SOCIAL STUDIES in Nepali

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Currriculum
Development Centre
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zlStnfO{ pmhf{ elgG5 . pmhf{ dflg;nfO{ geO{ gxg' ] j:t' xf] . vfgf ksfpg, oftfoftsf ;fwg /
sn sf/vfgf ;~rfng ug{ cflbsf nflu pmhf{ clt cfjZos k5{ . gk] fnsf] ;Gbed{ f k/Dk/fut /
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Currriculum
Development Centre
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Currriculum
Development Centre ;f| t] M sG] bL| o tYofªs\ ljefu

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k|ltofl] utf cfof]hgf ugx'{ f;] \ .

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-3_ g]kfndf hn ljbo\ 't;\ uF ;DalGwt tYofª\snfO{ :tDelrqdf k:| t't ug'{xf;] \ .
-ª_ hnljbo\ 't\ ljsf;sf nflu s] s:tf ultljlwx¿ ;~rfng ul/g'knf{ < pNn]v ug{'xf;] \ .
-r_ gk] fnn] ljbo\ t' \ lgof{t u/]/ ljbz] L d'bf| cfhg{ ug{] ;Defjgf 5 jf 5g} < cfˆgf ljrf/

aF'bfut ¿kdf pNnv] ug'x{ f;] \ .

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Currriculum
Development Centre

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/fdf| ] cfh{g u/]sf] bv] /] pxfF klg ljbz] hfg] ;'/;f/df nfUg'eof] . /fxbfgL agfP/ kNnf]
ufpFsf lrg]sf] bfOnfO{ /fxbfgL lbP/ stf/ hfg] k|tLIffdf a:g'eof] . Ps lbg pxfFsf] le;f
nfus] f] va/ cfof] / pxfF sf7df8f}F hfg'eof] . /fh] uf/ bftf sDkgLsf k|ltlglwn] stf/sf]
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pNn]v lyof] . kmlgr{ / pb\ofu] df cf7 306f sfd ug{k' g]{ tyf k|To]s jif{ 3/ hfg cfpg xjfO{
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h:tf] g sfd eof] g ;l' jwf g} . d?e"lddf sfd ug{k' g]{ / tna ;Demf}tf u/e] Gbf w]/} sd
dfq lyof] . pxfF h;f]t;f] bO' { jif{ a;k] l5 g]kfn kmlsg{ 'eof] . cfkm" uPsf] C0f klg b'Mv;v'
u//] ltg{'eof] . gk] fn kmls{Pkl5 ;fyLefOsf] ;Nnfxcg';f/ :yfgLo aª} \saf6 C0f lnP/
Jofj;flos ¿kdf ufO{ kfNg ;'? ug'{eof] . b; cf6] f ufO{af6 ;'? ePsf] Joj;fo lj:tf/ eP/
clxn] lt; cf]6f ufO{ ku' s] f 5g\ . o;sf nflu clxn] pxfFn] sl/a bO' { la3f hldg ef8fdf
lnge' Psf] 5 . pTkflbt bw' a]Rgsf nflu bw' ;ª\sng s]Gb| ufpFdf g} :yfkgf ul/Psf] 5 .
s]xL :yfgLo JolStn] klg /f]huf/L kfPsf 5g\ . pxfnF ] ;Dk0" f{ vr{ s6fP/ dlxgfsf] krf;
xhf/eGbf a9L art ug{x' G' 5 . cfˆgf bj' } hgf 5f/] L pRr lzIff k9b\ } 5g\ . o;/L pxfnF ] bz] df
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kl5 of] ;ª\Vof emg\ a9\of] . bz] leq pb\of]u wGbfsf] ljsf; kz| :t eO{ /f]huf/Lsf cj;/x¿
sd l;hg{ f xg' fn] /f]huf/Lsf nflu labl] ;gk' g]{ afWotf aGof] . ljb]zdf cWoog ug{ hfg]
o'jfx¿sf] ;ªV\ of klg a9b\ f] 5 . /fh] uf/L / cWoog bj' } pgLx¿sf pbb\ Z] o xg' \ . b]zsf] cflys{
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202 ;fdflhs cWoog, sIff !)

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h:tf kIfx¿ jb} l] zs /fh] uf/af6 k|fKt xg' ;S5g\ .

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eGg] 5g} .
Currriculum
Development Centrej}b]lzs /fh] uf/Lsf nflu kj" { tof/L

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zf/Ll/s tGb'?:tL 5 jf 5g} eGg] s/' f yfxf kfpgk' 5{ . o;}u/L lglZrt l;k l;s]/ ljbz]
hfbF f cfsifs{ ;'ljwf k|fKt xG' 5 . jb} ]lzs /fh] uf/Ldf hfg rfxgn] fO{ /fxbfgL cfjZos k5{ .
gful/stf ePg eg] /fxbfgL k|fKt ug{ ;lsbF g} . lhNnf kz| f;g sfof{nodf /fxbfgLsf nflu
kmf/fd ae' mfPkl5 lglZrt cjlwkl5 /fxbfgL kf| Kt x'G5 . jb} ]lzs /f]huf/Ldf hfg rfxg]n]
cfˆgf] zl} Ifs ofU] otfsf] k|df0f kq, l;k tyf cge' jsf k|df0f kq;lxt Dofg kfj/ sDkgLdf
hfg'k5{ . o;/L sg' } klg Ph]G6sf] e/ gk/L Dofg kfj/ sDkgLdf cfkmFn} ] uP/ a'emb\ f sfdsf]
ks| [lt, nfut, cfDbfgL tyf cGo ;l' jwfaf/] yfxf kfOG5 .

jb} ]lzs /f]huf/Ldf hfg] JolStn] g]kfn ;/sf/af6 :jLst[ kf| Kt ;:+ yfaf6 :jf:Yo k/LIf0f
ug'k{ 5{ . gk] fn ;/sf/n] clgjfo{ ¿kdf ladf ug'k{ g]{ lgod agfPsf] 5 . To;}n] j}bl] zs
/f]huf/Ldf hfbF f clgjfo{ ladf ug{k' 5{ . j}b]lzs /fh] uf/Ldf hfg'eGbf cufl8 cledv' Ls/0f
tflnd clgjfo{ ¿kdf lngk' 5{ . o; ks| f/sf] tflndaf6 j}bl] zs /f]huf/ ;DaGwL Pg] lgod,
cTofjZos sfuh kqx¿ tyf k:| yfg kl| jm| ofsf af/]df hfgsf/L lng ;lsG5 . j}b]lzs /f]huf/
ljefuaf6 >d :jLsl[ t lnP/ dfq jb} ]lzs /f]hu/Ldf hfgk' 5{ .

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hfge' Gbf cl3 cfjZos kj" { tof/L tyf ;fjwfgL ckgfpg ;lsG5 . ljbz] df a:bf sg' } ;d:of
cfPdf ;DalGwt bz] sf] bt' fjf;dfkmt{ klg cfˆgf] ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{ ;lsG5 . o;af6 7lug] tyf
;d:ofdf kg{] ;Defjgf sd xG' 5 / cfkm" ;/' lIft xg' klg ;lsG5 .

;fdflhs cWoog, sIff !) 203

Currriculumljm| ofsnfk
Development Centre!= tkfOs{F f] sfx] L cfkmGt j}b]lzs /f]huf/Ldf hfg'ePsf] xf]nf < pxf;F uF ePsf] s'/fsfgLsf

cfwf/df ljbz] df efU] g' k/]sf ;d:ofaf/] 5nkmn ug'{xf];\ .
@= jb} l] zs /fh] uf/Ldf hfbF f ef]Ugk' g{] ;d:ofx¿ sIffdf 5nkmn ugx'{ f;] \ .
#= jb} l] zs /f]huf/Ldf hfbF f ckgfpg'kg]{ kj" { tof/L pNnv] u/L ;+jfb tof/ kfgx{' f;] \ .
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ugx'{ f;] \ .
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;dfrf/ tof/ kfgx'{ f;] \ .
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-3_ j}bl] zs /fh] uf/Ldf hfbF f ckgfpg'kg{] ;fjwfgLx¿ s] s] xg' ;S5g\ < ab'F fut ¿kdf

pNnv] ug'{xf];\ .
-ª_ j}bl] zs /fh] uf/L rg' f}tLk"0f{ 5, s;/L < k'li6 ug'{xf];\ .
-r_ jb} l] zs /fh] uf/nfO{ Jojl:yt ug{ ePsf k|of;x¿ ;dfj]z u/L ljb]zdf b'Mv eml] n/x]sf]

;fyLnfO{ lr7L nV] g'xf;] \ .
-5_ jb} l] zs /fh] uf/nfO{ Jojl:yt ug{ ;/sf/, j}bl] zs /f]huf/bftf tyf gful/s ;dfhsf]

e"ldsf tflnsfdf k|:t't ugx'{ f];\ .
;fdb' flos sfo{
tkfOs{F f] ;d'bfoaf6 jb} l] zs /fh] uf/sf nflu ljbz] uP/ kmlsg{ 'ePsf dflg;x¿;uF ToxfF ef]Ug'
k/s] f /fdf| / g/fdf| kIfx¿sf] ;f]wvfh] u/L kl| tj]bg tof/ kfg{x' f;] \ .

204 ;fdflhs cWoog, sIff !)

kf7 M kf“r ;xsf/L / o;sf] cflys{ dxTTj

Kof/L alxgL dfGotf, ldlt M @)&$/ )%/ @)
k[YjLgu/ (, lxdfnL rfs]

z'e cfzfjfb{ / Gofgf] dfof .

ltdLn] ut dlxgf k7fPsf] lr7L dn} ] cfh kfPF . ltdLn] ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf af/d] f hfGg pT;'s
eP/ lr7L n]vs] L /lx5o\ f} . To;n} ] d ;xsf/L tyf o;sf] cfly{s dxTTjsf af/]df ltdLnfO{
s]xL hfgsf/L lbg of] lr7L nV] b} 5' .
Currriculum
Development Centre
alxgL, ;xsf/L ;:+ yf eg]sf] ;fdl" xs ¿kdf cflys{ Pjd\ ;fdflhs ¿kdf ;dfg ljrf/ afs] s] f
dflg;x¿sf] ;dx" xf] . To;n} ] ;xsf/L zAbn] ;fdfGo cyd{ f ;xsfo{ jf ldn/] sfd ug]{ eGg]
a'emfp5F . lj:t[t cyd{ f eGbf o;n] ;dfg pbb\ ]Zo, k];f, Joj;fo / ju{sf dflg;x¿ ;Fu;uF }
ldn/] cfˆgf] cflys{ tyf ;fdflhs ljsf;sf nflu ul/g] sfon{ fO{ a'emfpF5 . ;g\ !((% sf]
;]K6]Da/df an] fotsf] DofGr:] 6/df ePsf] cGt/fl{ i6«o ;xsf/L dxf;ª3\ sf] dxf;efn] ;xsf/LnfO{
kl/eflift u/]sf] xf] . o;n] ;xsf/LnfO{ …;xsf/L To:tf JolStx¿sf] :jfoTt ;ªu\ 7g xf] hf]
:j]lR5s ¿kdf Psh'6 xG' 5g\ . cfˆgf ;dfg cflys{ , ;fdflhs tyf ;f+:sl[ ts cfjZostf /
cfsfª\Iffx¿sf] kl/k"lt{ ;+o'St :jfldTj tyf kh| ftflGqs ¿kdf lgolGqt Joj;fodfkm{t ug{
rfxG5g\ .Ú egL kl/eflift u/]sf] 5 .

;xsf/L ;ªu\ 7gdf ;dfg cfly{s ;xeflutf, pb\b]Zo, cfjZostf, hf]lvd, gfkmf / v'nf Pjd\
:jl] R5s ;+nUgtf h:tf tTTjx¿ lglxt xG' 5g\ .

gk] fnsf] ;Gbe{df xg] {] xf] eg] k/Dk/fut sfnbl] v u7' L, wd{ esf/L, dª\sf vnM, s'nfog,
bj] fnL, kd,{ eh] f, l9s'/L cflbn] ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf ¿kdf sfd uy]{ . g]kfndf lj=;=+ @)!) ;fndf
;xsf/L ljefusf] :yfkgf eP;Fu} cfk} rfl/s ¿kdf ;xsf/Lsf] ljsf; ePsf] kfOG5 . @)!#
;fndf lrtjgsf] avfgk/' df :yfkgf ePsf] avfg C0f ;:+ yfnfO{ gk] fnsf] klxnf] ;xsf/L
;:+ yf dflgG5 . To;kl5 ;xsf/LnfO{ ;+:yfut ug{ @)!^ ;fndf ;xsf/L ;+:yf P]g, @)!^ hf/L
eof] . @)!* ;fndf ;xsf/L lgod tyf @)@) ;fndf ;xsf/L a}ªs\ sf] :yfkgf eof] . lj=;=+
@)$* ;fndf ;xsf/L Pg] hf/L eP;uF } ;xsf/L :yfkgf ug]{ nx/ g} rn]sf] 5 .

;xsf/L ;:yf lglZrt pb\bZ] o tyf nIoåf/f lgbl]{ zt ePsf xG' 5g\ . To;}n] o:tf ;+:yfsf]
;b:otf :j]lR5s xG' 5 . o:tf ;:+ yfdf s'g} ks| f/sf] sl[ qd aGb]h gnufO{ ;j] f pkefu] ug{
;lsG5 . ;xsf/L ;+:yf k|hftflGqs ;ªu\ 7g xf] / of] ;b:ox¿n] :jLsf/ u/s] f] ljlwåf/f
lgjf{lrt jf lgoS' t JolStaf6 ;~rflnt xG' 5 . cflys{ sf/fa] f/af6 k|fKt xg' ] k|ltkmndf
;b:ox¿sf] ;dfg xs x'G5 .

;fdflhs cWoog, sIff !) 205

CurrriculumalxgL, xfd|f] h:tf] dn' 'ssf nflu ;xsf/Lsf] cToGt 7n' f] dxTTj 5 . o:tf ;+:yfx¿sf] pbb\ Z] o
Development Centrehg cfsfªI\ ffsf] k"lt{ ug'{ xf] . ctM hg ;xeflutflagf ;xsf/L ljsf;sf] ;DefjgfnfO{ sNkgf
g} ug{ ;lsFbg} . ljsl;t /fi6x« ¿n] ;xsf/Laf6 dxTTjk"0f{ pknlAw xfl;n u/]sf 5g\ . To;n} ]
ljut jifs{ f] cg'ej / c¿ d'n'sx¿n] u/s] f] pGgltaf6 kf7 l;s]/ xfdLn] nfe lng ;Sgk' 5{ .
g]kfnsf] cy{ Joj:yfnfO{ ;'b[9 agfpgsf nflu ;xsf/Lsf] e"ldsf dxTTjk"0f{ 5 . ;xsf/Ln]
ls;fgx¿nfO{ ldtJooL x'g l;sfpF5 . o;n] uf| dL0f ;dfhdf pTkfbgdv" L efjgfsf] ljsf;
u/fp5F . o;n] :yfgLo afl;Gbfsf] hLjg :t/ psf;L ul/aL lgjf/0fdf ;3fpF5 . ax' pbb\ z] Lo
;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] :yfkgfn] s[lifIf]qdf ;n+ Ug s[ifsnfO{ C0f ;'ljwf, ahf/ ;l' jwf cflb pknAw
u/fO{ u|fdL0f hLjg :t/df ;'wf/ Nofpg el" dsf vN] 5 .

3/]n' tyf ;fgf pbo\ fu] sf] ljsf;lagf uf| dL0f hLjg :t/df ;'wf/ x'g ;Sbg} . To;}n} ;fgf tyf
3/]n' pbo\ f]u :yfkgfsf nflu cfjZos khF' Lsf] hfx] f] ;xsf/Laf6 ;Dej xG' 5 . of]hgf ab\w
cfly{s ljsf;df klg o:tf ;:+ yfx¿n] dxTTjk0" f{ ofu] bfg k'¥ofPsf 5g\ . o;af6 :yfgLo :t/df
;xsfo,{ ;dGjo / nufgLsf nflu jftfj/0f l;hg{ f ePsf] 5 . gofF gofF ;Defjgf / cfjZostf
klxrfgdf o:tf ;+:yfx¿n] dbt u/]sf 5g\ . o;/L ;xsf/Lsf dfWodaf6 cyt{ Gqdf ;'wf/ u/L
a/] fh] uf/L tyf ul/aL lgjf/0f ug{ ;lsG5 .

;xsf/Ldf klg s]xL ;d:ofx¿ 5g\ . cfkmGt tyf lrg] hfg]sfnfO{ a9L C0f kj| fx ug]{
tyf Pp6} kl/jf/sf ;b:ox¿nfO{ ;~rfnsdf lgol' St ul/g] h:tf u}/ sfg'gL sfo{x¿ x'g]
u/s] f] ;'Ggdf cfPsf 5g\ . ;~rfnsn] lgIfk] /sd cfkm"v';L ko| f]u ug{] / lgIf]k /sd
ak] j| fx 3/hUufdf nufgL ug]{ h:tf ;d:of klg 5g\ . o;}u/L ;j{;fwf/0faf6 ;ªs\ ng ePsf]
/sd 7'nf Joj;fonfO{ lbg] / cflys{ sf/fa] f/sf] nv] f k/LIf0f gug]{ h:tf ;d:of bl] vPsf
5g\ . Pp6} JolSt w/] } ;xsf/L ;+:yfdf ;n+ Ug x'gfn] klg ;xsf/L ;+:yf abgfd x'g] u/]sf 5g\ .
o;sf] ;dfwfgsf nflu ;xsf/L Pg] sf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjog x'Fbf ;xsf/Laf6 k|z:t kmfObf
kU' g ;S5 . o;u} /L sfo{Ifq] eGbf aflx/ uP/ ul/g] nufgLnfO{ lg?T;flxt u/L jf:tljs lgIf]k
stf{nfO{ ;l' jwf k|bfg ugk' b5{ . ;fy} sfoI{ f]qeGbf aflx/sf dflg;nfO{ ;]o/ lajm| L ug{ aGbh]
nufO{ ke| fjsf/L lgodgsf] Joj:yf x'g'k5{ .

alxgL, ltdLn] /fv]sf lh1f;fx¿ cjZo klg k/' f eP xf]nfg\ eGg] ljZjf; lnPsf] 5' . olb c¿
sx] L hfgsf/L rflxPdf cfufdL kqx¿df rrf{ u/fnF} f .

ltdf| ] dfof ug{] bfh'

df};d

206 ;fdflhs cWoog, sIff !)

ljm| ofsnfk
!= tkfOFs{ f] :yfgLo :t/df :yfkgf ePsf ;xsf/L ;+:yfx¿n] ;~rfng u/]sf ultljlwx¿

sIffdf 5nkmn u/L k:| tt' ugx{' f];\ .
@= ;xsf/L :yfkgf ug{ s] s:tf kl| j|mofx¿ k'/f ug{k' 5{ < ;fyLx¿;uF 5nkmn u/L lgisif{

n]Vg'xf];\ .
#= ;xsf/L ;:+ yfn] :yfgLo pTkfbg k|jwg{ ug{ vn] s] f e"ldsf sIffdf rrf{ ug{x' f];\ .
$= ;xsf/Laf6 x'g] kmfObf ;dfjz] u/L ;drf/sf] Ps gd'gf tof/ kfg{x' f;] \ .

cEof;
-s_ ;xsf/L eg]sf] s] xf] < o;sf l;b\wfGtx¿ pNn]v ug'{xf;] \ .
-v_ ;xsf/L ;+:yf :yfkgfsf nflu cfjZos ;t{x¿ aFb' fdf pNn]v ugx{' f;] \ .
-u_ g]kfnsf] ;Gbed{ f ;xsf/L ;:+ yfx¿sf] el" dsf aF'bfut ¿kdf pNn]v ugx{' f;] \ .
-3_ ;xsf/Lsf ultljlwnfO{ cem k|efjsf/L agfpg /fHon] v]Ng'kg]{ e"ldsf nV] g'xf;] \ .
-ª_ gk] fndf ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] ljsf; jm| d ;ª\If]kdf pNnv] ug'{xf];\ .
-r_ g]kfndf ;xsf/Lkl| tsf] bl[ i6sf]0f ;sf/fTds agfpg s] s:tf s'/fx¿df ;w' f/ ug'{k5{ <

nV] gx' f];\ .
Currriculum
Development Centre

;fdflhs cWoog, sIff !) 207

kf7 M 5 ljTtLo lzIff

;fdfGtof ljTt eGgfn] wgdfn jf hfohy] f eGg] a'lemG5 . cfly{s sf/fa] f/;uF ;DalGwtCurrriculum
ultljlw g} ljTt xf] . o;cGtut{ ljz]if u//] d'bf| sf] sf/f]af/ k5{ . g]kfndf clwsfz+ dflg;x¿Development Centre
u|fdL0f Ifq] df a;f]af; u5g{ \ . pgLx¿sf] cflys{ sf/f]af/ ug]{ ;ª3\ ;+:yf;Dd oy]i6 kx'Fr kU' g
;ss] f] 5}g . kT| os] JolSt;uF ePsf] cflys{ jf ljTtLo ;|f]t ;fwgsf] k|efjsf/L / ldtJooL
pkofu] xg' 'k5{ . o;/L ljTtsf] dxTTj a'emL ToxL cg;' f/sf] plrt Joj:yfkg ug]{ 1fgnfO{
ljTtLo lzIff elgG5 . ljTtLo lzIffn] k};fsf] dxTTj ae' mg\ , To;sf] ;xL ;bk' of]uaf6 cfly{s
/ ;fdflhs ;/' Iff kb| fg ug{ tyf 3/fo;L cfoJoonfO{ Jojl:yt kl/rfng ug{ ;xof]u
u5{ . kl/jf/sf] cfDbfgLsf] s]xL c+z art ug],{ ljbz] af6 kf| Kt ePsf] /sdnfO{ ;dl' rt /
pTkfbgdn" s pkof]u ug]{ h:tf ljifodf ljTtLo lzIffn] hfgsf/L lbG5 . ljTtLo ;fIf/tfnfO{
gk] fn ;/sf/n] ljz]if dxTTj lbFb} cfPsf] 5 .

ljTtLo k0| ffnL

xfn gk] fndf ljTtLo k|0ffnLcGtu{t sG] b|Lo aª} \s, jfl0fHo aª} s\ , ljsf; a}ª\s, ljTt sDkgL / n3'
ljTt ljsf; aª} \s k5{g\ . ;fy} o;cGtu{t a}ª\lsª sf/fa] f/ ug{] ;xsf/L ;+:yf tyf n3l' jTtsf]
sf/f]af/ ug{] u/} ;/sf/L ;ª\3;+:yfx¿ k5g{ \ . gk] fndf sfo{/t ljTtLo ;ª\3;+:yfnfO{ s, v, u
/ 3 ju{df ljeflht ul/Psf] 5 . gk] fndf lj=;+= @)&# sf] tYofª\scg';f/ …sÚ ju{sf jfl0fHo
aª} \sx¿ Pslt;, …vÚ ju{sf jfl0fHo a}ª\sx¿ ;ft, …uÚ ju{sf ljTt sDkgLx¿ pgG;f7L / …3Ú
jus{ f n3l' jTt sDkgLx¿ k}Flt; cf6] f /xs] f 5g\ . o;/L cflys{ sf/fa] f/ jf d'b|fsf] sf/fa] f/
ug]{ ;ª\3;:+ yfnfO{ ljTtLo ;+:yf elgG5 .

aª} s\ tyf ljTtLo ;:+ yfx¿n] lgIfk] sf ¿kdf art ;ªs\ ng ug],{ shf{ k|bfg ug{] h:tf sfo{
u5g{ \ . ;fy} ljki|] f0faf/] hfgsf/L lbg], ljbz] L d'b|f ;6xL ug{], ;/sf/L C0fkqx¿sf] sf/f]af/ ug,{]
;g' rfbF L shf{ lbg, a}ª\s Uof/G] 6L a:g] h:tf cGo sfo{x¿ ub5{ g\ . o;/L aª} s\ dfkm{t lgIfk]
;ªs\ ngnufot cGo sfos{ f] sf/fa] f/ ubf{ a}ªs\ df vftf vf]n]/ ;~rfng ug{ ;lsG5 .

aª} s\ vftf

aª} \s tyf ljTtLo ;:+ yfn] ljTtLo sf/fa] f/ ug{sf nflu ;j;{ fwf/0f JolSt jf ;:+ yfsf] gfddf
vftf vfl] nlbG5 . o;/L JolSt jf ;:+ yfsf] gfddf /x]sf] ljj/0f g} aª} \s vftf xf] . a}ª\s
vftf vf]nk] l5 uf| xsn] ?lkofF hDdf ubf{ ef}r/ kfp5F g\ . cfkm" n] /fv]sf] /sd lemSg rs] a's
/ sf/f]af/sf] ljj/0f x]g{ aª} s\ :66] d]G6;dt] pknAw xG' 5 . a}ª\s tyf ljTtLo ;+:yfx¿n]
lgDgcg;' f/ vftfx¿ ;~rfng u/s] f xG' 5g\ M

208 ;fdflhs cWoog, sIff !)

CurrriculumrNtL vftf
Development Centre
cfk"mn] rfxs] f] ;dodf rfxs] f] hlt /sd Ps lbgdf hltk6s klg /fVg / lemSg ;lsg] u/L
vfl] nPsf vftfnfO{ rNtL vftf elgG5 . o:tf] vftfdf /fvs] f] k;} fdf Aofh kfObF g} . pb\of]uL,
Jofkf/L jf sfof{nosf nflu o:tf] vftf pkofu] L x'G5 .

art vftf

art vftfdf /sd hltk6s klg hDdf ug{ ;lsG5 t/ lglZrt ;Ldfleq /x]/ /sd lemSg
kfOG5 . o:tf] ;Ldf ;DalGwt a}ªs\ n] tfS] 5 . o:tf] k|sf/sf] vftfdf aª} s\ n] Aofh k|bfg u5{ .
;;fgf jrt stf{sf nflu o:tf] vftf pkofu] L x'G5 .

db' b\ tL vftf

lglZrt ;dofjlw tfs] ]/ vftf vf]nL /sd hDdf ug{] vftfnfO{ db' \btL vftf elgG5 . o:tf]
vftf ltg dlxgf, 5 dlxgf, ! jif,{ @ jif{ jf o:t} lglZrt cjlw tf]s/] hDdf ul/G5 . o:tf]
vftfdf hDdf ul/Psf] /sd tf]lsPsf] ;doeGbf cl3 lgsfNg kfObF g} . o:tf] vftfdf Aofh
klg a9L kfOG5 . tf]lsPs} cjlw cl3 /sd cfjZos k/]df db' \btL vftfdf /sd hDdf u/]sf]
k|df0f kq lwtf] /fvL shf{ lng ;lsG5 .

a}ªs\ df vftf vfN] gsf nflu gful/stfsf] kd| f0f kq, kmf]6f,] cfj]bg kmf/fd, cfjZos Gog" td
/sd / b:tvt gdg' f kmf/d h:tf sfhhft cfjZos k5{ . gfafnssf] xsdf eg] ;/+ Ifssf]
xl} ;otn] cleefjssf] gful/stf, kmf]6f] / cfj]bg kmf/ddf b:tvt cfjZos k5{ . aª} s\ df
vftf vf]Nbf u|fxssf] klxrfg k0" f{ ¿kdf emlNsg] u/L kfl/jfl/s ljj/0f, afa' afhs] f] gfd
h:tf ljj/0f lbg'k5{ . jt{dfgdf ;r" gf k|ljlwdf ePsf] ljsf; / lj:tf/n] a}ª\lsª tyf ljTtLo
Ifq] df gofF k|ljlwx¿ ljsf; ePsf 5g\ . ljbo\ t' Lo dl] ;gsf] ;xfotfn] kb| fg ug{ ;Sg] ljleGg
lsl;dsf ljTtLo ;j] fnfO{ ljb\ot' Lo aª} l\ sª elgG5 . o;cGtu{t df]afOn kmf]g, OG6/g6]
a}ª\lsª, P=6L=Pd cflb k5g{ \ . o:tf k|ljlwaf6 a}ªs\ vftf vfN] g / /sd /fVg] lemSg] ;l' jwfx¿
k|fKt ug{ ;lsG5 . ljbo\ t' Lo a}ªl\ sªn] o; ;]jfnfO{ l56f], 5l/tf] / ;lhnf] agfPsf] 5 .

P=6L=Pd= ( A ut o m a t e d T e l l e r M a c ih en - A T M )

P=6L=Pd= sf8{ klg ljbo\ 'tLo sf8{ g} xf] . sg' } klg a}ªs\ jf ljTtLo ;+:yfdf vftf vfn] ]kl5 of]
;]jf ;~rfng u/s] f] a}ªs\ n] u|fxsnfO{ P=6L=Pd= sf8{ pknAw u/fpF5 . o; sf8{af6 dl] ;gsf]
;xfotfn] /sd lemSg jf df}Hbftaf/] hfgsf/L lng ;lsG5 . vftfdf ePhlt /sddfq lemSg
kfpg] xg' fn] o;nfO{ 8l] a6 sf8{ klg elgG5 . a}ª\sn] pknAw u/fpg] uf]Ko lkg gDa/sf]
;xofu] af6 cfˆgf] vftfdf ePsf] /sd lemSg ;lsG5 .

;fdflhs cWoog, sIff !) 209

Currriculumj|m]l86 sf8{ ( C r e id t c a r )d
Development Centre
cfˆgf ljZjfl;nf u|fxsnfO{ vftfdf cfjZos /sd dfH} bft gePsf] cj:yfdf klg j:t' tyf
;j] f vl/b ug{ ;sg" \ eg]/ a}ª\sn] ljbo\ t' Lo sf8{ pknAw u/fp5F , To;}nfO{ jm| ]l86 sf8{ elgG5 .
;]jfu|fxLn] cfkm;" uF /sd ePsf] a]nf aª} \snfO{ shf{ eS' tfgL u5g{ \ . o;sf] k|ofu] klg 8l] a6
sf8{sf] h:t} xf] t/ /sd vr{ ug{] lglZrt ;Ldf tfl] sPsf] x'G5 . 8l] a6 sf8{ ko| fu] stf{n] of]
;'ljwf lnPafkt lglZrt /sd lghsf] df}Hbftaf6 36\5 .

P;=Pd=P;= aª} \lsª ;j] f ( S M S B a nki ng S e r vi c e )

df]afOnaf6 ;Gbz] cfbfg k|bfg u/]/ klg ljTtLo sf/fa] f/ ug{ ;lsG5 . dfH} bft yfxf kfpg]
c¿sf] vftfdf /sdfGt/ ug,]{ tf]lsPsf] lanx¿sf] eS' tfgL ug]{ h:tf sfo{ P;=Pd=P;=
;]jfdfkmt{ k|fKt ug{ ;lsG5 .

art / o;af6 xg' ] kmfObf

kfl/>lds jf cGo ;|f]taf6 k|fKt cfDbfgLsf] s]xL cz+ vr{ gu/L eljiosf] pkofu] sf nflu
5'6\ofP/ /flvG5 . aª} \s tyf ljTtLo ;:+ yfdf vftf vfn] ]/ hDdf ul/Psf] o:tf] /sdnfO{ art
elgG5 . art JolStut cfly{s Jojxf/sf nflu ul/G5 . xfdLn] ;fdfGotf k'FhL lgdf{0f,
;DklTt vl/b, nufgL, b}lgs Jofjxfl/s vr,{ k/' fgf] shf{ eS' tfgLsf nflu art u5f}{F .
o;sf cltl/St ;fdflhs Jojxf/x¿, h:t} M ljjfx, j|taGw, d[To' ;:+ sf/, lzIff, :jf:Yo
cflbsf nflu klg art ul/G5 .
-s_ cf}krfl/s ljTtLo ;:+ yfdf art M sG] b|Lo a}ª\saf6 ljTtLo sf/f]af/ ug{ Ohfht kf| Kt

aª} \s tyf ljTtLo ;:+ yfx¿df vftf vfn] /]
-v_ cw{ cf}krfl/s ljTtLo ;:+ yfdf art M ;xsf/L, cfdf ;d"x, jg ;d"x, pkefS] tf ;d"xdf

art u/]/
-u_ cgfk} rfl/s lgsfodf art M ;fx' dxfhg, ;fyLefO, 3/, u/uxgf cflbdf nufgL u//] .
-3_ vq' s' ] art M ;fgf] sf7, kmnfd jf df6fsf] efF8fdf ;;fgf] /sd hDdf u/]/

o;/L /sd art ubf{ ;s];Dd cf}krfl/s ljTtLo ;+:yfdf art u/s] f] v08df a9L
;/' lIft xG' 5 .

art ubf{ xg' ] kmfObfx¿
-s_ kF'hL lgdf{0f x'g]
-v_ nufgL l;hg{ f xg' ]
-u_ pb\odzLntfsf] ljsf; x'g]
-3_ cfh{g u/]sf] /sd ;'/lIft x'g]
-ª_ Aofh k|fKt ug{ ;lsg] .

210 ;fdflhs cWoog, sIff !)

o;/L ljTtLo k|0ffnLdfkmt{ ljleGg cfly{s sf/fa] f/ ;~rfng ubf{ cfo cfh{gsf ;fy} b]zsf]
cfly{s ljsf;df klg 6]jf k'U5 . xfdLn] klg ;s];Dd sd vr{ u//] a9L art ug{] afgL
a;fNgk' 5{ .

ljm| ofsnfk
!= sg' } klg aª} s\ jf ljTtLo ;+:yfdf vftf vfN] g k/' f ug'{kg]{ k|ljm| of 5nkmn u/L sIffdf

k:| tt' ugx{' f];\ .
@= xfdf| ] bz] df gf6] nfO{ ;kmf /fVgk' 5{ eGg] r]tgf sd 5 . gf]6 ;kmf /fVgk' 5{ eGg]

cjwf/0ff ljsf;sf nflu :yfgLo :t/df ;~rfng ul/g] rt] gfdn" s sfoj{ m| dsf] 9frF f
tof/ kfg{'xf];\ / sIffdf e"ldsf clego u/L kb| z{g ug{x' f];\ .
#= tkfOs{F f] jl/kl/ jf :yfgLo :t/df ;~rflnt a}ª\sdf P=6L=Pd= sf8{ lng cfjZos
k|lj|mofsf af/d] f hfgsf/L lnO{ ;d'bfosf c¿ JolStnfO{ klg Pl6Pd\ sf8{ lng k]|l/t
ug'x{ f;] \ .
$= ljTtLo ;fIf/tfsf] pkof]lutf pNn]v u/L ;j+ fbsf] gdg' f tof/ kfg{'xf;] \ .

cEof;
-s_ a}ª\s vftfsf ks| f/x¿ pNn]v u/L aª} \sdf vftf vf]Nbf xg' ] kmfObfx¿ nV] g'xf;] \ .
-v_ artaf6 x'g] kmfObfx¿ ;ª\If]kdf rrf{ ugx{' f;] \ .
-u_ sg' k|sf/sf] a}ªs\ vftf vf]Nbf pko'St x'G5 < rrf{ ug'{xf];\ .
-3_ P=6L=Pd=sf /fdf| / g/fdf| kIfx¿ s] s] xg' ;S5g\ < pNnv] ugx{' f;] \ .

kl/ofh] gf sfo{

tkfO{sF f] cleefjsn] s'g aª} \s jf ;/sf/L ;:+ yfdf s] s:tf vftf vf]Nge' Psf] 5 < ;fw] vf]h
u/L vftf vfN] bf ckgfpg' k/s] f k|ljm| ofsf] ljj/0f;dt] pNnv] ub}{ Ps k|ltj]bg tof/ kf/L
sIffdf k|:t't ug'{xf];\ .
Currriculum
Development Centre

;fdflhs cWoog, sIff !) 211

kf7 M ;ft ljTtLo pks/0fx¿

ljTtLo k0| ffnLdf cflys{ sf/f]af/df sx] L ljTtLo pks/0fx¿ k|ofu] ul/G5, h;nfO{ lgDgfg';f/Currriculum
k:| tt' ug{ ;lsG5 MDevelopment Centre

!= ;kmf gf]6

ng] b]g jf cGo s'g} klg sf/fa] f/sf nflu gf]6 cfjZos k5{ . cyf{t\ gf]6nfO{ xfdL kqdb' f| klg eG5f}F .
db' |fx¿ sfuhL / wft' u/L b'O{ ks| f/sf xG' 5g\ . ljZjdf k|foM sfuhL gf]6x¿ k|rngdf 5g\ .
gf6] lgisfzg tyf Joj:yfkg ug{] sfo{ k|To]s b]zdf sG] bL| o a}ªs\ n] ub5{ g\ . xfdf| ] b]zdf gk] fn
/fi6« aª} s\ n] sG] b|Lo aª} \ssf] lhDdj] f/L jxg u/]sf] xf] .

g]kfn /fi6« aª} s\ n] an] f an] fdf gofF gf6] hf/L u5{ . ;kmf gf6] rng rNtLdf Nofpg o;n]
;kmf gf]6 gLlt klg NofPsf] 5 . To;n} ] gf]6df hyfefjL n]Vg], l:6r nufpg,] RofTg], k6\ofpg]
ug'{ xb'F }g . o;n] gf6] sf] cfo' 36fp5F . gf]6x¿df gk] fnL /fli6«otf, ks| l[ t, ;:+ sl[ t / ;Eotf
emNsfpg] ljifo, hgfj/ / ;+/rgf cª\lst ul/Psf x'G5g\ . To;}n] gf6] sf] htg / ;/+ If0f ug'{
xfdL ;a} gful/ssf] st{Jo xf] .

@= a}ªs\ shf÷{ C0f

sg' } klg pb\od÷Joj;fo ;~rfngsf nflu ljTtLo ;f| t] cfjZos k5{ . kz'kIfL kfng ug,{
Joj;fo ;~rfng ug,{ cfkt\ k/]sf] a]nf vr{ ug,{ ;fdflhs sfo{ ug{ / lzIffbLIff kb| fg ug{
xfdLn] shf{ jf C0f lngk' 5{ . a}ªl\ sª k0| ffnLdfkm{t cfjZos C0f lnP/ cfˆgf] uhf{] 6fg{
;lsG5 . o;y{ lglZrt cjlwkl5 Aofh;lxt jf ;fjF fdfq lkmtf{ ug]{ ;t{df JolSt jf s'g}
cfly{s sf/f]af/ ug]{ ;+:yf;uF lnOPsf] /sd g} C0f jf shf{ xf] . o:tf shf{x¿ ljleGg k|sf/sf
xG' 5g\ . o:tf ks| f/df rfn' khF' L shf,{ vl/b shf{, pkef]u shf,{ nufgL shf{nufot k5{g\ .

a}ª\s jf ljTtLo ;+:yfaf6 lnOPsf] C0f ltg{ g;s]df Aofhafxs] klg xh{gf ltg{'k5{ . o:tf]
cj:yfdf lwtf] lnnfdL / sfgg' L sf/afxL klg xg' ;S5 . ;dodf C0fsf] ;fjF f Aofh ltg{ g;s]df
ljTtLo ;+:yfsf] sfnf];r" Ldf kg{ ;lsG5 . o;n] ubf{ ;fdflhs k|lti7fdf cfFr cfp5F . To;n} ]
;xL sfdsf nflu C0fsf] pkef]u ug{] tyf ;dodf g} shfs{ f] ls:tf ae' mfpg] ;fr] /fv/] C0f
lng' a9L a'b\lwdfgL x'G5 .

#= ljk]i| f0f

Ps 7fpaF f6 csf{] 7fpFdf k};f k7fpg] sfon{ fO{ ljk]i| f0f elgG5 . aª} \s, ljTtLo ;:+ yf jf
cg'dlt kf| Kt dlg 6«fG;km/ PhG] ;Lx¿af6 /sd :yfgfGt/0f ug{ ;lsG5 . gk] fnsf] sn' ufx{:y
pTkfbgsf] @#% of]ubfg ljk]i| f0fsf] 5 . b]z ljb]zdf cfh{g u/s] f] /sd lghL Jofkf/L, kl| tlglw

212 ;fdflhs cWoog, sIff !)

Currriculumjf btf{ gePsf ;:+ yfdfkm{t k7fpg] sfo{nfO{ xG' 8L elgG5 . o:tf] sfo{nfO{ u/} sfg'gL dflgG5 .
Development CentreTo;n} ] cfk} rfl/s lgsfoaf6 /sd k7fpg] ugk{' b{5 . ljbz] af6 k|fKt u/]sf] /sdsf] 7'nf] lx:;f
cg'Tkfbs j:t' / pkef]udf vr{ eO/x]sf] 5 . To;nfO{ lgoGq0f u/L pTkfbgdn" s If]qdf nufgL
ug'{k5{ .

$= ljb]zL ljlgdo

gk] fnafx]s cGo bz] sf d'b|fx¿ gk] fnsf nflu ljbz] L db' |f x'g\ . s'g} klg bz] df ljb]zL db' f| sf]
;l~rtL hlt a9L eof] Tolt kmfObf x'G5 . c¿ bz] af6 j:t' tyf ;j] f cfoft ubf{ ljb]zL d'b|f
eS' tfgL ug{'k5{ . g]kfndf ljb]zL d'b|f ljleGg ;|f]taf6 k|fKt x'G5 . gk] fnL sfdbf/n] ljbz] df
k};f sdfP/ k7fPdf jf ljb]zL ;ª3\ ;+:yfn] gk] fndf ;xofu] u/d] f ljbz] L d'b|f k|fKt x'G5 .
ljbz] L ko{6s gk] fn cfpbF f klg ljb]zL d'b|f cfh{g xG' 5 . gk] fnL d'b|f c¿ b]zsf] d'bf| ;uF ;6xL
ug]{ b/nfO{ ljlgod b/ elgG5 . cGo b]zaf6 a9L j:t' tyf ;j] fsf] cfoft ug'{ k/]sfn] ljb]zL
d'b|fsf] dfu a9]sf] 5 . o; k|jl[ Ttn] g]kfnL d'b|f sdhf/] agfpF5 .

%= lwtf]kq

;/sf/ jf sg' } sDkgLn] cfk"mnfO{ rflxg] /sd ;ª\sng ug{ hf/L ul/Psf] ljTtLo cfh} f/nfO{
lwtf]kq elgG5 . o;cGtut{ ;/sf/L C0fkqx¿, l8aG] r/ af]G8, ;]o/ cflb k5{g\ . s'g} klg
Joj;fo j:t' tyf ;j] fsf] ljsf; / lj:tf/ ug{ cfjZos k'FhL ljleGg cz+ df ljeflht
u/L ;ª\sng ug{ lwtf]kq lgisfzg ul/G5 . lwtfk] qsf dfWodaf6 nufgL stf;{ Fu 5l/P/
/xs] f] art pbo\ fu] wGbfdf kl/rflnt x'g uO{ bz] sf] ljsf;df ;xofu] kU' 5 . ;fdfGotof
kl| tlsTtf ;]o/sf] cª\lst dN" o ?= !)) sfod ul/G5 . sDkgLsf] nfexfgLdf ;]o/ wgLsf] ;]o/
lsTtfadf]lhd lx:;f /x]sf] x'G5 .

;fwf/0ftof ;o] /x¿ bO' { ks| f/sf x'G5g\ M cu|flwsf/ / ;fwf/0f ;o] / .

cu|flwsf/ ;o] /

c¿ k|sf/sf ;]o/eGbf klxn] g} nfef+z kfpg] u/L lgisfzg ul/Psf ;o] /nfO{ cu|flwsf/ ;]o/
elgG5 . o:tf] ;]o/df nfefz+ sf] kl| tzt lglZrt x'G5 . o;cGtu{t cl+ zof/x¿n] sDkgLsf]
a7} sdf efu lng] / dt lbg] clwsf/ xbF' }g . kF'hLdf hf]lvd p7fpg grfxg] JolStx¿n] o:tf]
;o] /df nufgL u5g{ \ .

;fwf/0f ;o] /

cuf| lwsf/ ;]o/nfO{ nfef+z ljt/0f u/]kl5 afFsL dg' fkmfaf6 nfefz+ kfpg] u/L lgisfzg
ul/Psf] ;o] /nfO{ ;fwf/0f ;o] / elgG5 . a9L hf]lvd p7fpg tof/ x'g] nufgL stf{sf nflu
of] ;]o/ pko'St xG' 5 .

;fdflhs cWoog, sIff !) 213

Currriculum;o] /sf] kmf/d egs{ f nflu lgDg lnlvt s'/fx¿sf] cfjZostf k5{ M
Development Centre-s_ gful/stfsf] k|dfl0ft k|ltlnlk
-v_ cfjb] ssf] 7u] fgf / afaa' fh]sf] gfd, ;Dks{ gDa/
-u_ /sd lkmtf{ kfpg cws{ 6\6L / aª} \s vftf
-3_ xfn;fn} lvr]sf] kmf6] f] cflb .

lj|mofsnfk
!= tkfOF{sf] kl/jf/sf ;b:o jf gft]bf/ jb} l] zs /f]huf/df uPsf] x'g'k5{ . pxfnF ] k7fPsf]

ljk]|if0f sg' sg' zLif{sdf vr{ eO/x]sf] 5 < ;f]wk'5 u/L sIffdf k:| t't ugx{' f];\ .
@= ;]o/ lg:sfzg egs] f] s] xf] < ;]o/ sf/f]af/af6 s;/L cfDbfgL ug{ ;lsG5 < ;fyLx¿;uF

5nkmn u/L n]Vgx' f];\ .
#= b}lgs ks| flzt jf kz| fl/t ;~rf/sf dfWodaf6 ;r" gf ;ª\sng u/L cfhsf] ljleGg

/fi6s« f j}b]lzs d'b|f vl/b b/ tyf laj|mLb/nfO{ sIffsf] ;r" gf kf6Ldf 6fF;L
;g' fpgx' f];\ .
cEof;
-s_ gf]6 ;kmf gx'bF f x'g] c;/x¿ pNnv] ug'{xf];\ .
-v_ wftfk] q / shf{df leGgtf bv] fpgx' f];\ .
-u_ ;]o/af6 xg' ] s'g} kfFr cf]6f kmfObf pNn]v ug{'xf];\ .
-3_ ljki|] f0fsf dV' o ;|f]tx¿ s] s] x'g\ <
-ª_ x'G8L egs] f] s] xf] < lsg xG' 8LnfO{ u/} sfgg' L dflgG5 <
-r_ ljb]zL ljlgodsf af/]df 5f]6f] cgR' 5b] n]Vg'xf;] \ .
kl/of]hgf sfo{
aª} \sn] shf{ lbg] kl| j|mofaf/] hfGg tkfOsF{ f] kfos kg]{ aª} s\ jf aª} \lsª sf/fa] f/ ;DaGwdf
hfgsf/ JolStsxfF hfgx' f;] \ / shf{ ;DaGwL cfjZos ;r" gf ;ª\sng u/L sIffdf k|:t't
ugx{' f];\ .

214 ;fdflhs cWoog, sIff !)

kf7 M cf7 ladf

ljkt,\ b3' {6gf, csfn dT[ o' h:tf ;ª\s6n] dflg; tyf kz' kLl8t xG' 5g\ . slxn]sfxLF v]taf/LdfCurrriculum
nufPsf] afnL v8/] L, af9L, klx/f,] cgfj[li6 / cltj[li6n] gi6 u5{ . dflg;nfO{ o:tf ljleGgDevelopment Centre
k|sf/sf ;ª\s6af6 gfS] ;fg kg{ ;S5g\ . o;/L ljleGg k|sf/n] x'g] xflg gfS] ;fgL jf hf]lvdsf]
jxgnfO{ kT| ofet" ug{] dfWod g} ladf xf] . ladf /sd tfl] sPsf] ;do / ls:tf aGbLdf
a'emfpgk' 5{ . o;/L ladf ugf{n] laldt cjlwe/ ePsf] Ifltsf] e'StfgL x'G5 . o;n] ubf{ hfl] vd
Gog" Ls/0f xg' hfG5 / Joj;fo jf hLjgdf x'g ;Sg] xflg gf]S;fgLaf6 aRg ;lsG5 .

hf]lvd x:tfGt/0f / Joj:yfkg ug{] Pp6f pkfo ladf xf] . ladf hf]lvd;uF ;DalGwt x'G5 .
ladf ubf{ ladf sDkgL / OR5's JolSt lardf ;Demft} f ul/G5 . o;/L hfl] vd x:tfGt/0f ubf{
ladf sDkgLn] ladf z'Ns -P r e m i mu _ lnG5 . lads / laldtlardf xg' ] s/f/nfO{ ladfnv]
elgG5 . ladf k|:tfjdf k:| tfjssf] gfd, 7]ufgf, hf]lvdsf] ljj/0f, ladf zN' s, ladf ul/Psf
j:t÷' bfloTj÷JolSt, cjlw, ;t{ cflb ;dfj]z ul/Psf] xG' 5 .

gk] fndf lj=;=+ @))$ c;f]h * ut] klxnf] ladf sDkgLsf ¿kdf g]kfn dfn rnfgL tyf ljTt
sDkgL ln= :yflkt ePsf] lyof] . ;/sf/L :t/af6 eg] /fli6o« ladf ;+:yfg Pg] , @)@% cg;' f/
@)@% ;fn k;' ! ut] /fli6o« ladf ;:+ yfg :yfkgf eof] . ladf ;:+ yfgn] hLjg tyf lghLj{ g
bj' } k|sf/sf ladfx¿ u5{ . xfn gk] fndf @% cf]6f ladf sDkgLx¿ sfo{/t 5g\ . tLdWo] !^
cf]6f lghLj{ g ladf / gf} cf6] fn] hLjg ladf ;DaGwL sfd u5{g\ . ladf ;DaGwL ultljlwnfO{
/v] b]v lgoGq0f ug{ ladf Pg] , @)$( cg;' f/ ladf ;ldltsf] u7g ePsf] 5 .

;/sf/L :t/df :yfkgf ePsf] /fli6«o ladf ;:+ yfgn] ladf Joj;fosf] ljsf;, lj:tf/ / k|jw{gdf
dxTTjk0" f{ el" dsf v]ns] f] 5 . o; ;:+ yfn] lghL{jg ladftkm{ klRr; kl| tzt / hLjg ladftk{m
krf; kl| tzt lx:;f cf]u6]sf] 5 . bz] sf ljleGg efudf zfvf sfof{no / ;Dks{ sfof{nodfkmt{
o;n] ;'ljwf pknAw u/fpFb} cfPsf] 5 .

-s_ hLjg ladf

xfdf| ] hLjg clglZrt 5, ljleGg b'3{6gfx¿ xg' ;S5g\ / d[To' klg x'g ;S5 . kl/jf/df cfo
cfhg{ ug]{ JolStsf] cfsl:ds d[To' ePdf cflys{ ;ªs\ 6 pTkGg x'G5 . To;}n] x/]s JolStn]
hf]lvd lj?bw\ cfly{s ;'/Iff kb| fg ug{ ladf ug'{k5{ . o:tf] k|sf/sf] ladfnfO{ hLjg ladf
elgG5 . ladf Pg] , @)$( n] hLjg ladfnfO{ o;/L kl/eflift u/s] f] 5 M …hLjg ladf Joj;fo
eGgfn] sg' } vf; /sd lt/]df lghn] jf lghsf] xsbf/n] s'g} vf; /sd kfpg] u/L ul/g]
s/f/gfdf ;DaGwL Joj;fo ;lDemgk' 5{ .Ú

;fdflhs cWoog, sIff !) 215

CurrriculumhLjg ladf Pp6f s/f/gfdf xf] h;cGtu{t ladsn] cfˆgf] pd/] sf cfwf/df s'g} vf; cjlwdf
Development Centreae' mfPsf] /sd pSt cjlw e'Stfg ePkl5 cfkmF}n] lkmtf{ kfp5F . cfhLjg ladfdf eg] ladf /sd
dT[ ok' l5 OR5fOPsf] JolStn] kfp5F . hLjg ladf ug]{ JolSt !^ jif{ k'/f eO{ ^% jif{ ggf3]sf]
x'g'k5{ . hLjg ladf klg ;fjlws bf]xf]/f] b'36{ gf nfe;lxtsf] ;fjlws, cfhLjg clu|d eS' tfgL,
afnaRrfsf] lzIff tyf ljjfx, ;+oS' t, DofbL hLjg ladf cflb nufotsf 5g\ .

-v_ lghL{jg ladf

3/, k;n, sn sf/vfgf, s[lif If]qdf lgwfl{ /t cjlwdf b}ljs jf cGo sf/0fn] xfgL gf]S;fgL
x'g ;S5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf ladf nv] df tfl] sPsf] xb;Dd cflys{ gfS] ;fgLsf] Ifltk"lt{ u/L
laldtnfO{ efl} ts Iflt lj?bw\ ;/' Iff kb| fg ul/G5 . 3/ k;ndf cfuf] nfUg ;S5, e"sDkn]
3/ ejgdf Iflt k¥' ofpg ;S5 . klx/f,] e"Ifo, cfFwLax] /L, cl;gf, lxpF, af9L, v8]/L cflbaf6
ls;fgn] nufPsf] afnL gi6 xg' ;S5 . ;8sdf u8' b\ } u/]sf] uf8L b3' 6{ gf xg' ;S5 . o:tf]
cj:yfdf Ifltu:| t ePsf ;DklTtx¿sf] dN" ofª\sg u/L laldtnfO{ cflys{ ;'/Iff k|bfg ug'{
lghLj{ g ladfsf] pbb\ Z] o xf] . o:tf] ladf ;fdfGot Ps jif{sf nflu ul/G5 . of] cjlw k'/f
ePkl5 k'gM gjLs/0f ugk'{ 5{ . gk] fn h:tf] sl[ if k|wfg b]zdf afnL ladfsf] cem dxTTj 5 .
/fli6o« s[lif gLlt @)^! cg;' f/ s[lif dGqfnosf] ;dGjodf afnL tyf k|zf]wg ladf, @)^(
hf/L ePsf] 5 . pSt Joj:yfcg;' f/ laldt /sdsf] ls:tfdWo] &%% ;/sf/ / @%% ls;fgn]
a]xf]gk{' 5{ . laldt afnLsf] Ifltkl" t{ eP ()% Ifltk'lt{ kfpg] Joj:yf 5 . o;}u/L cfkm" n] kfn]sf]
kz' d/]df klg ;'/If0f afktsf] /sd Ifltk"lt{sf ¿kdf kfOG5 .

ladf ubf{ Wofg lbgk' g{] s/' f
-s_ ladf ugs'{ f] pbb\ Z] oaf/] :k:6 x'g'k5{ .
-v_ ladfnv] df OR5fPsf] JolStaf/] :k:6 pNn]v ug{'k5{ .
-u_ unt ljj/0f, hfgsf/L jf ;r" gf lbg' x'Fbg} .
-3_ tfl] sPsf] /sd a/fa/sf] ladf z'Ns, ladf cjlwel/df ltg{ ;lsG5 jf ;lsbF g} , Wofg

k'¥ofpg'k5{ .
-ª_ ladf k|:tfj Wofgkj" s{ k9g\ 'k5{ . olb cfk"mn] rfxc] g';f/sf] 5}g eg] ;DalGwt lads;uF

;Dks{ ug{k' 5{ .
-r_ ladf clestf{ ladf ;ldltaf6 Ohfht kf| Kt xf] jf xf]Og yfxf kfpg'k5{ .
-5_ ladf zN' s eS' tfgL u/k] l5 clgjfo{ ¿kdf gub ae' m]sf] e/kfO lngk' 5{ .
-h_ ladf u/s] f] s'/f 3/ kl/jf/nfO{ hfgsf/L u/fpg'k5{ .
-em_ ladfn]v gjLs/0fsf] ldlt Vofn u/]/ oyf ;do ladf z'Ns eS' tfgL ugk{' 5{ .
-`_ ladf ;DaGwL ;Dk"0f{ sfuhft ;/' lIft ;fy /fVg'k5{ .

216 ;fdflhs cWoog, sIff !)

ladfaf6 x'g] kmfObfx¿
-s_ clgjfo{ art
-v_ hf]lvdsf] Ifltkl" t{
-u_ ;'/lIft eljio
-3_ nfefz+ k|fKt xg' ]
-ª_ Psdi' 6 /sd pknAw eO{ nufgLsf] cj;/ kf| Kt xg' ]
-r_ cK7o\ f/f] k/s] f a]nf C0f lng ;lsg] .

ljm| ofsnfk
!= tkfO{F hLjg ladf ug{ pd]/ut xbn] of]Uo x'gx' 'G5 ls xg' 'xG' g < sIffdf 5nkmn u//]

k:| t't ug{'xf;] \ .
@= tkfOsF{ f] 6fn] ;d'bfosf s'g} JolStn] ladf ;DaGwL hfgsf/L dfud] f s] hfgsf/L lbgx' 'G5 <

;dx" df 5nkmn u/L hfgsf/L lbg'kg]{ ljifo j:t' klxrfg ug{'xf];\ .
#= tkfOs{F f] kl/jf/sf ;b:on] hLjg ladf ug'e{ Psf] xf]nf . pSt ladfsf nflu ls:tf slt

ltgk{' 5{ < ladf slt /sd / cjlwsf] xf] < s] s:tf ;'ljwfx¿ ladf sDkgLn] lbg] ;t{
pNnv] 5 < ;Dk0" f{ tYox¿ vf]hL sIffdf k:| tt' ug'x{ f];\ .
$= lghLj{ g ladf lsg cfjZos 5 < g]kfn h:tf] sl[ if kw| fg bz] df o;sf] dxTTjaf/] sIffdf
;d"x agfO{ 5nkmn ugx'{ f;] \ .

cEof;
-s_ ladf egs] f] s] xf] <
-v_ hLjg ladf / lghL{jg ladfdf s] leGgtf 5 <
-u_ lghL{jg ladf eg]sf] s] xf] <
-ª_ ladf ubf{ Wofg lbgk' g{] s'/fx¿ a'bF fut ¿kdf rrf{ ugx{' f;] \ .

;fdb' flos sfo{

glhssf] sl[ if sfofn{ odf hfgx' f;] \ / AffnL ladf ;DaGwL cfjZos ;"rgf ;ªs\ ng u/L :yfgLo
si[ fs;uF 5nkmn u/]/ k|ltjb] g tof/ kfg'{xf];\ .
Currriculum
Development Centre

;fdflhs cWoog, sIff !) 217

kf7 M gf} /fh:j / s/ c;n' L

/fHon] ljleGg ;|f]taf6 cfDbfgL k|fKt u5{ . o;/L kf| Kt xg' ] cfDbfgLnfO{ ;fj{hlgs cfo jfCurrriculum
/fh:j elgG5 . o;/L ;/sf/n] /fh:j / u/} s/ /fh:jdfkm{t cfDbfgL k|fKt ub{5 . sfgg' adfl] hdDevelopment Centre
;/sf/n] hgtfaf6 k|fKt ug{] tyf sfgg' adfl] hd hgtfn] /fHonfO{ clgjfo{ ¿kdf ltgk'{ g{]
/sdnfO{ g} s/ elgG5 . s/ clgjfo{ eS' tfgL xf] . s/ ltg]{ JolSt jf ;+:yfn] s/ lt/]afkt s'g}
klg nfesf] ckI] ff ub}{g . cyft{ \ s/ nfesf] ck]Iff gu/L gful/såf/f ltl/g] clgjfo{ eS' tfgL
xf] . s/ nufpg' jf p7fpg' /fHosf] clwsf/ xf] eg] s/ ltg{' gful/ssf] st{Jo xf] .

s/ cfDbfgL

s/ ;/sf/n] hgtfdf nufpg] clgjfo{ /sd xf] . s/ lt/a] fkt s/bftfnfO{ k|ToIf kmfObf x'Fbg} .
o;nfO{ ;/sf/L /fh:jsf] k|dv' ;f| ]t dflgG5 . eG;f/ dx;'n, j:t' tyf ;]jfsf] pkef]udf
nufOg] s/x¿, hUufs/, btf{ z'Ns, ;DklTt, gfkmf / cfos/ cflb s/ cfDbfgLcGtut{
k5{g\ .

kT| oIf s/

s/ ltg]{ ef/ Pp6} JolStdf xG' 5 eg] To:tf] s/nfO{ kT| oIf s/ elgG5 . s'g} JolStn] 3/ hUuf
lsGbf lglZrt /sd s/sf ¿kdf ltg{'k5{ h'g /sd c¿nfO{ :yfgfGt/0f ug{ ;lsFbg} . cfos/,
kfl/>lds s/, 3/hUuf s/ cflb kT| oIf s/sf pbfx/0fx¿ x'g\ . o:tf] s/ cfjZostfcg';f/
36a9 ug{ ;lsG5 . logLx¿ ;dfgtfdf cfwfl/t / ku| ltzLn xG' 5g\ . o; k|sf/sf] s/n]
d'bf| l:kmlt lgoGq0f ug{ ;3fp k¥' ofp5F . g]kfndf sn' /fh:jdWo] sl/a #) kl| tzt ofu] bfg
k|ToIf s/sf] /xg] cgd' fg 5 .

ckT| oIf s/

s/ ltg{] ef/ Ps kIfdf / s/sf] ke| fj csf]{ kIfdf k5{ eg] To:tf] s/nfO{ ckT| oIf s/ elgG5 .
dfgf}F, tkfOFn{ ] sg' } xf]6ndf uP/ ;]jf ;'ljwf k|fKt u/a] fkt s/;lxtsf] lan xf6] ndf ltgx'{ 'G5 .
t/ pSt s/ xf6] njfnfn] /fHosf]ifdf bflvnf u5{ . To;}n] s/sf] ef/ xf6] n kIfdf k¥of] eg]
s/sf] ke| fj pkefS] tfdf k¥of] . cGtMzN' s, eG;f/ z'Ns, d"No clejb[ l\ w s/ cflb ck|ToIf
s/sf pbfx/0f xg' \ . ckT| oIf s/ ;l' jwfhgs xg' 'sf ;fy} nfr] bf/ klg xG' 5 . o:tf] ks| f/sf]
s/sf] cfwf/ km/flsnf] x'G5 / s/ 5Ng klg ;lsFb}g . lgDg cfo ePsf JolStn] pkefu] ug]{
j:t' tyf ;]jfdf sd s/ / dWod tyf pRr cfo ePsf JolStn] pkef]u ug{] j:t' tyf ;]jfdf
a9L s/ nufOg] x'gfn] o:tf] s/ ;dGofodf cfwfl/t klg x'G5 .

218 ;fdflhs cWoog, sIff !)

Currriculumu}/s/ cfDbfgL
Development Centre
s/afxs] cGo ;f| t] af6 kf| Kt xg' ] cfDbfgLnfO{ u/} s/ cfDbfgL elgG5 . o;cGtut{ pkxf/ tyf cgb' fg,
zN' s, b08 tyf hl/jfgf, pTt/flwsf/L ljxLg ;DklTt, ;fjh{ lgs ;DklTtnufot k5g{ \ .

gk] fndf k|rlnt s/x¿

-s_ d"No clejb[ \lw s/ ( V A T - V a l eu A de d T a )x

j:t' tyf ;j] fsf] pTkfbg tyf ljt/0fsf] ljleGg txdf x'g] d"No clej[b\lwdf nufOg] s/nfO{
dN" o clej[b\lw s/ elgG5 . of] s/sf] ;?' cft km| fG;af6 ePsf] xf] . s/ j:t' tyf ;j] fdf
tfl] sPsf] b/df nufOG5 / s/sf] clGtd ef/ eg] pkef]Stfdf k5{ . gk] fndf dN" o clejb[ \lw s/
@)%$ ;fnaf6 nufpg ;'? ul/Psf] xf] . o:tf] s/ k0| ffnLdf tfl] sPsf j:t' tyf ;]jfdf s/
56' sf] Joj:yf klg xG' 5 . o;}u/L sg' } Joj;foLn] @) nfveGbf a9Lsf] sf/f]af/ u5{ eg] clgjfo{
Eof6df btf{ ug'{k5{ . o;sf nflu cfGtl/s /fh:j sfofn{ odf btf{ u//] k|df0f kq lng ;lsG5 .
xfdLn] klg j:t' tyf ;j] fsf] vl/b u/]kl5 clgjfo{ Eof6 lan lng] afgL a;fNgk' 5{ .

-v_ cGtMz'Ns

b]zleq pTkfbg ePsf Pjd\ cfofltt j:t' tyf ;]jfdf nufOg] s/nfO{ cGtMzN' s elgG5 .
cGtMzN' s ;/sf/L /fh:jsf] csf{] dxTTjk0" f{ ;f| t] xf] . ;'?df tf]lsPsf j:t' tyf ;]jfsf] b]zleq
x'g] sf/fa] f/df of] s/ nufOg] xg' fn] cGtMz'Ns elgPsf] xf] . cGtMzN' s dlb/f, r'/f]6, v'bf,]
sTyf, rfprfp cflbdf kl/df0fsf cfwf/df / Knfl:6s, ;jf/L ;fwg, d'b|0f ;fdu|L, 6L=eL=
cflbdf dN" o kl| tztsf cfwf/df nufOG5 . o:t} cGtMz'Ns nfUg] j:t'x¿nfO{ klg dlb/f ;dx" ,
;t' Lh{ Go ;d"x / :jod\ lgsf;L j:tx' ¿ u/L ltg ;dx" df ljefhg ul/Psf] 5 .

-u_ eG;f/ dx;'n

ljb]zaf6 cfoft ul/g] dfnj:t' / ljb]zdf lgof{t ul/g] j:t'x¿ jf cfoft lgoft{ ubf{ eG;f/
laGbd' f sfg'gadfl] hd lnOg] s/nfO{ g} eG;f/ dx;n' elgG5 . o;nfO{ klg /fh:jsf] dxTTjk0" f{
;f| t] dflgG5 . To;}n] k|To]s b]zx¿n] cfˆgf ;Ldfjlt{ If]qdf eG;f/sf k|zf;lgs PsfOx¿
:yfkgf u/s] f xG' 5g\ . d'Vo gfsfx¿df dV' o eG;f/ / cGo :yfgdf 5f6] L eG;f/ :yfkgf u/s] f
x'G5g\ . g]kfn ;/sf/n] sfs/le66\ f, lj/f6gu/, jL/uGh, e}/xjf, gk] fnuGh cflb 7fpFdf dV' o
eG;f/ / cGo 7fpdF f 5f6] L eG;f/ :yfkgf u//] dx;'n ;ª\sng ul/Psf] 5 .

cfos/

;fdfGotof cfo jf cfDbfgLdf nfUg] s/nfO{ cfos/ elgG5 . o;nfO{ kf| rLg s/ k0| ffnL
dflgG5 . o;sf] ;?' cft !@ cf}F ztfAbLdf an] fotaf6 ePsf] lyof] . kf| rLg ;dodf kz' kfng,
s[lif, dT:o Joj;fodf nufOg] cfos/ clxn] Joj;fo, /f]huf/L, nufgL, gfkmf nufotsf ;a}
If]qdf nufOG5 . gk] fndf of] s/ ;a} If]qdf nufOPsf] kfOG5 . t/ gfkmf gsdfpg] pb\bZ] on]

;fdflhs cWoog, sIff !) 219

Currriculum:yfkgf ePsf ;ª3\ ;:+ yfx¿, u}/ Jofj;flos v]ns'b ;+:yfx¿, lgjf{rg cfofu] df btf{ ePsf
Development Centre/fhgLlts bnx¿n] s/ 5'6 kfpg] Joj:yf 5 .
:yfgLo lgsfon] ljleGg cf7 k|sf/sf s/ c;'n ug{ kfpg] clwsf/ :yfgLo :jfoTt zf;g
Pg] n] k|bfg u/]sf] 5 .

ljm| ofsnfk
!= :yfgLo lgsfon] p7fpg ;Sg] s/x¿ ;DaGwL :yfgLo :jfoTt zf;g P]gdf ePsf]

Joj:yfaf/] vf]hL u/L sIffdf 5nkmn ugx'{ f];\ .
@= tkfOs{F f] kl/jf/n] ltg'{ePsf] s/ s] s:tf sfo{j|md ;~rfngsf nflu pkof]u xg' ] u/s] f]

5 < ljleGg bnsf /fhgLlts kl| tlglwx¿;uF 5nkmn u/L sIffdf k:| t't ugx'{ f];\ .
cEof;
-s_ /fh:j eGgfn] s] al' emG5 < s/ cfDbfgL / u/} s/ cfDbfgLlar leGgtf b]vfpgx' f];\ .
-v_ gk] fndf k|rlnt s/ k0| ffnLsf] rrf{ ug'{xf];\ .
-u_ s/ /fh:jsf] ljz]iftfx¿ pNnv] ug'x{ f;] \ .
-3_ k|ToIf s/sf kmfObf / ak] mfObfx¿ tflnsfdf k|:t't ug'{xf;] \ .
-ª_ ckT| oIf s/sf kmfObf / a]kmfObfsf] ;"rL tof/ kfg{'xf];\ .
-r_ …cGtMzN' s ;/sf/L /fh:jsf] d'Vo ;f| t] xf] .Ú kl' i6 ugx{' f;] \ .
-5_ eG;f/ dx;'n egs] f] s] xf] < gk] fnsf] ;Gbed{ f o;sf] dxTTj pNnv] ug{'xf];\ .
-h_ cfos/sf ljzi] ftfx¿ pNn]v ug'x{ f;] \ .
-em_ cfos/sf ks| f/x¿ pNn]v ug'{xf;] \ .
;fd'bflos sfo{
:yfgLo lgsfodf s'g sg' k|sf/sf s/x¿ nufOG5 < ufpFkflnsf jf gu/kflnsfdf uP/ cfjZos
;r" gf ;ªs\ ng u/L Ps ljj/0f tof/ kfgx'{ f];\ / ljb\ofnosf] ;r" gf kf6Ldf 6f:F g'xf;] \ .

220 ;fdflhs cWoog, sIff !)

kf7 M b; pkef]Stf clwsf/

JolStut ko| f]hgsf nflu j:t' tyf ;j] fsf] pkef]u ug{] JolStnfO{ pkefS] tf elgG5 . t/ sg' }Currriculum
j:t' tyf ;]jfsf] pkef]u stf{ dfq pkef]Stf geO{ cGo j:t' tyf ;j] fsf pTkfbs, cfk"lt{ stf{Development Centre
tyf laj|mt] f;d]t x'g ;S5 . s'g} klg j:t' tyf ;j] fsf] pTkfbs ;f] j:t' tyf ;j] fsf nflu
ljj]m| tf eP klg cGo j:t' tyf ;]jfsf nflu pkef]Stf klg xg' \ . t;y{ j:t' ;]jfsf] pkefu]
ug]{ ;a} JolSt, ;+:yf, sDkgL cflb klg pkef]Stf x'g\ . pkefS] tf ;DaGwL cGt/f{li6«o ;:+ yf
C nos mu e r I tn e r na t i noa l n] pkef]Stfleq ;du|df xfdL ;an} fO{ ;d]6]sf] 5 .

gk] fnsf] ;+ljwfgsf] efu # wf/f $$ df pkef]Stf clwsf/ ;DaGwL Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .
o;df k|Tos] pkef]StfnfO{ u'0f:t/Lo j:t' tyf ;j] f kf| Kt ug]{ xs x'g] 5 eGg] :ki6 Joj:yf
ul/Psf] 5 . g]kfn ;/sf/ jfl0fHo dGqfnon] pkefS] tfnfO{ ahf/df k|fKt xg' ] j:t' tyf ;j] fsf]
pkefu] tyf ko| f]u ug]{ JolSt jf ;d"x eg/] kl/eflift u/]sf] 5 . pkef]Stf ;/+ If0f P]gsf] bkmf
@ s n] sg' } klg j:t' tyf ;j] fsf] pkef]u ug{] JolSt jf ;+:yf pkef]Stf xf] egL kl/eflift
u/]sf] 5 .

pkef]Stf clwsf/ eGgfn] pkefS] tfn] pkof]u ug{] j:t' tyf ;]jfsf] clwsf/;Fu ;DalGwt 5 .
pkefS] tfsf] xslxt ;/+ If0fsf nflu ljleGg ko| f;x¿ ePsf 5g\ . pkefS] tfsf] xslxt ;DaGwL
sfgg' ;j{ ky| d ;+o'St /fHo cd]l/sfaf6 ;?' eO{ ;g\ !(^# dfr{ !% df nfu' ul/of] . To;n} ]
k|Tos] jif{ dfr{ !% nfO{ cGt/f{li6o« pkef]Stf lbj;sf ¿kdf dgfOG5 . pSt wf/fdf u0' f:t/Lo
j:t' tyf ;j] f kf| Kt ug]{ xs x'g] 5 / pkefS] tfnfO{ u'0f:t/xLg j:t' tyf ;j] faf6 Iflt ku' s] f
JolStnfO{ sfg'gadf]lhd Ifltk"lt{ kfpg] clwsf/ 5 . ;+oS' t /fi6« ;ª\3n] ljleGg * cf6] f
clwsf/nfO{ pkef]Stf clwsf/sf ¿kdf kl/eflift u/]sf] 5 .

pkefS] tfsf] xslxt ;/+ If0fsf nflu gk] fn ;/sf/n] @)%% ;fn jz} fv ! ut] pkefS] tf ;/+ If0f Pg] ,
@)%$ hf/L u/s] f] lyof] . pSt Pg] n] pkefS] tfnfO{ lgDg lnlvt clwsf/ kb| fg u/s] f] 5 M

!= lhp Hofg, :jf:Yo tyf ;DklTtdf xfgL k'¥ofpg] pkefU] o j:t' tyf ;]jfsf] lajm| L
ljt/0faf6 ;/' lIft x'g] clwsf/

@= cg'lrt Jofkfl/s lj|mofsnfkaf6 ;/' lIft xg' sf lglDt pkefU] o j:t' tyf ;]jfsf] dN" o,
u0' f, kl/df0f, zb' w\ tf cflbaf/] ;;' "lrt xg' ] clwsf/

#= k|lt:kwfT{ ds d"Nodf j:t' tyf ;j] fsf] 5gf6] ug{ kfpg] clwsf/

$= pkefS] tfsf] xslxt ;/+ If0fsf nflu pkoS' t lgsfoaf6 ;'gj' fO x'g] s/' fdf ljZj:t xg' ]
clwsf/

;fdflhs cWoog, sIff !) 221

Currriculum%= cg'lrt Jofkfl/s ljm| ofsnfkaf6 pkef]Stfx¿df x'g] zfi] f0f tyf dsf{ lj?bw\ ;'g'jfO /
Development CentreIfltkl" t{ kfpg] clwsf/

^= pkef]Stf lzIffsf] clwsf/ .

P]gdf sg' } klg pTkfbsn] cfˆgf] pTkfbgdf lgDg lnlvt s/' fx¿ ;dfj]z ugk'{ g{] pNnv] ul/Psf]
5M
-s_ pTkfbssf] gfd, 7u] fgf / btf{ gDa/
-v_ vfbo\ kbfy{ / cfi} fwL h:tf pkef]Uo j:t'df pSt j:t'sf] ld>0f, kl/df0f / tf}n
-u_ u'0f:t/ lgwf/{ 0f ePsf] j:td' f ;f] j:ts' f] u'0f:t/
-3_ pkefU] o j:t' pkef]u ug{] tl/sf / ;f] j:t' pkefu] ubf{ kg{] k|efj
-ª_ pkef]Uo j:ts' f] dN" o, Aofr gDa/, pTkfbg ldlt / Dofb ;lsg] ldlt
-r_ ljbo\ t' Lo ;fdfuL| , xf8j{ ]o/ tyf oflGqs ;fdfu|L ePdf Uof/]G6L, Uof/]G6L ldlt, cGo

cfjZos s'/fx¿ ;dfj]z ;Dab\w kIf
-5_ kH| HjngzLn, b'36{ gfhGo tyf ;lhn} 66' km'6 x'g] kbfy{ jf pkefU] o j:t'sf] ;'/Iff .

pkef]StfnfO{ cfkm" n] pkef]u ug{ rfx]sf] jf pkefu] u/]sf] j:t' tyf ;]jfdf cfkm" 7luPsf]
jf u0' f:t/ xLg ePsf] nfud] f ph/' L ug]{ clwsf/ 5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf pkefS] tf :jod\ jf
pkef]STfjfbL ;ª3\ ;:+ yf dfkm{t ph'/L lbg ;lsG5 . u'0f:t/ xLg kbfy{sf] k|ofu] af6 pkef]StfnfO{
xfgL gf]S;fgL ePdf Ifltkl" t{ lbg] Joj:yf klg 5 . pkefS] tf ;/+ If0f Pg] cg;' f/ jfl0fHo ljefu,
lhNnf kz| f;g sfof{no, glhssf] kx| /L rfs} L jf ;DalGwt ljefu jf dGqfnodf ph/' L lbg
;lsG5 . pkef]Stfsf] xslxt ;+/If0f ug{ lg/LIf0f clwst[ sf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . lg/LIf0f
clwst[ nfO{ ljleGg ks| f/sf clwsf/ k|bfg ul/Psf] 5 . o;u} /L pkefS] tf ;/+ If0f Pg] n]
pkef]Stf lzIff ;DaGwL Joj:yf klg u/]sf] 5 . o;cGtu{t pkef]StfnfO{ pkefU] o j:t' jf
;j] fsf] ;DaGwdf ;l" rt u/fpg] tyf u'0f:t/ gePsf j:t' jf ;]jfsf] k|of]u ubf{ To;sf] k|efj
hfgsf/L u/fpg kf7\oj|md tof/ kfg'{ kg{] Joj:yf 5 . To;}cg¿' k ljbo\ fno txdf pkef]Stf
lzIff ;DaGwL ;fdfuL| x¿ ;dfjz] ul/Psf] 5 .

pkef]Stf lzIffaf6 x'g] kmfObfnfO{ lgDg lnlvt a'bF fdf pNn]v ug{ ;lsG5 M
!= o;n] pkefS] tfnfO{ pkef]Uo j:t'sf] 5gf6] sf] df}sf k|bfg u5{ .
@= j:t' tyf ;j] fsf] vl/b ubf{ pkefS] tfn] ;fdgf ug'{kg{] ;d:ofsf af/]df hfu?s

agfpF5 .
#= pkefS] tf lzIffn] pkef]StfnfO{ ahf/sf af/d] f k0" f{ ;r" gf kb| fg u5{ . o;n] ubf{ pkef]Uo

j:t' vl/b ug{ ;3fp k'U5 .
$= pkefS] tfnfO{ pkef]Uo j:t'sf] u0' f:t/ yfxf xG' 5 .

222 ;fdflhs cWoog, sIff !)

Currriculum%= pkefS] tfnfO{ ;/sf/n] hf/L u/]sf Pg] lgodaf/] yfxf xG' 5 . kl/0ffd :j¿k cfkm" n] vr{
Development Centreu/]sf] /sdaf6 clwstd ;Gt'li6 kf| Kt x'G5 .

pkefS] tf clwsf/ hfGgsf nflu lzIff / rt] gf cfjZos k5{ . pkefS] tf lzIfflagf clwsf/sf]
1fg x'bF g} . pbo\ f]uL tyf Jofkf/Ln] ug]{ u}/ sfgg' L sfo{ yfxf kfpg pkefS] tf lzIffsf] cfjZostf
k5{ . pkef]Stf lzIffdfkm{t g} pkef]Stfsf] clwsf/af/] hfgsf/L kf| Kt ug{ ;lsG5 .

ljm| ofsnfk
!= sfnf]ahf/Ln] pkef]Stfsf] clwsf/ s;/L sl' 07t u5{ < sIffdf ;dx" df 5nkmn u/L

lgrf8] lgsfNgx' f;] \ .
@= pkefS] tfsf] clwsf/ xgg ePdf s] s:tf] sfgg' L pkrf/sf] Joj:yf 5 < ljifo lzIfs;Fu

5nkmn u/L lgisif{ lgsfNg'xf];\ .
#= pkef]Stfsf] clwsf/sf af/]df hfgsf/ JolStnfO{ ljb\ofnodf cfdGq0f u/L r]tgfdn" s

sfo{jm| d cfof]hgf ug'{xf;] \ . pSt sfoj{ |mddf :yfgLo /fhgLlt sdL{ tyf dlxnf clwsf/
sdL{nfO{ klg ;xefuL u/fpg'xf;] \ .
$= pkef]StfnfO{ rt] gf hufpg] Pp6f uLt jf sljtf /rgf ug{x' f];\ .

cEof;
-s_ pkef]Stf clwsf/ egs] f] s] xf] < o;cGtut{ kg{] clwsf/x¿sf] ;r" L agfpg'xf];\ .
-v_ pkefS] tf P]gn] s'g} klg pTkfbsn] cfˆgf] pTkfbgdf s] s:tf s/' fx¿ ;dfjz] ug'k{ g]{

Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 < pNnv] ug{'xf;] \ .
-u_ pkef]Stf clwsf/ ;+/If0fsf nflu ePsf ko| f;x¿ ;dfj]z u/L ;DkfbsLosf] gdg' f tof/

kfg'x{ f];\ .
-3_ pkefS] tfsf] xslxt ;+/If0fsf nflu ePsf k|of;x¿ kofK{ t 5g\ jf 5}gg\ < pNnv]

ug{x' f;] \ .
-ª_ pkefS] tfsf] xslxt ;+/If0f ug{ u7g ePsf] sg' } Pp6f ;+:yfsf] ultljlw pNnv] u/L

;drf/sf] gdg' f tof/ kfgx{' f];\ .
-r_ ljbo\ fno txdf pkef]Stf lzIff ;DaGwL ;fdfu|Lsf] pkofl] utf pNn]v ugx'{ f;] \ .

;fdb' flos sfo{

pkef]Stf clwsf/ sdLx{ ¿;Fu pkef]Stf clwsf/sf af/d] f 5nkmn u/]/ cfjZos ;r" gf
;ªs\ ng u/L kl| tj]bg tof/ kfgx'{ f];\ .

;fdflhs cWoog, sIff !) 223

PsfO xfd|f] cGt/f{li6o« ;DaGw / ;xofu]
(
;o+ 'St /fi6« ;ª3\ / cªu\ x¿
kf7 M Ps

Currriculum
Development Centre
bf;] |f] ljZjob' \wsf] ;?' cft;uF } o'b\w /f]Sg'kg]{ cfjfh p7g\ yfn]sf] lyof] . o;sf nflu ljZjJofkL
;ª\u7gsf] lgdf0{ f ugk{' g{] cfjZostf dx;'; ul/of] . o;} j|mddf ;g\ !($! hg' !@ df ldq
/fi6«x¿sf] ;dx" n] zflGt / ;xof]u :yfkgf ug]{ ljifonfO{ hf8] lbbF } nG8gdf Ps ;Dd]ngsf]
cfof]hgf u¥of] . oxL ;Ddn] gn] zflGt :yfkgfdf hf8] lbbF } cGt/;DaGw 3fi] f0ff hf/L u¥of] .
cd]l/sfsf tfTsfnLg /fi6«klt Pkm=8L= ?hj]N6 / a]nfotL k|wfgdGqL lj:6g rlr{nn] cfGw|
dxf;fu/df o'b\wkft] dfly a;/] cu:6 !@ df Pp6f ;Demf}tfdf x:tfIf/ u/] . o;nfO{ P6n\ flG6s
rf6/{ elgG5 . pSt ;Demft} fsf] d'Vo pb\b]Zo bf;] |f] ljZjo'b\w cGTo u/L zflGt sfod ug'{ lyof] .
oxL jm| ddf d:sf] 3f]if0ff, tx] /fg 3f]if0ff, 8Daf6g{ 3f]if0ff, ofN6f 3f]if0ff cflbn] ljZjJofkL
;ªu\ 7g lgdf{0f ug{ dxTTjk"0f{ el" dsf v]ns] f lyP .

!($% clk|n @% df cdl] /sfsf] ;fg\ k|mfG;l;sf]df cfof]lht ;Dd]ngn] ;o+ S' t /fi6« ;ª\3 u7g
ug{] k|:tfj u¥of] . ;'?df %) bz] / kl5 kf]NofG8n] klg ;o+ S' t /fi6« ;ª3\ :yfkgf ug{] k|:tfjdf
x:tfIf/ u¥of] . pSt bz] x¿n] a8fkq -ljwfg_ nfO{ cgd' fb] g u/]kl5 ;g\ !($% cS6fa] / @$
tfl/vdf ;o+ S' t /fi6« ;ª\3sf] ljlwjt\ :yfkgf eof] . o;} lbgnfO{ ;o+ S' t /fi6« ;ª3\ lbj;sf
¿kdf dgfpg] ul/G5 . xfn o;sf ;b:o /fi6« !(# /x]sf 5g\ .

;o+ S' t /fi6« ;ª3\ sf] a8fkqdf !( cWofo / !!! wf/f 5g\ . o;sf] k|wfg sfof{no cd]l/sfsf]
Go'ofs] d{ f 5 . o;df cªu\ ]h| L, k|m]Gr, lrlgof,F ?;L / :kl] g; efiffx¿n] :yfkgf sfnb]lv g}
cflwsfl/s efiffsf] dfGotf kfPsf 5g\ . ;g\ !(&# df c/]laog efiffnfO{ klg cflwsfl/s
efiffsf ¿kdf yk ul/Psf] lyof] .

224 ;fdflhs cWoog, sIff !)

;+o'St /fi6« ;ª\3sf] :yfkgfsf] dV' o pb\b]Zox¿ cGt/f{li6o« zflGt ;/' Iff sfod ug,{] /fi6x« ¿lar
dq} L ;DaGw sfod ug]{, dfgj clwsf/sf] k|jw{g ug{n] ufot 5g\ . ;o+ 'St /fi6« ;ª\3sf] ;b:otf
kf| Kt ug{ lgDgfg';f/sf cfwf/x¿ k'/f x'gk' 5{, h:t} M -s_ zflGtlko| /fi6« xg' 'kg]{, -v_ a8fkqnfO{
:jLsf/ u/]sf] x'gk' g]{, -u_ ;'/Iff kl/ifb\sf kfrF :yfoL ;b:o;lxt gf} ;b:on] cgd' fb] g u/]sf]
x'gk' g{], -3_ dxf;efåf/f bO' { ltxfO ;b:on] cg'dfb] g ug'{kg]{ cflb .

;+o'St /fi6« ;ª\3sf cªu\ x¿

;o+ S' t /fi6« ;ª\3sf] a8fkqsf] wf/f & df ;+oS' t /fi6« ;ª\3sf cª\ux¿sf] pNnv] ul/Psf] 5 .
o;sf dV' o cªu\ x¿ / ltgLx¿sf sfo{nfO{ lgDgfg;' f/ pNn]v ug{ ;lsG5 M
Currriculum
Development Centrecª\ux¿sf] ljj/0f sfo{

!= dxf;ef ( T eh G e en r a l A s s e m lb )y - cGt/fl{ i6«o zflGt ;'/Iffsf] ljrf/

a8fkqsf] wf/f (−@@ df dxf;ef ;DaGwL Joj:yf ljdz{ ug{]

ul/Psf] 5 . o;nfO{ /fi6« ;ª\3sf] Joj:yflksf - ;/' Iff kl/ifb\ / cGo lgsfoaf6 k|fKt

klg dflgG5 . dxf;efsf] a7} sdf kT| o]s /fi6n« ] k|ltj]bgdfly ljrf/ ljdz{ ug{]

% hgf kl| tlglw k7fpg] Joj:yf 5 . dxTTjk"0f{ - ;b:otf hf/L ug{]

lg0fo{ b'O{ ltxfOn] / cGo lg0fo{ ;fdfGo ax'dtaf6 - jflifs{ ah6] kf; ug{]

kfl/t x'g] Joj:yf 5 . k|To]s clwjz] gsf nflu - ;/' Iff kl/ifb\sf] l;kmfl/;df

Ps hgf cWoIf / !& hgf pkfWoIf lgjf{lrt dxf;lrjsf] lgo'lSt ug]{

ug]{ Joj:yf 5 . dxf;efsf] sfd Jojl:yt ug{ - ;fdflhs tyf cfly{s kl/ifbs\ f

ljleGg % cf]6f ;ldlt xG' 5g\ . dxf;efsf] a}7s ;b:ox¿ lgjfl{ rt ug{]

kT| o]s jif{ ;K] 6D] a/ dlxgfsf] t];|f] dªu\ naf/ ;?' - cGt/f{li6o« Gofofnox¿sf

xG' 5 . GofofwLzx¿ lgjf{lrt ug{] .

@= ;'/Iff kl/ifb\ ( T eh S e c ur i t y C onuc i l ) - cGt/f{li6«o zflGt ;'/Iff sfod ug{]

a8fkqsf] wf/f @#–%) ;Dd ;/' Iff - goFf ;b:o /fi6s« f] kj| ]zsf nflu
kl/ifb\;uF ;DalGwt Joj:yf 5g\ . o;df kfFr l;kmfl/; ug]{
:yfoL / b; c:yfoL ;b:o /fi6x« ¿ xG' 5g\ . - cfjZostfcg';f/ zflGt ;g] f kl/rfng
c:yfoL ;b:ox¿ ljleGg efu} fl] ns If]qx¿, h:t} M ug]{ .
ckm| fP] l;ofaf6 ^, Nofl6g cd]l/sfaf6 @, k"jL{ - dxf;lrjsf] lgol' Stsf nflu
o/' fk] af6 ! / cGo /fi6a« f6 @ ;b:o u/L @ jifs{ f dxf;efnfO{ l;kmfl/; ug]{
nflu lgjf{lrt x'G5g\ . :yfoL ;b:onfO{ le6f] - cGt/fl{ i6o« ;ª\3if{df x'g ;Sg] ljjfb
clwsf/ xG' 5 . g]kfn klg c:yfoL ;b:odf @ jf l:yltsf] cg';Gwfg ug{] .

k6s lgjfl{ rt ePsf] lyof] .

;fdflhs cWoog, sIff !) 225

#= cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs kl/ifb\ ( T eh - cGt/fl{ i6o« ¿kdf cflys{ , z}lIfs,

E c nom i c a dn S co i a l C ncuo i l ) ;fdflhs cflb Ifq] df cWoog u/L

wf/f ^! b]lv &@ ;Dd o; kl/ifb\sf] Joj:yf kl| tjb] g k;] ug]{
5 . o;df dxf;efaf6 # jif{sf nflu lgjfl{ rt - dfgj clwsf/ tyf df}lns xssf]
%$ ;b:o xg' ] Joj:yf 5 . kT| o]s jif{ Ps kfngf / clejb[ \lwsf nflu l;kmfl/;
ltxfO ;b:osf] kbfjlw ;lsg] xg' fn] Ps ltxfO ug{]
;b:o lgjfl{ rt x'g] / ef}ufl] ns If]qcg';f/, - ljleGg If]q;Fu ;DalGwt cGt/f{li6o«
h:t} M Pl;ofaf6 !!, clk|msfaf6 !$, Nofl6g ;Ddn] g cfof]hgf ug{]
cd]l/sfaf6 !), k"jL{ o'/f]kaf6 ^, klZrd o'/fk] af6 - dxf;efn] lbg] s'g} klg lhDdj] f/
@ / cGo /fi6a« f6 !# ;b:o lgjfl{ rt xG' 5g\ . kfngf ug{] .
Currriculum
Development Centreo;cGtut{ gf} cf]6f cfof]ux¿ 5g\ .

$= lhDdf hdfgL kl/ifb\ ( T he T r su t e e s hi p cGo /fi6s« f] pklgjz] af6 :jtGq jf
:jtGq /fi6x« ¿ cfkmF} zf;g rnfpg
C cnou i l ) c;Ifd /fi6x« ¿nfO{ zf;g ;~rfng
ug{ ofU] o / ;Ifd agfpg ;xofu]
wf/f *^−(! ;Dd lhDdf hdfgL kl/ifbs\ f] ug]{ .
Joj:yf 5 . ;'/Iff kl/ifb\sf kfrF :yfoL ;b:ox¿
x'g] Joj:yf 5 .

%= cGt/f{li6o« Gofofno ( T he I nt e r an t i noa l - cGt/fl{ i6«o ljjfbdf lg0f{o ug]{

C uor t fo J us t i c e ) - /fi6« ;ª3\ / o;sf lgsfox¿nfO{

wf/f (@−(^ ;Dd cGt/fl{ i6o« Gofofno ;DaGwL sfg'gL ;Nnfx k|bfg ug{]
Joj:yf 5 . pSt Gofofnodf !% hgf GofofwLz - ;GwL ;Demf}tfsf] cy{ :ki6 kfg]{

xg' ] / kbfjlw gf} jifs{ f] xg' ] Joj:yf 5 . GofowLzx¿ - sfgg' L zAbsf] JofVof ug]{ .

;/' Iff kl/ifbs\ f] l;kmfl/;df dxf;efaf6 lgjfl{ rt

xg' ] Joj:yf 5 . % hgf GofowLzx¿ kfrF :yfoL

;b:o /fi6a« f6 / afF sL b; hgf ;a} dxfbz]

;d6] g\ ] u/L lgoS' t xG' 5g\ . GofofwLzdWoa] f6

kd| v' GofowLz 5flgG5g\ . o;sf] sG] bL| o sfofn{ o

gb] /NofG8sf] xu] df cjl:yt 5 . cGt/fl{ i6o«

Gofofnosf] cflwsfl/s efiff cªu\ h]| L / km| G] r xf] .

226 ;fdflhs cWoog, sIff !)

^= ;lrjfno ( T he S e c r e a t a r i a t ) - cGt/f{li6«o ljjfbdf dWo:ytf ug{]

wf/f (&−!)! ;Dd ;lrjfno ;DaGwL Joj:yf - zflGt sfod ug{] ljm| ofsnfk ;~rfng
5 . of] ;+oS' t /fi6« ;ª\3sf] k|zf;sLo PsfO ug{] . ljZjJofkL dxTTjsf ljifodf

xf] . dxf;lrjsf ;fy} ljz]if1, k|fljlws Pjd\ cGt/fl{ i6o« ;Ddn] g cfof]hgf ug{]

k|zf;lgs sd{rf/L klg xG' 5g\ . kd| v' k|zf;sLo - k|ltjb] g ks| fzg tyf ljt/0f ug{]

clws[tsf ¿kdf dxf;lrj x'G5g\ . o;sf] - ljZjsf ;dfrf/ hutn\ fO{ /fi6« ;ª\3sf

Currriculumlgol' St ;'/Iff kl/ifbs\ f] l;kmfl/;df dxf;efaf6 ljifodf hfgsf/L u/fpg] .
Development Centre
xG' 5 . dxf;lrjsf] kbfjlw % jif{sf] xG' 5 /

cfjZostfcg';f/ Ps sfo{sfn yKg ;lsG5 .

lj|mofsnfk
!= ;+o'St /fi6« ;ª\3sf] dxf;ef a7} saf/] ljleGg ;r" gf ;ª\sng u/L sIffdf 5nkmn

ug{'xf;] \ .

@= sIffsf ljb\ofyL{x¿ ;lDdlnt eO{ ;o+ 'St /fi6« ;ª3\ dxf;ef a}7s a;]sf] el" dsf clego
ugx{' f];\ .

#= dxf;efsf sfox{ ¿ ;dfj]z u/L ;drf/sf] gdg' f tof/ kfg{'xf;] \ .

cEof;
-s_ ;o+ S' t /fi6« ;ª\3sf] :yfkgfsf] Pl] txfl;s 36gf j|mdsf] ;ªI\ f]kdf pNnv] ugx'{ f;] \ .

-v_ jtd{ fg ;Gbe{df ;+o'St /fi6« ;ª3\ sf] e"ldsf cem dxTTjk"0f{ 5 eGg] egfOk|lt tkfOF{
;xdt x'gx' G' 5 < cfˆgf] b[li6sf0] f k|:t't ug{x' f];\ .

-u_ ;o+ S' t /fi6« ;ª\3sf ultljlwx¿sf] cfnf]rgfTds l6Kk0fL ugx{' f];\ .

-3_ ;+oS' t /fi6« ;ª\3 cfˆgf] pb]Zo xfl;n ug{ ;kmn eof] jf ePg < cfˆgf] bl[ i6sf0] f k:| t't
ug{'xf;] \ .

-ª_ ;o+ S' t /fi6« ;ª3\ n] ;fgf tyf ul/a b]zx¿sf] xs clwsf/ ;/' lIft /fVg s] e"ldsf vN] g
;S5 < k|:6 kfgx'{ f];\ .

-r_ ljZjdf zflGt sfod ug{ ;o+ S' t /fi6« ;ª3\ n] vn] ]sf] el" dsfsf] ;ªI\ fk] df rrf{ ug'{xf;] \ .

;fdflhs cWoog, sIff !) 227

kf7 M b'O{ ;+oS' t /fi6« ;ª3\ sf ljlzi6Lst[ ;:+ yfx¿

!= vfb\o tyf sl[ if ;ª\u7gCurrriculum
Development Centre
o;sf] :yfkgf !($% cS6fa] / !^ df ePsf]
xf] . ;g\ !($^ df of] ;o+ 'St /fi6« ;ª3\ sf]
ljlzi6Ls[t ;:+ yf aGof] . o;sf pb\b]Zo sl[ if
pTkfbgdf j[bl\ w u/L ljZjsf hgtfsf] :t/df
j[b\lw ug,'{ vfbo\ ljt/0fsf] cj:yf ;w' fg'{
vfbo\ ;/' Iffdf hf]8 lbg', ;/sf/x¿nfO{ vfb\o
gLlt tyf of]hgf ;DaGwL ;Nnfx kb| fg ug{'
cflb x'g\ . o;sf] s]GbL| o sfof{no O6fnLsf]
/fd] df 5 . k|To]s jif{ cS6fa] / !^ df ljZj
vfb\o lbj; dgfOG5 .

@= ;o+ S' t /fi6« ;ª\3sf] zl} Ifs, j1} flgs Pjd\ ;f:+ sl[ ts ;ª\u7g

o;sf] :yfkgf !($^ gfe] D] a/ $ df ePsf] xf] . of] !($&
l8;D] a/ !$ df ;o+ S' t /fi6« ;ª3\ sf] ljlzi6Ls[t ;:+ yf aGof] .
o;sf pbb\ ]Zox¿ dfgj tyf lbuf] ljsf; kj| w{g ug,]{ kf| s[lts
tyf ;f:+ sl[ ts ;Dkbfsf] ;+/If0f ug{,] ljZjsf /fi6x« ¿sf]
z}lIfs, j}1flgs / ;f:+ sl[ ts ljsf;df ;xofu] ug]{ nufot
k5g{ \ . g]kfn ;g\ !(^^ df o;sf] ;b:o aGof] . o;sf] sG] bL| o
sfof{no km| fG;sf] kl] /;df /xs] f] 5 .

#= ljZj :jf:Yo ;ª\u7g

o;sf] :yfkgf !($* clkn| & df eof] . o;n] ;b:o
/fi6«x¿sf] :jf:Yo cj:yf ;'wf/ ug{ ;xof]u ug,{]
:jf:Yo Ifq] df k|fljlws 1fg k|bfg ug,{] /fu] lgoGq0f
tyf pGdn" gsf sfo{j|md ;~rfng ug]{ / cfi} fwL pkrf/
;DaGwL cg';GwfgnfO{ kf| ]T;fxg ug{] sfo{x¿ u/fp5F .
g]kfnn] !(%$ df o;sf] ;b:otf kf| Kt u/s] f] xf] . o;sf]
sG] b|Lo sfofn{ o l:j6\h/NofG8sf] hg] ]efdf 5 .

228 ;fdflhs cWoog, sIff !)

$= cGt/f{li6o« kg' lgd{ f0{ f tyf ljsf; a}ª\s

o;sf] :yfkgf !($% l8;]Da/ @& df ePsf] xf] . o;sf] ;b:otf k|fKt
ug{ cGt/f{li6«o db' f| sf]ifsf] ;b:otf lng'kg{] clgjfo{ Joj:yf 5 .
o;n] dWod cfo ePsf b]z tyf C0f lng of]Uo bz] x¿nfO{ ljlTto
C0f pknAw u/fO{ ljsf; sfo{sf] nufgLdf kf| T] ;fxg u5{ . gk] fn ;g\
!(^! df o;sf] ;b:o ags] f] xf] . o;sf] k|wfg sfofn{ o cd]l/sfsf]
jfl;ª6\ g 8L=;L= df /xs] f] 5 .
Currriculum
Development Centre%= cGt/f{li6«o ljsf; ;ª\u7g

o;sf] :yfkgf !(^) ;]K6]Dj/ @$ df ePsf] xf] . o;n]
clt ul/a /fi6«x¿nfO{ ;x'lnot b/df C0f k|bfg u5{ .
o;n] lbuf] cfly{s j[b\lwb/ / ljsf;nfO{ k|fT] ;fxg u5{ .
g]kfn !(^# df o;sf] ;b:o aGof] . o;sf] kw| fg sfofn{ o
cd]l/sfsf] jfl;ª6\ g 8L=;L= df /xs] f] 5 .

^= cGt/f{li6o« db' |f sf]if

cGt/f{li6«o db' f| sfi] f ( I tn e r na t i ano l M noe t a r y F udn) sf]
:yfkgf !($% l8;]Da/ @& df ePsf] xf] . o;sf] d'Vo sfo{
cGt/f{li6«o dfl} bs| ;d:of ;dfwfg ug,{' ;6xL b/df :yfloTj
Nofpg' / e'StfgL c;Gtn' g sd ug'{ xf] . g]kfn !(^! df o;sf]
;b:o aGof] . o;sf] k|wfg sfofn{ o cdl] /sfsf] jfl;ª6\ g 8L=;L=df
/xs] f] 5 .

&= cGt/f{li6«o gful/s p8\8og ;ªu\ 7g

cGt/f{li6o« gful/s p88\ og ;ª\u7g ( I nt e r an t i oan l C i iv l
A vi a t i on O r ag ni z a t i no) sf] :yfkgf !($& clk|n $ df ePsf]
xf] . o; ;+:yfsf] dV' o pbb\ Z] o gful/s p88\ ogsf] If]qdf ;xofu]
lj:tf/ ug',{ ;/' lIft xjfO{ ;]jfsf] ljsf; tyf xjfO{ ;DaGwL
cGt/fl{ i6o« gLlt lgod lgdf{0f ug'{ xf] . o;sf] kw| fg sfof{no
Sofg8fsf] dlG6«ondf 5 .

*= cGt/fl{ i6o« b/" ;~rf/ ;ª\3

cGt/f{li6«o b/" ;~rf/ ;ª\3 ( I nt e r an t i ona l T e l e c mo m uni c a t i on A s s oc i a t i )on sf] ;g\
!($& df ;o+ S' t /fi6« ;ª3\ sf] ljlzi6Ls[t ;:+ yf aGof] . o;sf] d'Vo pbb\ Z] o cGt/fl{ i6o« b"/
;~rf/ ;j] fsf] ljsf; kj| w{g / cg';Gwfg ug'{ xf] . gk] fn !(%& df o;sf] ;b:o aGof] . o;sf]
k|wfg sfofn{ o l:j6\h/NofG8sf] hg] e] fdf 5 .

;fdflhs cWoog, sIff !) 229

Currriculum(= ljZj df;} d lj1fg ;ª\u7g
Development Centre
o;sf] :yfkgf !(%) dfr{ @# df ePsf] xf] . o;n] df;} dsf] eljiojf0fL
ug,]{ df};d ;DaGwL ;r" gf cfbfg kb| fg ug]{ / hnjfo' ;DaGwL ultljlw
clejb[ \lw ug{] sfd u5{ . gk] fn ;g\ !(^^ df o;sf] ;b:o aGof] . o;sf]
k|wfg sfofn{ o l:j6h\ /NofG8sf] hg] e] fdf 5 .

!)= ljZj af}b\lws ;DklTt ;ªu\ 7g

o;sf] :yfkgf !(&) clkn| @^ df ePsf] xf] . o;sf] dV' o pbb\ Z] o
afb} l\ ws ;DklTtsf] ;/+ If0f ug{' xf] . o;n] cfb} o\ fl] us ;DklTt tyf kl| tlnlk
clwsf/ ;DaGwL sfo{ ub5{ . cfb} o\ fl] us ;DklTtdf c:jLsf/, 68«] dfs,{
cfb} o\ fl] us l8hfOg tyf pTklTtsf] clwsf/ k5g{ \ . kl| tlnlk clwsf/df
;flxlTos, ;fªu\ Llts, snfTds, kmf6] fu] f| kmL tyf >JobZ[ o ;fduL| x¿
k5g{ \ . o;sf] kw| fg sfofn{ o l:j6h\ /NofG8sf] hg] e] fdf 5 .

!!= ;o+ S' t /fi6« ;ª3\ cfb} o\ fl] us ljsf; ;ªu\ 7g

o;sf] :yfkgf ;g\ !(^^ df ePsf] xf] . o;n] ljsf;fG] d'v
/fi6«x¿sf] cfb} o\ f]lus ljsf;df ;xof]u u5{ . ;fy} cf}b\of]lus
Ifdtf ljsf; ug{ ;b:o /fi6«nfO{ ;xof]u u5{ . o;sf] k|wfg
sfofn{ o cl:6«ofsf] leofgfdf 5 .

!@= cGt/fl{ i6«o cf0fljs pmhf{ lgof]u

o;sf] :yfkgf ;g\ !(%& ePsf] xf] . o; lgofu] n] cf0fljs pmhfs{ f]
zflGtk0" f{ k|of]udf j}1flgs / k|fljlws ;xof]u pknAw u/fp5F .
o;sf] dV' o pbb\ Z] o ljZjdf zflGt sfod /fVg cf0fljs xltof/
/ ;}lgs zlStsf] k|of]uaf6 /fS] g] tyf ljsf;fG] dv' /fi6n« fO{
kf| ljlws ;xfotf pknAw u/fpg] xf] . o;sf] kw| fg sfofn{ o
cl:6o« fsf] leofgfdf 5 .

!#= ;+o'St /fi6« ;ª3\ Lo ljsf; sfo{jm| d
o;sf] :yfkgf !(^^ gfe] ]Da/ @@ df ePsf] xf] . o; sfoj{ m| dsf]
pb\b]Zo lbuf] ljsf;, ul/aL lgjf/0f h:tf If]qdf Wofg s]lGb|t u/L
ljsf;fG] dv' /fi6«x¿sf] cfly{s ;fdflhs ljsf;df ;xof]u k¥' ofpg'
xf] . o;n] ljsf;sf nflu ;r" gf k|ljlw, H I V A I D S lj?b\wsf]
n8fO, kf| s[lts ks| fk] tyf åGåsf] c;/x¿nfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{ ;xof]u
k'¥ofp5F . o;sf] k|wfg sfofn{ o cdl] /sfsf] Go'ofs] d{ f 5 .

230 ;fdflhs cWoog, sIff !)

!$= ;o+ 'St /fi6« ;ª3\ Lo afnsfi] f

o;sf] :yfkgf !($^ l8;D] a/ ! df ePsf] xf] . o;n] ljZjsf afn
aflnsfx¿sf] ;'/Iff / ljsf;sf nflu sfo{ u5{ . o;sf] kw| fg sfof{no
cd]l/sfsf] Go'ofs] d{ f 5 .

!%= ljZj Jofkf/ ;ªu\ 7g

o;sf] :yfkgf !((% hgj/L ! df ePsf] xf] . o; ;+:yfn] cGt/fl{ i6o«
Jofkf/ ;DaGwL lgodnfO{ kf/bzL{ agfpg ;xof]u u5{ . o;sf ;fy}
Jofkf/, nufgL, /fh] uf/L / cfosf] jb[ l\ w ug'{ klg o;sf pbb\ Z] ox¿
x'g\ . xfn !%# /fi6«x¿ o;sf ;b:o 5g\ . gk] fnn] clkn| @))$ df
o;sf] ;b:otf lnPsf] xf] . o;sf] k|wfg sfofn{ o l:j6\h/NofG8sf]
hg] ]efdf 5 .

lj|mofsnfk
!= ;o+ 'St /fi6« ;ª\3sf ljlzi6Ls[t ;:+ yfsf] ;"rL tof/ kf/L :yfkgf ldlt / sfo{x¿ sIffdf

5nkmn ug'x{ f];\ .
@= U N H C R , U N E S C O ;DaGwL ultljlw / sfo{x¿ I nt e r ne t sf] dfWodaf6 kTtf nufO{

sIffdf k:| t't ug{'xf;] \ .
#= afn aflnsf;Fu ;DalGwt sfod{ f ;+o'St /fi6« ;ª3\ Lo afnsfi] fsf] ofu] bfg pNn]v u/L

;dfrf/sf] gd'gf agfpgx' f];\ .
cEof;
-s_ gk] fndf sfo{/t sg' } rf/ cf]6f ljlzi6Lst[ ;+:yfx¿n] u/]sf sfos{ f] ;r" L agfpg'xf];\ .
-v_ ljlzi6Ls[t ;+:yfx¿sf] ultljlw ke| fjsf/L agfpg s] ugk{' nf{ ;e' mfj lbg'xf];\ .
-u_ ;o+ 'St /fi6« ;ª3\ sf ljlzi6Lst[ ;:+ yfdWo] ;ae} Gbf a9L dxTTjk0" f{ s'g xf] < tså{ f/f

sf/0f kl' i6 ug{x' f;] \ .

;fdb' flos sfo{
tkfOsF{ f] :yfgLo :t/df ;o+ 'St /fi6« ;ª3\ Lo sfo{jm| d ;~rfng ePsf] xg' 'k5{ . pSt sfo{j|mdaf/]
vfh] L u/L k|ltjb] g tof/ kfg'x{ f;] \ .
Currriculum
Development Centre

;fdflhs cWoog, sIff !) 231

Currriculumkf7 M ltg ;o+ S' t /fi6« ;ª\3df gk] fnsf] e"ldsf
Development Centre
;o+ 'St /fi6« ;ª3\ ljZjJofkL ;ª\u7g
xf] . o;sf !(# /fi6«x¿ ;b:o 5g\ .
bf];f| ] ljZjob' \wkl5 g]kfnn] klg afxo\
ljZj;Fusf] cfˆgf] ;DaGw lj:tf/sf
nflu k|of; ;?' u¥of] . To;n} ] ;g\
!($& df g]kfnn] an] fotl:yt
bt" fjf;dfkm{t ;+o'St /fi6« ;ª\3sf]
;b:otf k|fKt ug{ kxn u¥of] . ;g\
!($* df g]kfnn] ;b:otfsf nflu
cfj]bg lbO{ ;g\ !(%% l8;D] a/ !$ df
;b:otf kf| Kt u/]sf] lyof] .

g]kfnn] ;b:otf k|flKtkZrft\ ;+o'St
/fi6« ;ª\3sf] ljZj zflGt :yfkgf
ug{] sfo{df dxTTjk0" f{ ofu] bfg k¥' ofPsf]
5 . g]kfnn] ;o+ 'St /fi6« ;ª\3nfO{
cGt/f{li6«o zflGt sfod ug{ zflGt
;g] f k7fP/ ;xof]u ul//x]sf] 5 . g]kfn ;g\ !(^(/ &) tyf ;g\ !(**/*( df bO' { jifs{ f
nflu ;/' Iff kl/ifbs\ f] c:yfoL ;b:odf lgjf{lrt eof] . o;u} /L gk] fnsf kl| tlglw ;+oS' t
/fi6« ;ª3\ cGtut{ ;'/Iff kl/ifbs\ f] ;xfos dxf;lrjdf ;dt] lgoS' t ePsf 5g\ .

gk] fn ;+oS' t /fi6« ;ª3\ sf] ;g\ !(%*, !(^*, !(&), !(&$, !(&%, !(*#, !(*$, !(** /
@))! df pkfWoIfdf lgjfl{ rt eof] . ljleGg ;dodf g]kfnn] ;fdflhs tyf cfly{s ;ldltdf
;b:o tyf og' :] sfs] f] ;b:o h:tf kbdf /xL sfd ul/;s]sf] 5 . ;g\ !(%^ df ;f]leot ;]gfn]
xªu\ /] Ldf u/s] f] x:tIf]k lj?b\w g]kfnn] vn' ]/ lj/f]w u/]sf] lyof] . an] fotn] blIf0f clk|msfdf
u/s] f] /ªe]b lj?b\w bafa lbg cfu|x ub}{ /ªeb] lj/f]wL ;ldltdf g]kfn ;o+ fh] s eO{ sfd
ul/Psf] lyof] . ;g\ !(%^ df ld>dfly ePsf] cfj|md0fdf g]kfnn] cfjfh p7fof] . ;g\ !(^& df
Oh/fonn] c/adfly u/]sf] cfjm| d0fsf] lj/f]w u¥of] . ;g\ !(&* df n]agfg ;ªs\ 6sf] ;dfwfg
ug{ ;o+ 'St /fi6« ;ª3\ sf] zflGt;]gfsf ¿kdf gk] fnL ;g] fnfO{ v6fOof] . ToxfF xfn;Dd klg g]kfnL
;g] f sfo{/t 5g\ . o:t} ;g\ !((@/(# df zflGt :yfkgfsf nflu sDaf]l8of / ou' f:] nfleofdf
g]kfnL ;]gf tg} fy ul/Psf] 5 . ;g\ !(($ b]lv g]kfnL ;g] fn] x}6Ldf zflGt :yfkgfsf nflu
sfd ul//xs] f 5g\ . g]kfnn] lgMz:qLs/0fsf nflu klg ;lj|mo e"ldsf lgjfx{ u/]sf] 5 .
g]kfnn] e"kl/j]li7t /fi6s« f] xslxtsf nflu cfjfh p7fpFb} cfPsf] 5 . ;+o'St /fi6« ;ª3\ n]

232 ;fdflhs cWoog, sIff !)

ab' \w hoGtLnfO{ zflGt lbj;sf ¿kdf dgfpg] u/s] f] 5 . g]kfnn] ;o+ S' t /fi6« ;ª\3leq /x/]
hlxn] klg ;fdf| Hojfbsf] pGdn" g / pjlgj]zjfbsf] cGTosf nflu kxn tyf lj:tf/jfb, gj
pklgjz] jfb, x:tIf]k cflbsf] ;bj} lj/fw] ub{} cfPsf] 5 .

ljm| ofsnfk
!= ev/{ } zflGt ;]gfdf vl6O{ lkmtf{ ePsf Ps hgf g]kfnL ;g] f jf ;f];DaGwL hfgsf/

JolStnfO{ e6] g\ 'xf;] \ . zflGt ;]gfn] s] s] sfox{ ¿ ug{k' 5{ egL pxfnF fO{ ;f]Wg'xf];\ /
hjfkmnfO{ sIffdf k:| t't ug'x{ f;] \ .
@= ;o+ 'St /fi6« ;ª\3n] gk] fndf zflGt :yfkgfy{ s] s:tf] ;xof]u pknAw u/fPsf] lyof] <
;f]wk5' Pjd\ cWoog u/L sIffdf 5nkmn ug'x{ f];\ .

cEof;
-s_ ;+oS' t /fi6« ;ª3\ df g]kfnn] u/]sf] of]ubfgdfly rrf{ ugx'{ f];\ .
-v_ gk] fnL zflGt ;]gfsf af/d] f a]nf a]nfdf k|Zg p7fpg] ul/Psf] 5 . cGo bz] sf dfdnfdf

zflGt ;]gf k7fpg' pko'St 5 jf 5g} < cfˆgf] bl[ i6sf]0f k|:t't ug{x' f];\ .
-u_ ;+oS' t /fi6« ;ª\3df g]kfnsf] el" dsfkl| t tkfOF{ ;Gt'i6 x'gx' G' 5 jf xg' x' G' g, cfˆgf] b[li6sf]0f

aFb' fut ¿kdf k|:t't ugx{' f];\ .
-3_ ;o+ S' t /fi6« ;ª\3sf] ;b:otf kf| Kt ug{ gk] fnn] u/]sf] ko| f; pNn]v ug{x' f];\ .
-ª_ ek" l/jl] i7t /fi6s« f] xslxtsf nflu ;+oS' t /fi6« ;ª\3sf] e"ldsfk|lt tkfOF{sf] cfˆgf]

b[li6sf]0f a'bF fut ¿kdf k|:tt' ug'{xf;] \ .
Currriculum
Development Centre

;fdflhs cWoog, sIff !) 233

Currriculumkf7 M rf/ gk] fndf ;+oS' t /fi6« ;ª\3sf ultljlwx¿
Development Centre
;o+ S' t /fi6« ;ª3\ n] gk] fnsf] ljsf;df dxTTjk0" f{ ofu] bfg lbbF } cfPsf] 5 . gk] fnsf] ;fdflhs, cflys{ ,
efl} ts tyf ;z' f;gnufotsf Ifq] df o;n] ljzi] f el" dsf vN] b} cfPsf] 5 . ;o+ S' t /fi6« ;ª3\ n]
gk] fnsf] ljsf;df vn] s] f] el" dsfnfO{ lgDgcg;' f/ k:| tt' ug{ ;lsG5 M

!= ;+o'St /fi6« ;ª3\ Lo afnsf]if ( U in t e d N a t i sno E m e r ge cn y C hi l rd e n F ud)n

;+oS' t /fi6« ;ª\3Lo afnsfi] f afn clwsf/ ;DaGwL dxf;lGwsf cfwf/df afn clwsf/sf]
jsfnt ug]{ ;+:yf xf] . g]kfndf o; ;:+ yfn] ;g\ !(^$ bl] v sfd ub{} cfPsf] 5 . ;+;f/df
;~rflnt o;sf ljljw sfoj{ m| dx¿df g]kfn klg d'Vo kf| yldstfdf k5{ . o; ;+:yfn]
gk] fndf u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yf tyf ;d'bfo;uF ldn]/ Affn tyf dlxnf clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f tyf
;+jw{g ug]{ / kfi] f0f, afn :ofxf/, :jf:Yo tyf jftfj/0f lZfIff / H I V / A I D S ;Fu ;DalGwt
sfoj{ |md ;~rfng ug{] cflb sfd u/]sf] 5 .
@= sl[ if ljsf;sf nflu cGt/fl{ i6o« sf]if ( I nt e r na t i o an l F nud f or A rg i c ul t ru e

D e ev l mpo e tn )

g]kfnn] sl[ if If]qsf] ljsf;sf nflu cGt/fl{ i6«o sfi] fsf] ;b:otf ;g\ !(&* df k|fKt u¥of] . o;
;:+ yfn] ljleGg !@ cf6] f kl/ofh] gfsf nflu ;xof]u pknAw u/fpbF } cfPsf] 5 . o;n] u|fdL0f
tyf kxf8L If]qsf] ljsf;df ljleGg sfo{j|mdx¿ ;~rfng u/]sf] 5 . o;n] ul/a, el" dxLg
tyf cflbjf;L hghfltx¿ / dlxnfx¿nfO{ nlIft u/L sfo{j|md ;~rfng u5{ . o; sf]ifn]
;/sf/;uF sf] ;xsfo{df C0f tyf cgb' fg ;xofu] pknAw u/fp5F . uf| dL0f Pjd\ ljkGg dlxnf
tyf k'?ifnfO{ ;zStLs/0f u/]/ cfDbfgLdf jb[ l\ w ug{ / vfb\o ;/' Iffdf hf8] lbg' o; ;:+ yfsf
d'Vo nIo xg' \ .

#= cGt/f{li6o« >d ;ª\u7g ( I nt e r an t i ano l L a uorb O r ga ni z a t i on)

gk] fnn] ;g\ !(^^ df o; ;+:yfsf] ;b:otf k|fKt u¥of] . g]kfndf nfdf] ;dobl] v sfo{/t o;
;:+ yfn] /f]huf/L kj| w{g u/L ul/aL lgjf/0f ug],{ cfb} \of]lus ;DaGw ;w' f/ / >d k|zf;g nfu' ufg,{]
afn>d / aFwj' f dhb/' nfO{ :jtGq agfpg], >ldssf] sfo{:yndf ;'wf/ ug]{ cflb sfoj{ |mdx¿
;~rfng ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . o;sf] s]Gb|Lo sfof{no l:j6h\ /NofG8sf] hg] ]efdf /x]sf] 5 . o;
;:+ yfnfO{ ;g\ !(^( df gfa] ]n zflGt k/' :sf/ kb| fg ul/Psf] lyof] .

$= Pr=cfO{=eL=÷P8\; ;DaGwL ;+oS' t /fi6« ;ª3\ Lo sfoj{ m| d ( U in t e d N a t i ons

P r org a m m e f or H I V / A I D S )

o; sfoj{ m| dcGtut{ ;o+ S' t /fi6« ;ª3\ Lo cfjf;Lo ;+of]hsn] ;/sf/ tyf cfGtl/s / afxo\
;ª\3;+:yf;uF ldn/] sfo{ u5g{ \ . o; ;+:yfn] Pr=cfO={ eL= /f]syfdsf nflu …zG" o Pr=cfO={ eL

234 ;fdflhs cWoog, sIff !)

Currriculum;ªj\ m| d0f, z"Go ljeb] / zG" o Pr=cfO={ eL=n] xg' ] dT[ oÚ' eGg] b[li6sf0] f k|:tt' u/L sfo{ ;~rfng
Development Centreul//xs] f] 5 .

%= ;o+ 'St /fi6« ;ª3\ Lo hg;ªV\ of sfi] f ( U n i t e d N a t i nos P pluo a t i on F d)nu

o; ;+:yfn] ;g\ !(&! bl] v g]kfndf ;xof]u ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . xfn !* lhNnfdf o; ;:+ yfsf
ultljlwx¿ ;~rflnt 5g\ . o; ;+:yfn] :jf:Yo If]q, n}ªl\ us lx+;f / 3/kl/jf/ tyf hgu0fgfsf
Ifq] df ;xof]u pknAw u/fpF5 .

^= ;o+ S' t /fi6« ;ª3\ Lo k'h“ L ljsf; sfi] f ( U in t e d N a t i osn C a ip t a l D e ve l omp e nt

F n)ud

o; ;+:yfn] :yfgLo ljsf;df ljs]Gb|Ls/0f, ;xeflutfdn" s bl[ i6sf0] f / kf| sl[ ts ;|f]t
Joj:yfkgsf] k|jwg{ ug{ ;xofu] u5{ . o;n] :yfgLo lgsfosf] ;:+ yfut Ifdtf clejb[ l\ w ug{
;3fp k¥' ofp5F . o;n] :yfgLo :t/df :t/Lo ;j] f k'¥ofpg dbt u5{ .

&= ;+oS' t /fi6« ;ª\3Lo dfgj a;fa] f; sfo{jm| d ( U ni t e d N a t i sno H um a n S e t t l e m e nt

P r gor a m m e )

o; ;+:yfsf] :yfkgf ;g\ !(&* df ePsf] xf] . o;n] dfgj a;fa] f; ;DaGwL ljleGg 3fi] f0ffx¿sf]
cfwf/df o; Ifq] df sfd ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . o;sf] pb\bZ] o kmfx] f/] a:tLdf a;fa] f; ug]{ dflg;x¿sf]
cj:yfdf ;w' f/ Nofpg' xf] . o;n] @)^% ;fndf sf];L gbLdf cfPsf] af9Ldf kLl8tnfO{ ;xof]u
u/]sf] lyof] .

o;sf sfox{ ¿

-s_ jsfnt, cg'udg / ;femb] f/L
-v_ ;xefuLtfdn" s ;x/L of]hgf, Joj:yfkg / Zff;g
-u_ Jfftfj/0fLo b[li6n] pko'St k"jf{wf/ / ;]jf
-3_ ;'b9[ dfgj a:tL ljTt k|0ffnL .

*= ;+oS' t /fi6« ;ª\3Lo :jod\ ;j] s sfo{j|md ( U ni t e d N a t i son V lo tnu e e r s P r o -

gr a m m e )

o; ;:+ yfn] ;g\ !(&$ bl] v g]kfndf cfˆgf sfoj{ m| d ;~rfng ub{} cfPsf] 5 . o;df ;o+ S' t
/fi6« ;ª\3Lo :jod\ ;]jsn] gk] fndf ;j] f k|bfg u/s] f 5g\ .
(= ;o+ 'St /fi6« ;ª3\ df dlxnf ( U N W mo e n)
;g\ @)!@ df g]kfndf U N dlxnf sfofn{ o :yfkgf ePsf] xf] . o; ;+:yfn] dlxnf lx;+ f lj?bw\ ,
zflGt ;/' Iff, g]tT[ j Ifdtf / ;xeflutf, cfly{s ;zStLs/0f, /fli6o« of]hgf / ah6] sf If]qdf
;xof]u pknAw u/fpF5 .

;fdflhs cWoog, sIff !) 235

Currriculum!)= ljZj vfbo\ sfoj{ |md ( W ro l d F od P r ogr a m m e )
Development CentreljZj vfbo\ sfoj{ |mdsf ultljlwx¿ xfn #@ cf6] f lhNnfdf ;~rfngdf 5g\ . o;n] Ifq] Lo
sfof{no bds, g]kfnu~h / 88]Nw/' fdf :yfkgf u/s] f] 5 . o; ;:+ yfn] lgDg lnlvt Ifq] nfO{
k|fyldstfdf /fv]/ sfoj{ m| d ;~rfng u/s] f] 5 M

-s_ tLj| efs] d/Lsf] /f]syfd / cfsl:ds vfbo\ fGg pknAw u/fpg]
-v_ bL3{sfnLg vfbo\ ;/' Iff
-u_ k|efjsf/L vfb\o tyf kf]if0f /0fgLlt
-3_ ljsf; lgdf{0fdf ;xeflutf .
!!= ljZj :jf:Yo ;ª\u7g ( W ro l d H e a l t h P r rog a m )
ljZj :jf:Yo ;ª\u7gn] :jf:Yo tyf hg;ª\Vof dGqfno;uF ldn]/ ljleGg sfoj{ m| dx¿ ;~rfng
u5{ . o; ;+:yfn] :jf:Yosf If]qdf k|fljlws ;xof]u pknAw u/fp5F . cfi} fwL pkrf/ ;DaGwL
cg;' Gwfgdf ;xofu] u5{ . o;n] :jf:Yo ;j] fsf] kj| wg{ ug{,] kh| gg :jf:Yo ;DaGwL sfoj{ |md
;~rfng ug]{ h:tf sfoj{ m| d ;~rfng u5{ .
lj|mofsnfk
tkfOF{sf] :yfgLo ;db' fodf ;~rflnt ljleGg sfoj{ |mddf ;+oS' t /fi6« ;ª\3;Fu ;DalGwt
s'g ;+:yfsf] ;+nUgtf 5 < vfh] L u/L sIffdf k:| tt' ug'x{ f];\ .
cEof;
-s_ ;+o'St /fi6« ;ª3\ Lo ljsf; sfo{jm| dn] s] s:tf sfo{jm| dx¿ ;~rfng u/]sf] 5 < ;r" L
agfpg'xf];\ .
-v_ ;+o'St /fi6« ;ª\3Lo dfgj a;f]af; sfoj{ |mdsf] ;fGbles{ tfaf/] rrf{ ug'x{ f];\ .
-u_ s[lif ljsf;sf nflu cGt/f{li6o« sf]ifn] ;~rfng ug]{ sfo{jm| dnfO{ cem ke| fjsf/L agfpg
s] ug{'knf{ < sg' } rf/ cf6] f ;e' mfj lbg'xf];\ .
-3_ g]kfndf sfo/{ t ljleGg cGt/fl{ i6«o u/} ;/sf/L ;+:yfsf] ;"rL agfpgx' f];\ .
-ª_ sl[ if ljsf;sf nflu cGt/fl{ i6o« sf]ifsf ultljlw k|efjsf/L agfpg] pkfox¿ ;dfjz]
u/L pSt ;:+ yfsf] gk] fn sfofn{ onfO{ n]Vg] lr7Lsf] gdg' f tof/ kfg{'xf];\ .
;fd'bflos sfo{
;o+ S' t /fi6« ;ª3\ åf/f ;~rflnt sg' } cfofh] gfsf] e|d0f u/L s] s;/L ;~rfng ePsf] 5 <
;"rgf ;ª\sng ugx'{ f];\ / ToxL cfwf/df k|ltjb] g tof/ kfg{x' f];\ .

236 ;fdflhs cWoog, sIff !)

kf7 M kf“r ;d;fdlos 36gf / ltgsf] k|efj

;d;fdlos 36gf ljZjdf g} cflys{ , ;fdflhs, jftfj/0fLo / /fhgLlts k|efj kfg{] jtd{ fgCurrriculum
;dodf 36]sf 36gfx¿ x'g\ . oL 36gf ax'kIfLo xG' 5g\ . sg' } hnjfo' kl/jt{g;Fu ;DalGwtDevelopment Centre
xG' 5g\ t sg' } ljkt;\ Fu . To:t} sg' } 36gf ob' \w;Fu t sg' } zflGt / lgz:qLs/0f;uF ;DalGwt
xG' 5g\ . o:tf sx] L ;d;fdlos 36gfx¿ tn k:| tt' ul/Psf 5g\ M

-s_ lbuf] ljsf;

jftfj/0fnfO{ glauf/Lsg efjL k:' tf cyf{t\ ;GtltnfO{ klg k|fs[lts ;f| t] sf] pkof]u ug{ kfpg]
u/L ul/g] ljsf; lbuf] ljsf; xf] . of] cjwf/0ff ;g\ !(() sf] bzsaf6 ;'? ePsf] xf] . o;sf]
kd| v' nIo k[YjL / o;df lglxt ;|ft] Pjd\ ;fwgsf] ;/+ If0f;Fu ;DalGwt 5 . ;g\ @)!% df
ljZjsf ;/sf/ k|d'vsf] e]nfn] kh| ftGq, ;z' f;g tyf sfgg' sf] zf;gnfO{ lbuf] ljsf;sf]
dfkb08 dfgs] f] 5 . lbuf] ljsf;sf] cjwf/0ffnfO{ cfTd;ft\ ug{ g;s] jftfj/0fLo x|f; /
k|fsl[ ts ljklTt jf ;ª\s6 l;hg{ f xG' 5 . ;fy} pknAw ;|f]t ;fwg l/lTtgfn] efjL k':tfn] o:tf
;f| ]t / ;fwgsf] pkof]u ug{ kfpFbg} g\ .

-v_ lg/:qLs/0f

lgz:qLs/0f xft xltof/sf] ;Lldt k|of]u ug{] jf 36fpg] cjwf/0ff xf] . o;cGtut{ k/fDk/fut
xft xltof/sf] ;Gt'lnt s6f}tL, k/df0f' adx¿sf] lj;h{g h:tf ljifox¿ k5{g\ . ljleGg
ks| f/sf h}ljs tyf ch}ljs xft xltof/sf] pTkfbgn] ljZjnfO{ q:t agfPsf] 5 . ljZje/df
kT| os] jif{ sl/a @ ca{ 8n/ a/fa/sf] ;;fgf xft xltof/sf] j}wflgs Jofkf/ x'G5 eg] !
ca{ 8n/ a/fa/sf] cj}w cf;] f/kf];f/ x'g] u5{ . sltko xft xltof/x¿ a;f;F{} Dd klg ;lj|mo
¿kn] lj:kmf6] eO/xG5g\ . ;+oS' t /fi6« ;ª\3sf] :yfkgf;Fu} cGt/f{li6o« zflGt ;'/Iff sfod ug{
lgz:qLs/0f / xft xltof/sf] ;Lldttfsf nflu ;ljm| o ¿kdf sfo{ eO/xs] f] 5 . o:tf xft
xltof/sf] k|ofu] / cf];f/kf;] f/n] dfgj cl:tTjnfO{ ;ª\s6df kf/]sf] 5 .

-u_ cftª\sjfb

cftªs\ jfb ljZjsf nflu csf]{ r'gft} L ePsf] 5 . sg' } klg /fhgLlts, ;fdflhs, cfly{s jf cGo
pbb\ Z] o k/' f ug{ hgdfg;df lx;+ fsf] k|of]u ug'{ g} cftªs\ jfb xf] . dflg;x¿nfO{ eolet agfP/
:jfy{ k'/f ug{ o:tf cftª\s kmN} ofpg] ;dx" x¿ ;ljm| o xG' 5g\ . cdl] /sfsf] Go'ofs] { tyf km| fG;sf]
k]l/;df ePsf] 36gfnfO{ cftª\ssf/L 36gf dfGg ;lsG5 . cftª\sjfbL ultljlwn] l;l/of
cfj|mfGt 5 . ckmuflg:tfg o;s} rk]6fdf 5 . o;af6 k|Tos] jif{ ljZjdf ;ofF}sf] ;ª\Vofdf
dflg;x¿ dg]{ u/]sf 5g\ . ljleGg Ifq] Lo tyf cGt/f{li6«o ;ª3\ ;+:yfx¿n] cftª\sjfb cGTo
ug{ kl| tabw\ tf JoSt u/] klg cGTo x'g ;s]sf] 5g} .

;fdflhs cWoog, sIff !) 237

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hldgd'lg cyjf ;d'b|leq /flvPsf] lj:kmf6] s kbfyx{ ¿ lj:kmf6] gsf sf/0f 7'nf] ;ªV\ ofdf
dflg;x¿n] Hofg ud' fpg'k5{ . o;/L lj:kmf]6gaf6 lgbf{]if dflg;sf] d[To' / cªu\ eªu\ x'G5 .
cfw'lgs kl| jlw;uF } o:tf lj:kmf6] s ;fdu|Lx¿sf] ;xh kxFr' k'us] f] kfOG5 . o;n] ubf{ lgbf]{if
afn aflnsf, dlxnf / hgfj/x¿ o:tf lj:kmf6] sf] l;sf/ xg' ] u/]sf] kfOG5 . o;af6 ;dfhdf
gsf/fTds k|efj k/]sf] kfOG5 . To;n} ] ;o+ 'St /fi6« ;ª3\ Lo Ph]G;Lx¿ tyf sfoj{ m| dx¿n]
cfly{s tyf kf| ljlws ;xofu] u/L cfjZos ;r" gf lbO/xs] f 5g\ . xfdLx¿ klg o:tf ljifodf
;r]t x'g cfjZos 5 .

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ljZj clxn] cgf}7f] hg;ªV\ ofsf] cj:yfaf6 ul' h/| x]sf] 5 . 36\bf] kh| gg b/n] ubf{ !) jif{eGbf
dflysf] hg;ª\Vof a9L 5g\ . clxn] ^$% a'9fkfsfx¿ sd ljsl;t Ifq] df a;f]af; u5{g\ .
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;g\ !(*@ sf] ;+o'St /fi6« ;ª3\ sf] ;fwf/0f ;efn] jb[ \wx¿;uF ;DalGwt ^@ aF'b] 3f]if0ff kq
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kf| yldstf lbg'kg]{ ts{ k|:tt' ul/Psf] 5 . g]kfndf j[b\wj[b\wfsf] ;Ddfg ug{ ;fdflhs ;'/Iff
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;sf/fTds ;fr] ljsf; ug{' h?/L 5 .

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k/df0f' zlStsf] pTkfbg / ko| fu] csf]{ hl6n ;d;fdlos 36gfsf ¿kdf ljsf; xFb' } 5 . O/fg
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k|ofu] nfO{ x¥] ofF} eg] ;g\ !($% df hfkfgsf v;flnPsf] P6d adaf6 ;'? x'G5 . To;n} ] k/df0f'
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sfo{sf nflu pkof]u ug{k' 5{ .

-5_ ;ª\j|mldt /f]ux¿

xfn dfgj :jf:Yo;Fu ;DalGwt ljleGg ;d:ofx¿ bv] f kg{
yfns] f 5g\ . ljleGg k|sf/sf /fu] x¿, h:t} M Oaf]nf, P8;\ ,
;f;,{ df;{, :jfOg kmn\ ,' lhsf efO/;, l;sn;n] Plgldof cflb
hl6n ;fdflhs ;d:ofsf ¿kdf ljsf; ePsf 5g\ . o:tf
;d:ofx¿ hl6n aGb} uP/ dfxfdf/Lsf] ¿k lng yfln;s]sf
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sl/a $@ bz] df ke| fj kfl/;ss] f] 5 . o;n] dfgj hLjgdf

lhsf efO/;

238 ;fdflhs cWoog, sIff !)

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;d:ofx¿ bv] f k5{g\ . jf:tjdf xfdLn] hlt sd xflgsf/s UofF;x¿ pTkfbg u5f},{F Tolt g}
cf]hfg] txsf] ;/+ If0f xG' 5 . ljZjJofkL tfkdfgsf jb[ \lwn] dflg;sf hLjg / h}ljs ljljwtfdf
gsf/fTds k|efj kf5{ . lxpn] 9fs]sf ee" fu sfnf kxf8 x'g uPsf 5g\ . hnjfo' kl/jtg{ n]
cDnLo jiff{ x'g] ljkbx¿ l;hg{ f eO{ ljleGg dxfdf/L cfpg ;S5 . To;}n] :jR5 jftfj/0f
l;hg{ f, hl} js ljljwtfsf] ;+/If0f / hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf sf/0f, c;/ tyf o;nfO{ Go"gLs/0f
ug{ ;rt] x'g h?/L 5 .

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!= tkfOFs{ f] ;d'bfodf slt hgf JolStx¿ ;f7L jife{ Gbf dflysf x'gx' 'G5 < pxfxF ¿n] s]

s:tf ;d:of efU] gk' /s] f] 5 < 5nkmn u/L sIffdf k|:tt' ug'x{ f];\ .

@= kq klqsf jf /]l8ofa] f6 kz| fl/t ;dfrf/x¿af6 ;d;fdlos 36gf ;ªs\ ng ugx{' f];\ /
sIffdf k|:tt' ugx{' f];\ .

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ugx{' G' 5 < 5nkmn ug'{xf];\ .

$= lj:kmf6] s kbfys{ f] ko| fu] af6 x'g] gsf/fTds c;/ pNn]v u/L sg' } /fli6o« klqsfsf nflu
;DkfbsLo tof/ kfgx{' f];\ .

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-s_ ;d;fdlos 36gf eGgfn] s] al' emG5 < jtd{ fg ljZjsf ;d;fdlos 36gfx¿sf] ;"rL

agfpg'xf;] \ .

-v_ cftª\sjfb egs] f] s] xf] < cftªs\ jfb cGTo s;/L xf]nf < a'bF fut ¿kdf rrf{
ug'{xf;] \ .

-u_ lhsf efO/;sf] c;/ /fS] g] pkfox¿ af/d] f rrf{ ug'x{ f];\ .

-3_ cfh] fg] txsf] ljgfzaf6 xg' ] rf/ cf6] f c;/x¿ n]Vg'xf];\ .

-ª_ :jR5 jftfj/0f sfod ug{ g]kfndf s] ko| f;x¿ ePsf 5g\ < ;"rL lgdf{0f ugx{' f;] \ .

;fdb' flos sfo{

hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf sf/0f, k|efj / /fS] g] pkfoaf/] :yfgLo ab' l\ whLjL;uF cGt/ljm| of u/L
k|ltjb] g tof/ kfg'x{ f];\ .

;fdflhs cWoog, sIff !) 239

kf7 M 5 ljZjJofkLs/0f / :yfgLos/0f

s'g} klg j:t' tyf ;]jfsf] ljZj kl/j]zdf ul/g] k|of]u Pjd\ ;~rfng kl| j|mof ljZjJofkLs/0fCurrriculum
xf] . Jofks bl[ i6sf]0fdf ljZjJofkLs/0f ljZj cyt{ Gq, ;+:sl[ t / /fhgLltnfO{ hf]8\g] Pp6fDevelopment Centre
k|ljm| of xf] . bz] x¿larsf] ef}uf]lns ;Ldfgf la:tf/} x/fpFb} uPsf] 5 / ljZj Pp6f ufpsF f]
¿kdf ¿kfGtl/t ePsf] 5 . CUj]bn] klg ljZjnfO{ Pp6f uF'8sf ¿kdf k:| t't u/s] f] 5 .
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u/s] f 5g\ .

cy{tGq, ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ / dfgjLo cfsfªI\ ffx¿ cGt/;DalGwt d'b\bf xg' \ . ljrf/, j:t' tyf
;j] fx¿sf] :jtGq kj| fx x'g yfn]sf] 5 . ;"rgf k|ljlwsf] tLj| ljsf; / lj:tf/n] ;+;f/nfO{ glhs
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cflys{ k0| ffnLn] ljZjJofkLs/0fnfO{ g} Oª\lut u5{ . jt{dfg ;Gbed{ f ljZjJofkLs/0f dn" tM
cfly{s kIf;Fu ;DalGwt 5 . o;sf] ke| fj /fhgLlts, ;fdflhs / ;f:+ sl[ ts kIf;uF hf]l8Psf]
5 . o;/L JolSt j:t', ;]jf, kF'hL / ;"rgfsf] /fli6«o ;Ldf kf/ u/]/ x'g] :jtGq kl/rfng g}
ljZjJofkLs/0f xf] .

ljZjJofkLs/0f ;DaGwL cjwf/0ff cfw'lgs dfGotf dfq} xf]Og of] j}lbs dfGotf klg xf] .
o;sf] ;'?cft la;fF} ztfAbLsf] dWoaf6 ;?' ePsf] dfGg ;lsG5 . cem zLtob' w\ sf] cGtkl5
;g\ !(() sf] bzsdf ljsf; ePsf] bl[ i6sf0] fn] ;+;f/nfO{ a9L ke| fljt kf¥of] . k|hftfGqLs/0f,
lghLs/0f, dfgj clwsf/, :jtGqtf, ahf/Ls/0f h:tf cjwf/0ff ljsl;t b]zdf pTklTt eP/
jm| dzM ljsf;fG] dv' bz] x¿df lj:tf/ xg' yfn] . cfly{s b[li6sf0] fn] klZrdL /fi6«x¿n] cjnDag
u/s] f cjwf/0ffnfO{ ljsf;fG] dv' b]zx¿n] ckgfpg'kg]{ kl/l:ylt ljZjJofkLs/0fn] l;h{gf u/]sf]
xf] eGg ;lsG5 . ;f+:sl[ ts, k/Dk/f / dN" o dfGotfdf klg o;sf] ke| fj Jofks aGb} uPsf]
kfOG5 . ljZjJofkLs/0fsf] k|lj|mofdf ljb]zL ;xofu] , cfd ;~rf/sf ;fwgx¿, ax/' fli6o«
sDkgLx¿, cGt/f{li6o« cflys{ ;ª\3 ;:+ yfx¿, ko{6s, kl| jlw, lzIff, dfgj clwsf/, /fhgLlt,
s'6gLlt cflbn] k|ToIf jf ckT| oIf ¿kdf ;xof]u k'¥ofO/xs] f 5g\ .

ljZjJofkLs/0fsf] ke| fj sd ljsl;t / ljsf;fG] d'v bz] df a9L kb5{ . To;n} ] To:tf /fi6«x¿df
ahf/sf] kxr'F df j[b\lw, k|ljlwsf] ljsf;, ;f| ]t ;fwgsf] kl/rfng cflbdf 6j] f k'u]sf] 5 .

ljZjJofkLs/0fn] Psflt/ cj;/ l;hg{ f u/s] f] 5 eg] csfl{ t/ k/lge/{ tf klg a9fO/x]sf] 5 .
To;}n] o;sf] k|efjnfO{ lgDgfg;' f/ pNn]v ug{ ;lsG5 M

240 ;fdflhs cWoog, sIff !)

;sf/fTds k|efj (;an kIf) gsf/fTds ke| fj (ba' n{ kIf)

ljsl;t b]zx¿sf] aflx/L ljZj;uF ;DaGw lj1fg / k|ljlwaf6 sd ljsl;t bz] sf

;w' f/ u/L cfly{s j[bl\ w ug{, ul/aL 36fpg / dflg;x¿ t'ngfTds ¿kdf sd nfeflGjt
Jofkf/ c;Gtn' g sd ug{ ;xof]u ku' s] f] 5 . xG' 5g\ .

jb} ]lzs ;xofu] df j[b\lw eO{ u'0f:t/Lo lzIff :yfgLo ;:+ sl[ t, k/Dk/f, d"No / dfGotfdf

/ :jf:Yo ;'ljwfdf la:tf/ ePsf] 5 . x|f; cfO{ cGwfw'Gb ljbz] L ;:+ sl[ t / k/Dk/f

cjnDag ug]{ kj| [lTt a9\5 .
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OG6/g]6 h:tf dfWodaf6 ljsl;t /fi6s« f] k/lge{/tf a9\g uO{ sdhf]/ /fi6«x¿sf
snf ;:+ sl[ t, /fhgLlt tyf cGo ljifodf cfjfh cem sdhf]/ xg' kU' 5 .

hfgsf/L k|fKt x'G5 .

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e'StfgL ;Gtn' g, kFh' Lsf] k|jfx ljsl;t /fi6«x¿df bIf hgzlStsf] cefj
j}b]lzs nufgLdf jb[ \lw, >ldsx¿sf] xG' 5 .
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ljsf; x'g ;xof]u k'us] f] 5 .

Jofkf/df cGt/f{li6o« k|lt:kwf{ eO{ sd nfu' kbfys{ f] cf];f/k;f/, xft xltof/sf]

d"Nodf u0' f:t/Lo j:ts' f] pkofu] ug{ ;Sg] ko| fu] , ;fdflhs ljrng, ;ª\jm| fds

jftfj/0f l;hg{ f ePsf] 5 . /f]ux¿sf] ;ª\jm| d0fdf j[bl\ w x'g ;S5 .

/fi6« /fi6«lar ljb\odfg c;dembf/L cGTo ax'/fli6o« sDkgLsf] lj:tf/n] /fli6o«

eO{ zflGt ;/' Iffdf ;xofu] ku' ]sf] 5 . cyt{ Gqdf ke| fj kg{ ;S5 . wgL /

ul/alar ;f| ]t ;fwgdf xg' ] kx'Frsf]
c;dfgtfn] cem a9L b/' L a9fpg ;S5 .

ljleGg ljsl;t b]zdf pknAw ;]jf wgL bz] x¿n] c;Ifd /fi6x« ¿dfly ljleGg

tyf ;'ljwfsf] kj| fxn] ljsf;f]Gd'v b]zsf dfWodaf6 cfˆgf ljrf/ Pjd\ bl[ i6sf0] f cjnDag

dflg;x¿sf] hLjg :t/df ;'wf/ cfPsf] 5 . ug{ bafa lbg] cj:yf l;hg{ f xg' ;S5 .

:yfgLos/0f

gk] fnL zAbsfz] n] :yfgLos/0fnfO{ k|zf;lgs ljsG] bL| s/0fsf] cyd{ f kl/eflift u/]sf] 5 .
zflAbs cyd{ f :yfgLos/0fn] sg' } klg ljifo, pTkfbg jf ;j] fnfO{ lglZrt 7fpFdf ;Lldt kfg'{
eGg] al' emG5 . :yfgLos/0fn] Pp6f 7fpF ljz]ifnfO{ pRr kf| yldstfdf /fV5 . o;n] :yfgLo
snf ;+:sl[ t, ji] fe"iff, /Llt l/jfh / dN" o dfGotfsf] k|jwg{ df hf]8 lbG5 . :yfgLo dflg;x¿sf]
ljrf/, b[li6sf0] f, OR5f / ;f]rnfO{ kf| yldstf lbOgk' g{] dfGotf cl3 ;f/s] f] 5 . ;"rgf k|ljlwsf]
kx'Fr :yfgLo :t/;Dd k¥' ofO{ 1fgdf cfwfl/t ;dfh ljsf;df :yfgLos/0fn] hf8] lbG5 . gjLg
cfljisf/nfO{ :yfgLo l;k / kl| jlwdf cfwfl/t agfpgk' g]{ tyf To;s} cfwf/df k/Dk/fut dN" o,

dfGotf / ;:+ sl[ tsf] klxrfgdf hf]8 lbG5 .

;fdflhs cWoog, sIff !) 241

;ª\3Lo k0| ffnLn] :yfgLos/0fsf] dxTTjnfO{ cem a9fPsf] 5 . o;n] /fhgLltdf gful/ssf] k|ToIf
;xeflutf, :yfgLo txdf ;j] f ljt/0f, :yfgLo Ifq] sf] cfly{s ;fdflhs ljsf; / /fhgLltsf]
:yfgLos/0fdf dxTTj lbPsf] kfOG5 . jf:tjdf :yfgLos/0f eg]sf] df}lnstfsf] ;/+ If0f
xf] . o;n] ljljwtflarsf] PstfnfO{ kf| yldstf lbG5 . ;+o'St /fi6« ;ª3\ n] :yfgLos/0fnfO{
kf| yldstfdf /fv/] ;x;f| AbL nIo lgwf/{ 0f u/]sf] 5 . :yfgLos/0fsf] k|efjnfO{ lgDgcg';f/
pNn]v ug{ ;lsG5 M

Currriculum;sf/fTds kIfgsf/fTds kIf
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lk5l8Psf] ju{sf] ljsf;df hf8] lbG5 . cGt/f{li6o« Voflt kf| Kt j:t' tyf ;j] fsf]

k|jfxdf cj/fw] l;h{gf x'G5 .

hgtf sl] Gbt| ljsf;sf] bl[ i6sf]0f k:| tt' ;Lldt / ;fgf] Ifq] sf] ljsf;nfO{ kf| yldstf
u5{ . lbG5 .

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u5{ / /fli6«otfsf] hugf{df hf8] lbG5 . a9L s6\6/ agfpF5 .

:yfgLo pTkfbgsf] pkefu] df hf8] lbG5 . Dfflg;x¿ afx\o ;+:sl[ t / cyt{ Gqaf6 jl~rt
xG' 5g\ .

:yfgLo ;:+ sl[ t tyf /Llt l/jfh kj| wg{ df j:t' tyf ;j] fsf] cGt/f{li6«os/0f xg' af6

ke| fjsf/L el" dsf lgjf{x ug{ k|l] /t u5{ . /fS] 5 .

>lds tyf a:t'sf] cGt/fl{ i6o« s/0fnfO{ /fi6s« f] ;du| ljsf;eGbf klg lglZrt e"ufn] ,

lg?T;flxt u5{ . If]qnfO{ hf]8 lbG5 .

lj|mofsnfk

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gf/fsf ;fy ;~rflnt Jofkf/ d]nfsf] cjnfs] g ug{] df}sf kfpg'eof] . pSt dn] faf6 s] s:tf
;r" gf kf| Kt ug]{ ck]Iff ugx{' 'G5 < pSt ljj/0f ;d]6L ;dfrf/sf] Ps gdg' f k:| tt' ug'{xf;] \ .

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-v_ :yfgLos/0fsf] kl/efiff pNn]v ug'x{ f];\ .
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-3_ ljZjJofkLs/0fsf gsf/fTds ke| fj rrf{ ug'{xf;] \ .
-ª_ ljZjJofkLs/0fsf] cflys{ ljzi] ftf pNn]v ugx'{ f;] \ .
-r_ :yfgLos/0f egs] f] s] xf] < of] s;/L ljZjJofkLs/0feGbf km/s 5 < pNnv] ugx{' f;] \ .
-5_ :yfgLos/0fsf ;sf/fTds / gsf/fTds kIfsf] rrf{ ug{x' f];\ .

242 ;fdflhs cWoog, sIff !)