nigt

lbge/ 7n' ] ufpd“ f uP/ ulkmGYof] . To; lbg klg ufpl“ t/ nfUof] . otf ;fgn] ] e;“} LnfO{
lbp;“ f] r/fpg klg nug] , 3f;“ , s8“' f] klg lbPg . ;fe“ m k/k] l5 7n' ] 3/ cfof] . e;“} L cfO“
cfO“ ub{} s/fpb“ } lyof] . pm klxn] ufa] / ;f5] {' clg bw' bx' G' 5' egL afN6L lnP/ uf7] leq
l5¥of] . e;“} Ln] clnslt ufA] of| Psf] /x5] . efs] fP/ kmgkmg 3D' bf Tof] ufa] / sN' r/]
htftt} 5l/Psf] /x5] . 7n' n] ] ufa] / l6k/] kmfNof,] kf8L 5f8] o\ f] / b'w bx' g' a:of] . efs] f] e;“} Ln]
lsg bw' lbGYof] . otf / plt lx8g\ yfNof] . 7n' n] fO{ e;“} L;“u l/; p7o\ f] . glhs} af;“ sf] 3fr] f]
lyof] . ToxL 6kSs l6k/] 7n' n] ] e;“} LnfO{ lk6o\ f] . e;“} L hf8] n] an ub{} kmgkmg 3D' bf afN6L
lnP/ plePsf] 7n' ] e;“} Lsf] wSsfn] dn vfN8fd] f k5fl/of] . p;sf] nu' fdf ufa] / nfUof] . 7n' ]
emg\ l/;fof] . p;n] kml] / e;“} LnfO{ lk6o\ f] . e;“} L bfDnf] r8“' fP/ pkm| “b} af/Llt/ nfUof] .

xNnfvNnf ;g' /] ;fg] aflx/ lgl:sof] . cl3 cl3 e;“} L kl5 kl5 xftdf af;“ sf] ef6f] lnP/
bfO lx8“ s] f] bv] /] ;fg] e;“} L ;dfTg af/Llt/ nfUof] . aNntNn ;fgn] ] e;“} L afW“ of] . afw“ s] f]
e;“} LnfO{ klg 7n' n] ] lk6g\ cf“6s] f] lyof,] ;fgn] ] /fS] of] . e;“} Ln] lsg bw' lbPg eGg] s/' f ;fgn] fO{
yfxf lyof] . p;n] bfOnfO{ eGof,] æbM' v u//] 3f;“ s8“' f] lbg] / r/fpg] sfd klg dn} ] u/s] fn]
e;“} Ln] bw' lbPsf] lyof] . efOn] o:tf] bM' v u/s] f] 5 eg/] tkfOn“{ ] slxNo} ;fR] ge' Pg . g bw'
g ufa] / dn} ] e;“} Lsf] :ofxf/ dfq ugk{' ¥of] . To;n} ] kmfObf lngn] ] sfd klg ugk{' 5{ eg/] dn} ]
e;“} LnfO{ 3f;“ , s8“' f] lbOg“ . e;“} Ln] b'w glbgs' f] sf/0f ToxL xf] . e;“} L s6' /] b'w cfpb“ g} , ufa] /
klg embg{} . 3f;“ sf6/] lbgx' f;] ,\ clg dfq bw' , dn bj' } kfOG5 . d t ca e;“} Lsf] :ofxf/
ulb{g“ .Æ
Curriculum
Development Centre

kmgkmg M ju] n] 3D' g] tl/sf gk] fnL, sIff ^

48

efOsf s/' fn] 7n' ] jfNn k¥of] . e;“} Ln] bw' glbgs' f] sf/0f yfxf kfof] . p;n] Psl5g ;fr] /]
eGof,] æ;fg] xfdL bj' } ldn/] e;“} Lsf] :ofxf/ u/f“} . bw' / ufa] / klg bj' n} ] a/fa/ af8“ f}“ .Æ
bfhs' f] s/' fdf ;fg] dGh/' eof] . p;n] eGof,] æ:ju{] xg' ] an] fdf afn] egs] f] s/' f klg oxL t xf,]
ldn/] sfd u/L ldn/] kmfObf lng" . tkfOn“{ ] PSn} a7o\ fO“ bv] fPsfn] of] ;d:of cfPsf] xf] .Æ
To; lbgbl] v bj' n} ] ldn/] e;“} Lsf] x/] rfx ug{ yfn] . bj' } klxn] em“} ldn/] a:g yfn] .

jfNn M lhNn kg{] sfd
Curriculum
Development CentrecEof;

!= lzIfsn] k9s] f] ;g' /] syfsf] kfr“ f,}“ 56} f“} / ;ftf“} cgR' 5b] df cfwfl/t tnsf
kZ| gsf] pTt/ eg M

-s_ afw} dfgn] e;“} Lsf] efuaG8f ug{] s] s] ol' St lgsfn] <
-v_ ;fg] / 7n' n] ] lsg e;“} L aR] g rfxg] g\ <
-u_ lsg ;fgn] fO{ bfhe' Gbf klxn] efu /fH] g nufOof] <
-3_ s;n] sfd dfq ugk{' ¥of] <
-ª_ 7n' s] f] efudf k/s] f sfd / kmfObf s] s] xg' \ <

@= kf7sf cfwf/df l7s al] 7s 56' o\ fpm M

-s_ dtfg] dflxnfsf bO' { 5f/] f lyP .
-v_ 7n' ] ldng;f/ / ldlxgt] L lyof] .
-u_ bfh' bw' vfP/ xi[ 6ki' 6 ePsf] lyof] .
-3_ ;fgn] ] e;“} LnfO{ lk6o\ f] .

#= tnsf kZ| gsf] pTt/ nv] M

-s_ dfgaxfb/' nfO{ ufpn“ x] ¿n] lsg dtfg] dflxnf] egs] f xg' \ <
-v_ 7n' ] / ;fg] s:tf s:tf :jefjsf lyP <
-u_ dtfg] dflxnfsf] pkrf/ s;/L ul/of] <

g]kfnL, sIff ^ 49

-3_ e;“} L af8“ g\ lsg sl7g eof] <
-ª_ ;fgn] ] lsg e;“} Lsf] 6fpsfk] 6l\ 6sf] cfwf efu /fH] of] <
-r_ a7o\ fO“ bv] fpg] 7n' n] fO{ ;fgn] ] s;/L l7s kf¥of] <
-5_ o; syfn] lbg vfh] s] f] lzIff s] xf] <

$= kf7sf cfwf/df sIffdf 5nkmn u/ .

-s_ ;fg] ldng;f/, Odfgbf/ / km' ltn{ f] / ldlxgt] L lyof] .
-v_ ldn/] sfd u/L ldn/] kmfObf lngk' 5{ .

%= o; syfsf kfqx¿dWo] ltdLnfO{ sf] h:t} aGg dg nfUof] < nv] .
Curriculum
Development CentrezAb e08f/

^= ldNbf] cy;{ u“ hf8] f ldnfO{ sfkLdf ;f/ M

6kSs lgNg'
kmgkmg km8s\ g'
36' S' s 3D' g'
km6Ss l6Kg'
kg{'

&= tnsf zAbsf] cy{ nv] M

kl/>d, cN5L, afnLgfnL, bft“} /, xi[ 6ki' 6

*= cy{ vN' g] u/L jfSodf ko| fu] u/ M

jfNn, :ofxf/, ldng;f/, hxfg, ng} f]

pRrf/0f / lxHh]

(= dflysf] kf7 kfnk} fnf] k9/] ;fyLx¿nfO{ ;g' fpm . gk] fnL, sIff ^
!)= k:| 6;u“ pRrf/0f u/ M

e;“} L, cz+ aG8f, bft“} /, km' ltn{ f,] pkfo, :ofxf/

50

Curriculum !!= ;RofP/ nv] M
Development Centre
j;,{ kf9L, s8' f,] ;d;of, dgh/'

!@= o; syfsf] klxnf] cgR' 5b] lzIfsn] egs] f] ;g' /] nv] .
!#= kf7af6 o÷P ko| fu] ePsf kfr“ kfr“ cf6] f zAb l6k .

sfo{d"ns Jofs/0f

!$= k9, ae' m / u/ M

– dtfg] dflxnfnfO{ cs:dft\ Hj/f] cfof] .
– 7n' ] cN5L lyof] .
– 7n' ] bw' VofP/ xi[ 6ki' 6 ePsf] lyof] .
– e;“} Ln] Ps dfgf bw' lbGYof] .
– pgLx¿ cfk;df ldn/] a:g a:y] .
dflysf jfSodf cfof,] lyof,] lbGYof,] a:y,] yfn] h:tf ljm| ofkbx¿ ko| fu] ePsf 5g\ . o;
lsl;dsf ljm| ofkbn] lats] f] ;dodf sfd ePsf] hgfp5“ g\ . lats] f] ;donfO{ et" sfn
elgG5 . lats] f] ;dodf sfd ePsf] hgfpg] ljm| ofkbnfO{ et" sfnsf] ljm| ofkb elgG5 .
kf7af6 et" sfnsf ljm| ofkb ko| fu] ePsf kfr“ cf6] f jfSox¿ sfkLdf nv] .

!%= wfta' f6 et" sflns ljm| ofkb agfpm M

hf, vf, nv] ,\ k9,\ afn] ,\ vn] ,\ gfr\

!^= tnsf wfta' f6 et" sfnsf ljm| ofkb agfpm M

pbfx/0f M ;fr] \ ± of] = ;f]Rof] .
/fv\ ± P“ = /fv]“ .
nv] \ ± of} = n]Vof} .
hfg,\ eg,\ lx8“ \ ;s,\ /fh] ,\ a;,\ nfu,\ p7\

g]kfnL, sIff ^ 51

Curriculum!&= tn lbOPsf ljm| ofkbnfO{ jfSodf ko| fu] u/ M
Development Centre
´¥of,] u¥of,] s/fO,{ xf¥of,] /fv,“] l6lkg,\ 8fs]

!*= tnsf ljm| ofkbnfO{ et" sfndf abn/] jfSodf ko| fu] u/ M

pbfx/0f M ;D´G5' – dn} ] ;fyLnfO{ ;D´“] .
la;G{ 5f,}“ xfl“ :5g,\ ´S' 5g,\ kfN5, hfG5

!(= et" sfnsf ljm| ofkb ko| fu] u//] ltdLn] lxhf] u/s] f sfdx¿ nv] .
@)= k9, ae' m / u/ M

bfhe' fOsf lardf cz+ aG8f ubf{ p;sf] efudf dtfg 3/ k¥of] . pm ToxL 3/df
a:g yfNof] . ufp“ nx] ¿n] p;nfO{ dtfg] dlxnf eg/] afn] fpg yfn] . dtfg] dlxnfsf
bO' { 5f/] f lyP .
dflysf uf9f cIf/ ko| fu] ePsf ljelSt xg' \ . n,] nfO,{ åf/f, af6, sf,] sf, sL, /f,]
/f, /L, gf,] gf, gL ljelSt xg' \ . jfSodf ko| fu] ePsf zAbx¿nfO{ Ps csfd{ f
56' o\ fpg jf ;DaGw bv] fpgsf nflu zAbx¿df nfUg] lrxg\ nfO{ ljelSt elgG5 .
kf7af6 ljelSt ko| fu] ePsf !) cf6] f jfSox¿ 5fg/] nv] .

l;hg{ fTds cEof;

@!= tn lbOPsf lgbz{] gsf] ;xofu] lnO{ Pp6f syf nv] /] sIffdf ;g' fpm M

sg' } tnfpdf bO' { cf6] f Eofut' f a:g' ============= tnfp ;S' g yfNg' =========
tnfpsf] vfh] Ldf lx8“ g\ ' ============== Pp6f Ogf/ e6] g\ ' ============ Pp6f
Eofut' f] v;' L eO{ Ogf/df k;f“} eGg' ================= csf{] Eofut' fn] Ogf/ klg
tnfp h:t} ;s' d] f s;/L aflx/ lg:sg] eGg' ================= Eofut' fn] hjfkm
lbg g;Sg' .

@@= cfkm\ gf] 6fn] jf ufp“ df rns] f sg' } Ps syf nv] /] sÔfdf ;g' fpm .

52 gk] fnL, sIff ^

kf7 M * sl[ ifdnsf] ko| fu]

Curriculum ^(
Development Centre
vt] af/Ldf nufOPsf afnLgfnLnfO{ xs' fp{ g, a9fpg / kmnfpg ls;fgx¿n] ko| fu] ug{] dn
g} sl[ ifdn xf] . o;sf] ;Gtl' nt ko| fu] af6 af6] la?jf ;kG| 5g\ eg] c;Gtl' nt ko| fu] af6
6flS;G5g\ . To;n} ] slt hldgsf] sg' afnLdf slt dfqfdf dn ko| fu] ug{] eGg] 1fg klg
ls;fgx¿nfO{ xg' ' cTofjZos 5 . o; s/' fdf ;rt] gxb“' f gfS] ;fgL ax] fg] k{' g{] xg' ;S5 .
vt] LkftL ubf{ sg' } hUufdf /fdf| ] pAhgL xG' 5 eg] sg' d} f xb“' g} . df6f,] kfgL, lap, dn /
ldlxgt] ;a} s/' f ldns] f] hldgdf g} a9L pAhgL xG' 5 . /fdf| ] pAhgLsf nflu pGgt lap,
dnhn, uf8] dn] , pj/{ df6f,] 3fdkfgL cflbsf] cfjZostf k5{ . h;/L dflg;nfO{ kfl} i6s
cfxf/fsf] cfjZostf k5{ To;/L g} af6] la?jfnfO{ dnsf] vfr“ f] k5{ . sl[ ifdn vt] LkftLsf
nflu geO{ gxg' ] tTTj xf] .

kf| ªu\ fl/s dn / /f;folgs dn u/L sl[ ifdn dV' o bO' { ks| f/sf xG' 5g\ . df6fs] f] pj/{ f
zlSt a9fpg oL bj' } y/L dnsf] ko| fu] ul/G5 . pj/{ f zlSt egs] f] af6] la?jfsf nflu

s[lifdn M afnLgfnLdf k|ofu] ul/g] dn
6flS;g' M km:6fpg g;Sg'
kf| ªu\ fl/s dn M kft kltªu\ / vf8ndf sx' fP/ ufp3“ /d} tof/ ul/Psf] dn, 3/n] ' dn
/f;folgs dn M sf/vfgfaf6 pTkflbt ljsf;] dn

g]kfnL, sIff ^ 53

rflxg] vfbo\ kbfy{ pknAw u/fpg] tTTj xf] . df6fd] f Tof] tTTj sfod /fVgs} nflu
sl[ ifdnsf] ko| fu] ul/G5 . kf| ªu\ fl/s dn eGgfn] ufa] / dn, sDkf:] 6 dn, xl/of] dn,
hl} js dn eGg] al' emG5 . o:tf] dnnfO{ uf7] d] n klg elgG5 . ufa] / dn ufOe{ ;“} Lsf] ufa] /
dq" df ;fT] t/ ldnfP/ agfOG5 . af]6 la?jfsf kft kltªu\ / / v/] hfg] kbfyx{ ¿ sx' fP/
agfOg] dnnfO{ sDkf:] 6 dn elgG5 . o;} u/L vt] af/Ldf nufOPsf] sf;] a] fnL, 9r“} f,
;gfO{ cflbnfO{ vt] af/Ld} uf8/] tof/ ul/Psf] dn xl/of] dn xf] . tf/] L, abfd cflbaf6 tn]
lgsfnk] l5 /xs] f] v;f| ] kbfyn{ fO{ kf| ªu\ fl/s dnsf ¿kdf ko| fu] ug{ ;lsG5 . To;nfO{ lkgfdn
eGg] ul/G5 . efG5faf6 lgl:sPsf j:tx' ¿nfO{ sx' fP/ jf ;8fP/ klg o; lsl;dsf] dn
agfpg ;lsG5 . kf| ªu\ fl/s dn cGo sltko tl/sfaf6 klg agfpg] ul/G5 .
Curriculum
Development Centre
/f;folgs dn ljleGg /;fogsf] ko| fu] u/L sf/vfgfaf6 pTkfbg ul/G5 . af6] la?jfnfO{
vfbo\ kbfy{ l56f] / a9L dfqfdf rflxof] eg] /f;folgs dnsf] ko| fu] ul/G5 . /f;folgs dn
klg ljleGg lsl;dsf xG' 5g\ . tLdWo] Pdfl] god ;Nkm6] , ;k' / km:k6] , Do/' 6] ckm kf6] f;
a9L ko| fu] df cfp5“ g\ . Pdfl] god ;Nkm6] af6 af6] la?jfn] gfO6f« h] g, ;k' / km:k6] af6
km:kmf/] ; / Do/' 6] ckm kf6] f;af6 kf6] f; eGg] vfbo\ tTTj kfp5“ g\ .

vfbo\ kbfy{ M vfOg] lrh, vfgfsf ¿kdf ko| fu] ul/g] kbfy{
;f]Tt/ M ufOe{ ;“} LnfO{ cf5] o\ fpg] ;p] nf / kft kltªu\ /
sf];]afnL M sf;] f kmNg] afnL
9}“rf M dnsf ¿kdf ko| fu] ul/g] Ps ks| f/sf] 3f;“
;gfO{ M ;s' ] klg xl/of] /xg] kft jf dnsf ¿kdf ko| fu] ul/g] Ps ks| f/sf] emf/

54 gk] fnL, sIff ^

Curriculum sl[ ifdndf kf| ªu\ fl/s dn a9L pkofu] L dflgG5 . of] dn ufp3“ /d} tof/ ug{ ;lsG5 .
Development Centreo;sf] ko| fu] hlt a9L u/] klg df6fn] fO{ lauf/ ubg{} . t/ /f;folgs dnsf] ko| fu] ubf{ eg]
lgs} ;fjwfgL ckgfpgk' 5{ . dfqf ldnfP/ dfq o;sf] ko| fu] ugk{' 5{ . o:tf] dn ljiffn' xg' ]
ePsfn] 3/df /fVbf s6] fs6] Lx¿n] ge6] g\ ] 7fpd“ f /fVgk' 5{ . o;nfO{ cfl] ;nf] 7fpd“ f /fVg'
xb“' g} / ko| fu] uge{' Gbf klxn] kfgLdf lehfpg' klg xb“' g} . af6] la?jfsf] kft / h/fdf g5j' fO{
o;sf] ko| fu] ugk{' 5{ . 5j' fPdf 5j' fOPsf] efu 89g\ ;S5 . vt] LkftLdf dnsf] ko| fu] u/k] l5
k6s k6s kfgL lbgk' 5{ . gq To;af6 af6] la?jf cfO] nfpg,] dg{] h:tf gsf/fTds c;/ k5{ .

kf| ªu\ fl/s dn / /f;folgs dn bj' } sl[ ifdn eP klg bO' d{ f w/] } km/s kfOG5 . kf| ªu\ fl/s dnsf]
ko| fu] af6 df6fs] f] pj/{ f zlSt 36b\ g} eg] /f;folgs dnsf] ko| fu] af6 pj/{ f zlSt 365\ .
kf| ªu\ fl/s dn cfkm\ g} 3/af/Ldf agfpg ;lsG5 eg] /f;folgs dn sf/vfgfaf6 pTkflbt
xG' 5 . kf| ªu\ fl/s dn tof/ kfg{ Tolt w/] } vr{ nfUbg} eg] /f;folgs dn a9L vlrn{ f] klg xG' 5 .

kf| ªu\ fl/s dn ls;fgn] cfkm“} agfpg ;Sg] ePsfn] of] ;xh} pknAw xg' ;S5 . /f;folgs
dn lsGgk' g{] ePsfn] slxns] fxL“ ahf/df o;sf] cEffj klg xg' ;S5 . kf| ªu\ fl/s dnsf]
ko| fu] af6 pTkflbt vfbo\ j:tx' ¿n] :jf:YonfO{ c;/ ubg{} g\ .

pTkfbg a9fpg sl[ ifdnsf] ko| fu] cfjZos 5 . o;sf] ko| fu] ubf{ sx] L s/' fdf eg]
ls;fgx¿n] ljrf/ k¥' ofpgk' 5{ . vt] af/Ldf ;a} 7fps“ f] df6f] Ps} lsl;dsf] xb“' g} . sg'
7fpd“ f s:tf] dn ko| fu] ubf{ /fdf| ] xG' 5 eGg] s/' f hfGgsf nflu vt] af/Lsf] df6f] k/LIf0f
u/fpg' a]; x'G5 . olb of] s/' f ;Dej geP glhss} f] sl[ if sfofn{ odf uP/ ;Dks{ /fvL
hfgsf/L lng' ab' l\ wdfgL xG' 5 .

/f;folgs dn / ljiffbLsf] cTolws ko| fu] ul/Psf vfbo\ j:tx' ¿n] dfgj :jf:Yodf
gsf/fTds ke| fj kf5g{ \ . /f;folgs dnsf] ko| fu] af6 ;?' ;?' df a9L pTkfbg lng ;lsP
klg kl5 uP/ jm| dzM pTkfbg 36b\ } hfG5 . /f;folgs dnsf] cTolws ko| fu] n] df6fd] f
cDnLokg a95\ / df6f] lauG| 5 . o;sf] lgoGq0fsf nflu sl[ if rg' sf] ko| fu] ugk{' 5{ .

o;/L :jf:Yosf bl[ i6n] klg /f;folgs dneGbf kf| ªu\ fl/s dnsf] ko| fu] df hf8] lbg' /fdf| ]
x'G5 . oL ;a} s/' fdf Wofg lbP/ cGg, kmnkm' n jf t/sf/L vt] L ug{ ;lsof] eg] pTkfbg
a95\ . o;af6 JolSt, ;dfh, /fi6«sf] cflys{ pGgltdf 6]jf kU' 5 .

ljiffn' M ljif ldl;Psf] 55
cfl] ;nf] M cln cln lr;f,] ;l] knf]

gk] fnL, sIff ^

cEof;

!= tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] pTt/ eg M

-s_ df6fd] f cDnLokg sn] ] a9fp5“ <
-v_ df6fd] f cDnLokg gxg' ss] f] ko| fu] ugk{' 5{ <
-u_ sg' dn ko| fu] ul/Psf vfbo\ tTTj nfebfos xG' 5g\ <
-3_ ls;fgn] lsg kf| ªu\ fl/s dnsf] ko| fu] ug{' /fdf| ] xG' 5 <

@= kfr“ jfSodf pTt/ nv] M

-s_ df6fs] f] pj/{ f zlSt eGgfn] s] al' emG5 <
-v_ kf| ªu\ fl/s dn s;/L agfOG5 <
-u_ dV' o dV' o /f;folgs dnx¿ sg' sg' xg' \ <
-3_ /f;folgs dnsf] ko| fu] uge{' Gbf klxn] Wofg lbgk' g{] s/' fx¿ s] s] xg' \ <
-ª_ kf| ªu\ fl/s / /f;folgs dndf s] s] km/s 5g\ <
-r_ lsg vt] af/Lsf] df6f] k/LIf0f u/fpg' cfjZos 5 <
-5_ kf| ªu\ fl/s dn a9L pkofu] L xg' s' f] dV' o dV' o sf/0fx¿ s] s] xg' \ <

#= ‘sl[ if pTkfbg a9fpg sl[ if dnsf] cfjZostf xG' 5 .’ o; egfOnfO{ cfkm\ g}
zAbdf aofg u/ .

$= xfdf| ] ufp“ 3/df sl[ ifdn s;/L agfOG5 < cfkm\ gf] cleefjs;u“ ;fw] L nv] .
%= ltdf| ] ufp3“ /df dV' o ¿kdf s] s] afnL nufOG5 < nv] .
Curriculum
Development Centre
zAb e08f/

^= ldNbf] zAb;u“ hf8] f ldnfO{ sfkLdf ;f/ M

gfS] ;fg w]/}

cTofjZos pAhgL

56 gk] fnL, sIff ^

cTolws 3f6f
pTkfbg cfjZos
lgoGq0f

&= afn] fO / nv] fOsf] km/s ae' m M

Curriculumafn] fO nv] fO
Development Centre
pa{/ pj/{
pa/{ f zlSt pj/{ f zlSt
kfl} :6s kfl} i6s
/f:6« /fi6«
tTj tTTj
al] St JolSt

*= cy{ eg M

c;Gt'lnt, pj{/f zlSt, kl| jlw, ;fjwfgL, vlrn{ f,] k/LIf0f

(= jfSodf ko| fu] u/ M

sl[ ifdn, vt] LkftL, kl| jlw, sf/vfgf, pkofu] L, cDnLokg, pTkfbg

pRrf/0f / lxHh]

!)= kf7sf] t;] f| ] / rfy} f] cgR' 5b] ;:j/ jfrg u/L sIffdf ;fyLx¿nfO{ ;g' fpm .

!!= zb' w\ u/L nv] M

kflg, kgL, kª| u\ f/Ls, jk] mfobf, kfl] znf,] cDnLPkg, lj;fn,' jb' w\ LdfgL

!@= kf7sf] klxnf] cgR' 5b] lzIfsaf6 ;g' /] nv] .

!#= kf7af6 bL3{ Osf/ / psf/ xg' ] kfr“ kfr“ cf6] f zAbx¿ l6k .

gk] fnL, sIff ^ 57

Curriculumsfo{d"ns Jofs/0f
Development Centre
!$= pbfx/0f x/] L kf7df jtd{ fg sfnsf ljm| ofkb ko| fu] ePsf !) cf6] f jfSox¿

5fgL sfkLdf nv] .
pbfx/0f M
-s_ xfdL vt] LkftLsf nflu sl[ ifdn ko| fu] u5f“{} .
-v_ af6] la?jfnfO{ dnsf] vfr“ f] k5{ .
-u_ kf| ªu\ fl/s dnsf] ko| fu] kmnbfoL xG' 5 .
-3_ /f;folgs dn ljleGg /;fogsf] ko| fu] u/L sf/vfgfaf6 pTkfbg ul/G5 .
-ª_ xfdL ‘sl[ ifdnsf] ko| fu] ’ eGg] ka| Gw k95\ f“} .

!%= tnsf ljm| ofkbdWo] jtd{ fg sfnsf ljm| ofkbnfO{ dfq sfkLdf nv] M

hfG5, uof,] hfg] 5, vfG5g,\ vfP, k9g\ x' G' 5, k9l\ 5g,\ k95\ ;,\ k95\ f,} nV] 5,' nV] g] 5'

!^= xg' ,' ug,{' agfpg,' cfpg,' 36g\ ' ljm| ofaf6 aGg] ltg ltg cf6] f jtd{ fg sfnsf
ljm| ofkb nv] .

!&= tn lbOPsf jtd{ fg sfnsf ljm| ofkbx¿nfO{ jfSodf ko| fu] u/ M

agfp5“ f,} bV] 5,' k95\ f,“} /fK] 5g,\ sf65\ , lsG5,] nV] 5g,\ eG5, lbG5'

!*= tnsf et" sfn ljm| ofkbnfO{ jtd{ fg sfndf abn M

pvN] of,] l;Sof,] eGof,] k9,] kmfNof,] kmN' of,] vfP,“ uP, u¥of,“} ;T' of]

!(= pbfx/0fcg;' f/ tnsf s/0f jfSonfO{ cs/0f / cs/0f jfSonfO{
s/0fdf kl/jtg{ u/ M

pbfx/0f M kf| ªu\ fl/s / /f;folgs u/L sl[ ifdn bO' { ks| f/sf xG' 5g\ .
kf| ªu\ fl/s / /f;folgs u/L s[lifdn bO' { ks| f/sf xb“' g} g\ .

58 gk] fnL, sIff ^

-s_ df6fs] f] pj/{ f zlSt a9fpg kf| ªu\ fl/s dnsf] ko| fu] ul/G5 .
-v_ pj/{ f zlSt egs] f] af6] la?jfsf nflu rflxg] vfbo\ kbfy{ pknAw u/fpg] tTTj xf] .
-u_ df6fs] f] pj/{ f zlSt a9fpg sl[ ifdnsf] ko| fu] ul/G5 .
-3_ kf| ªu\ fl/s dnsf] ko| fu] af6 pTkflbt vfbo\ j:tx' ¿n] :jf:YonfO{ c;/ ubg{} g\ .
-ª_ kf| ªu\ fl/s dnsf] ko| fu] n] df6fd] f cDnLokg a9b\ g} .

l;hg{ fTds cEof;

@)= sl[ if Ifq] df ko| fu] ul/g] sg' } Ps ;fwgsf] af/d] f !)) zAb;Ddsf]
ka| Gw nv] /] Nofpm / kb| zg{ kf6Ldf 6f;“ .

@!= ‘/f;folgs dneGbf kf| ªu\ fl/s dnsf] ko| fu] ug{' g} jz] ’ eGg] ljifosf]
kIf / ljkIfdf sIffdf bO' { bO' { ldg6] df cfcfkm\ gf ljrf/ ;g' fpm .
Curriculum
Development Centre

gk] fnL, sIff ^ 59

kf7 M ( bfhn' fO{ alxgLsf] lr7L

uf/} fbx, emfkf
@)&)÷%÷!)
Curriculum Development Centre
cfb/0fLo bfh,'

;fb/ gd:sf/ .

w/] } lbg eof,] tkfOs“{ f] ;Grf] la;Grfs] f] ;DaGwdf sg' } ;Gbz] kfpg ;ss] f] 5g} . kq kf| Kt
gePsf] klg dlxgf“} eof] . tkfOn“{ fO{ st} la;Grf] t ePg ! lr7L xn' fsdf st} cndlnP/
/fl] sPsf] klg xg' ;S5 . kmfg] af6} eP klg tkfOs“{ f] va/ kfpg] cfzf u/s] f] 5' .

oxf“ ;an} fO{ ;Gr} 5 . lxhfc] fh cfdfsf] :jf:Yodf ;w' f/ cfPsf] 5 . alxgLn] klg k9fOdf
lgs} ku| lt u/s] L 5 . gk] fnLdf ;fdfGo nv] k9 ug{ / ul0ftsf Jofjxfl/s ;d:of xn
ugd{ f p;nfO{ vf; sg' } lsl;dsf] ;d:of 5g} . p;sf] k9fOkl| tsf] cle?lrnfO{ ljbo\ fnosf
u?' x¿ vn' /] tfl/km ugx{' G' 5 . d/] f] k9fO klg ;Gtfi] fhgs g} 5 . ljbo\ fnosf] lzÔs
kbaf6 /fhLgfdf lbP/ sfdsf] vfh] Ldf c/a hfb“ f tkfOs“{ f ;fyLx¿n] lgs} g/fdf| ] dfgs] f
lyP . sx] L l5ds] Lx¿n] t o; ;DaGwdf cgs] 6Lsf l6Kk0fLx¿ klg u/] .

lzÔs h:tf] ;j] fdn" s / k|lti7fdo k;] fnfO{ Tofu/] k;} fsf nflu labl] ;g' egs] f]
efl} ts ;v' ;l' jwfkl| t nfl] eg' xf] . o; lsl;daf6 tkfOs“{ f af/d] f s/' f sf6g\ n' fO{ klg
:jfefljs ¿kdf g} lngk' 5{ . a9b\ f] cflys{ kn| fe] gn] ;dfhdf xfdf| ] dofl{ bt kl| ti7fnfO{
cf�r k¥' ofp5“ . sdz{ Ln hLjgn] xfdLnfO{ pGgltsf] af6fl] t/ nh} fG5 .

;Gb]z M va/ kl| ti7fdo M ;Ddfghgs
ku| lt M pGglt M ljbz] df hfg'
Jofjxfl/s M Jojxf/df cfOkg{] lab]l;g' M 7f;] ¿kdf bl] vg,] bZ[ o ¿k
c/a M vf8LÔq] sf] bz] ef}lts M nf]e
6Lsf l6Kk0fL M s/' fsfgL, rrf{ kl/rrf{ k|nf]eg
;]jfd"ns M ;j] f;u“ ;DalGwt M OHht
k|lti7f M c;/, 7;]
60
cf“r

gk] fnL, sIff ^

t/ c/aaf6 clxn;] Dd klg :jbz] gkmlsg{ ' ePsfd] f cfdfaa' f / cfkmGtx¿nfO{ ;dt] klg
lrTt a´' s] f] 5g} . xg' t bz] df ul/aL / a/] fh] uf/L a9b\ } uPsf] 5, of] tkfOn“{ fO{ yfxf
gePsf] s/' f xfO] g . tk} lg 3/df xg' ] x/s] rf8af8df tkfOs“{ f] ofb cfOxfN5 .

‘;fu / l;:g' vfPsf] a;] cfgGbL dgn’] eg] ´“} cefjdf wo} { ug{ ;Sgd' f klg t cfkm\ g}
lsl;dsf] cfgGb xG' 5 . lzlÔt dflg;x¿ cflys{ dfldnfdf o;/L ;w“} c;Gtfi] fL aGg] xf]
eg] ;dfhdf cem kl5 k/s] f JolStx¿sf] xfnt s:tf] xfn] f < bz] n] s:tf] bu' l{ t efU] gk' nf{ <
:jbz] df g} /x/] ul/g] cfo cfhg{ af6 klg /fdf| ] hLjg ofkg ug{ ;lsG5 . To;d} f xfdLn]
;Gtfi] f lngk' 5{ . To;d} f xfdL ;a} v;' L xG' 5f“} . bfhn' ] xfdf| ] dgfe] fjgfnfO{ a´' /] o; k6ssf]
b;d“} f eg] cjZo 3/ kmlsg{ x' g' ] 5 eGg] ljZjf;sf ;fy kqnfO{ 6ª' U\ ofpg] cgd' lt dfU5' .
Curriculum Development Centre
tkfOs“{ L Kof/L alxgL
/fz] gL dxtf]

vfdsf] gdg' f

k7fpg] kfpg]
/f]zgL dxtf] /fz] g dxtf]
uf/} fbx uflj;, emfkf l/ofb cfon OG8l:6h«
d]rL, gk] fn vbd\ f /f8] , #%*()
;fpbL c/]laof

a/] fh] uf/L M hLjg ofkgsf nflu ckgfOg] l;ksf] cefj
cfo cfhg{ M sdfO, cfDbfgL
cg'dlt M cf1f, cfbz]

61 gk] fnL, sIff ^

cEof;

!= pTt/ eg M

-s_ of] lr7L s;n] s;nfO{ nv] s] f] xf] <

-v_ /fz] gLsf] kl/jf/ slt hgfsf] xf] / To;df sf] sf] 5g\ <

-u_ bfhn' ] sg' kbaf6 /fhLgfdf lbPsf lyP <

@= kf7sf] cfwf/df jfSo k/' f u/ M

-s_ cfb/0fLo bfh' ============================== . -;fb/ gd:sf/, k|0ffd, 9fu] _
-v_ lr7L ==============================st} cndlnP/ /fl] sPsf] klg xg' ;S5 .

-af6fdf, xn' fsdf, kqd~hi" ffdf_
-u_ tkfOs“{ L ==================alxgL /fz] gL dxtf] . -Kof/L, ldng;f/, af7f_]

#= pTt/ nv] M

-s_ bfhs' f] kq w/] } lbg;Dd klg gcfpb“ f /fz] gLsf dgdf vn] s] f tsg{ fx¿ s] s] xg' \ <
-v_ /fz] gLsf] kl/jf/ slt hgfsf] xf] / To;df sf] sf] 5g\ <
-u_ /fz] gLn] cfkm\ gL alxgLsf] k9fOsf ;DaGwdf bfhn' fO{ s:tf] hfgsf/L lbPsL l5g\ <
-3_ /fz] gLsf bfh' sg' l;nl;nfdf lsg c/a uPsf xg' \ <
-ª_ /fz] gL cfkm\ gf bfh;' u“ ss] f nflu s:tf] lsl;dsf] cg/' fw] ul5g{ \ <

$= JofVof u/ M

-s_ a9b\ f] cflys{ kn| fe] gn] ;dfhdf xfdf| ] kl| ti7fnfO{ cfr“ k¥' ofp5“ .
-v_ ;fu / l;:g' vfPsf] a;] cfgGbL dgn] .

%= cfkm\ gf] k9fO nv] fO / 3/fo;L s/' fx¿ ;dfjz] u/L 6f9f a;s] f ;fyLnfO{
Pp6f lr7L nv] .
Curriculum Development Centre

zAb e08f/

^= tnsf zAbsf] cy{ nv] M gk] fnL, sIff ^

sdz{ Ln, ;d:of, tfl/km, lzlÔt, kl| ti7f

62

&= cy{ vN' g] u/L jfSodf ko| fu] u/ M

tfl/km, cfgGb, bu' l{ t, ;Gtfi] f, kn| fe] g, wo} {

pRrf/0f / lxHh]

*= ‘bfhn' fO{ alxgLsf] lr7L’ kf7 k9/] sÔfdf ;fyLnfO{ ;g' fpm .
(= tnsf zAb zb' w\ ;u“ pRrf/0f u/ M

kq, kl| ti7f, ;Gtfi] fL, kl| ti7fdo

!)= ;RofP/ ;f/ M

xLhfc] fh cfdfsf] :j:ydf gLs} ;b' f/ cfosf] 5 . axLlgn] kgL k9fOd{ f kut{ L u/s] f] 5 .

!!= kf7sf] t;] f| ] cgR' 5b] lzIfsaf6 ;g' /] nv] .
!@= kf7af6 z÷if÷; ko| fu] ePsf zAbx¿ vfh] /] nv] .
Curriculum Development Centre
sfo{d"ns Jofs/0f

!#= k9, ae' m / u/ M

-s_ tkfOn“{ fO{ ;Gr} xfn] f .
-v_ bfh' efl] n cfpgx' fn] f .
-u_ pgLx¿sf] cfo{ cfhg{ /fdf| ] xfn] f .
-3_ alxgL 8fS6/ xfl] ng\ .
-ª_ xfdL rk' nufn“} f .

dflysf] jfSon] sfd kl5 xg' ;Sg] ;Defjgf ae' mfPsf 5g\ . To;n} ] oL jfSox¿ ;Defjgfys{
jfSox¿ xg' \ .

pbfx/0fdf bv] fP h:t} kf7sf] bf;] f| ] cgR' 5b] nfO{ ;Defjgfyd{ f abn . gk] fnL, sIff ^
pbfx/0f M oxf“ ;an} fO{ ;Gr} 5 .

oxf“ ;an} fO{ ;Gr} xfn] f .

63

Curriculum Development Centre!$= pbfx/0f x/] /] ;Defjgfy{ zAb agfpm M
wft' ;Defjgfy{

u/\ unf{
dfg\
a9\
efu] \
dfu\
nv] \

!%= ;Defjgfy{ hgfpg] ljm| ofkb ko| fu] u/L efl] n ltdLn] ug{] sfdsf] !) jfSodf
j0fg{ u/ .

!^= pbfx/0fdf bv] fP h:t} jtd{ fg sfnsf jfSonfO{ et" sfndf abn M

pbfx/0f M d/] f] k9fO ;Gtfi] fhgs 5 .
d/] f] k9fO ;Gtfi] fhgs lyof] .

-s_ u?' n] alxgLsf] tfl/km ugx{' G' 5 .
-v_ cfdfsf] :jf:Yo /fdf| ] 5 .
-u_ bfh' ljbz] df xg' x' G' 5 .
-3_ rf8jf8df tkfOs“{ f] ofb cfp5“ .
-ª_ pgLx¿ bz] sf nflu dl/d6] 5\ g\ .

l;hg{ fTds cEof;

!&= vfdsf] 9fr“ f tof/ kf/ .
!*= cfkmn" ] u/s] f] zl} Ôs ed| 0fsf] ljj/0f lbP/ ;fyLnfO{ kq nv] .
!(= kmfg] tyf dfa] fOndf s;/L / slt s/' f ug{] ljifodf 5nkmn u/L Pp6f

lgisif{ lgsfn / To;sf cfwf/df cfkmg\ f] sg' } Ps gftb] f/nfO{ lr7L nv] .

64 gk] fnL, sIff ^

kf7 M !) od' fbj] Lsf] cjt/0f

ls/ft /fhf pjfxfªsf] dT[ ok' l5 /fhsd' f/ dfafx] fª ls/ft bz] sf /fhf eP . cfkm\ gf aa' f
pjfxfª h:t} pgL klg cToGt wflds{ , ;Hhg / u0' fL lyP . pgL cfkm\ gf] bz] / hgtfsf]
enfO uy]{ . pgL sg' } sn' tdf nfus] f lyPgg\ . /fhf dfafx] fªn] hgtfnfO{ ;lhnf] xf;] \
eg/] bz] sf] /fhwfgL rD] kmh' fª] af6 of;fs] hfª] df ;f/s] f lyP . pgsf dGqLsf] gfd
vf]h'd lyof] .

Ps lbg /fhf dfafx] fª cfkm\ gf dGqL vfh] d' / l;kfxLx¿nfO{ lnP/ l;sf/ vN] g ns] sf]
hª\unlt/ nfu] . hªu\ n cToGt afSnf] lyof] . cgs] f“} r/f r?' ªu\ Lsf] dw/' cfjfhn] jg
ul' GhPsf] lyof] . an] f an] fdf af3 uhs{] f] cfjfh klg cfpY“ of] . l;sf/L ss' /' x¿ slxn]
cl3 cl3 bf8} Gy,] slxn] kl5 kl5 nfUy] . slxn] eS' y,] slxn] ;ts{ eP/ bfofa“ fof“ xy] ]{ .
l;kfxLx¿ ss' /' x¿ stf stf hfG5g\ / s] s] ;ªs\ t] lbG5g\ eg/] rnfv eO{ otfplt
cfv“ f nufO/xs] f lyP . o:td} f hªu\ ndf Pp6f du[ bl] vof] . ss' /' x¿ du[ sf kl5 kl5
nfu] . d[u hf]8;“u bfl} 8of] . ss' /' x¿ emg\ kml' tn{ f lyP . l;kfxL du[ sf] lk5f ub{} lyP .
/fhf / dGqL of] bZ[ o xb] {} klxnf] l;sf/ pDsfpg xb“' g} eg/] l;kfxLx¿nfO{ c¥xfpb“ } lyP .

rf/ cf6] f ss' /' x¿n] du[ nfO{ e6] g\ e6] g\ cf6“ s] f lyP . cUnf] 8f8“ f] h:tf] 7fpa“ f6 du[
cf¥] xfnf] vfr“] lt/ nfUof] . vfr“] df kU' gf;fy du[ bl] vg 5f8] o\ f] . ss' /' x¿ klg bl] vg 5f8] ] .
ss' /' x¿ es' s] f] cfjfh klg x/fof] . /fhf, dGqL / l;kfxLx¿n] s's'/x¿ sxf“ k'u]
egL vf]Hg yfn] . s's'/x¿ x/fPsfn] pgLx¿ lrlGtt eP . l;kfxLx¿n] 7n' f] :j/df gfd
lnb“ } ss' /' x¿nfO{ afn] fP . hªu\ ndf 3d' L 3d' L vfH] bf klg g d/s] f] ss' /' el] 6of] g t lhp“ b}
el] 6of] . 3/] f xfn/] rf/l} t/ vfH] bf klg sg' } cTtfk] Ttf] ePg . du[ klg kmn] f k/g] . o;
36gfn] /fhf, dGqL, l;kfxL ;a} cfZro{ rlst eP .
Curriculum
Development Centre
wfld{s M wd{ ug]{
;Hhg M c;n dfG5]
u'0fL M /fdf| ] u0' f ePsf]
s'nt M v/fa afgL
/fhwfgL M /fhf, dGqL cflbsf] sfofn{ o /xg] ;x/, /fHosf] zf;s a:g] 7fp“
l;sf/ M hªu\ nL hgfj/ dfg{] sfd

g]kfnL, sIff ^ 65

ss' /' vfH] b} hfb“ f /fhfsf] kmfh} Pp6f eGHofªdf kU' of] . eGHofªaf6 rf/l} t/sf] bZ[ o
bl] vGYof] . 9sdSs lrdfnL kmn' s] f] bZ[ on] /fhf / dGqL bªu\ lyP . /fhf / dGqL
glhss} f] 7n' f] u/' f;“ sf] ?vdl' g ku' ] . Toxf“af6 clnk/ rf/} h:tf] 7fpd“ f Pp6L oj' tLn] tfg
aG' b} u/s] f] bv] /] pgLx¿ rlst eP . em/em6' 6\ uxgf nufPsL, skfndf u/' f;“ l;p/s] L
cGbfhL !*–@) jifs{ L tL oj' tL ls/ft efsfdf uLt ufpb“ } tfg aG' b} lyOg\ .

/fhf tL oj' tLnfO{ Psfx] f/] f] bl[ i6n] xl] //xs] f lyP . an] f an] fdf pgL l;sf/L ss' /' ;DemGy] .
l;kfxLx¿n] ss' /' vfH] b} u/s] f] hªu\ nlt/ klg cfv“ f nufpy“ ] . dGqL klg /fhfs} ;fydf lyP .
/fhfn] oj' tLnfO{ x/] s] f] bv] /] dGqLn] eg,] ædxf/fh ¤ oL oj' tL t hªu\ ndf a:g ;x' fpg]
vfnsL 5g} g\ . xfdf| ] b/af/sL uxgf aGg ;x' fpg] vfnsL l5g\ . o:tL cgdfn] oj' tL
xh/' sL hLjg ;l“ ugL ag] dfq xfdf| ] of] ofqf ;kmn xG' 5 . a? a/] gu/f}“ . ltgsf] glhs}
hfcf“} / s/' f /flvxfnf“} . oj' tLn] dflggg\ eg] xfdf| kmfh} n] 3/] f xfn/] NofOxfN5g\ .Æ

/fhfn] dGqLsf] s/' f ;g' ] . pgn] dGqLnfO{ eg,] æxfd}| cfv“ f cufl8 du[ x/fof] . hªu\ nL
du[ hªu\ ndf x/fpg' cgf7} f] s/' f xfO] g t/ xfdf| To:tf l;sf/L ss' /' x¿ sxf“ ku' ]
cTtfk] Ttf] 5g} . o:tf] lghg{ tyf ;g' ;fg jgdf PSnL o'jtL kmn] f k/s] L 5g\ . sg' } dfG5]
hªu\ ndf 8N' g cfpg ;S5 . jgdf tfg lkmh“ fP/ sk8f aG' g] sfd cgf7} f] xf] . To;n} ] oL
;fwf/0f dlxnf xfO] gg\ . ss' /' / du[ x/fpg' klg ;fwf/0f 36gf xfO] g . oL oj' tLnfO{
kmsfpg hfg' plrt xb'“ g} .Æ

/fhfsf] hjfkmn] dGqL jfNn k/] . ptf /fhf eg] tL oj' tLsf] glhsdf uP . /fhfn] tL
oj' tLnfO{ lzi6tfkj" s{ gd:sf/ u/] / eg,] æxfdL dflg; hflt xf“} . tkfO“{ sf] xg' x' G' 5 < o:tf]
;g' ;fg hªu\ ndf sxfa“ f6 cfOkU' ge' of] < tkfO“{ a:g] 7fpd“ f cfP/ xfdLn] en' u¥of“} ls < en'
ePsf] eP dfkm u/L cfkm\ gf] kl/ro lbgx' G' 5 ls <Æ /fhf xftdf km' n / kftL lnO{ tL oj' tLsf
;fd' 38“' f 6s] L 6fpsf] lgx¥' ofP/ a;s] f lyP . pgL tL dlxnfsf] pTt/sf] cfzfdf lyP .
Curriculum
Development Centre
eGHofª M kxf8sf] bO' { rn' Lsf dfemsf] xfr] f] 7fp“
lrdfnL M ;t] f] /ªsf] u/' f;“
uxgf M /fdf| ] xg' nufpg,] sfg, 3f6“ L cflbdf nufOg] ;g' , rfb“ L
cgdf]n M dfn] ug{ g;lsg]
hLjg ;l“ ugL M hLjgsf] ;fyL, kTgL
;'g;fg M dflg;x¿ gePsf]

66 gk] fnL, sIff ^

æ/fhf ¤ ltdf| ] dg s:tf] /x5] eGg] hfr“ ug{ d oxf“ cfPsL x“' . ltdf| ] dg kljq /x5] . ltdL
c¿sf] egfOdf gnfuL cfkm\ gf] ljjs] n] sfd ubf{ /x5] f} . ltdf| aa' f /fhf pjfxfª h:t}
ltdL klg k/dfTdfsf] elSt ubf{ /x5] f} . ltdf| ] dg, jrg, rl/q / Jojxf/ tfl/km ug{ nfos
/x5] . ltdL;u“ d k;| Gg 5' . d sf] x“' eGg] s/' f ltdLn] rf8“ } yfxf kfOxfN5f} .Æ oj' tLn] elgg\ .

/fhf dfafx] fªn] 6fpsf] p7fP/ tL oj' tLnfO{ xg] { vfh] ] . /fhfn] xg] { gkfpb“ } tL oj' tL cnk eOg\ .
Toxf“ tfg klg lyPg . pgL a;s] f] cf;g klg lyPg . /fhf emg\ 5Ss k/] . 5Ss k/s] f
/fhfn] ss' /' es' s] f] ;g' ] . du[ nv6] b\ } tL ss' /' x¿ 5p] df cfOku' ] .

/fhf eg] tL ;G' b/L cnk ePsf] / cs:dft\ x/fPsf ss' /' x¿ el] 6Psf] 36gfn] 5Ss k/s] f
lyP . /fhf ss' /' , dGqL, l;kfxL;lxt /fhwfgL kmlsP{ . /fhfn] tL oj' tLnfO{ lrGg g;ss] fn]
emg\ lrlGtt eP . tL bj] L klg cnk eOg\ t/ ;kgfdf g} ltgn] afn] s] f] ;l' gof] . ltgn] ;Dk0" f{
;l[ i6sf] s/' f ;g' fP/ dfafx] fªsf kv' fx{ ¿n] u/s] f] /fdf| ] sfdsf] aofg ub{} elgg,\ æ/fhf ¤ ltdL
ljjs] L 5f} . of] ljjs] / elSt bj' } g5f8] L /fHo u/ . d ltdf| ] /fHosf] sNof0f ug{] od' fbj] L x“' .Æ

/fhf emNof:“ ; lapl“ emP . pgn] ;kgfdf od' fbj] Lsf] bzg{ kfPsfd] f v;' L eP . pgn] dgdg}
od' fbj] Lsf] elSt / ljjs] g5f8] L zf;g ug{] c7f6] u/] . o;/L od' fbj] L ;kgfdf of;fs] hfª] df
cjt/0f ePkl5 of;fs] g] L gfdn] kV| oft eOg\ .

ljj]s M /fdf| ] ;fr] fO, l7s al] 7s 56' o\ fpg] sfd
k/dfTdf M O{Zj/
jrg M af]nL
cnk M x/fpg]
cs:dft\ M PsfPs, ckem6{
sNof0f M enfO
zf;g M /fHosf] sfdsfh
Curriculum
Development Centre

g]kfnL, sIff ^ 67

CurriculumcEof;
Development Centre
!= pTt/ eg M

-s_ pjfxfªsf] dT[ ok' l5 ls/ft bz] sf /fhf sf] eP <
-v_ /fhf dfafx] fªn] lsg bz] sf] /fhwfgL of;fs] hfª] df ;f/s] f lyP <
-u_ eGHofªsf] bZ[ o s:tf] lyof] <
-3_ oj' tLn] skfndf s] l;p/s] L lyOg\ <

@= s;n] s;nfO{ egs] f] xf] < nv] .

-s_ dxf/fh ¤ oL oj' tL t hªu\ ndf a:g ;x' fpg] vfnsL 5g} g\ .
-v_ xfdf| ] cfv“ f cufl8 du[ x/fof] .
-u_ ltdL c¿sf egfOdf gnfuL cfkm\ gf] ljjs] n] sfd ubf{ /x5] f} .
-3_ ltdL ljjs] / elSt g5f8] L /fHo u/ .

#= tnsf kZ| gsf] pTt/ nv] M

-s_ ls/ft bz] sf /fhf s:tf lyP <
-v_ l;sf/ ug{] sfod{ f sf] sf] ;n+ Ug lyP <
-u_ /fhf, dGqL / l;kfxL lsg lrlGtt eP <
-3_ dGqLn] oj' tLsf af/d] f /fhfnfO{ s:tf] ;Nnfx lbP <
-ª_ /fhfn] oj' tLnfO{ kmsfpg lsg plrt 7fgg] g\ <
-r_ /fhfn] oj' tL;u“ s:tf] Jojxf/ u/] <
-5_ oj' tLn] /fhfnfO{ s] s] elgg\ <
-h_ /fhfn] s:tf] c7f6] u/] <

$= ltdf| ] ;db' fodf kr| lnt sg' } Pp6f syf cleefjs;u“ ;fw] /] nv] / sIffdf
NofP/ ;g' fpm .

68 gk] fnL, sIff ^

%= o; kf7df /fhfsf /fdf| / cgs' /0fLo u0' fx¿sf] ;r" L agfpm .

zAb e08f/

^= pbfx/0fdf lbP h:t} ljk/Lt cy{ lbg] zAb nv] M

pbfx/0f M ;Hhg – bh' g{
u0' fL, cUnf,] ;l“ ugL, sNof0f, ;lhnf,] afSnf]

&= cy{ atfpm M

ljjs] , l;sf/L, bZ[ o, tfl/km, efsf, cgdfn]

*= pbfx/0f k9, ae' m / nv] M

kU' of] – ku' g] , k¥of] – k/g] , u¥of] – u/g]
nfu,] eg,] u/,] eP, ku' ,] afn] fP, yfn,] ;g' ,] k/]
Curriculum
Development CentrepRrf/0f / lxHh]

(= kf7df lbOPsf] syf kfnk} fnf] k9/] ;g' fpm .

!)= tnsf zAbx¿sf] zb' w\ pRrf/0f u//] ;g' fpm M

dfafx] fª pjfxfª rD] kmh' fª] eGHofª

od' fbj] L r/f r?' ªu\ L hªu\ n lrlGtt

du[ bZ[ o bl[ i6 dT[ o'

sNof0f /fHo cToGt oj' tL

!!= tnsf zAbx¿ zb' w\ kf//] ;f/ M

l;kfO, tlNng, l;:6tfk/' as, dOnf, ltD/f,] k/' vf, l;l/:6L, /fHh,] ;f;g

!@= kf7sf] bf;] f| ] cgR' 5b] lzIfsaf6 ;g' /] nv] .

g]kfnL, sIff ^ 69

Curriculumsfod{ n" s Jofs/0f
Development Centre
!#= k9, ae' m / u/ M

-s_ dfafx] fª sg' } sn' tdf nfus] f lyPgg\ .
-v_ dfafx] fªn] bz] sf] /fhwfgL of;fs] hfª] df ;f/s] f lyP .
-u_ r/f r?' ªu\ Lsf] cfjfhn] jg ul' Gh/xs] f] lyof] .
-3_ ltdf| ] dg hfR“ g d oxf“ cfPsf] x“' .
-ª_ od' fbj] Ln] dfafx] fªsf kv' fx{ ¿n] u/s] f /fdf| ] sfdsf] aofg u/s] L l5g\ .
-r_ l;kfxLx¿ b/af/ uPsf xg' ] 5g\ .
-5_ hªu\ ndf ss' /' x¿ es' s] f xg' ] 5g\ .
dflysf jfSox¿df nfus] f lyPgg,\ ;f/s] f lyP, ul' Gh/xs] f] lyof], cfPsf] x,“' u/s] L l5g,\ uPsf
xg' ] 5g,\ es' s] f xg' ] 5g\ h:tf ljm| ofkb ko| fu] ePsf 5g\ . o; lsl;dsf ljm| ofkbx¿ jfSodf
sfo{ k/' f ePsf] cj:yfnfO{ hgfpg ko| fu] xG' 5g\ .
k0" f{ kIfn] sfd k/' f ePsf] cj:yfnfO{ hgfp5“ . sfdsf] k0" ft{ fnfO{ hgfpg jf ae' mfpg
wftd' f Psf,] Psf, PsL hf8] /] To;kl5 lyof,] lyP, 5, 5g,\ xg' ] 5, xg' ] 5g\ h:tf ;xfos
ljm| ofkb ko| fu] ul/G5 .
lbPsf wfta' f6 ljm| ofkbsf k0" f{ kÔsf ¿k agfpm M
pbfx/0f M eg\ – egs] f] lyP“ ÷ egs] f] 5' ÷ egs] f] xg' ] 5' .

xf;“ \ – xf;“ s] f lyof} ÷ xf;“ s] f 5f} ÷ xf;“ s] f xg' ] 5f} .
;g' –\ ;g' s] L lyOg\ ÷ ;g' s] L 5g\ ÷ ;g' s] L xg' ] 5g\ .
/fv\ ag' \ nfu\ bv] \ vfh] \ ku' \
x/] \ eg\ lx8“ \ ;g' \ a;\ afs] \

70 gk] fnL, sIff ^

!$= pbfx/0fdf lbP h:t} tnsf ljm| ofkbx¿nfO{ sfdsf] k0" f{ cj:yf hgfpg]
ljm| ofkbdf abn M

pbfx/0f M x/fp5“

x/fPsf] lyof]

x/fPsf] 5
Curriculum
Development Centrex/fPsf] xg' ] 5

bl] vG5, nfUof,] 5f8] o\ f,] x/fof]

aG' b} lyOg,\ nufpy“ ,] elgg\

!%= tnsf ljm| ofkbx¿nfO{ jfSodf ko| fu] u/ M

;f/s] f lyP ag' s] L 5g\ cfPsf xg' ] 5g\

ul' GhPsf] lyof] xl] //xs] f 5g\ yfns] f xg' ] 5g\

nufO/xs] f lyP a;s] f 5g\ lhts] f xg' ] 5f}

cf6“ s] f lyP ul//xs] L 5g\ egs] L xg' ] l5g\

!^= sfd ;DkGg ePsf] cj:yfnfO{ hgfpg] ljm| ofkbx¿sf] ko| fu] u//] cfkm" n] u/s] f
sfdx¿sf] !) jfSodf j0fg{ u//] ;g' fpm .

!&= pbfx/0fdf lbP h:t} jfSodf ko| fu] u/ M

pbfx/0f M ss' /' n] du[ nfO{ e6] g\ cf6“ s] f] lyof] .

ss' /' n] du[ nfO{ e6] g\ cf6“ s] f] lyPg .

-s_ du[ cf¥] xfnf] nfUof] .

-v_ du[ bl] vg 5f8] o\ f] .

-u_ ss' /' es' s] f] cfjfh x/fof] .

-3_ l;kfxLx¿n] ss' /' x¿ vfH] g yfn] .

-ª_ rf/l} t/ lrdfnL km' Nof] .

g]kfnL, sIff ^ 71

Curriculuml;hg{ fTds cEof;
Development Centre!*= tnsf ;ª\s]tsf cfwf/df 5f]6f] syf n]v M

sg' } bz] df ab' l\ wdfg\ dflg; xg' ' ===================== ab' l\ wdfg\ dflg;sf] ab' l\ w
bv] /] dGqLx¿n] Oi{ of{ ug{' ===================== dGqLx¿n] ab' l\ wdfg\ dflg;sf]
ab' l\ w 5g} eGg] bv] fpg rfxg' =========================/fhfn] ab' l\ wdfg\ dflg;nfO{
b/af/df afn] fpg' ========================== /fhfn] 6a] n' df /flvPsf] Pp6f ;SsnL
/ Pp6f gSsnL k'mn dWo] g5f]Osg ;SsnL k'mn 5'6\ofpg'kg]{ eGg'
=========================== ab' l\ wdfg\ dflg;n] em\ ofn vfN] g' / ;SsnL km' n 56' o\ fpg
;Sg' ============================== /fhfn] s;/L ;SsnL km' n 56' o\ fof} eGg'
============================= ab' l\ wdfg\ dflg;n] em\ ofn vfn] k] l5 dfx/' L ;SsnL
km' ndf a:of] eGg' =================================== /fhfn] ;d:of ;dfwfg gfdsf]
gof“ dGqfno vfn] /] ab' l\ wdfg\ dflg;nfO{ dGqL agfpg'

!(= cfkm\ gf cleefjsaf6 sg' } csf{] nfs] syf ;g' L nv] /] Nofpm / To;nfO{
/fr] s 9ªu\ n] cfkm\ gf sIffsf ;fyLx¿nfO{ ;g' fpm .

72 gk] fnL, sIff ^

kf7 M !! ;DklTteGbf lzIff 7n' f]

jfbljjfb kl| tofl] utf

Curriculum
Development Centre
zj' m| af/sf] lbg lbp;“ f] !=)) ah] dxfsfnL pRr df=lj=sf] kf| ªu\ 0fdf jfb ljjfbsf] d~r
tof/L cj:yfdf 5 . ;ah} gf pkl:yt eP/ cfcfkm\ gf] s;' Ld{ f cf;g ux| 0f u/k] l5
cltlyx¿nfO{ cf;g ux| 0fsf] cg/' fw] kl5 gk] fnL ljifosf lzIfs ;Gtfi] f kl/of/
pb3\ fi] f0f ;?' ugx{' G' 5 . ;efWoIfsf nflu kw| fgfWofksnfO{ cg/' fw] ul/G5 . ljbo\ fnosf]
cªu\ h]| L, lj1fg / ;fdflhs ljifosf ltg hgf lzIfsnfO{ lg0ffo{ ssf ¿kdf 3fi] f0ff

ul/G5 . ;do kfnsdf lzIfs l;hg{ f kf8} n] /xs] L 5g\ .

pb3\ fi] fs M jfb ljjfbdf efu lng] ljbo\ fyLx{ ¿n] kfngf ugk{' g{] dV' o dV' o lgod
o; ks| f/ 5g\ M

-s_ kT| os] jStfnfO{ kfr“ ldg6] sf] ;do lbOg] 5 . rf/ ldg6] df klxnf] 3G6L aH5 /
lgisif{lt/ nfUg'k5{ .

-v_ JolStut cfIfk] , ufnL unfh} / clzi6 efiffsf] ko| fu] ug{' xb“' g} .

-u_ cfcfkm\ gf kIfdf uxlsnf ts{x¿ lbP/ ljkIfsf ts{x¿sf] v08g ugk{' 5{ .

-3_ ;dosf] /fd/| L Vofn ugk{' 5{ . kfr“ ldg6] sf] clGtd 3G6L nfuk] l5 afn] s] f] s/' fnfO{
dN" ofªs\ gdf ;dl] 6g] 5g} .

pb3\ fi] f0f M ljzi] f s/' fsf] 3fi] f0ff, sfoj{ m| d ;~rfng ;DaGwL 3fi] f0ff
;do kfns M ;do x/] L hgfp lbg] JolSt

g]kfnL, sIff ^ 73

pb3\ fi] fs

;GtfgnfO{ ;DklTteGbf lzIff 7n' f] xG' 5 eGg] ljifosf] kIfdf cfkm\ gf ts{ k:| tt' ug{ pdf
;fksf6] f cfpb“ } l5g\ . -pdf ;fksf6] f d~rlt/ nflU5g\ . ;efaf6 hf8] bf/ tfnL aH5 ._

pdf ;fksf6] f

o; ;efsf ;efWoIf, kd| v' cltlyHo," cltly ju,{ u?' ju,{ lg0ff{ osHox" ¿ / Kof/f ;fyLx¿ ¤
cfh d ;GtfgnfO{ ;DklTteGbf lzIff 7n' f] xG' 5 eGg] ljifodf cfkm\ gf ts{ /fVb} 5' .

jf:tjdf ;GtfgnfO{ ;DklTteGbf lzIff lbg' 7n' f] xG' 5 . cfhsf] ou' egs] f] 1fg / lj1fgsf]
o'u xf] . o; ou' sf] cfjZostf ;DklTteGbf lzIff xf] eGg] s/' fdf s;s} f] bO' { dt 5g} .
lzIffsf] cgs' n" ke| fjaf6 g} ;Gtfgn] ;v' L hLjg kfp5“ g\ . o;n] ;Gtfgsf] eljio lgdf0{ fdf
;xofu] u5{ . ;GtfgnfO{ lbPsf] ;DklTt jm| lds ¿kdf gi6 xb“' } hfG5 t/ lzIff gi6 xb“' g} .
;Gtfg ;DklTtn] xfO] g lzIffn] ubf{ c;n xG' 5g\ . c;n JolStTjsf] ljsf; lzIffaf6 dfq
;Dej 5 . JolStsf] c7f6] , ljm| ofzLntf / l;hg{ f ;DklTtaf6 xfO] g lzIffaf6 dfq kf| Kt xG' 5 .

kl5 cfpg] ldqx¿n] ;GtfgnfO{ lzIffeGbf ;DklTt 7n' f] xG' 5 eGb} cfkm\ gf ts{ k:| tt'
ugx{' fn] f . To;f] eGg' pkoS' t xb“' g} . ;o" s{ f] cufl8 aTtL eg] h:t} ;o" { lzIff xf] eg] aTtL
;DklTt xf] . aTtLn] ;fgf] 7fpd“ f pHofnf] 55{ eg] ;o" n{ ] ;;+ f/e/ pHofnf] 55{ . cflbslj
efge' St, dxfslj bj] sf6] f ;DklTtn] xfO] g lzIffn] ubf{ dxfg\ ePsf xg' \ . olb ;DklTtn] lzIff
kf| Kt ug{ ;lsg] eP ;;+ f/df ;a} wgL dfG5x] ¿ dfq ljåfg\ xg' ] lyP . ;s' /ft, Kn6] f,] c/:t'
;DklTtn] xfO] g lzIffn] ubf{ c;n ;Gtfg / c;n JolStTj ePsf xg' \ . -klxnf] 3G6L aH5 . _

To;n} ] kT| os] ;Gtfgdf c;n rt] gfsf] ljsf; ugs{ f nflu ;DklTt xfO] g lzIff cfjZos 5 .
lzIffsf] zlStsf] ;Ldf 5g} . o;n] JolSt, ;dfh / /fi6n« fO{ g} ku| lttkm{ pGdv' u/fO/fvs] f]
xG' 5 . lzIffn] g} afnssf] hLjgnfO{ ;/n, ;xh, cgz' fl;t, :jfjnDaL / ;xofu] L
agfp“5 . -bf;] f| ] 3G6L aH5_ olt eGb} ;do ;lsPsfn] d cfkm\ gf s/' f oxL“ 6ª' U\ ofpg
rfxG5' . wGojfb . -;efaf6 tfnL aH5 ._
Curriculum
Development Centre

cg's"n M cfkmn" ] lrtfP jf eg] h:t}
c7f]6 M lgwf,] lg0fo{

74 gk] fnL, sIff ^

Curriculum pb3\ fi] fs
Development Centre
ca ;GtfgnfO{ ;DklTt 7n' f] xG' 5 eGg] ljifodf cfkm\ gf ts{ cl3 ;fg{ kf;fª nfdfnfO{
lgDTofp“b} 5' . -;efaf6 tfnL aH5 ._

kf;fª nfdf

cfb/0fLo ;efWoIfHo," kd| v' cltlyHo," lg0ffo{ s ju,{ cfb/0fLo u?' ju{ / d/] f Kof/f Kof/f
;fyLx¿ ¤

cfh d o; jfb ljjfb kl| tofl] utfdf ;GtfgnfO{ ;DklTt eGg] ljifodf cfkm\ gf tsx{ ¿ /fVb}
5' . cyft{ \ d/] f] ljrf/ ;GtfgnfO{ lzIffeGbf ;DklTt 7n' f] xf] eGg] /xs] f] 5 .

ldqx¿ ¤ kj" j{ Stf ldqn] ;DklTtnfO{ tR' 5 j:t' 7fGge' of] . Tof] pxfs“ f] ed| dfq xf] .
;fyLx¿ of] ;do ;DklTtsf] ;do xf] . ;GtfgnfO{ ;DklTtlagf sg' } klg sfddf cl3 a9fpg
;lsb“ }g . ;DklTt 5 eg] ;a} yfs] 5 t/ ;DklTt 5g} sx] L klg xb“' g} .

zflGt, l;hg{ f, oz, sLlt,{ ;v' , ;l' jwf, cf/fd h:tf s/' fdf ;DklTts} 7n' f] el" dsf /xs] f]
x'G5 . ljZjdf lan u6] ;\ lsg kV| oft eP < cdl] /sf, rLg, an] fot cflb bz] lsg
zlStzfnL /fi6« eP < of] ;a} pgLx¿;u“ ePsf] kz| :t ;DklTtsf] kl/0ffd xf] . rGbd| fdf
kU' g] sfdbl] v lnP/ cGtl/Ifofgsf] ljsf;df ToxL ;DklTtn] g} ;xofu] u/s] f] 5 .
;DklTtlagf JolStn] lzIff klg cfhg{ ug{ ;Sbg} . xfdf| ] h:tf] vfg nufpg ;d:of ePsf]
bz] df t emg\ ;DklTt g} rflxG5 . cfh slt JolSt ;DklTtsf] cefjdf pkrf/ geP/
dT[ os' f] dv' df 56k6fO/xs] f 5g\ . dfG5n] ] hlt klg ljbo\ f cfhg{ u5,{ Tof] ;a} ;DklTts}
nflu xf] . 9ª' u\ fsf] e/ df6f] / df6fs] f] e/ 9ª' u\ f eg] h:t} JolStsf] e/ ;DklTt /
;DklTtsf] e/ JolSt xf] . ljbo\ fno, c:ktfn, ;8s, pbo\ fu] :yfkgf ug{ lzIffn] dfq sxf“
;Dej 5 / < o;sf nflu ;DklTt g} rflxG5 . -klxnf] 3G6L aH5 ._

cGTodf ;Gtfgsf] ;v' ;l' jwf / ;DkGgtfsf nflu ;DklTt cfjZos 5 . ;DklTt ePg eg]
dflg; sk' fi] f0fsf] l;sf/ aG5 . cfhsf] 1fg / lj1fgsf] ko| fu] ;v' / ;DkGgtfsf nflu
ko| fu] ugk{' 5{ . -bf;] f| ] 3G6L aH5 ._ olt eGb} cfkm\ gf] egfO oxL“ cGTo ug{ rfxG5,'
wGojfb . -;efaf6 hf]8bf/ tfnL aH5 ._

oz M OHht, /fdf| ] Voflt 75
cGtl/Ifofg M kY[ jLsf] jfo' d08neGbf aflx/ ofqf ug{] /s6] cflb
s'kf]if0f M kfl} i6s tTTjsf] sdLaf6 xg' ] c;/

gk] fnL, sIff ^

Curriculumpb3\ fi] fs
Development Centre
xfdLn] kIf / ljkIfsf vl“ bnf tsx{ ¿ ;G' of“} . ca kml] / kIfaf6 cfkm\ gf tsx{ ¿ /fVg cfpb“ }
xg' 'x'G5, gLtf ofbj .

gLtf ofbj

cfb/0fLo ;efWoIfHo," kd| v' cltlyHo," u?' ju,{ lg0ffo{ sHox" ¿ / Kof/f ;fyLx¿ ¤ cfhsf]
jfb ljjfb kl| tofl] utfdf d ;GtfgnfO{ lzIff 7n' f] eGg] kIfdf cfkm\ gf tsx{ ¿ k:| tt' ub{} 5' .
lzIff dfgj ljsf;sf] k/]| 0ffsf] ;f| t] xf] . lzIffn] dflg;nfO{ ;xL af6fd] f lx8“ fp5“ . ljjs] L,
1fgL / ljgozLn agfpg] dfWod lzIff g} xf] .

lzIffnfO{ g t rf/] n] rfg] { ;S5 g t s;n} ] g} x/0f ug{ ;S5 g bfhe' fOsf lardf
af8“ g\ k' 5{ . ;DklTt vr{ ubf{ gfl;G5 t/ lzIff hlt vr{ u¥of] plt a9b\ } hfG5 . lzIff g}
Tof] wg xf] hg' ;;+ f/s} pTsi[ 6 wg xf] . ;dfhdf JofKt s/' Llt, c1fgtf x6fO{ c;n
gful/ssf] pTkfbgdf lzIffn] g} 7n' f] el" dsf vn] s] f] xG' 5 .

d/] f] kj" j{ Stf ldqn] eGge' of,] æhLjg ;v' ;onsf nflu xf] .Æ o;f] eGg' ;/f;/ unt xf] .
kl| ;bw\ ljåfg\ cNa6{ cfOG;6fOg, nO' kf:r/, Dof8d So/' L ;DklTtn] ubf{ ;;+ f/df kV| oft ePsf
xfO] gg\ . lzIff rt] gfsf] cfwf/ xf] eGg] s/' f d/] f ljkIfL ldqn] lsg la;g{ e' Psf] < l;bw\ fy{ uft} dn]
/fh;L ;v' ;onsf] Tofuaf6 ;v' / zflGt kmn] f kfg{ ;ss] f] s/' fnfO{ lsg la;g{ e' Psf] <

lzIffsf] dxTTjnfO{ ae' m/] cufl8 a9g\ ' ab' l\ wdfgL 7xl/G5 . cf8] f/df a:g] dfG5] cfh cGtl/Ifdf
a:tL a;fpg] t/v/df xg' s' f] sf/0f lzIff g} xf,] ;DklTt xfO] g . -klxnf] 3G6L aH5_

To;n} ] d lgisifd{ f s] eGg rfxG5' eg] ;GtfgnfO{ ;DklTt lbgs' f] ;66\ f lzIff lbP/ JolSt,
;dfh / /fi6s« f] ljsf;df nufpg ;Sgk' 5{ . -bf;] f| ] 3G6L aH5_ olt eGb} d/] f tsx{ ¿ oxL“
6ª' U\ ofpg rfxG5' . wGojfb . -;efaf6 tfnL aH5 ._

o;} lsl;dn] cGo JolStx¿sf] jStJosf] kfnf] ;lsG5 . pb3\ fi] fsn] jm| dzM lg0ffo{ sx¿sf]
lg0fo{ , kd| v' cltlysf] dGtJo, k/' :sf/ ljt/0f tyf ;efWoIfsf] jStJo;lxt ;ef lj;hg{
ug{ cg/' fw] u5g{ \ . tL sfd ;DkGg ePkl5 jfb ljjfb k|ltofl] utf ;dfKt x'G5 .

ljgozLn M ljgd|
lj;h{g M ;dfKt, 6ª' U\ ofpg] sfd

76 gk] fnL, sIff ^

cEof;

Curriculum != pTt/ eg M
Development Centre
-s_ ;efWoIfsf nflu s;nfO{ cg/' fw] ul/Psf] 5 <
-v_ jfb ljjfbdf kT| os] jStfnfO{ slt ldg6] sf] ;do lbOPsf] 5 <
-u_ pdf ;fksf6] fn] ;GtfgnfO{ s] 7n' f] xG' 5 egs] L l5g\ <
-3_ kf;fª nfdfn] kIf jf ljkIf sg' df cfkm\ gf] ts{ /fV5g\ <
-ª_ ;efsf] lj;hg{ ug{ s;nfO{ cg/' fw] ul/G5 <

@= tnsf egfO s;n] egs] f] xf] < nv] M

-s_ lzIffsf] cgs' n" ke| fjaf6 g} ;Gtfgn] c;n dfu{ kfp5“ g\ .
-v_ zflGt, l;hg{ f, oz, sLlt,{ ;v' , ;l' jwf, cf/fd h:tf s/' fdf ;DklTts} el" dsf

/x]sf] x'G5 .
-u_ cf8] f/df a:g] dfG5] cfh cGtl/Ifdf a:tL a;fpg] t/v/df kU' gs' f]

sf/0f lzIff xf] .

#= tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] pTt/ nv] M

-s_ jfb ljjfb kl| tofl] utfdf jStfn] kfng ugk{' g{] dV' o dV' o lgodx¿ s] s] xg' \ <
-v_ pdf ;fksf6] fn] JoSt u/s] f dV' o dV' o tsx{ ¿ s] s] xg' \ <
-u_ ;GtfgnfO{ ;DklTteGbf lzIff 7n' f] xG' 5 eGga] f/] kIfsf ;fyLn] s:tf ts{

lbPsf 5g\ <
-3_ lzIff rt] gfsf] cfwf/ xf] eGgs' f] cfzo s] xf] <
-ª_ ;DklTtsf] cfwf/df dflg;nfO{ kz| ;+ f gul/gs' f] sf/0f s] xf] <

$= JofVof u/ M

-s_ cfhsf] ou' sf] cfjZostf ;DklTteGbf lzIff xf] .
-v_ lzIff hlt vr{ u¥of] plt a9b\ } hfG5 .

gk] fnL, sIff ^ 77

Curriculum%= ‘;DklTteGbf lzIff 7n' f’] jfb ljjfb k|ltofl] utfdf JoSt ul/Psf kIf
Development CentreljkIfsf ljrf/dWo] ltdL sg' ljrf/;u“ ;xdt 5f} / ;xdt xg' fsf]
sf/0f s] s] xg' \ < :ki6 u/ .

^= æ;GtfgnfO{ ;DklTt / lzIff bj' } cfjZos xg' ;S5gÆ\ eGg] af/d] f ;efWoIfsf
xl} ;otn] 5f6] f] dGtJo nv] L sIffdf ;fyLx¿nfO{ ;g' fpm .

zAb e08f/
&= tnsf pN6f] cy{ xg' ] zAb;u“ hf8] f ldnfO{ sfkLdf nv] M

kIf czflGt
cgs' n" ldq
zflGt kl5
cl3 ljkIf

kl| tsn"

*= p:t} cy{ lbg] csf{] zAb nv] M

ldq, ;v' , ab' l\ wdfgL, ba' n{

(= jfSodf ko| fu] u/ M

JolStTj, ;o" ,{ ;DklTt, ;xefuL, c7f6] , zflGt, ;ef, pbo\ fu] , rt] gf

pRrf/0f / lxHh]
!)= ‘;GtfgnfO{ ;DklTt rflxG5’ eGg] ljifodf kf;fª nfdfn] JoSt u/s] f

tsx{ ¿ k9/] sIffdf ;g' fpm .
!!= tnsf zAb zb' w\ ;u“ pRrf/0f u/ M

kf| ªu\ 0f, kw| fgfWofks, lg0ffo{ s, v08g, pb3\ fi] fs, cGtl/Ifofg, lj;hg{

78 gk] fnL, sIff ^

!@= zb' w\ ;u“ nv] M

k:' 6L, k5o\ , la1fg, e/d, ;Lhg{ f, AoSlt, /f:6,« aStJo, lhjg, al' 4dflg

!#= kf7df 0f, g ko| fu] ePsf bO' { bO' { cf6] f zAb nv] .

Curriculum sfo{d"ns Jofs/0f
Development Centre
!$= k9, ae' m / u/ M

-s_ ;GtfgnfO{ ;DklTteGbf lzIff 7n' f] xG' 5 .
-v_ cfhsf] ou' 1fg / lj1fgsf] ou' xf] .
-u_ ljZjdf ljsl;t /fi6« lsg kV| oft eP <
-3_ ltdL lsg lxhf] ljbo\ fno cfPgf} <
-ª_ lzIffn] xfdLnfO{ ;/n, :jfjnDaL / cgz' fl;t agfp5“ .
-r_ ldqx¿ ¤ xfdL efl] n kfv] /f hfG5f} lg ¤

k0" f{ lj/fd, kZ| g lrxg\ , cNk lj/fd / pbu\ f/ lrxg\ sf] ko| fu] u/L bO' { bO' { cf6] f jfSo agfpm .

!%= tnsf jfSodf pkoS' t lrxg\ ko| fu] u/ M

-s_ pdf, kf;fª / gLtf ljbo\ fno uP5g\
-v_ s] ux[ sfo{ u/s] f] 5g}
-u_ wt\ s] To:tf] vfpn“ f h:tf] u//] x/] s] f]
-3_ d sfkL snd lstfj / emfn] f lsG5'
-ª_ ;fg] ,' gfa] ,{' km' jf{ / cAbn' slxn] cfP

!^= k9, ae' m / u/

-s_ dn} ] cfkm\ gf tsx{ ¿ /fVb} lyP .
-v_ gLtf ljbo\ fno hfb“ } lyOg\ .

g]kfnL, sIff ^ 79

-u_ d lzIff 7n' f] eGg] kIfdf cfkm\ gf] tsx{ ¿ /fVb} 5' .
-3_ ;GtfgnfO{ lbPsf] ;DklTt jm| lds ¿kdf gi6 xb'“ } hfG5 .
-ª_ d 3/ hfb“ } xg' ] 5' .
-r_ lzIff hlt vr{ u¥of] ptL a9b\ } hfg] 5 .

dflysf] jfSodf ko| fu] ePsf /fVb} lyP, hfb“ } lyOg,\ /fVb} 5,' xb“' } hfG5, hfb“ } xg' ] 5,' a9b\ } hfg]
5 h:tf ljm| ofkbn] sfdsf] ck0" f{ cj:yf jf sfd k/' f gePsf] cj:yfnfO{ hgfp5“ g\ . ck0" f{ kIfn]
sfd k/' f gePsf] jf sfd xb'“ } u/s] f] cj:yfnfO{ hgfp5“ . ck0" f{ kIf ae' mfpg wftd' f t,} b} hf8] /]
To;kl5 5, 5g\ , 5;,\ lyof,] lyP, lyO;,\ xg' ] 5, xg' ] 5g\ h:tf ;xfos ljm| ofsf] ko| fu] ul/G5 .
Curriculum
Development CentrelbOPsf wfta' f6 ljm| ofkbsf] ck0" f{ kIfnfO{ hgfpg] ¿k agfpm M

pbfx/0f M u/\ + b} = lyof} = ub{} lyof} .

6s] \ + b} = 5 = 6S] b} 5 .

eg\ + b} = xg' ] 5' = eGb} xg' ] 5' .

k9,\ afn] ,\ nv] ,\ vn] ,\ x/] ,\ hf, vf, a;\

!&= tnsf ljm| ofsf ck0" f{ ¿knfO{ jfSodf ko| fu] u/ M

pbfx/0fM ;G' b} 5 = kf;fª jfb ljjfb ;G' b} 5 .

3fS] b} 5g\ vN] b} lyof] 3D' b} xg' ] 5'

afN] b} 5 eGb} lyP nV] b} xg' ] 5g\

!*= ljbo\ fno j/k/ xb'“ } u/s] f ljleGg ljm| ofsnfksf] af/d] f ck0" f{ ljm| ofkbx¿sf]
ko| fu] u/L j0fg{ u/ / sIffdf ;g' fpm .

l;hg{ fTds cEof;

!(= æ;xl/of hLjgeGbf ufpn“ ] hLjg ;v' L xG' 5Æ eGg] ljifosf] kÔ jf
ljkÔdf sÔfsf ;fyLx¿ afl“ 8P/ jfb ljjfb u/ .

80 gk] fnL, sIff ^

kf7 M !@ :jfledfgL dv'

Ifq] kt| fk clwsf/L

;f/] 7Ldf vfh] dnfO{ dfbnd' f vfh]Curriculum
/fb] L3/df df?gLsf] ufhn'df vf]h .Development Centre

psfnL / cf/] fnLdf
sn} ] 5fof le/fnLdf
9f]nsL / v“h} 8Ldf
sn} ] dfof d/' nLdf
agn] Ldf 5fof xG' 5'
ltdL h:tf] xfO] g d t
htf 5f]of] ltdL 5G' 5' .

v/Laf6] df vfh] dnfO{ r/Lsf6] df vfh]
ef6] hfg] af6fd] l' g e8] Luf7] df vf]h .

lxdkmb] Lsf] cw“ /] Ldf
eLdkmb] Lsf] kw“ /] Ldf
sn} ] ;t] } as' L kmN' 5'
xl] kPsf] ;v' eGbf

;f]/7L M u?' ª, du/ cflb hfltdf kr| lnt uLt ufpb“ } bv] fOg] gf6s
/fb] L3/ M ljzi] ft u?' ª hfltdf kr| lnt, /ftL lglZrt 7fpd“ f l76fl76L en] f eP/

df?gL uLt ufpg] / gfRg] 3/
9f]nsL M dlxnfsf] ei] fdf ufpg] / gfRg] dfG5]
v}“h8L M bfofk“ 6l\ 6 uhfn] / afofk“ 6l\ 6 xftn] wfk lbP/ ahfOg] tfn afhf
M 8Dkm' h:t} t/ 8Dkme' Gbf ;fgf] 3/] fdf dh' /' hl8Psf] / Psflt/ dfq 5fnfn]
e]8Luf]7
dfl] 8Psf] ehg sLtg{ df ahfOg] tfn afhf
M e8] fsf] uf7]

gk] fnL sIff ^ 81

kl' hPsf] bM' v} /fdf| ]
sf/] Laf6L 5g} /z] d
:jfledfgL dv' } /fdf| ]
dfOag] Ldf vfh] dnfO{ sfuag] Ldf vfh]
s0ffn{ Lsf] kfgLleq gfuag] Ldf vfh] .

Curriculum:jfledfgLM cfTd uf}/j, cfkmn“} fO{ dfg ug{] efj
Development CentredfOa]gLM Onfdsf dfO{ / hfu] dfO{ bO' { gbLsf bfe] fgdf df3el/ dn] f nfUg] :yfg
sfua]gL M dl' Stgfy glhsdf /xs] f] kl| ;bw\ tLy:{ yn
gfua]gL M gfuan] L h:t} afªu\ fl] 6ªu\ f] eP/ aUg] kfgLsf] 5fn

cEof;

!= ‘:jfledfgL dv' ’ sljtf lzIfsn] jfrg u/s] f] ;g' / To:t} nodf jfrg u/ .
@= pTt/ eg M

-s_ ufhn' / dfbnd' f sf] el] 6G5 <
-v_ 5fof sxf“ bl] vG5 <
-u_ as' L sxf“ kmN' 5 <
-3_ s] :jfledfgL xg' ' /fdf| ] xG' 5 <
-ª_ ;v' eGbf klg sg' bM' v /fdf| ] xG' 5 <

#= pTt/ nv] M

-s_ sljn] cfkm" nfO{ sxf“ sxf“ vfh] egs] f 5g\ <
-v_ sljtfdf sd] f dfof xG' 5 elgPsf] 5 <
-u_ lsg xl] kPsf] ;v' eGbf kl' hPsf] bM' v /fdf| ] xG' 5 <
-3_ s;/L :jfledfgL aGg ;lsG5 <

82 gk] fnL sIff ^

$= JofVof u/ M

dfOag] Ldf vfh] dnfO{ sfuag] Ldf vfh]
s0ffn{ Lsf] kfgLleq gfuag] Ldf vfh] .

%= kf7sf] lrq x/] / ltgsf af/d] f ltdLn] hfga] e' ms] f s/' f atfpm .
^= o; sljtfdf ePsf dV' o dV' o s/' f l6k / lzIfsnfO{ bv] fpm .
&= ltdf| ] ;dfhdf sg' sg' afhf kfOG5 < ltgsf] gfd nv] / sg' } Pssf] lrq

agfpm .
*= ltdf| ] 7fpd“ f bv] fOg] gfr, hfqf, dn] f cflbsf af/d] f nv] /] lzIfsnfO{ bv] fpm .
Curriculum
Development CentrezAb e08f/

(= tnsf zAb k9, cy{ ae' m / To:t} hf8] L zAb nv] M 83

dfbn' – ufhn' =========================
psfnL – cf/] fnL ======================
9fn] sL – vh“} 8L =======================
v/Laf6] – r/Lsf6] ===================
cw“ /] L – kw“ /] L =========================
lxdkmb] L – eLdkmb] L ==================
xl] kPsf] –kl' hPsf] ====================
dfOag] L – sfuag] L =================

!)= tnsf zAbsf] cy{ nv] M

dfbn,' ufhn,' d/' nL, agn] L, psfnL

!!= cy{ vN' g] u/L jfSodf ko| fu] u/ M

df?gL, cw“ /] L, kw“ /] L, sf/] Laf6L, d/' nL

gk] fnL sIff ^

CurriculumpRrf/0f / lxHh]
Development Centre
!@= tnsf zAb zb' w\ ;u“ pRrf/0f u/ M

df?gL, vh“} 8L, e8] Luf7] , cw“ /] L

!#= ;RofP/ sfkLdf ;f/ M

iff/] l7, dn' L,{ vl/af6] , xLdkml] b, js' L, :jflddfg,\ sfUjg] L

!$= ‘:jfledfgL dv' ’ sljtfsf ;?' sf !) kªl\ St zb' w\ ;u“ ;f//] lzIfsnfO{
b]vfpm .

sfo{d"ns Jofs/0f

!%= k9, ae' m / u/ M

-s_ dnfO{ ;f/] 7L / dfbnd' f vfh] .
-v_ dnfO{ /fb] L3/df vfh] .
-u_ xl] kPsf] ;v' eGbf kl' hPsf] bM' v /fdf| ] xG' 5 .
-3_ :jfledfgL dflg;nfO{ ;an} ] /fdf| ] dfGb5g\ .

dflysf jfSodf uf9f cIf/sf zAbn] jfSo k/' f u/s] fn] tL ljm| ofkb xg' \ . oL
ljm| ofkb jtd{ fg sfndf 5g\ . jtd{ fg ljm| ofkbsf] ko| fu] u/L cGo kfr“ cf6] f
jfSo agfpm .
!^= vfnL 7fpd“ f ldNbf] ljm| ofkb /fvL jfSo k/' f u/ M

-s_ dnfO{ ef6] hfg] af6fd] l' g e8] Luf7] df ===============.
-v_ pm eLdkmb] Lsf] kw“ /] Ldf 8N' g ===============.
-u_ as' L kmn' ;t] } kmn' s] f] ========.
-3_ xfdL ;a} :jfledfgL =========.
-ª_ xfdL dfOag] L / sfuag] Ldf 8N' g ==========.

84 gk] fnL sIff ^

!&= kf7df ko| fu] ePsf ;f/] 7L, /fb] L3/, 9fn] sL, vh“} 8L, sfuag] L cflb gfd xg' \ .
kf7df ko| fu] ePsf cGo kfr“ cf6] f gfd zAbx¿ l6k .

!*= pbfx/0f x/] L vfnL 7fpd“ f nv] M

pbfx/0f M d vh“} 8L ahfp5“ ' .

ltdL vh“} 8L ahfp5“ f} .
Curriculum
Development Centrepm vh“} 8L ahfp5“ .

-s_ d lxdkmb] Ldf 3D' g hfG5' . xfdL ===================.

ltdL ======================. ltdLx¿ ================.

pm==========================. pgLx¿ ==================.

-v_ d :jfledfgL 5' . xfdL ===================.
ltdL ======================. ltdLx¿ ================.
pm==========================. pgLx¿ ==================.

l;hg{ fTds cEof;

!(= cfkmn“} ] ;fr] /] vfnL 7fpd“ f ldNg] zAb e/ / sljtf k/' f u/L ;g' fpm M

bl[ i6 xfdf| ] ;xf/f xf] ================xg] n{ fO{ -;;+ f/, sfd, cfv“ f_
t/ ==============ug{' xG' g bl[ i6ljxLgnfO{ -dfof, xn] f, :gx] _
bl[ i6ljxLgx¿ klg ===============;S5g\ . -k9g\ nV] g, sfd, k;] f_
cfv“ f bV] gx] ¿ h:t} =================a9g\ ;S5g\ . -clu, kl5, dfly_
===================df sfd ug{ ;a} k;] f ug{ -;ef, sfofn{ o, uf7] _
sDKo6' / rnfpg, aGb Jofkf/ ======= -eGg, nV] g, ug_{
=================x¿ ;S5g\ xn] f ug{' xG' g -bl[ i6ljxLg, Jofkf/, sfd_
dfG5] g} xg' \ ========kfP kl5 kg{] xg} . -kj" ,{ u0' f, dfs} f_

gk] fnL sIff ^ 85

kf7 M !# ol' wli7/sf] k/LIff

Curriculum
Development Centre
wt[ /fi6s« f efO kf08s' f sG' tL / dfbL| gfdsf bO' { kTgL lyP . sG' tLaf6 ol' wli7/, eLd /
chg{' hGd] . dfbL| af6 gxsn' / ;xbj] hGd] . oL kfr“ hgfnfO{ kf08j elgGYof] . oLdWo]
ol' wli7/ ;TojfbL / cfbzj{ fbL lyP . eLddf zlSt / ;fx; lyof] . ch'g{ df l;k /
hfu“ / tyf gxsn' df 1fg / ab' l\ w lyof] . ;xbj] ¿kjfg\ tyf cgz' fl;t lyP . u?' sf]
c;n lgbz{] g / cfkm\ gf] ldlxgt] af6 pgLx¿df oL u0' f ljsf; ePsf lyP . cfkm\ g} zlSt
/ ofh] gfaf6 kf08jx¿n] OGbk| :| y gfdsf] /fHo sfod u/s] f lyP . wt[ /fi6s« f 5f/] fx¿ eg]
kf08jnfO{ bl] v;xb“ g} y] . pgsf ;o hgf 5f/] fdWo] bo' fw{] g / bM' zf;g pbb\ 08 lyP .

kf08jx¿ ;TojfbL, wdfT{ df / stJ{ o k/fo0f lyP . sf/} jx¿ wt" ,{ :jfyL{ / 3dG8L lyP .
pgLx¿ ljleGg if8o\ Gq u//] kf08jnfO{ bM' v lbGy] . Ps lbg sf/} jn] ;Nnfx u/L

;TojfbL M ;fr“ f] afN] g]
cfbzj{ fbL M cgs' /0f ug{ ;lsg] u0' f ePsf]
pb\b08 M cfjm| fds, s8f :jefj ePsf]
stJ{ o k/fo0f M stJ{ o kfng ug{]
w"t{ M 5n5fd ug{] :jefjsf,] wfs] a] fh
:jfyL{ M cfÇgf] dfq enfO rfxg]

86 gk] fnL sIff ^

kf08j;u“ kf;f vN] g] ofh] gf agfP . kf;f vN] bf kf08jn] lhtd] f sf/} jn] cfkm\ gf] cfwf

/fHo pgLx¿nfO{ lbg] eP . kf08jn] xf/d] f pgLx¿n] af/ jif{ jgjf; / Ps jif{ c1ft jf;

hfgkk' fg7{] ;Mt!{ #/flvof] . hfn u//] sf/} jn] kf;f lht] . ;tc{ g;' f/ kf08jn] /fHo 5f8/]

jgjf; hfgk' g{] eof] . pgLx¿ cfkm\ gL kTgL bf| k} bL;lxt jgjf; nfu] .

To; an] f hªu\ ndf Clifdl' gsf cf>d xG' y] . kf08jx¿ ljleGg cf>ddf ku' /] ctL{ lnGy] .
Toxf“ wd,{ Gofo, dfgjtf / aGwT' jsf af/d] f 5nkmn xG' Yof] . kf08jsf cfkmGtx¿ jgd} ku' /]
;xfge' l" t ks| 6 uy{] . pgLx¿ eGg] uy,{] æ;Tosf] ;w“} ljho xG' 5 . cfkts\ f] ;fyL wo} { xf] . bM' v
;xk] l5 cjZo ;v' cfp5“ .Æ kf08jn] pgLx¿af6 klg wo} { / cgz' f;gsf] kf7 k9] .
Curriculum
Development Centre
jgjf;sf] cjlw ;lsg} nfus] f] lyof] . kf08jx¿ c1ft jf;sf] ofh] gf agfpb“ } lyP . Ps
hgf af| xd\ 0f sxflnb“ } ToxL“ cfOku' ] . pgL ljnfk ub{} eGg yfn,] æwdfT{ df ol' wli7/! axfb/'
kf08j ! Tof] xl/0f clUgsjr l;ªdf pg/] efUof] . dn} ] ;dfpg ;lsg“ . xl/0f kjm| /]
clUgsjr NofOlbgx' f;] \ . Tof] geP d clUgxfq] ug{ kfpl“ bg“ . wds{ f] /Iff ul/lbgx' f;] ,\ ke| f] ¤Æ

af| xd\ 0fsf] cg/' fw] ;G' gf;fy kf08jx¿ xl/0fsf kl5 nfu] . xl/0f hªu\ nsf] larlt/ kl' u;ss] f]

lyof] . lgsa} /] nv6] b\ f klg pgLx¿n] xl/0f e6] 6\ fPgg\ . dWofxg\ sf] rsf{] 3fddf pgLx¿sf

cf7] dv' ;s' ] . pgLx¿ zLtn tfKg Pp6f ?vsf] 5xf/Ldf a;] . pgLx¿nfO{ va' ltvf{ nfus] f]
lyof] . glhsdf sg' } hnfzo gbv] k] l5 ol' wli7/n] eg,] æ;xbj] ! st} tfn, tnfp, gbL 5 ls uP/
kfgL Nofpm .Æ x;\ eGb} kfgL lng uPsf ;xbj] kmsg{] g\ . gxsn' , chg{' / eLd klg kfgL lng

uP t/ kmsg{] g\ . of] bv] /] ol' wli7/ lgs} lrlGtt eP . kfgLsf] Kof; / efOx¿ x/fPsf] lrGtfdf

/Gylgb“ } pgL Pp6f hnfzo glhs ku' ] . Toxf“ t cfkm\ gf rf/} efO dt[ cj:yfdf kmn] f k/] .

kf;f M hj' f h:t} Ps vn] 87
c1ft M yfxf gePsf,] yfxf lbg gxg' ]
Gofo M lg;fkm, l7s al] 7s 56' o\ fpg] sfd
dfgjtf M dfG5d] f xg' k' g{] u0' f
aGw'Tj M ;;+ f/sf ;an} fO{ bfhe' fO 7fGg] efj
;xfg'e"lt M c¿dfly k/s] f] dsfd{ f cfkmn“} fO{ k/;] /x xg' ] cge' j
w}o{ M ljrlnt gxg' ]
cg'zf;g M c;n cfr/0f
clUgsjr M cfufsf] /fkaf6 aRg lz/df nufOg] sk8f
clUgxfq] M cfufd] f ul/g] xjg
dWofxg\ M dWo lbp;“ f]
hnfzo M kfv] /L, kfgL hds] f] 7fp“
d[t M d/]sf]

gk] fnL sIff ^

Curriculum
Development Centre
ol' wli7/ cToGt lrlGtt / zfs] dUg ag] . pgsf cfv“ faf6 a//{ cf“;' rl' xP . zf]s,
cfZro{ / zªs\ f ldl>t :j/df pgL eGg yfn,] æs] lauf/] d/] f efOn] < s;n] df/]
lognfO{ < sf] jL/ lg:Sof] d/] f efOnfO{ dfg{] < st} of] bo' fw{] gs} rfnafhL t xg} < p;n]
kfgLdf ljif t ld;fPg <Æ ol' wli7/n] bo' fw{] gsf stt{' x¿ ;Dem] . pgn] cfkm" afR“ gs' f] sg' }
cy{ bv] g] g\ . pgn] klg ToxL hnfzosf] kfgL lkP/ dg{] ljrf/ u/] . pgL hnfzodf ku' ]
/ ch“ n' Ldf kfgL pefP . ToxL an] fdf hªn\ lt/af6 cfjfh cfof,] æ;TojfbL ol' wli7/! kfgL
vfgk' j" { d/] f kZ| gsf] pTt/ bp] m, gq ltdLn] klg lagfcys{ f] dT[ o' j/0f ugk{' g{] 5 .Æ

ol' wli7/ em;ªu\ eP . pgnfO{ dT[ os' f] eo lyPg t/ dgk{' j" { s;s} f kZ| gsf] pTt/ lbgn' fO{
cfkm\ gf] stJ{ o 7fg] . pgn] eg,] ætkfO“{ sf] xg' x' G' 5 < dnfO{ yfxf 5g} t/ kZ| g ;fW] gx' f;] \ .
d ;xL pTt/ lbg tof/ 5' .Æ

To;f] eP d/] f oL cf7 kZ| gsf] pTt/ bp] m . dflg;sf] ;fyL sf] xf] < dflg; s;/L ab' l\ wdfg\
aG5 < kY[ jLeGbf 7n' f] sf] xf] < s;nfO{ cfsfzeGbf ljzfn dflgG5 < k/bz] sf] ldq sf]
xf] < ;v' s;/L kf| Kt xG' 5 < s;/L ;as} f] Kof/f] aGg ;lsG5 < s] ubf{ bM' v xb“' g} <

zf]sdUg M lk/n] ;tfOPsf] st{'t M kfk, ss' d{

rfnafhL M hfnemn] , if8o\ Gq

88 gk] fnL sIff ^

kZ| gsf] jiff{ ;lsPkl5 cfjfh cfPlt/} kms/{] ol' wli7/ eGg yfn,] æwo} { dflg;sf] ;fyL xf] .
c;n ;ªu\ tn] dflg; ab' l\ wdfg\ xG' 5 . kY[ jLeGbf 7n' L cfdf xg' \ . lktfnfO{ cfsfzeGbf
ljzfn dflgG5 . k/bz] sf] ldq ljbo\ f xf] . ;Rrl/q / cgz' f;gn] ;v' kf| lKt xG' 5 . 3dG8
Tofud] f Kof/f] aGg ;lsG5 . l/; Tofu]df bM' v xb“' }g .Æ
:ofaf;\ ! ltdLn] lrTt ae' mb\ f / l7s pTt/ lbof} . d ltdf| sg' } Ps efO arfOlbG5' . eg
s;nfO{ arfOlbpm“ < kml] / klxns] } 7fpa“ f6 cfjfh cfof] .

ol' wli7/ uDeL/ ag] . pgn] dgdg} ;fr] ,] æwd{ /Iffsf] / cwd{ ljgfzsf] sf/s xf] . d t
hLljt 5' ! dn} ] dftf dfbL| kl| tsf] stJ{ o lgjfx{ ugk{' 5{ .Æ o;kl5 pgn] 7n' f] :j/df eg]
æd/] f] 1fgL / ab' l\ wdfg\ efO gxsn' nfO{ arfOlbgx' f;] \ .Æ
olt eGgf;fy kZ| gstf{ ;fdG' g] ks| 6 eP / cfkm\ gf] kl/ro lbb“ } eg,] æd wdb{ j] oIf x“' !
ltdL d/] f] k/LIffdf ;kmn eof} . ltdL ;fR“ r} cfbz{ JolSt /x5] f} . d ltdf| ;a} efO
lapt“ fOlbG5' . ltdLx¿sf] c1ft jf; klg ;kmn xg' ] 5 . of] af| xd\ 0fsf] clUgsjr klg
nh} fpm, dn} ] NofOlbPsf] 5' .Æ olt eGgf;fy eLd, chg{' , gxsn' / ;xbj] lgbf| af6 lape“ m] em“}
h¥ofsh?' s p7] . wdb{ j] oIf hªu\ nsf] larlt/ nfu] . kf08jn] wLt d?Ghn] kfgL vfP
/ af| xd\ 0fsf] clUgsjr lnP/ cf>dlt/ kms{] .

;Rrl/q M /fdf| ] afgL Jojxf/
wLt M Kof;, lt;g{ f

cEof;
Curriculum
Development Centre
!= pTt/ eg M
89
-s_ sG' tL / dfbL| sf 5f/] fsf] gfd s] s] xf] <
-v_ OGbk| :| y s;sf] /fHo xf] <
-u_ xl/0f s;n] ;dfpg ;sg] <
-3_ efOx¿ vfH] g ol' wli7/ sxf“ ku' ] <
-ª_ lsg ol' wli7/n] gxsn' nfO{ arfpg eg] <

gk] fnL sIff ^

Curriculum@= jfSo k/' f u/ M
Development Centre
-s_ ol' wli7/ ========================= hnfzo ku' ] .
-efOx¿sf] vfh] L ug,{ kfgL vfH] g, clUgsjr lng_

-v_ kf08jx¿n] ;w=“} ================== kfngf u/] .
-ax| d\ ro,{ wo} { / cgz' f;g, kh| f bdg ug{] kj| l[ Tt_

-u_ ol' wli7/nfO{ =================== n] kZ| g ;fw] s] f] xf] .
-hªu\ nsf] /fÔ;, oÔ, hnfzosf] kfn_]

-3_ sf/} jx¿n] ============================ kf08jx¿nfO{ x/fP .
-ankj" s{ , sk6kj" s{ , ab' l\ wkj" s{ _

#= l7s al] 7s 56' o\ fpm M

-s_ ol' wli7/df l;k / hfu“ / lyof] .
-v_ cEof;n] 1fg, ab' l\ w / ljbo\ fsf] ljsf; xG' 5 .
-u_ af| xd\ 0fsf] cfux| kfng ug{ kf08jx¿n] l9nfO u/] .
-3_ ol' wli7/sf efOx¿ bo' fw{] gsf] if8o\ Gqn] d/s] f lyP .
-ª_ kf08jx¿ ;TojfbL, wdfT{ df / stJ{ o k/fo0f lyP .
-r_ clUgsjr kfPkl5 v;' Ln] kfgL g} glkO{ kf08jx¿ cf>dtkm{ kms{] .

$= s;n] s;nfO{ egs] f] xf] < nv] M

-s_ ;Tosf] ;w“} ljho xG' 5 .
-v_ Tof] xl/0f clUgsjr l;ªdf pg/] efUof] .
-u_ s] lauf/] d/] f efOn] <
-3_ d ltdf| sg' } Ps efO arfOlbG5' .

%= pTt/ nv] M

-s_ kf08jx¿ sf] lyP / ltgLx¿sf] gfd s] s] xf] <

90 gk] fnL sIff ^

-v_ kf08jx¿n] jgjf; hfgk' g{] dV' o sf/0f s] lyof] <

-u_ jgdf kf08jx¿sf] ;do s;/L laTof] <

-3_ af| xd\ 0fsf] clUgsjr sn] ] s;/L nUof] <

-ª_ ol' wli7/ / oÔsf lar s:tf kZ| gfT] t/ eP <

-r_ ol' wli7/n] oÔ;u“ gxsn' nfO{ arfpg cfux| ugs{' f] sf/0f s] xf] <
-5_ af| xd\ 0fsf] clUgsjr s;/L lkmtf{ eof] <
-h_ dflysf] syfaf6 s] lzÔf kfOG5 <

^= JofVof u/ M

-s_ cfkts\ f] ;fyL wo} { xf] .
-v_ ;Rrl/q / cgz' f;gn] ;v' kf| lKt xG' 5 .

&= ‘ol' wli7/sf] k/LÔf’ syfn] lbg vfh] s] f dV' o dV' o pkbz] x¿ ;d6] /] cfkm\ gf
zAbdf aofg u/ .

*= lsg bM' v / cfktd\ f klg cfgGb lng ;Sgk' 5,{ syf k9 clg ae' ms] f s/' f nv] .
Curriculum
Development CentrezAb e08f/

(= pbfx/0fdf bv] fP ´“} ldNbf] ¿k /fvL vfnL 7fp“ e/ M 91

pbfx/0f M wt" { — sf/} jx¿df wT' ofO{ “ lyof] .
;Rrl/q – =============== dflg;sf] uxgf xf] .
ab' l\ w – ============= dflg;nfO{ ;an} ] sb/ u5g{ \ .
l;k – ;l/tf uLt ufpg =============== 5] .
xl/of] – jg hªu\ ndf ================kfOG5 .
3dG8 – bo' fw{] g ;fx}| ============== lyof] .

!)= tnsf zAbsf] cy{ nv] M

;fx;, lgbz{] g, cjlw, lrlGtt, ch“ n' L, ljzfn, kZ| gstf,{ cf>d

!!= cy{ vN' g] u/L jfSodf ko| fu] u/ M

hfu“ /, if8o\ Gq, aGwT' j, /Iff, cfZro,{ zªs\ f, stJ{ o, ;ªu\ t

gk] fnL sIff ^

CurriculumpRrf/0f / lxHh]
Development Centre
!@= ‘ol' wli7/sf] k/LIff’ syf kfnk} fnf] k9/] sIffdf ;g' fpm .
!#= tnsf zAb zb' w\ ;u“ pRrf/0f u/ M

wt[ /fi6,« zlSt, OGbk| :| y, bf| k} bL, cf>d, af| xd\ 0f, dt[ , a//,{ ldl>t, ab' l\ wdfg,\ oIf

!$= ;g' / nv] M

if8o\ Gq, clUgxfq] , wt" ,{ stJ{ o k/fo0f, Clif

!%= ;RofP/ ;f/ M

ow' Lli7/, if9oGq, ;fge' l" t, cUgLsar, dBfGx, bo" fw{] g, cw/d,\ cUoft af;

!^= kf7sf] klxnf] cgR' 5b] lzIfsaf6 ;g' /] nv] .

sfod{ n" s Jofs/0f

!&= k9, ae' m / u/ M

-s_ gbLdf uP/ kfgL Nofpm .
-v_ kfgL vfgk' j" { d/] f kZ| gsf] pTt/ bp] m .
-u_ sÔfsf7] fleq k|jz] u/ .
-3_ cfkm\ gf] 7fpd“ f grnLsg a; .
-ª_ /fd|f];u“ hfr“ b]pm .
-r_ aflx/ ghfpm .
oL jfSon] cf1f jf cfbz] cy{ a´' fPsf 5g\ . cf1fy{ hgfpg] ljm| ofkbsf] ko| fu] u/L kfr“
cf6] f jfSo agfpm .

!*= pbfx/0f x/] /] zAb agfpm M

wft' cf1fy{
vf vfpm
hf
ag\

92 gk] fnL sIff ^

u/\
eg\
;fr] \

!(= tn lbOPsf jfSonfO{ cf1fyd{ f abn M

pbfx/0f M kf08jx¿ xl/0fsf] kl5 nfU5g\ .
kf08jx¿ xl/0fsf] kl5 nfu .

-s_ kf08jx¿ ?vsf] 5xf/Ldf a:5g\ .
-v_ ;xbj] tnfpdf kfgL lng hfG5g\ .
-u_ ltdL hnfzodf hfG5f} .

-3_ ltdLx¿ ab' l\ wdfgL 5f} .

-ª_ ltdLx¿ pTt/ lbG5f} .
Curriculum
Development Centre
@)= pbfx/0fdf bv] fP h:t} kf7df et" sfnsf ljm| ofkb ko| fu] ePsf !) cf6] f
jfSox¿ sfkLdf nv] M

pbfx/0f M wt[ /fi6s« f efO kf08s' f sG' tL / dfbL| gfdsf bO' { kTgL lyP .

@!= k9, ae' m / u/ M

-s_ ltdLx¿sf] c1ft jf; ;kmn xg' ] 5 .

-v_ ltdLx¿ efl] n hfg] 5f} .

-u_ xl/0f clUgsjr l;ªdf pg/] efUg] 5 .

-3_ pgLx¿ zLtn 5xf/Ldf a:g] 5g\ .

-ª_ ltdLnfO{ xfdL kZ| g ;fW] g] 5f“} .

dflysf jfSox¿df ko| fu] ePsf ljm| ofkbx¿n] kl5 cfpg] ;dodf sfd xg' ] s/' fnfO{
hgfp5“ g\ . kl5 cfpg] ;donfO{ eljiot\ sfn elgG5 . eljiot\ sfn hgfpg ko| fu] xg' ]
ljm| ofkbx¿ eljiot\ sflns ljm| ofkb xg' \ . o:tf ljm| ofkb ePsf ¿kx¿ vN] g] 5,' vN] g] 5f,}
vN] g] 5,] vN] g] 5;,\ vN] g] l5g,\ vN] g] 5f,} vN] g] 5o\ f,} vN] g] 5g\ cflb xG' 5g\ .

gk] fnL sIff ^ 93

Curriculumpbfx/0fdf lbP h:t} tnsf et" sfnsf ljm| ofkbnfO{ eljiot\ sfndf kl/jtg{ u/ .
Development Centrepbfx/0f M nv6] ] = nv6] g\ ] 5g\ .

cfpy“ ,] nfu,] k/,] bv] g] g\

@@= lbOPsf wfta' f6 eljiot\ sflns ljm| ofkb agfO{ jfSodf ko| fu] u/ M

bv] ,\ ku' ,\ k9,\ p7,\ u/,\ lrg,\ /fv\

l;hg{ fTds cEof;

@#= tn lbOPsf lgbz{] gsf] ;xofu] lnO{ Pp6f syf nv] /] sÔfdf ;g' fpm M

eoªs\ / hªu\ n ––– hªu\ nsf] /fhf l;x+ ––– Pp6f ;fgf] v/fof] ––– l;x+ /
v/fofs] f] e6] ––– v/fofs] f] ab' l\ wdfgL ––– l;x+ sf] dv" t{ f ––– v/fofn] ] l;x+ nfO{
Ogf/df csf{] l;x+ bv] fpg' ––– hªu\ nsf kzk' f| 0fLsf] /Ôf

@$= ltdLn] ;g' s] f] wflds{ uG| y ;DaGwL sg' } syf l;nl;nf ldnfP/ sÔfsf
;fyLx¿nfO{ ;g' fpm .

94 gk] fnL sIff ^

kf7 M !$ nO' kf:r/

lj1fgsf Ifq] df ePsf] ljsf;n] cfhsf] ou' ;v' L ePsf] 5 . ljleGg cfljisf/n] ubf{ c;Dej s/' f klg
;Dej ePsf 5g\ . j}1flgsx¿ gof“ cfljisf/sf nflu lbg/ft v6]sf 5g\ . j}1flgsx¿sf]
lg/Gt/ ko| f;n] dfgj hLjg ;v' L ags] f] 5 . o:t} j1} flgsdWo] nO' kf:r/ klg Ps xg' \ .

nO' kf:r/sf] hGd @& l8;D] a/ !*@@ df km| fG;sf]
bfn] eGg] ufpd“ f ePsf] lyof] . pgsf lktf 5fnfsf]
sfd uy{] . pgL PskN6 g]kfl] nogsf] ;g] fdf klg egf{
ePsf lyP . lktfsf] ;l} gs JolStTjsf] ke| fjaf6
nO' df bz] elStsf] efjgf ljsf; ePsf] lyof] . pgL
lg8/ / cf6“ L ags] f lyP . afan' ] h:tf] ob' w\ gu/]
klg pgn] cfkmn" fO{ zflGt sfod{ f ;dk{0f u/] . pgn]
cfkm\ gf] a'bl\ wnfO{ k/f]ksf/df nufP .

nO' hGds] f] sx] L ;dokl5 pgsf] kl/jf/ cjf{ eGg]
;G' b/ ufpd“ f ;¥of] . ToxL“ pgn] kf| /lDes lzIff
xfl;n u/] . pgL ;G' b/ kf| sl[ ts bZ[ o xg] { / 3D' g dg

k/fpy“ ] . lrqsnfdf klg pgsf] ?lr lyof] . ;fg} pd/] df pgL kf| sl[ ts bZ[ o / dflg;sf dx' f/sf]
lrq agfpg ;Sy] . afan' ] pgnfO{ kl] /;df k9g\ k7fP . Toxf“ PSn} a:bf pgsf] :jf:Yo laluo| f] .
of] bv] /] pgn] nO' nfO{ af;] fG;fs“] f] /fhsLo dxfljbo\ fnodf egf{ ul/lbP . ToxLa“ f6 pgn]
Curriculum
cfljisf/ Development Centre
j1} flgs M gof“ l;bw\ fGtsf] kl| tkfbg, gof“ j:ts' f] vfh]
lg/Gt/ M lj1fg hfGg] JolSt
lg8/ M nuftf/
;dk{0f M g8/fpg]
k/fk] sf/ M sg' } a:t' lbg] jf r9fpg] sfd
k|f/lDes M c¿sf] enfO ug{] sfd
k|fs[lts M ;'?sf]
M ks| l[ tn] agfPsf,] ks| l[ td} ePsf]
95
gk] fnL, sIff ^

:gfts u/] . o;kl5 pgn] ;fx] L dxfljbo\ fnodf ul0ftsf ;xfos lzIfs eO{ sfd u/] .
k9fOnfO{ klg lg/Gt/tf lbPsf nO' n] ;g\ !*$& df lj1fg ljifodf 8fS6/ pkflw kf| Kt u/] .
k9fOdf ldlxgt] L eP klg /;fog zf:qdf eg] pgsf] Ifdtf sd lyof] .

o;kl5 pgn] ;fa] fg{] ljZj ljbo\ fnodf /;fog lj1fgsf] ljzi] f cWoog u/] . pgn] :tf:ju' {
ljZj ljbo\ fnodf /;fog zf:qsf kf| Wofks eO{ k9fpg yfn] . kl5 pgL Toxfs“ f kd| v'
kf| Wofks ag] . tLj| ab' l\ wsf sf/0f pgsf u?' x¿;dt] j1} flgs ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg lgsfNg
pgL;u“ ;xofu] dfUy] .
Curriculum
Development Centre
kf:r/sf] ljjfx k1| f kl| ti7fgsf lzIffWoIf nf/] s“] L 5f/] L df/L;u“ eof] . kf:r/ df/LnfO{ cToGt
dfof uy{] . df/L klg cfkm\ gf kltsf x/s] sfod{ f ;xofu] ulyg{ \ . kTgLsf] ;xofu] / cg;' Gwfgkl| tsf]
cfkm\ gf] ?lrsf sf/0f kf:r/ kf| o M ko| fu] zfnfd} Jo:t xG' y] . pgsf] kl| tef / cg;' Gwfgsf]
;jq{ rrf{ xG' Yof] . kTgLsf] k0" f{ ;dyg{ sf sf/0f pgL lg/Gt/ ;kmntfsf] l;9“ Ldf rl9/x] .

;g\ !*%$ df pgL lnn eGg] 7fpd“ f uO{ lj1fg k9fpg yfn] . To; Ifq] df dlb/f pbo\ fu]
lyof] . dlb/f pbo\ fu] sf] cjnfs] g ubf{ pgn] sg' } £ofDkfdf /fvs] f] hf8“ cldnf] xg' ] / sg' d} f
gxg' ] cj:yf bv] ] . pgnfO{ To;sf] cWoog ug{ dg nfUof] . pgn] nfdf] ;do;Dd sL6f0f' /
hLjf0f'sf] cWoog u/] . o;af6 pgn] gof“ s/' f kTtf nufP . /S;L, hf8“ , bw' , df5fdf;,'
kmnkm' n h:tf j:t' cfkm“} laub“| f /xg] 5g\ . ltgdf xfjf, kfgL jf cGo ;f| t] af6 hLjf0f' kj| z]
u/k] l5 tL laub“| f /x5] g\ . hf8“ cldnf] xg' ] sf/0f klg oxL /x5] . of] yfxf kfPkl5 pgn] bw' df
k/LIf0f u/] . bw' nfO{ lglZrt tfkjm| ddf ttfP/ sg' } ef8“ f,] aft] n cflbsf] xfjf lemsL To;df

:gfts M aL=P ;/xsf] k9fO

/;fog zf:q M kbfyd{ f /xg] /;sf] cWoog ug{] ljbo\ f

kf| Wofks M SofDk;df k9fpg] JolSt

ko| fu] zfnf M j:t' jf kbfy{ ljzi] fnfO{ hfR“ g] / ko| fu] u//] xg] {] 7fp“

kl| tef M ljzi] f lsl;dsf] Ifdtf

cg';Gwfg M sg' } gof“ s/' f vfH] g] jf kTtf nufpg] sfd

;jq{ M ;al} t/

;dy{g M ;xof]u

l;9“ L M e¥ofª, v8' l\ snf]

hLjf0f' M j:t' jf kbfyd{ f cfkm}“ pTkGg xg' ] cfvfn“ ] gbl] vg] hLj

k/LIf0f M hf“r

tfkjm| d M tftfk] g 36La9L xg' ] jm| d

96 gk] fnL, sIff ^

/fv/] aflx/sf] xfjf l5g{ glbO{ lasf{] aGb u//] /fv] . Tof] laluP| g . o;/L ttfP/ lr;f] kfbf{ sL6f0f'
d5g{ \ / aflx/sf sL6f0f' klg k:g kfpb“ g} g\ . of] bw' nfO{ zb' w\ kfg{] ljlw klg xf] . o; ljlwnfO{ pgs}
gfd;u“ hf8] /] kf:r/fOh;] g elgG5 . cfh;Dd klg bw' zb' w\ kfg{ oxL ljlw ko| fu] ul/G5 .

kf:r/n] sv' /' f / /;] d ls/fdf nfUg] /fu] sf sf/0f klg sL6f0f' g} ePsf] kTtf nufP . pgn]

sL6f0f' gi6 kf/L /fu] sf] pkrf/ ug{ ;lsg] s/' f kd| fl0ft u/] . pgn] afn} fxf ss' /' n] 6fS] bf
dflg;n] nufpgk' g{] ;O' s{ f] ljsf; u/] . afn} fxf ss' /' n] 6fS] bf To;sf] ¥ofnaf6 Hofgdf/f
sL6f0f' dflg;sf] z/L/df ;5g{ \ . tL /utsf] dfWodn] dl:tis;Dd kU' 5g\ . o;kl5 dflg;
kfgLbl] v 8/fpg yfN5 / pkrf/ geP sx] L lbgdf d5{ . /l] ah elgg] o; /fu] lj?bw\ sf] cfi} fwL
agfP/ pgn] dflg;nfO{ csfn dT[ oa' f6 arfPsf 5g\ .
Curriculum
Development Centre
Tolt an] f dflg;sf cªu\ lr/kmf/ ubf{ 3fp lgsf] geO{ sx] L dg{] uy{] . kf:r/n] o;af/d] f klg

cWoog u/] . pgn] lr/s] f 3fp kfSg] / lgsf] gxg' ] sf/0f klg sL6f0f' g} xf] eGg] kTtf

nufP . pgsf] cg;' Gwfgaf6 lr/kmf/sf nflu ko| fu] ul/g] cfh} f/ / lrlsT;sn] nufPsf

kGhf cflbaf6 sL6f0f' 3fpdf kU' g] s/' f kd| fl0ft eof] . o:tf ;fduL| nfO{ kfgLdf /fdf| ;] u“

pdfn/] sL6f0f/' lxt agfpg ;lsg] s/' f klg pgn] kTtf nufP . To:tf ;fduL| nfO{ sg' }
cfi} fwLdf rfa] /] klg sL6f0f' dfg{ ;lsg] /x5] . o;nfO{ g} cfwfl/t agfP/ an] fotsf j1} flgs
ln:6/n] sL6f0f' dfg{] l;bw\ fGt / ko| fu] nfO{ ljZjJofkL agfP . of] kf:r/sf] 7n' f] bg] xf] .
/fu] sf] pkrf/ ug,{] 3fpnfO{ kfSg glbg] / vfbo\ kbfy{ ;/' lIft /fVg] ljlwsf] vfh] L u//] kf:r/n]
dfgj sNof0fsf nflu ofu] bfg k¥' ofP .

nugzLn / bz] eSt kf:r/df ks| l[ t, lrqsnf / lj1fgkl| t ljzi] f ?lr lyof] . lj1fg Ifq] df
k¥' ofPsf] ofu] bfgsf] sb/ ub{} km| fG;n] L k1| f kl| ti7fgn] pgnfO{ ;b:otf ;dt] kb| fg u¥of] . cfh
klg km| fG;df pgsf] va' ;Ddfg ul/G5 . kfZr/ hLjge/ dfgj ;]jf / k/fk] sf/df nfus] f
lyP . kf:r/sf] ;g !*(% ;K] 6D] a/ @& df bx] fj;fg eof] . pgsf] z/L/ g/x] klg pgsf cd/
sfoa{ f6 Ps dxfg\ j1} flgssf ¿kdf pgsf] gfd ;;+ f/df kl| ;bw\ ePsf] 5 . pgL ;fdfGo
dflg;x¿df dfq geO{ j1} flgsx¿ dfem klg >bw\ o] ags] f 5g\ . pgsf] hLjgLaf6 dfgj
;j] fsf] k/]| 0ff kf| Kt ug{ ;lsG5 .

Hofgdf/f M Hofg dfg{ ;Sg] nugzLn M lg/Gt/ ¿kdf nflu/xg]
dl:tis M lbdfu bx] fj;fg M dT[ o'
ljZjJofkL M ;;+ f/e/ kml} nPsf] >b\w]o M dfg ul/g,] >bw\ f ul/g]

97 gk] fnL, sIff ^