} nfus] f] 5 . ljbo\ fnosf] jftfj/0f /dfOnf] /x5] , k5fl8 kmSof{]
df5fkR' 5|]« lxdfns} sfvdf a;] h:tf,] cufl8 kmj] ftfnsf] dg dfx] s bZ[ o
bl]vg,] jl/kl/ x/fe/f 8f8“ fsf8“ f /x5] g\ . lgs} ;G' b/ :yndf k9g\ kfpb“ f dnfO{ t
lgs} v;' L nfus] f] 5 .

/fhg M cfxf ¤ ;fyL t lgs} ke| fljt eP h:tf] 5 lg ¤ d/] f] 3/ glhss} f] ufpd“ f ePsfn] klg
xfn] f, To:tf] gof“ cge' j t u/s] f] 5g} . ;fyLn] eg] h:t} ljbo\ fnosf] jftfj/0f eg]
/fd] f~rs g} 5 . s;f] x“ < ;fyLx¿ ¤ -;an} ] xf] xf] eG5g\ ._

dg dfx] s M dg nfE] ofpg] g]kfnL, sIff ^
/f]df~rs M /dfOnf,] xlift{ u/fpg]

24

clgtf M xfdL ;a} gof“ gof“ ;fyL k/5] f“} . ljbo\ fno klg gof,“ ufp,“ 7fp“ klg gof“ clg ;as} f
ljrf/ klg gof“ 5g\ ls Sof xf] <

clg; M clgtfn] t gof“ s/' f kf] ;?' ul/g\ t ;fyLx¿ . tkfOx“{ ¿ efl] n s] s:tf] dfG5]
aGg] ljrf/ 5 t <

cgi' sf M ;fyLx¿ d t t/fOd{ f a:5' . aa' fsf] hflu/ ot} ePsfn] tkfOx“{ ¿;u“ e6] 3f6 xg' ]
cj;/ ldNof] . d/] f] t sl[ if ljifo k9/] t/fOd{ f sl[ if Ifq] df ;xofu] k¥' ofpg]
ljrf/ 5 . gfa] {' s] ug{] lg <-;a} km6fkm6 lx8“ 5\ g\ ._
Curriculum
Development Centre
gfa] {' M d/] f] klg t lxdfnL eu] df ko6{ g ljsf; / h8La6' L pbo\ fu] df nfUg] ljrf/ 5 .
gk] fnsf] axd' N" o h8La6' Lsf] ;xL ljsf; u/d] f sfd vfH] g ljbz] hfg} kbg{}
eGg] nfU5, ls s;f] ;/nf <

;/nf M cxf] ¤ ;fyLx¿n] t lgs} 3t nfUbf s/' f kf] ug{ nfu] t . d/] f] dgdf klg Pp6f
ofh] gf lyof] . ;fyLx¿sf s/' f ;G' bf t d/] f klg ofh] gfsf s/' f ;g' fpm“ h:tf] nfUof] .

/fhg M ;g' fpm g t . s:tf] 5 ltdf| ] ofh] gf < -/fhg d;' S' s xf:“ 5 ._

;/nf M xg} , d/] f] ljrf/df bz] df pbo\ fu] , sn sf/vfgf /fdf| ;] u“ ljsf; gxg' fn] xfdf|
gk] fnL bfhe' fO ;a} labl] ;g afWo ePsf xg' \ . oxL bz] df kofK{ t dfqfdf pbo\ fu] ,
sn sf/vfgf eP sfx] L klg ljbz] hfg' kbg{} Yof] xg} / ¤

clgtf M cxf] ¤ ;fyLx¿ tkfOx“{ ¿n] t lgs} /fdf| /fdf| ofh] gf ;fR] ge' Psf] /x5] . d t bz]
ljsf; gxg' d' f /fdf| ] / bIf hgzlSt pTkfbg xg' g;Sg' xf] eGg] 7fG5' . To;n} ]
/fdf| ] lzIfs eP/ bIf hgzlSt pTkfbgdf hLjg ;dk0{ f ug{] ljrf/ 5 d/] f] t .

/fhg M ;fyLx¿sf s/' f ;G' bf d t bªu\ kf] k/“] . d t /fdf| ;] u“ k9/] !@ sIff kf;
u/k] l5 ljbz] k:g] ljrf/ 5 . hdfgf sxf“ kU' of,] ltdLx¿ t sj' fsf] Eofut' f]
eP/ oxL“ a:g] ljrf/ kf] u5f{} af .

cgi' sf M wt\ ¤ /fhgnfO{ rflx“ lsg ljbz] sf] xfjfn] 5fP] sf] xfn] f lg <

ko6{ g M dxTTjk0" f{ 7fpx“ ¿sf] ed| 0f ug{] sfd

ax'd"No M w/] } dN" o ePsf]
hgzlSt M hgtfsf] zlSt, dfgj zlSt
;dk{0f M ;Ddfgkj" s{ lbg] sfd, ;D' kg] sfd

g]kfnL, sIff ^ 25

;+jfb eljiosf] of]hgf

/fhg M -/fhg gfs vD' Rofpb“ } _ xg} ;fyLx¿ ¤ ltdLx¿ bz] sf] kl/l:ylt / ljZj kl/jz] ;u“
kl/lrt 5g} f} h:tf] 5 . bz] df pbo\ fu] , lahn' L, af6f3] f6f,] hgzlSt ljsf;nufotsf
kj" fw{ f/sf] sdL 5 . To;n} ] dnfO{ oxf“ a;/] hLjg pGgt xfn] f h:tf] nfUbg} .

clgtf M cxf] ¤ /fhg ltdL lsg olt lg/fzfjfbL < ltdLn] eg] h:tf] ;a} Ifq] df cfzf
ug{} g;lsg] l:ylt sxf“ 5 / < bz] sf] ljsf; ug{] egs] f] t ltdL, xfdL g} t xf]
lg ¤ xfdLn] /fd|f];“u k9]/ cfcfkm\ gf] tkm{af6 /fdf| sfdx¿ u/]/ b]zsf]
ljsf; ug'{kb{5 . kml] / bz] ljsf; ug{] egs] f] s/' f /ftf/ft xg' ] klg t xfO] g . -
clgtfsf] cgx' f/ dlng xG' 5 ._
Curriculum
Development Centre
gfa] {' M xf,] clgtfn] l7s s/' f ul/g\ . bz] agfpg] gt] fn] dfq klg xfO] g lg . x/s]
gful/sn] gl} tstf / Odfgbf/Lsf ;fy cfcfkm\ gf] stJ{ o k/' f ug{] u/d] f bz]
cufl8 al9xfN5 lg .

;/nf M cxf] ¤ s/' f t w/] } cfP, /fhg lsg rk' a;s] f] < ;a} oxL bz] df a;/] cfkm\ gf] sfd
stJ{ o k/' f ug{ ;s] t bz] cufl8 a95\ lg . dn} ] cl3 g} eg] lg, bz] ljsf;sf]
dn" cfwf/ pbo\ fu] / sn sf/vfgf g} xf] . To;n} ] sl[ if, ko6{ g, pmhf{ cflb ;a}
Ifq] pbo\ fu] sf ¿kdf ljsf; ugk{' 5{ . d/] f] t To;t} km{ nfUg] ljrf/ 5 .

clg; M dnfO{ klg ljbz] hfg' /fdf| ] s/' f xfO] g h:tf] nfU5 . xfdLn] kf| ljlws 1fgsf]
ljsf; ugk{' 5{ . ljbz] uP/ csfs{ f] rfs/L uge{' Gbf t :jbz] d} a;/] sx] L
ugk{' 5{ eGg] nfU5 . xfdf| nflu xfdf| cleefjs / /fHon] u/s] f] nufgLsf]
kl| tkmn ljbz] df lbg' /fi6s« f nflu lxt xg' ] s/' f xfO] g . xfdf| nflu bz] n]
u/s] f] ofu] bfg bz] sf nflu g} lkmtf{ ugk{' 5{ . ljbz] cge' j a6N' g hfg,] gof“
1fg, l;k, kl| jlw l;Sg hfg] s/' f l7s 5 . ljbz] d} a:g] s/' f /fi6e« St gk] fnLsf
nflu ;x' fpg] s/' f xfO] g, s;f] /fhg <

lg/fzfjfbL M hLjgdf cfzf gug,{] pT;fx kb} f gug{] g]kfnL, sIff ^
g}ltstf M ;xL jf unt 56' o\ fpg] rt] gf, ljjs]
kf| ljlws M kl| jlw ;DaGwL, Jofjxfl/s, ko| fu] dn" s
nufgL M pbo\ fu] , Jofkf/ cflbdf k;} f nufpg] sfd
kl| tkmn M nufgLaf6 cfPsf] kmn, ldlxgt] af6 kf| Kt kmn
ofu] bfg M dxTTjk0" f{ ;xofu] , ljzi] f el" dsf, bg]
/fi6«eSt M bz] kl| t ;dlkt{ , bz] sf] dfof ug{]

26

/fhg M dn} ] klg bz] d} a:g' xb“' g} eg/] t sxf“ egs] f] x“' / < oxf“ a;/] sx] L sfd ug{}
;lsb“ g} eGg] lrGtf kf] t ¤ t/ ;as} f s/' f ;G' bf dnfO{ oxL“ sfd ug{] hfu“ / a9s] f]
5 . x/] f“} , eljiodf s] xG' 5 <

clgtf M dnfO{ t clg;sf] s/' f w/] } /fdf| ] nfUof] . bz] sf] nufgLaf6 ;j] f lbg] an] fdf ljbz]
hfg] s/' f /fdf| ] xfO] g . t;y{ xfdL h:tf efl] nsf s0fw{ f/x¿n] oxL“ a;/] sx] L
ug{] ljrf/ agfpgk' 5{ . ;an} ] oxL s/' fdf k0| f u/f“} g .
Curriculum
Development Centre
gfa] {' M xG' 5 t ;fyLx¿ ¤ ca 3/ klg cfpg nfUof,] 56' l\ 6g] an] f klg eof] . gof“
;fyLx¿;u“ olt uxg s/' f ePsfdf w/] } v;' L nfUof] . xfdL ;a} o;} bz] df a:gk' 5{ . s;n} ]
lzIfs eP/ bIf hgzlSt pTkfbg ugk{' 5{ . s;n} ] pbo\ fu] , sn sf/vfgf vfN] gk' 5{ .
s;n} ] ko6{ g Joj;fo ug,{] s;n} ] h8La6' L pbo\ fu] ugn{] ufotsf sfo{ u//] bz] nfO{
pHHjn eljiodf nh} fgk' 5{ . /fhg klg cfkm\ gf] ljrf/ kl/jtg{ u/ n ¤

/fhg M ;fyLx¿sf c;n ljrf/af6 d klg ke| fljt eP“ . dn} ] klg of] bz] d} ug{} ;lsGg
eGg] s/' f t u/s] f] xfO] g . ljbz] hfb“ f rf8“ f] pGglt, ku| lt ug{ ;lsG5 ls eGg]
ljrf/ kf] /fvs] f] x“' . l7s} 5, ljbz] uP klg pGgt 1fg, l;k, k|ljlw l;s/]
:jbz] d} kms/{] bz] sf] ;j] f u/fn“} f lg .

clgtf M n t /fhgsf] klg ljrf/ kl/jtg{ eP h:tf] 5 . o;af/d] f xfdf| ] sIffdf klg
5nkmn ugk{' 5{ . u?' nfO{ o; -d/] f] eljiosf] ofh] gf_ ljifodf ljbo\ fyL{ ;fyLx¿nfO{
cfkm\ gf] ljrf/ k:| tt' ug{] sfoj{ m| d ;~rfng ug{ cg/' fw] ugk{' 5{ . clg ;as} f s/' f klg
t yfxf xG' 5 . s;f] ;fyLx¿ ¤ n t cfh labf xfc] f“} . ;an} fO{ gd:sf/ ¤

-gd:sf/ eGb} ;a} cfk;df labf xG' 5g\ . _

s0f{wf/ M ;d:ofaf6 dl' St lbg]
k|0f M kl| t1f, c7f6] , b9[ lgZro

g]kfnL, sIff ^ 27

;j+ fb eljiosf] of]hgf

cEof;

!= tnsf kZ| gsf] pTt/ eg M

-s_ o; kf7df hDdf slt hgf kfq 5g\ <

-v_ clgtf kl/of/sf] hLjgsf] nIo s] xf] <

Curriculum-u_ gfa] {' zk] fs{ f] eljiosf] ofh] gf s:tf] 5 <
Development Centre
-3_ clgtfsf] ljrf/df bz] ljsf; gxg' ] sf/0f s] xf] <

-ª_ ltdLn] eljiodf s] ug{] ljrf/ u/s] f 5f} <

@= kf7sf cfwf/df l7s al] 7s 56' o\ fpm M

-s_ gfa] n{' ] ko6{ g ljsf; / h8La6' L pbo\ fu] df nfUg] ljrf/ /fv] .

-v_ xfdLn] kf| ljlws 1fgsf] ljsf; ug{' xb“' g} .

-u_ /fHon] u/s] f] nufgLsf] kl| tkmn ljbz] df lbgk' 5{ .

-3_ pGgt 1fg, l;k / kl| jlwsf] ko| fu] u/L bz] sf] ljsf; ugk{' 5{ .

#= tnsf egfO s;sf xg' \ < kTtf nufO{ nv] M

-s_ d/] f] t t/fOd{ f sl[ if Ifq] df ;xofu] k¥' ofpg] ljrf/ 5 .

-v_ d/] f] klg t lxdfnL eu] df ko6{ g ljsf; / h8La6' L pbo\ fu] df nfUg] ljrf/ 5 .

-u_ hgtfsf 5f/] f5f/] L /fhgLlts gt] T[ jdf ku' s] f 5g\ .

-3_ bz] ljsf;sf] dn" cfwf/ pbo\ fu] , sn sf/vfgf g} xf] .

-ª_ ljbz] uP/ csfs{ f] rfs/L uge{' Gbf t :jbz] d} a;/] sx] L ugk{' 5{ .

$= tnsf kZ| gsf] 5f6] f] pTt/ nv] M

-s_ ‘eljiosf] ofh] gf’ eGgfn] s] al' emG5 <

-v_ x/s] gful/sn] s] u/d] f cfcfkm\ gf] stJ{ o k/' f u/s] f] dflgG5 <

-u_ clgtfn] lsg lzIfs xg' ] ljrf/ u/s] L xfl] ng\ <

-3_ ljbz] hfg] /fhgsf] ljrf/ ltdLnfO{ s:tf] nfUof] <

-ª_ bz] sf] eljio pHHjn agfpg] pkfo s] s] xg' \ < gk] fnL, sIff ^

28

zAb e08f/

%= p:t} cy{ xg' ] zAb;u“ hf8] f ldnfO{ sfkLdf ;f/ M

/fd] f~rs ofU] o

ljsf; pT;fx

CurriculumbIf pGglt
Development Centre
Joj;fo k;] f

hfu“ / /dfOnf]

hgzlSt

^= ldNbf] zAb;u“ hf8] f ldnfO{ sfkLdf ;f/ M

lrl6Ss lx8“ g\ '
km6fkm6 kg{'
d;' S' s cfpg'
6K' nS' s a:g'
yrSs xf:“ g'
pkm| g'

&= cy{ atfpm M

;G' b/, e08f/, ko6{ g, ofh] gf, ljsf;, ;Ifd, bIf, gt] T[ j

*= cy{ vN' g] u/L jfSodf ko| fu] u/ M

jftfj/0f, sfv, cge' j, sl[ if, pTkfbg

pRrf/0f / lxHh]

(= kf7df ko| fu] ePsf kfqx¿sf] ;j+ fb xfpefp ;lxt k9/] ;g' fpm .

!)= tnsf zAb zb' w\ ;u“ pRrf/0f u/ M

eljio, gfa] ,{' jftfj/0f, ke| fljt, sl[ if, pbo\ fu] , pHHjn 29

gk] fnL, sIff ^

;j+ fb eljiosf] of]hgf

!!= afn] fO / nv] fOsf] km/s ae' m M

afn] fO nv] fO

/fd] fGrs /fd] f~rs

;Grfng ;~rfng

Curriculum!@= tnsf zAbx¿ zb' w\ u//] ldNof] ldng] ;fyLnfO{ bv] fpm M
Development Centre
k/6] g, sgw{ f/, bfhe" fO,{ gt} Lstf, k/0f

sfod{ n" s Jofs/0f

!#= tnsf jfSox¿ k9/] gfd zAb l6k M

df5fkR' 5|] pRr dfWolds ljbo\ fnodf sIff ^ df egf{ ePsf ljbo\ fyLx{ ¿dWo] gfa] {' zk] f,{
;/nf u?' ª, /fhg zdf,{ clgtf kl/of/, clg; cG;f/L / cgi' sf ofbj gof“ ljbo\ fyL{
xg' \ . pgLx¿ :jbz] df g} kl/>d ug{ /fdf| ] 7fGb5g\ .

!$= k9, ae' m / u/ M

-s_ of] xfdf| ] ljbo\ fno xf] .

-v_ 5 sIffdf w/] } ljbo\ fyL{ 5g\ .

-u_ gfa] ,{' ;/nf / /fhg d;' S' s xf;“ ] .

-3_ /fhgn] eGof,] æclgtfnfO{ yfxf ePg .Æ

-ª_ P ¤ ltdLx¿nfO{ gof“ ljbo\ fno cfpb“ f s:tf] nfus] f] 5 x“ <

-r_ cfxf ¤ ;fyL t lgs} ke| fljt eP h:tf] 5 .

-5_ wt\ ¤ /fhgnfO{ lsg ljbz] sf] xfjfn] 5fP] sf] xfn] f lg <

-h_ ltdLx¿nfO{ ljbo\ fnosf] jftfj/0f s:tf] nfus] f] 5 <

-em_ ltdf| ] emfn] f s:tf] 5 < g]kfnL, sIff ^

30

dflysf jfSodf k0" f{ lj/fd -._, cNk lj/fd -,_, pbu\ f/ lrxg\ -¤_ / kZ| g lrxg\ -<_ sf] ko| fu]
ul/Psf] 5 .

jfSo k/' f ePkl5 k0" f{ lj/fd lrxg\ ko| fu] ul/G5 . kbx¿ / jfSosf lardf 5f6] f] cl8gsf
nflu cNk lj/fd lrxg\ sf] ko| fu] ul/G5 . xif,{ lj:dft, 30[ ff, cfZro{ cflb dgsf] efj
ae' mfpg / ;Dafw] gsf] ;Gbed{ f pbu\ f/ lrxg\ sf] ko| fu] ul/G5 . sg' } ljifosf] hfgsf/Lsf
nflu kZ| g ubf{ kZ| g lrxg\ sf] ko| fu] ul/G5 .
Curriculum
Development Centre
kf7 k9/] k0" f{ lj/fd, kZ| g lrxg\ , pbu\ f/ lrxg\ / cNk lj/fdsf] ko| fu] ul/Psf bO' { bO' { cf6] f
jfSo l6k .

!%= tnsf lrxg\ ko| fu] u/L bO' { bO' { cf6] f jfSo agfpm M

k0" f{ lj/fd lrxg\ .

kZ| g jfrs lrxg\ <

cNk lj/fd lrxg\ ,

pbu\ f/ lrxg\ ¤

l;hgfT{ ds cEof;

!^= lzIfsn] lbPsf] ljifodf cfwfl/t eO{ xfpefp;lxt bO' { bO' { hgflardf
;j+ fb u/L sIffdf ;g' fpm / cfkm\ gf] afn] fOsf] ;w' f/ ug{ ;e' mfj dfu .

!&= kqklqsf cWoogsf] dxTTj zLifs{ /fvL bO' { hgflarsf] Ps ;j+ fb nv] .
!*= labfsf lbg 3D' g hfb“ f ;fyLx¿;u“ ePsf] s/' fsfgLsf cfwf/df

;j+ fb nv] .

gk] fnL, sIff ^ 31

kf7 M % ;flxTosf/ ejfgL leIf'

ejfgL leÔ' gk] fnL ;flxTodf ;k' l/lrt gfd xf] . ‘leIf’' pgsf] pkgfd xf] . pgsf]
jf:tljs gfd ejfgLk;| fb uK' tf xf] .

Curriculum
Development Centre
pgsf] hGd lj=;=+ !(^^ ;fn h7] @! ut] slknj:t'
lhNnfsf] tfl} nxjfdf ePsf] xf] . pgL lktf OGbk| ;| fb
uK' tf / dftf ozfb] fbj] Lsf dflxnf 5f/] f lyP . ltg rf/
jifs{ f] pd/] df pgnfO{ lakm/n] ´G8} dT[ os' f] dv' df
k'¥ofPsf] lyof] .

Tolt an] f lakm/sf] cfi} fwL kTtf nfus] f] lyPg . ufpn“ x] ¿
ufpd“ } ;fwf/0f pkrf/ uy{] . t/fOd{ f lakm/ nfus] f
aRrfnfO{ ejfgLsf] dlGb/df nu/] arfObp] m eGg] ks' f/f
ul/GYof] . oxL cGw ljZjf;df k/L pgsL cfdfn] klg

dlGb/df nlug\ / 5f/] f] arfObp] m egL leIff dflug\ . cfdfn] pgnfO{ an] s' f dlGb/d} 5f8/]
bj] Lsf] pkf;gf ul/g\ . laxfg hfb“ f pgL d/s] f lyPgg\ . cfdfn] 3/df NofP/ pkrf/ u/k] l5
pgL afr“ ] . To;kl5 pgsL cfdfn] pgsf] gfd g} leSvf /flvlbOg\ . o;} cfwf/df ejfgLk;| fb
uK' tfn] ejfgL ‘leÔ’' eg/] cfÇgf] ;flxlTos gfd /fh] ] . ToxL gfd g} gk] fnL ;flxTodf Pp6f
clj:d/0fLo gfd /xg kU' of] .

OGbk| ;| fb uK' tf tfl} nxjfsf hldgbf/ lyP . To;sf/0f leÔs' f] afNosfn ;'vd} laTof] .
/fdf| ] kfng kfi] f0f / lzÔfbLÔfdf pgL xs' b“{ } uP . pgn] ef/tsf] ljbo\ fnodf cWoog ug{
;?' u/] . cfk} rfl/s ¿kdf pRr lzÔf xfl;n ug{] dfs} f pgnfO{ ldng] . cWoogzLn
:jefjn] ubf{ pgL :jfWoogdf nflu/x] . kmn:j¿k pgL ;kmn ;flxTosf/sf ¿kdf
:yflkt x'g ;s] .

;k' l/lrt M /fdf| ;] u“ kl/ro ePsf,] /fdf| ;] u“ lrgs] f] gk] fnL, sIff ^
k'sf/f M k|fy{gf
leIff M lev, dfUgn] fO{ lbOg] bfg
clj:d/0fLo M la;g{ g;lsg]
hldgbf/ M kz| :t hUuf hldg ePsf] JolSt
:jfWoog M lzIfslagf cfkm}“ cWoog ug{] sfd

32

‘xg' ] la?jfsf] lrNnf] kft’ eg] ´“} ejfgL leÔn' ] ;fg} pd/] bl] v ;flxTo ;j] fdf ?lr bv] fP .
leÔd' f cjwL, lxGbL, pb,{' cªu\ h]| L, ;:+ st[ , aªu\ fnL / gk] fnL efiffsf] /fdf| ] 1fg lyof] . pgsf]
dfte[ fiff rflx“ cjwL xf] . cf/Dedf pgL lxGbL ;flxTotkm{ cfslift{ ePsf lyP . af/ jifs{ }
pd/] df ‘kt| fk’ eGg] klqsfdf pgn] cfkm\ gf] lxGbL sljtf klg 5kfPsf lyP . pgn] ‘pb’{'
efiffdf klg sljtf / sxfgLx¿ nv] s] f lyP . sx] L syf / kz| :t sljtfx¿ kqklqsfdf
ks| flzt u//] sd pd/] d} leÔ' lxGbL ;flxTosf kf7sx¿sf lardf kl/lrt ePsf lyP .

lj=;=+ !(*& df leÔ' ky| d k6s sf7df8f“} lelqPsf lyP . Toxf“ /xb“ f ;flxTo;j] L
Cbl\ waxfb/' dNn / slj l;bl\ wr/0f >i] 7;u“ pgsf] ;Dks{ a9o\ f] . pgLx¿n] leIfn' fO{
gk] fnL ;flxTo /rgf ug{ pTkl]| /t u/] . lxGbL ;flxTosf] dfx] df kl/;ss] f leÔn' ] gk] fnL
;flxTosf Ôq] df kj| z] u/] . pgL gk] fnL ;flxTo ;fwgfdf ;n+ Ug eP . ToxL ;Dks{ g} gk] fnL
;flxTosf] ;j] f ug{ pgsf lglDt ;g' fn} f] cj;/ ;flat eof] . lj=;=+ !((# df ‘zf/bf’
klqsfdf ‘ljofu] /flq’ zLifs{ sf] sljtf 5kfP/ leÔ' gk] fnL ;flxTodf kj| z] ug{ ku' ] . pgn]
nueu $) jif;{ Dd gk] fnL ;flxTosf] ;j] f u/] . To;kl5 pgn] u/s] f] sfdn] ;an} fO{ k/]| 0ff
lbG5 . gk] fnL efiff bf;] f| ] efiff gxg' x] ¿sf lglDt t pgL cgs' /0fLo g} /x] .

h:tf;] s' } ;ªs\ 6sf] cj:yfdf klg leÔs' f] ;flxlTos kl| tef slxNo} lzlyn bl] vPg . pgL
kml' sP{ / pTtfpnf] xg' ] / /fP] / bM' v dgfp ug{] :jefjsf lyPgg\ . leÔ' ;/n hLjg latfpg
rfxGy] . efjs' JolStTj ePsf leIf' ;a;} u“ ld7f] afN] y] . pgsf] :jefj ldhfl;nf] lyof] . pgL
kd]| k0" f{ efjgfdf ;w“} /dfpy“ ] . pgsf ;Dksd{ f cfpg] JolSt pgsf] Jojxf/af6 ke| fljt
xG' y] . pgL ;fyLefO egk] l5 x?' Ss xG' y] / pgLx¿nfO{ cfkm" sxf“ afn] fP/ ld7f ld7f
s/' fx¿ ;g' fpy] . ‘d/] f] ;fgf] ;fyL’ sf syfsf/ leÔd' f s6] fs6] LnfO{ klg ;fyL;/x Jojxf/
ug{] ljzi] ftf lyof] .

leÔ' dV' o ¿kdf gk] fnL sljtf, pkGof; / syf ;flxTosf lqj0] fL x'g\ . pgL sljtfdf
eGbf pkGof;df / pkGof;df eGbf syfdf a9L ;kmn bl] vG5g\ . cfkm\ gf /rgfdf
dflg;sf ;xh afgL ax] f/] fsf] lrq ptf//] pgn] gk] fnL ;flxTonfO{ gof“ af6f] bv] fPsf 5g\ .
Curriculum
Development Centre
dfx] M cf;lSt, kd]|
zLif{s M sg' } klg nv] /rgfsf nflu lbOPsf] gfd gk] fnL, sIff ^
cg's/0fLo M l;sf] ug{ nfos
efj's M efjgfdf axg]
ljzi] ftf M nÔ0f, ljzi] f lsl;dsf] u0' f
lqj0] fL M ltg gbLsf] dn] jf ;ªu\ d

33

pgsf] ;flxlTos ljzi] ftf klg oxL xf] . pgn] cfkm\ gf syfdf dflg;sf] dgleq ul' D;P/
/xs] f OR5f / cfsªI\ ffx¿sf] lrq0f u/s] f 5g\ .

leIfs' f 5fof, ks| fz / kl/isf/ sljtf ;ªu\ x| ks| flzt 5g\ . kfOk g=+ @, ;e' bf| aHo} /
cfut pgsf pkGof; xg' \ . ug' sz] /L, do} f“ ;fxa] , cfjt{ / cjfGt/ pgsf syf ;ªu\ x| xg' \ .
cfut pkGof;sf lgldTt pgnfO{ ;f´f k/' :sf/ / dbg k/' :sf/ kb| fg ul/Psf] lyof] .
lj=;=+ @)#^ ;fnsf] lqej' g k1| f k/' :sf/n] ;dt] pgnfO{ ;Ddflgt ul/Psf] lyof] . pgL
tTsfnLg gk] fn /fhsLo k1| f kl|ti7fgsf] :yfkgf sfn lj=;=+ @)!$ bl]v g} To;sf ;b:o lyP .
lj=;=+ @)@* ;fnbl] v pgL To; ;:+ yfsf cfhLjg ;b:osf ¿kdf ;Ddflgt ePsf lyP .
k1| f kl| ti7fgdf /xb“ f pgL ;flxTo ljefusf] ;o+ fh] s ;dt] eP / ;flxTosf] ;j] f u/] .

leÔ' lj=;=+ @)#* ;fn jz} fv $ ut] kmfS] ;fs] f] SofG;/n] k/nfs] eP . gk] fnL ;flxTosf
Ps ;fwssf] cGTo xb“' f ;an} ] gld7f] cge' j u/] . pgL d//] uP klg pgsf /rgfn] pgnfO{
cd/ agfPsf] 5 . gk] fnL ;flxTosf] ljsf;df cdN" o ofu] bfg k¥' ofpg] leIfs' f] ;w“ } sb/ ug{'
xfdL ;as} f] stA{ o xf] .

;fws M nfdf] ;do;Dd lg/Gt/ cEof; ug{] JolSt
cdN" o M dfn] df abNg g;lsg,] dxTTjk0" f{
Curriculum
Development Centre
cEof;
gk] fnL, sIff ^
!= pTt/ eg M

-s_ leÔs' f] hGd slxn] / sxf“ ePsf] lyof] <
-v_ leÔs' f] jf:tljs gfd s] xf] <
-u_ leÔn' fO{ sg' sg' efiffsf] 1fg lyof] .
-3_ leÔn' fO{ sg' sg' k/' :sf/n] ;Ddflgt ul/Psf] lyof] .

34

Curriculum@= vfnL 7fp“ e/ M
Development Centre
-s_ ejfgLk;| fb uK' tfsf] ;flxlTos gfd ================= xf] .
-v_ leÔs' f] hGd lj=;=+ ============================== df ePsf] xf] .
-u_ leÔs' f] dfte[ fiff ================= lyof] .
-3_ sf7df8f“} cfPkl5 ;flxTo;j] L================== ;“u leÔs' f] ;Dks{ a9o\ f] .
-ª_ ========================= zLifs{ sf] sljtf zf/bfdf ks| flzt u/L leÔ' gk] fnL

;flxTodf kj| ]z u/]sf xg' \ .
-r_ leÔn' ] @)#^ ;fnsf=] ======================== k/' :sf/ kfP .

#= l7s al] 7s 56' o\ fpm M

-s_ leÔs' f] hGd slknj:t' lhNnfsf] tfl} nxjfdf ePsf] xf] .
-v_ leÔs' f] afn] fpg] gfd ejfgLk;| fb uK' tf lyof] .
-u_ leÔn' ] ;f´f k/' :sf/ / dbg k/' :sf/ klg kfPsf lyP .
-3_ leÔn' ] ;?' bl] v g} gk] fnL ;flxTosf] ;j] f u/] .
-ª_ leÔs' f /rgfdf dflg;sf :jfefljs afgL ax] f/] fsf] lrq ptfl/Psf] xG' 5 .

$= tnsf kZ| gsf] pTt/ nv] M

-s_ leIfs' f] afNosfn s;/L laTof] <

-v_ leÔ' gk] fnL ;flxTotkm{ s;/L cfslift{ eP <
-u_ leIfs' f] hLjgLaf6 s:tf] k/]| 0ff kfpg ;lsG5 <

-3_ leIfs' f syfdf s] ljzi] ftf kfOG5 <
-ª_ leÔs' f] ;flxTo ;j] fsf] sb/ s;/L ul/Psf] 5 <

-r_ leIfs' f sl[ tx¿sf gfd s] s] xg' \ <

%= efj lj:tf/ u/ M

-s_ ‘xg' ] la?jfsf] lrNnf] kft’ eg] em“} leIfn' ] ;fg} pd/] bl] v ;flxTo ;j] fdf ?lr bv] fP .
-v_ pgL kml' sP{ / pTtfpnf] xg' ] / /fP] / bM' v dgfp ug{] :jefjsf lyPgg\ .

35 gk] fnL, sIff ^

zAb e08f/

^= ldNbf] zAb;u“ hf8] f ldnfO{ sfkLdf ;f/ M

dftf OR5f
a]nf cfdf
:jefj ;do
rfxgf pkf;gf
cdN" o afgL

dxTTjk0" f{

&= tnsf zAbsf] cy{ nv] M

Kof/f,] pkgfd, :jefj, ko| f;, dfs} f, kf7s, kz| :t, sb/

*= cy{ vN' g] u/L jfSodf ko| fu] u/ M

ldhfl;nf,] cge' j, ;ªs\ 6, dfte[ fiff, cfhLjg, lzlyn, pkf;gf
Curriculum
Development Centre
pRrf/0f / lxHh]
(= ;flxTosf/ ejfgL leIfs' f] hLjgL kfnk} fnf] k9/] sIffdf ;g' fpm .
!)= tnsf zAb zb' w\ ;u“ pRrf/0f u/ M

leÔ,' tfl} nxjf, lrq0f, zLifs{ , kqklqsf, efjs' , lqj0] fL

!!= zb' w\ kf//] sfkLdf ;f/ M

cgs' /gLo, l/bl\ waxfb/' dNn, cWog;Ln, dxtfk] g' ,{ tj[ g] L

!@= kf7af6 bL3{ Osf/ xg' ] zAb vfh] /] nv] .

sfod{ n" s Jofs/0f gk] fnL, sIff ^
!#= k9, ae' m / u/ M

-s_ leIfs' f] jf:tljs gfd ejfgLk;| fb uK' tf xf] .
-v_ pgsf] hGd tfl} nxjfdf ePsf] lyof] .
-u_ pgn] ;flxTodf 7n' f] ofu] bfg lbPsf lyP .

36

dflysf jfSox¿df xf,] lyof,] lyP h:tf ljm| ofkb cfPsf 5g\ . oL ljm| ofkbn] jfSosf] sfd
hgfPsf 5g\ . kf7df ko| fu] ePsf bv] fP, lyP, uy,{] nlug,\ kU' of] cflb klg ljm| ofkb xg' \ .

kf7df ko| fu] ePsf cGo !) cf6] f ljm| ofkb l6k/] lzIfsnfO{ bv] fpm .

!$= tn lbOPsf] 9fr“ f /fd/| L k9/] ljm| ofkbsf af/d] f hfg M

Curriculumwft' kT| oo dn" zAbljm| ofkb
Development Centre
u/\ g' ug{' u5,{ u5,{] u5g{ ,\ ul5g{ ,\ u5f{“}
k9\ g' k9g\ ' u5;{ ,\ u5f,{} u5o\ f,{} ugx{' G' 5
a;\ g' a:g' k9o\ f,] k9L, k9]
kl9;,\ k9o\ f,“} k9g\ ' eof]
xf“;\ g' xf:“ g' a:g] 5, a:g] 5,] a:g] 5;] ,\ a:g]
5;,\ a:g] 5f,} a:g] 5o\ f}
a:g] 5,' a:g] 5f“}
xf:“ nf, xf:“ nL, xf:“ nfg\
xf:“ nf;,\ xf;“ fn} f

plNnlvt tflnsfdf h:t} u/L tn lbOPsf wfta' f6 Ps Ps cf6] f
ljm| ofkb agfpm M

dfu,\ ku' ,\ a9,\ u/,\ xg' \

!%= ldNbf] ljm| ofkb /fvL vfnL 7fp“ e/ M

-s_ leIfs' f] jf:tljs gfd ejfgLk;| fb uK' tf ======================.

-v_ leIfs' f lktf hldgbf/ ======================.

-u_ leIf' efjs' :jefjsf ======================.

-3_ leIf' syfdf ;kmn ======================. gk] fnL, sIff ^
-ª_ xfdL ;an} ] leIfs' f] sb/ ======================.

37

!^= pbfx/0fdf bv] fP h:t} u/L tnsf ljm| ofnfO{ jfSodf ko| fu] u/ M

pbfx/0f M cfpg' = bfh' 3/ cfpg'x'G5 .

lbg' = afN] g' = 3D' g' = hfg' =

a:g' = vN] g' = k9g\ ' = cfpg' =

Curriculum
Development Centre
l;hg{ fTds cEof;
!&= lbOPsf ab“' fx¿sf cfwf/df 5f6] f] hLjgL nv] M

gfd M nv] gfy kf8} n]

hGd:yfg M u08sL c~rn, sf:sL lhNnf, c3fc{} rn{ ]

hGdldlt M lj=;=+ !($! kfi} f @^ ut]

lktf M bu' fb{ Tt kf8} n]

dftf M j;G' w/fbj] L

– !% jifs{ f] pd/] df ltgwf/f ;:+ st[ kf7zfnfdf egf{ eO{ ;:+ st[ Jofs/0fdf
dWodf;Ddsf] cfk} rfl/s cWoog

– lj=;=+ !(%^ bl] v ;:+ st[ / gk] fnLdf sljtf nv] g cf/De
– gk] fnL ;flxTodf cfwl' gs sfnsf cf/Destf{
– sljtf sfJoafxs] gf6s Ifq] df klg kl| ;bw\
– @))* ;fndf /fhf lqej' gaf6 lz/fd] l0fsf] pkflw
– t?0f tk;L, Ct' ljrf/, ab' l\ w ljgfb] , ;Tosln ;j+ fb cflb sl[ tx¿sf] /rgf
– lj=;=+ @)@@ ;fn kmfug' & ut] lgwg

!*= cfkm\ gf ufp7“ fps“ f sg' } Ps ;Ddflgt JolStsf] hLjgL nv] L lzIfsnfO{
bv] fpm .

38 gk] fnL, sIff ^

kf7 M ^ vfn] f

– ;Todfx] g hfz] L

Curriculum8f8“ f sf8“ f jg ;a 8n' L, eL/sf vf“]raf6 .
Development Centreaf6f] vfH] b} xg' x' g' ' u/L, kmf5'{ x} emf/kft ..
7Ss/\ vfP olb au/df, e5{' ufgf /dfO{ .
8Nnf kfP klg glhsdf, nfG5' af6f] agfO{ ..!..

xfu“ f aLu+“ fx? ;a em/,] ÇofS“ 5' bfof“ / afof“ .
;fgf tf/fx? tn em/,] hfG5' vn] fO{ 5fof ..
3D' bf 8f8“ f jl/kl/ 8n' L, dfl] tsf] aG5' dfnf .
embf{ gfRt} tnlt/ auL, ;k{ em“} u5{' rfnf ..@..

7n" f ;fgf kmgg ed' /L, 366\ h:t} 3'dfO{ .
;fgf kmfs] f km/km/ p;,} km6' 6\ /fdf| ] p7fO{ ..
df5f sL/fx? klg ;a}, leqleq} grfO{ .
;b{} n8b\ } x/// u/L, aU5' gfrL s/fO{ ..#..

vf“]r M bO' { kxf8sf larsf] ulx/f] / ;f3“ /' f] 7fp“
au/ M gbLsf bfofa“ fof“ lsgf/fsf] anf6} ] hldg
ufgf M uLt
df]tL M Ps ks| f/sf] axd' N" o ;t] f] /Tg
e'd/L M vfn] f, gbL cflbsf] kfgL 3d' s] f] 7fp“ jf cj:yf
36\6 M kfgLsf] wf/n] sf7sf] kªv\ f 3d' fO{ lk7f] lkW“ g] 7n' f] vfnsf] hft“ f] h:tf] ;fwg

g]kfnL, sIff ^ 39

Curriculum;fyL vfh] L kn' x? 8n' L, vN] 5' xf;“ /] gfrL .
Development Centreaf/LnfO{ dnhn lbO,{ hfG5' zfe] f agfO{ ..
;fyL bv] ] k/lt/ ot,} xifn{ ] ;f; km]/L .
gfrL xf;“ L ;xh o;/L, lx8“ 5\ ' sn} ] gkmsL{ ..$..

zfe] f M ;'Gb/tf
xif{ M k;| Ggtf, v;' L

cEof;

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sfo{d"ns Jofs/0f czb' w\

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cflbsf] l7s 9ªu\ n] ko| fu] xg' ' cfjZos 5 .

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ed' l/, kn" , aG5," gkmls,{ ;fly, j/Lkl/, o;l/, afl/

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ufpn“ x] ¿ p;nfO{ dflxnf eg/] afn] fpy“ ] . bfhe' fOsf lardf cz+ aG8f ubf{ p;sf] efudf
dtfg 3/ k¥of] . pm ToxL“ 3/df a:g yfNof] . ufpn“ x] ¿n] p;nfO{ dtfg] dflxnf eg/]
af]nfpg yfn] . dtfg] dflxnfsf bO' { 5f/] f lyP . h7] f 5f/] fnfO{ 7n' ] / sfG5fnfO{ ;fg] eg/]
;fgb} l] v afn] fpg] ul/GYof] . To;n} ] ufpe“ / tL bj' } 7n' ] / ;fg] eg/] lrlgPsf lyP . bO' { jifs{ f]
pd/] km/s eP tfklg bj' } bft“} / ldn]sf ;fyL h:t} lyP .

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Curriculum
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;Nnfxcg;' f/ afas' f] pkrf/ ug{ wfdL emfj“ m| L nufP t/ Hj/f] /fl] sPg . cGTodf Ps
;ftfsf] Hj/fn] ] dtfg] dflxnf] o; ;;+ f/af6 labf eof] . 7n' ] / ;fg] cfdfafa' gePsf 6x' /' f
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6ª' u\ fd] f k¥' ofof] . cz+ aG8f ubf{ cGgkfgL, ef8“ fx¿ / hUuf hldg cfwf cfwf efu
56' o\ fpg ufxf| ] ePg . pgLx¿n] ;fgb} l] v dfof u//] kfns] f] kf8L dfp e;“+} L eO;ss] f]
lyof] . Tof] dfp e;“+} L efu nufpg eg] ufxf| ] eof] lsgeg] o;nfO{ cfwf cfwf kfg{
;lsb“ }gYof] . e+;}“ L bO' { at] laofO;ss] f] lyof] . olt a]nf klg ng} f] lyof] . laxfg an] 'sf
u//] Ps kfyL bw' lbGYof] . cz+ aG8f ul/lbg] afw} dfgn] e;“} L ar] /] cfwf cfwf k;} f af8“ g\ '
l7s xG' 5 eGg] ;Nnfx lbP . ;fgb} l] v :ofxf//] xs' fP{ sfn] bj' n} ] e;“} L aR] g rfxg] g\ .
afw} dfgn] Pp6fn] Ps at] , csfn{] ] csf{] at] kfNg] / bw' vfg] eGg] s/' f u/] . 7n' n] ] of]
k:| tfj klg dfgg] . pm efOnfO{ sfd nufP/ cfkm" bw' vfg] ;fr] fOdf lyof] .

Odfgbf/ M Odfg ePsf,] ljZjfl;nf]
ldng;f/ M hf;] u“ klg ldNg,] ;a;} u“ 3n' ldn xg' ]
kml' tn{ f] M hf“ul/nf]
8f9] M 8fxf ug,{] csfs{ f] Oi{ of{ ug{]
kf8L M e;“} Lsf] kfy] L aRrf
cs:dft\ M crfgs
cN5L M sfddf lglijm| o, sfd gug{]
cGgkfgL M vfg] / lkpg] j:t'
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46
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Development Centreeof] . 6fpsfk6l\ 6sf] efu Pp6fn] / kR' 5/k6l\ 6sf] efu csfn{ ] lng] eP . efu /fH] g
sfG5f] ePsfn] ;fgn] fO{ nufOof] . ;fgn] ] 6fpsfk6l\ 6 /fH] of] . af7f] 7n' ] v;' L eof] lsgeg]
kR' 5/k6l\ 6af6 bw' / ufa] / kfOGYof] . kR' 5/k6l\ 6sf] efu lngn] ] 3f;“ sf6g\ ' kbg{} Yof] .
bfDnf] km' sfP/ r/fpg nfg' klg kbg{} Yof] .

dtfg 3/nfO{ cfwf cfwf af//] bj' } bfhe' fO ;u“ } a;] . uf7] eg] Pp6} lyof] . e;“} L klg Pp6}
lyof] . kf8f] ;fgf] ePsfn] To;nfO{ 56' 6\ } uf7] rflxb“ g} Yof] . 7n' n] fO{ e;“} Ln] kmfOb} kmfObf
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bw' bx' ] sfd k/' f xG' Yof] . ;fg] eg] d/L d/L 3f;“ sf6Y\ of] . e;“+} L r/fpg nh} fGYof] . e;“+} LnfO{
gx' fOwj' fO ul/lbGYof] . oL sfd ubf{ p;n] g bw' kfpY“ of] g t af/Ldf xfNg] ufa] / g}
kfp“Yof] .

bfh' bw' vfP/ xi[ 6ki' 6 ePsf] lyof] . af/Ldf kofK{ t ufa] / dn Psnf6} L xfNg kfPsfn]
p;sf] afnLgfnL klg nxnx ;ks]| f] lyof] . ;fg] ldlxgt] uYof{] t/ bw' bxLlagf lg:tf] eft
vfgk' Yof{] . dn gxg' fn] af/L ?lvPsf] lyof] . afnLgfnL klg lsljm| Ss k/s] f] lyof] .
5f/] f5f/] Ln] bw' vfg klg kfpb“ }gy] . pgLx¿ b'Anf / Vofp6] lyP .

Ps lbg ;fgn] ] dgdg} ;fR] of,] ‘bw' vfgn] ] 3f;“ klg t sf6g\ k' g{] xf] lg . e;“} LnfO{ s8“' f]
ksfP/ lbgk' g{] klg xf] . dn} ] 3f;“ s8“' f] vj' fPsfn] e;“} Ln] bw' / ufa] / lbPsf] xf] . bw' bx' g'
/ ufa] / kmfNg w/] } ;do klg nfUbg} . d eg] lbge/ sfd u5{' t/ sfd ug{] sfn' ds} vfg]
efn' eg] h:t} eP“ . ca d 3f;“ klg sf6l\ bg,“ e;“} L klg r/fpl“ bg, s8“' f] klg lbGg“ . bw'
vfgn] ] ugk{' 5{ lg of] ;f/f sfd . x/] f“} g ¤ slt bw' cfpb“ f] /x5] 3f;“ , vfn] ] gvj' fPkl5
slTtsf] ufA] of| pb“ f] /x]5 .’ ;fgn] ] an] s' f e;“} LnfO{ s8“' f,] 3f;“ sx] L lbPg .

7n' ] laxfg} p7o\ f] . p;nfO{ ufa] / ;fg] { cln l3g nfUYof] . To; lbg ufa] / Ps yfkf| ] dfq
lyof] . p;n] yf/] } ufa] / bv] /] v;' L x“b' } ufa] / kmfNof] . 7n' n] ] e;“} L bx' g' ] afN6L Nofof] . p;n]
kf8L 5fl] 8lbof] / b'w bx' g' a:of] . lxhf] cl:t Ps afN6L bw' lbg] e;“} Ln] cfh Ps dfgf hlt
dfq b'w lbof] . ng} f] e;“} Lsf] bw' lsg 36o\ f] eg/] 7n' n] ] Psl5g ;fR] of] .

xi[ 6ki' 6 M alnof] / df6] f]
n}gf] M ev/{ laofPsf]

gk] fnL, sIff ^ 47