LIDYAWATI HARIS|ZULIYA AINI travel AND tourismTRANSPORTATION IN MALAYSIA PUBLISHED BY
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TTAABBLLEE OOFF CCOONNTTEENNTTSS MEANING OF TRANSPORTATION chapter 1 1 - 4 chapter 2 Road transport rail transport timeline of the transportation system air transport water transport TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM IN MALAYSIA 5 - 14 chapter 3 HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF GLOBAL TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM IN MALAYSIA 15- 22 the way the unit of carriage the motivate power unit, and the terminal eLEMENT OF PASSENGER TRANSPORT chapter 4 23 - 31 chapter 5 tourism transport plays other major roles in modern tourism facilitator of tourism growth LINKING THE DESTINATION WITH THE TOURIST MARKETS PROVIDING MOBILITY ANDACCESS WITHIN A DESTINATION PROVIDING MOBILITY WITHINTOURIST ATTRACTION rOLES OF TRANSPORTATION IN TOURISM INDUSTRY 32 - 52
TTAABBLLEE OOFF CCOONNTTEENNTTSS PROVIDING RECREATIONAL TRAVEL OPTIONS ACTING AS PRIMARY ATTRACTION LINKING HOST DESTINATIONS DETERMINANt TOURIST SATISFACTION water transport CONTRIBUTOR IN TOURIST ATTRACTIVENESS DETERMINANT IN DESTINATION SUCCESS MAJOR CONTRIBUTOR INTOURISM’SOCIO-ECONOMIC BENEFITS 53 - 78 monorail Light Rapid Transit (LRT) KTM Komuter KLIA Express or KLIA Transit Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) BUS-BASED TRANSPORTATION WATER-BASED TRANSPORTATION FACILITIES AVAILABLE FORPUBLIC TRANSPORTATION USERS IN MALAYSIA APPS USED FOR PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION IN MALAYSIA types of public transportation in malaysia chapter 6 SUMMARY SYNOPSIS 79- 80 81 REFFERENCES 82 - 86 ANSWER 87
01 C HAPT ER MEANING OF TRANSPORTATION
Transportation is the movement of products and people from one location to another, as well as the many ways by which such movement is performed. The capacity and necessity to carry huge amounts of commodities or large numbers of people across great distances at fast speeds in comfort and safety has been an indicator of civilization and, in particular, technical advancement. The location, capacity, efficiency and connectivity of transport can therefore play an important role in how a destination physically develops, and significantly influence the mobility of visitors and the connectivity of tourist experiences within destinations. TRAVEL & TOURISM TRANSPORT IN MALAYSIA | 01
Considering tourism involves the movement of people from their homes to tourist sites, every visitor must travel to reach the points of interest. As a result, transportation is one of the most important components of the tourism business. To promote any tourist destination, adequate, efficient, and safe routes of transportation are required. Tourism relies heavily on transportation. According to studies, travellers spend almost 30 to 40 percent of their overall holiday expenditure on transportation, with the remainder spent on food, lodging, and other activities. This element emphasizes the significance of transportation once again. TRAVEL & TOURISM TRANSPORT IN MALAYSIA | 02
A tourist can travel via a variety of modes of transportation. Both the tourism expert and the visitor should be informed of the numerous forms of transportation available to get to and from the location. TRAVEL & TOURISM TRANSPORT IN MALAYSIA | 03
What is the meaning of transportation? Why transportation is important in the tourism sector? State a reason why tourism relies on transportation. 1. 2. 3. TRAVEL & TOURISM TRANSPORT IN MALAYSIA | 04
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TRA N SP O RTAT I O N SYS T EM 02 C HAPT ER
In the ancient era, humans travelled from place to place for need of food. They tamed animals like the dog, cow, horse, camel, reindeer, elephants, and others to help them carry the load and travel. Humans invented the cart, chariot, and carriage after discovering the wheel. Horses were utilised for transportation until the seventeenth century. Later, better roads were built, and some of these roads evolved into trade routes that connected several countries. The Silk Route, which transported silk from China to Persia, and the Blue Gem Road, which connected Iran to Afghanistan and India, are two among them. TRAVEL & TOURISM TRANSPORT IN MALAYSIA | 05 R O A D TRA N SP O RT
It all started almost 2000 years ago in Egypt, Babylon, and Greece, in ancient civilizations. Transporting people and products was done using carts pulled by animals (horses or bulls) during the time, and its engineers rapidly realised that animals would use far less energy if the cart travelled on a predefined course, with no option of steering or moving over uneven terrain. TRAVEL & TOURISM TRANSPORT IN MALAYSIA | 06 RAI L TRA N SP O RT
They design roads with pre-built wheel limitations to permit this new kind of transportation. These were the world's earliest railway rails, and archaeological evidence of their existence can still be discovered in Italy and Greece. The most well-known example of these ancient stone-etched " wagonways" can be seen in the Greece 'sIsthmus of Corinth. These wagonways fell out of use with the fall of the Roman Empire, and only returned as a result of increased commercial and early industrial initiatives during the European Renaissance. Every mine in Great Britain had its own modest railway network by the 18th century, with horses moving carts from minesto manufacturers. TRAVEL & TOURISM TRANSPORT IN MALAYSIA | 07
Changes to this mode of transportation occurred in 1774, when the world learned of James Watt's astonishing invention - the stationary steam engine. Because he vigorously defended his rights, truly widespread development on steam-powered locomotives began until after his patent expired in 1800. TRAVEL & TOURISM TRANSPORT IN MALAYSIA | 08 Several innovators began to work on refining Watt's design, most notably by building non-condensing highpressure chambers, which allowed the engine to convert more steam powerinto mechanical energy.
TRAVEL & TOURISM TRANSPORT IN MALAYSIA | 09 In 1804 the first steam engines began to travel along primitive rail tracks. Richard Trevithick's "Penydarren " locomotive, which carried a weight of 25 tones and 70 persons during its initial trip, drew more attention than Matthew Murray 's basic locomotive. This incident demonstrated to the engineering community that pressured steam engines have sufficient power to be useful for transporting goods and people.
TRAVEL & TOURISM TRANSPORT IN MALAYSIA | 10 T IME L I N E O F TRA N SP O RTAT I O N SYS T EM
The growth of air transport happened mostly after World Wars I and II. Commercial airlines were established to serve travellers. The business sector is expanding fast as a result of increased air traffic. Even before the WWII, Swissair was already transporting 14- 16 passengers between Zurich and London. KLM, the Dutch Airlines, launched the first commercial service between Amsterdam and London in 1920. Commercial air travel expanded mostly after World War II. More amenities were added, and travel became more comfortable. TRAVEL & TOURISM TRANSPORT IN MALAYSIA | 11 AIR TRA N SP O RT
Humans have been travelling via water from time immemorial, transporting goods and people. Boats evolved from simple rafts with minor alterations and improvements, and were initially used approximately 6000 BC. TRAVEL & TOURISM TRANSPORT IN MALAYSIA | 12 WAT ER TRA N SP O RT
Following World War II, huge luxury liners resumed their operations all over the world, transporting passengers and vacationers. Some of the boats were very large, carrying up to 1000 passengers and equipped with amenities such as swimming pools, cinema halls,stores, casinos, and so on. TRAVEL & TOURISM TRANSPORT IN MALAYSIA | 13 Until the middle of the twentieth century, the only way to travel internationally was by ship. The Cunard Steamship Company was founded in 1838 to provide regular steamship services on the North Atlantic. During World War I, the steamship company 's operations had to be stopped in 1914. After World War I, steamer luxury liners resumed operations until World WarII.
What is the earliest transport for road transportation? Who invented the steam engine? In what year the steam engine was invented? Which company made the first commercial flight? The Cunard Steamship Company had to stop operation in 1914, why? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. TRAVEL & TOURISM TRANSPORT IN MALAYSIA | 14
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03 C HAPT ER HI S T O RI C AL D EVE L O PME N T O F T O URI SM TRA N SP O RTAT I O N I N MALAYS IA
TRAVEL & TOURISM TRANSPORT IN MALAYSIA | 15 18th century Railwayssystem The Sabah-railroad Expressway Airport Commuter HI S T O RI C AL D EVE L O PME N T O F T O URI SM TRA N SP O RTAT I O N I N MALAYS IA
The establishment of the British in Malaya, which began in the 18th century, affected the evolution of Malaysian transportation and communications. The British plundered natural resources, particularly tin and rubber. To enable the export of such resources, roads such as trains, motorways, and ports were created. The first road created was a cattle car road that connected Taiping, Matang, Krian, and Seberang Prai. Cattle, pedicure/ horse, andhorse carriages are examples of used vehicles. HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF TOURISM TRANSPORTATION IN MALAYSIA TRAVEL & TOURISM TRANSPORT IN MALAYSIA | 16
The railway is created in the form of shortdistance railroads, with the emphasis solely on production regions. The next railway line was built between Seremban and Port Dickson (1891). Kuala Lumpur had a direct contact with Port Swettenham at the end of the nineteenth century. HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF TOURISM TRANSPORTATION IN MALAYSIA TRAVEL & TOURISM TRANSPORT IN MALAYSIA | 17 The establishment of the railway system has shifted the country 's economic activity from self-sufficiency to export economy. The west coast of Peninsular Malaysia is the core of economic activity. As a result, the west coast has a more dense transportation network than the east coast.
The Sabah-railroad connects Weston and Beaufort, as well as Tenom and Jesselton (Kota Kinabalu). The Sarawak-Brooke government is developing a railway connecting Kuching to Batu 10 along 6.21 kilometres. This foundation is not very essential in the construction of Sarawak's state transportation system because agricultural produce is transported by water transportation systems. In addition to the railway, the opening of the tin mining area in the interior necessitated the construction of roadways. HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF TOURISM TRANSPORTATION IN MALAYSIA TRAVEL & TOURISM TRANSPORT IN MALAYSIA | 18
The transport network of the British and the country is currently diverse and developed. Malaysia 's road network is enormous, with a total length of 250,023 kilometres, including 1,956 kilometres of expressways (in 2019). The country 's major highway stretches over 800 kilometres from Singapore to the Thai border. HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF TOURISM TRANSPORTATION IN MALAYSIA TRAVEL & TOURISM TRANSPORT IN MALAYSIA | 19 Peninsular Malaysia has a well-established road network, whereas East Malaysia 's road system isless developed.
HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF TOURISM TRANSPORTATION IN MALAYSIA TRAVEL & TOURISM TRANSPORT IN MALAYSIA | 20 Malaysia is served by six international airports. Malaysia Airlines, the country 's main airline, operates international and domestic flights alongside two other carriers. The majority of the major cities are linked by air routes. The railway system is run by the government and has a total length of 1,849 kilometres.
HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF TOURISM TRANSPORTATION IN MALAYSIA TRAVEL & TOURISM TRANSPORT IN MALAYSIA | 21 Commuter rail and fast transit are popular within cities because they decrease traffic congestion on other systems and are regarded as safe, comfortable, and dependable.
1)When did the establishment of transportation begin in Malaysia? 2) What was the first road created in Malaysia? 3)How many international airports located in Malaysia? 4) Why commuter rail and fast transit is wellknown within cities? TRAVEL & TOURISM TRANSPORT IN MALAYSIA | 22
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04 C HAPT ER E L EME N T O F PAS S E N G ER TRA N SP O RT
TRAVEL & TOURISM TRANSPORT IN MALAYSIA | 23 E L EME N T O F PAS S E N G ER TRA N SP O RT THE WAY THE U N I T O F C ARRIA G E THE MO T IVE P OWER U N I T , A N D THE T ERMI N AL
T H E W A Y The medium of transportation, can be both natural and artificial. Natural methods are inexpensive and free, and they do not require any maintenance unless we strive to improve them artificially. Natural routes include the sea, the air, rivers, and trails. Because they are natural, they are subject to the whims of nature, which often necessitates that they be artificially improved. Rivers are regulated to avoid flooding during wet seasons and insufficient flow during dry seasons. TRAVEL & TOURISM TRANSPORT IN MALAYSIA | 24
In the upper reaches, they are dredged to maintain a channel and locks are built to improve navigation. Bridle paths are made up and turned into roads. Highways, motorways, canals, railways, tramways, tunnels, and monorails are all built in the same way. Clearly, these are not free, nevertheless, they may be carried out in public rather than secretly. We may have what appears to be a free route built if the costs are met by the ratepayer and taxpayer, but the owner normally has sole use of it. To recuperate the capital costs, the ownerthen chargesforits use by others. TRAVEL & TOURISM TRANSPORT IN MALAYSIA | 25
Whatever call it is, transportation requires the usage of a vehicle or aircraft. The flexibility and adaptability of the unit of carriage utilised has an impact on the mode of transportation 's efficiency. Road vehicles are more versatile than trains because they do not rely entirely on pre-determined routes and have stations to stop picking up passengers. So are planes and ships, even less dependent on routes. This makes it easier for tourists to travel domestically and even internationally. THE CARRYING UNIT TRAVEL & TOURISM TRANSPORT IN MALAYSIA | 26
This is the most diverse feature, with a variety of alternatives for passengers from single-seat bikes to large planes and ships available for visiting tourists. This means that the carrying unit is a quantity that can be carried by each transport to the final destination. For example, a car can only carry a quantity at a time of only five people because the size of the car is small while the quantity that can be carried by aircraft is hundreds of people at a time because the size of the aircraft islargerthan a car. TRAVEL & TOURISM TRANSPORT IN MALAYSIA | 27
The fundamental propulsion unit that propels the vehicle or aircraft in operation. THE MOTIVE POWER The power of the selected motif is determined by the strength of the vehicle, the desired speed, available fuel, safer transportation and other factors in short and long distance travels. This is because we want to give a comfort and satisfaction experience to tourists when they want to tourin Malaysia and even the whole world. TRAVEL & TOURISM TRANSPORT IN MALAYSIA | 28
The power of motives has increased steadily since the industrial revolution. For example steam engines have been replaced by gasoline, diesel, electric, and solar engines as a result of the revolution. This is because the revolution is advancing from year to year to ensure this transportation becomes a huge industry in contributing several factorsin tourism TRAVEL & TOURISM TRANSPORT IN MALAYSIA | 29
The tourist is provided entrance to the terminal. A terminal is usually a physical structure that includes a variety of facilities and services. THE TERMINAL In the past, terminals were basic structures that served as a gateway to another mode of transportation. At this time, terminals capabilities and functionalities are being expanded. Airports, for example, are rapidly transforming into tiny cities with nearly all of a city 's amenities and services. In the airport industry, privatization isin popularsector as well. Terminals are locations where tourist can change mode of transportation. A tourist arriving by car. For example, can change modes of transportation to air transportation at an airport. Terminals include bus stops, train stations,seaports, and airports. TRAVEL & TOURISM TRANSPORT IN MALAYSIA | 30
List the element of passenger transport? Describe the way in the element of passenger transport? Describe the motive power in the element of passenger transport? What the terminal in the element of passenger transport? Describe the carrying unit in the element of passenger transport? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. TRAVEL & TOURISM TRANSPORT IN MALAYSIA | 31
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C HAPT ER 05 R O L E S O F TRA N SP O RTAT I O N I N T O URI SM I N D US TRY
Facilitator of tourism growth Linking the destination with the tourist markets Providing mobility and access within a destination Providing mobility within tourist attractions Providing recreational travel options Acting as primary attraction Linking host destinations Determinant in touristsatisfaction Contributorin tourist attractiveness Determinant in destination success Major contributorin tourism’socioeconomic benefit TOURISM TRANSPORT PLAYS OTHER MAJOR ROLES IN MODERN TOURISM TRAVEL & TOURISM TRANSPORT IN MALAYSIA | 32
FACILITATOR OF TOURISM GROWTH Transportation nowadays is very necessary to move from one place to another, regardless of the purpose of traveling, working, buying necessities, visiting and others. Human mobility for the purpose of tourist trip would not be possible without transportation and its related infrastructure, at least not on such a large scale. Therefore, transportation and infrastructure need to be developed forthe convenience of tourists, For example enough of an infrastructure that is a bus station and also transportation that is a bus. TRAVEL & TOURISM TRANSPORT IN MALAYSIA | 33
Amazing advancements in transportation have greatly decreased travel time and cost while improving accessibility, mobility, and travel pleasure. Technological advances in transportation over time are very advanced because it makes it easier to save some aspectsin terms of cost, time and others Tourism development demands further developments in transport. As tourism and transportation are inextricably linked and as global tourism increases, additional demand will be placed on the transportation sectors. TRAVEL & TOURISM TRANSPORT IN MALAYSIA | 34
WITH THE TOURIST MARKETS LINKING THE DESTINATION Transportation is necessary for getting tourists from their starting point to their final destination, as well as connecting markets in tourist industry regions to destinations. Tourists, particularly foreign tourists, come from a variety of countries in various parts of the world, therefore destinations must be linked to various tourist markets. This is to facilitate tourism to connect the market in the tourism industry area to the destination. All of these market countries, also known as touristgenerating countries or regions, must be connected to destinations, and efficient transportation infrastructure must be in place to make the destination accessible. TRAVEL & TOURISM TRANSPORT IN MALAYSIA | 35