COVID19 eBook

ǓǥNJǘǞƷƷ˝ǏǪƷǥ ǪǘǨư˭Ǫư˭ǏNJ˝ǞǥǗ˟ǨƶǪǥǨǖǨNJǘǞƷǞ˟ǨǪǐˮǎǪƹˣ˶ǥǥǧǮǘ ǫǛǧǪǘǨǓǏǞ˟Ǩ
ǖ˝ǎǮǖ˟ǮljˢǪǐˮǎǪƹˣ˶ǥǥǧǮǘnjˠ˲ǪǘǨǪƳǗǘ́ˢƷ˝ư ǪǘǨư˭NjǥljǘǢ˝ǡǓ˝ǎǍ˿ưǘǘǖǖ˝ǎnjˣ˝ƶNJ˝Ǟ NJǥǎǎˣ˝ǎ
njˠ˲ưǘǖǞ˰njǗ˪ɔ NjǥljǘǢ˝ǡǓ˝ǎǍ˿ưǘǘǖư˝ǏƷ˿ǣǨɔ ǫǛˢǞǓǏǞ˟Ǩǖ˝ǎǪǐˮǎǪƹˣ˶ǥNJ˝ǞǭǢǖ˟ ǫǛǧ
ǓǥƷ˲ǎǪƱǨǥǥưǐǘǧưǨǟǞ˟Ǩ NjǥljǘǢ˝ǡǓ˝ǎǍ˿ưǘǘǖǫǛˢǞǪǐˮǎǪƹˣ˶ǥNJ˝ǞǭǢǖ˟ ǖ˝ǎư˭NJǘƶư˝Ǐ
ƱǥƶǪǘǨ ǪǘǨư˭ǐǘǧưǨǟǞ˟ǨǪǘǨǪƷǥǬǘƳǎ˲ ˣ ƷǧǪǢǎ˭ Ǟ˟ǨǬljǗưǛǮưNJˢǥƶǥǨǟǗ˝ ƳǞǨǖǘ˟Ǟǖǖ˶ǥ
ƱǥƶǢǛǨǗǢǎǞ˟ ǗƶǨǎǭǎưǨǘnj˸ǨƶǨǎɎ
ǢǛ˝ƶǓǏǑ́ˢNJ˰ljǪƹˣ˶ǥǘǨǗǫǘưǭǎǐǘǧǪnjǟ NJ˝ǞǪǛƱǑ́ˢNJ˰ljǪƹˣ˶ǥǪǘˠ˰ǖǮNJ˟ǘǧlj˝Ǐ
ǕǨǘư˰ƷƶǨǎnj˲ˠNJˢǥƶƱˣ˴ǎư˝ǏǡNjǨǎưǨǘLj˪ǫǛǧǪǐǛˠ˲ǗǎǫǐǛƶǥǗ́˟NJǛǥljǪǞǛǨ nj˸ǨǭǢˢưǛǮư
ưǨǘnjǨ˸ ƶǨǎNJǥˢ ƶǐǘǏ˝ ǪǐǛǗ˲ˠ ǎǮǐljǞˢ Ǘ ǥǍǏ˰ ljư˲ ǘǖƳǞǏƳǖ˿ ǬǘƳǥǍǏ˰ ǨǗǞǨ˟ NjǨˢ Ǯǖǖ˟ ǨưǪưǎ˰ Ǯǐ
ư˭ǥǗ́˟njˠ˲ưǘǖ ǫǛǧưǘǧnjǘǞƶ ǫNJ˟NjˢǨǖǨưǪư˰ǎƱǥǏƱ˟ǨǗǢǎˢǨnj˲ˠƱǥƶưǘǧnjǘǞƶ ư˭Ƴ˶ǥ
ǘǧlj˝ǏǐǘǧǪnjǟ ǫǛǧǎǨǎǨƹǨNJ˰NJǨǖǛ˸Ǩlj˝Ǐ
ɎǪǘǨNJǘǞƷƷ˝ǏǑ́ˢǐˡǞǗǘǨǗǫǘưnj˲ˠǖǨǡ́˟ǐǘǧǪnjǟǮnjǗ ǖǨƷǨưǪǖ˶ǥƶƷ˲ǎǮljˢ
NJˣ˝ƶǫNJ˟ư˿ǖǕǨǓ˝ǎǍ˪Ǣǘ˶ǥǖ˲ǎǨƳǖ dzǶǷǴ ǎˠ˲ǫǢǛǧ ǓǥǓǏǑ́ˢǐˡǞǗ ǖ˝ǎƳ˟ǥǗ ɓ ƱǗǨǗNJ˝Ǟ
ǪǘǨưư˭ ǛǏ˝ Ǯǐǭƹưˢ ǛǮưnjǪ˲ˠ ǘǗ˲ ưǞǨ˟ Ǟǥǘǘ˪ ́ǖ +p Ǫưlj˰ Ʊǎˣ˴ Ǔǥǖǎ˝ ǖǨư ɓ ǎǨ˟ Ʒǧǖǎ˲ ǨƳǖǢǘǥ˶
ǪǖǠǨǗǎ ǎǫˠ˲ ǢǛǧ ǘDŽ˝ ǏǨǛǐǘǧưǨǟ ǟǏƳȣƱǎˣ˴ ǖǨ ǫǛǞˢ ưǨ˸ ǢǎljƶǨǎ Ʊǎˣ˴ ưǏ˝ ǡNjǨǎưǨǘLj˪
nj˲ˠǖ˝ǎǪǐǛ˲ˠǗǎǫǐǛƶǮǐ Ʊˣ˴ǎư˝Ǐǘǧlj˝ǏǡNjǨǎưǨǘLj˪ ƺˠ˴ƶưǛǮưǪǘǨǖ˲ǫǛˢǞǢǛǧ Ǫư˰ǎưǘǖ
ư˭Ǫǐǎˮ ưǘǧnjǘǞƶ Ǫư˰ǎưǘǧnjǘǞƶư˭Ǫǐǎˮ ǐǘǧǪnjǟ Ƴ˶ǥ ǟǏƳȣǡǞ˟ ǎưǛǮưǘǧlj˝ǏǎǨǎǨƹǨNJ˰
ư˭Ǫǐǎˮ ǥƶƳ˪ưǨǘǥǎǨǖǗ˝ ǬǛưɎ

ȭ ƷǨưǢǥˢ ƶǫǛ˭Ǐ ǡ ˟́ žZ ȭ
ǢǛ˝ƶǓǏǑˢ́ǐˡǞǗƹǨǞƷ˲ǎǘǨǗǫǘư Ǘ˝ƶNJǘǞƷǓǏǑ́ˢǐˡǞǗnjˠ˲ǥǗ́˟ǘǧǢǞ˟Ǩƶ
ǘǥǗ˶ǎǗ˝ǎǑǛǞ˰ǎ˰ƷƸ˝ǗƷǨưǢˢǥƶǐǂ˰Ǐ˝NJ˰ưǨǘ njˣ˝ƶnj˲ˠǬǘƶǓǗǨǏǨǛƷ˿ǣǨǛƶưǘLj˪ ǫǛǧ
ưǘǖǞnj˰ ǗǨǟǨǡNJǘư˪ ǨǘǫǓnjǗ ˪ ƺƶˠ˴ ǭƹǪˢ ǞǛǨưǞǨ˟ ǖǨưưǞǨ˟ dzǵ ƹǞˠ˝ Ǭǖƶ ǑǛNJǘǞƷNjƶ˴ ƷǧǗǎ˶ Ǘǎ˝
ưǘǖƳǞǏƳǖ˿ ǬǘƳƷ˴ƶǪǓ˰ˠǖưǨǘǪǒˤǨǘǧǞ˝ƶǭǎưǛ˟˿ǖǡ˝ǖǑǡ˝ Ǒnj́ˢ ˲ˠǪlj˰ǎnjǨƶǖǨƷǨưNJ˟ǨƶǐǘǧǪnjǟ
ljˢǞǗưǨǘǡ˶ǏƳˢǎǪǡˢǎnjǨƶưǨǘǪlj˰ǎnjǨƶƱǥƶǑˢ́NJ˰ljǪƹˣ˶ǥǭǎǫNJ˟ǛǧǞ˝ǎ ưǨǘNJ˰ljNJ˟ǥư˝ǏǑˢ́Ƴǎ
Ǣǘǥ˶ ǥǗ́ǥ˟ ǨǟǗ˝ ư˝ǏǭƳǘ ǘǞǏǘǞǖǮǞˢǪǐǎˮ ƹ˿ljƱǥˢ ǖǛ́ ǡǨ˸ ǢǘǏ˝ NJ˰ljNJǨǖǫǛǧǓǨǖǨƳ˝ljưǘǥƶ
NJǘǞƷǪƹˣ˶ǥljˢǞǗǞ˰Ǎ ˲ žȼŠ  ư˝ưNJ˝Ǟ Dzǵ Ǟ˝ǎ Ʒ˸Ǩư˝ljǞƶǫƳǏǪǓˠ˶ǥǮǖ˟ǭǢˢǪƹˣ˶ǥǫǓǘ˟ưǘǧƷǨǗ
ƺˠƶ˴ Ǫǐǎˮ ǫǎǞnjǨƶưǨǘnj˸ǨƶǨǎƹǞ˟ ƶnj˲ˠǪǘǖ˰ˠ ǓǏǑNJˢ́ ˰ljǪƹˣǥ˶ ǕǨǗǭǎǐǘǧǪnjǟ
ǡǧnjˢǥǎƷǨưǘǨǗƶǨǎƱ˟ǨǞǡǨǘƱǥƶǡˠ˶ǥǖǞǛƹǎ ǫǛǧǡˠ˶ǥǡ˝ƶƳǖǥǥǎǮǛǎ˪
njˠ˲ǫƹǘ˪Ʊˢǥǖ́ǛNJ˟ǥ ɓ ư˝ǎǮǐ ƹ˟Ǟƶǫǘư ɓ nj˲ˠǪǘ˰ˠǖǓǏǑˢ́NJ˰ljǪƹˣ˶ǥ ǖ˲ǘǨǗƶǨǎƱˢǥǖ́ǛǗˢǥǎǢǛ˝ƶ
ǪǡˢǎnjǨƶǡ˝ƾƷǘǮǐǖǨǭǎǫNJ˟ǛǧǞ˝ǎ ǫNJ˟Ǜǧǡ˝ǐljǨǢ˪ƱǥƶǑ́ˢNJ˰ljǪƹˣ˶ǥǛƶǘǨǗǛǧǪǥ˲ǗljNj˲ˠǗ˰Ǐ
nj˸ǨǭǢǑˢ nj́ˢ ˠ˲Ǫlj˰ǎnjǨƶǪƱǨˢ ǮǐǭǎǡNjǨǎnj˲ˠNJ˟Ǩƶ ɓ NJǨǖǪǡǎˢ njǨƶƱǥƶǑNJˢ́ ˰ljǪƹˣǥ˶ ǭǎƹǞ˟ ƶǪǞǛǨǎǎˣ˝
ƷǧǮljˢǖ˲ƳǞǨǖǘǧǖ˝ljǘǧǞ˝ƶǢǖˠ˝ǎǡ˝ƶǪưNJǥǨưǨǘƱǥƶNJ˝ǞǪǥƶ Ǣǘ˶ǥǢǨưǓǏǞ˟Ǩǖ˲ǥǨưǨǘ
ư˭Ǫǘǖˠ˰ Ʊˣǎ˝ NJǥǎljǫ́ Ǜǘư˝ ǠǨ

50 mºG"ȷǭǵɑNJLJǎˢǜ˳Ʋlj˜ƮǙǣǑǥƬ˔ǑǦƬ˟ƱǜǣLjǣǓǃǜ˱ƬǩLJǒ

ǡNjǨǎưǨǘLj˪njˠ˲Ǯǖ˟ǖ˲ǭƳǘƳǨljưǨǘLj˪Ǯljˢ NJ˝ǞǪǛƱǑˢ́NJ˰ljǪƹˣ˶ǥǪǓ˰ˠǖǖǨưƱˣ˴ǎnj˿ưǞ˝ǎ
ǭǎǓˣǎ˶ nj˲ˠưǘ˿ƶǪnjǓɔ ƹǞ˟ ƶǡǨǗǓǎ˝ ǍǪ˿˪ ljǛNJˢǨǘǧǏǨljǘ˿ǎǫǘƶ Ƴǎưǘ˿ƶǪnjǓɔ ǫǢǫ˟ ǢǎNJ˟ǥƳ˰Ǟ
ư˟ǥǎǪǞǛǨƱˢǨǖǞ˝ǎƱˢǨǖƳ˶ǎ ƷǎǪư˰ljǐǘǧǪlj˭ǎƱˢǥNjưǪNj˲ǗƶǪǘˠ˶ǥƶƹ˿ljNJǘǞƷǬƳǞ˰lj DzǺ
nj˸ǨǥǗ˟ǨƶǮǘǐǘǧƹǨƹǎǡǨǖǨǘNjǪƱˢǨNj˴ƶƹ˿ljƳ˝ljưǘǥƶNJǘǞƷǢǨǪƹˣ˶ǥljˢǞǗNJ˝ǞǪǥƶǫǛǧ
ǘ́ˢǑǛǪǘ˭Ǟ ǪǓǘǨǧǢǨưNJ˰ljǪƹˣ˶ǥƱˣ˴ǎǖǨƷǘ˰ƶ ɓ ǖ˝ưǮǖ˟ǫǡljƶǥǨưǨǘ ưǞ˟ǨƷǧǘ́ˢNJ˝ǞǞ˟ǨNJ˰ljǪƹˣ˶ǥ
ư˭ǫǓǘư˟ ǘǧƷǨǗǮǐǫǛˢǞ

ǎǨǗǫǓnjǗ˪ǟ˿Ǖư˰Ʒ ǥǍ˰Ǐlj˲ưǘǖǞ˰njǗǨǟǨǡNJǘ˪ưǨǘǫǓnjǗ˪ ǪǛ˟ǨNj˴ƶƷ˿ljǪǐǛˠ˲Ǘǎ
Ƴǘƶˣ˝ ǡǨ˸ Ƴƾ˝ Njƶ˴ ǫǖƷˢ ǧǪưlj˰ ǫǘƶNJǨˢ ǎ ǘǧǢǞǨ˟ ƶƳǥˢ ǎNJǞ˝ Ǫljǖ˰ njǮˠ˲ ǖǡ˟ ǨǖǨǘNjǭƹƶˢ ǨǎǮljnjˢ ǎ˝ ưǨǘLj˪
ǫNJ˟ǖƶ˲ ǨǎǭǢƾǘ˟ ǥǥǗ́Ʊ˟ Ǩˢ ƶǢǎǨˢ ưǏ˝ ǢǨƳˢǥǎNJ˝ǞǭǢǖNj˟ ˴ƶǫǖƷˢ ǧǪǛư˭ ưǞ˟Ǩ ƹǞ˟ Ǘưǎ˝ NJǥưNJǧǐ́
Ǫǐǎˮ ǫǘƶǪǡǘǖ˰ ư˝ǎ
Ɏ žZ ǖǎ˝ ưNj˭ ứ ǓLJ˝ ǎǨƱǎˣ˴ ǖǨǭǢǖˢ Ƴ˲ Lj˿ ǕǨǓljƱ˲ ǎˣ˴ Ƴǥ˶ ǑǖǓǗǨǗǨǖǓlj́ ưǏ˝ ǡƶ˝ Ƴǖ
ǥǗ́˟Ǫǘˠ˶ǥǗ ɓ ǎǧ ǫǖˢưǘǧnjˠ˝ƶǓ́ljư˝Ǐnj˟ǨǎǎǨǗưɔ Ǫǥǥ ǪǘǨǭƹˢƳˢǥǎǎˣ˲ ǡǖǖNJ˰ žȼ Š 
ǖ˝ǎƳ˶ǥƳˢǥǎǮǞˢNJǥưNJǧǐ́ ǪǓǘǨǧƸǧǎˣ˝ǎǪǞǛǨǪǘǨNjǨǖǞ˟Ǩ ǥ˿ǐưǘLj˪ǖǨNJǘDŽǨǎnj˲ˠƷǧ
NJǥưNJǧǐ́Ƴ˶ǥǥǧǮǘ ǖǎ˝ ư˭NJˢǥƶNJǥǏǞ˟ǨƳˢǥǎ ǫNJ˟Ǟ˝ǎǮǢǎǖǎ˝ ǖNJ˲ ǧǐ́ǭǢǪˢ ǘǨNJǥưǞ˝ǎǛǧǓǎ˝

mºG"ȷǭǵɑNJLJǎˢǜ˳Ʋlj˜ƮǙǣǑǥƬ˔ǑǦƬ˟ƱǜǣLjǣǓǃǜ˱ƬǩLJǒ 51

Ƴˢ ǥ ǎ ǖ˲ ǥ˝ ǎ Ǫ lj˲ Ǘ Ǟ Ƴ˿ Lj Ʒ ǧ Ǯ ǖ˟ Ǫ ǥ Ǩ ǥ Ǘ˟ Ǩ ƶ ǥˠ ˶ ǎ ǖ Ǩ Ǜ ǥ ƶ ǖ Ǩ ƹ˟ Ǟ Ǘ Ǣ ǘ˶ ǥ ǥ Ǘ˟ Ǩ ƶ ǡ˝ ǎ ǖ˲ lj ǎ˟ ǧ
ǖ˝ǎư˭NJǥưǮljˢǭƹ˟Ǣǘ˶ǥǪǐǛ˟Ǩ ǪǓǘǨǧƸǧǎˣ˝ǎ žZ ǖ˝ǎǪǢǖ˶ǥǎǡ˝ǎǖ˲ljǥǗ˟Ǩƶǎˣ˲ ǪǫNJ˟ǖ˝ǎ
ǡǧljǞưƷǘƶ˰ ǥǧǮǘƷǘƶ˰ ǬǥǪƳ ǖǎ˝ NJǥưǫǛǞˢ ǖǎ˝ ưǓ˭ ǛǨljǥǧǮǘǪǗǥǧǭƹǮ˟ Ǣǖ ǫNJǞ˟ Ǩ˟ Lj Ǟǎ˝ ǎǎˣ˝
ǖǎ˝ ưƷ˭ ˸ǨǪǐǎˮ NJˢǥƶǓˠƶ˴ ǪƳǘˠǥ˶ ƶǖǥ˶ ǫǏǏǎǎˣ˝ ǭǎNJ˟ǨƶǐǘǧǪnjǟǪǥƶưǪ˭ ǘǖ˰ˠ ǥǥưǮưlj˪ǮǛǎǖ˪ ǨǫǛǞˢ
Ǟ˟Ǩ ǪǦǗˢ NjˢǨǥǗǨ˟ ƶǎǎ˲ˣ ǧ ƳLj˿ ư˭ǪǥǨ žZ ǮǐƹǞ˟ ǗǪǡǘǖ˰ Ǯljˢ ǖǎ˝ ư˭ǪǛǗNJˢǥƶǡǞ˰njƹɎ˪
ǥǍ˰Ǐlj˲ưǘǖǞ˰njǗǨǟǨǡNJǘ˪ưǨǘǫǓnjǗ˪ǪǛ˟ǨljˢǞǗǞ˟Ǩ ǘǧǢǞ˟ǨƶNJ˝ljǡ˰ǎǭƷǪǛ˶ǥư
ƹ˿ljNJǘǞƷ žZ ǪƳǗǖ˲ǫǎǞƳ˰ljnj˸ǨǪNJ˭ǎnj˪ǓǥƶǛǖ Ǣǘ˶ǥǫǛ˭ǐǓǥƶǛǖƱǥƶƷ˲ǎ ƺˠ˴ƶǪǐˮǎ
Ǣǥˢ ƶǐǂǏ˰ NJ˝ ư˰ ǨǘƹǞˠ˝ ƳǘǨǞǡǨǖǨǘNjƳlj˝ ưǘǥƶǑNJ́ˢ lj˰ Ǫƹˣǥ˶ Ǯljǎˢ Ǐ˝ Ǣǖˠǎ˶ NJǥ˟ Ǟǎ˝ ǫNJǪ˟ ǖˠǥ˶ ǪnjǗ˲ ǏưǏ˝
žZ ǫǛˢǞǮǖƳ˟ ˢǖ˿ Ƴ˟Ǩ
Ɏǖ˲njǨƶǪǛ˶ǥưǢǎˠ˴ƶ NjˢǨǪǘǨǗ˝ƶǮǖ˟ǭƹˢ žZ ǪǘǨư˭Ǯǐƺˣ˶ǥǪNJ˭ǎnj˪ǫǏǏǪǖ˶ǥƶƷ˲ǎ
ǬǥǗ NJǥǎǎˣǎ˝ ǪƱǨƷǧǪǥǨǪǘǨNJˣ˝ƶ Dz Ǫƺ˭NJ ǷDZ ǛˢǨǎ DzDZ Ǫƺ˭NJ ǷDZDZ ǛˢǨǎǫǛˢǞNjˢǨƳ˿LjNJǘǞƷ
ǮǐǫǛˢǞư˭ǫǐ˧ǏǪlj˲ǗǞƳ˿Ljư˭ǬǗǎnj˰ˣƶ ǭƹ˟ǮǢǖ ǪǘǨư˭ǪǛǗ ǪǥˢǨ Ǯǖ˟Ƴˢ˿ǖ Ƹǧǎˣ˝ǎNjˢǨ žZ ǪǞ˰ǘ˪Ƴ
Ǜǥƶ žZ lj́ Ƴ˶ǥǪǘǨNj˴ƶNJˢǥƶƹˠ˝ƶNJǨǖǡNjǨǎưǨǘLj˪ǥǗ́˟NJǛǥljǪǞǛǨǞ˟Ǩ ǪƳǘˠ˶ǥƶǖ˶ǥ
ǖǎ˝ ǪǓǥǘǪ˪ ǔƳƷǘƶ˰ Ɏ
ǎǨǗǫǓnjǗǟ˪ Ǖ˿ ưƷ˰ Ǘǎ˶ Ǘǎ˝ ǞǨ˟ ưǨǘǪǛǥ˶ ưƹlj˿ NJǘǞƷ žZ ưǘǖNJǥˢ ƶǗǎ˶ Ǫǐǎˮ ǢǛư˝
ǭǢǮˢ ljˢ NJˢǥƶǮǖǢ˟ Ǟˠ˝ǎǮǢǞ ǫǛǧNJ˝ljǡǎ˰ ǭƷǏǎǢǛ˝ưưǨǘ
ɎǪǘǨƳ˰ljǞ˟ǨǬǛưǭǏǎ ˣ˲ NjˢǨǖǎ˝ ǖǥ˲ ǧǮǘnj˲ˠlj˲ưǞ˟Ǩ Njứ ưǞ˟Ǩ ǪǘǞ˭ ưǞ˟Ǩ ǪǘǨNJˢǥƶǗǥǖǘǏ˝
NjˢǨƳ˿LjǡǖǏ˝NJ˰ǖ˝ǎǪnj˟Ǩư˝ǎ ǎ˴ưǥǥưǮǢǖ ǪǘǨư˭ǐǘ˝ǏǡNjǨǎưǨǘLj˪ Ƹǧǎˣ˝ǎƳ˸Ǩǫǎǧǎ˸Ǩ
ǪǘǨƷǧǐǘ˝ǏNJǨǖǫǑǎƶǨǎ ǫNJ˟ǫǎ˟ǎǥǎǪǘǨNJˢǥƶǐǘ˴ưǠǨƳǎǥˠ˶ǎǎǧ ǭǢˢǥǨƷǨǘǗ˪
Ǒˢ́Ǫƹˠ˲ǗǞƹǨƾnjˣ˝ƶǢǛǨǗ lj˰ǡƳ˝ǡư˝ǎƷǎǓǥǭƷǫǛˢǞ ư˭ǢǨƱˢǥǡǘ˿ǐǘ˟Ǟǖư˝ǎ Ƴ˶ǥǪǘǨƷǧǮǖ˟ǔ˞ƶ
ǫƳ˟Ǟ˟ǨǭƳǘǡˠ˝ƶǭǢˢǪǐǛˠ˲Ǘǎ NjˢǨǮǖ˟ǖ˲ǢǛ˝ưưǨǘ Ǯǖ˟ǖ˲ǪǢNJ˿ǑǛ ǪǘǨǥǍ˰ǏǨǗƹǨǞǏˢǨǎǮǖ˟Ǯljˢ
ǥǗǨ˟ ƶǎ ˣ˲ ǮǖǮ˟ lj ˢ Ǣǘǥ˶ njǨƶǡNjǨǎưǨǘLjǏ˪ Ǐ˲ ǪǘǨƱǎǨljǎ ˣ˲ NjǨˢ ǥǨƷǨǘǗǑ˪ Ǫ́ˢ ƹǗˠ˲ ǞƹǨƾǗƶ˝ ǮǖǢ˟ Ǘǥ˟ ǎ
ǪǛǗư˭Ǯǖ˟Ǯljˢ ǥ˝ǎǎˣ˲Ƴ˶ǥǪǐˮǎǪǘˠ˶ǥƶǟ˰Ǜǐǧ Ƴ˰ljǞ˟Ǩǖ˝ǎNJˢǥƶǏǘ˰ǢǨǘǮǐNJǨǖǡNjǨǎưǨǘLj˪
ǫNJ˟Ǟ˟Ǩǫǎ˟ǎǥǎǪǘǨǗ˶ǎǢǛ˝ư ǪǘǨƷǧǮǖ˟ǫưǞ˟ƶǮǐǫǏǏǞ˟Ǩ ǪǞǛǨǎˣ˲ǖ˝ǎǗ˝ƶǮǖ˟NJˢǥƶǭƹˢ žZ
ǫNJ˟ư˭ƷǧǪǥǨǖǨǭƹǪˢ ǓǘǨǧǖ ˲ Ėěõõûĺ ǥǗǨ˟ ƶǥˠ˶ǎɎ

52 mºG"ȷǭǵɑNJLJǎˢǜ˳Ʋlj˜ƮǙǣǑǥƬ˔ǑǦƬ˟ƱǜǣLjǣǓǃǜ˱ƬǩLJǒ

ȭ Ɏ žɎ ǎǞ˝NJưǘǘǖǪƹƶ˰ ǘ˿ư ǡƱ˿ ǕǨǓǐDŽǖǕǖ́ ˰ ȭ
nj˲ǖǐǂ˰Ǐ˝NJ˰ưǨǘǐˤǥƶư˝ǎǫǛǧǫưˢǮƱǐ˞ƾǢǨǬƳǞ˰lj DzǺ Ǫƹ˰ƶǘ˿ư Ǣǘ˶ǥ ž
ƺˠ˴ƶưǘǧnjǘǞƶǡǨǍǨǘLjǡ˿Ʊ ǡ˟ƶư˸ǨǛ˝ƶǢǎ˿ǎǪǡǘ˰ǖǕǨǘư˰ƷƶǨǎǐˤǥƶư˝ǎǬǘƳǘǧǏǨljǭǢˢư˝Ǐ
ưǘ˿ƶǪnjǓɔ Nj˶ǥǪǐˮǎǖǨNJǘưǨǘǡ˸ǨƳ˝ƾƹ˟ǞƶǛ˭ǥưljǨǞǎ˪ưǘ˿ƶǪnjǓɔ ǪǓˠ˶ǥƳˢǎǢǨǑ́ˢNJ˰ljǪƹˣ˶ǥ
ǭǎƹ˿ǖƹǎNJ˟Ǩƶ ɓ Ʊǥƶưǘ˿ƶǪnjǓɔ
ǎǨǗǫǓnjǗ˪Ǫư˲ǗǘNJ˰Ǖ́ǖ˰ǪǛ˟ǨǞ˟Ǩ ƹ˟ǞƶǛ˭ǥưljǨǞǎ˪ưǘ˿ƶǪnjǓɔ nj˸ǨǭǢˢnj˿ưǥǗ˟Ǩƶ
ǢǗ˿ljǎƶ˰ˠ NJˢǥƶǭƹǬˢ ǥưǨǡnjǥƶǪǓˠǥ˶ NJǘǞƷǢǨǪƹˣǥ˶ ǭǎƹ˿ǖƹ˿ǎ
Ɏǡ˰ˠƶnj˲ˠǪǘǨnj˸ǨǮljˢNJǥǎǎˣ˝ǎ Ǜ˭ǥưǪƱǨǫǛˢǞǪǘǨNJˢǥƶǪƱˢǨǮǐlj́ǫǛǪƱǨ Nj˶ǥǞ˟ǨǪǐˮǎ
ǬǥưǨǡnjǥƶǎǧ nj˟ǨǎǥǍ˰Ǐlj˲ưǘǖưǨǘǫǓnjǗ˪Ǐǥư ǖ˝ǎǪǐˮǎǬǥưǨǡnjǥƶ nj˟ǨǎǐǛ˝lj
NJˢǥƶnj˸ǨǥǧǮǘǡ˝ưǥǗ˟Ǩƶ ǪǘǨƶƶ ǫǢǖ ǪǘǨǞ˟ǨƷǧǓ˝ưǡ˝ưǢǎ˟ǥǗ ǬǥưǨǡnjǥƶ ǪǢǎˠ˶ǥǗǖǨư
NJǥǎǎǎˣ˝ ǎǧ ƹư˿ ǖǨưƳǥ˶ ǓǙǠǕǨƳǖ ǭƹǮ˟ Ǣǖ ǖNj˰ ǎ˿ ǨǗǎ ưǘưǀǨƳǖ Ǭǥ ˢ ǪǢǎˠǥ˶ ǗƷǧNJǨǗǫǛǞˢ
ǓǥǛǥ˭ ưǐǏ˿˧ ǐǛlj˝ ƷǧNJǥˢ ƶnjǨ˸ ǥǧǮǘǡư˝ ǥǗǨ˟ ƶ ǔƶ˞ ưǥˢ ƶǥǗǭ́˟ ǎǢ ́ ǪǛǗǖǨǎƶˠ˝ Ƴlj˰ ǪưǗ˲ˠ ǞưǏ˝ Ǫǘˠǥ˶ ƶǎˣ˲
Ƴ˸ǨǞ˟Ǩ ž Ʒ˴ƶǪư˰ljƱˣǎ˴ Ɏ
ɎǑǖǎƶˠ˝ ǥǗǭ́˟ ǎǢǥˢ ƶǑǖưǎ˭ ư˴ Njƶ˴ NJǥǎǎǎˣ˝ ǪƳǗnjǨ˸ Ǫǘˠǥ˶ ƶƶǨǎƹǖ˿ ƹǎǥǗǪ́˟ ǘǨǪǘǗ˲ ưǞǨ˟
ǥǗ˟ǨƶƱǥƶǑǖ ǪǘǨǖ˲Ǫǘ˲Ǘư e žž Ƴ˶ǥǪƱˢǨǮǐNJǘǞƷǘ˝ưǠǨ Ǫǥ˥ǧ ǪǘǨǏǥưǥǗ˟Ǩƶǎ˲ˣ
Ʒǧǖ˲nj˲ǖǮǢǖ ǪƱˢǨǮǐƸ˲ljǞ˝Ƴƺ˲ǎǮljˢǮǢǖ ǪƱˢǨǮǐNJǘǞƷ Ǒǖư˭ǪǐˮǎƳǎǭǢˢƹˠ˶ǥ ž
Ǫljǖ˰ ƹˠǥ˶ ǐǘǧǢǛǨlj ɓ ǑǖưǪ˭ ǛǗǭǢƹˢ ˠǥ˶ ńĸŞšûĖûĺŨěƑû p½J%ȼDzǺ ûŨŞńĺŨû žûÓĸ
Ƴ˶ǥǢǖǨǗNj˴ƶǪƱǨǢǗ˿ljư˝ǎǢǖlj ǪǘǨư˭ǪƱˢǨǮǐ ư˭Ƴ˶ǥǪƱˢǨǮǐǢǨǞ˟Ǩǖ˲ǭƳǘǖ˲ǬǘƳǮǢǖ ǖ˲ǬǘƳ
ưƷ˭ Ǐ˝ ǖǨǘư˝ ǠǨ NjǨˢ ǖǬ˲ ǘƳǥǗǪ́˟ ǘǨưǘ˭ ư˝ ǠǨǪƱǨǥǗǫ́˟ NJǭ˟ ǎǏǨˢ ǎ ưǪ˭ ƹˠǥ˶ ǖNJǥ˟ Ǐǘư˰ ǨǘǖƳ˲ ǎǖǨljǎ́ ǧ
ǪƱǨˢ ǮǐƸlj˲ ǞƳ˝ ƺǎ˲ ǪƱǨˢ ǮǐNJǘǞƷƳǎǮƱ ˢ ǪƱǨˢ ǮǐNJǘǞƷ žZ ǭǎƹǖ˿ ƹǎǖǨư ưǪ˭ ǐǎˮ ưǨǘƳǎˢ ǢǨ
Ƴǥ˶ NJǥǎǎǎˣ˝ ǭǢǎˢ ƶ˰ˠ ǪƸǗ ɓ ǖǎ˝ ưǢ˭ Ǘlj˿ ǫǛǞˢ ǫNJǪ˟ ǘǨǥǗǨưƷǧǪƱǨˢ ǮǐǪƹˠǥ˶ ǖƹǖ˿ ƹǎ ƺƶˠ˴ ǭǎưǘƶ˿ ǪnjǓɔ
Ʒǘƶ˰ ɓ ž Ǫư˰ljƱˣǎ˴ ǪǓǘǨǧưǘ˿ƶǪnjǓɔ ǭǎƹǎǏnjǑǖǞ˟Ǩǖǎ˝ ư˭ǮǖǪ˟ ǐǎˮ ǮǘǢǘǥư ǫNJ˟Ǫư˰lj
ưǨǘǘǧǏǨljǭǎƹ˿ǖƹǎǪư˰ljƱˣ˴ǎ NJˢǥƶǪǥǨnj˲ǖǪƱˢǨǮǐǭǎƹ˿ǖƹǎ ǪƱˢǨǮǐnj˸ǨǮǖ ǭǢˢǪƱǨǢǗ˿lj
ǥǗ́˟ǪƸǗ ɓ ǪǘǨư˭ǮǐNJǘǞƷǞ˟Ǩǖ˲Ǫƹˣ˶ǥǮǢǖ ǖ˲Ǫƹˣ˶ǥư˭ǘ˲Ǐǘ˝ưǠǨ ǫǗưǬǘƳ NjˢǨǮǖ˟ǖ˲ǥǧǮǘ
ư˭ Ƹ˲ lj Ǟ˝ Ƴ ƺ˲ ǎ Ǫ Ʊˢ Ǩ Ǯ ǐ Ƹ˲ lj Ǟ˝ Ƴ ƺ˲ ǎ Ǫ Ǔˠ ˶ ǥ ǐˤ ǥ ƶ ư˝ ǎ Ǭ ǘ Ƴ ǭ Ǣˢ Ƴ Ǟ Ǩ ǖ ǘ́ˢ Njˢ Ǩ Ǫ ǘ Ǩ Ǫ Ʒ ǥ Ƴ ǎ ǐˡ Ǟ Ǘ
ǪƱǨǘ˝ưǠǨnjˠ˲ǏˢǨǎǪǐǎˮ ǫǏǏ EJ ȴEńĸû JŨńįÓűěńĺȵ ư˭ǮǐǫǎǧǎǨ˸ ǫǛǧǪƹˠ˶ǥǖNJ˟ǥǏǘ˰ưǨǘ
Ƴ˿ Lj Ǣ ǖ ǥ ǖ Ǩ ǫ Ǜˢ Ǟ ǭ Ǣˢ Ǫ Ǐ ǥ ǘ˪ Ǭ nj ǘ ǟ˝ Ǔ nj˪ Ǫ ǥ Ǩ Ǘ Ǩ Ǯ ǐ ǭ Ǣˢ ǎˠ˲ ư˭ Ǫ ǐˮ ǎ Ǫ ǘˠ ˶ ǥ ƶ Ʊ ǥ ƶ  ž
nj˲ˠnj˸ǨǭǢˢǪư˰ljưǨǘǪƹˠǥ˶ ǖǬǗƶ ǥ˝ǎǎưˣ˲ ˭Ǯǖǖ˟ ǭ˲ ǎǘǧǏǏ ưǘ˿ƶǪnjǓɔ Ǯǖǖ˟ Ɏ˲
ǐǛlj˝ ưǘǧnjǘǞƶǡǨǍǨǘLjǡƱ˿ ǥǍǏ˰ ǨǗǞǨ˟ ưǘ˿ƶǪnjǓɔ ƺƶˠ˴ Ǫǐǎˮ ǪƱNJǐưƳǘǥƶǓǪ˰ ǟǠ
ǘǧǏǏǡǨǍǨǘLjǡƱ˿ ǮǖƱ˟ ƶ˴ NJǘƶ˴ ǪǢǖǥ˶ ǎư˝Ǐnjˠ˲ưǘǧnjǘǞƶǡǨǍǨǘLjǡƱ˿ ljǫ́ Ǜnjˠ˝ǞǐǘǧǪnjǟ
Ɏưǘ˿ƶǪnjǓɔ ǮǖǮ˟ ljˢǪǐǎˮ ǘǧǏǏnj˲ˠƱƶ˴ NJǘƶ˴ ǫǏǏƱǥƶǪǘǨ nj˲ˠǭǎƷ˝ƶǢǞ˝ljƱǥƶǪǘǨǎˣǎ˝
ǭǎǫNJǛ˟ ǧnjƱ˲ˠ ǥƶǡǨǍǨǘLjǡƱ˿ Ʒǧǖ ˲ ǡǨǍǨǘLjǡƱ˿ Ʒƶ˝ ǢǞlj˝ ǡǨǍǨǘLjǡƱ˿ ǥǨ˸ ǪǕǥ ǖǬ˲ ǘƶǓǗǨǏǨǛ
Ʒ˝ƶǢǞ˝lj ǬǘƶǓǗǨǏǨǛǥ˸ǨǪǕǥ ǖ˲ǬǘƶǓǗǨǏǨǛNJ˸ǨǏǛ ǖ˲ ǥǡǖȣǪǘǨǘ́ˢƷ˝ưnj˿ưǏˢǨǎ ǪǓǘǨǧ
ǪǘǨǖ˲ǫǑǎnjˠ˲nj˿ưǏˢǨǎ ǏˢǨǎǎ˲ˣǖ˲ǭƳǘǥǗ́˟ǏˢǨƶ ǖ˲ƳǎǐˡǞǗưˠ˲ƳǎǪǘǨnj˸ǨǮǞˢǢǖlj Ǫư˰ljǪǢNJ˿

mºG"ȷǭǵɑNJLJǎˢǜ˳Ʋlj˜ƮǙǣǑǥƬ˔ǑǦƬ˟ƱǜǣLjǣǓǃǜ˱ƬǩLJǒ 53

Ǫǖˠǥ˶ ǮǢǘ˟ǐ˦ Ǐ˱ ǪǘǨǡǨǖǨǘNjǪƱˢǨǮǐǮljˢnj˝ǎnj˲ ǫNJ˟ưǘ˿ƶǪnjǓɔ Ǯǖǖ˟ ǘ˲ ǧǏǏǎ ˲ˣ Ǯǖǘ˟ ́ǭˢ ƳǘǪǐǎˮ ǭƳǘ
ǥǗ́˟nj˲ˠǮǢǎư˭Ǯǖ˟ǘ́ˢ ǪǞǛǨǖ˲ƳǎǐˡǞǗǖ˲ǥǧǮǘư˭Ǯǖ˟ǡǨǖǨǘNjnj˲ˠƷǧǪƱˢǨǮǐlj́ǫǛǥǧǮǘNJ˟Ǩƶ ɓ Ǯljˢ
ǖǎ˝ ưǪ˭ ǛǗǪưlj˰ ǐƾ˞ ǢǨ Ƴǥ˶ ǓǞưǪǘǨnjǭ˲ˠ ǎNJǨ˟ ƶƷƶ˝ ǢǞlj˝ ǥǡǖȣư ˭ ǪǥǨˢ ǏǨˢ ǎǏƾ˿ ǖǪ˲ ƱǨǮǖǡ˟ ǏǨǗǫǛǞˢ
ǪƱǨǢǥǏ ǬnjǘǮǐǬǘƶǓǗǨǏǨǛƹ˿ǖƹǎ Ǣǘǥ˶ ǬnjǘǮǐǬǘƶǓǗǨǏǨǛǡƶ˟ Ǫǡǘǖ˰ ǡƱ˿ ǕǨǓNJ˸ǨǏǛ
ǪƱǨư˭Ʒ˝ljǘNjǖǨlj́ Ǣǘ˶ǥƹ˟ǞǗư˝ǎǢǥǏǢˣ˰Ǟư˝ǎǮǐǫǛˢǞư˭Ǯǐlj́ nj˸ǨǮljˢ ǫNJ˟nj˲ˠưǘ˿ƶǪnjǓɔ Ǯǖ˟ǖ˲
NJ˝ǞǭƳǘNJ˝Ǟǖǎ˝ Ǯǖ˟Ǯljˢǖ˲ǘǧǏǏǎˣ ˲ ƱǥƶǪǘǨǖNj˲ ˴ƶǘǧǏǏǪƱǨǪǘ˲ǗưǥǧǮǘǎǧ ưǨǘǛƶnjǧǪǏ˲Ǘǎ
ƳǘǥǏƳǘ˝Ǟ =ÓĸěįƘ Ďńįõûš ǪǘǨǖ˲ǢǖǥǡǨǖǢǖǥ Ƴ˶ǥǪǘǨƱ˴ƶǢǖljnj˿ưƳǎ ǘ́ˢǢǖlj
ǫNJ˟ưǘ˿ƶǪnjǓɔ Ǯǖǖ˟ ˲ =ÓĸěįƘ Ďńįõûš ƳǎǪƱǨˢ Ƴǎǥǥư ǥǗ́ǭ˟ ǎƳǥǎǬljǪƱǨˢ ǡǨǖǪlj˶ǥǎǥǥư
Ǯǖǘ˟ ́ǭˢ ƳǘǪǐǎˮ ǭƳǘ Ɏ

ȭ +p ƳǛ˝ƶǡǖǥƶ ǫǛǧ ǢǞ˝ ǭƷ ǡǬ́ˢ ƳǞ˰lj DzǺ •
ɎǵDZDZ ưǞ˟ǨƳǘˣ˝ƶ njˠ˲ǐǘǧƹ˿ǖ +p ư˝ǎnj˿ưǪƹˢǨ Ǹ ǬǖƶƳǘˠ˴ƶ Nj˴ƶ Ǻ Ǭǖƶ
NJˣ˝ ƶ ǫ NJ˟ Ǭ Ƴ Ǟ˰ lj Dz Ǻ Ƴ ǘˣ˝ ƶ ǫ ǘ ư Ǫ ǐˮ ǎ NJˢ ǎ ǖ Ǩ Ǫ ǘ Ǩ nj˸ Ǩ ƶ Ǩ ǎ ư˝ ǎ Ǣ ǎ˝ ư ǖ Ǩ ư ǥ ƶ Ƴ˪ ǐ ǘ ǧ ư ǥ Ǐ
ƱǥƶƳLjǧưǘǘǖưǨǘ ǮǖǮ˟ ljˢǪǐǎˮ ǪƸǓǨǧƱǥƶưǘǖ Ǣǘǥ˶ ǭǎưǘǧnjǘǞƶǡǨǍǨǘLjǡƱ˿ Ǫnj˟Ǩǎˣǎ˝
Ǘƶ˝ ǖǡ˲ Ǟ˟ ǎǥˠ˶ǎ ɓ nj˲ˠǪƱǨˢ ǖǨǖǡ˲ Ǟ˟ ǎǘǞ˟ ǖ njˣ˝ƶǥǨƷǨǘǗǫ˪ ǓnjǗ ˪ ǫǛǧǑǪ́ˢ ƹǗˠ˲ ǞƹǨƾǥ˲ưǢǛǨǗƳǎ
ǐǘǧǪǖǎ˰ ǡNjǨǎưǨǘLjnj˪ ư˿ Ǟ˝ǎ ưǪ˭ Ǣǖǥ˶ ǎǞǥǘǘ˪ ́ǖǎǎˠ˝ ǫǢǛǧ ǖư˲ ǨǘǞ˰ǪƳǘǨǧǢǡ˪ NjǨǎưǨǘLj˪
njˠ˲Ǫǘ˲ǗưǞ˟Ǩ ”ěűŹÓűěńĺ ĺÓįƘŨěŨ ư˭Ƴ˶ǥǞ˰ǪƳǘǨǧǢ˪ǡNjǨǎưǨǘLj˪Ǟ˟ǨNJǥǎǎ˲ˣǐǘǧǪnjǟǪǘǨ
ǪǐˮǎǥǗ˟ǨƶǮǘ NJǘƶƷ˿ljǮǢǎǖ˲ǐ˞ƾǢǨ ƱǥƶNJ˟ǨƶǐǘǧǪnjǟǪǐˮǎǥǗ˟ǨƶǮǘ ǫǛǧǖǨư˸ǨǢǎlj
Ǫǐǎˮ ǖǨNJǘưǨǘNJǨ˟ ƶ ɓ Ǫǡǎǥ ǟǏƳȣǖư˲ Ǩǘǡƶˠ˝ ưǨǘ ǖư˲ ǨǘǥǥưưǀǢǖǨǗ ǖư˲ ǨǘǥǥưǘǧǪǏǗ˲ Ǐ
Ʊǥˢ Ǐƶ˝ Ƴ˝Ǐ Ʊǥˢ ǡƶˠ˝ ưǨǘƱǥƶ ǟǏƳȣ ǑǖNJˢǥƶǏǨǛǨǎƺnj˪ ˣ˝ƶnjǨƶljˢǨǎưǨǘǫǓnjǗǡ˪ ǨǍǨǘLjǡƱ˿
ǒˡ Ǩ Ǘ nj˲ ǖ Ǫ ǡ ǎ Ǩ Ǎ˰ ư Ǩ ǘ Ǒ ǖ njˣ˝ ƶ Ǣ ǖ lj Ƴ˶ ǥ ǒˡ Ǩ Ǘ Ǣ ǖ ǥ Ǫ ǘ Ǩ ư˭ ǖ ǥ ƶ njˣ˝ ƶ ư Ǩ ǘ ǫ Ǔ nj Ǘ˪ ǫ Ǜ ǧ
ǡ Ǩ Ǎ Ǩ ǘ Lj ǡ˿ Ʊ ǎ ǧ ư Ǩ ǘ ǫ Ǔ nj Ǘ˪ ư˭ Ǣ ǖ Ǩ Ǘ Ƴ Ǟ Ǩ ǖ Ǟ˟ Ǩ Ǫ Ƴ ǘ˟ ƶ Ƴ ǘ˝ lj ǖ Ǩ ư ǘˢ ǥ Ǘ Ǫ ǐ ǥ ǘ˪ Ǫ ƺ˭ ǎ NJ˪
ǡǨǍǨǘLjǡƱ˿ ǎ ˲ˠ ljƳ́ ǎǡǞ˟ ǎǭǢƾ ˟ NJˢǥƶǪƷǥưǎ˝ nj˲ˠǘǧlj˝ǏǢǎˠƶ˴ Ʒ˿ljnjˠ˲ƳǞǨǖǪǡǗˠ˲ ƶnj˲ˠǗǥǖǘǏ˝ Ǯljˢ
ǫǛǧNJˢǥƶǪư˰ljǐǘǧǬǗƹǎlj˪ ˢǞǗɎ
ǐǛ˝ljưǘǧnjǘǞƶǡǨǍǨǘLjǡ˿Ʊ ưǛ˟ǨǞNj˴ƶưǨǘnj˸ǨǢǎˢǨnjˠ˲Ǒ́ˢǏ˝ƾƹǨưǨǘ
ǟ́ ǎ Ǘ˪ ǐ ǂ˰ Ǐ˝ NJ˰ ư Ǩ ǘ Ƹ˿ ư Ǫ Ƹ˰ ǎ ljˢ Ǩ ǎ ư Ǩ ǘ ǫ Ǔ nj Ǘ˪ ǫ Ǜ ǧ ǡ Ǩ Ǎ Ǩ ǘ Lj ǡ˿ Ʊ ȴ Š Ź î į ě ï E û Ó į ű Ė
+ĸûšďûĺïƘ pŞûšÓűěńĺ ûĺűûš ȥ ŠE+p ȵ Ǣǘ˶ǥǪǘ˲Ǘưư˝ǎǗ˟ǥ ɓ Ǟ˟Ǩ +p
ƺˠ˴ƶǖ˲ǘǥƶǐǛ˝ljưǘǧnjǘǞƶ ǥǍǏ˰ lj˲ƷǨưưǘǖnj˿ưưǘǖ Ǐ˿ƳǛǨưǘǡǨǍǨǘLjǡ˿Ʊ ƳLjǧǫǓnjǗ˪
ǫǛǧǑˢ́Ǫƹˠ˲ǗǞƹǨƾljˢǨǎǡǨǍǨǘLjǡ˿ƱƷǨưǢǛǨǗǕǨƳǡ˟Ǟǎ ǫǏ˟ƶǕǨǘư˰Ʒǘ˝ǏǑ˰ljƹǥǏ
ǪǐˮǎưǛ˟ǥƶƶǨǎ Ǫǐˮǎǟ́ǎǗ˪Ǐ˝ƾƹǨưǨǘǪưǨǧNJ˰ljǡNjǨǎưǨǘLj˪ Ʊˢǥǖ́ǛƱ˟ǨǞǡǨǘ Ǟ˰ǪƳǘǨǧǢ˪
ǐǘǧǪǖ˰ǎƳǞǨǖǪǡˠ˲Ǘƶ ǫǛǧư˸ǨǢǎljǖǨNJǘưǨǘ ǘǧǪǏ˲ǗǏ ǫǎǞǐǂ˰Ǐ˝NJ˰ ǐǘǧǡǨǎ
Ǫƹˠ˶ǥǖNJ˟ǥư˝Ǐ ǟǏƳȣ ȴǟ́ǎǗ˪Ǐǘ˰ǢǨǘǡNjǨǎưǨǘLj˪ưǨǘǫǓǘ˟ǘǧǏǨljƱǥƶǬǘƳNJ˰ljǪƹˣ˶ǥ
ǮǞǘǡ˝ ǬƳǬǘǎǨ dzDZDzǺȵ ǘǧlj˝ǏǎǬǗǏǨǗ ǪǓˠǥ˶ Ʒ˝ljưǨǘǞ˰ưǙNJǡNjǨǎưǨǘLjư˪ ǨǘǘǧǏǨljǭǢƾ˟
ƱǥƶǬǘƳǥ˿ǏNJ˝ ˰ǭǢǖ ˟ Ƴǘˣƶ˝ ǎˣ˲

54 mºG"ȷǭǵɑNJLJǎˢǜ˳Ʋlj˜ƮǙǣǑǥƬ˔ǑǦƬ˟ƱǜǣLjǣǓǃǜ˱ƬǩLJǒ

ǎǨǗǫǓnjǗ˪ǬǥǕǨǡ ǥǍ˰Ǐlj˲ưǘǖƳǞǏƳ˿ǖǬǘƳ ǖǥƶǞ˟Ǩ ǪǐˮǎƳǘˣ˝ƶǫǘưnj˲ˠǪǢ˭ǎ
Ǯljˢƹ˝ljǪƷǎNj˴ƶưǨǘưǘǧƷǨǗǥ˸ǨǎǨƷljˢǨǎǡǨǍǨǘLjǡ˿ƱǛƶǮǐǡ́˟njˢǥƶNj˰ˠǎ ǭǢˢǥ˸ǨǎǨƷ
Ǒ́ˢǞ˟ǨǘǨƹưǨǘƷ˝ƶǢǞ˝ljǪǐǎˮ Ǒ́ˢǎ˸Ǩ ǘ˟Ǟǖư˝ǏǎǨǗǫǓnjǗ˪ǡǨǍǨǘLjǡ˿ƱƷ˝ƶǢǞ˝ljǫǛǧǕǨƳǡ˟Ǟǎ
njǪ˲ˠ ưǗˠ˲ ǞƱǥˢ ƶ ǏǘǢ˰ ǨǘƷlj˝ ưǨǘǡNjǨǎưǨǘLjǬ˪ ǘƳǬƳǞlj˰ DzǺ ǭǎǘǧljǏ˝ Ǔˣǎ˶ nj ˠ˲ ǭǎǏnjǏǨnjǢǎǨˢ nj˲ˠ
ƱǥƶƳLjǧưǘǘǖưǨǘǬǘƳNJ˰ljNJ˟ǥƷ˝ƶǢǞ˝lj Ǣǘ˶ǥ +p Ʒ˝ƶǢǞ˝lj ǕǨǗǭNJˢǓǘǧǘǨƹǏ˝ƾƾ˝NJ˰
ǬǘƳNJ˰ljNJ˟ǥǫǢ˟ƶƹǨNJ˰ Ǔȣǟȣ dzǶǶǹ ƺˠ˴ƶǬƳǞ˰lj DzǺ nj˸ǨǭǢˢǏnjǏǨnjƱǥƶ +p Ʒ˝ƶǢǞ˝lj
ǖƳ˲ ǞǨǖǪƱǖˢ ǫƱƶ˭ ǖǨưƱˣǎ˴ ǎǏ˝ Ǫǐǎˮ ǡǞ˟ ǎǡǨ˸ Ƴ˝ƾǗƶˠ˰ njˠ˲ǡƶ˟ ǑǛNJ˟ǥƳǞǨǖǡǨ˸ ǪǘƷ˭ ǭǎưǨǘƷ˝ljưǨǘ
Ǟ˰ưǙNJƳǘˣƶ˝ ǎˣ˲

mºG"ȷǭǵɑNJLJǎˢǜ˳Ʋlj˜ƮǙǣǑǥƬ˔ǑǦƬ˟ƱǜǣLjǣǓǃǜ˱ƬǩLJǒ 55

Ɏ+p Ʒƶ˝ ǢǞlj˝ ƷǧǏǘǢ˰ ǨǘƷlj˝ ưǨǘǡNjǨǎưǨǘLjǬ˪ ƳǞlj˰ DzǺ NJǨǖǏǘǏ˰ njƱǥƶǓˣǎ˶ njˠ˲
ǪǐˮǎƳǘˣ˝ƶǫǘưnjˠ˲ǪǢ˭ǎǮljˢƹ˝ljǞ˟Ǩ Ǒ́ˢǞ˟Ǩɔ ư˝ǏǡǨǍǨǘLjǡ˿Ʊǖ˲ǡ˟Ǟǎǘ˟Ǟǖǖ˲ǥ˸ǨǎǨƷ ǡ˝ƶǪưNJƷǨư
ǪƱǨǥǥưǥǧǮǘƱǥƶǪƱǨǮljˢǪǥƶ ǑǖǪƹˠ˶ǥǞ˟Ǩǖ˝ǎǪǐˮǎǎǞ˝NJưǘǘǖnjˠ˲lj˲ǎǧ ǥ˝ǎǎˣ˲ǪǐˮǎưǨǘ
ưǘǧƷǨǗǥ˸ǨǎǨƷnjˠ˲lj˲ǖǨưǪǛǗɎ
ǎǨǗǫǓnjǗ˪Ǎƶƹ˝Ǘ ư˲ǘNJ˰Ǣ˝NJNjǗǨưǘ ǘǥƶǐǛ˝ljưǘǧnjǘǞƶǡǨǍǨǘLjǡ˿Ʊ
ǪǢ˭ǎNJǘƶư˝ǎǫǛǧǖǥƶǞ˟Ǩ ưǛǮưưǨǘnj˸ǨƶǨǎƱǥƶƳLjǧưǘǘǖưǨǘǬǘƳNJ˰ljNJ˟ǥƷ˝ƶǢǞ˝lj
nj˸ǨǮljˢlj˲ Ǯǖǖ˟ ǐ˲ ƾ˞ ǢǨ ǖǪ˲ ǓǗ˲ ƶƹǞ˟ ƶǫǘư ɓ njˠ˲ǮǖǪ˟ ƱǨˢ ǭƷǪǘˠǥ˶ ƶǘǧǏǏǡƱ˿ ǕǨǓ
Ɏƹ˟Ǟƶǫǘư ɓ ǏǥưǞ˟ǨƶǨǎljˢǨǎǡ˿ƱǕǨǓǪǐˮǎƱǥƶǡǨǍǨǘLjǡ˿Ʊnjˣ˝ƶǢǖlj Ǫƹ˟ǎ
ưǨǘư˝ưNJ˝Ǟ ƺˠ˴ƶǏǨƶnj˲Ǯǖ˟Ʒ˸ǨǪǐˮǎNJˢǥƶǭƹˢǪƷˢǨǢǎˢǨnj˲ˠǡǨǍǨǘLjǡ˿ƱǪƱˢǨǮǐǥǗ́˟ư˭Ǯljˢ ǪƱǨư˭Ƴƶ
ưǛǞ˝ ưǎ˝ ǢǛƶ˝ ɓ ưǪ˭ ǘǖˠ˰ ljƱ˲ ǎˣ˴ ǪƱǨˢ ǭƷǪǘˠǥ˶ ƶƱǥƶǬǘƳǖǨưƱǎˣ˴ ǪǓǘǨǧưǨǘǘǏ˝ ǖǥ˶ ưǏ˝ ǬǘƳǘǧǏǨlj
NJˢǥƶǖnj˲ ư˿ ǕǨƳǡǞ˟ ǎǪƱǨˢ ǖǨǭǢƳˢ ǞǨǖǘǞ˟ ǖǖǥ˶ Ɏ
ljˢǞǗǡNjǨǎưǨǘLj˪ǫǓǘ˟ǘǧǏǨljǛ˿ưǛǨǖǮǐnjˠ˝ǞǬǛư ǫǛǧƱˢǥǖ́ǛƱ˟ǨǞǡǨǘ
nj˲ˠǘǞljǪǘ˭ǞǖǨư nj˸ǨǭǢˢưǨǘƷ˝ljưǨǘư˝ǏǬǘƳǘǧǏǨljǕǨǗǭǎǐǘǧǪnjǟNJˢǥƶǪƹˠ˶ǥǖǬǗƶ
ưǏ˝ NJ˟ǨƶǐǘǧǪnjǟ Ʒ˸ǨǪǐǎˮ NJˢǥƶǭƹǥˢ ˸ǨǎǨƷǡˠƶ˝ ưǨǘnjˠ˝ǞǐǘǧǪnjǟ ǟǎ́ ǗǏ˪ ǘǢ˰ ǨǘǡNjǨǎưǨǘLj˪
ưǨǘǫǓǘ˟ǘǧǏǨljƱǥƶǬǘƳNJ˰ljǪƹˣ˶ǥǬƳǞ˰lj DzǺ ȴǟǏƳȣȵ Ʒ˴ƶǪƱˢǨǖǨǖ˲ǏnjǏǨnjǡ˸ǨƳ˝ƾ
ǪǓˠǥ˶ Ʒ˝ljưǨǘǬǘƳǘǧǏǨljǭǎǘǧlj˝ǏǐǘǧǪnjǟ
ǎǨǗǫǓnjǗư˪ NJ˰ NJǟ˰ ư˝ lj ˫˰ ǥư˝ ǠǘǞƶǟ ˪ Ǒƹ́ˢ Ǟ˟ ǗǐǛlj˝ ưǘǧnjǘǞƶǡǨǍǨǘLjǡƱ˿ ǏǥưǞǨ˟
ưǨǘnj˸ǨƶǨǎǘǧǢǞ˟ǨƶưǘǧnjǘǞƶǡǨǍǨǘLjǡƱ˿ ǘǞ˟ ǖưǏ˝ ǘDŽ˝ ǏǨǛ ǖư˲ ǨǘƷ˝ljưǨǘnjˠ˲Ǫǐǎˮ ǘǧǏǏ
ɎǐǘǧǪnjǟǪǘǨnjǪ˲ˠ Ǣǎ˭ ǭǎǕǨǓưǞǨˢ ƶ ɓ ǥǗǨ˟ ƶnjư˿ Ǟǎ˝ ǎǕ˲ˣ ǨǗǭNJǘˢ DŽ˝ ǏǨǛnjljˠ˲ Ǩ˸ Ǫǎǎ˰ ưǨǘ
ǫǛǧǖ˲ưǘǧnjǘǞƶǡǨǍǨǘLjǡ˿ƱǪǐˮǎǢǎ˟ǞǗƶǨǎǢǛ˝ưnj˲ˠƷǧƷ˝ljưǨǘǪǘˠ˶ǥƶǓǞưǎˣ˲ ǖ˝ǎǖ˲
ưǨǘǏǘ˰ǢǨǘƷ˝ljưǨǘǪǐˮǎǘǧǏǏǭǎưǨǘNJǥǏǬNJˢǕǨǞǧƸ˿ưǪƸ˰ǎ NJˣ˝ƶưǨǘǐǘǧƹ˿ǖnj˲ˠǪǘ˲ǗưǞ˟Ǩ
+p ǟ́ǎǗ˪ǐǂ˰Ǐ˝NJ˰ưǨǘnjǨƶưǨǘǫǓnjǗ˪ǡǨǍǨǘLjǡ˿Ʊnj˲ˠǖ˲ǢǛǨǗ ɓ ǕǨƳǡ˟ǞǎǪƱˢǨǖǨ
ǪǓˠ˶ǥƹ˟ǞǗǘ˟Ǟǖư˝ǎǞ˰ǪƳǘǨǧǢ˪ ǐǘǧǪǖ˰ǎ ǫǛǧƱˢǥǡˠ˝ƶưǨǘ ǥǥưǖǨNJǘưǨǘ ǭǢˢƱˢǥǖ́Ǜ
ǐǘǧƹǨƹǎ ǏǥưNjƶ˴ ƳǞǨǖǓǘǥˢ ǖ ǓǗǨưǘLjǡ˪ NjǨǎưǨǘLjǮ˪ ǐǭǎǕǨǗǢǎǨˢ ǞǨ˟ ǐǘǧǖǨLjǎˣ˲
ƷǧǪư˰ljǥǧǮǘƱˣ˴ǎ Ǫǖˠ˶ǥǮǢǘ˟ ǪǐˮǎƱˣ˝ǎǪǐˮǎNJǥǎ NjˢǨǓˢǎƷǨưƱˣ˝ǎǎˣ˲ǮǐǫǛˢǞƷǧǖ˲ Ǫǘ˲ǗưǞ˟Ǩ
ǟǐưȣǡǍȣ ƺˠ˴ƶǫNJ˟ƶNJˣ˝ƶǬljǗ ǟǏƳȣǫǐǛǞ˟Ǩǖ˝ǎǪǐˮǎNJ˝Ǟǥǎ˿ǖ˝NJ˰ ǡǖǖNJ˰NjˢǨǖ˲Ǫǘˠ˶ǥƶǐǘǧǪlj˭ǎ
nj˲ˠǪǐˮǎƱˢǥǖǨNJǘưǨǘ Ʊˢǥǡˠ˝ƶưǨǘǥǧǮǘnjˠ˲Ʒ˸ǨǪǐˮǎNJˢǥƶǪǡǎǥ ǟǏƳȣǫǛˢǞǮǐǑ˟Ǩǎƹ˿ljǎˣ˝ǎ
ƹ˿ljǎˣǎ˝ ƷǧǐǘǧưǥǏljˢǞǗưǛ˟˿ǖǎưˣ˲ Ǜ˟˿ǖǪlj˰ǖ ǫǛǧǖǕ˲ ǨƳǥˠ˶ǎǪƱˢǨǖǨǥ˲ư njǨƶnjǢǨǘ NJ˸ǨǘǞƷ
ǕǨƳǪǥưƹǎ Ǣǎ˟ǞǗƶǨǎǬǘƶǓǗǨǏǨǛǪǥưƹǎ NJ˝ǞǫnjǎǪƱˢǨǖǨ ǖǨǭǢˢƳǞǨǖǪǢ˭ǎ
ǖǢǨljǮnjǗ ǖǨǢǖljǪǛǗǎǧ nj˿ưǥǗ˟ǨƶǖǨǘ˟Ǟǖư˝ǎǫǛˢǞư˭ǥǎ˿ǖ˝NJ˰ ǫǛˢǞǪƱˢǨ ǟǏƳȣǪǐˮǎNJˢǎ
Ƹǧǎˣ˝ǎǖ˝ǎǖ˲ǘǧǏǏ ǖ˲Ʊˣ˝ǎNJǥǎǪǗǥǧ ǖ˲ưǨǘnj˸ǨǪǐˮǎƱˣ˝ǎǪǐˮǎNJǥǎ Ǯǖ˟ƶˣ˝ǎǐǘǧǪnjǟǪǘǨ
ǮǖǪ˟ ǎǗ˲ˣ ǏƱǎǨljǎɎ˲ˣ
ǕǨǗǭNJưˢ ǨǘnjǨ˸ ƶǨǎǘǧljǏ˝ ǐǘǧǪnjǟǑǨ˟ ǎưǛǮư ǟǏƳȣnjǨ˸ ǭǢǖˢ Ǣ˲ ǎǞ˟ ǗƶǨǎNJǨ˟ ƶ ɓ
ǪƱˢǨǖǨǖ˲ǡ˟Ǟǎǘ˟ǞǖǪǐˮǎƷ˸ǨǎǞǎǖǨư njˣ˝ƶǒˡǨǗnjǢǨǘ ǒˡǨǗǐưƳǘǥƶ ǫǛǧnj˿ưưǘǧnjǘǞƶ

56 mºG"ȷǭǵɑNJLJǎˢǜ˳Ʋlj˜ƮǙǣǑǥƬ˔ǑǦƬ˟ƱǜǣLjǣǓǃǜ˱ƬǩLJǒ

nj˲ˠǪưˠ˲ǗǞƱˢǥƶ ǥǍ˰Ǐlj˲ưǘǖƳǞǏƳ˿ǖǬǘƳǏǥưǞ˟Ǩ ǖǨNJǘưǨǘNJ˟Ǩƶ ɓ ǪǓˠ˶ǥǏǘ˰ǢǨǘƷ˝ljưǨǘ
ǡNjǨǎưǨǘLjƺ˪ ƶˠ˴ ǖǑ˲ ǛưǘǧnjǏNJǥ˟ ǐǘǧƹǨƹǎǪǐǎˮ ƷǨ˸ ǎǞǎǖǨưǪǐǎˮ Ǯǐǭǎnjǟ˰ njǨƶǪljǗ˲ Ǟưǎ˝
ǮljˢǘǏ˝ ƳǞǨǖǘǞ˟ ǖǖǥ˶ ƷǨưǕǨƳǪǥưƹǎ ǫǛǧǕǨƳǐǘǧƹǨǡƶ˝ ƳǖǪǐǎˮ Ʒ˸ǨǎǞǎǖǨưljˢǞǗ
Ɏ Ƴ ƶ Ǫ ǐˮ ǎ Ƴ ǘˣ˝ ƶ ǫ ǘ ư ɓ ǖˣ˝ ƶ NJˣ˝ ƶ ǫ NJ˟ nj˲ˠ ǖ˲ Ǐ˝ ǎ nj˴ ư ǖ Ǩ nj˲ˠ Ǒ́ˢ Ʒ˝ lj ư Ǩ ǘ Ǫ ǘˠ˶ ǥ ƶ ǎ˲ˣ
ǪǐˮǎǎǨǗưǘ˝DŽǖǎNJǘ˲ Ƴ˶ǥ ǟǏƳȣnj˲ˠǪǐˮǎǑˢ́njˠ˲ǖ˲ǥ˸ǨǎǨƷǭǎưǨǘǘ˝ǏǑ˰ljƹǥǏǖǨưnj˲ˠǡ˿lj
NjˢǨǪnj˲ǗǏư˝Ǐǥ˝ǎǥˠ˶ǎǎǧ Ǔǥǖ˲ ǟǏƳȣǪƱǨư˭ƷǧǪǐˮǎǟ́ǎǗ˪ǘǞǖƱˢǥǖ́ǛƱ˟ǨǞǡǨǘ ǫǛǧ
ǖǨǐǘǧǪǖ˰ǎǡNjǨǎưǨǘLj˪ Ǟ˟ǨNJǥǎǎˣ˲ǐǘǧǪnjǟǪǘǨǪǐˮǎǗ˝ƶǮƶ NJǘƶƷ˿ljǮǢǎǖ˲ǐ˞ƾǢǨ
ƱǥƶNJ˟ǨƶǐǘǧǪnjǟǪǐˮǎǥǗ˟ǨƶǮǘ ǫǛǧǖǨư˸ǨǢǎljǪǐˮǎǖǨNJǘưǨǘNJ˟Ǩƶ ɓ ǖ˲ưǨǘǡˠ˝ƶưǨǘ
ǖư˲ ǨǘǥǥưưǀǢǖǨǗ ǖư˲ ǨǘǥǥưǘǧǪǏǗ˲ ǏƱǥˢ Ǐƶ˝ Ƴ˝Ǐ Ʊǥˢ ǡˠƶ˝ ưǨǘƱǥƶ ǟǏƳȣ
Ɏ ǟǏƳȣǪƱǨƷǧǖ˲Ǣǎ˟ǞǗǐǘǧǡǨǎƶǨǎ Ƴ˶ǥ ǟǐưȣǟǏƳȣ nj˲ˠƹ˟ǞǗǐǘǧǡǨǎ
ǪǘǨư˭ǡ˟ƶƳǎǮǐǐǘǧǡǨǎư˝ǏǪƱǨ ƺˠ˴ƶǑ˟ǨǎǖǨư˭ǘǨǏǘˠ˶ǎ nj˸ǨƶǨǎǭǢˢǪư˲ǗǘNJ˰ƺˠ˴ƶư˝ǎǫǛǧư˝ǎ
ǪǓǘǨǧǡ˟ǞǎǭǢƾ˟NjˢǨǪǐˮǎǪǘˠ˶ǥƶnjǨƶưǨǘǫǓnjǗ˪ǫǛǧǡǨǍǨǘLjǡ˿ƱǪƱǨư˭ƷǧǪƹˠ˶ǥǪǘǨ
ǭǢƱˢ ǥˢ ǖǛ́ NJ˟Ǩƶ ɓ Ƴ˟ǥǎƱǨˢ ƶlj˲Ɏ

njǨƶljˢǨǎǎǨǗǫǓnjǗ˪Ǫư˲ǗǘNJ˰Ǖ́ǖ˰ ǐǛ˝ljưǘǧnjǘǞƶǡǨǍǨǘLjǡ˿ƱǑ́ˢǡǞǖǢǖǞư
ǡ ǥ ƶ ǭ Ǐ njˣ˝ ƶ ǭ ǎ Ǐ nj Ǐ Ǩ nj ǐ ǘ ǧ Ǎ Ǩ ǎ + p ǫ Ǜ ǧ Ǣ˝ Ǟ Ǣ ǎˢ Ǩ ǟ́ ǎ Ǘ˪ ǐ ǂ˰ Ǐ˝ NJ˰ ư Ǩ ǘ Ƹ˿ ư Ǫ Ƹ˰ ǎ
ljˢǨǎưǨǘǫǓnjǗ˪ǫǛǧǡǨǍǨǘLjǡ˿Ʊ ȴǟǐưȣǡǍȣȵ ǕǨǗǭNJˢǬƳǘƶǡǘˢǨƶƶǨǎǟ́ǎǗ˪ǐǂ˰Ǐ˝NJ˰ưǨǘ
Ʊǥƶ ǟǏƳȣǪǛ˟ǨǐǘǧǡǏưǨǘLj˪ǏǨƶƹ˟ǞƶǏǨƶNJǥǎ ưǨǘǓ́ljƳ˿Ǘǭǎ ǟǏƳȣNJˢǥƶǓ́ljư˝ǎ
ǘ́Ǫˢ ǘˠǥ˶ ƶljˢǞǗǖǖ˿ ưǞˢǨƶưǞ˟ǨưǨǘǘư˝ ǠǨǬǘƳ
ɎǬljǗǢǛư˝ ƱǥƶǡǨǍǨǘLjǡƱ˿ ǖǎ˝ ǖƳ˲ ǞǨǖǪǡǗ˲ˠ ƶnjǗˠ˲ ǥǖǘǏ˝ Ǯlj ˢ ǘDŽ˝ ǏǨǛưǥ˭ ǗǨưǭǢǖˢ ˲
ưǨǘƱǏ˝ ǪƳǛˠǥ˶ ǎnjǨƶǪǟǘǠDŽư˰Ʒ ƺˠƶ˴ ưǨǘƱǏ˝ ǪƳǛˠǥ˶ ǎnjǨƶǪǟǘǠDŽưƷ˰ ư˭NJˢǥƶǭǢƳˢ ǎǪlj˰ǎnjǨƶ
Ǫlj˰ǎǮǐƺˣ˶ǥƱǥƶ Ǯǐư˰ǎƱˢǨǞ Ʒǘ˰ƶ ɓ ƱˢǨǞƳ˶ǥǥ˝ǎlj˝ǏǢǎˠ˴ƶǪǛǗ Ǒǖư˭ǪǓ˰ˠƶǖǨǘ́ˢǭǎNJǥǎǢǛ˝ƶ
ǥ˨ǥ ưǨǘǪǐ˱ljǘˢǨǎǥǨǢǨǘǪǐˮǎǡ˰ˠƶnjˠ˲ǡ˸ǨƳ˝ƾǖǨư ǓǥǪǐ˱ljǘˢǨǎǥǨǢǨǘǪlj˭ưǪǡ˰ǘ˪ǔư˭Ʒǧ
nj˸ǨƶǨǎǮljˢ Ʒ˸ǨǮljˢǮǢǖǞ˝ǎǎǎˣ˝ ǐlj˱ ǮǐǎǨ˟ Ʒǧǡư˝ ǫǐljǥǨnj˰NJǗǮ˪ ljˢ ƹǞ˟ ƶnj˲ˠǪǘǨǐlj˱ ǓǥǓǞưǪǘǨ

mºG"ȷǭǵɑNJLJǎˢǜ˳Ʋlj˜ƮǙǣǑǥƬ˔ǑǦƬ˟ƱǜǣLjǣǓǃǜ˱ƬǩLJǒ 57

njǨƶ ǟǏƳȣǭǢǪˢ ǐlj˱ ǑǖǮǐưǎ˰ ƱǨˢ Ǟnjǘ˲ˠ Ǩˢ ǎǥǨǢǨǘ ǬǢ Ǫljư˭ Ǐǘư˰ Ǩǘljǖ˲ Ǩư ǓǙNJư˰ ǘǘǖǏǘư˰ Ǩǘ
ǡ˿ljǗǥljǪǛǗ ǥǗǨưnj˸ǨƶǨǎǖǨưǪǛǗ ǪǓǘǨǧǖ˝ǎǮǖ˟ǖ˲Ǫƶ˰ǎ NJˢǥƶǏǘ˰ưǨǘǭǢˢlj˲ ư˭ǪƱǨǪǢ˭ǎ
ǎǨ˺ NJǨǫnjǏǘǞ˟ ƶǞǨ˟ ǪƱǨǮljnjˢ Ǩ˸ ƶǨǎ ǏǨƶƳǎǏǥưǑǖǞǨ˟ ȣȣȣljǎ˲ ǧnjǪˠ˲ ǐlj˱ ǢǎƷ́ ǧǮljƱˢ ǨǗƱǥƶǏǨˢ ƶ
ǥǧǮǘǥǗǨ˟ ƶǎ ˣ˲ Ǫǖˠǥ˶ ư˟ǥǎǢǨǏǪǘ ˟ ǫǑƶǛǥǗǖnj˲ ˠ˲ǮǢǎ Ǫlj˩˲ǗǞǎǪ˲ˣ NJ˭ǖǮǐǢǖljǪǛǗɎ
Ɏǥ˝ǎǎˣ˲Ƴ˶ǥ ǪƱǨǪǘ˲ǗưǞ˟Ǩ ĸěïšńûïńĺńĸěï nj˲ˠǖ˝ǎNJˢǥƶǪlj˰ǎ ǪǓǘǨǧƸǧǎˣ˝ǎ
ǡǨǍǨǘLjǡ˿ƱǪǘǨ ǓǥNj˴ƶƷ˿lj ɓ ǎˣ˲ ǑǖNJˢǥƶǪǐˮǎƳǎǏǨǛǨǎƺ˪ǫǛˢǞ ǪǓǘǨǧǒˡǨǗnj˲ǖ
ǪǡǎǨǍ˰ưǨǘǑǖnjˣ˝ƶǢǖljƳ˶ǥǒˡǨǗǢǖǥ ǢˢǨǖǬǎ˟ǎ Ǯǖ˟Ǯljˢǎǧnj˟ǨǎǐǛ˝lj ǢˢǨǖǎˠ˝ǎ ǢˢǨǖǎˠ˲
ǥǧǮǘǥǗ˟Ǩƶǎ˲ˣ Ǒǖǐǘǧƹ˿ǖnj˿ưǪƹˢǨ NJˢǥƶǏǨǛǨǎƺ˪NJǘƶǎˣ˲ ǎˢǥƶ ɓ ǪƱǨǘ́ˢlj˲Ǟ˟ǨǑǖǏǨǛǨǎƺ˪
ǥǗǨ˟ ƶǮǘɎ
ǐǛlj˝ ưǘǧnjǘǞƶǡǨǍǨǘLjǡƱ˿ ǏǥưǞǨ˟ ưǨǘnjǨ˸ ƶǨǎǭǎ ǟǏƳȣǖƹ˲ ǥ˟ ƶnjǨƶǗlj˶ ǢǗǎ˿˟
ǭǢǒˢ Ǩˡ Ǘljǫ́ ǛƶǨǎǡǨǍǨǘLjǡƱ˿ ǫǛǧǒǨˡ ǗǪǟǘǠDŽưƷ˰ ƺƶˠ˴ ljǫ́ Ǜǐƾ˞ ǢǨǐǨưnjǥˢ ƶƱǥƶǐǘǧƹǨƹǎ
ǮljˢNJ˟ǥǘǥƶ ǫǛǧǮǐNJưǛƶư˝ǎư˟ǥǎnjˠ˲ ǟǏƳȣƷǧǭǢƳˢ ǞǨǖǪǢǎ˭ ƹǥǏ

ɎǥǗ˟ǨƶǪƱǨƱǥǖǨ ǥ˝ǎǎ˲ˣǖ˝ǎǖ˲ƹ˟ǥƶNJ˟ǥǘǥƶ Ƴ˶ǥ ǟǏƳȣƹ˿ljǪǛ˭ư ǭǢˢưǘǧnjǘǞƶ
ǡǨǍǨǘLjǡ˿Ʊư˝ǏǪǟǘǠDŽư˰ƷǮǐNJưǛƶư˝ǎ ǫǛˢǞǮǐǭǢˢ ǟǏƳȣǭǢƾ˟ǥǎ˿ǖ˝NJ˰Ǟ˟ǨưǨǘǫǓnjǗ˪
ǮǢǞǮǢǖ ǫNJ˟ǪƱǨư˭NJ˟ǥǘǥƶnj˿ưnj˲ǎǧǪǢǖ˶ǥǎǫǖ˟ƳˢǨ ǥǗ˟ǨƶǪǘǨǏǥư ǬǘƳǫǘƶǭǢˢư˰ǎǪǢǛˢǨ
Nj˴ ƶ ǡ Ǩ ǖ nj˟˿ ǖ Ǫ ǥˢ Ǩ Ǔ ǥ Ǭ ǘ Ƴ Ǫ Ǐ Ǩ Ǒ ǖ ư˭ Ǫ ǥ Ǩ Ǯ ǐ ǡ˲ˠ nj˟˿ ǖ Ǫ Ƴˢ Ǩ ư˭ Ʊ ǥ Ǟ˟ Ǩ Ǣ ǖ ǥ Ǣˢ Ǩ nj˟˿ ǖ Ǫ Nj ǥ ǧ
ƹˠ˝ǞǬǖƶǪlj˲ǗǞnj˟Ǩǎ ǡ˲ˠnj˟ǖ˿ ưǛ˝ǏǏǨˢ ǎǎǥǎǪNjǥǧ ǏǥưǢǨˢ nj˟ǖ˿ ǪƱǨƱǨǗǮljˢǥ˲ưǢǎǥ˟ Ǘ ǢǨˢ nj˟ǖ˿
ư˭ Ǭ ǥ Ǫ Ƴ NJ˟ ǥ ǘ ǥ ƶ ǐ ǘ ǧ ǖ Ǩ Lj ǎ˲ˣ ư˭ Ǯ ǖ˟ Ǣ ǎ˝ ư Ǣ ǎ Ǩ ǥ ǧ Ǯ ǘ ǡ˲ˠ nj˟˿ ǖ ư˝ Ǐ Ǣˢ Ǩ nj˟˿ ǖ ǭ ư Ǜˢ Ǫ Ƴ˲ Ǘ ƶ ư˝ ǎ
Ǫ ǐ˱ lj Ǣˢ Ǩ nj˟˿ ǖ ǫ Ǜˢ Ǟ NJ ǥ ǎ ǎˣ˲ ǫ NJ˟ Ǒ ǖ Ǫ ƹˠ ˶ ǥ Ǟ˟ Ǩ Ƴ ǎ ǘ ǧ ǖ˝ lj ǘ ǧ Ǟ˝ ƶ ǐˤ ǥ ƶ ư˝ ǎ Ǫ ǐˮ ǎ ǡ˟ Ǟ ǎ ǭ Ǣ ƾ˟
ǘǨˢ ǎǥǨǢǨǘǎǑ˲ˠ ǖǮǖƳ˟ ǥ˟ ǗǪưǘƶǢǘǥư ǑǖǮǐǪưǘƶǓǞưǘǨˢ ǎǫǏǏǮưǛ ɓ ǏǨˢ ǎ ǮưǛ ɓ Ǫǖǥ˶ ƶ
ǫNJǘ˟ Ǩˢ ǎǭǎưǘ˿ƶǪnjǓɔ ǑǖǪƹˠǥ˶ ǞǨ˟ ǪƱǨǐǥˤ ƶưǎ˝ ǥǗǨ˟ ưǎ˰ ǖǨưǘǨˢ ǎƷǧǐlj˱ ǫǛǞˢ Ǟǎ˝ ǎǎˣ˝ ǑǖǮǐ
ǏǥưǘǨˢ ǎƷǧǐlj˱ ǫǛǞˢ ǪǛư˰ ǪƱǨưǬ˭ ǥǪƳ ǫNJǞ˟ Ǩ˟ ǘǨˢ ǎǭǎƹǎǏnjǐǛǥ˟ Ǘưǎ˰ ǫǛǞˢ Ǯǖǭ˟ ǡǢ˟ ǎǨˢ ưǨư
ǫǛˢǞư˰ǎư˝ǎNJˣ˝ƶǫNJ˟ǢˢǨǬǖƶǪǗ˭ǎ Ǫnj˲ˠǗƶƳ˶ǎǗ˝ƶǮǖ˟ǪǛ˰ư ƹǨǞǏˢǨǎǪƱǨǮǖ˟Ƴ˰ljǞ˟Ǩǖ˝ǎƷǧNJ˰ljǬǘƳ
ǖǎ˝ ư˭ǮǐNJ˰ljNJǘƶǎˣǎ˝ Ǣǘ˶ǥƶǨǎǟǓ ƶǨǎǥǧǮǘnjˠ˲ǪƱǨǮǐǪǛ˟ǎưǨǘǓǎǎ˝ ǪƱǨư˭NJ˰ljǖǨưɎ

58 mºG"ȷǭǵɑNJLJǎˢǜ˳Ʋlj˜ƮǙǣǑǥƬ˔ǑǦƬ˟ƱǜǣLjǣǓǃǜ˱ƬǩLJǒ

ǎǨǗǫǓnjǗǡ˪ ǘ˿ ǧ ǞǪ˰ ǟǠǟư˝ lj ˫˰ ǘǥƶǐǛlj˝ ưǘǧnjǘǞƶǡǨǍǨǘLjǡƱ˿ Ǒǫ́ˢ njǎưǘǧnjǘǞƶ
ǡǨǍǨǘLjǡ˿Ʊǭǎ ǟǐưȣǟǏƳȣ Ǣǘ˶ǥǪǘ˲Ǘưư˝ǎǞ˟Ǩ ǟǏƳȣƹ˿ljǪǛ˭ư ǪǛ˟ǨǪǡǘ˰ǖNj˴ƶǏǘǘǗǨưǨǟ
ưǨǘǐǘǧƹ˿ǖǞ˟Ǩ ưǘǧnjǘǞƶnj˟ǥƶǪnj˲ˠǗǞǫǛǧư˲ǣǨǪǐˮǎǎ˝ưNJ˟ǥǘǥƶǖǨưnj˲ˠǡ˿lj ǪǓǘǨǧǮljˢǘ˝Ǐ
ǑǛưǘǧnjǏǖǨư
ɎǪǘǨǪǢ˭ǎǭƷǪƱǨǎǧƳǘ˝Ǐ Ƴ˶ǥưǘǧnjǘǞƶnj˟ǥƶǪnjˠ˲ǗǞǪǥƶǪƱǨǓǗǨǗǨǖnjˠ˲Ʒǧ
ǑǛ˝ưlj˝ǎǪǘˠ˶ǥƶǫƺǎlj˪Ǐ˭ǥưƺ˪ Ǫǘˠ˶ǥƶ žûŨű ʖ >ń Ǫǘˠ˶ǥƶNJ˟Ǩƶɓ njˠ˲ƷǧǭǢˢưǨǘnj˟ǥƶǪnjˠ˲ǗǞ
ǖǎ˝ ǬNJƱˣ˴ǎǖǨǮljˢ ǪǓǘǨǧǑ́ˢǐǘǧưǥǏưǨǘǬǘƶǫǘǖ Ǒˢ́ǐǘǧưǥǏưǨǘǬǘƶǫǘǖǎˠ˲Ƴ˶ǥǥǨƷƷǧ
Ǯǖ˟ǭƹ˟NJ˝Ǟǡ˿ljnjˢǨǗ ǫNJ˟NJ˝Ǟǡ˿ljnjˢǨǗ Ƴ˶ǥƹǨǞǏˢǨǎǪǓǘǨǧǞ˟ǨưǨǘnjˠ˲ƷǧǖǨnj˸ǨƶǨǎǬǘƶǫǘǖ
Ƴ˶ǥ ƹǨǞǏˢǨǎǖǨǪǐˮǎǓǎ˝ưƶǨǎNj́ưǮǢǖƳǘ˝Ǐ ƹǨǞǏˢǨǎƷǧNJˢǥƶnj˸ǨƱˢǨǞ ǐǛ́ưƱˢǨǞ
ǪǛ˲ˣǗƶǡ˝NJǞ˪ ǪǓˠ˶ǥnjˠ˲ƷǧǪǥǨƱǥƶǖǨǭǢˢǬǘƶǫǘǖǑǛ˰NJ ǡǨǗǓǨǎƱǥƶưǨǘnj˟ǥƶǪnjˠ˲ǗǞ
ǖ˝ ǎ ư ǘ ǧ nj Ǐ nj˿ ư Ƴ ǎ ǭ ǎ ǐ ǘ ǧ Ǫ nj ǟ ǥ Ǘ́˟ ǫ Ǜˢ Ǟ ǖ˝ ǎ Ǯ ǖ˟ ǭ ƹ˟ Ǫ Ƹ Ǔ Ǩ ǧ Ǭ ǘ ƶ ǫ ǘ ǖ ǥ Ǘ˟ Ǩ ƶ Ǫ lj˲ Ǘ Ǟ
ǖ˝ǎưǘǧnjǏ ½ÓįŹû ĖÓěĺ ǢǖljǪǛǗ ǡ˟Ǟǎnj˲ˠǪǐˮǎǢ˟ǞƶǬƺ˟ǭǎưǨǘǑǛ˰NJǖ˝ǎNj́ưǏǛ˭ǥư
ǮǐǢǖljǪǛǗɎ
ǡ˸ǨǢǘ˝ǏưǘǧnjǘǞƶǥˠ˶ǎ ɓ ǘǥƶǐǛ˝ljưǘǧnjǘǞƶǡǨǍǨǘLjǡ˿ƱǏǥưǞ˟Ǩ ǘ˝ǏǪǓˠ˶ǥ
Ǫǐǎˮ Ʊǥˢ ǡƶ˝ ǪưNJǮǐnjǨ˸ ǖư˲ ǘǧnjǘǞƶǖǢǨljǮnjǗǪǐǎˮ NJǞ˝ ǢǛư˝ Ǫǎˠǥ˶ ƶƷǨưljǫ́ ǛƳLjǧưǘǘǖưǨǘ
ǬǘƳNJ˰ljNJ˟ǥƷ˝ƶǢǞ˝lj nj˲ˠǖ˲Ǒˢ́Ǟ˟Ǩɔ ǪǐˮǎǐǘǧǍǨǎ lj˝ƶǎˣ˝ǎnj˿ưǪǘˠ˶ǥƶnjˠ˲ǪǘǨNJˢǥƶưǨǘƷǧǭǢˢǖ˲ǑǛ
ǡǞ˟ ǎǭǢƾƷ˟ ǧǫƷƶˢ ưǘǧnjǘǞƶǖǢǨljǮnjǗ ǪǓˠǥ˶ ǘǏ˝ Ǫǘˠǥ˶ ƶǮǐlj˸ǨǪǎǎ˰ ưǨǘǪǒǨˤ ǘǧǞ˝ƶ Ǫǎˠǥ˶ ƶƷǨư
ưǨǘƷ˝ljư˰ƷưǘǘǖǭǎNJ˟ǨƶƷ˝ƶǢǞ˝lj NJˢǥƶǪǡǎǥǑ́ˢǞ˟Ǩɔ nj˿ưǘǨǗưǨǘ Ǜ́ưǭƳǘƷǧǫNJ˟ƶƶǨǎ
ƷǧǭƹƳˢ ǎǪư˰ǎưǞ˟ǨǪnj˟ǨǎNJˣ˲ ˢǥƶƱǥƳǞǨǖǪǢǎ˭ ƹǥǏƷǨưǑǞ́ˢ ˟Ǩɔ
ǎǨǗǫǓnjǗ˪Ǫư˲ǗǘNJ˰Ǖ́ǖ˰ ǫǖ˟nj˝ǓǢǎˢǨƱǥƶưǘǧnjǘǞƶǡǨǍǨǘLjǡ˿Ʊ ǖǥƶǞ˟Ǩ
Ǒˢ́Ǐǘ˰ǢǨǘǐǘǧǪnjǟǭǢˢƳǞǨǖǡ˸ǨƳ˝ƾ ǖ˲ƳǞǨǖǪƹˠ˶ǥǖˠ˝ǎǮǞˢǞǨƶǭƷǏ˿ƳǛǨưǘǡǨǍǨǘLjǡ˿Ʊ
ǭǎưǨǘǎǨ˸ ǓǨǐǘǧǪnjǟǭǢǑˢ Ǩ˟ ǎǓǎˢ Ǟ˰ưǙNJǎǮˣ˲ ǐǭǢǮˢ ljˢ
Ɏnj˲ ǖǏǘ˰ǢǨǘǐǘǧǪnjǟǪƱǨǪƹˠ˶ǥǪǘǨƳ˟ ǥǎƱˢǨƶǪǗǥǧ ǭǢˢǪư˲ ǗǘNJ˰ ǖǨư
ǐưNJ˰ǐǛ˝ljǡǨǍǨǘLjǡ˿Ʊǎˠ˝ƶnjˢǨǗ ǫNJ˟nj˟ǨǎǭǢˢǪư˲ǗǘNJ˰Ǯǐǐǘ˴ưǠǨǘǨƹưǨǘǫǏǏǭưǛˢƹ˰lj
Ǟ˟ǨƷǧNJˢǥƶnj˸ǨǗ˝ƶǮƶ ǫǛˢǞNJˢǥƶǘǨǗƶǨǎnj˟ǨǎǎǨǗưǘ˝DŽǖǎNJǘ˲nj˿ưǞ˝ǎ nj˿ưǞ˝ǎǎˣ˲ư˭NJˢǥƶ
ǘǨǗƶǨǎnj˟ǨǎǎǨǗưɔ Ǔ́ljƳ˿Ǘnj˟Ǩǎư˭Ʒǧǖ˲ƳǥǖǪǖˢǎnj˪ǖǨ ǡǥǏNjǨǖǖǨ nj˟ǨǎǪǐˮǎǢ˟Ǟƶ
ǢǛǨǗǪǘˠ˶ǥƶ ǭǢˢǘǧǖ˝ljǘǧǞ˝ƶǭǢˢǥǧǮǘ Ƴ˰ljǞ˟ǨǐǘǧǪnjǟǮnjǗǏǨǛǨǎƺ˪ǖǨnjǨƶǢǖǥǫǛˢǞ
Ƴ˶ǥǪǘǗ˲ ưǞ˟ǨǢǎư˝ njǨƶưǨǘǫǓnjǗǫ˪ ǛǧǡǨǍǨǘLjǡƱ˿ ǖǨưɎ
Ǫǐǎˮ ǡƶ˰ˠ njˠ˲Ǘǎ˶ Ǘǎ˝ ǮljˢǞ˟Ǩ ƳǞǨǖǪƱǖˢ ǫƱƶ˭ ƱǥƶǘǧǏǏǡǨǍǨǘLjǡƱ˿ ǫǛǧưǘǧnjǘǞƶ
ǡǨǍǨǘLjǡƱ˿ Ƴ˶ǥǢǞ˝ ǭƷƱǥƶǑǛǡǨ˸ ǪǘƷ˭ ǭǎưǨǘƷ˝ljưǨǘǡNjǨǎưǨǘLjǬ˪ ƳǞ˰lj DzǺ Ƴǘˣƶ˝ ǎ˲ˣ

ȭ ǐǘǧƹǨƹǎǘǞ˟ ǖǖǥ˶ ȭ
ǐƷ˞ Ʒ˝ǗǡǨ˸ Ƴ˝ƾnj˸ǨǭǢǘˢ ǧǏǏǡǨǍǨǘLjǡƱ˿ ǮnjǗǖƳ˲ ǞǨǖǪƱǖˢ ǫƱƶ˭ ǡǨǖǨǘNjǔˣ ǎ˷ NJ˝Ǟ
ƷǨưǡNjǨǎưǨǘLjư˪ ǨǘǘǧǏǨljƱǥƶǬƳǞlj˰ DzǺ Ǯljǥˢ ǗǨ˟ ƶǘǞljǪǘǞ˭ ǐǛlj˝ ưǘǧnjǘǞƶǡǨǍǨǘLjǡƱ˿

mºG"ȷǭǵɑNJLJǎˢǜ˳Ʋlj˜ƮǙǣǑǥƬ˔ǑǦƬ˟ƱǜǣLjǣǓǃǜ˱ƬǩLJǒ 59

ǖǥƶǞ˟Ǩ Ƴ˶ǥƳǞǨǖǘ˟Ǟǖǖ˶ǥƱǥƶǐǘǧƹǨƹǎ ƺˠ˴ƶǖ˲ƳǞǨǖǘ́ˢǪư˲ˠǗǞư˝ǏǬƳǞ˰lj DzǺ lj˲ǖǨư
ǪǓǗ˲ ƶǫƳ˟Ǘƶ˝ NJˢǥƶǪǓǖ˰ˠ ǟǘnj˝ ǍǨ
ɎưǨǘǫǓnjǗ ˪ ưǨǘǡǨǍǨǘLjǡƱ˿ ǫǛǞˢ ưƳ˭ ǞǨǖǘ́Ʊˢ ǥƶǐǘǧƹǨƹǎ ǥǎ˝ ǎǡ˲ˣ Ǩ˸ Ƴƾ˝ ǖǨư
ưǨǘnjˠ˲ǬƳǞ˰ljǪưlj˰ ǖǨ nj˸ǨǭǢǐˢ ǘǧƹǨƹǎǖƳ˲ ǞǨǖǘǥǏǘ́njˢ ǨƶljˢǨǎǡƱ˿ ǕǨǓ ǪƸǓǨǧǬƳǞ˰lj DzǺ
lj˲ǖǨưǪǛǗ ǐǘǧƹǨƹǎǡǎǭƷ ǪƱˢǨǖǨǖ˲ǡ˟Ǟǎǘ˟Ǟǖ NJˣ˝ƶǫNJ˟ưǨǘlj́ưǨǘǘǧǏǨljǘǨǗǞ˝ǎ
ǟ˴ưǠǨǪǘˠ˶ǥƶǞ˝Ƴƺ˲ǎ ƷǧǮljˢǞ˝Ƴƺ˲ǎ ǥǗǨưǮljˢǞ˝Ƴƺ˲ǎǥǧǮǘư˭ǫǛˢǞǫNJ˟ ǪƱǨǖ˲ƳǞǨǖǘ́ˢ
ǫNJǪ˟ ƱǨǗƶ˝ ƱǨljǟǘnj˝ ǍǨ ǫNJNJ˟ ǥ˟ ǮǐǪǘǨnjǨ˸ ǟǘnj˝ ǍǨǮlj ˢ Ƴǥ˶ NJǥǎǎƳ˲ˣ ǞǨǖǘ́Ǫˢ ǐǎˮ Ǫǘˠǥ˶ ƶǘǧljǏ˝ Ƴǎ
ǪǢǖ˶ǥǎnj˟Ǩǎnjˣ˝ƶǢǛǨǗ ǓǥǥǗǨưǮljˢƱǥƶư˭ǥǗǨưǮljˢƱǥƶlj˲ ɓ Ʊǥƶlj˲nj˲ˠǡ˿lj ǭƹ˟ǮǢǖ
ǥǨǢǨǘư˭ ǡǖǖNJ˰ǪƱǨǪǡǘ˰ ǔ˪ ǡǨǖǥǗǨ˟ ƶ ǖǑ˲ lj˝ ưǧǪǓǘǨ ǖư˲ ˢƶ˿ njǥljư˭ư˰ǎǪƱǨˢ Ǯǐ ǪǓǘǨǧǪǐǎˮ
Ǫǘˠ˶ǥƶǡ˟ǞǎNJ˝Ǟǖ˲Ʊǥƶlj˲ǥǗ́˟ǪNJ˭ǖ ǫNJ˟Ʒǘ˰ƶ ɓ ǘ˝DŽǏǨǛƷ˝ljưǧǪǓǘǨǭǢˢư˰ǎǥˠ˰ǖnj˿ưƳǎǥǗ́˟ǫǛˢǞ
ǐˤǥƶư˝ǎǬǘƳǮljˢǥǗ́˟ǫǛˢǞ NJˢǥƶǪƱˢǨǭƷ ƷǧǪǥǨưˢ˿ƶ ǪƱǨǗ˝ƶǛǨưǥǞǎǥǗ́˟ Ǘ˝ƶǮǖ˟Ʊˣ˴ǎǏưǪǛǗ
ǫNJ˟ưǧǪǓǘǨǮưǖ˟ ǨǓǘǥˢ ǖƷǧư˰ǎǮǢǖ ǏǥưǮǖǪ˟ ǥǨǘǥǛǨưǥǞǎ ǥ˝ǎǎǥˣ˲ ǨƷƷǧǪǐǎˮ ƳǞǨǖǘ́ˢ
njǮ˲ˠ ǖNj˟ ứ NJǥˢ ƶǎǧ ǪǓǘǨǧǥǧǮǘ ǬǘƳǖǎ˝ ǘǧǏǨljǫǛǞˢ ưǧǪǓǘǨưǎ˰ ǮǐǪNjǥǧ ǮƱlj˟ ǨǞưǎ˰ ǮǐǪNjǥǧ
ǖƱ˲ Ǩˢ Ǟưǎ˰ ưlj˭ ˲ǫǛǞˢ ǖǪ˲ ưǘǨǧǐǥˤ ƶưǎ˝ ǏǨˢ ƶǡư˝ Ǣǎǥ˟ Ǘ Ǘƶ˝ lj˲ưǞ˟ǨǮǖǖ˟ Ǫ˲ ưǘǨǧ ƷǧǮǐǘǥǪưǘǨǧ
ǫǎǎ˟ ǢǎǨɎ
ǎǨǗǫǓnjǗ˪Ǫư˲ǗǘNJ˰ Ǖ́ǖ˰ ǐǛ˝ljưǘǧnjǘǞƶǡǨǍǨǘLjǡ˿Ʊ Ǐǥưljˢ ǞǗǞ˟ Ǩ
NJ˝ǞǪǛƱǑˢ́Ƹ˲ljǞ˝Ƴƺ˲ǎǡǧnjˢǥǎǞ˟ǨǐǘǧƹǨƹǎǭǢˢƳǞǨǖǘ˟Ǟǖǖ˶ǥǪǐˮǎǥǗ˟Ǩƶlj˲ ǫǛǧǪƹˠ˶ǥǞ˟Ǩ
ǐǘǧƹǨƹǎNjˢǨǖǟ˲ ǘnj˝ ǍǨư˝Ǐǡƶ˰ˠ ǪǢǛ˟Ǩǎ ˲ˣ ǐǘǧǪnjǟǮnjǗưˢǨǞǢǎǨˢ ǖǨư

60 mºG"ȷǭǵɑNJLJǎˢǜ˳Ʋlj˜ƮǙǣǑǥƬ˔ǑǦƬ˟ƱǜǣLjǣǓǃǜ˱ƬǩLJǒ

ƫǣǓǦǎLJǒ˜
LJ˒ˤǎǖˢƫǙˢƫǔDž

ǥNjˠljǧǠƫǣǜ

03

03 ƫǣǓǦǎLJǒ˜LJ˒ˤǎǖƫˢ ǙˢƫǔDžǥNjljˠ ǧǠƫǣǜ

ɎNJǥǎǎǎˣ˝ ǗǨưǗ˭ ƶ˝ ǖǞˠ˝ ǥǗ́Ǫ˟ ǛǗ Ǯǖǘ˟ ́Ʒˢ ǧǘư˝ ǠǨǥǗǨ˟ ƶǮǘ Ǯǖƹ˟ lj˝ ǪƷǎ ǢǖǨǗƳǞǨǖǞ˟Ǩ
ǘư˝ ǠǨNJǨǖǥǨưǨǘưǎ˝ Ǯǐ ǗǨNJǨ˟ ƶ ɓ ưǖ˭ ǘ˲ ǨƳǨǡƶ́ ǓǓ˲ ǥ˲ ˲ ǮǖǓ˟ ǥ ǢǎǨˢ ưǨưư˭ǮǖǓ˟ ǥ ǥƶƳư˪ ǨǘǪǕǡƹ˝ ɔ
NJˢǥƶnj˸ǨǬǘƶƶǨǎǢǎˢǨưǨưƱˣ˴ǎǖǨ Ǔ˲Ǔ˲ǥ˲Ǫǖˠ˶ǥư˟ǥǎƺˣ˶ǥƷǨưNJ˟ǨƶǐǘǧǪnjǟ ǖ˲Ƴ˿LjǕǨǓǡ́ƶ
ǪǘǨư˭NJˢǥƶǮǐǭǢˢǏǘ˰Ǡ˝njnjˠ˲ǪǗ˭ǏǪǡˣ˶ǥǑˢǨnjˣ˝ƶǢǛǨǗ Ǫƹ˟ǎ ƺǨǏ˲ǎǨ ǮnjǗǬnjǪǘǪnjǬnjǘǥǎ
Ǐǘ˰Ǡ˝njǫǥǘ˪Ǭǘ ǪƱǨnj˸Ǩ Ǔ˲Ǔ˲ǥ˲ ǫǛˢǞǘ˝ǏǘǥƶǬljǗưǘǖǞ˰njǗǨǟǨǡNJǘ˪ưǨǘǫǓnjǗ˪ ư˭Ǫǘˠ˰ǖǖ˲
ǓǓ˲ ǥ˲ ˲ ǭǡɎ˟
ǎǨǗǫǓnjǗ˪Ǫư˲ǗǘNJ˰Ǖ́ǖ˰ Ǟƶǟ˪ǘƷ˰NJ ǐǛ˝ljưǘǧnjǘǞƶǡǨǍǨǘLjǡ˿Ʊ ǡǧnjˢǥǎNj˴ƶ
ƳǞǨǖǬưǛǨǢǛƱǥƶǡNjǨǎưǨǘLjǬ˪ ǘƳǘǧǏǨljǭǎƹǞ˟ ƶǫǘư
ɎǪǖˠǥ˶ ǫǎǞnjǨƶưǨǘǘư˝ ǠǨƳ˟ǥǗ ɓ ƹlj˝ ǪƷǎƱˣǎ˴ ưNJ˭ ˝ljǡǎ˰ ǭƷǭƹǗˢ ǨǔǨǞ˰Ǔǘ˰ ǨǪǞ˲Ǘǘ˪
ưǨǘǭƹˢǗǨǔǨǞ˰Ǔ˰ǘǨǪǞ˲Ǘǘ˪Ǫǐˮǎǡˠ˰ƶnjˠ˲ǪǘǨNj˶ǥǞ˟Ǩ ǪǘǨnj˸ǨǮljˢlj˲njˠ˲ǡ˿lj ǗǨǔǨǞ˰Ǔ˰ǘǨǪǞ˲Ǘǘ˪
ǭǎǐǘǧǪnjǟǮnjǗǮǖǪ˟ ƳǗƱǨlj ǬljǗǥƶƳ˪ưǨǘǪǕǡƹ˝ ɔ ƺˣǥ˶ ǗǨǖǨǡǖǨ˹ ǪǡǖǥǮǖǪ˟ ƳǗƱǨljɎ
ǫǖˢǞ˟ǨǡNjǨǎưǨǘLj˪ƷǧǮǖ˟lj˲ǥǗ́˟Ǔ˝ưǢǎˠ˴ƶ nj˲ˠNJˢǥƶǫǏ˟ƶǪǖ˭ljư˰ǎ ǫNJ˟ư˭Ǫǐˮǎ
ƹǞ˟ ƶǪǞǛǨǡˣǎ˝ ɓ ǘǨǞ dzȼǴ ǡǐ˝ ljǨǢǪ˪ nj˟Ǩǎˣǎ˝
ɎNJǥǎǎǎˣ˝ ǖư˲ ǨǘǫǏƶ˟ Ǫǖlj˭ ưǎ˝ ǪǛǗǎǧ ǶDZ Ǫǖlj˭ ƳLj˿ ǪǥǨǮǐ ǴDZ Ǣǘǥ˶ dzDZ ưǥ˟ ǎǎǧ
Ǫlj˲˩ǗǞǓǘ˿˟ƶǎˣ˲ǖǨǪǥǨǮǐǥ˲ưǡ˰ǏǪǖ˭lj Ƴ˟ǥǗ ɓ ǫǏ˟ƶǮǐ NJǥǎǎˣ˝ǎǎˢǥǗǖǨư ǭǢˢǮǐnj˲ˠƷ˝ƶǢǞ˝lj
NJˢǥƶǪư˭ǏǪǥǨǮǞˢǘư˝ ǠǨ ǑǥȣNJˢǥƶǭǡư˟ ƾ˿ ǫƷǮǞˢǪǛǗɎ
ǐǛ˝ljưǘǧnjǘǞƶɔ ǪǓ˰ˠǖǪNJ˰ǖǥ˲ưǞ˟Ǩ ǪǘǨǭƹˢǗǨǔǨǞ˰Ǔ˰ǘǨǪǞ˲Ǘǘ˪ǘ˝ưǠǨ nj˸ǨǭǢˢ
ǖǐ˲ ǘǧǡǏưǨǘLjǖ˪ ǨưƱˣ˴ǎ ǘ́ˢǬljǡ ǘ́ˢ šûďěĸûĺ ǘ́Ǟˢ ˟ǨǪǘǨƳǞǘǭǢNJˢ ǥǎǮǢǎ ǎǥưƷǨưǎǗˣ˲ ˝ƶǖ˲
ưǨǘǭƹǡˢ ǖǎ˿ ǮǓǘǔǨˤ njǧǛǨǗǬƷǘǪƱǨˢ ǖǨǪǡǘǖ˰ ǭǎưǨǘǘư˝ ǠǨǥ˲ưljˢǞǗ
ǎǨǗǫǓnjǗ˪ǬǥǕǨǡ ưǨǘǗ˪ưǞ˰ǎǓƶǟ˪ ǥǍ˰Ǐlj˲ưǘǖƳǞǏƳ˿ǖǬǘƳ ǪǢ˭ǎǞ˟Ǩ
ǬǘƳǘǧǏǨljǭǢǖǥ˟ ǗǨ˟ ƶǬƳǞlj˰ DzǺ Ǘƶ˝ Ǯǖǖ˟ Ǘ˲ ǨNJǞ˝ ǮǢǎnjǖˠ˲ ǐ˲ ǘǧǡnj˰ ǍǕ˰ ǨǓNJǨǖǥǗǨ˟ ƶnjǪˠ˲ ǘǨǓǥǭƷ
ǗǨnj˲ˠǖ˲ǐǘǧǡ˰njǍǕ˰ ǨǓlj˲ǖǨư ɓ nj˲ˠǪǘǨǢǞ˝ƶǭǢˢǪǢǖ˶ǥǎNJǥǎǮƱˢǢǞ˝ljǭǢƾ˟ dzDZDZǺ ư˭Ǘ˝ƶǮǖ˟ǖ˲
ǫǛǧNj˶ǥǪǐǎˮ ƳǞǨǖǗǨưǛ˸ǨǏǨưƱǥƶǬǘƳǥ˿ǏNJ˝ ˰ǭǢǖ˟
ǭǎƱLjǧnjǡ˲ˠ Ǩ˸ ǎư˝ ƶǨǎƳLjǧưǘǘǖưǨǘǥǨǢǨǘǫǛǧǗǨ ȴǥǗȣȵ Ǘƶ˝ ǮljǪˢ ǘƶ˟ ǘlj˝ ǥǎǖ˿ NJ˝ ˰
ưǨǘǭƹǗˢ Ǩ Ǟǡ˝ lj ˿ ǫǛǧƳǘǕ˿ Lj˝ džnj˪ ǨƶưǨǘǫǓnjǗǭ˪ ǎǕǨǞǧƸư˿ ǪƸǎ˰ ǥǗǨ˟ ƶǪǘƶ˟ ljǞ˟ ǎ ǪǓˠǥ˶ ǭǢnjˢ ǎ˝ NJǥ˟
ǡNjǨǎưǨǘLjǬ˪ ǘƳǘǧǏǨlj ǫǛǧǗǏ˝ Ǘƶˣ˝ ƳǞǨǖǬưǛǨǢǛǞǎ˟˿ ǞǨǗnjǥˠ˲ ǨƷǏǨǎǐǛǨǗǥǥưǮǐǮljˢ
ǎǨǗǫǓnjǗǮ˪ ǓǟǨǛ ljˠ˝ǎƳˢǖ˿ ǪǛƱǨǍư˰ ǨǘƳLjǧưǘǘǖưǨǘǥǨǢǨǘǫǛǧǗǨ ǗǨ˺ Ǟ˟Ǩ
NJǘƶǎǪˣ˲ ǐǎˮ Ʒ˿ljǪlj˟ǎƱǥƶ ǥǗȣnjˠ˲ǖư˲ ǀǢǖǨǗƺˠƶ˴ Ǫǐlj˱ ƹǥ˟ ƶǭǢǡˢ ǥljƳǛǥˢ ƶǮǐNJǨǖǡNjǨǎưǨǘLj˪
ɎǪǘǨǭƹưˢ ǀǢǖǨǗ ưǀǢǖǨǗưǪ˭ ǐlj˱ ƹǥ˟ ƶǭǢǪˢ ǘǨ ưƳ˭ ˶ǥǭǎǑǛNJ˰ Ǖ˝Ljdž˪ǓǞưǎ ˲ˣ ǪǘǨǘ́ˢ
Ǟ˟Ǩǖǎ˝ Ǫǐǎˮ ǡƶ˰ˠ Ʒ˸ǨǪǐǎˮ ǫNJ˟Ǫƶˠǥ˶ ǎǮƱƱǥƶǪǞǛǨǪǐǎˮ NJ˝ǞǫǐǘǡǨ˸ Ƴ˝ƾ ǪǘǨƷ˴ƶǮljˢNJ˝ǞǑǛNJ˰ Ǖ˝Ljdž˪

62 mºG"ȷǭǵɑNJLJǎˢǜ˳Ʋlj˜ƮǙǣǑǥƬ˔ǑǦƬ˟ƱǜǣLjǣǓǃǜ˱ƬǩLJǒ

njˠ˲ǖ˲ îûĺûƧű ǖǨưưǞ˟Ǩ šěŨĬ ưǀưNJ˰ưǨnjˣ˝ƶǢǛǨǗǡǨǖǨǘNjǪǐ˱ljǭǢˢǮljˢ Ǔ́ljƶ˟ǨǗ ɓ ǖ˲njˣ˝ƶ
ĎÓŨű űšÓïĬ ǖ˲njˣ˝ƶǥǧǮǘnjˣ˝ƶǢǛǨǗ NJˣ˝ƶǫNJ˟lj˟Ǩǎǎ˸ǨǪƱˢǨǖǨǪǛǗǎǧ Ǣǘ˶ǥNjˢǨǑǛ˰NJư˭lj́Ǟ˟Ǩ
Ƴ˿Ljnj˸ǨNJǨǖưNJ˰ưǨǮǢǖ ǫǛǧǮǖ˟ǪƸǓǨǧǭǎǡ˟ǞǎƱǥƶ ǥǗȣǥǗ˟ǨƶǪlj˲ǗǞ ǪǘǨư˭ǖ˲ǪƳǘ˶ǥƱ˟ǨǗ
njˣ˝ƶǢǛǨǗnjˠ˲ǪƱǨˢ ǖǨƹǞ˟ ǗɎ
ǪǛƱǨǍ˰ưǨǘ ǥǗȣưǛ˟ǨǞǞ˟Ǩ ɎưǘǧǏǞǎưǨǘǥǎ˿ƾǨNJưǨǘǭƹˢǗǨǘ˝ưǠǨǬǘƳ
ư˭ǪǐˮǎǪƹ˟ǎǪlj˲ǗǞư˝ǏǞ˝Ƴƺ˲ǎ nj˲ˠNJˢǥƶƱǥǥǎ˿ǖ˝NJ˰ǭƹˢǭǎǕǨǞǧƸ˿ưǪƸ˰ǎ ǬljǗǪƸǓǨǧǗǨnjˠ˲ǑǛ˰NJ
ǭǎǐǘǧǪnjǟǪǓˠ˶ǥƳǞǨǖǖˠ˝ǎƳƶ Ǫƹ˟ǎ ǗǨǔǨǞ˰Ǔ˰ǘǨǪǞ˲Ǘǘ˪nj˲ˠǑǛ˰NJǬljǗǥƶƳ˪ưǨǘǪǕǡ˝ƹưǘǘǖ
ǕǨǗǭNJˢưǨǘlj́ǫǛƱǥƶ ǥǗȣǫǛǧǗǨǥ˲ưǢǛǨǗNJ˝Ǟ njˠ˲ ǥǗȣǥǎ˿ƾǨNJǭǢˢǎ˸ǨǪƱˢǨǢǖljǫǛˢǞ
ǘǞǖnjˣ˝ƶǪƳǘˠ˶ǥƶǖ˶ǥǫǓnjǗ˪ǥǗ˟ǨƶǢǎˢǨưǨưǥǎǨǖ˝ǗljˢǞǗ ǫNJ˟NJˢǥƶǑ˟ǨǎưǨǘnjljǡǥǏ
ư˟ǥǎǎ˸Ǩǥǥưǡ˟́NJǛǨlj ǢǨưNJǘǞƷǡǥǏǓǏǞ˟ǨǑˢ́ǑǛ˰NJƱǨljƱˣ˝ǎNJǥǎǎ˲ˣ ƷǧNJˢǥƶƷ˝ljưǨǘ
nj˸ǨǛǨǗNJǨǖưǀǢǖǨǗǢǘǥ˶ ǎǨ˸ ưǛ˝ǏǖǨǐǘǏ˝ ǐǘ˿ƶɎ
ȭ ǫǘưǪǘǖ˰ˠ ƱǥƶưǨǘư˝ưNJ˝ǞȼǪǒǨˤ ǘǧǞ˝ƶ ȭ
ǡNjǨǎưǨǘLjǘ˪ ǧǏǨljǬƳǞlj˰ DzǺ ǭǎǐǘǧǪnjǟǮnjǗ Ǫǘǖˠ˰ NJǎˢ ƷǨưǑNJ́ˢ lj˰ Ǫƹˣǥ˶ ưǛǏ˝ ǖǨ
ƷǨưNJǨ˟ ƶǐǘǧǪnjǟnjǪ˲ˠ ǐǎˮ Ǔˣǎ˶ njǘ˲ˠ ǧǏǨlj ưǨǘǪǒǨˤ ǘǧǞƶ˝ Ʒƶ˴ Ǫǘǖ˰ˠ NJǎˢ njǐ˲ˠ ǨưǐǘǧNJƱ́ ǥƶǐǘǧǪnjǟ
ǎˠ˝ǎƳ˶ǥ ǡǎǨǖǏ˰ǎǡ˿ǞǘǘLjǕ́ǖ˰ ǎǨǗǫǓnjǗ˪ǡ˿ǪnjǓ ǪǓƹǘǖǨư Ǣ˝ǞǢǎˢǨǑ́ˢNJǘǞƷǘǨƹưǨǘ
ưǘǧnjǘǞƶǡǨǍǨǘLjǡƱ˿ ǮljǪˢ ǛǨ˟ Njƶ˴ ǓLJ˝ ǎǨưǨǘƷǨưǐǘǧǡǏưǨǘLjNJ˪ ǘƶ njǮˠ˲ ljǘˢ Ǐ˝ ǖǥǏǢǖǨǗ
ƷǨưnj˟ǨǎǐǛlj˝ ǭǢljˢ ǫ́ ǛǡNjǨǎưǨǘLjnj˪ ˠ˲ǡǞ˿ ǘǘLjǕǖ́ ˰ NJˣ˝ƶǫNJ˟Ǫǘǖ˰ˠ ǫǛǧǢǨǡNjǨǎnjˠ˲ưư˝ ưǎ˝ ǬǘƳ
ǫǢƶ˟ ǘDŽ˝ ȴ”űÓďû ŒŹÓšÓĺűěĺû ȥ ”Œȵ ǫǢƶ˟ ǫǘư

mºG"ȷǭǵɑNJLJǎˢǜ˳Ʋlj˜ƮǙǣǑǥƬ˔ǑǦƬ˟ƱǜǣLjǣǓǃǜ˱ƬǩLJǒ 63

ǎǨǗǫǓnjǗ˪ǡ˿ǪnjǓǪǘ˰ˠǖNJˢǎǞ˟Ǩ ɎǪǘǨNJˣ˝ƶlj˟ǨǎNJǘǞƷnjˠ˲ǡǎǨǖǏ˰ǎǡ˿ǞǘǘLjǕ́ǖ˰
ǮǞˢNJˣ˝ƶǫNJ˟ ǵȼǶ ǖưǘǨƳǖ dzǶǷǴ njˠ˲ǢǎǨˢ lj˟ǨǎǪǘǨnj˸ǨǮljˢǫƳ˟ǡǫưǎǪnj˟Ǩǎǎˣ˝ ǫNJ˟ǢǨưǘ́Ǟˢ ˟ǨǭƳǘ
ǖǨƷǨưǭǎǓˣ˶ǎnjˠ˲Ǫǡˠ˲Ǘƶư˭NJˢǥƶư˝ưNJ˝Ǟ ƺˠ˴ƶNJǥǎǫǘưǮǖ˟ǖ˲nj˲ˠǮǢǎǗǥǖ nj˿ưƳǎưǛ˝ǞǢǖlj
Ʒǎǡlj˿ njˢǨǗǮljˢDŽǨǎnj˝ǓǪǘǥ˶ njˠ˲ǡNJ˝ ǢǏ˲ Ʒ˝ƶǢǞ˝ljƹǛǏ˿ǘɎ˲
ɎNJǥǎǪǖ˶ǥƶǥ́˟Ǧˠ˝ǎǪư˰ljǪǘˠ˶ǥƶ nj˿ưǐǘǧǪnjǟư˭Ƴ˰ljǞ˟ǨǪǥǨƳǎ lj́ǫǛƳǎƱǥƶNJ˝ǞǪǥƶ
ǪǥǨƳǎƱǥƶNJ˝ǞǪǥƶưǛ˝Ǐ NJǘƶǪnjˠ˲ǗǞǏ˰ǎnj˲ˠǫǥǘ˪ǪǥǪƹ˲ǗǮǐǘ˝ǏǪƱǨ ƳǎưǛ˝ǏƷǨưǪǖ˶ǥƶǥ́˟Ǧˠ˝ǎ
ǖǨ DzǴǹ Ƴǎ NJǥǎǞǎ˝ nj ˠ˲ ǵ ǖưǘǨƳǖ dzǶǷǴ njǪˠ˲ ǘǨǘǏ˝ ǖǨ ǓǥǘǏ˝ ǖǨ ưǨǘưư˝ NJǞ˝ ǥǧǮǘǓǞưǎˣ˲
ǪǘǨư˭Ǯǖ˟ǪƳǗǖǖ˲ Ǩư˟ǥǎ ”Œ ȴ”űÓűû ŒŹÓšÓĺűěĺûȵ nj˲ˠǫǘưư˭Ƴ˶ǥǪǘ˶ǥǎǘ˝ǏǘǥƶƱǥƶǡ˝NJǢǏ˲
ưǥ˟ ǎnjƷˠ˲ ǧǮǐǡNJ˝ ǢǏ˲ ưǥ˟ ǎǢǎǨˢ ǎǎˣ˝ Ǫǥǧ˥ Ȩ ǮǐǮǢǎljǎ˲ ǧ NJǥǎǎǎˣ˝ ǏǨƶƳǎǏǥưǬǘƶǓǗǨǏǨǛ
nj˲ˠǐǨưǪưǘ˭ljǭƹ˟ǮǢǖ ǖ˲NJ˴ưǡǘˢǨƶǮǞˢǪǡǘ˭ƷǫǛˢǞǗ˝ƶǮǖ˟ǭƹˢ ƷǧǮǐǥǗ́˟NJǘƶǎˣ˝ǎǮǢǖ ǏǨƶnj˲
ư˭ǏǥưǞ˟Ǩǖ˲ǬǘƶǓǗǨǏǨǛ ƱǥƶƷ˰NJǪǞƹnjˠ˲Ǫƹ˲ǗƶǭǢǖ˟ ǖ˲njˠ˲ǥǗ́˟ǮǐNJǘƶǎˣ˝ǎǮǢǖ ǡ˿ljnjˢǨǗ
ǖǨǛƶNJ˝Ǟnj˲ˠǡNJ˝ ǢǏ˲ Ɏ
Ǣ˝ǞǢǎˢǨǑ́ˢNJǘǞƷǘǨƹưǨǘɔ ưǛ˟ǨǞǞ˟Ǩ ɎǫǘưǪǘ˰ˠǖư˟ǥNJˣ˝ƶ ”Œ ư˭Ǟ˿˟ǎǞǨǗlj˲ ǪǘǨǭǢˢ
ǪƷˢǨǢǎˢǨnj˲ˠƱǥƶǪǘǨǡǞǖǓ˲Ǔ˲ǥ˲ Ǫlj˰ǎǮǐǞ˝ljǮƱˢǓǞưnjˠ˲ư˝ưNJ˝ǞǥǗ́˟ƹˣ˝ǎǡǨǖ ǖ˝ǎǮǖ˟ǖ˲Ǜ˰ǔnj˪ǎǧ
Ǟ˝ljǮƱˢǮljˢǡǥƶǢˢǥƶư˭ǪǐˮǎǛǖ ǪǓǘǨǧǞ˟ǨǓ˲Ǔ˲ǥ˲ǖ˝ǎǘˢǥǎ ǡ˟ǞǎǓǞưnjǢǨǘǪƱǨǥǗ́˟ƱˢǨƶǎǥư
ǢǖljǪǛǗ ǥǗ́˟ǭǎǬƺǎǪƱ˲ǗǞ ǬƺǎǫljƶǪǐˮǎǪǘˠ˶ǥƶƱǥƶǢǖǥ ǪǓǘǨǧƸǧǎˣ˝ǎǪǘǨư˭NJˢǥƶƷ˝lj
nj˲ǖnj˸ǨƶǨǎ ǪǘǨNJˢǥƶǭǢˢǬǘƶǓǗǨǏǨǛƹǛǏ˿ǘ˲ƱǎƱǗǧǭǢˢ ǫǛˢǞư˭NJˢǥƶƱǎư˝ǎNJǥǎNJ˲ǡ˲ˠljˢǞǗ
ǪǓˠ˶ǥǮǖ˟ǭǢˢƳǎǥˠ˶ǎǪǢ˭ǎ ǪǓǘǨǧƳǎǥˠ˶ǎǪƱǨǮǖ˟ǪƱˢǨǭƷǪǛǗ ǖ˲ǫNJ˟ǪƷˢǨǢǎˢǨnj˲ˠǡǨǍǨǘLjǡ˿Ʊ
ư˝ǏƳǎư˝ưNJ˝ǞɎ
ǎǨǗǫǓnjǗǡ˪ Ǫ˿ njǓǪǐlj˱ ǪǑǗǞǨ˟ Ǯljǘˢ ǧljǖǏƳ˿ ǛǨưǘnjƶˣ˝ Ǣǖǥ ǓǗǨǏǨǛ ǫǖưˢ ǘǧnjƶˠ˝
Ǒƹˢ́ Ǟ˟ Ǘɔ ƷǨưǬǘƶǓǗǨǏǨǛ ǫNJNJ˟ ǥǎǎǎˣ˝ njư˿ ƳǎǖǨljǞˢ ǗƳǞǨǖưƶ˝ ǞǛ ǪǓǘǨǧǪǘǨǗƶ˝ Ǯǖǘ˟ ́Ʒˢ ư˝
ǬƳǞ˰ljǭǎNJǥǎǎǎˣ˝ ǮǐǘǏ˝ ƳǎǖǨǫǛǞˢ ưNJ˭ ˢǥƶǥǗ́lj˟ ˢǞǗưǎ˝ ljǫ́ Ǜưǎ˝ ưǎ˭ ǥǎnj˲ˠǎǎˠ˝ ǪǛǗ ǪǓǘǨǧ
NjˢǨưǛ˝ǏǏˢǨǎư˭ưǛ˝ǞǞ˟Ǩnjˠ˲ǏˢǨǎǮǖ˟ǐǛǥljǕ˝Ǘ ǫƳ˟Ƴǎư˝ưNJ˝ǞNJǨưǑˢǨ ƹǨǞǏˢǨǎǫNjǞǎˣ˝ǎ
ư˭ưǛ˝ǞǫǛˢǞǞ˟ǨǪƹˣǥ˶ ǬǘƳƷǧǐǛ˰ǞǮǐnj˲ˠǏǨˢ ǎǪƱǨ
ǑǖǪǥƶǗ˝ƶƹ˟ǞǗǥǍ˰ǏǨǗǞ˟Ǩ ɎǑǖư˭ǎǥǎǥǗ́˟NJǘƶǎ˲ˣljˢǞǗ Ǣ˟ǨƶƷǨưnjˠ˲ǪƱǨǥǗ́˟ǎ˲ˣ
dzDZDZȼǴDZDZ ǪǖNJǘǪǥƶ ƱǎǨljǞǨ˟ ưư˝ NJǞ˝ ƳǘǏNJǨǖưǨ˸ ǢǎljǐǘǧǖǨLj DzǺ Ǟǎ˝ ǥǥưưǎ˝ ǖǨǫǛǞˢ
njǢǨǘǪƱǨǗƶ˝ ǢǞ˟ ƶ Ǯǖư˟ ǛǨˢ ǑǖNJǥˢ ƶǭƹǪˢ ƷǨˢ ǢǎǨˢ njǬ˲ˠ ǘƶǓǗǨǏǨǛ ǫǛǧǏǘǠ˰ nj˝ njǨ˸ ƳǞǨǖǡǧǥǨlj
ǪƱǨˢ ǮǐǛǨˢ ƶnjǨ˸ ƳǞǨǖǡǧǥǨlj ǪƱǨƳlj˰ ǞǨ˟ Ǫǐǎˮ ǬǘƳǪǢǖǥ˶ ǎưǏ˝ ž ȴǞLj˝ ǬǘƳȼžŹîûšïŹįńŨěŨȵ
ǪƱǨƳlj˰ ǫǏǏǎǎˣ˝ ǪǛǗǏǥưǞǨ˟ ǪljǗ˲˩ ǞǑǖǓǨǪƷǨˢ ǢǎǨˢ njǖ˲ˠ ǨǎǥǎǪǛǎ˟ ǭǢljˢ ƺ́ ư˝ Ƴǎ˶ ưǮ˭ lj ˢ NJǥǎǎǎˣ˝
ǪǘǨNJˢǥƶǮǐnj˸ǨǭǢǢˢ ǖljnjư˿ ǥǗǨ˟ ƶ ǪǢǖǥ˶ ǎư˝ǏǪǐǎˮ ǬǘƶǓǗǨǏǨǛǥ˲ưǫǢƶ˟ Ǣǎˠƶ˴ Ɏ

64 mºG"ȷǭǵɑNJLJǎˢǜ˳Ʋlj˜ƮǙǣǑǥƬ˔ǑǦƬ˟ƱǜǣLjǣǓǃǜ˱ƬǩLJǒ

ƷǨưǎǎˣ˝ ưǪ˭ ƱǨˢ ǡǘ́˟ ǧǛǥưƱǥƶǑǎ˲ ǥˢ Ǘ Ǣǘǥ˶ ǫǘƶƶǨǎǮnjǗnjư˲ˠ ǛǏ˝ ƷǨưǐǘǧǪnjǟǪưǨǢǛ˲
ǖnj˲ ˣ˝ƶƳǎǮǐǥǗǨ˟ ƶNjứ ưǀǢǖǨǗǫǛǧǑlj˰ ưǀǢǖǨǗ
ɎǪǘǨǓǗǨǗǨǖnj˸Ǩ Eńĸû Œ ȴEńĸû ŒŹÓšÓĺűěĺûȵ Ǣǘ˶ǥư˝ưNJ˝Ǟnjˠ˲ǏˢǨǎ
ǥǗ́˟Ǔ˝ưǎ˴ƶ Ǫư˰ljƱˣ˴ǎNJˣ˝ƶǫNJ˟ƹ˟Ǟƶnj˲ˠǘ˝ǏƳǎǮnjǗƷǨưǪưǨǢǛ˲ ǭǢˢư˸Ǩǎ˝ǎ Ǒ́ˢǭǢƾ˟ǏˢǨǎ Ǣǘ˶ǥ
ǥǡǖȣƳǎǭǎǢǖ́˟ǏˢǨǎƹ˟ǞǗư˝ǎlj́ǫǛ ǮǐǪǥǨǪƹ˶ǥưǫljƶƱ˴ƶǘǥǏǏˢǨǎ ǏˢǨǎǎ˲ˣư˝ưNJ˝Ǟ
Ǯǖ˟ǭǢˢǥǥưƱˢǨƶǎǥư NJǥǎǎˣ˝ǎǗ˝ƶǮǖ˟ǖ˲ǘǧǏǏǡ˟ƶǥǨǢǨǘ ǪǏ˰ưƳ˟ǨǭƹˢƷ˟ǨǗǥǧǮǘư˭Ǯǖ˟ǖ˲
ƹǞ˟ Ǘư˝ǎǪǥƶǢǖlj ƹǞ˟ ƶǫǘưư˭Ǟ˟˿ǎǢǎǥ˟ ǗɎ
NJ˟ǥƷǨưƹ˟Ǟƶǎˣ˲Ǫǥƶ Ǫǘ˰ˠǖǖ˲ƳǎǪlj˰ǎnjǨƶưǛ˝ǏǮnjǗǪǐˮǎƷ˸ǨǎǞǎǖǨư ǪǓǘǨǧ
ǭǎǐǘǧǪnjǟNJ˟Ǩƶ ɓ Ǫǘˠ˰ǖǘǧǏǨljư˝ǎǥǗ˟ǨƶǢǎ˝ư Ʒǎưǘǧnjˠ˝ƶ ǎǨǗǫǓnjǗ˪ǡ˿ǪnjǓǪǘ˲ǗưǞ˟Ǩ
ǡǎǨǖǏ˰ǎǫNJư ǫǛˢǞNJǥǎǎˣ˝ǎ ”Œ ư˭Ǘ˝ƶǮǖ˟Ǔǘˢǥǖǘ˝ǏƳǎǖǨưǖǨǗƱǎǨljǎˣ˝ǎ NJ˰ljNJ˟ǥ
ǡNjǨǎnj˲ˠNJ˟Ǩƶ ɓ ǮǞˢư˭Ǯǖ˟Ǯljˢ ǮljˢǫNJ˟njˠ˲DŽǨǎnj˝Ǔǡ˝NJǢ˲Ǐ ǡ˿ljnjˢǨǗư˭Ǣ˝ǎǖǨNJ˰ljNJ˟ǥǬǘƶǫǘǖ
Ʒǎưǘǧnjˠ˝ƶǛƶNJ˝Ǟ
ljˢǞǗǡNjǨǎưǨǘLj˪Ǐ˝ƶƳ˝Ǐ NJˢǥƶǪǘ˰ˠǖnj˸ǨǬǘƶǫǘǖǭǢˢǪǐˮǎ ”Œ ƷǨưǎˣ˝ǎư˭ƱǗǨǗ
Ǫǐˮǎ \Œ ȴ\ńïÓį ŒŹÓšÓĺűěĺûȵ ǫǛˢǞƱǗǨǗǪǓ˰ˠǖǥ˲ưǪǐˮǎ ”Œ ȴ įűûšĺÓűěƑû ”űÓűû
ŒŹÓšÓĺűěĺûȵ Ǣǘ˶ǥ \Œ ȴ įűûšĺÓűěƑû \ńïÓį ŒŹÓšÓĺűěĺûȵ ƺˠ˴ƶǪǐǎˮ ưǨǘǫưˢǐƾ˞ ǢǨ

mºG"ȷǭǵɑNJLJǎˢǜ˳Ʋlj˜ƮǙǣǑǥƬ˔ǑǦƬ˟ƱǜǣLjǣǓǃǜ˱ƬǩLJǒ 65

ǮǐNJǨǖǫNJ˟Ǜǧƹ˟ǞƶƷǎǘǧǏǏnjˣ˝ƶǢǖljǛƶNJ˝Ǟ ǫǛǧnjˠ˲ǡ˸ǨƳ˝ƾǗ˝ƶǪǐˮǎưǨǘǢǨnjǨƶǥǥư
ǭǢˢư˝ǏǍ˿ǘư˰ƷǬǘƶǫǘǖ ǫǛǧnj˲ˠǓ˝ưNJ˟Ǩƶ ɓ ǭǎǗǨǖǞ˰ưǙNJƳǘˣ˝ƶǎ˲ˣǮǐljˢǞǗ ǪǓǘǨǧNJ˟ǥǖǨ
ǮljˢǪưlj˰ ǘǧǏǏ EńŨŞěűûį Ǣǘǥ˶ EńŨŞěűÓį ɬ Eńűûį ǪǓˠǥ˶ ǭǢǏˢ ǘư˰ ǨǘǑǐˢ́ Ǟˡ Ǘ Ǣǘǥ˶ ǑNJˢ́ ˰ljǪƹˣǥ˶
nj˲ˠǖ˲ǥǨưǨǘǮǖ˟Ǣǎ˝ư ǭƹˢư˝ưNJ˝ǞǫnjǎưǨǘǓ˝ưǥǗ́˟ư˝ǏǏˢǨǎƱˣ˴ǎǪǐˮǎƳǘˣ˝ƶǫǘư ǫǛǧǗ˝ƶƹ˟ǞǗ
ǏǘǘǪnjǨǡNjǨǎưǨǘLjǭ˪ ǎǗǨǖnjˠ˲Ǒǐ́ˢ Ǟˡ ǗǛˢǎǬǘƶǓǗǨǏǨǛǥ˲ưljˢǞǗ

• ǪǏƶ˟ ǪNJ˲Ǘƶ ǡNjǨǎưǨǘLj˪ưǨǘǘư˝ ǠǨǭǎƹǞ˟ ƶǫǘư ȭ
ǭǎDŽǨǎǧnjǪˠ˲ ǐǎˮ ǬǘƳǥǏ˿ NJ˝ ǭ˰ Ǣǖƺ˟ ƶˠ˴ ǫǓǘǘ˟ ǧǏǨljưǞǨˢ ƶƱǞǨƶǮǐnjǞˠ˝ ǬǛư ȴŠÓĺõûĸěïȵ
ǫǛǧǐǘǧǪnjǟǮnjǗǗƶ˝ ǐǘǧưǨǟǭǢǬˢ ƳǞlj˰ DzǺ Ǫǐǎˮ ǬǘƳNJlj˰ NJǥ˟ ǘǨˢ Ǘǫǘƶ ǫNJlj˟ Ǟˢ ǗƳǞǨǖƷǨ˸ ưlj˝
ƱǥƶƱǥˢ ǖǛ́ ǭǎƹǞ˟ ƶǫǘư ǫǛǧưǨǘƱǨljǥƶƳ˪ƳǞǨǖǘ́ǭˢ ǎǬǘƳǎ ˲ˣ nj˸ǨǭǢǐˢ ǛǨǗnjǨƶưǨǘǘư˝ ǠǨ
Ǘ˟ǥǖǢǎ˲Ǯǖ˟ǓˢǎǬǘƶǓǗǨǏǨǛ ǭƳǘǐˡǞǗǢǘ˶ǥNJ˰ljǪƹˣ˶ǥǬƳǞ˰lj DzǺ NJˢǥƶǪƱˢǨǬǘƶǓǗǨǏǨǛ
njˣ˝ƶǢǖlj
ǎǨǗǫǓnjǗ˪ǡǖǟ˝ưlj˰˫ ǥǘǘƵǟ˰Ǜǐˬ ǥǍ˰Ǐlj˲ưǘǖưǨǘǫǓnjǗ˪ Ǒ́ˢǖ˲ǏnjǏǨnj
ǡ˸ǨƳ˝ƾǭǎưǨǘƷ˝ljưǨǘnjǨƶưǨǘǫǓnjǗ˪NJǛǥljǡǨǖǐ˳ nj˲ˠǪǘǨNJˢǥƶǪǑƹ˰ƾư˝ǏǬƳǞ˰lj DzǺ
ǡǘ˿ǐǡNjǨǎưǨǘLjǮ˪ ǞˢǞ˟Ǩ
ɎƷǨ˸ ǮljǮˢ ǢǖƳǘǏ˝ ǐǫ˳ ǘưǪǘǨǏǥưǞǨ˟ ǪǘǨǐǘǧǡǏƳǞǨǖǡǨ˸ ǪǘƷ˭ ǭǎưǨǘƳǞǏƳǖ˿ ǬǘƳ
ljˢǞǗ ǘ˝ưǠǨǓǗǨǏǨǛljˢǞǗ ǪǘǨǪǥǨƳǎǮƱˢnj˿ưƳǎǪƱˢǨǬǘƶǓǗǨǏǨǛ ǪǓǘǨǧǥǧǮǘ
ǪǓǘǨǧǞ˟Ǩǖ˝ǎǮǖ˟ǮljˢǢǎ˝ưǢǎǨǡǨǢ˝ǡ NJǥǎnjˠ˲ǖ˝ǎǪǐˮǎǥ˟́Ǧˠ˝ǎ ǥǧǮǘư˭NJǨǖ ǖ˝ǎǫǓǘ˟
ǖ˝ǎǮǖ˟ǮljˢǪǘ˭ǞǖǨư ǫǛˢǞǐǘǧƹǨƹǎư˭Ǘ˝ƶǪǘ˲ǗưǥǧǮǘ NJˠ˶ǎNJ˝Ǟ Ǘ˝ƶNJǘǧǢǎ˝ưǥǗ́˟ ǥǨƷƷǧ
ǖNJ˲ ǘǧǢǎưljǞˢ Ǘ ǫǛǧǪƱǨǪƹˠǥ˶ Ǫưǥ˶ Ǐnjư˿ ǥǗǨ˟ ƶnjǏ˲ˠ Ƴ˿ ǛǨưǘnjǨƶưǨǘǫǓnjǗǓ˪ lj́ ǪǓǘǨǧƸǧǎǎˣ˝
ǐ˳ǫǘưǪǘǨǏǥưǐǘǧǡǏƳǞǨǖǡ˸ǨǪǘ˭Ʒ ǪǓǘǨǧǪǥǨnj˿ưǪƳǡǪƱˢǨǬǘƶǓǗǨǏǨǛ ǪǓǘǨǧ
ǥǧǮǘƳǘ˝Ǐ NjˢǨƳ˿LjǭǢˢǪƱǨưǛ˝ǏǏˢǨǎ ǪǢǖ˶ǥǎǗ˿Ǭǘǐ Ƴ˿LjƳǞǏƳ˿ǖưǨǘǫǓǘ˟Ǫƹˣ˶ǥǮǖ˟Ǯljˢ
ǫǛˢǞNJǥǎǎˣǎ˝ ǪNJ˲Ǘƶǖǎ˝ Ǘƶ˝ ǓǥɎ
ǫNJ˟ǡNjǨǎưǨǘLj˪ưǛ˝ǏǓǛ˰ưǑ˝ǎ Ǫǖˠ˶ǥưǨǘǘǧǏǨljǪƱˢǨǡ́˟ǘǧǛǥưƱǥƶǪljǛNJˢǨ
Ǭ lj Ǘ Ǫ Ƹ Ǔ Ǩ ǧ ǥ Ǘ˟ Ǩ ƶ Ǘ˰ˠ ƶ Ǫ ǖˠ ˶ ǥ Ǟ˰ ư Ǚ NJ ǖ Ǩ ǐ ǧ nj˿ Ʒ ǎ Ǫ ư˰ lj ǡ́ ƶ ǡ˿ lj ǫ Ǜ ǧ Ǭ ư Ǜ Ǩ Ǣ Ǜ Ǟ˟˿ ǎ Ǟ Ǩ Ǘ
ǭ ǎ Ǫ Ʊ NJ ư ǘ˿ ƶ Ǫ nj Ǔ ɔ Ǒˢ́ Ƴ ǎ Ǣ Ǩ Ǫ NJ˲ Ǘ ƶ Ǯ ǖ˟ Ǯ ljˢ Ƴ ǎ ǐˡ Ǟ Ǘ ǎ ǥ ǎ Ǜˢ ǎ ǎ ǥ ư Ǭ ǘ ƶ Ǔ Ǘ Ǩ Ǐ Ǩ Ǜ Ǣ ǘ˶ ǥ
ǏǨƶǘǨǗư˭NJˢǥƶǎǥǎǘǥǪNJ˲ǗƶǥǗ́˟njˠ˲ǏˢǨǎ Ʒǎưǘǧnjˠ˝ƶǪư˰ljƳǎǪǡ˲Ǘƹ˲Ǟ˰NJǭǎǏˢǨǎ Ǣǘ˶ǥǮǖǮ˟ ljˢ
ǘǏ˝ ưǨǘǘư˝ ǠǨǥǗǨ˟ ƶnj˝ǎnj˟Ǟƶnj˲
ɎǓǥǖǨǐ˳njˠ˲ǡǥƶƱǥƶǪljǛNJˢǨ ƹ˟ǞƶǬưǛǨǢǛǭǎưǘ˿ƶǪnjǓɔ ǢǨǪNJ˲ǗƶǮǖ˟ǮljˢǪǎ˲ˠǗ
ǭǎDŽǨǎǧlj́ǫǛǬǘƶǓǗǨǏǨǛǭǎǡ˝ƶư˝ljưǘǖưǨǘǫǓnjǗ˪ǫǛˢǞ ǖ˲ƳǞǨǖǘ́ˢǡ˴ưNJǥǎǎˣ˝ǎ
Ǫ ư˰ lj Ƴ Ǟ Ǩ ǖ Ǫ Ƴ ǘ˲ Ǘ lj Ʒ ǧ ǫ ưˢ ǐ˞ ƾ Ǣ Ǩ ǥ ǧ Ǯ ǘ ǥ Ǘ˟ Ǩ ƶ Ǯ ǘ Ɏ ǎ Ǩ Ǘ ǫ Ǔ nj Ǘ˪ ǡ ǖ ǟ˝ ư lj˰˫ ư Ǜ˟ Ǩ Ǟ Ǟ˟ Ǩ
Ɏǭǎưǘ˿ƶǪnjǓɔ ǫǛǧǐǘǖ˰ LjdžǛư˭ǪljǨǮǞˢǫNJ˟ǫǘưǫǛˢǞƷǧǪư˰ljǐƾ˞ ǢǨǫǏǏǎɎˣ˲
ǥǍ˰Ǐlj˲ưǘǖưǨǘǫǓnjǗ˪Ǘ˝ƶưǛ˟ǨǞ ɎƱǥǏƳ˿Ljnj˟ǨǎǡǨǍ˰NJ ǐ˱NJ˿ǪNJƹǧ ǘ˝DŽǖǎNJǘ˲
ƹǞ˟ ǗǞǨ˟ ưǨǘɔ njǪ˲ˠ ƱǨˢ ǖǨƹǞ˟ ǗƷlj˝ ưǨǘǪǘˠǥ˶ ƶǎ ˲ˣ ǬljǗǎƶˠ˝ Ǫǐǎˮ ǐǘǧǍǨǎưǨǘǐǘǧƹǖ˿ ưǨǘǏǘǢ˰ Ǩǘ

66 mºG"ȷǭǵɑNJLJǎˢǜ˳Ʋlj˜ƮǙǣǑǥƬ˔ǑǦƬ˟ƱǜǣLjǣǓǃǜ˱ƬǩLJǒ

Ʒlj˝ ưǨǘǪNJǗ˲ ƶǭǎưǘ˿ƶǪnjǓɔ ǫǛǧǐǘǖ˰ LjdžǛ NJƶˣ˝ ǫNJư˟ ǖ˿ ǕǨǓǎ˝ Ǎ ˪ dzǶǷǴ ǐǫ˳ ǘưnjǪˠ˲ ǘǖ˰ˠ ǘǧǏǨlj
Ǫǘǖ˰ˠ njǨ˸ J ƳǛǎ˰ ư˰ ǬǘƳnjǨƶǪljǎ˰ ǢǨǗǭƷ ǫǛǧưǪ˭ ǘǖ˰ˠ ưǨǘǐǘǧƹǖ˿ ưǨǘǏǘǢ˰ ǨǘƷlj˝ ưǨǘǪNJǗ˲ ƶ
ǬljǗǐǘǧưǥǏljˢǞǗưǘǘǖưǨǘƷǨưǢǛǨǗǕǨƳǡ˟Ǟǎ njˣ˝ƶǕǨƳǘ˝DŽ ǕǨƳǪǥưƹǎ ǫǛǧ
ǖǢǨǞ˰njǗǨǛ˝Ǘ NJǛǥljǡǨǖǐǖ˳ ǐ˲ ǘǧƹ˿ǖǖǨǪư˶ǥǏǘǥˢ ǗƳǘˣƶ˝ ǫǛˢǞɇ
ɎǪƷˢǨǕǨǓǭǢƾ˟Ʒǘ˰ƶ ɓ Ʊǥƶưǘ˿ƶǪnjǓɔ Ƴ˶ǥǬǘƶǓǗǨǏǨǛǪǥưƹǎǭƹ˟ǮǢǖ
ǖ˲ ǘˢ ǥ Ǘ ư Ǟ˟ Ǩ Ǭ ǘ ƶ Ǔ Ǘ Ǩ Ǐ Ǩ Ǜ Ʊ ǥ ƶ ư ǘ ǖ ư Ǩ ǘ ǫ Ǔ nj Ǘ˪ ǖ˲ Ǫ Ǔ˲ Ǘ ƶ Ǭ ǘ ƶ Ǔ Ǘ Ǩ Ǐ Ǩ Ǜ ǘ Ǩ ƹ Ǟ˰ Nj˲
ǬǘƶǓǗǨǏǨǛǪǛ˰ljǡǎ˰ ǫǛǧǬǘƶǓǗǨǏǨǛǎǓǘNJ˝ ǎ ˪ ǡǨǖǬǘƶǓǗǨǏǨǛǎǪ˲ˣ nj˟Ǩǎǎˣ˝ ǎǥưǎǎˣ˝
Ǫǐǎˮ ǡNjǨǏǎ˝ ǪƸǓǨǧnjǨƶ Ǫƹǎ˟ ǡNjǨǏǎ˝ ǖǧǪǘƶ˭ ǫǢƶ˟ ƹǨNJ ˰ ǡNjǨǏǎ˝ ǬǘƳǑǞ˰ Ǣǎƶ˝ Ǣǘǥ˶ ǡNjǨǏǎ˝
ǐǘǧǡǨnjǞ˰njǗǨ ƺˠƶ˴ ǭǎƳǞǨǖƷǘƶ˰ ưǘ˭ Ǐ˝ ǬƳǞ˰lj DzǺ ǮljˢǮǖǪ˟ ǗǥǧǢǘǥưɎ ǎǨǗǫǓnjǗǡ˪ ǖǟư˝ lj˫˰
ưǛ˟ǨǞǞ˟Ǩ ɎǪƸǓǨǧƱǥƶ ưnjǖȣǪǥƶư˭ǖ˲ǥǗ́˟ǡ˰ǏưǞ˟ǨǬǘƶǓǗǨǏǨǛ ǫǛˢǞư˭ǖ˲ǬǘƶǓǗǨǏǨǛ
ƱǥƶnjǢǨǘNJ˸ǨǘǞƷ ǫǛǧǖǬ˲ ǘƶǪǘǗ˲ ǎǫǓnjǗ ˪ Ƴ˶ǥǢǛǨưǢǛǨǗǡƶ˝ ư˝ljǖǨưɎ
ǐƾ˞ ǢǨǭǢƾư˟ ˭Ƴ˶ǥǭǎǓˣǎ˶ njˠ˲ưǘ˿ƶǪnjǓǖǢǨǎƳǘ Ǒǘ́ˢ Ǐ˝ Ǒlj˰ ƹǥǏƶǨǎǡǨǍǨǘLjǡƱ˿
Ƴ˶ǥ ưnjǖȣǖǭ˰ ƹư˟ ǘǧnjǘǞƶǡǨǍǨǘLjǡƱ˿
ɎưNJ˭ ˢǥƶǖư˲ ǨǘǖǨNJưǛƶưǎ˝ ǭǎưǘǥǏưǨǘlj˸ǨǪǎǎ˰ ƶǨǎ ǪǓǘǨǧǪǘǨưǡ˭ ƶˠ˝ ǪƱǨǮǖǮ˟ ljˢ
ǪƱǨư˭ǡˠ˝ƶǪǘǨǮǖ˟Ǯljˢ ǪƷˢǨƱǥƶǥ˸ǨǎǨƷƳ˶ǥ ưnjǖȣǮǖ˟ǭƹ˟ưǘǧnjǘǞƶǡǨǍǨǘLjǡ˿Ʊ Ǣǘ˶ǥ
ưǘǖưǨǘǫǓnjǗ˪ Ʒǘ˰ƶ ɓ ǪǘǨǖ˲ǏnjǏǨnjǢǎˢǨnj˲ˠǥǥưǫƳ˟ǫǎǞnjǨƶưǨǘǘ˝ưǠǨ ǫNJ˟ǘǧǏǏ
ǖǎ˝ ư˸ǨǛ˝ƶƷǧǛ˟ǖ ưǘǖưǨǘǫǓnjǗǪ˪ ǛǗNJˢǥƶƹǞ˟ ǗƱǏ˝ ǪƳǛˠ˶ǥǎǪǘˠǥ˶ ƶǓǞưǎǭˣ˲ ǎưǘ˿ƶǪnjǓɔɎ
ǎǨǗǫǓnjǗ˪ǡǖǟ˝ưlj˰˫ǮljˢǘǧǏ˿Nj˴ƶǞ˰Ǎ˲ǢǨnjǨƶǥǥư ljˢǞǗưǨǘƷ˝ljưǨǘnj˲ˠǪǘ˲ǗưǞ˟Ǩ
ǪǏ˟ƶǪNJ˲Ǘƶ ƺˠ˴ƶǪǘ˰ˠǖNJˢǎǓ́ljƳ˿ǗǘǧǢǞ˟ǨƶǬǘƶǓǗǨǏǨǛư˝ǎǭǎƹ˟ǞƶǘǧǛǥưǪljǛNJˢǨ ǫǛǧ
ǭǎưǨǘǫǓǘǘ˟ ǧǏǨljǘǧǛǥưǭǢǖ ˟ ƷǎǎǨ˸ Ǯǐǡư˟́ ǨǘƷlj˝ ưǨǘDŽǨǎƱǥˢ ǖǛ́ ǪNJǗ˲ ƶǘư˝ ǠǨǓǗǨǏǨǛ
njˣ˝ƶǐǘǧǪnjǟ
ɎNJǥǎǎǎˣ˝ ǪǘǗ˲ ưǞǨ˟ ưǨ˸ Ǜƶ˝ ƷǧǪǏƶ˟ ưǎ˝ Ǣǎư˝ Ǜǧ ǫNJǭ˟ ǎǘǥǏǎ ˣ˲ ǮǖǪ˟ Ǣǖǥ˶ ǎǘǥǏnjǫ˲ˠ ǛǞˢ
ǘǥǏnjǫ˲ˠ ǛǞˢ ǖǎ˝ NJǨ˟ ƶƳǎNJǨ˟ ƶǘ́ ˢ ưǖ˭ ǨǞǨƶưǘǥǏưǎ˝ ǞǨ˟ ƷǧƹǞ˟ Ǘưǎ˝ ǪǏƶ˟ ǥǗǨ˟ ƶǮǘǭǎƹǎˣ˝ ǏǘǢ˰ Ǩǘ
ǫǛˢǞư˭nj˸Ǩǡ˰ˠƶnjˠ˲Ǫǘ˲ǗưǞ˟Ǩ pȼ¾Óšõ ư˭Ƴ˶ǥǖ˲Ʒ˸ǨǎǞǎǪNJ˲Ǘƶǘ˟Ǟǖư˝ǎǭǎưǘ˿ƶǪnjǓɔ ǖ˲ǪNJ˲Ǘƶ
Ǟ˟ǨƶǪnj˟ǨǮǢǘ ˟ Ʒǧǡƶ˟ NJ˟ǥư˝ǎǗƶ˝ ǮƶɎ
ƱLjǧnjˠ˲ǎǨǗǫǓnjǗ˪ǡ˿ǪnjǓ ǪǓƹǘǖǨư Ǣ˝ǞǢǎˢǨǑ́ˢNJǘǞƷǘǨƹưǨǘưǘǧnjǘǞƶ
ǪǛ˟ǨNj˴ƶǡNjǨǎưǨǘLj˪ǪNJ˲ǗƶǓǗǨǏǨǛǭǎǓˣ˶ǎnjˠ˲ƱǥƶNJǎǭǎnjǨƶǕǨƳǭNJˢǞ˟Ǩ NJˢǥƶƷ˝ljưǨǘ
ǮǖNJ˟ ˟Ǩƶư˝ǎ
ɎǪǘˠǥ˶ ƶǪǏƶ˟ ǪNJ˲Ǘƶ ǪNJ˲ǗƶǑǖǪƱNJ Dzdz ǎǪˠ˲ lj˰ǖǪǘǨǖǥ˲ Ǘ́Ǯ˟ ǖNj˟ ˴ƶǢǖˠǎ˶ ǖǎ˝ ǪǏƶ˟ ưǎ˝ ƷǎNj˴ƶ
ǢˢǨǢǖˠ˶ǎưǞ˟ǨǮljˢ Ƴ˶ǥǪǞǛǨǖ˝ǎǘǧǏǨljǘ˝ǏǬƳǞ˰lj ǫǛˢǞǥǗ˟ǨƶǬǘƶǓǗǨǏǨǛǥ˸ǨǪǕǥǏǨƶnjˠ˲
ǪǘǨǪǢǎ˭ Ǫǖˠǥ˶ ư˟ǥǎǎǥǎư˝ǎǮljˢ ǶDZȼǷDZ ǪNJ˲Ǘƶ ǡlj˿ njˢǨǗljǫ́ ǛƳǎǮƱǮˢ ljˢǪǐǎˮ ǢǨˢ ǘǥˢ ǗǪNJ˲ǗƶɎ
ƷǨưƷ˿ljǪǘ˰ˠǖNJˢǎƱǥƶǐ˞ƾǢǨǪNJ˲ǗƶǮǖ˟Ǔǥƺˠ˴ƶǪǐˮǎǐ˞ƾǢǨǪƸǓǨǧǓˣ˶ǎnjˠ˲ Ǯljˢǘ˝Ǐ
ưǨǘǓ˝LJǎǨNJ˟ǥǪǐˮǎ pȼ¾Óšõ ƺˠ˴ƶnj˸ǨǘǞǖnjˣ˝ƶǐǘǧǪnjǟ ǫǛˢǞư˭Ǯǐnj˸ǨǪǐˮǎ pȼ\ěĺĬ
ƺˠ˴ƶǪǐˮǎưǨǘǎ˸Ǩ pȼ\Óî ǫǛǧ pȼ¾Óšõ ƷǎǥǨƷưǛ˟ǨǞǮljˢǞ˟ǨǪǐˮǎƹ˟ǞƶǪǞǛǨǡ˸ǨƳ˝ƾ

mºG"ȷǭǵɑNJLJǎˢǜ˳Ʋlj˜ƮǙǣǑǥƬ˔ǑǦƬ˟ƱǜǣLjǣǓǃǜ˱ƬǩLJǒ 67

ƱǥƶưǨǘǡǘˢǨƶǘǧǏǏDŽǨǎƱˢǥǖ́Ǜǡ˿ƱǕǨǓ ǫǛǧǏǘ˰ưǨǘǭǎǘǧlj˝ǏǐǘǧǪnjǟ ǫNJ˟Ǘ˝ƶ
Ǫư˰ljǐƾ˞ ǢǨǏǨƶǥǗǨ˟ ƶǥǗ́Ǐ˟ Ǩˢ ƶ ǬljǗǪƸǓǨǧưǨǘǥ˝ǐǪljNJƱǥˢ ǖǛ́ ǬljǗ ǎǨǗǫǓnjǗǡ˪ ǖǟư˝ lj˰˫
ǥǍ˰Ǐlj˲ưǘǖưǨǘǫǓnjǗ˪ǪǢ˭ǎǞ˟Ǩ ƳǥǖǓ˰ǞǪNJǥǘ˪ǪǐˮǎǫƳ˟ǪƳǘˠ˶ǥƶǖ˶ǥǥǗ˟ǨƶǢǎˠ˴ƶ NjˢǨǪǘǨ
Ǯǖǭ˟ ǡǭ˟ Ʒǖǎ˝ ư˭Ǯǖǥ˟ ˝ǐǪljNJ
ɎƷǘ˰ƶ ɓ ǪǐˮǎǬǥưǨǡlj˲ǖǨư ǪǐˮǎǬǥưǨǡnj˲ˠlj˲ǖǨưNjˢǨƷǧǖ˲ƳǎǮǐƷ˝Ǐnj˸ǨƷǘ˰ƶ ɓ
ǫNJ˟NJˢǥƶǪǥǨƳǎǮƱˢǪǐˮǎǟ́ǎǗ˪ưǛǨƶ ǥǗ˟Ǩƶnjˠ˲ǏǥưǥǗ˟ǨǪǥǨNJ˝ǞǪǥƶǪǐˮǎǟ́ǎǗ˪ưǛǨƶɎ
ǥǍ˰Ǐlj˲ưǘǖưǨǘǫǓnjǗ˪ưǛ˟ǨǞǞ˟Ǩ ɎƷǘ˰ƶ ɓ NjˢǨǪǘǨǖǥƶǬƳǞ˰lj DzǺ ǪǐˮǎƳ˿Lj ǡǥƶǐ˳ưǞ˟Ǩ
NjˢǨǭƳǘǮǖǮ˟ ljˢǪǘǗ˲ ǎǘ́ǥˢ ǧǮǘǪǛǗ ǪǡǗ˲ ljǨǗǬǥưǨǡǖǨưɎ

• ǬǘƶǓǗǨǏǨǛǡǎǨǖ ưǨǘǫǓnjǗǗ˪ ǨǖǞ˰ưǙNJ ȭ
ljˢǞǗǡNjǨǎưǨǘLj˪ưǨǘǫǓǘ˟ǘǧǏǨljǭǎǘǧǛǥưnj˲ˠǡǥƶ ǬljǗǪƸǓǨǧnjˠ˲Ʒ˝ƶǢǞ˝lj
ǡǖ˿njǘǡǨƳǘ ǫǎǞƳ˰ljǭǎưǨǘlj́ǫǛǘ˝ưǠǨǑ́ˢǐˡǞǗǫǏǏǥˠ˶ǎ ɓ Ʒ˴ƶǪư˰ljƱˣ˴ǎ ǖ˰ǭƹ˟ǭƳǘNJ˰ljǪƹˣ˶ǥ
NJˢǥƶǪlj˰ǎǢǎǨˢ ǪƱǨˢ ǘư˝ ǠǨǭǎǬǘƶǓǗǨǏǨǛǪǓǗ˲ ƶǥǗǨ˟ ƶǪlj˲ǗǞ ǬǘƶǓǗǨǏǨǛǡǎǨǖǫǢƶ˟ ǫǘư
Ʒ˴ƶǪǐ˱ljNJ˝ǞƱˣ˴ǎnj˲ˠƷ˝ƶǢǞ˝ljǡǖ˿njǘǡǨƳǘ ǕǨǗǭNJˢǏ˝ƾƹǨưǨǘƱǥƶ ǎǨǗǫǓnjǗ˪Ǫư˲ǗǘNJ˰Ǖ́ǖ˰
ǐǛ˝ljưǘǧnjǘǞƶǡǨǍǨǘLjǡ˿Ʊ ǫǖ˟nj˝ǓǭǢƾ˟ǭǎǟ˴ưǬƳǞ˰lj DzǺ njˠ˲ǪǓˠ˰ƶǪƱˢǨǘ˝ǏNJ˸ǨǫǢǎ˟ƶ
ǮljˢǮǖǎ˟ Ǩǎǎư˝ ǫǛǧNj˶ǥǪǐǎˮ Ʒ˿ljǪǘǖˠ˰ ƱǥƶưǨǘǘǧǏǨljǭǢƾƳ˟ ǘˣƶ˝ ǫǘưƱǥƶǐǘǧǪnjǟǮnjǗ
ɎǪǘǨǐ˱ljNJǘƶǎˣ˝ǎ NJˣ˝ƶǭƷƷǧǪlj˶ǥǎǪlj˲ǗǞ ǫNJ˟ǘ́ˢǡ˴ưƷǧǐ˱ljǪư˶ǥǏǡǥƶǪlj˶ǥǎ
Ǫ ǐ˱ lj Ǯ ǐ ǫ Ǜˢ Ǟ Ǫ ǎˠ˲ Ǘ ư˭ NJˢ ǥ ƶ lj́ ǫ Ǜ ǘ˝ ư Ǡ Ǩ Ǫ Ʊ Ǩ ǎ ǧ Ǫ Ǒˠ ˶ ǥ Ǫ Ʊ Ǩ Ǯ ǖ˟ ǡ Ǐ Ǩ Ǘ Ǫ ǐˮ ǎ ư Ǩ ǘ Ʒ˝ lj NJˣ˝ ƶ
ǬǘƶǓǗǨǏǨǛǡǎǨǖǫǢƶ˟ ǫǘưƱˣǎ˴ nj˲ˠǎˠǎ˝ NJǥǎǎˣǎ˝ ǪǘǗ˲ ưǞ˟ǨǬƳǞ˰ljǢǞǥlj"
ǎǨǗǫǓnjǗ˪Ǫư˲ǗǘNJ˰Ǖ́ǖ˰Ǫǐ˱ljǪǑǗǞ˟Ǩ ưǨǘǪǐ˱ljǬǘƶǓǗǨǏǨǛǡǎǨǖư˭NJˢǥƶ
ǖ˲ưǨǘǪǏ˰ưƷ˟ǨǗ ǪǘǨNJˢǥƶƳ˰ljNj˴ƶǓǞưǎˣ˲ljˢǞǗ NJǥǎǎˣ˝ǎǬǘƶǓǗǨǏǨǛǡǎǨǖư˭Ǘ˝ƶǮǖ˟ǪƳǗ
nj˸ ǨǭǎǐǘǧǪnjǟǮnjǗǪǛǗ NJˢ ǥƶǮǐǢǨlj́Ƴ˸ Ǩǎ˰ǗǨǖ NJˢ ǥƶlj́ưǀǢǖǨǗư˭ Nj˶ ǥǪǐˮǎ
ǬǘƶǓǗǨǏǨǛnjˠ˝ǞǮǐ NJǥǎǢǛ˝ƶư˭ǪǛǗư˸ǨǢǎljǎ˰ǗǨǖǭǢǖ˟Ǫǡ˲ǗǞ˟ǨǪǐˮǎǬǘƶǓǗǨǏǨǛ
ǡǨ˸ ǢǘǏ˝ ǬƳǞ˰lj ǪǘǗ˲ ưǬǘƶǓǗǨǏǨǛǡǎǨǖǬƳǞ˰ljƱˣǎ˴ ǖǨ nj˸ǨǪǐǎˮ ǫǢƶ˟ ǫǘưnjˠ˲ǎˠǎ˝ ǐǘǧǖǨLj
ǴDZ ǪNJ˲Ǘƶ
ǎǨǗǫǓnjǗ˪Ǎƶƹ˝Ǘ ư˲ǘNJ˰Ǣ˝NJNjǗǨưǘ ǘǥƶǐǛ˝ljưǘǧnjǘǞƶɔ ǪǓ˰ˠǖǪNJ˰ǖ
ǭǎƹ˟Ǟƶǎˣ˝ǎǞ˟Ǩ ɎǪǘǨǮǖ˟ǖ˲ǬǘƶǓǗǨǏǨǛǡǎǨǖǭǎǪǖ˶ǥƶǮnjǗǖǨǎǨǎǫǛˢǞ ǡ˟ǞǎǭǢƾ˟
ƷǧǪư˰ljNJǥǎǡƶƳǘǨǖNJǨǖǫǎǞƹǨǗǫljǎ ưǘǖǫǓnjǗ˪njǢǨǘǏưƷǧǪǐˮǎƳǎƷ˝ljưǨǘ
ǡ˟ǞǎǪǘǨǪǘ˰ˠǖnj˸ǨƳǘˣ˝ƶǫǘưnjˠ˲ǡǖ˿njǘǡǨƳǘ ǬljǗƷ˸ǨǮljˢǞ˟ǨǭǎƳ˶ǎnj˲ˠǡˠ˝ƶǐ˱ljNJǛǨljưǛǨƶưˢ˿ƶ
Ǯljˢǐǘǧƹ˿ǖư˝ǏǑǞˢ́ ˟ǨǘǨƹưǨǘƷ˝ƶǢǞ˝ljǡǖnj˿ ǘǡǨƳǘɎ
ɎǪǘǨư˭ǥǗ́˟ư˝ǏǪƱǨljˢǞǗ ǐ˱ljǐ˦ ˞Ǐ Ǒǖư˭ǛƶǮǐlj́ ǥˢǨǞ Ǘ˝ƶǮǖ˟nj˝ǎǮljˢǐ˱ljǪǛǗ
Ʊ˟ǨǞǖ˝ǎǮǐǫǛˢǞ Ǒǖư˭ǛƶǮǐlj́ ǥˢǨǞ ǪǦˢǗ Ǟ˰ˠƶǪƱˢǨǥǥưư˝ǎ ǪǘǨǭǢˢǡNjǨǏ˝ǎǏ˸ǨǘǨǟǎǘǨlj́ǘ
ǪƱǨˢ Ǯǐnj˸ǨǪǐǎˮ ǬǘƶǓǗǨǏǨǛǡǎǨǖ ǫǛǞˢ ưǮ˭ ǖǭ˟ Ǣǥˢ ǥư ǫNJ˟ǐǘǨưǂǞ˟ǨƱǨ˟ Ǟǖǎ˝ ǥǥưǮǐưǥ˟ ǎ
Ǘƶ˝ Ǯǖnj˟ ˝ǎǛ˭ǥư Ƴǎư˭ǫNJưɎ

68 mºG"ȷǭǵɑNJLJǎˢǜ˳Ʋlj˜ƮǙǣǑǥƬ˔ǑǦƬ˟ƱǜǣLjǣǓǃǜ˱ƬǩLJǒ

ǘǥƶǐǛ˝ljưǘǧnjǘǞƶɔ ǘǧǏ˿Ǟ˟Ǩ ƱǨ˟ ǞǘˠǞ˝ Nj˶ǥǪǐǎˮ ǏnjǪǘǗ˲ ǎ ǫǛˢǞǓˣǎ˶ njˠ˲ưǞˢǨƶǖǨư
ǫǛǧǗƶ˝ NJ˰ljNjǎǎǭǢƾlj˟ ˢǞǗ ƷǎNJǥǎǫǘưNJˢǥƶǪǥǨǘǞˣ˝ ǛǞljǢǎǨǖǖǨưˣǎ˝ ljǎ́ Ǩ˟ ǪưǛǗ˲ ljǖǨư
ƺˠ˴ ƶ Ǫ ǐˮ ǎ Ƴ ǘˣ˝ ƶ ǫ ǘ ư nj˲ˠ Ǫ ǘ Ǩ Ǫ ǘˠ˰ ǖ ǫ ǎ Ǟ nj Ǩ ƶ ư˝ ư NJ˝ Ǟ ư˝ ư Ƴ ǎ Ǯ Ʊˢ Ǯ Ǟˢ ǭ ǎ Ǐ˝ Ǐ Ǫ Ǐ˰ Ǜ ǫ Ǜˢ Ǟ Ǫ ǘ˰ˠ ǖ NJˣ˝ ƶ
ǬǘƶǓǗǨǏǨǛǡǎǨǖǮǞˢǭǎǎˣǎ˝
ǎǥưƷǨưǬǘƶǓǗǨǏǨǛǡǎǨǖǫǛˢǞ nj˲ˠƷ˝ƶǢǞ˝ljǡǖ˿njǘǡǨƳǘǗ˝ƶǪǐˮǎƷ˿ljǪǘ˰ˠǖNJˢǎ
ƱǥƶưǨǘljǫ́ ǛǬǘƳǘǧǏǨljǭǎǫǏǏǏǏ˝ ǪǏǛ˰ ǫǥǎlj˪ƺ˲Ǜ Ǫǐǎˮ nj˲ˠǫǘưǪƹǎ˟ ư˝ǎ
ǎǨǗǫǓnjǗǍ˪ ƶƹǗ˝ ưǛǨ˟ ǞǞǨ˟ ɎǪǖˠǥ˶ Ǫƹˣǥ˶ ưǘǧƷǨǗǮǐNJǨǖǬǘƶƶǨǎNJǨ˟ ƶ ɓ ǭǎƷƶ˝ ǢǞlj˝
nj˟ǨǎǐǛ˝ljɔ ư˭Ǫǘ˰ˠǖǎǬǗǏǨǗǏ˝ǏǪǏ˰Ǜǫǥǎlj˪ƺ˲Ǜ Ʒǧnj˸ǨǥǗ˟ǨƶǮǘ ǭǢˢǓǞưǪƱǨnj˸ǨƶǨǎ
NJ˟ǥǮǐǮljˢ ƷǧǮǐǐ˱ljǍ˿ǘư˰ƷǪƱǨư˭Ǯǖ˟Ǯljˢ Ǘ˰ˠƶǪǐˮǎǍ˿ǘư˰ƷƱǥƶǡljljˢǞǗ nj˟ǨǎǐǛ˝ljƷ˴ƶƳ˰lj
Ǐ˝ǏǪǏ˰Ǜǫǥǎlj˪ƺ˲ǛƱˣ˴ǎ NjˢǨǪƷǥǭǎǬǘƶƶǨǎư˭ǭǢˢǎ˸ǨƳǎǐˡǞǗǥǥư ǪǓˠ˶ǥǭǢˢƳǎǥˠ˶ǎnj˸ǨƶǨǎ
NJ˟ǥǮǐǮljˢ ǮǖNJ˟ ˢǥƶǮǐNJǘǞƷǫǏǏǐ́Ǔǘǖǥ˲ưǫǛˢǞɎ
ɎǗˠ˰ƶǮǐǐ˱ljǪƱǨ ǖ˝ǎư˭Ǣǎ˝ưưǞ˟Ǩ Ǔǥǐ˱ljǪƱǨư˭ǫNJư ǪǢǖ˶ǥǎǑˣ˴ƶǫNJưǘ˝ƶǗ˰ˠƶǢǎ˝ư
ǪƱǨˢ ǮǐǭǢƾ ˟ ǓǨǬǘƳǮǐưǘǧƷǨǗǬljǗǮǖǘ˟ ́Ɏˢ

mºG"ȷǭǵɑNJLJǎˢǜ˳Ʋlj˜ƮǙǣǑǥƬ˔ǑǦƬ˟ƱǜǣLjǣǓǃǜ˱ƬǩLJǒ 69

ȭ ńĸĸŹĺěűƘ ȼ Eńĸû JŨńįÓűěńĺ ȭ
ưǨǘǘǧǏǨljƱǥƶǬƳǞ˰lj DzǺ Ǘ˝ƶǮljˢǡǘˢǨƶǫǎǞnjǨƶưǨǘlj́ǫǛǘ˝ưǠǨǡ˿ƱǕǨǓ
ǫǎǞǭǢǖ ˟ ǬljǗǭǢǑˢ ǐˢ́ Ǟˡ Ǘnjǖ˲ˠ ǥ˲ ǨưǨǘǮǖǢ˟ ǎư˝ Ǔư˝ ǘư˝ ǠǨNJǞ˝ njǏˠ˲ Ǩˢ ǎǢǘǥ˶ ǭǎƹǖ˿ ƹǎ Ǫǎˠǥ˶ ƶljǞˢ Ǘ
ƳǞǨǖƷ˸ǨǪǐǎˮ ƱǥƶǡNjǨǎưǨǘLj˪
ǎǨǗǫǓnjǗ˪ǡǖǟ˝ưlj˰˫ ǥǘǘƵǟ˰Ǜǐˬ ǥǍ˰Ǐlj˲ưǘǖưǨǘǫǓnjǗ˪ ưǛ˟ǨǞǞ˟Ǩ Ɏǭǎƹ˟Ǟƶ
ǘǧǏǨljƱǥƶǡǨǗǓǎ˝ ǍǪ˿˪ ljǛNJˢǨ ǓǏǑǐˢ́ Ǟˡ ǗǪǓǖ˰ˠ Ʊˣǎ˴ ǥǗǨ˟ ƶǘǞljǪǘǞ˭ ǬljǗǪƸǓǨǧǭǎưǘ˿ƶǪnjǓɔ
ǪǘǨǮljˢƳǨljưǨǘLj˪ǮǞˢǫǛˢǞǞ˟ǨǪNJ˲ǗƶǥǨƷǮǖ˟Ǔǥ ǬljǗǪǘǨǮljˢǪNJǘ˲ǗǖǫǎǞnjǨƶưǨǘlj́ǫǛ
Ǒǐˢ́ Ǟˡ ǗnjǏ˲ˠ Ǩˢ ǎ ȴEńĸû JŨńįÓűěńĺ ȥ EJȵ ǘǞǖnjˣ˝ƶưǨǘljǫ́ ǛǑǐˢ́ Ǟˡ Ǘnjƹ˲ˠ ˿ǖƹǎ ȴ ńĸĸŹĺěűƘ
JŨńįÓűěńĺ ȥ Jȵ ǮǞˢǫǛˢǞɎ
Ɏƹ˟ǞƶǫǘưǗ˝ƶǮǖ˟Ǫǐˮǎnj˲ˠǗǥǖǘ˝ǏƱǥƶǒˡǨǗǞ˰ƹǨưǨǘ ǪƱǨǞ˟ǨƷǧnj˸ǨǮljˢǢǘ˶ǥ
NjˢǨnj˸Ǩ EJ Ǫlj˩˲ǗǞǖ˝ǎ įûÓĬ ǫǓǘ˟Ǫƹˣ˶ǥ ǖ˝ǎǥǨƷlj˲ǭǎǘǧǗǧǡˣ˝ǎ ǫNJ˟ǘǧǗǧǗǨǞǥǨƷǫǓǘ˟Ǫƹˣ˶ǥ
Ǣǎ˝ưƱˣ˴ǎ ǎˠ˝ǎǪǐˮǎnj˲ˠǖǨǞ˟Ǩ nj˸ǨǮǖNJǥǎnjˠ˲ưǘǖɔ Ʒǧnj˸Ǩ EJ Nj˴ƶNJˢǥƶǮǐǫǥǏnj˸ǨưǨǘǟ˴ưǠǨ
ǭǎǬǘƶǓǗǨǏǨǛǘǨƹǞ˰Nj˲ư˟ǥǎɎ
ǥǍ˰Ǐlj˲ưǘǖưǨǘǫǓnjǗ˪ǥǍ˰ǏǨǗǞ˟Ǩ ɎǢǨưưǛ˝ǞƷǧ įûÓĬ ǪǘǨư˭Ǯǖ˟ǭǢˢƳǎǮƱˢ
ǥǥưƷǨưǢˢǥƶ ǡ˟ƶƱˢǨǞ ǡ˟ƶǎ˺Ǩ ǡ˟ƶƱǥƶ ǒˡǨǗǪǘǨlj́ǫǛǪƱǨǑ˟ǨǎǪnjƳǬǎǬǛǗ˲ Ǣǘ˶ǥ
űûįûĸûõěïěĺû Ƴ˿LjǮǖ˟NJˢǥƶǖǨ ǖ˲ưǨǘǞ˝ljǮƱˢ Ǟ˝ljǥǥưƺ˰ǪƷǎ ǫǛˢǞư˭ǡ˟ƶǖǨǭǢˢǢǖǥ
ǪǘǨǪƳǗnj˸Ǩ űûįûĸûõěïěĺû Ǟ˝ǎǛǧǡǥƶƳǘƶˣ˝ ljˢǞǗƺǨ˺ ǪƹǨˢ ưǏ˝ ǪǗǎ˭ ǪǓǘǨǧǪljǛNJˢǨǫǘƶưǞ˟Ǩ
Ǭǥǖ˰Ƴǘǥǎ ǫǎǞnjǨƶ EJ ǫǛǧ J ǪǐˮǎƳǎǛǧnjǨƶư˝Ǐǐ˳ǫǘưǪǛǗ njˠ˲ǪƳǗƹ˰ǎǫǛǧ
ǡǧljǞưǡǏǨǗưǏ˝ ǘǧǏǏǪljǖ˰ ǫǓnjǗ ˪ ǓǗǨǏǨǛNJǥˢ ƶnjǨ˸ ǫǏǏǎǎˣ˝ ƳǎǮƱǏˢ ǥưǞǨ˟ ǮǐǢǨǢǖǥ
ư˭lj˲ǥǗ́˟ǫǛˢǞ ǫNJ˟ǓǥǪƱˢǨǐ˳njˠ˲ǡǥƶ NjˢǨǪƱˢǨǬǘƶǓǗǨǏǨǛǢǖljư˭Ǯǖ˟ǮǢǞ ǪǓǘǨǧǮǖ˟ǖ˲ǪNJ˲Ǘƶ
ǭǢˢǎǥǎ ǓǥǖǨNj˴ƶǐ˳nj˲ˠǡǨǖ ƳǘǨǞǎ˲ˣǪǘǨǪǐǛˠ˲ǗǎǭǢˢ EJ Ǫǐˮǎǥ˝ǎlj˝ǏǫǘưǪǡ˲ǗljˢǞǗƺ˺Ǩ
Ǫǎˠǥ˶ ƶƷǨưǓƷ˰ ǨǘLjǨǫǛˢǞǞ˟ǨǬǥǖƳ˰ ǘǥǎǫǓǘǪ˟ ǘǞ˭ ǫNJ˟Ǯǖǫ˟ ǘƶ ǥǗ́Ǐ˟ Ǩˢ ǎǮljˢǫǎǎ˟ ǥǎɎ
Ɏnjˠ˲ǬǘƶǓǗǨǏǨǛǘǨƹǞ˰Nj˲ǪǘǨnjljǛǥƶnj˸Ǩ űûįûĸûõ ǎ˝ǏǢǖˠ˶ǎƳǘˣ˝ƶ ǪƷǨǧǪǛ˶ǥlj
ǎǥưǬǘƶǓǗǨǏǨǛ Ʒ˟ǨǗǗǨnjǨƶǮǐǘǠLj˲Ǘ˪ ƳǎǮƱˢǮǖ˟NJˢǥƶǛ˸ǨǏǨưǖǨǬǘƶǓǗǨǏǨǛ
ǪǐˮǎǪǘˠ˶ǥƶnjˠ˲ǪǘǨǥǗǨưnj˸Ǩ ǫNJ˟NJˢǥƶǗǥǖǘ˝ǏǞ˟ǨǘǧǏǏƱǥƶǕǨƳǘ˝DŽǖ˲ǪǗǥǧǖǨư Ǫƹ˟ǎ
űûįûĸûõ Njứ ǘǧǪǏǗ˲ ǏǮǢǖɎ
ǥǗ˟ǨƶǮǘư˭NJǨǖ ǫǖˢƷǧǓǗǨǗǨǖǡǘˢǨƶƳǞǨǖǪƱˢǨǭƷ ƱǥǭǢˢǕǨƳǐǘǧƹǨǡ˝ƶƳǖ
ǪƱˢǨƹ˟ǞǗ Ʒ˝ljǪNJǘǗ˲ ǖǥǥưƺǪ˰ Ʒǎnj˲ˠǓǘˢǥǖ ư˝ǏǞǥǎƳǎǮƱnjˢ ˠ˲Ǯǖǖ˟ ǥ˲ ǨưǨǘ Ǟ˟ǨƳǞǘǪƱǨˢ ǘǧǏǏ
EJ Ǣǘǥ˶ J ǪǓǘǨǧNjǨˢ njư˿ ƳǎǪƱǨˢ ǬǘƶǓǗǨǏǨǛ ǪNJǗ˲ ƶǮǖǖ˟ nj˲ ǨƶǓǥ ǫNJư˟ ǖ˭ Ƴ˲ ǎǮƱǏˢ ǨƶǡǞ˟ ǎ
ǮǖǗ˟ ǥǖ ǫǛǧƳǥǎǬljɔ ǏǨƶǫǢƶ˟ ưǮ˭ ǖǗ˟ ǥǖǭǢnjˢ Ǩ˸ EJ ǪǘǨƷƶ˴ NJǥˢ ƶnjǨ˸ EńŨŞěűûį ǪǓǖ˰ˠ Ʊǎˣ˴ ǖǨ
Ǔ ǘˢ ǥ ǖ ư˝ Ǐ ƹ˟ Ǟ ƶ ǎˣ˝ ǎ ư˭ ǖ˲ ¥ + Š ń Ƒ ě õ Ƴ ǎ Ǯ Ʊˢ ǡ˲ Ǫ Ʊ˲ Ǘ Ǟ Ǣ ǘ˶ ǥ ǫ ǖˢ ǫ NJ˟ ǡ˲ Ǫ Ǣ Ǜ˶ ǥ ƶ ǎ˰ lj ɓ
ưǪ˭ ƱǨˢ ưư˝ NJǞ˝ ǭǎǬǘƶǫǘǖǮljˢ ǬljǗǘDŽ˝ ǥǥưƳ˟ǨǭƹƷˢ ˟ǨǗǭǢˢ
ǎǨǗǫǓnjǗ˪ǡǖǟ˝ưlj˫˰Ǘ˺ǨNj˴ƶưǨǘǪǐǛ˲ˠǗǎưǘǧǏǞǎnj˝ǟǎ˪njǨƶưǨǘǫǓnjǗ˪
ƷǨưǡNjǨǎưǨǘLjǭ˪ ǎƳǘˣƶ˝ ǎˣ˲

70 mºG"ȷǭǵɑNJLJǎˢǜ˳Ʋlj˜ƮǙǣǑǥƬ˔ǑǦƬ˟ƱǜǣLjǣǓǃǜ˱ƬǩLJǒ

ɎǪǘǨNJˢǥƶǪǥǨƳǎǮƱˢǪǐˮǎǟ́ǎǗ˪ưǛǨƶƷǘ˰ƶ ɓ ǪǥǨǐǘǧƹǨƹǎǪǐˮǎǟ́ǎǗ˪ưǛǨƶ
ǪǘǨǓǗǨǗǨǖǪǎˢǎƳǎǮƱˢǪǐˮǎǟ́ǎǗ˪ưǛǨƶ ǫǛˢǞ ĸńƑû ĸûõěïÓį ŨûšƑěïûŨ ƷǨư
ĖńŨŞěűÓį îÓŨûõ ǮǐǪǐˮǎ ŞûšŨńĺÓį îÓŨûõ ǎˠ˝ǎư˭Ƴ˶ǥ ưǨǘǘ˝ưǠǨǓǗǨǏǨǛǮǖ˟ƳǞǘ
ǥǗ́ǫ˟ Ƴ˟ǭǎǬǘƶǓǗǨǏǨǛ ǫNJ˟ƳǞǘƷǧnjư˿ nj˲ˠnjư˿ ǪǞǛǨɎ

ȭ ǡƱ˿ ǕǨǓƷ˰NJȥ ǐƾ˞ ǢǨƺǥ˟ ǎǪǘǎˢ ȭ
ǬƳǞ˰lj DzǺ ǡǘˢǨƶǑǛưǘǧnjǏǖǨưǖǨǗ Ǯǖ˟Ǟ˟ǨnjǨƶǡ˝ƶƳǖǢǘ˶ǥnjǨƶǪǟǘǠDŽư˰Ʒ
ƱLjǧnjˠ˲ǑǛưǘǧnjǏNJ˟ǥǡƱ˿ ǕǨǓưǖ˭ Ǯ˰ ljˢǫƳ˟ƳǞǨǖǪƷǏ˭ ǐǞˡ ǗǪǓǗ˲ ƶưǨǗǪnj˟Ǩǎǎˣ˝ ǫNJ˟Ǫǎˠǥ˶ ƶljˢǞǗ
ưǨǘƷǨ˸ ưlj˝ ǪǡǘǕ˲ ǨǓǭǎưǨǘǪlj˰ǎnjǨƶ Ǣǘǥ˶ ưǨǘǓǏǐǧǑƳˢ́ ǎ ǘǞǖnjˣ˝ƶǖǨNJǘưǨǘǛǥ˭ ưljǨǞǎ˪
Ǘǥ˟ ǖǡǘǨˢ ƶƳǞǨǖNJ˴ƶǪƳǘǗ˲ ljǭǢǪˢ ưlj˰ Ʊˣǎ˴ ǮǖǞ˟ ˟ǨǭƳǘǭǎǡƶ˝ Ƴǖnjˣ˝ƶƳǎǐưNJ˰Ǣǘǥ˶ Ǒnj́ˢ ˲ˠǮǖNJ˟ ˰ljǪƹˣǥ˶
ưǮ˭ ljˢǘǏ˝ ǑǛưǘǧnjǏǥǗǨ˟ ƶǮǖǪ˟ Ǟˢǎ ưǨǘǪǡǘǖ˰ ǡǘǨˢ ƶƳǞǨǖǫƱƶ˭ ǫưǘƶ˟ njǨƶǭƷƱǥƶǐǘǧƹǨƹǎ
Ʒ˴ƶǪǐǎˮ Ǣǎˠƶ˴ ǭǎǢǎǨˢ ƱǥƶưǘǧnjǘǞƶǡǨǍǨǘLjǡƱ˿

mºG"ȷǭǵɑNJLJǎˢǜ˳Ʋlj˜ƮǙǣǑǥƬ˔ǑǦƬ˟ƱǜǣLjǣǓǃǜ˱ƬǩLJǒ 71

ǎǨǗǫǓnjǗ˪Ǫư˲ǗǘNJ˰Ǖ́ǖ˰ ǐǛ˝ljưǘǧnjǘǞƶɔ ǪƳǗlj˸ǨǘƶNJ˸ǨǫǢǎ˟ƶǥǍ˰Ǐlj˲
ưǘǖǡ˿ƱǕǨǓƷ˰NJ ư˟ǥǎǘ˝ǏNJ˸ǨǫǢǎ˟ƶǐǛ˝ljưǘǧnjǘǞƶǡǨǍǨǘLjǡ˿Ʊ ǏǥưǞ˟Ǩ ưǨǘǘǧǏǨlj
ƱǎǨljǭǢƾǪ˟ ǐǎˮ ǞƶưǞˢǨƶǫǏǏ ŞÓĺõûĸěï Ǘǥ˟ ǖnj˸ǨǭǢƳˢ ǎǭǎǐǘǧǪnjǟǪưlj˰ ƳǞǨǖǪƳǘǗ˲ lj
ǪǘǨNJǥˢ ƶljǫ́ ǛljǨˢ ǎƷNJ˰ ǭƷƱǥƶƳǎnjƶˣ˝ ǐǘǧǪnjǟljǞˢ Ǘ ǮǖǞ˟ Ǩ˟ ƷǧNJlj˰ ǬƳǞlj˰ Ǣǘǥ˶ Ǯǖ ˟ ǬljǗǮljǡˢ ǘǨˢ ƶ
ǫǥǓǓǛ˰ǪƳƹǎ˝ ǪǓˠǥ˶ NJǘǞƷǡǥǏǡƱ˿ ǕǨǓƷ˰NJ ǪǓˠǥ˶ ǐǘǧǪǖǎ˰ NJ˝ǞǪǥƶǪǐǎˮ ǘǧǗǧ
ljǨˢ ǎǫǓnjǗǢ˪ ƾƶ˰ ǥǖ˝ Ǔǘ ǪǏƾƷǓǛǓnj˰ ư˝ Ǡ ˪ ǥǍǏ˰ ljư˲ ǘǖǡƱ˿ ǕǨǓƷNJ˰ ƳǎǐƷ˞ ƷǏ˿ ǎ˝
ǭǢƳˢ ǞǨǖǪǢǎ˭ Ǟ˟Ǩ ǖNJ˰ ˰njǨƶǡƱ˿ ǕǨǓƷ˰NJǪǐǎˮ Ǫǘˠǥ˶ ƶnjˠ˲ǢǛǨǗƳǎǖư˝ ǖǥƶǮǖǪ˟ Ǣǎ˭ ǪǓǘǨǧljǪ́ ǐǎˮ
Ǫǘˠǥ˶ ƶǛǥ˟ ƶǛǥǗ Ǣǘǥ˶ Ǫǐǎˮ ǎǨǖǍǘǘǖ ǪǞǛǨǪưlj˰ ǬǘƳNJlj˰ NJǥ˟ njư˿ ƳǎƷǧƳlj˰ Njƶ˴ ǫNJư˟ ǨǘƷlj˝ ưǨǘ
ưǏ˝ Ǫƹˣǥ˶ ǬǘƳ ǫNJ˟ƶǨǎǡƱ˿ ǕǨǓƷ˰NJƷǧǫǒƶǮǐưǎ˝ njư˿ ɓ ǖNJ˰ ˰ ǢǨưƳǎǪǘǨǮljˢǘǏ˝ ưǨǘǡƶ˟ Ǫǡǘǖ˰
ǭǢǪˢ ư˰ljƳǞǨǖǫƱƶ˭ ǫǘƶnjǨƶǭƷư˭Ʒǧnj˸ǨǭǢǪˢ Ʊǖˢ ǫƱƶ˭ Ǯljˢ
ɎNJ˝ǞǥǗ˟ǨƶǪƹ˟ǎǪǘˠ˶ǥƶƱǥƶǥǨǖ˟Ǩnjˠ˲ǘ˝ưǠǨǢǨǗǫǛˢǞ ǫNJ˟ǪǘǨǘ́ˢǞ˟ǨưǨǘǢǨǗƱǨlj
ƷǨưǬǘƳƱǥƶƳǎ ɓ Ǣǎˠ˴ƶ Ƴ˶ǥưǨǘnj˸ǨǭǢˢǡ˝ƶƳǖǫƱ˭ƶǫǘƶƱˣ˴ǎ ǡǏǨǗǭƷƱˣ˴ǎ NjˢǨǪǘǨƷǧ
ǡƶ˟ Ǫǡǘǖ˰ ǡƱ˿ ǕǨǓƷ˰NJư˭Ƴ˶ǥǐǘǧưǨǟǞ˟ǨǢǨǗǫǛˢǞ ǫƱƶ˭ ǫǘƶǫǛˢǞư˝ǎǪNjǥǧɎ
ǫǓnjǗ˪Ǣƾ˰ƶǥ˝ǖǓǘƹˣ˲Ǟ˟Ǩ ǪǘǨƷǧǮǖ˟ƺ˺ǨǪNJ˰ǖƱ˟ǨǞnjˠ˲ǪǛǞǘˢǨǗǛƶǮǐǭǎǡ˝ƶƳǖǥ˲ư
Ǫƹ˟ǎ ǢǨưǘ́ˢǞ˟Ǩǡ˝ƶƳǖǪƳǘ˲Ǘljǘ˿ǎǫǘƶǪǓ˰ˠǖǪǐˮǎǡǥƶǪnj˟Ǩ NjˢǨǪǘǨǏǥưǭǢˢnj˿ưƳǎǘǧǞ˝ƶ
ƳǞǨǖǪƳǘ˲Ǘljnj˲ˠǪǓ˰ˠǖǖǨưƱˣ˴ǎNJǥǎǎ ˣ˲ ƱǥǭǢnjˢ ˿ưƳǎƷƶǥǗ˟ǨǪƳǘ˲Ǘlj nj˿ưƳǎư˭ƳƶƷǧǪƳǘ˲Ǘlj
ǖǨưƱˣ˴ǎ lj˝ƶǎˣ˝ǎǢǨưưǘǖǡ˿ƱǕǨǓƷ˰NJƷǧǎ˸ǨǪǡǎǥǥǧǮǘNJ˟Ǩƶ ɓ ǭǎǡ˝ƶƳǖ NJˢǥƶǪǐˮǎ
ưǨǘǎ˸ǨǪǡǎǥnj˲ˠǭǢˢƱˢǥǖ́ǛǓǘˢǥǖư˝ǏƳǞǨǖǢǞ˝ƶǪǡǖǥ Ǣǘ˶ǥǪǘǨNJˢǥƶƹˣ˲Ǟ˟ǨƳǎưǛ˟˿ǖǎ˲ˣ
NJˢǥƶƹǞ˟ Ǘư˝ǎljǫ́ ǛǪǐǎˮ ǓǪ˰ ǟǠ ǭǎƱǨ˟ ǞƷǧǪǎǎˢ ǗǨ˺ Nj˴ƶưǨǘljǫ́ Ǜư˝ǎ
njǨƶưǘǖǡ˿ƱǕǨǓƷ˰NJǮljˢnj˸ǨƶǨǎǡ˟ƶǪǡǘ˰ǖǡ˿ƱǕǨǓƷ˰NJǑ˟ǨǎưǨǘǡˠ˶ǥǡǨǘ
ǭǎƱǨ˟ ǞNJǨ˟ ƶ ɓ ǫǛǧnjǨ˸ ƶǨǎǘǞ˟ ǖưǏ˝ ǥƶƳư˪ ǘNJǨ˟ ƶ ɓ Ǫƹǎ˟ ǭǎǘǧǏǏƱǥƶǬǘƶǪǘǗ˲ ǎ ǭǎǘǧǏǏ
ƱǥƶǫǘƶƶǨǎ ǫǖǫˢ NJ˟ǭǎǘǧǏǏƱǥƶưǛǖ˟˿ Ǟ˰ƹǨƹǓ˲ ǫǛǧưǘǧnjǘǞƶNJ˟Ǩƶ ɓ ǬljǗǪǘǨǖǘ˲ ǧǏǏ
Ƴlj˝ ưǘǥƶǪǓˠǥ˶ ǐǥˤ ƶưǎ˝ ǐƾ˞ ǢǨǡƱ˿ ǕǨǓƷNJ˰ Ǫƹǎ˟ ƱǥǭǢǓˢ ǎˠ˲ ǥˢ ƶ ǥǡǖȣǮǐƹǞ˟ ǗNJǨǖƳ˝ljưǘǥƶ
Ƴǎnj˲ˠǖ˲ǫǎǞǬǎˢǖǞ˟ǨƷǧǪǡ˲ˠǗƶ Ǣǘ˶ǥǐǘǧƹǨƹǎnjˠ˝ǞǮǐǡǨǖǨǘNjǪƱˢǨǖǨƳ˝ljưǘǥƶǮljˢǞ˟Ǩ
NJ˝ǞǪǥƶǪǐˮǎǥǗ˟ǨƶǮǘǑ˟ǨǎǪǞ˭ǏǮƺNJ˪ǘǞǖnjˣ˝ƶǫǥǓǓǛ˰ǪƳƹˠ˝ǎNJ˟Ǩƶ ɓ nj˲ˠǪǑǗǫǓǘ˟ǥǥưǮǐ
Ǫǖˠǥ˶ Ǫư˰ljǐƾ˞ ǢǨư˭ƱǥǭǢǘˢ ́Ǯˢ ljˢǪǘǞ˭ ǫǛǧǖƹ˲ ǥ˟ ƶnjǨƶǪƱǨˢ Nj˴ƶưǨǘǘư˝ ǠǨǮljˢ
ǎǥưƷǨưǎ ˲ˣ ǥǍǏ˰ ljư˲ ǘǖǡƱ˿ ǕǨǓƷNJ˰ ưǛǨ˟ ǞǞǨ˟ ɎǪǘǨǗƶ˝ ǡǎǏ˝ ǡǎǎ˿ ǭǢǥˢ ƶƳư˪ ǘNJǨ˟ ƶ ɓ
ǡǘǨˢ ƶǓˣǎ˶ nj˲ˠǭǎưǨǘǘư˝ ǠǨǢǘǥ˶ ljǫ́ ǛƳǎǭǎǥƶƳ˪ưǘƱǥƶNJ˝ǞǪǥƶǪǏˣǥ˶ ƶNJˢǎ Ǫƹǎ˟ ǭǎǓˣǎ˶ njˠ˲ǪƱNJ
ǡ ǡ Ʒ ȣ Ǯ ljˢ ǖ˲ ư Ǩ ǘ ǐ ǘ ǧ Ǫ ǖ˰ ǎ Ǖ Ǩ Ǟ ǧ Ǣ ǖ lj Ǯ ǔ ǭ ǎ ư Ǩ ǘ nj˸ Ǩ ƶ Ǩ ǎ Ʊ ǥ ƶ Ǐ˿ Ƴ Ǜ Ǩ ư ǘ ǐ ǘ ǧ Ǫ ǖ˰ ǎ
ǕǨǞǧƺ˴ǖǪǟǘˢǨǭǎǏ˿ƳǛǨưǘǓǘˢǥǖnjˣ˝ƶƹ˟ǞǗǪǢǛ˶ǥǘ˝ưǠǨ ǥǗ˟ǨƶǭǎǪƱNJǡ˿ƱǕǨǓnjˠ˲ Ǵ
ư˭ǪǐˮǎNJ˝ǞǥǗ˟Ǩƶnj˲ˠlj˲ ǫǛǧǪǐˮǎǪƱNJǫǘưnjˠ˲nj˸ǨǪǘˠ˶ǥƶǎˣ˲ǥǗ˟ǨƶǪƱˢǖƱˢǎ ǘǞǖnjˣ˝ƶǬǘƶǓǗǨǏǨǛ
Ʒ˰NJǪǞƹǪǥƶư˭ǐǘǧǪǖǎ˰ Ǐ˿ƳǛǨưǘNJ˝ǞǪǥƶljˢǞǗ Ǫǐǎˮ NJˢǎɎ
njˣ˝ƶǎ˲ˣ ǭǎƹ˟ǞƶǪǘ˰ˠǖǫǘưƱǥƶưǨǘǘǧǏǨlj ǫǓnjǗ˪Ǣƾ˰ƶǥ˝ǖǓǘ Ǘǥǖǘ˝ǏǞ˟Ǩ
ǘǧǏǏưǨǘǘư˝ ǠǨǑǐˢ́ Ǟˡ ǗƷNJ˰ ǪǞƹưǘ˭ ǞǎǮǐǪǢǖǥ˶ ǎưǎ˝ ǪǓǘǨǧǪưlj˰ ưǨǘNJlj˰ Ǫƹˣǥ˶ ưǎ˝ ǖǨưǖǨǗ

72 mºG"ȷǭǵɑNJLJǎˢǜ˳Ʋlj˜ƮǙǣǑǥƬ˔ǑǦƬ˟ƱǜǣLjǣǓǃǜ˱ƬǩLJǒ

ƷǎǪǢǖ˶ǥǎư˝ǏǢǞǥljǫNJư NJˢǥƶǡ˟ƶƳǎǮƱˢƷǨưǬǘƶǓǗǨǏǨǛǭǎưǘ˿ƶǪnjǓɔ ǮǐǒǨưǮǞˢnj˲ˠ
ǬǘƶǓǗǨǏǨǛƷ˰NJǪǞƹǎƳǘǡǞǘǘƳ˪ ǬǘƶǓǗǨǏǨǛnjˠ˲ǎƳǘǐDŽǖǪƳǗǎǨ˺ nj˟ǞǖưNJ˭ ˢǥƶǡƶ˟ ƳǎǮƱˢ
Ǯǐǘư˝ ǠǨnjˠ˲ǡǘǧǫưǞˢ ǢǞǥljǎǨ˺ nj˟Ǟǖnj˲ˠǪNJ˭ǖǮǐljˢǞǗǬƳǞ˰ljưǗ˭ Ǩˢ ǗƳǎǮƱǥˢ ǥưǮǐ ǪǘǨnj˸ǨƶǨǎ
ǐǘǧǡǨǎư˝ǎ ǪǓˠǥ˶ ǘǧǞ˝ƶǮǖǭ˟ ǢǑˢ ǐˢ́ Ǟˡ ǗƱǥƶǪǘǨƱǨljǗǨ
ǭǎƱLjǧnjˠ˲NJˢǥƶǘ˝Ǐǘ˝ưǠǨƳǎǮƱˢǭǢǖ˟ Ǒˢ́njˠ˲ǖ˲ǕǨǞǧƺ˴ǖǪǟǘˢǨǢǘ˶ǥǕǨǞǧǪƳǘ˲Ǘlj
ưNJ˭ ˢǥƶǪƱǨˢ Nj˴ƶưǨǘǘư˝ ǠǨ ljˢǞǗưǨǘƱǗǨǗƹǥ˟ ƶnjǨƶǫǛǧǑǨ˟ ǎưǨǘǭǢƳˢ ˸Ǩǐǘư˴ ǠǨ ǎǥưƷǨư
Ʒǧǖ˲ Óįį ïûĺűûš DzǴdzǴ Ǘ˝ƶǖ˲ǫǥǓ DzǴdzǴ =p žE J ǪǓˠ˶ǥǓ́ljƳ˿Ǘư˝ǎ ǘǞǖnjˣ˝ƶǖ˲
ƹǥ˟ ƶnjǨƶNJ˟Ǩƶ ɓ ǖǨưǖǨǗƱˣǎ˴ ǫǛǧǪnj˟Ǩnjˠ˲ǪǘǨNJ˰ljNJǨǖ ư˭ƹǞ˟ ǗǪǢǛ˶ǥƳǎǮljˢǖǨưǖǨǗ

Ɏǭǎƹ˟ǞƶǬƳǞ˰ljư˭ǖ˲ǡǨǗǬnjǘnj˲ˠnj˿ưƱ˪ƷǨưǬƳǞ˰ljǪƱˢǨǖǨǪǗǥǧƱˣ˴ǎǥǗ˟Ǩƶƹ˝ljǪƷǎ
ƳǞǨǖnj˿ưƱ˪Ǯǖ˟ǮljˢǪǐˮǎNJ˝ǞǬǘƳǥǗ˟ǨƶǪlj˲ǗǞ Ǯǖ˟ǭƹ˟ǑǛưǘǧnjǏnjǨƶNJǘƶǥǗ˟ǨƶǪlj˲ǗǞ
ǫNJ˟Ǘ˝ƶǖ˲njǨƶǥˢǥǖljˢǞǗ Ǫƹ˟ǎ ǬƳǞ˰ljnj˸ǨǭǢˢNJưƶǨǎ NJưƶǨǎnj˸ǨǭǢˢnjǧǪǛǨǧư˝ǏƳǘǥǏƳǘ˝Ǟ
nj ǧ Ǫ Ǜ Ǩ ǧ ư˝ Ǐ Ƴ ǘ ǥ Ǐ Ƴ ǘ˝ Ǟ nj˸ Ǩ ǭ Ǣˢ nj ǧ Ǫ Ǜ Ǩ ǧ ư˝ Ǐ Ǫ Ǔˠ ˶ ǥ ǎ Ǐˢ Ǩ ǎ nj ǧ Ǫ Ǜ Ǩ ǧ ư˝ Ǐ Ǫ Ǔˠ ˶ ǥ ǎ Ǐˢ Ǩ ǎ
nj˸ǨǭǢǮˢ ǐư˰ǎǪǢǛˢǨ ư˰ǎǪǢǛˢǨǫǛˢǞư˭ǪǛǗǪư˰ljǮǥˢǎǮ˲ˠ ǥˢǎˠǎ˝ ǫǛˢǞư˭ǬnjǘȣǖǨɎ

mºG"ȷǭǵɑNJLJǎˢǜ˳Ʋlj˜ƮǙǣǑǥƬ˔ǑǦƬ˟ƱǜǣLjǣǓǃǜ˱ƬǩLJǒ 73

ǫǓnjǗǢ˪ ƾƶ˰ ǥǖ˝ ǓǘưǛǨ˟ ǞNjƶ˴ ǏnjǏǨnjƱǥƶƷNJ˰ ǫǓnjǗǭ˪ ǎǡNjǨǎưǨǘLjǬ˪ ƳǞlj˰ DzǺ
ǞǨ˟ ƶǨǎƱǥƶǪǘǨǪǘǖ˰ˠ NJǎˢ Ǔǘǥˢ ǖǪǓˠǥ˶ ǎ ǫNJƷ˟ ǏƹǨˢ ưǞǨ˟ Ƴǎǥˠǎ˶ NjǨˢ ǢǨưǡNjǨǎưǨǘLjǬ˪ ƳǞlj˰ DzǺ
ƷǏǛƶǭǎǞ˝ǎǎˣ˲ ǐ˞ƾǢǨǡ˿ƱǕǨǓƷ˰NJƷǧǛǨưǗǨǞǥǥưǮǐǪǐˮǎǢǛ˝ưǐ˳ ǫǛǧǐ˞ƾǢǨ
ưǨǘƵ˟ǨNJ˝ǞNJǨǗǢǛ˝ƶǞ˰ưǙNJƷǧǡ́ƶƱˣ˴ǎǢǛ˝ƶǞ˰ưǙNJƷǏǛƶǐǘǧǖǨLj Ƿ Ǫlj˶ǥǎ Ǯǖ˟ǭƹ˟Ǟ˟Ǩ
ǬƳǞ˰ljƷǏǫǛˢǞǪǘǨư˭ƷǏ ǫNJ˟ƶǨǎƱǥƶǪǘǨǗƶ˝ ǮǐNJ˟ǥ
ɎƶǨǎǡƱ˿ ǕǨǓƷ˰NJǪǐǎˮ ƶǨǎnjˠ˲ǥǗ́Ǫ˟ Ǐˣǥ˶ ƶǢǛƶ˝ ǪǘǨǮǖǭ˟ ƹǑ˟ ǎˢ́ Ǩ˸ nj˲ˠǪlj˰ǎǞˠ˰ƶǮǐưǥ˟ ǎǭƳǘ
ǫNJ˟Ǫǐǎˮ NJ˝ǞǑǛ˝ưǭǢǢˢ ǛǨǗ ɓ Ǫǘˠǥ˶ ƶǪlj˰ǎǮǐǮljˢǥǗǨ˟ ƶǖˠǎ˝ ƳƶɎ

ȭ ǔǨˤ njǧǛǨǗǬƷǘư˝ǏƳǞǨǖǖˠǎ˝ ƳƶnjǨƶǗǨ ȭ
ǡNjǨǎưǨǘLj˪ǘǧǏǨljǬƳǞ˰lj DzǺ nj˲ˠǑ˟ǨǎǖǨ nj˸ǨǭǢˢǡǖ˿ǎǮǓǘǮnjǗNj́ưǪǥ˟ǗNj˴ƶ
ǫǛǧNj́ưǎ˸ǨǖǨǞ˰Ʒ˝ǗǫǛǧǓ˝LJǎǨ ǪǓˠ˶ǥǪǡǘ˰ǖǡǘˢǨƶǐǘǧǡ˰njǍ˰ǕǨǓǭǎưǨǘǘ˝ưǠǨǑ́ˢǐˡǞǗ
ǬljǗǪƸǓǨǧǔǨˤ njǧǛǨǗǬƷǘ
njǞ˟ǨǪǡˢǎnjǨƶǭǎưǨǘǗǥǖǘ˝Ǐ ǫǖˢǫNJ˟Ǒˢ́nj˲ˠǥǗ́˟ǢǎˢǨƶǨǎǭǎưǨǘǘǧǏǨlj
ưǛ˝Ǐǖƶ˰ ˟ǨǗljǨǗǎư˝
ɎNjǨǖǡư˝ Ƴ˸ǨǮǢǖ ư˟ǥǎǡƶ˟ ǖǨǞ˟ǨǪƱǨƷǧǭƹưˢ ˝ǎǢǘǥ˶ ǪǐǛ˟ǨɎ
ɎƶǨǎǞ˰Ʒ˝Ǘƹlj˝ ǪƷǎǢǘǥ˶ Ǘƶ˝ njˠ˲ƷǧǪǥǨǖǨǭǢǭˢ ƹɎˢ
ɎǫǓnjǗǪ˪ ƱǨǮǖǮ˟ ljˢǡˠƶ˝ ƷǧǭƹǮˢ ljˢǥǗǨ˟ ƶǮǘɎ
ɔǛɔ
Ƴǥ˶ ǪǡǗ˲ ƶǡǧnjǥˢ ǎǢǛƶ˝ ƷǨưưǘǖưǨǘǫǓnjǗǫ˪ ǑǎǮnjǗǫǛǧưǨǘǫǓnjǗnj˪ ǨƶǪǛǥ˶ ư
ǮljˢƳ˰ưǥǥǔ ǡ˟ƶǖǥǏǡǖ˿ǎǮǓǘǔˤǨnjǧǛǨǗǬƷǘǮǐǗ˝ƶǡ˸Ǩǎ˝ưƶǨǎǡǨǍǨǘLjǡ˿ƱƷ˝ƶǢǞ˝lj
Ǫǖˠ˶ǥ dzdz ǪǖǠǨǗǎ dzǶǷǵ ǫNJ˟ưǛ˝ǏǮljˢǘ˝ǏưǨǘNJǥǏǘ˝ǏǪǐˮǎǥǗ˟Ǩƶlj˲ƷǨưưǘǖǘǨƹnj˝Ljdž˪
ưǘǧnjǘǞƶǗ˿NJ˰Ǎǘǘǖ ƺˠ˴ƶǬƳǞ˰lj DzǺ ư˸ǨǛ˝ƶǘǧǏǨljǢǎ˝ưNJǨǖǪǘ˶ǥǎƷ˸ǨNJ˟Ǩƶ ɓ ǬljǗǪǘˠ˰ǖNJˢǎ
ǫƷưƷ˟ǨǗnj˲ˠnj˝LjdžǡNjǨǎǢƾƶ˰ ưǛǨƶǫǛǧǪǘǥ˶ ǎƷ˸ǨǓǪ˰ ǟǠưǘ˿ƶǪnjǓɔ

74 mºG"ȷǭǵɑNJLJǎˢǜ˳Ʋlj˜ƮǙǣǑǥƬ˔ǑǦƬ˟ƱǜǣLjǣǓǃǜ˱ƬǩLJǒ

ǎǨǗǫǓnjǗǪ˪ ưǗ˲ ǘNJǕ˰ ǖ́ ˰ ǐǛlj˝ ưǘǧnjǘǞƶɔ Ǫǐlj˱ ǪǑǗNjƶ˴ ǡNjǨǎưǨǘLjư˪ ǨǘǘǧǏǨlj
ǭǎǪǘ˶ǥǎƷ˸ǨǞ˟Ǩ ǪǘǨnj˸ǨǏ˝ǏǪǏ˰Ǜǫǥǎlj˪ƺ˲ǛǭǎǪǘ˶ǥǎƷ˸ǨǮǖ˟Ǯljˢ ǥǨƷǪǐˮǎljˢǞǗǪǘˠ˶ǥƶƱǥƶ
ǎǬǗǏǨǗǓǪ˰ ǟǠ ǫNJǭ˟ ǎnjǡ˲ˠ lj˿ ǪǘǨưǘ˭ ư˝ ǠǨljǞˢ ǗǔǨˤ njǧǛǨǗǬƷǘ ưǘ˭ ́ǡˢ ư˴ ǞǨ˟ ǮljǑˢ Ǜlj ˲ ǬljǗǪƸǓǨǧ
NjˢǨư˰ǎNJˣ˝ƶǫNJ˟ƹǞ˟ ƶǫǘư ɓ
Ɏnj˸ǨǭǢˢǪǘǨǘ́ˢǞ˟ǨNjˢǨǘ˝ưǠǨNJˣ˝ƶǫNJ˟NJǥǎNJˢǎǮǖ˟Ǟ˟ǨǔˤǨnjǧǛǨǗǬƷǘ Ǣǘ˶ǥ
ǗǨǔǨǞ˰Ǔ˰ǘǨǪǞ˲Ǘǘ˪ ǖ˲ǑǛǡǕǨǓƳ˟ǥǎƱˢǨƶlj˲ nj˸ǨǭǢˢưǨǘǪǐˮǎǐǥljǥ˝ưǪǡǏǥǧǮǘNJ˟Ǩƶ ɓ
Ǜljǎǥˢ ǗǛƶɎ
ljˢǞǗƳLj˿ ǡǖǏNJ˝ ˰nj˲ˠǭƹǘˢ ư˝ ǠǨǮljˢlj˲ǭǎǑǐˢ́ Ǟˡ Ǘnj˲ˠǖǥ˲ ǨưǨǘǮǖǢ˟ ǎư˝ ǖǨư ƷǎǪưlj˰ Ǫǐǎˮ
ưǘǧǫǡƱˣ˴ǎǖǨ nj˸ǨǭǢˢǢǛǨǗǢǎ˟ǞǗƶǨǎnjˣ˝ƶǕǨƳǘ˝DŽǫǛǧǕǨƳǪǥưƹǎǑǛ˰NJ ǪǓˠ˶ǥǫƷưƷ˟ǨǗ
ǭǢưˢ ˝ǏǑǐ́ˢ Ǟˡ Ǘ
ǫǓnjǗ˪Ǣƾ˰ƶǥ˝ǖǓǘ ǪǏƾƷǓǛǓ˰nj˝ưǠ˪ ư˟ǥǎƷǧǖǨlj˸ǨǘƶNJ˸ǨǫǢǎ˟ƶǥǍ˰Ǐlj˲
ưǘǖǡ˿ƱǕǨǓƷ˰NJ ǪƳǗǪǐˮǎǥǍ˰Ǐlj˲ưǘǖưǨǘǫǓnjǗ˪ǫǑǎǮnjǗǫǛǧưǨǘǫǓnjǗ˪njǨƶǪǛ˶ǥư
ưǛ˟ǨǞǞ˟Ǩ ɎǮljˢǪƱˢǨǮǐǡǨǎNJ˟ǥƶǨǎnj˲ˠǥlj˲NJǥǍ˰Ǐlj˲ƳǎǪlj˰ǖnj˸ǨǮǞˢ ư˟ǥǎnjˠ˲nj˟ǨǎƷǧǪưǠ˲ǗLj
ǬljǗnjˣ˰ƶǬƷnjǗǞ˪ ˟ǨǔǨˤ njǧǛǨǗǬƷǘǥǨƷǘư˝ ǠǨǬƳǞ˰lj DzǺ ǮljˢɎ
Ɏǖ˲ưǨǘǪǥǨƶǨǎǞ˰Ʒ˝Ǘǡǖ˿ǎǮǓǘnjˣ˝ƶǢǛǨǗǖǨlj́ NJǥǎǎˣ˝ǎnj˟ǨǎǫǛǧƳLjǧư˭Ǯljˢ
Ƴǎˢ ƳǞǨˢ ưǎ˝ ǮǞǘˢ ǧljǏ˝ Ǣǎƶˠ˴ njƶ˰ˣ ǬƷnjưǗ˪ Ǩư ɓ ǮǞǞˢ Ǩ˟ ǔǨˤ njǧǛǨǗǬƷǘǥǨƷƷǧǘư˝ ǠǨǬƳǞlj˰ DzǺ Ǯljˢ
ƳǨ˸ ưǛǨ˟ Ǟǎǎˣ˲ Ǩ˟ ǡǎǭƷ ǖƱ˲ ǥˢ ǖǛ́ njǨƶǞnj˰ ǗǨǟǨǡNJǘǘ˪ ǥƶǘǏ˝ ǫNJǪ˟ ǐǎˮ Ʊǥˢ ǖǛ́ njǨƶǞnj˰ ǗǨǟǨǡNJǘ˪
ǭǎǫǏǏǕǨǠǨƱǥƶǪǘǨ ǖ˝ǎǪǐˮǎǭǎǢǛǥljnjljǛǥƶ ǖ˝ǎǪǐˮǎǬƳǘƶǡǘˢǨƶnjǨƶǪƳǖ˲
ǫNJ˟ǬƳǘƶǡǘˢǨƶnjǨƶǪƳǖ˲ǎˣ˝ǎ Ǘ˝ƶǮǖ˟ǮljˢNj́ưǓ˰ǡ́Ʒǎ˪Ǫǖˠ˶ǥǥǗ́˟ǭǎǘ˟ǨƶưǨǗǖǎ˿ǠǗ˪ Ƴ˶ǥǗǨǎˣ˲
ǖ˝ǎǮǖ˟ǮljˢǫNJǧǘ˟ǨƶưǨǗ ǫǏǏnjˠ˲ǖ˝ǎǫNJǧǥǗ́˟ǭǎǢˢǥƶǫǛ˭Ǐ ưǞ˟ǨƷǧǮǐNj˴ƶǪƺǛǛ˪ƱǥƶǪǘǨ
Nj˴ƶǪƺǛǛ˪ƱǥƶǪƹˣǥ˶ ǬǘƳ ǖǎ˝ ǑǨ˟ ǎǡǨǘǓlj˝ Ǫǘˠǥ˶ ƶɎ
ǫǓnjǗ˪Ǣƾ˰ƶǥ˝ǖǓǘǗǥǖǘ˝ǏǞ˟Ǩ ǢǛ˝ƶǪƱˢǨǖǨǘ˝ǏƶǨǎǮljˢǮǖ˟ư˲ˠǡ˝ǐljǨǢ˪ ư˭Ǘ˝ƶ
ǪƳǞˢƶƳǞˢǨƶǥǗ́˟ǭǎǥǨưǨǟ Ƴ˰ljǮǖ˟ǥǥưǞ˟ǨƷǧnj˸ǨǥǗ˟ǨƶǮǘlj˲ ǫNJ˟ǡ˰ˠƶnj˲ˠưǘǧNJˢ˿ǎǭǢˢNJˢǥƶǘ˲Ǐ
lj˸ǨǪǎǎ˰ ưǨǘ ǪǓǘǨǧǮljˢǔƶ˞ Ǫƶ˰ǎƶǏǐǘǧǖǨLjnj˲ˠưˢǖ́ ǨǪǓˠǥ˶ ƺˣǥ˶ ǗǨǔǨǞ˰Ǔǘ˰ ǨǪǞ˲Ǘǘ˪
ɎǪƶ˰ǎǖ˝ǎNJˣ˝ƶƱǎǨljǎˣ˲ Ǫǡ˲ǗljǨǗǪƶ˰ǎ ư˭ǪǛǗưǛ˝ǏǖǨǫǛˢǞư˭ǖǨǎˠ˝ƶǪǘ˲Ǘưnj˲ǖ
ǖǨƹ˟ǞǗư˝ǎlj́ ǪǐˮǎǥǗ˟ǨƶǮǘ ǫǛˢǞư˭ǖǨǛ˿Ǘư˝ǎnj˸ǨǞ˰Ʒ˝Ǘ ǪǐˮǎưǨǘǞ˰Ʒ˝Ǘnjˠ˲ǗǨưǛ˸ǨǏǨưnjˠ˲ǡ˿lj
ǭǎƹ˲Ǟ˰NJ ǪǓǘǨǧǞ˟Ǩǖ˝ǎǗǨưǮǐǢǖljǪǛǗƳ˟ǧ Ƴ˶ǥưǨǘnj˸ǨǞ˰Ʒ˝Ǘǎ˲ˣNjˢǨƷǧǭǢˢǡǖǏ́ǘLj˪ǖ˝ǎư˭Ƴƶ
ǪǢǖǥ˶ ǎnj˸ǨǞ˝Ƴƺǎ˲ ǖǎ˝ NJˢǥƶǖǪ˲ njƳǎƳ˰ ˝ǛǪnjǥǖɎ
ƳǞǨǖǗǨưǛ˸ǨǏǨưlj˝ƶưǛ˟ǨǞǎˣ˝ǎ ǫǓnjǗ˪Ǣƾ˰ƶǥ˝ǖǓǘǪǑǗǞ˟Ǩ ƷǧǭǢˢƳǎǮƱˢ
ư˰ǎǗǨǥǗ˟ǨƶǮǘ ƷǧǪư˭ǏƱˢǥǖ́ǛǥǗ˟ǨƶǮǘ Ƴǘˣ˝ǎǪǘǨƷǧǭǡ˟Ǔ˲Ǔ˲ǥ˲ǪƱˢǨǮǐǛ˿ǗǪư˭ǏƱˢǥǖ́ǛǪǥƶ
ǏǨƶnj˲ˠư˭Ǘǥǖ ǏǨƶnjˠ˲ư˭Ǯǖ˟Ǘǥǖ ǫǛˢǞǪǓ˲ǗƶưǨǘǪư˭ǏƱˢǥǖ́ǛǬljǗnjˠ˲Ǯǖ˟ǮljˢNJǘǞƷǪǛ˶ǥlj
ǮǖǮ˟ ljNJˢ ǘǞƷǬǎǎ˟ ǎǎˠ˝ ǎ ˲ˠ ưǮ˭ ǖǡ˟ ǖǏǘ́ Lj ˪ ǪǘǨưnj˭ Ǩ˸ ǪnjǨ˟ njƷ˲ˠ ǧǓǗǨǗǨǖnjǨ˸ ǭǢǮˢ lj ˢ ƶǨǎǞƷ˰ Ǘ˝ ǢǛǨǗƹǎˣ˰
njǥ˲ˠ ǥưǫǏǏǮǞ ˢ ưǗ˭ ƶ˝ NJǥˢ ƶǐǘǏ˝ ǪǓǖ˰ˠ ǪNJǖ˰ ǥư˲ ưǘǧǏǞǎưǨǘǐǘǏ˝ ưǪ˭ ǐǎˮ ǮǐǗǨưǪǗǎ˭ ǫǡǎǪƱƾ˭
ljˢǞǗưǘǥǏ ljˢǞǗǘǧǪǏǗ˲ Ǐ ljˢǞǗǡǨǘǓlj˝ ǪǢNJǑ˿ ǛǫǛǧǥ˿ǐǡǘǘƳ

mºG"ȷǭǵɑNJLJǎˢǜ˳Ʋlj˜ƮǙǣǑǥƬ˔ǑǦƬ˟ƱǜǣLjǣǓǃǜ˱ƬǩLJǒ 75

ǥǍǏ˰ ljư˲ ǘǖǡƱ˿ ǕǨǓƷNJ˰ Ǫǐlj˱ ǪǑǗǞǨ˟ ƷǨưưǨǘǡǏ˶ Ƴǎˢ Ʊǥˢ ǖǛ́ ǪǏˣǥ˶ ƶNJǎˢ ǬljǗNJlj˰ NJǨǖ
ƷǨưǑǐˢ́ Ǟˡ Ǘnjˠ˲ǭƹǗˢ Ǩ ǓǏǞ˟Ǩǘư˝ ǠǨǮljˢƷǘƶ˰
ɎǪǘǨǓǏǞ˟ǨƳǎǞƶǭǎǡ˿ljnjˠ˲ǛƶǖǨƷ˝ǏǪǘˠ˶ǥƶǎ˲ˣ ǫǛˢǞư˭lj́ǫǛƳǎǮƱˢljˢǞǗNJ˝ǞǪǥƶ
ưƷ˭ ǧǪƹˠǥ˶ ǖǎˠ˝ ǫNJǞ˟ Ǩ˟ ljǞˢ ǗƳǞǨǖƷǨ˸ ưlj˝ ƱǥƶǡNjǨǎưǨǘLjǫ˪ ǞljǛǥˢ ǖnjƶˣ˝ ǢǛǨǗ ǪǘǨǮǖǡ˟ ǨǖǨǘNj
njǨ˸ ǥǥưǖǨǪǐǎˮ Ʊǥˢ ǖǛ́ ǞƷ˰ Ǘ˝ Ǯljnjˢ ǎ˝ njǞ˟ ƶnj ˲ Ʊǥˢ ǖǛ́ ǞƷ˰ Ǘ˝ njNjˠ˲ ứ NJǥˢ ƶǪǐǧ˧ NJǨǖǡNjNJ˰ Nj˰ ứ NJǥˢ ƶǪǐǧ˧
NJǨǖǢǛư˝ Ǟ˰njǗǨǟǨǡNJǘư˪ ǨǘǫǓnjǗ ˪ ǕǨǗǭǎƹǞ˟ ƶǪǞǛǨ Ƿȼǹ Ǫljǥ˶ ǎ ǖǎ˝ njǨ˸ ǮǖǮ˟ lj ˢ nj˸ǨǮǖnj˟ ǎ˝
Ǯǖ˟nj˝ǎǪlj˭ljƱǨlj Ǯǖ˟ǖ˲njǨƶǪǐˮǎǮǐǮljˢ ǫNJ˟Ǟ˟ǨƷǧǘǥǭǢˢǪǡǘ˭Ʒư˭ƳƶƷǧǖ˲ưǨǘǡ́ƾǪǡ˲Ǘ
njˣ˝ƶƶǏǐǘǧǖǨLjǫǛǧƹǞ˲ ˰NJǮǐǪǗǥǧ ǪǘǨưǘ˭ ́Ǟˢ ˟Ǩǖǎ˝ ǐǛǥljǕ˝ǗǪǘǨưǛ˭ Ǘ˿ ǫǛǞˢ ƺˠƶ˴ ǪǘǨǖǎˠ˝ ǭƷǞ˟Ǩ
ǖ˝ǎǪǐˮǎǑǛǛ˝ǓǍ˪njˠ˲ƹ˟ǞǗǪǢǛ˶ǥƳǎǮljˢƷǘ˰ƶ ɓ ǫǛǧǪǞǛǨnjˠ˲ǥǗ́˟ǭǎưǘǖǎˣ˝ǎ ư˭ǖ˲Ʒ˸Ǩư˝lj
ǡ˸ǨǢǘ˝Ǐlj˝ǎƶǨǎǞ˰Ʒ˝Ǘǥˠ˶ǎ ɓ nj˲ˠƷǧǪǢǛ˶ǥ ư˭ǮljˢǫNJ˟nj˰ˣƶǪǐˮǎǖǘljưǭǢˢnj˟ǨǎǥǍ˰Ǐlj˲ ǫǛǧ
nj˲ǖƶǨǎǞ˟Ǩư˝ǎNJ˟ǥɎ
ǫǓnjǗ˪Ǣƾ˰ƶǥ˝ǖǓǘưǛ˟ǨǞNj˴ƶ ưǘǧǫǡưǨǘǮǖ˟Ǘǥǖǘ˝ǏƱǥƶƳǎǭǎƹ˟ǞƶǫǘưǞ˟Ǩ
Ǐ˿ƳǛǨưǘƷ˸ǨǎǞǎǖǨưƳ˰ljǮǐǞ˟ǨƷǧǪǐǎˮ ǥ˝ǎNJǘǨǗNJ˟ǥNJ˝ǏǫǛǧǮNJ ǬljǗǗ˝ƶǮǖǮ˟ ljˢǘ˝ǏƱˢǥǖǛ́
Ǫǘˠ˶ǥƶƳǞǨǖǐǛǥljǕ˝Ǘǡ˟Ǟǎǎ˲ˣ ƺˠ˴ƶǪǘǨǮljˢǞ˰ǪƳǘǨǧǢ˪ǪƷǨǧǪǛ˶ǥljǫǛǧNJǘǞƷǪƹ˭ƳǫǛˢǞ
ǪƱǨǪǓ˲ǗƶǫƳ˟ǮǐǪƷǥƳǎǮƱˢnj˲ˠNj́ưǢǨǖǡ˟ƶǬǘƶǓǗǨǏǨǛljˢǞǗǕǨǞǧNJ˝ǏǞǨǗ ǫǛˢǞǪƷǥ
ǔǨˤ njǧǛǨǗǬƷǘǭǎưǘǧǪǐǨ̃ ǗǨ ưǬ˭ njǠǔǨˤ njǧǛǨǗǬƷǘǞ˟Ǩưǎ˰ ǫǛǞˢ NJ˝ǏǞǨǗ ǏǨƶƳǎNJ˝ǏǞǨǗ
Ǫ Ǔ ǘ Ǩ ǧ Ǫ ǐˮ ǎ Ǭ ǘ Ƴ NJ˝ Ǐ ǥ˝ ư Ǫ ǡ Ǐ Ǯ Ǟ ǘ˝ ǡ Ǐ˲ ǖ Ǩ ư˟ ǥ ǎ ǫ NJ˟ ư˰ ǎ ǔˤ Ǩ nj ǧ Ǜ Ǩ Ǘ Ǭ Ʒ ǘ Ǯ ǐ ǎ˰ lj Ǫ lj˲ Ǘ Ǟ
ǫNJ˟ljˢǞǗƳǞǨǖǪǐˮǎǢ˟ǞƶƳǎǮƱˢ NjˢǨǪǢ˭ǎǔˤǨnjǧǛǨǗǬƷǘư˭NJˢǥƶǘǧǞ˝ƶǪǥǨǮǞˢư˟ǥǎ Ǣǘ˶ǥǮǖ˟
ư˭ǏǥưNJ˟ǥ ɓ ư˝ǎ
ǫǖˢǐ˞ƷƷ˿Ǐ˝ǎǡǖ˿ǎǮǓǘǔˤǨnjǧǛǨǗǬƷǘǗ˝ƶǮǖ˟Ǫǐˮǎnjˠ˲Ǘǥǖǘ˝ǏǘˢǥǗǪǐǥǘ˪Ǫƺ˭ǎNJ˪
ǫNJǫ˟ ǓnjǗǢ˪ ƾƶ˰ ǥǖ˝ ǓǘǖǥƶǞǨ˟ ǡNjǨǎưǨǘLjlj˪ Ʊ˲ ǎˣ˴ Ǫǘˠǥ˶ Ǘ ɓ ǫǛǧǓǡ˰ Ʒ́ ǎNJ˪ Ǟ˝ ǪǥƶƱǎˣ˴ Ǫǘˠǥ˶ Ǘ ɓ
ljˢǞǗǓˣ˶ǎDŽǨǎǞ˟ǨǪǐˮǎǗǨǛljǮƱˢǮljˢ ƺˠ˴ƶǖ˲ǙnjǍǛ˫˰ ljǮƱˢ ǖ˲ǙnjǍNJ˫˰ ˢǨǎǮǞǘ˝ǡ ǪǐˮǎǗǨǘ˝ưǠǨǢǞ˝lj
ǥ Ǘ́˟ ǭ ǎ Ǘ Ǩ ǫ Ǒ ǎ Ǯ nj Ǘ njˠ˲ Ǫ ǐˮ ǎ Ǘ Ǩ ǡ Ǩ ǖ˝ ƾ ǐ ǘ ǧ Ʒ˸ Ǩ Ǐˢ Ǩ ǎ ǥ Ǘ́˟ ǫ Ǜˢ Ǟ Ǫ Ǔ ǘ Ǩ ǧ Ƹ ǧ ǎˣ˝ ǎ Ʒ˴ ƶ ǖ˲
ƳǞǨǖǐǛǥljǕ˝Ǘǡƶ́
ɎƷǧǞǨ˟ ǮǐǫǛǞˢ ǘǨƳǨǡƶ́ ưǞǨ˟ ǓǨǘǨǪƺNJǨǖǥǛ NjǨˢ ǪǘǨǘǏ˝ ǐǘǧnjǨǎǓǨǘǨǪƺNJǨǖǥǛ
DzǴ Ǫǖ˭ljnj˲Ǫlj˲ǗǞǎ˲ˠ NJ˝ǏǞǨǗǮljˢ ǫNJ˟ǡ˸ǨǢǘ˝ǏǔˤǨnjǧǛǨǗǬƷǘǎˣ˝ǎ Ǯǖ˟ǪǐˮǎǥǗ˟Ǩƶǎˣ˝ǎ Ƹǧǎˣ˝ǎ
NjˢǨǪǘǨƷǧư˰ǎǗǨǫưˢǮƱˢ ǭƹˢǔˤǨnjǧǛǨǗǬƷǘǮljˢǮǖ˟Ǯljˢǖ˲ǐ˞ƾǢǨ ǫNJ˟ǫǎ˟ǎǥǎNjˢǨǪƱǨǖ˲
ǬǘƳǐǘǧƷ˸ǨNJ˝ǞǥǗ́˟Ǫlj˰ǖ ǪǐˮǎǬǘƳǮNJ ǪǐˮǎǬǘƳǎˠ˝ǎǎ˲ˠ ư˰ǎǓǨǘǨǪƺNJǨǖǥǛ Ǣǘ˶ǥư˰ǎǥǧǮǘ
ư˭ǖǐ˲ ƾ˞ ǢǨǪǢǖǥ˶ ǎư˝ǎǢǖljɎ
ǥǍ˰Ǐlj˲ưǘǖǡ˿ƱǕǨǓƷ˰NJưǛ˟ǨǞNj˴ƶǪǐˤǨǢǖǨǗǞ˟Ǩ ɎǪǘǨnj˸ǨǭǢˢǔˤǨnjǧǛǨǗǬƷǘ
ǪƱˢǨǡ˟́Ǐ˝ƾƹ˲ǗǨǢǛ˝ưǫǢ˟ƶƹǨNJ˰ nj˲ˠǡǨǖǨǘNjǭƹˢǘ˝ưǠǨǬƳǞ˰lj DzǺ ǪǓˠ˶ǥǭǢˢǐǘǧƹǨƹǎ
ǡǨǖǨǘNjǮljˢǘǏ˝ ǗǨǎǔ˲ˣ ǘ ˲ ǪǓǘǨǧǗǨǭǎǏƾ˝ ƹǗ˲ ǨǢǛ˝ưɔ ǪǘǨǡˠƶ˝ Ʒ˟ǨǗǭǢƳˢ ǎǮƱǔˢ ǘ ˲ ɓ ǮljˢǪǛǗ
lj˝ƶǎˣ˝ǎǖ˝ǎƷ˴ƶƹ˟ǞǗǛljǖ˰NJ˰ưǨǘNJǛǨljǛƶǮljˢ ǛǥƶǗˢǥǎǎ˴ưǕǨǓư˟ǥǎǢǎˢǨnjˠ˲ǖ˲ưǨǘư˝ưNJ˿ǎ
ǫǛˢǞư˭ƱǨǗǫǓƶ ɓ ƱǨǗǪǞ˟ǥǘ ˪ ɓɎ

76 mºG"ȷǭǵɑNJLJǎˢǜ˳Ʋlj˜ƮǙǣǑǥƬ˔ǑǦƬ˟ƱǜǣLjǣǓǃǜ˱ƬǩLJǒ

ɎNjˢǨǪǘǨnj˸ǨǭǢˢǖ˝ǎǥǗ́˟ǭǎưǘǧǫǡǎˣ˲ǮljˢƳ˶ǥǮljˢǔǘ˲ ǓǞưư˝ưNJ˿ǎǮǞˢư˭ǮljˢǐǘǧǬǗƹǎ˪
ǎˢǥǗǛƶ ǪǘǨǓǗǨǗǨǖǏǨǛǨǎƺ˪NJǘƶǎˣ˲ǥǗ˟ǨƶǖǨư Ǯǖ˟ǭǢˢǪư˰ljưǛǮưưǨǘư˝ưNJ˿ǎǡ˰ǎƳˢǨ
ǪǘǨư˭nj˸ǨǡǨ˸ ǪǘƷ˭ ǎǧɎ
ǫǓnjǗǢ˪ ƾƶ˰ ǥǖ˝ ǓǘǪǡǘǖ˰ ǞǨ˟ ǭǎƹǞ˟ ƶnjǨ˸ ǞƷ˰ Ǘ˝ ǭǎǫǏǏǞnj˰ ǗǨǟǨǡNJǘǪ˪ Ǔˠǥ˶ Ǘǎ˶ Ǘǎ˝ ǑǛ
ǏǨƶƳǘƶˣ˝ ǪǘǨưNj˭ ǥljǭƷ ƷǧǢǗlj˿ ljǮ˲ Ǣǖ ǪǓǘǨǧǫǖǫˢ NJǒ˟ ˠ ƶ˞ ưǘǖǫǓnjǗǫ˪ ǑǎǮnjǗɔ ưǮ˭ ǖǪ˟ ƹˠǥ˶ ǞǨ˟
Ǫǐǎˮ ǞǍ˰ ư˲ ǨǘnjNJˠ˲ ǥǏǬƷnjǗ ˪ ǓǞưǪƱǨǪƹˠǥ˶ ǭǎǫǏǏNJǨ˸ ǘǏ˝ ǗǨ ǮǖǪ˟ Ǣǎ˭ ljǞˢ ǗưǏ˝ ưǨǘǓǡ˰ Ʒ́ ǎǗ˪ ǎ˶ Ǘǎ˝
ljˢǞǗǖ˰NJ˰ǎˣ˲ ƳǞǨǖǪǢ˭ǎƹ˟Ǟƶǎˣ˝ǎǢǛǨưǢǛǨǗǖǨư ǫNJ˟ư˭ǖ˲ǥǨƷǨǘǗ˪Ǒ́ˢǭǢƾ˟ǢǛǨǗnj˟Ǩǎ
ǖǨƹ˟ǞǗƹ˲ˣǫǎǧ njˣ˝ƶƹ˟ǞǗǭǢˢư˸ǨǛ˝ƶǭƷ ǫǖˢǫNJ˟ǥǍ˰Ǐlj˲ưǘǖƳǞǏƳ˿ǖǬǘƳƺˠ˴ƶǥǗ́˟ư˝ǏǪƹˣ˶ǥǬǘƳ
ǫǏǏǪǐǎˮ Ǟnj˰ ǗǨǟǨǡNJǘǪ˪ ǛǗ ưǗ˭ ƶ˝ ǖǨǡǘǨˢ ƶƳǞǨǖǖǎˠ˝ ǭƷǭǢưˢ Ǩ˸ Ǜƶ˝ ǭƷưǏ˝ ƹǨǞǫǓnjǗǫ˪ ǑǎǮnjǗ
ǭǢƹˢ Ǟ˟ Ǘ ɓ ư˝ǎǢǗǏ˰ ǮǐǫƷưNJǥǎǛƶǓˣǎ˶ njˠ˲
ɎǮljˢƳ˿Ǘư˝ǏǪǕǡ˝ƹưǘnj˟ǨǎǢǎˠ˴ƶNJǥǎư˸ǨǛ˝ƶǞ˰Ʒ˝Ǘ nj˟ǨǎǏǥưǞ˟Ǩǡǖ˿ǎǮǓǘ
ǖƳ˲ ǞǨǖǢǖǨǗǥǗǨ˟ ƶǖǨưNJǥ˟ ƳǞǨǖǖǎˠ˝ ƳƶnjǨƶǗǨƱǥƶǐǘǧǪnjǟ ǪǘǨǮǖǘ˟ Ǣ́ˢ ǘǥư ǞǨ˟ ǡư˝ Ǟǎ˝ Ǣǎƶˠ˴
ƷǧǪư˰ljǡƶƳǘǨǖ ƷǧǪư˰ljǞ˰ưǙNJǥǧǮǘƱˣ˴ǎ nj˲ˠǫǖˢǫNJ˟ǓǨǘǨǪƺNJǨǖǥǛư˭ǥǨƷǢǨǮǖ˟Ǯljˢ
NJǨǖnjˢǥƶNJǛǨlj NjˢǨǪǘǨǖ˲ǡˠ˰ƶǎˣ˲ǫNJ˟Ǯǖ˟Ǔ˝LJǎǨ ǪǘǨǥǨƷư˸ǨǛ˝ƶǪǡ˲ǗǬǥưǨǡǢǛǨǗ ɓ ǥǗ˟Ǩƶ
ƱǥƶǐǘǧǪnjǟɎ
ƳǞǨǖǖǎˠ˝ ƳƶnjǨƶǗǨưǪ˭ Ǣǖǥ˶ ǎǪƹǎ˟ ǞƳ˝ ƺǎ˲ njǪˠ˲ ǘǨưǨ˸ Ǜƶ˝ Ǫǘƶ˟ njǨ˸ ǪǓˠǥ˶ ǭǢǪˢ ǘǨǗǎ˶ ǥǗǮ́˟ ljˢ
ljˢǞǗNJ˝ǞǪǥƶ ǡǖǎ˿ ǮǓǘƷ˴ƶǪǐǎˮ njǨƶǪǛǥ˶ ưǢǎˠƶ˴ nj˲ˠǡǨ˸ Ƴ˝ƾǖǨư Ʒ˴ƶǖƶ˲ Ǩǎnj˲ˠǪǘǨNJˢǥƶnj˸ǨNJ˟ǥǮǐ
ǬljǗǪƸǓǨǧưǨǘǟ˴ưǠǨnj˸ǨƳǞǨǖǪƱˢǨǭƷǐǘǧǡ˰njǍ˰ǕǨǓǐǘǧǡ˰njǍ˰ǑǛƱǥƶǡǖ˿ǎǮǓǘ
ǫ NJ˟ Ǜ ǧ ƹ ǎ˰ lj ǥ Ǘ˟ Ǩ ƶ Ǫ ǐˮ ǎ ǘ ǧ Ǐ Ǐ ǫ Ǜ ǧ Ǫ ǐˮ ǎ Ǟ˰ nj Ǘ Ǩ ǟ Ǩ ǡ NJ ǘ˪ Ǫ Ǔˠ ˶ ǥ ǡ ǘˢ Ǩ ƶ Ƴ Ǟ Ǩ ǖ ǖˠ˝ ǎ Ƴ ƶ
njǨƶǗǨǘư˝ ǠǨǬǘƳǭǢưˢ ˝ǏǐǘǧǪnjǟ ǢǛ˝ƶǑǨ˟ ǎǡNjǨǎưǨǘLjǬ˪ ƳǞ˰lj DzǺ

ȭ ĺńĺȼ ńƑěõȥ ǪǘǨNJˢǥƶljǫ́ Ǜ ȭ
ǐ˞ƾǢǨǪƷ˭ǏǐˡǞǗnj˲ˠǮǖ˟ǮljˢƷǨưǬƳǞ˰lj DzǺ ư˭Ǫǐˮǎǡ˟Ǟǎǡ˸ǨƳ˝ƾnj˲ˠNJˢǥƶlj́ǫǛǘ˝ưǠǨ
ǎǨǗǫǓnjǗ˪Ǫư˲ǗǘNJ˰Ǖ́ǖ˰ ǐǛ˝ljưǘǧnjǘǞƶǡǨǍǨǘLjǡ˿Ʊ ƺˠ˴ƶǭǎƹ˟ǞƶǫǘưƱǥƶưǨǘǘǧǏǨlj
NJǎˢ ǐ ˳ dzǶǷǴ Ǘƶ˝ Ǫǐǎˮ ǥǍǏ˰ ljư˲ ǘǖǡƱ˿ ǕǨǓƷNJ˰ ǖǥƶǞǨ˟ ǐƾ˞ ǢǨƱǥƶǬƳǞlj˰ DzǺ Ǘǥ˟ ǖǪưǗ˲ˠ ǞƱǥˢ ƶ
ư˝ǏǪǘˠ˶ǥƶǡ˿ƱǕǨǓƷ˰NJljˢǞǗ ưǨǘǪư˰ljǞ˰ưǙNJnjǨƶljˢǨǎǡ˿ƱǕǨǓưǨǗƳǘˣ˝ƶǭǢƾ˟ ǬljǗǪƸǓǨǧ
ǬǘƳNJ˰ljǪƹˣ˶ǥnjˠ˲ǖ˲ưǨǘǘǧǏǨljǘ˿ǎǫǘƶ Ʒ˸ǨǪǐˮǎNJˢǥƶƳ˰ljNj˴ƶǪǘˠ˶ǥƶǎ˲ˣǪǡǖǥ NJǥǎǎˣ˝ǎư˭Ǫǘˠ˰ǖ
ǖ˲ƳǎǪǡǎǥǭǎǪǘˠ˶ǥƶ EûÓįűĖ =ńńűŞšěĺű ƱǥƶưǨǘǘǧǏǨljư˝ǎǫǛˢǞ ǫǛǧǎǥưƷǨưǎˣ˲
ưǨǘnjǪ˲ˠ ǘǨǏǥưǞǨ˟ Ʒǧnjǖ˟˿ ǪnjnjǘǓ˝ ǗǨưǘǪǓˠǥ˶ ǘư˝ ǠǨǬƳǞlj˰ DzǺ ƷǎǏƳ˿ ǛǨưǘǢǖljǪǘǗˠ˲ ǞǢǖljǫǘƶ
ǥǨƷnj˸ǨǭǢƱˢ ǨljnjǘǓ˝ ǗǨưǘǪǓˠǥ˶ ljǫ́ ǛǓǞư ĺńĺȼ p½J% ljˢǞǗ
ɎǓǞư ĺńĺȼ p½J% njǪˠ˲ ǐǎˮ Źšďûĺű njƶˣ˝ ǢǛǨǗ ǖǎ˝ ưǖ˭ Ǜ˲ ư˝ ǠLjǧnjNj˲ˠ ứ ljǪ˲ ǛǗǥ˪ ǥưǮǐ
ưnj˭ Ǩ˸ ǭǢǪˢ ǔǡnjǡ˲ˠ ǨǖƷǧǖǓ˲ Ǟư ĺńĺȼ p½J% ǥǧǮǘNJǨ˟ ƶ ɓ Ǫƹǎ˟ ǓǞưǬǘƳ ïĖšńĺěï ïńĺõěűěńĺŨ
ǥǗ˟ǨƶǖǧǪǘ˭ƶǪƱˢǨǖǨ ǫǛǧǭǎǘǧǛǥưnjˠ˲ ǵ ǖǎ˝ ƷǧǪư˰ljǐǘǧǪlj˭ǎǐƾ˞ ǢǨnjǨƶljˢǨǎƷ˰NJǭƷƱˣǎ˴
ǮǖǞ˟ Ǩ˟ eÓďěï žšÓŹĸÓȤ ĸûĺűÓį ĖûÓįűĖȤ ûïńĺńĸěï ěĺĩŹšƘ űŹšĺńŹű ưǏ˝ Ǔǎư˝ ƶǨǎǪǘǨɎ

mºG"ȷǭǵɑNJLJǎˢǜ˳Ʋlj˜ƮǙǣǑǥƬ˔ǑǦƬ˟ƱǜǣLjǣǓǃǜ˱ƬǩLJǒ 77

ǫǓnjǗ˪Ǣƾ˰ƶǥ˝ǖǓǘ ưǛ˟ǨǞǪǓ˰ˠǖǪNJ˰ǖǞ˟Ǩ ɎǑǛǡ˶ǏǪǎˠ˶ǥƶƷǨưǬƳǞ˰lj DzǺ
ƷǎǪư˰ljǪǐˮǎǐ˞ƾǢǨnjǨƶǡ˝ƶƳǖnjǨƶƷ˰NJǭƷ ǥǨƷƷǧǛǨưǗǨǞǥǥưǮǐǪǐˮǎǐ˳ Nj˴ƶNJǥǎǎˣ˝ǎ
ǪǘǨƷǧǪNJǘ˲Ǘǖǘ˝Ǐǖ˶ǥư˝ǎǥǗ˟ǨƶǗǨưǛ˸ǨǏǨưƱˣ˴ǎ ǪǓǘǨǧnjǘ˝ǓǗǨưǘǪǘǨǭưǛˢǢǖljǫǛˢǞ
ǬljǗǭǎǪǞǛǨǎˣ˲ ǪǘǨǮljˢǪǘˠ˰ǖǘ˝Ǐǖ˶ǥư˝Ǐǐ˞ƾǢǨǫǛˢǞ ljˢǞǗƳǞǨǖǓǗǨǗǨǖǛljƳ˟ǨǭƹˢƷ˟ǨǗ
Ǒ˟ǨǎưǨǘưǨǘǭƹˢǘǧǏǏǥǥǎǮǛǎ˪ǭǢˢǖǨưƱˣ˴ǎ ǪǓˠ˶ǥǪǓˠ˰ǖǐǘǧǡ˰njǍ˰ǕǨǓ ǭǢˢǐǘǧƹǨƹǎ
nj˿ưƳǎƹ˟ǞǗǪǢǛ˶ǥư˝ǎǪǥƶǮljˢ Ǫƹ˟ǎǡǘˢǨƶǘǧǏǏǪǥǮǥǪƱˢǨǮǐNJǘǞƷƷ˝ǏǭǎǬƺǪƹ˲ǗǛǖ˲Ǫlj˲Ǘ
ƳǎǓ́ljǫǏǏǎ˲ˣ Ǔ́ljǐǘǧǬǗƳǫǏǏǎ˲ˣ ǖ˝ǎǡ˟ƶǡ˝ƾƾǨLjǞ˟ǨǪǐˮǎưǛ˟˿ǖǪǡ˲ˠǗƶ ǪǘǨư˭ǓǗǨǗǨǖ
ǢǨƹ˟ǥƶnjǨƶǪƱˢǨNj˴ƶǑˢ́ǎˣ˝ǎǪǓˠ˶ǥƹ˟ǞǗǪǢǛ˶ǥNJ˟ǥǮǐ ǬljǗǪǞǛǨǎˣ˲Ǯljˢǘ˟Ǟǖǖ˶ǥư˝ǏƷ˿ǣǨǛƶưǘLj˪
ǖǢǨǞ˰njǗǨǛ˝ǗǫǛǧ ěĺƨŹûĺïûš ƹˠ˶ǥlj˝ƶǢǛǨǗƳǎ ǪǓˠ˶ǥNJǘǞƷƷ˝Ǐnjˣ˝ƶƱˢǥƳǞǨǖ Ǫǡ˲Ǘƶ
ǫǛǧǡ˲ǢǎˢǨ ǫǛˢǞǫƷˢƶưǥƶǏ˝ƾƹǨưǨǘNJ˸ǨǘǞƷǡǥǏǡǞǎưǛǨƶ ǭǢˢǡ˟ƶƳǎǮǐƹ˟ǞǗǪǢǛ˶ǥ
Ƴǎnj˲ˠǥǗ́ǭ˟ ǎǕǨǞǧǪǡǗˠ˲ ƶǥǗǨưƵǨ˟ NJ˝ǞNJǨǗ ǎǨ˸ NJ˝ǞǖǨƹǞ˟ ǗǪǢǛ˶ǥǘư˝ ǠǨǮljˢnj˝ǎɎ
ǎǥưƷǨưǎ˲ˣǗ˝ƶNJˢǥƶnj˸ǨƶǨǎư˝ǏưǛ˟˿ǖǪǐǘǨǧǏǨƶ ƺˠ˴ƶǫǓnjǗ˪Ǣƾ˰ƶǥ˝ǖǓǘƹ˲ˣǞ˟Ǩ
ƷǧǪǐǎˮ ưǛǖ˟˿ njNj˲ˠ ứ njƶˣ˰ ǮǞƱˢ Ǩˢ ƶǢǛƶ˝ Ǫǡǖǥ ǫǛǧnjǡˠ˲ Ǩ˸ Ƴƾ˝ ƷǧǪǐǎˮ Ʒlj˿ njƳ˲ˠ ǥǗnjǨ˸ ǛǨǗƳǞǨǖǢǞƶ˝
Ʊǥƶǡ˝ƶƳǖǭǎǗǨǖnj˲ˠǓǞưǪƱǨǪƷ˭ǏǐˡǞǗ ưǘǖǡ˿ƱǕǨǓƷ˰NJǮljˢnj˸ǨƶǨǎǘ˟Ǟǖư˝ǏưǘǧnjǘǞƶ
ưǨǘǓLJ˝ ǎǨǡƶ˝ ƳǖǫǛǧƳǞǨǖǖˠǎ˝ ƳƶƱǥƶǖǎǠ˿ Ǘư˪ ˝ǎǥǗǨ˟ ƶǪƱǖˢ Ʊǎˢ ǖǨưƱˣǎ˴
ɎǪǘǨƷǧǪƱˢǨǮǐlj́ƳǎǮƱˢnjˠ˲ǥǗ́˟ǭǎǡNjǨǎǓ˝ưǓ˰ƶƱǥƶưǘǧnjǘǞƶǓ˝LJǎǨǡ˝ƶƳǖɔ
Ǯǖ˟Ǟ˟ǨƳǎǪǘ˟ǘ˟ǥǎ Ǯǘˢnjˠ˲Ǔˠ˴ƶ ƳǎǮǘˢǏˢǨǎ Ǣǘ˶ǥǫǖ˟ǪǛˣ˲ǗƶǪljˠ˲ǗǞǓǞưǎˣ˲ Ƴ˿Ǘư˝ǎǞ˟ǨƷǧnj˸Ǩ
ǪǐˮǎǬǘƶǓǗǨǏǨǛƷ˰NJǪǞƹǥǥǎǮǛǎ˪ lj́ǫǛǓǞưǪƱǨljˢǞǗǘǧǏǏǥǥǎǮǛǎ˪ ǫǛˢǞǪǘǨ

78 mºG"ȷǭǵɑNJLJǎˢǜ˳Ʋlj˜ƮǙǣǑǥƬ˔ǑǦƬ˟ƱǜǣLjǣǓǃǜ˱ƬǩLJǒ

ƷǧƱǗǨǗưǨǘǘ˝ưǠǨǭǢˢǖǨưƱˣ˴ǎ ǢǨưǐ˞ƾǢǨnjǨƶƷ˰NJǭƷƱǥƶǪƱǨǛljǎˢǥǗǛƶ ǡ˝ƶƳǖư˭Ʒǧ
ǖƳ˲ ǞǨǖǢǞ˝ƶǖǨưƱˣǎ˴ Ɏ
ljˢǨǎǎǨǗǫǓnjǗ˪ǡǖǟ˝ưlj˰˫ ǥǍǏ˰ lj˲ưǘǖưǨǘǫǓnjǗ˪ Ǘ˝ƶǗ˺ǨljˢǞǗǞ˟Ǩ NJǛǥljǪǞǛǨ
ǡǥƶǐ˳njˠ˲Ǒ˟ǨǎǖǨǎ˲ˣ ƳǎǮƱˢǬǘƳǥˠ˶ǎ ɓ Ǫǡ˲ǗǬǥưǨǡǮǐǖǨư ǪǘǨǮǖ˟ǘ́ˢǞ˟ǨƳǎnjˠ˲ǪǐˮǎǬǘƳǢ˝ǞǭƷ
ǢǛǥljǪǛ˶ǥlj ǐǘǧǡǨnj Ǣǘ˶ǥǖǧǪǘ˭ƶ NJˢǥƶNJǨǗǮǐư˲ˠƳǎǫǛˢǞ ǪǓǘǨǧǑ˟ǨNJ˝ljƹˢǨǮǐ
ǥǗǨ˟ ƶǖǧǪǘƶ˭ ǎƹˠ˲ lj˝ ǭǎǪǘˠǥ˶ ƶƱǥƶưǨǘǑǨ˟ NJlj˝ ǫNJNJ˟ ǥǎǎǏ˲ˣ ǥǘlj˪ ǬƳǞlj˰ njǖˠ˲ ǖ˲ ǨưǖǨǗưǛ˭ ljǎǥˢ ǗǛƶ
ưǛ˝ǏǮǐǭƹˢƺ́ǖǪƺǥǘ˪Ǟ˰ǡǢǖljǫǛˢǞ nj˲ˠǎˢǥǗǛƶǪǓǘǨǧǞ˟ǨǓǞưǪƱǨNJˢǥƶǎ˸ǨǮǐǭƹˢƶǨǎ
ǭǎǪƹ˰ƶǍ˿ǘư˰ƷƱǥƶǪƱǨǪǥƶ ǬǛưǖ˝ǎǑ˝ǎǑǞǎ ǫǛǧǖ˝ǎư˭ǗˢǥǎǫǗˢƶ ǪǢǖ˶ǥǎnj˲ˠǏǥưǮǐǫǛˢǞ
ǢǨưǘǏ˝ ǘư˝ ǠǨǬƳǞ˰ljǪǗǥǧ ƳǎǮƱǥˢ ˠ˶ǎưǪ˭ ǡǗ˲ ǬǥưǨǡ ǓǥưǛǏ˝ Ǯǐnj˸ǨưǨǘǘư˝ ǠǨƳǎǮƱǥˢ ˠ˶ǎ ɓ
ǪNJ˲Ǘƶǘư˝ ǠǨǬƳǞ˰ljư˭ǥǨƷƷǧǮǖǓ˟ ǥ
ɎƷǨưǏnjǪǘǗ˲ ǎǎ ˲ˣ ǪǘǨǪǢǎ˭ ǫǛǞˢ ǞǨ˟ NjǨˢ njǨ˸ ǫǏǏǘǧǏǏǘǨƹưǨǘNJǥ˟ ǮǐưƷ˭ ǧǮǖǘ˟ ǥlj
ǪǘǨǓlj́ Nj˴ƶ ŞûšŨńĺÓį îÓŨûõ ưǎ˝ ǫǛˢǞ ǖǎ˝ NJˢǥƶǪǐǛ˲ˠǗǎƷǨư ďńƑûšĺĸûĺű űńŞ õńƒĺ
Ǣǘ˶ǥ ďńƑûšĺĸûĺű ŞįÓűĎńšĸ ǮǐǪǐˮǎ ńŞûĺ ŞįÓűĎńšĸ ǎˠ˝ǎƳ˶ǥ ǪǘǨƳǞǘnj˸ǨNJ˝Ǟ
Ǫ Ǣ ǖ˶ ǥ ǎ ư˝ Ǐ Ď Ó ï ě į ě ű Ó ű ń š ǎ˸ Ǩ nj˿ ư Ƴ ǎ ǖ Ǩ Ǫ ǡ˲ Ǘ Ǐ ǐ Ǜ˦˝ ư ǘ˟ Ǟ ǖ ư˝ ǎ Ǐ ǎ ǫ Ǔ Ǜ NJ ǔ ǥ ǘ˪ ǖ ǎˣ˲
Ǯǖ˟Ǟ˟ǨƷǧǪǐˮǎǬǘƶǓǗǨǏǨǛƱǥƶ ưnjǖȣ ǬǘƶǪǘ˲ǗǎǫǓnjǗ˪ Ǫǥưƹǎ njǢǨǘ NJ˸ǨǘǞƷ
ǘǞǖnjˣƶ˝ ǐǘǧƹǨǡƶ˝ ƳǖljǞˢ Ǘ ǖǨǪǡǗ˲ ǏǐǛư˦˝ ǥǗǏ́˟ ǎǫǓǛNJǔǥǘǖ˪ ǪljǗ˲ Ǟưǎ˝ ƷǨư űńŞ õńƒĺ
ư˭ƷǧǪǐǎˮ ïńĸŞšûĖûĺŨěƑû ÓŞŞšńÓïĖɎ
ƳǞǨǖǪǐǛ˲ˠǗǎǫǐǛƶlj˝ƶưǛ˟ǨǞNJˢǥƶNJˣ˝ƶǥǗ́˟ǏǎǢǛ˝ưưǨǘƱǥƶƳǞǨǖƷǘ˰ƶ ǫǛǧ
ƳǞǨǖǬǐǘƶ˟ ǭǡ Ǒǎ́ˢ Ǩ˸ ǕǨƳǘDŽ˝ NJǥˢ ƶǫǡljƶƳǞǨǖƹlj˝ ǪƷǎǓǘǥˢ ǖưǏ˝ Ǔlj́ ƳǞǨǖƷǘƶ˰ ưǏ˝ ǐǘǧƹǨƹǎ
ǬljǗǗ˴ljǢǛ˝ưưǨǘnj˲ˠǪǢǖǨǧǡǖ ǮǖǞ˟ ˟ǨƷǧǪǐǎˮ ǢǛ˝ưưǨǘnjǨƶǞ˰njǗǨǟǨǡNJǘ˪ Ǣǘ˶ǥǢǛ˝ưưǨǘ
njǨƶǪǟǘǠDŽǟǨǡNJǘ˪ ǪǓǘǨǧǭǎǏǨƶǡNjǨǎưǨǘLj˪ư˭Ǯǖ˟ǮljˢǪǛǞǘˢǨǗƷǎNJˢǥƶǛ˭ǥưljǨǞǎ˪
njư˿ Ƴǘˣƶ˝ Ǯǐ

mºG"ȷǭǵɑNJLJǎˢǜ˳Ʋlj˜ƮǙǣǑǥƬ˔ǑǦƬ˟ƱǜǣLjǣǓǃǜ˱ƬǩLJǒ 79

ƳˤDŽǙˏƮƵˤlj
ɁǙǣǓǢǦǝˑƱƴǣDžˢɂ

04

04 ƳˤDŽǙƮˏ ƵˤljɑɉǙǣǓǢǦǝƱˑ ƴǣDžɉˢ

ɎǑǖǮǐǘ˝Ǐnjˠ˲ǡǎǨǖǏ˰ǎǎ˺ǨNJǨǘ˟Ǟƶ Nj˶ǥǞ˟Ǩǖ˲ǪƳǘˠ˶ǥƶǐˤǥƶư˝ǎǭǢˢƳǎǮnjǗǫǛˢǞɎ
ǎǨǗǫǓnjǗǪ˪ ưǗ˲ ǘNJ˰Ǖǖ́ ˰ Ǟƶǟǘ˪ Ʒ˰NJ ǐǛlj˝ ưǘǧnjǘǞƶǡǨǍǨǘLjǡƱ˿ ǪǛǨ˟ ƳǞǨǖǘ́ǡˢ ư˴
Ǒ˟ Ǩ ǎ Ǖ Ǩ Ǔ ǐ ǘ ǧ Ǟ˝ NJ˰ ǟ Ǩ ǡ NJ ǘ˪ Ʊ Lj ǧ Ǘ˶ ǎ ǘ ǥ ǘ˝ Ǐ Ǟ˝ Ƴ ƺ˲ ǎ Ǭ Ƴ Ǟ˰ lj ǡ˝ ƾ ƹ Ǩ NJ˰ Ʒ˲ ǎ Ǜ˭ ǥ NJ ǫ ǘ ư
dzDZDZȤDZDZDZ Ǭljǡ njǏˠ˲ ǘǘƷǥ˿ Ǘǭ́˟ ǎNJƳˢ́ ǥǎǪnjǎǪǎǥǘƳ˪ ǞǏƳǖ˿ ǥLj˿ ǢǕǖ́ ˰ ǛǨ˸ ǪǛǗ˲ ƶljǞˢ ǗǪƳǘˠǥ˶ ƶǏǎ˰
Ʊǎǡƶ˟ ǡǎ˰ ƳǨˢ ǫǥǘǏ˪ ǡ˝ ǛǨ˸ ǭǢƾ ˟ ǪnjǗˠ˲ ǞǏǎ˰ ž> ǷǸǶ ƷǨưǐư˞ ưƶˠ˰ Njƶ˴ ǏǘǪ˰ ǞLjǪƱNJǐǛǥljǥǨưǘ
ǫ Ǜ ǧ Ƴ Ǜ˝ ƶ ǡ˰ ǎ Ƴˢ Ǩ nj˟ Ǩ ǥ Ǩ ư Ǩ ǟ Ǘ Ǩ ǎ ǡ˿ Ǟ ǘ ǘ Lj Ǖ́ ǖ˰ ǐ ǘ ǧ ǖ Ǩ Lj ǡ˰ Ǐ ǎ Ǩ Ǥ˰ ư Ǩ Ʊ ǥ ƶ Ǟ˝ ǎ nj˲ˠ
dzǵ ưǖ˿ ǕǨǓǎ˝ Ǎ ˪ dzǶǷǵ ưǥ˟ ǎǎǨ˸ nj˲ǖǑǏ́ˢ ǘǢ˰ ǨǘưǘǧnjǘǞƶǡǨǍǨǘLjǡƱ˿ ǘǞ˟ ǖǭǎǓǍ˰ ǘ˲ Ǐ˝ ǖǥǏ
ǕǨǗǭNJˢƹˠ˶ǥƶǨǎ ǬƳǞ˰lj DzǺ Ƴ˶ǎǘǥǗǗˣ˰ǖǐǘǧǪnjǟǮnjǗ ǓǛǪǥưǐǘǧǗ˿njǍ˪ Ʒ˝ǎnjǘ˪ǬǥƹǨ
ǎǨǗưǘ˝DŽǖǎNJǘ˲ ǭǎDŽǨǎǧǑ́ˢǥ˸ǨǎǞǗưǨǘǟ́ǎǗ˪Ǐǘ˰ǢǨǘǡNjǨǎưǨǘLj˪ưǨǘǫǓǘ˟ǘǧǏǨlj
Ʊ ǥ ƶ Ǭ ǘ Ƴ NJ˰ lj Ǫ ƹˣ ˶ ǥ Ǭ Ƴ Ǟ˰ lj Dz Ǻ ȴ ǟ Ǐ Ƴ ȣ ȵ Ǫ ǐˮ ǎ ǐ ǘ ǧ Ǎ Ǩ ǎ ǘ˝ Ǐ ǖ ǥ Ǐ Ǟ˝ Ƴ ƺ˲ ǎ Ǔ ǘˢ ǥ ǖ ljˢ Ǟ Ǘ
ǎǨǗǥǎnj˿ ǎ˰ ƹǨƾǞǘ˲ ưǛ́ ǘǥƶǎǨǗưǘDŽ˝ ǖǎNJǘ ˲ ǫǛǧǘDŽ˝ ǖǎNJǘǞ˲ Ǩ˟ ưǨǘưǘǧnjǘǞƶǡǨǍǨǘLjǡƱ˿
ljǘȣǡǨǍ˰NJ ǐ˱NJ˿ǪNJƹǧ ǘ˝DŽǖǎNJǘ˲ƹ˟ǞǗǞ˟ǨưǨǘưǘǧnjǘǞƶǡǨǍǨǘLjǡ˿Ʊ ǫǛǧǥ˝ƳǘǘǨƹnj́NJ
ǡNjǨǎǪǥưǥ˝ƳǘǘǨƹnj́NJǡǨǍǨǘLjǘ˝DŽǐǘǧƹǨƹǎƷ˲ǎ ǘǞǖnjˣ˝ƶǑ́ˢǏǘ˰ǢǨǘǢǎ˟ǞǗƶǨǎ
njˠ˲Ǫư˲ˠǗǞƱǥˢ ƶǘǞ˟ ǖǭǎǓǍ˰ ˲
ƹǞ˟ ƶǏǨ˟ ǗǞ˝ǎǪlj˲ǗǞưǎ˝ Ǟ˝Ƴƺǎ˲ ǡƾ˝ ƹǨNJ˰ǥ˝ƶưǙǠƷǨưǏǘǠ˰ nj˝ ǫǥǡNJǘǨˢ ǪƺǎǪǎưǨˢ
Ǫlj˰ǎnjǨƶNj˴ƶǮnjǗƷ˸ǨǎǞǎ DzDzǸȤǷDZDZ Ǭljǡ Ǫǖˠǥ˶ ǘǞǖư˝ǏǞ˝Ƴƺǎ˲ ǏǘǠ˰ ˝njƺǬ˰ ǎǫǞƳ ǮǏǬǥǪnjƳ
ƱǥƶƷ˲ǎ Lj ǪǞǛǨǎˣ˝ǎ ǮnjǗǖ˲Ǟ˝Ƴƺ˲ǎǥǗ́˟ǭǎǖ˶ǥ ǴDzǸȤDZDZDZ Ǭljǡ njˣ˝ƶǢǖljƱǎǡ˟ƶǪƱˢǨƳǛ˝ƶ
ǡǨ˸ ǘǥƶǞƳ˝ ƺǎ˲ njǥ˲ˠ ƶƳư˪ ǨǘǪǕǡƹ˝ ưǘǘǖǘǞ˟ ǖǖǥ˶ ưǏ˝ ǏǘǠ˰ nj˝ ljǪ˲ ƳǪǥǡǪǥƹ ȴǐǘǧǪnjǟǮnjǗȵ ƷǨ˸ ưlj˝
ljǨ˸ Ǫǎǎ˰ ưǨǘǪưǏ˭ ǘư˝ ǠǨǕǨǗǭǎǢǥˢ ƶƳǞǏƳǖ˿ ǥLj˿ ǢǕǖ́ ǘ˰ ǧǢǞǨ˟ ƶ dzȼǹ ǥƶǟǨǪƺǛǪƺǗ˲ ǡ ǫǛǧ
ǡ˟ƶNJ˝ǞǥǗ˟ǨƶƷ˸ǨǎǞǎǢǎˠ˴ƶǭǢˢưǘǖǞ˰njǗǨǟǨǡNJǘ˪ưǨǘǫǓnjǗ˪ NJǘǞƷǡǥǏƳ˿LjǕǨǓǞ˝Ƴƺ˲ǎ
Ʒǎǖˠǎ˝ ǭƷǞ˟ǨǮljˢǖǨNJǘDŽǨǎnj˲ˠư˸ǨǢǎlj
Ǟ˝Ƴƺ˲ǎǛ˭ǥNJǫǘưƱǥƶƺ˰ǬǎǫǞƳ ƺˠ˴ƶǫǎǧǎ˸ǨƸ˲ljǭǎǑˢ́nj˲ˠǖ˲ǥǨǗ˿ǘǧǢǞ˟Ǩƶ
DzǹȼǶǺ ǐ˳ ǡ˟ǞǎǞ˝Ƴƺ˲ǎǫǥǡNJǘˢǨǪƺǎǪǎưˢǨ ư˝ǎǮǞˢƸ˲ljǑ́ˢnj˲ˠǖ˲ǥǨǗ˿NJˣ˝ƶǫNJ˟ ǷDZ ǐ˳Ʊˣ˴ǎǮǐ
NJǨǖǫǑǎưǨǘưǘǧƷǨǗƸ˲ljǞ˝Ƴƺ˲ǎƱǥƶ ǟǏƳȣ Ʒ˝ljǡǘǘǭǢˢư˝ǏǏ˿ƳǛǨưǘnjǨƶưǨǘǫǓnjǗ˪
ǫǛǧǡǨǍǨǘLjǡ˿Ʊlj˟ǨǎǢǎˢǨ njˣ˝ƶǕǨƳǘ˝DŽǫǛǧǪǥưƹǎ ǪƷˢǨǢǎˢǨnjˠ˲Ǒ́ˢǪư˲ˠǗǞƱˢǥƶnj˲ˠǖ˲ǬǥưǨǡ
ǡ˝ǖǑ˝ǡǑ́ˢNJ˰ljǪƹˣ˶ǥ ǐǘǧƹǨƹǎưǛ˟˿ǖǪǡ˲ˠǗƶ Ǣǘ˶ǥưǛ˟˿ǖ ǷDZǹ nj˲ˠǖ˲ǬǘƳǐǘǧƷ˸ǨNJ˝Ǟ Ǫƹ˟ǎ
ǬǘƳnjǨƶǪlj˰ǎǢǨǗǭƷǪǘˣ˶ǥǘ˝ƶ ǬǘƳǢǞ˝ ǭƷ ǬǘƳǪǏǨǢǞǨǎ ǬǘƳǥˢǞǎ ǭǎǓˣ˶ǎnjˠ˲ƳǞǏƳ˿ǖǡ́ƶǡ˿lj
ǫ Ǜ ǧ Ǫ Ʊˢ ǖ ƶ Ǟ lj Ǭ lj Ǘ ǐ ǘ ǧ ǖ Ǟ Ǜ Ʒ Ǩ ư ǡ Nj Ǩ ǎ ư Ǩ ǘ Lj˪ ư Ǩ ǘ ǘ ǧ Ǐ Ǩ lj ǭ ǎ Ǔˣ ˶ ǎ njˠ˲ ư ǘ˿ ƶ Ǫ nj Ǔ ɔ
NJǛǨljưǛǨƶưˢ˿ƶ Ʒȣǡǖ˿njǘǡǨƳǘ ǫǛǧƷ˝ƶǢǞ˝ljnj˲ˠǖ˲ƳǞǨǖǡ˸ǨƳ˝ƾƱ˝ǏǪƳǛˠ˶ǥǎǪǟǘǠDŽư˰Ʒ
ǕǨƳưǨǘnj˟ǥƶǪnjˠ˲ǗǞƱǥƶǐǘǧǪnjǟ ǘǞǖnjˣ˝ƶǢǖlj DzǴ Ʒ˝ƶǢǞ˝lj

mºG"ȷǭǵɑNJLJǎˢǜ˳Ʋlj˜ƮǙǣǑǥƬ˔ǑǦƬ˟ƱǜǣLjǣǓǃǜ˱ƬǩLJǒ 81

Ǟ˝ǎnjˠ˲ dzǹ ưǖ˿ ǕǨǓǎ˝ Ǎ ˪ dzǶǷǴ ǎǨǗǥǎnj˿ ˰ǎ ǘǥƶǎǨǗưǘDŽ˝ ǖǎNJǘǫ˲ ǛǧǘDŽ˝ ǖǎNJǘ˲
Ǟ˟ǨưǨǘưǘǧnjǘǞƶǡǨǍǨǘLjǡ˿Ʊ ǪǐˮǎǑ́ˢǎ˸Ǩnj˲ǖǘ˝ǏưǨǘƸ˲ljǞ˝Ƴƺ˲ǎƺ˰ǬǎǫǞƳǪƱ˭ǖǫǘư
njˠ˲ǡNjǨǏ˝ǎǏ˸ǨǘǨǟǎǘǨlj́ǘ Ǔǘˢǥǖư˝ǏǏ˿ƳǛǨưǘnjǨƶưǨǘǫǓnjǗ˪ ǪǓˠ˶ǥǡǘˢǨƶƳǞǨǖǖˠ˝ǎǭƷ
ǭǎǪǘˠǥ˶ ƶƳǞǨǖǐǛǥljǕǗ˝ ǭǢưˢ Ǐ˝ ǐǘǧƹǨƹǎnjƶˣ˝ ǐǘǧǪnjǟ ǫǛǧǭǎǏǨ˟ ǗǞǎ˝ ǪljǗ˲ Ǟưǎ˝ Ǯljǖˢ ư˲ Ǩǘ
Ƹ˲ljǞ˝Ƴƺ˲ǎƺ˰ǬǎǫǞƳǛ˭ǥNJǪlj˲ǗǞư˝ǎǎˣ˲ ǭǢˢư˝ǏǏ˿ƳǛǨưǘƱǥƶǬǘƶǓǗǨǏǨǛǡǖ˿njǘǡǨƳǘ
njǨ˟ ǖưǛǨƶǫǘƶǪǡǗ˲ ljnjǨǎ NjǨưNjǨƶ ljǘǨǖǨ˟ ljǥˢ ǗƳǨ˟ ǞƳ˝ ƺǎ˲ Ʒlj˝ ƺˣǥ˶ ǛǨ˟ ƹǨˢ ǫǛǧƱǥˢ ưǛǨ˟ ǞǢǨ
ǞǨǘǧƺ˟ǥǎǪǘˢǎǪǘˠ˶ǥƶưǨǘƷ˝ljƺˣ˶ǥǞ˝Ƴƺ˲ǎ ƺˠ˴ƶNJ˟ǥǖǨǮljˢǘ˝ǏưǨǘǓ˰ǡ́Ʒǎ˪ljˢǞǗƱˢǥǖ́ǛǞ˟Ǩ
Ǟ˝Ƴƺ˲ǎǪƹˣ˶ǥNJǨǗǎˣ˲ ǐˤǥƶư˝ǎǬƳǞ˰lj DzǺ ǥǗ˟Ǩƶǖ˲ǐǘǧǡ˰njǍ˰ǕǨǓ ǐưǐˤǥƶưǨǘǡ́ƾǪǡ˲Ǘƹ˲Ǟ˰NJ
ƱǥƶǏ˿ƳǛǨưǘnjǨƶưǨǘǫǓnjǗǫ˪ ǛǧǪƷˢǨǢǎǨˢ njˠ˲lj˟ǨǎǢǎǨˢ ǮljˢƷǘƶ˰

ȭ ưǨƶǫǑǎnjˠ˲ƳǞǨǎǢǨǞ˝Ƴƺǎ˲ njˠ˝ǞǬǛư ȭ
njˠ˝ǞǬǛưǪǘˠ˰ǖǓ˝LJǎǨǞ˝Ƴƺ˲ǎǬƳǞ˰lj DzǺ ǭǎƹ˟Ǟƶ Ǵ Ǫlj˶ǥǎǫǘưƱǥƶǐ˳ dzǶǷǴ
ƺˠ˴ƶǪǓ˰ˠƶǖ˲ưǨǘǘǧǏǨljƱǥƶǬƳǞ˰lj DzǺ Ǯǖ˟ǎǨǎǭǎǐǘǧǪnjǟƷ˲ǎ ǫǛǧǥ˲ưǢǛǨǗǐǘǧǪnjǟ
ǬǛưNJǧǞ˝ǎNJưnj˲ˠǪǘƶ˟ nj˸ǨưǨǘǞ˰Ʒ˝ǗǫƱƶ˟ ư˝ǏưǨǘǘǧǏǨlj ǡƶ˟ ǑǛǭǢǖˢ Ǟ˲ ˝Ƴƺǎ˲ ǪƱǖ˭ ǫǘư Ƹlj˲ Ʒǘƶ˰
ǭǎǪlj˶ǥǎǍǎ˝ ǞǨƳǖǐ ˳ dzǶǷǴ

82 mºG"ȷǭǵɑNJLJǎˢǜ˳Ʋlj˜ƮǙǣǑǥƬ˔ǑǦƬ˟ƱǜǣLjǣǓǃǜ˱ƬǩLJǒ

ǎǨǗǫǓnjǗ˪ǡ˿ǘǧ Ǟ˰ǪǟǠǟ˝ưlj˰˫ ǘǥƶǐǛ˝ljưǘǧnjǘǞƶǡǨǍǨǘLjǡ˿Ʊ ư˸Ǩư˝Ǐlj́ǫǛ
ƶǏǐǘǧǖǨLjƷlj˝ ƺˣǥ˶ ǞƳ˝ ƺǎ˲ ǭǎǡNjǨǎưǨǘLjƸ˪ ư˿ ǪƸǎ˰ ǏǥưǞǨ˟ Ǫljǥ˶ ǎǪǖǠǨǗǎ dzǶǷǴ Ǯǖǖ˟ ˲ǭƳǘ
ǘ́ˢǪǛǗǞ˟ǨƷǧǖ˲Ǐǘ˰Ǡ˝njǮǢǎnjˠ˲ǑǛ˰NJǞ˝Ƴƺ˲ǎǮljˢǡ˸ǨǪǘ˭Ʒ ưǨǘǐǘǧƹ˿ǖưǘǧnjǘǞƶǡǨǍǨǘLjǡ˿Ʊ
njˣ˝ƶǢˢǥƶƹ˟ǞǗư˝ǎǓ˰ƷǨǘLjǨƱˢǥǖ́ǛƳǞǨǖưˢǨǞǢǎˢǨưǨǘǑǛ˰NJǞ˝Ƴƺ˲ǎ njˣ˝ƶǞ˰Ǎ˲ưǨǘǑǛ˰NJ
ǭƹˢǪnjƳǬǎǬǛǗ˲ljˣ˝ƶǪlj˰ǖnj˲ˠǪǘ˲ǗưǞ˟Ǩ Ǟ˝Ƴƺ˲ǎǫǏǏǪƹˣ˶ǥNJǨǗ ǫǛǧǪnjƳǬǎǬǛǗ˲ǭǢǖ˟ǫǏǏǮǞǘ˝ǡ
ǪǞưǪNJǥǘ˪ Ǣǘ˶ǥǪnjƳǬǎǬǛǗ˲ǫǏǏǛ˟Ǩǡ˿lj ĸg ǪǓˠ˶ǥǢǨǏǘ˰Ǡ˝njǑ́ˢǑǛ˰NJƷǨưnjˠ˝ǞǬǛư
ǘǞǖnjˣ˝ƶǏǘ˰Ǡ˝njnj˲ˠǐǘǧưǨǟNJ˝ǞǞ˟Ǩư˸ǨǛ˝ƶƷǧǑǛ˰NJǖǨǓ˰ƷǨǘLjǨ Ǫǘ˲ǗưǞ˟ǨưǨƶǫǑǎnjˠ˲ǬǛư
ǢǨư˝ǎǪǛǗ
ɎưǨƶǪǛǗ ǐǘǧǪnjǟǭǎǬǛưǎǓˣ˲ ǎ˝ ưǞǨ˟ ǪƷǨˢ njǑˠ˲ ǛNJ˰ ǖǭ˲ ƳǘǏǨˢ ƶ ǫǛǞˢ ǡǐ˝ ljǨǢNj˪ lj˝ Ǯǐ
ǖ˝ǎǛljǛƶǖǨǪǘˠ˶ǥǗ ɓ ƷǎǪǘǨǪǢ˭ǎǞ˟ǨǪƷˢǨǎˣ˲ǎ˟ǨƷǧǓǥǪǐˮǎǮǐ ǪǘǨǪǛǗnj˸ǨǓ˰Ǎ˲ưǨǘ
ƷǥƶǞ˝Ƴƺ˲ǎǮǐ ǫNJ˟Nj˴ƶǫǖˢƷǥƶǫǛˢǞ Ǫǖˠ˶ǥǞ˝Ƴƺ˲ǎǥǥưǖǨ ǐǘǨưǂǞ˟ǨǏǨƶNJ˝Ǟǖ˝ǎǑǛ˰NJǪǡǘ˭Ʒ
Ǫǘ˭ǞưǞ˟Ǩ ǪǘǨƷ˸ǨǪǐˮǎNJˢǥƶǪǥǨǖǨƸ˲ljư˟ǥǎ ǪǓǘǨǧǞ˟ǨǪǢNJ˿ưǨǘLj˪ǖ˝ǎǏ˝ƶƳ˝ǏǭǢˢǪǘǨnj˸Ǩ
NJǥǎnj˲ˠǪư˰ljNJǛǨljưǛǨƶưˢ˿ƶnjˠ˲ǡǖ˿njǘǡǨƳǘ ǪǘǨƷ˸ǨǪǐˮǎNJˢǥƶǪǥǨƺ˰ǬǎǫǞƳǖǨ ǪǓǘǨǧǞ˟Ǩ
ǪƷˢǨǢǎˢǨnj˲ˠǪǘǨNJ˰ljǬǘƳ ǫǛǧƳǎư˭NJ˰lj ǫǛǧǖ˲ƳǎNJǨǗ ƹǨǞǏˢǨǎǫNjǞǎˣ˝ǎƷǧNJˢǥƶƸ˲lj
ǪǓǘǨǧǮǖ˟ƶˣ˝ǎǪƹˣ˶ǥǖ˝ǎƷǧǘǧǏǨlj ǪǘǨǪǥǨǖǨǪǐˮǎƸǎǞǎư˝ǎǮǔǎǧƳǘ˝Ǐ Ǯǖ˟ǭǢˢǖ˝ǎǛǨǖ
ǥǥưƷǨưưǥƶǎˣǎ˝ ƱLjǧǎˣǎ˝ ư˭Ǘƶ˝ ư˝ǎǛǨǖǮǖǮ˟ ǢǞǪǓǘǨǧǡǧǪư˭ljǖǎ˝ ǮǐǮưǛǖǨư ưǘǧǪlj˭ǎ
ǮǐNj˴ƶǕǨƳǪǢǎǥ˶ ưǘǧǪlj˭ǎǥǥưnjˠ˝ǞǐǘǧǪnjǟǪǛǗɎ
ǘǥƶǐǛ˝ljưǘǧnjǘǞƶǡǨǍǨǘLjǡ˿ƱǏǥưǞ˟Ǩ Ǟ˝Ƴƺ˲ǎnj˲ˠǗ˝ƶǮǖ˟ǡ˸ǨǪǘ˭Ʒ ưǨǘƷǥƶƺˣ˶ǥ
Ǫƶˠ˶ǥǎǮƱǡ˝ƾƾǨ Ǒ́ˢƱǨǗǏǥưǞ˟Ǩ ǢǨưǪư˰ljǥǧǮǘƱˣ˴ǎǪƱǨǮǖ˟ǘ˝ǏǑ˰ljƹǥǏ ǪǓǘǨǧnj˿ưƳǎ
NJˢǥƶǪǡˠ˲Ǘƶ NjˢǨƳ˿LjǮǖ˟Ǫǡ˲ˠǗƶǖ˲Ƴǎǥˠ˶ǎǪǡ˲ˠǗƶ ư˭NJˢǥƶǪǡˠ˲ǗƶǪǓǘǨǧǮǖ˟Ǫƹ˟ǎǎˣ˝ǎ ǪǘǨǪǥǨƳǎ
ƱǥƶǪǘǨǮǖǥ˟ Ǘ́ ˟ ƳǎƱǥƶǪǘǨƷǧǛˢǖNJǨǗ njư˿ ǐǘǧǪnjǟǭƹǞˢ ˰ǍǪ˲ lj˲ǗǞư˝ǎƳ˶ǥNJˢǥƶǪǡǗˠ˲ ƶ

ǎǨǗǫǓnjǗǡ˪ Ǫ˿ njǓ ǪǓƹǘǖǨư ǢǞ˝ ǢǎǨˢ ǑNJˢ́ ǘǞƷǘǨƹưǨǘưǘǧnjǘǞƶǡǨǍǨǘLjǡƱ˿
ǥǍ˰ǏǨǗǞ˟Ǩ Ǟ˝Ƴƺ˲ǎnj˿ưNJ˝Ǟnj˲ˠǑ˟ǨǎǖǨǭƹˢǪǞǛǨǓ˝LJǎǨǮǖ˟ǎˢǥǗưǞ˟Ǩ ǴȼǶ ǐ˳ư˟ǥǎǎ˸ǨǮǐǭƹˢ
ǖ˲ƳǞǨǖǐǛǥljǕ˝Ǘ ǖ˲ǐǘǧǡ˰njǍ˰ǕǨǓǡǨǖǨǘNjƳǞǏƳ˿ǖǬǘƳǮljˢ ǫNJ˟ljˢǞǗǡNjǨǎưǨǘLj˪

mºG"ȷǭǵɑNJLJǎˢǜ˳Ʋlj˜ƮǙǣǑǥƬ˔ǑǦƬ˟ƱǜǣLjǣǓǃǜ˱ƬǩLJǒ 83

ưǨ˸ Ǜƶ˝ Njứ ǬǘƳǘ˿ưǮǖǖ˟ nj˲ ǨƶǪǛǥ˶ ư ưNJ˭ ǥˢ ƶǭƹǭˢ ǎưǘLjƸ˲ ư˿ ǪƸǎ˰ ƺƶˠ˴ ǏǘǠ˰ nj˝ ǑǑˢ́ ǛNJ˰ Ǯǖǘ˟ Ǐ˝ Ǒlj˰ ƹǥǏ
ǢǨưǪư˰ljǥǧǮǘƱˣ˴ǎ ǫNJ˟ǛǧǐǘǧǪnjǟǭƹˢǞ˰Ǎ˲ưǨǘǪlj˲ǗǞư˝ǎ ǫǛǧƳ˰ljǞ˟ǨưǨǘNJ˝ljǡ˰ǎǭƷƷ˝ljƺˣ˶ǥ
Ǟ˝Ƴƺ˲ǎǫNJ˟Ǜǧƹ˟Ǟƶǎˣ˝ǎNj́ưNJˢǥƶ ǪǓ˲ǗƶǫNJ˟ǪǘǨǮǖǘ˟ ́ˢǡNjǨǎưǨǘLj˪Ǜ˟ǞƶǢǎǨˢ nj˸ǨǭǢˢƳǨljưǨǘLj˪
ǥǧǮǘǮǖǮ˟ ljˢ ǫǛǧNjứ ǬƷǖNJ˲Ǫǘˠǥ˶ ƶưǨǘƷ˝ljǢǨǞ˝Ƴƺǎ˲ Ǜ˟ǨƹǨˢ
ɎnjǪ˲ˠ ǘǨNjứ ǬƷǖNJǞ˲ Ǩ˟ ǞƳ˝ ƺǎ˲ ǪǘǨƹǨˢ Ƴǥ˶ NjǨˢ ǖǥƶǗǥˢ ǎǢǛƶ˝ ưǨǘNJlj˝ ǡǎ˰ ǭƷǫNJǛ˟ ǧƹǞ˟ ƶ
ǪǘǨǮǖǑ˟ lj˰ Ǣǘǥư ǫNJǞ˟ Ǩ˟ ǪǘǨǮǖǘ˟ ́ǡˢ NjǨǎưǨǘLj ˪ ǖǎ˝ ƳǨljưǨǘLjǮ˪ ǖNj˟ ứ Ǯƶ Ƴǥ˶ ǓǥNJǥǎǖǎ˲ ǨƳǖ
ǪǘǨǪǘǖ˰ˠ Ʒ˝ljưǨǘǮljˢlj˲ǫǛˢǞǭƹǮ˟ Ǣǖ ǬǘƳǖǎ˝ ưǛ˭ ljǭƹǮ˟ Ǣǖ Ǟ˝ǎǢǎˠƶ˴ ǖǡ˲ ư˝ ǪƳǡǢǎˠƶ˴ ǫǛǞˢ Ǟ˝Ƴƺǎ˲
Njˢ Ǩ Ʒ ǧ Ǯ ǐ Ʒ ǥ ƶ NJˢ ǥ ƶ Ʒ˟ Ǩ Ǘ NJ˝ ƶ Ƴ˪ Ǫ Ǜ Ǘ ǫ Ǜˢ Ǟ Ǟ˝ Ƴ ƺ˲ ǎ ǡ˸ Ǩ Ǫ ǘ˭ Ʒ Ǯ ǖ˟ ǡ˸ Ǩ Ǫ ǘ˭ Ʒ ǖ˝ ǎ Ǯ ǖ˟ Ƴ˶ ǎ NJ˝ ƶ Ƴ˪ ǎ ǧ
nj˿ưǏǘ˰Ǡ˝njǪǐˮǎǥǗ˟Ǩƶǎˣ˝ǎǢǖljǪǛǗǎǧ Ǫlj˶ǥǎǖ˰Nj˿ǎǨǗǎ ưǘưǀǨƳǖ Ǫǘ˰ˠǖƳ˿Ǘư˝ǎ ǖ˝ǎǪǘ˰ˠǖ
njǨ˸ ǞƳ˝ ƺǎ˲ Ǯƶ ưǨǘǮǐƷǥƶ Ƹǧǎǎˣ˝ ƱǥƶǪǘǨǪƳǡưǎ˭ ǥˢ Ǘ NJǥǎǎǎˣ˝ ǪƳǡưǮ˭ ǖǖ˟ ˲ ǫǛǞˢ NjǨˢ ƷǥƶǫǛǞˢ
Ǟ˝Ƴƺǎ˲ Ǯǖǡ˟ Ǩ˸ ǪǘƷ˭ ǖǎ˝ ǮǖƳ˟ ˶ǎǎǧɎ
ǪƱˢǨǐǛǨǗǐ˳ dzǶǷǴ ƳǎǪǘ˰ˠǖNjǨǖǢǨǞ˝Ƴƺ˲ǎ ǓǘˢǥǖNJˣ˝ƶƳ˸ǨNjǨǖ ǐǘǧǪnjǟǥˠ˶ǎ
Ǫǘǖ˰ˠ Ƹlj˲ ǫǛǞˢ ǫNJǮ˟ njǗǪǘǨǗƶ˝ ǮǖƱ˟ ǗǏ˝ ǎǨǗǫǓnjǗǡ˪ Ǫ˿ njǓ ǥǍǏ˰ ǨǗǞǨ˟ ǡNjǨǎưǨǘLjǫ˪ NJǛ˟ ǧƹǞ˟ ƶ
ǖǪ˲ ǢNJǑ˿ ǛƱǥƶưǨǘNJlj˝ ǡǎ˰ ǭƷ ƹǞ˟ ƶǫǘưǬǘƳǎǥˢ Ǘ NJǥˢ ƶǎǨ˸ Ǫƶǎ˰ ǮǐǞǨƶ ǫNJǪ˟ ƱǨˢ ǐǛǨǗǐ ˳ dzǶǷǴ
ǪǘǨNjứ ǬƷǖNJ˲ njư˿ ƳǎǏǥưnj˸ǨǮǖǮǖǡ˟ ˠƶ˝ Ǟ˝Ƴƺǎ˲ NJˣ˝ƶǫNJ˟NJˢǎ nj˸ǨǮǖƹǨˢ ǘǨƹưǨǘnj˸ǨƶǨǎƹǨˢ
ɎǕǨǗǭNJưˢ ǨǘNJlj˝ ǡǎ˰ ǭƷƱǥƶǓǞưǪǘǨ ǖǎ˝ ǮǖǢ˟ ǖǎ́ ǧ ǫǛǧǖǎ˝ ǖǨǪưlj˰ Ǫǘˠǥ˶ ƶNJǥǎnjˠ˲
ǪƳǡǖ˝ǎƷǧǪǘˠ˰ǖǪǗǥǧNJǥǎǐǛǨǗǐ˳ ǪƳǡǖ˝ǎƷǧǪǗǥǧ ǥˢǨǞ Ȩ nj˿ưƳǎư˭NjǨǖǢǨǞ˝Ƴƺ˲ǎ
ǫǛǧǐǘǧǪnjǟǥˠ˶ǎǪƱǨǪǘǖˠ˰ Ƹlj˲ ưǎ˝ ǫǛǞˢ nj˸ǨǮǖǮnjǗǗƶ˝ ǮǖǮ˟ ljˢƸlj˲ ǥǧǮǘǥǗǨ˟ ƶǎ ˣ˲ ǪǘǨưǮ˭ ǐǘǏ˲ ǡƶˠ˝
Ǟ˝Ƴƺ˲ǎǖǨ nj˿ưƳǎǖ˝ǎư˭ ǪǥˢǨ ǞǨƶNJ˝ƶƳ˪ư˟ǥǎ ǮljˢǪǖˠ˶ǥǮǢǘ˟ Ǘ˝ƶǮǖ˟ǫǎ˟ ǡ˿ljnjˢǨǗnj˟Ǩǎǥǎ˿nj˰ǎ
ǮǐǪƷǘƷǨư˝ǏƷ˲ǎǖǨ ǮljˢǞ˝Ƴƺ˲ǎƺ˰ǬǎǫǞƳǖǨ NJǥǎǪlj˶ǥǎư˿ǖǕǨǓ˝ǎǍ˪ dzǶǷǵ ǫǛǧǗ˝ƶǮljˢ
Ǟ˝Ƴƺ˲ǎǫǥǡNJǘˢǨǪƺǎǪǎưˢǨ ǖǨǛ˭ǥNJǫǘưǪǓˠ˶ǥƸ˲ljư˟ǥǎ ǫǛǧǖǨǖ˲Ǟ˝Ƴƺ˲ǎǖǨưƱˣ˴ǎ Ƹ˲ljư˝ǎ
Ʒǘƶ˰ Ʒƶ˝ Ǟǎ˝ nj ˲ˠ Ǹ ǖNj˰ ǎ˿ ǨǗǎ dzǶǷǵ ǓǥǪljǥ˶ ǎưǘưǀǨƳǖ ǡƶ˰ ǢǨƳǖ ưǎ˝ ǗǨǗǎ ǫǗƶ˟ ǞƳ˝ ƺǎ˲ ưǎ˝
Ǟ˝Ƴƺ˲ǎǖ˝ǎǎˢǥǗ Ƴǎǖ˝ǎǥǗǨưƸ˲ljǪǗǥǧ ǫǛǧǬǘƳǖ˝ǎǪǘˠ˰ǖǪǗǥǧ NJǥǎǎˣ˝ǎƷ˸ǨǎǞǎǑ́ˢǐˡǞǗ
ǪǓǖˠ˰ ǡƶ́ ǡlj˿ NjˢǨǭǎưǘ˿ƶǪnjǓɔ ưǘưǀǨƳǖ ǫǛǧǡƶ˰ ǢǨƳǖ Ǒǐ́ˢ Ǟˡ Ǘnj˲ˠǘǥǪNJ˲Ǘƶ ǢǨǪNJ˲ǗƶǮǖǮ˟ ljˢɎ

84 mºG"ȷǭǵɑNJLJǎˢǜ˳Ʋlj˜ƮǙǣǑǥƬ˔ǑǦƬ˟ƱǜǣLjǣǓǃǜ˱ƬǩLJǒ

ǎǨǗǫǓnjǗ˪ǮǓǟǨǛ ljˠ˝ǎƳˢ˿ǖ ǪǛƱǨǍ˰ưǨǘǡ˸Ǩǎ˝ưƶǨǎǥǨǢǨǘǫǛǧǗǨ ȴǥǗȣȵ
ǏǥưǞ˟Ǩ ưǨǘƷ˝ljƺˣ˶ǥǞ˝Ƴƺ˲ǎNJˢǥƶǖˠ˝ǎǭƷǞ˟ǨǖǨƷǨưǬǘƶƶǨǎǑˢ́ǑǛ˰NJǬljǗNJǘƶ ǪǓˠ˶ǥǐˤǥƶư˝ǎ
Ǟ˝Ƴƺǎ˲ ǐǛǥǖ
Ɏǖ˝ǎǖ˲Ʊ˟ǨǞnjˠ˲ǡ˸ǨƳ˝ƾǖǨưǪǛǗǎǧ ǑǖƷǧǏǥưǭǢˢǪǘˠ˶ǥƶǞ˝Ƴƺ˲ǎ ǘ˝DŽǏǨǛǮnjǗ
Ǯǖ˟ǪƳǗƺˣ˶ǥǞ˝Ƴƺ˲ǎǬƳǞ˰ljƷǨưǗˠ˲ǐ˦ ˞Ǟǎǧ ǎˠ˲ƺˣ˶ǥƷǨưǑˢ́ǑǛ˰NJǬljǗNJǘƶ NJˢǥƶǖǨƷǨưǬǘƶƶǨǎ
ǑǑˢ́ Ǜ˰NJǬljǗNJǘƶ ǥ˝ǎǎǡ˲ˣ Ǩ˸ Ƴ˝ƾǖǨưǪǛǗ ǖǎ˝ NJˢǥƶǖˠǎ˝ ǭƷǭǎƳLj˿ ǕǨǓɎ
ɎǞ˝Ƴƺǎ˲ ǢǛƶ˝ ɓ ǫǛǧǖǎ˝ Ǫǐǎˮ NJ˝ǞƷǘƶ˰ Ǣǘǥ˶ ǪǐǛǨ˟ ǑǛNJ˰ Ʒǘƶ˰ Ǣǘǥ˶ ǪǐǛǨ˟ Ǯǖƶ˟ ǎˣ˝ ǪƷǥ
ǞƳ˝ ƺǎ˲ ǐǛǥǖǪƱǨˢ ǖǨǞ˟ǎ˿ ǞǨǗǮǐǢǖlj Njứ ǮǢǖ ǭǎǘǧǏǏǡǨǖǨǘNjNJǘǞƷǡǥǏǗǥˢ ǎưǛǏ˝ Ǯljˢ
ǫǖˢǫNJ˟Ǟ˝Ƴƺ˲ǎnjˠ˲Ǐǘ˰ƷǨƳǪǥƶ ǡ˝ƶǪưNJǮǢǖǞ˟ǨǪƱǨNJˢǥƶǪǥǨǖǨƷǨưǘ˝DŽǏǨǛư˝Ǐǘ˝DŽǏǨǛ
ǬljǗNJǘƶǪǛǗɎ
ǐǘǧǪlj˭ ǎ ǥǗȣ ƺˠ˴ƶNj́ưǖǥƶǥǎ˿ǖ˝NJ˰Ǟ˝Ƴƺ˲ǎǛ˟ǨƹˢǨ ǎǨǗǫǓnjǗ˪ǮǓǟǨǛ
ǏǥưǞ˟Ǩ ƳǞǨǖƷǘ˰ƶǪǘˠ˶ǥƶǎ˲ˣǥǎ˿ǖ˝NJ˰ǮǐǎǨǎǫǛˢǞ ǫNJ˟NJǛǨljǪǐˮǎƱǥƶǑ́ˢƱǨǗ ǪƱǨNJˢǥƶưǨǘ
Ǫƺǎ˭ ǡƾ˝ ƾǨư˟ǥǎ Nj˴ƶƷǧǗǥǖƱˣǎ˴ njǧǪǏǗ˲ ǎ
ɎǪǐǎˮ Ǫǘˠǥ˶ ƶưǨǘƳˢǨƱǨǗƷǘƶ˰ ɓ ǑǖǏǥưǭǢǎˢ ǧ ǥǗǨ˟ ƶǞ˝Ƴƺǎ˲ ǏǨƶNJ˝Ǟ ǥǗǨ˟ ƶǪƹǎ˟
ǮǔǪƺǥǘ ˪ NjˢǨǪǘǨǪƳǗǮljˢǗǎ˰ ƱǨ˟ Ǟ ǥǗȣ ǥǎǖ˿ NJ˝ ˰ǮǐǎǨǎǖǨưǫǛǞˢ ǎǧ ǓǞưǎǪ˲ˣ ƱǨǘ́Ǟˢ ˟Ǩ lj˲ǖǨǎlj˪
ǖǨưưǞ˟Ǩƺ˝ǓǓǛǨǗǭƹ˟ǮǢǖ NJǛǨljǪǐˮǎƱǥƶǑˢ́ƱǨǗ ǭƹ˟ǮǢǖ ǪǘǨǏǥưǭǢˢǖǨƱˣ˴ǎnjǧǪǏ˲Ǘǎ
ư˭Ǘ˝ƶǮǖ˟ǖǨ NJˢǥƶǪƺ˭ǎǡ˝ƾƾǨư˟ǥǎ Nj˴ƶǗǥǖǖǨƱˣ˴ǎnjǧǪǏ˲Ǘǎ ǪǓǘǨǧǏǘ˰Ǡ˝njǘ́ˢǞ˟Ǩ Ǘ˝ƶǮƶǪǘǨ
ư˭Ʊˣǎ˴ ǮljˢǪǘǞ˭ ǥǗ́ǫ˟ ǛˢǞɎ

ȭ ɎǥǗȣ ǫǛǧưǘǖǞ˰njǗǨǟǨǡNJǘư˪ ǨǘǫǓnjǗɎ˪ Ƴǖ˿ ǪƱǖˢ ƳLj˿ ǕǨǓ ȭ
Ʊˣ˝ǎNJǥǎưǨǘƷ˝ljƺˣ˶ǥǞ˝Ƴƺ˲ǎ Ǐǘ˰Ǡ˝njǑˢ́ǑǛ˰NJǞ˝Ƴƺ˲ǎNJˢǥƶǗˠ˶ǎƱǥƷljnjǧǪǏ˲Ǘǎ
ǡ˸Ǩǎ˝ưƶǨǎƳLjǧưǘǘǖưǨǘǥǨǢǨǘǫǛǧǗǨ Ǣǘ˶ǥ ǥǗȣ ǪǓˠ˶ǥǭǢˢnjǘǨǏǞ˟ǨǑ́ˢǘ˝Ǐǥǎ˿ƾǨNJ
ǎ˸ǨǪƱˢǨǞ˝Ƴƺ˲ǎƳ˶ǥǭƳǘ ǡǨǖǨǘNjNJ˰ljNJǨǖNJǘǞƷǡǥǏǮljˢ ǢǨưǓǏǞ˝Ƴƺ˲ǎǖ˲ǐ˞ƾǢǨ
Ǫ ƹ˰ ƶ Ƴ˿ Lj Ǖ Ǩ Ǔ Ǣ ǘ˶ ǥ Ƴ Ǟ Ǩ ǖ ǐ Ǜ ǥ lj Ǖ˝ Ǘ ǫ Ǜ ǧ NJˣ˝ ƶ Ǒˢ́Ǫ ƹˠ˲ Ǘ Ǟ ƹ Ǩ ƾ Ǫ Ǔˠ˶ ǥ ǐ ǘ ǧ Ǫ ǖ˰ǎ Ǒ Ǜ
njˣ˝ƶǭǎǪǘˠ˶ǥƶƱǥƶƳǞǨǖǐǛǥljǕ˝Ǘ Ƴ˿LjǕǨǓ ǫǛǧǐǘǧǡ˰njǍǑ˰ ǛƱǥƶǞ˝Ƴƺ˲ǎ ǬljǗƳ˸Ǩǎ˴ƶNj˴ƶ
ƳǞǨǖǪǢǖǨǧǡǖư˝ǏƳǎǮnjǗ ưǨǘƱˣ˴ǎnjǧǪǏ˲Ǘǎ ǥǗȣ Ʒ˴ƶư˸ǨǢǎljǭǢˢǑˢ́ǘ˝Ǐǥǎ˿ƾǨNJ
NJˢǥƶǎ˸ǨǪǡǎǥƱˢǥǖ́Ǜ ƳǞǨǖǐǛǥljǕ˝Ǘ ǫǑǎưǨǘǭƹˢ ǫǛǧưǨǘǫưˢǐ˞ƾǢǨǪǖˠ˶ǥǪư˰lj
ǑǛƱˢǨƶǪƳ˲Ǘƶǭlj ɓ ǬljǗǖ˲ǪǥưǡǨǘƹˣ˲ǫƷƶǘǨǗǛǧǪǥ˲ǗljǖǨǗ˶ǎǗ˝ǎ ǡ˟ǞǎưǨǘǐǘǧǪǖ˰ǎ
ljˢǨǎƳǞǨǖǐǛǥljǕ˝Ǘ Ǔ˰ƷǨǘLjǨǑǛưǨǘǟ˴ưǠǨǭǎǡ˝NJǞ˪njljǛǥƶ ǫǛǧƳǞǨǖǐǛǥljǕ˝Ǘ
ǭǎưǛ˟ǖ˿ Ƴǎnj˲ˠǮljˢǘǏ˝ Ǟ˝Ƴƺǎ˲ ǘǧǢǞ˟ǨƶưǨǘnjljǛǥƶ
ǎǨǗǫǓnjǗ˪ǮǓǟǨǛ ǪǛƱǨǍ˰ưǨǘ ǥǗȣ ǏǥưǞ˟Ǩ ǐưNJ˰ư˟ǥǎưǨǘǥǎ˿ǖ˝NJ˰
NjǨˢ ǡƶ˟ ǪǥưǡǨǘƳǘǏ ưǨǘNJǘǞƷǡǥǏƷǧǭƹǪˢ ǞǛǨǕǨǗǭǎ ǴDZ Ǟǎ˝ ȴǐưNJNJ˰ ǥˢ ƶ Dz ǐȵ˳ ǫNJǡ˟ Ǩ˸ ǢǘǏ˝
Ǟ˝Ƴƺǎ˲ ǬƳǞ˰lj ǥǗȣ NJˢǥƶǪǘƶ˟ NJǘǞƷǡǥǏ

mºG"ȷǭǵɑNJLJǎˢǜ˳Ʋlj˜ƮǙǣǑǥƬ˔ǑǦƬ˟ƱǜǣLjǣǓǃǜ˱ƬǩLJǒ 85

Ɏǡ˟ƶƱˢǥǖ́ǛǖǨ ǭǎǪǞǛǨǐưNJ˰ ǪǘǨƷǧǐǘǧǪǖ˰ǎǭƹˢǪǞǛǨǎǨǎ ǥǗ˟Ǩƶnj˲ˠǏǥư
Ʊǥˢ ǖǛ́ ǖǎ˝ ǪǗǥǧljǞˢ Ǘ ǫǛǧNJǥˢ ƶljǛ́ ǧǪǥǗ˲ lj ǖnj˲ ƶˣ˝ ǑǪˢ́ ƹǗ˲ˠ ǞƹǨƾnjǥ˲ˠ Ǘǭ́˟ ǎ ǥǗȣ ǫǛǧǥǗǕ́˟ ǨǗǎǥư
ư˭NJˢǥƶnj˸ǨǮǐ ǭƹˢǪǞǛǨǪư˶ǥǏǐ˳ ǫNJ˟ǎˠ˲ǪǘǨǪǘ˟ƶǥ˝ljnjˣ˝ƶǞ˝ǎnjˣ˝ƶƳ˶ǎ njˠ˲ǑǖǪƳǗǏǥưǥǥưƱ˟ǨǞ
Ǟ˟Ǩǖ˝ǎǪǐˮǎǢǖˠ˶ǎǢǎˢǨǎǧ ǫNJ˟ƷǧǭƹˢǕǨǗǭǎǡǨǖǡ˰ǏǞ˝ǎ ǥ˝ǎǎ˲ˣǓǥǥǎ˿ƾǨNJǐ˿˧Ǐ NJˢǥƶǖ˲
njǧǪǏ˲Ǘǎư˟ǥǎ ǥ˝ǎǎˣ˲ǪƱǨǪǘ˲ǗưưǨǘƱˣ˴ǎnjǧǪǏ˲Ǘǎ ǡ˟ǞǎǪǘˠ˶ǥƶưǨǘƺˣ˶ǥǥǧǮǘnjˣ˝ƶǢǛǨǗ
ưǘǖƳǞǏƳǖ˿ ǬǘƳǪǐǎˮ Ƴǎƺˣǥ˶ Ǔlj́ ƶǨ˟ Ǘ ɓ Ƴǥ˶ ǘDŽ˝ ǏǨǛǪǐǎˮ Ƴǎƺˣǥ˶ ǑǨ˟ ǎljǨ˟ ǎǥǨǢǨǘǫǛǧǗǨ
ǖǎ˝ ǭƹǪˢ ǞǛǨǮǖNj˟ ˴ƶǞ˝ǎǢǘǥư NJǘƶǎǎˣ˝ Ƴǥ˶ ƷǏǫǛǞˢ ǫNJǪ˟ ǘǨNJǥˢ ƶǖǎˠ˝ ǭƷǞǨ˟ ǞƳ˝ ƺǎ˲ njǪ˲ˠ ǥǨǪƱǨˢ ǖǨ
ǖǎ˝ Ǫǐǎˮ ǥ˝ǎǪlj˲ǗǞư˝Ǐnj˲ˠǪǘǨǥǎƾ˿ ǨNJɎ
ǪǛƱǨǍư˰ Ǩǘ ǥǗȣ ǗǨ˺ ǞǨ˟ ƳLj˿ ǕǨǓ ƳǞǨǖǐǛǥljǕǗ˝ ǫǛǧǐǘǧǡnj˰ ǍǑ˰ ǛƱǥƶǞƳ˝ ƺǎ˲
NJˢǥƶǮljˢǖǨNJǘDŽǨǎ ǪǓǘǨǧǞ˝Ƴƺǎ˲ NJˢǥƶǎǨ˸ Ǯǐǭƹưˢ ˝ǏǐǘǧƹǨƹǎƳǎǮnjǗ
ɎǪǞǛǨǪǥǨǮǐǭƹˢ ǪǥǨǮǐǭƹˢư˝ǏǓˠ˲ǎˢǥƶǐǘǧƹǨƹǎƳǎǮnjǗ Ƹǧǎˣ˝ǎnj˿ưǥǗ˟Ǩƶ
NJˢǥƶǖ˲ǖǨNJǘDŽǨǎ ǪǞǛǨnj˸ǨǥǧǮǘ ǪǘǨǮǖ˟Ǘ˟ǥǢǗ˟ǥǎNJ˟ǥǪǘˠ˶ǥƶǎˣ˲Ǫlj˭ljƱǨlj Ǣǘ˶ǥnj˸ǨǮǖ ǥǗȣ
Ǯ ǖ˟ ǭ Ǣˢ ǥ Ǘ˟ Ǩ ƶ Ǭ ǎˢ ǎ ǥ Ǘ˟ Ǩ ƶ ǎ˲ˣ ư˭ ǖ˝ ǎ Ʒ ǧ ǭ Ǣˢ Ǘ˝ ƶ Ǯ ƶ Ǐ Ǩ ƶ nj˲ ǖ˝ ǎ ư˭ NJˢ ǥ ƶ lj́ ǖ Ǩ NJ ǘ DŽ Ǩ ǎ ǡ˟ Ǟ ǎ ǎ˲ˣ
ljˢǞǗǭƹ˟ǮǢǖ Ƴ˶ǥǪǘǨǮǖ˟ǮljˢǎˢǥǗǢǎˢǨǭƳǘ ǪǘǨǡǎ˝Ǐǡǎ˿ǎ ǫNJ˟ǪǘǨǮǖ˟Ǜ˺ǨǪǡˢǎǮǐ ǪǘǨǮǖ˟ǭƹ˟
Ƴ ǎ Ǒ Ǜ˰ NJ Ǫ ǥ ƶ ǭ Ǣˢ Ǫ Ʊˢ Ǩ ǭ Ʒ Ǟ˟ Ǩ Ǐ Ǩ ƶ ǥ Ǘ˟ Ǩ ƶ nj˸ Ǩ Ǯ ǖ Ǯ ǖ˟ ǭ Ǣˢ ǥ˝ ǎ ǎ˲ˣ lj́ lj˲ lj́ ǫ NJ˟ Ʊ˟ Ǩ Ǟ Ǯ ǖ˟ Ǯ ljˢ ǎ ǧ
Ʊˢǥǖ́Ǜnjˠ˲ǪƱǨǡ˟ƶǖǨǭǢˢ ǥǗȣ Nj˶ǥǪǐˮǎƳǞǨǖǛ˝Ǐ ǪǘǨǖ˲Ʊˢǥǖ́ǛǓǞưǎ˲ˣNJˢǥƶǡ˟ƶǖǨƷǘ˰ƶƷ˝ƶ
ǖǨǪǗǥǧǫǗǧ Ǯǖǭ˟ ƹǫ˟ Ƴ˟Ʊǥˢ ǖǛ́ ǫǏǏǪǑǗǫǓǘǪ˟ ǐǎˮ ƱǨ˟ ǞǡǨǘǥǧǮǘǥǗǨ˟ ƶǎɎˣ˲

86 mºG"ȷǭǵɑNJLJǎˢǜ˳Ʋlj˜ƮǙǣǑǥƬ˔ǑǦƬ˟ƱǜǣLjǣǓǃǜ˱ƬǩLJǒ

ǎǨǗǫǓnjǗ˪ǟ˿Ǖư˰Ʒ ǟ˰ǘ˰Ǜ˝ưǠLj˪ ǥǍ˰Ǐlj˲ưǘǖǞ˰njǗǨǟǨǡNJǘ˪ưǨǘǫǓnjǗ˪
ǥǍ˰ǏǨǗƱˣ˝ǎNJǥǎǢǛ˝ƶƷǨưǏǘ˰Ǡ˝njǑˢ́ǑǛ˰NJǞ˝Ƴƺ˲ǎƱˣ˴ǎnjǧǪǏ˲Ǘǎ ǥǗȣǞ˝Ƴƺ˲ǎǫNJ˟ǛǧǛ˭ǥNJ
ưǘǖǞ˰njǗǨǟǨǡNJǘ˪ưǨǘǫǓnjǗ˪NJˢǥƶNJǘǞƷǡǥǏǘ˝Ǐǘǥƶǘ˿˟ǎưǨǘǑǛ˰NJ ƷǨưưǨǘǎ˸ǨǪƱˢǨ
ǭǎǫNJ˟ǛǧǛ˭ǥNJǮǖ˟ǪǢǖ˶ǥǎư˝ǎ ƱLjǧnj˲ˠǐǘǧƹǨƹǎNJˣ˝ƶNJǨǘǥƳǥǗǞ˝Ƴƺ˲ǎ NJˢǥƶǘǧljǖ
nj˲ ǖ NJ ǘ Ǟ Ʒ dz ǵ ƹˠ˝ Ǟ Ǭ ǖ ƶ ǐ ư NJ˰ Ƕ ȼ Ǹ Ǟ˝ ǎ NJ Ǩ ǖ ǘ ǧ Ǐ˿ ǭ ǎ Ƴ˟́ ǖ˶ ǥ Ǫ ǖˠ ˶ ǥ Ǒ˟ Ǩ ǎ Ǫ ư Lj dž˪ ǫ Ǜˢ Ǟ
Ʊˣǎ˝ NJǥǎNJ˟ǥǮǐư˭ǫƷˢƶ ǥǗȣ ǪǓˠǥ˶ Ʊǥǥǎƾ˿ ǨNJǎǨ˸ ǪƱǨˢ

"ƺǬ˰ ǎǫǞƳ ǪǘǨNJǘǞƷǐǘǧǖǨLj dzǵ ƹǞˠ˝ ǬǖƶƷǏ ǬljǗNJǘǞƷǡǥƶǥǗǨ˟ ƶ ǥǗǨ˟ ƶǫǘư
Ƴ˶ǥ NJǘǞƷƳǞǨǖǐǛǥljǕ˝ǗƱǥƶǞ˝Ƴƺ˲ǎ Ǫƹ˟ǎ ǖ˲ǡǨǘǐǎǪǐˣ ˷ǥǎ ǖ˲ǫǏƳnj˲Ǫǘ˲Ǘǐǎ ǖ˲ǘǨǐǎ
ǖ˲ǥǧǮǘǢǘ˶ǥnj˲ˠǖ˝ǎƷǧnj˸Ǩǥ˝ǎNJǘǨǗNJ˟ǥǘ˟ǨƶưǨǗ ǡǨǘǬǛǢǧǢǎ˝ưǪư˰ǎƳ˟ǨǖǨNJǘDŽǨǎ
NjˢǨǪư˰ǎǪǘǨư˭Ǯǖ˟Ǘǥǖ ư˝ǏǥǗ˟Ǩƶnj˲ˠǡǥƶ NJǘǞƷǥ˝NJǛ˝ưǠLj˪ƱǥƶNJ˝ǞǞ˝Ƴƺ˲ǎ ǪƳǛǖǞ˟ǨǞ˝Ƴƺ˲ǎ
ǐǥˤ ƶưǎ˝ Ǭǎǎ˟ ǎǮˠ˲ lj ˢ ǫǛǞˢ ǖǡ˲ ƶ˰ˠ njǞˠ˲ Ǩ˟ Ʒǘƶ˰ ǮǢǖ NJǘǞƷnjˣƶ˝ ǡǥƶǥǗǨ˟ ƶ ǐǘǧǖǨLjǡǏ˰ ưǞǨ˟ ǘǨǗưǨǘ
ǫǛˢǞư˭NJǘǞƷƳ˟Ʊ́ ǎǨǎư˝ǎǮǐɎ
ưǨǘǑǛ˰NJǞ˝Ƴƺ˲ǎǭǎǐǘǧǪnjǟǬljǗǏǘ˰Ǡ˝njǡǗǨǖǮǏǬǥǮƺǪǥǎƺ˪ Ʒ˸Ǩư˝lj
ǎǨǗǫǓnjǗ˪ǟ˿Ǖư˰ƷǏǥưǞ˟Ǩ ưǘǖǞ˰njǗǨǟǨǡNJǘ˪ưǨǘǫǓnjǗ˪Ʒ˝ljǡ˟ƶnj˲ǖǑˢ́Ǫƹ˲ˠǗǞƹǨƾ
NJǘǞƷǡǥǏƳLj˿ ǕǨǓƱǥƶǞ˝Ƴƺǎ˲ ljˢǞǗ
ɎǪǐǎˮ ǑǛƶǨǎǡǞ˟ ǎǢǎƶˠ˴ ƱǥƶǪǘǨǎǧ njǪ˲ˠ ǘǨǮǐƹǞ˟ Ǘljǫ́ ǛǢǛƶ˝ ƷǨưnjǖ˲ˠ ǢǨǞnj˰ ǗǨǛǗ˝
ǥ˥ǥưƺ˪ǔǥǘ˪ljǐǘǧǡƶƳ˪ƷǧNj˟ǨǗnjǥljǪnjƳǬǎǬǛǗ˲ǭǢˢǬǘƶƶǨǎǭǎǪǖ˶ǥƶǮnjǗ ǪǓˠ˶ǥǑǛ˰NJǭƹˢ
ǭ ǎ Ǖ́ ǖ˰ Ǖ Ǩ Ƴ ǎ˲ˣ ǫ ǎ˟ ǎ ǥ ǎ Ǭ ǘ ƶ ƶ Ǩ ǎ Ǫ Ʊ Ǩ NJˢ ǥ ƶ ǖ˲ Ʊ˲ lj Ƴ Ǟ Ǩ ǖ ǡ Ǩ ǖ Ǩ ǘ Nj ǘ ǧ lj˝ Ǐ Ǣ ǎˠ˴ ƶ ǫ NJ˟ Ǟ˟ Ǩ
ǬǘƶƶǨǎǡǗǨǖɔ Ǯǖ˟ǪƳǗnj˸ǨǪǘˠ˶ǥƶǞ˝Ƴƺ˲ǎǖǨư˟ǥǎ Ƹǧǎˣ˝ǎǑǪˢ́ ƹ˲ˠǗǞƹǨƾƱǥƶǪǘǨǪƱˢǨǮǐƹ˟ǞǗ
ǪǗǥǧǖǨưǓǥǡǖƳǞǘ Ǯǐƹ˟ǞǗư˝ǎlj́nj˿ưƱˣ˝ǎNJǥǎ Ƹǧǎˣ˝ǎǮǖ˟ǭƹ˟ǘǥǏǘ˰Ǡ˝njǡǗǨǖɔ
ǑǛ˰NJǫǛˢǞƳ˟ǥǗǖǨNJǘǞƷǛ˭ǥNJǫǏǏǞ˝Ƴƺ˲ǎǥˠ˶ǎ ǪǓǘǨǧNj˶ǥǞ˟ǨǮnjǗnj˸ǨǪǥƶ ǑǛ˰NJǪǥƶ
Ǫ ǘ Ǩ ư˭ Ǯ ǐ ƹ˟ Ǟ Ǘ Ǔ˝ LJ ǎ Ǩ NJˣ˝ ƶ ǫ NJ˟ NJˢ ǎ ǥ˝ ǎ ǎ˲ˣ Ǫ ǐˮ ǎ Ǐ nj Ǐ Ǩ nj ǥ˝ ǎ Ǣ ǎˠ˴ ƶ nj˲ˠ ǡ˸ Ǩ Ƴ˝ ƾ ƺˠ˴ ƶ ǥ Ǩ Ʒ Ʒ ǧ
Ǯǖǖ˟ ǭ˲ Ƴǘǘ́ ˢ ǫNJ˟Ǟ˟ǨǪǘǨNj˶ǥǞ˟ǨǮljˢnj˸ǨɎ

• Ƴ˰ưǥǥǔnjˠ˝ǞǐǘǧǪnjǟ Ǟ˝ǎnjˠ˲ Ǹ ǖNj˰ ǎ˿ ǨǗǎ dzǶǷǵ ȭ
Ƹlj˲ Ǟ˝Ƴƺǎ˲ ǞǨǘǧǫǢƶ˟ ƹǨNJ˰
Dzdz ǖ˲ǎǨƳǖ dzǶǷǵ Ǐǘ˰ǪǞLjNJ˴ưǡ˝ǎNJ˰ǮǖNJǘ˲ nj˸ǨǪǎ˲ǗǏǘ˝DŽǏǨǛ ǟǨǡNJǘǨƷǨǘǗ˪
ǎǨǗǫǓnjǗǗ˪ ƶ Ǖ˟Ǟ́ ǘǞǘǘLj ǢǞ˝ ǢǎǨˢ ǟǎ́ ǗǪ˪ ƹǗˠ˲ ǞƹǨƾǪƸǓǨǧnjǨƶljˢǨǎǮǞǘǡ˝ Ǟ˰njǗǨƳǛ˰ǎư˰
ƳLjǧǫǓnjǗǟǨǡNJǘ ˪ Ʒ˿ǣǨǛƶưǘLjǖ˪ ǢǨǞ˰njǗǨǛ˝Ǘ ǫǛǧnj˲ˠǐǘư˴ ǠǨǡNjǨǎưǨǘLjǬ˪ ƳǞ˰lj DzǺ
Ǫǐǎˮ ǑƸˢ́ lj˲ ǞƳ˝ ƺǎ˲ ǫǥǡNJǘǨˢ ǪƺǎǪǎưǨˢ ǭǢưˢ Ǐ˝ ǓǛǪǥưǐǘǧǗnj˿ Ǎ ˪ Ʒǎ˝ njǘǬ˪ ǥƹǨ ǎǨǗưǘDŽ˝ ǖǎNJǘ˲
Ǫǐǎˮ ƳǎǫǘưƱǥƶǮnjǗ ǪǓˠǥ˶ ǡǘǨˢ ƶƳǞǨǖǪƹˠǥ˶ ǖˠǎ˝ Ǟ˟ǨƸlj˲ Ǟ˝Ƴƺǎ˲ nj˲ˠǖƳ˲ ǞǨǖǐǛǥljǕ˝Ǘ
DzDz ǓǙǠǕǨƳǖ dzǶǷǵ ǎǨǗưǘDŽ˝ ǖǎNJǘǬ˲ ǓǡNJƱ˪ ǥˢ ƳǞǨǖǑǨ˟ ǎǪǔƺǏư˿˥ ƱǥƶNJǞ˝ Ǫǥƶ
Ǫƹ˰ƾƹǞǎǐǘǧƹǨƹǎƸ˲ljǞ˝Ƴƺ˲ǎ ǫǛǧǐǘǧưǨǟǭǢˢưǨǘƸ˲ljǞ˝Ƴƺ˲ǎ ǪǐˮǎǞǨǘǧǫǢ˟ƶƹǨNJ˰
ƱǥƶǐǘǧǪnjǟǮnjǗ ǬljǗǖǫ˲ ǑǎƷlj˝ ǢǨnjƶˣ˝ ǭǎǘǧǗǧǗǨǞ ǫǛǧǘǧǗǧƸư˿ ǪƸǎ˰ Ǔǘǥˢ ǖǭǢƳˢ Ǩ˸ ǖǎˠ˝

mºG"ȷǭǵɑNJLJǎˢǜ˳Ʋlj˜ƮǙǣǑǥƬ˔ǑǦƬ˟ƱǜǣLjǣǓǃǜ˱ƬǩLJǒ 87

ƷǧǮǖǢ˟ Ǘlj˿ Ʒlj˝ ǢǨǞƳ˝ ƺǎ˲ ǫǛǧƷlj˝ ǢǨǭǢƳˢ ǘǏ DzǶDZ ǛǨˢ ǎǬljǡ ǫǛǧǞǎ˝ nj ˲ˠ Ǹ ǖNj˰ ǎ˿ ǨǗǎ dzǶǷǵ
ǟǎ́ ǗƸ˪ lj˲ ǞƳ˝ ƺǎ˲ ưǛǨƶǏǨƶƺˠǥ˶ ưǘ˿ƶǪnjǓɔ ǟǎ́ ǗƸ˪ lj˲ ǞƳ˝ ƺǎ˲ ǭǢƾnj˟ ǡˠ˲ lj˿ ƱǥƶǮnjǗ Ǫǘǖˠ˰ ǐǂǏ˰ NJ˝ ư˰ Ǩǘ
Ƹlj˲ Ǟ˝Ƴƺǎ˲ ǞǨǘǧǫǢƶ˟ ƹǨNJ˰ǥǗǨ˟ ƶǪǐǎˮ njǨƶưǨǘǓǘǥˢ ǖư˝ǏƷ˝ƶǢǞ˝ljNJ˟Ǩƶ ɓ njˠ˝ǞǐǘǧǪnjǟ

ǎǨǗǫǓnjǗ˪Ǫư˲ǗǘNJ˰Ǖ́ǖ˰ ǐǛ˝ljưǘǧnjǘǞƶǡǨǍǨǘLjǡ˿Ʊ ǏǥưǞ˟Ǩ ƹ˟Ǟƶǫǘư
ǫǑǎưǨǘƸlj˲ ǞƳ˝ ƺǎ˲ njǨ˸ ǮljƷˢ Ǩ˸ ǎǞǎǮǖǖ˟ Ǩư Ǫǎˠǥ˶ ƶƷǨưǞƳ˝ ƺǎ˲ ǖǎ˲ ǥˢ Ǘ ǐǘǧǖǨLj dz ǛǨˢ ǎǬljǡ
ɎƸlj˲ ǮǖǮ˟ ljˢǖǨưǎư˝ ǢǘǥưǪǓǘǨǧǞ˟Ǩǖǎ˲ ǨƳǖ ǪǖǠǨǗǎ ǡǥƶǪlj˶ǥǎ ǪǘǨǖǞ˲ ˝Ƴƺǎ˲
ǐ ǘ ǧ ǖ Ǩ Lj ƺ˝ ư ǡ ǥ ƶ Ǜˢ Ǩ ǎ Ǭ lj ǡ Ǫ nj˟ Ǩ ǎˣ˝ ǎ Ǫ ǥ ƶ Ʊ Lj ǧ ǎˣ˝ ǎ NJ ǥ ǎ ǎˣ˝ ǎ Ǒ ǖ ǖ˲ ǫ ǎ Ǟ Ƴ Ǟ Ǩ ǖ Ƴ˰ lj
Ǫǡǎǥnj˟ǨǎǎǨǗưɔ ǮǐǞ˟Ǩ ǪǘǨƷǧƸ˲ljnj˲ˠǪǐˮǎǏǘ˰ǪǞLjǪǡˠ˲Ǘƶ ǡǖǖNJ˰Ǟ˟ǨƸ˲ljǮljˢǡǥƶǛˢǨǎǬljǡ
NJǥǎǎǎˣ˝ Ƴ˰ljǞ˟Ǩǥ˰ǖǖǎ́ ǎNJ˰ ˣ˲ƷǧǪưlj˰ NjˢǨǮljˢƺư˝ ǶDZȼǷDZʃ Ƹlj˲ nj˲ˠǡǖnj˿ ǘǡǨƳǘ ưǘ˿ƶǪnjǓɔ ǫǛǧ
nj˲ˠư˸ǨǛ˝ƶǘǧǏǨljǥˠ˶ǎ ɓ ǫNJ˟ǫǛˢǞǭǎnj˲ˠǡlj˿ ư˭nj˸ǨǮǖǮ˟ ljˢ NJˢǥƶƸlj˲ ƳǎǢǖǖ˟́ ǨưɎ
ǎǨǗǫǓnjǗ˪ǬǥǕǨǡ ưǨǘǗ˪ưǞ˰ǎǓƶǟ˪ ǥǍ˰Ǐlj˲ưǘǖƳǞǏƳ˿ǖǬǘƳ ǪǢ˭ǎǞ˟Ǩ ǮnjǗ
Ǯǖ˟ǡǨǖǨǘNjǑǛ˰NJǞ˝Ƴƺ˲ǎǪǥƶǮljˢ ƱLjǧnj˲ˠƳǞǨǖNJˢǥƶưǨǘǞ˝Ƴƺ˲ǎǖ˲njˠ˝ǞǬǛư ǪǐˮǎǮǐǮǖ˟Ǯljˢ
njˠ˲ǏǘǠ˰ ˝njǑǑ́ˢ Ǜ˰NJƷǧƷ˝ljǡǘǘǞ˝Ƴƺǎ˲ nj˲ˠǡˠƶ˝ ƺˣǥ˶ ǭǎƷ˸ǨǎǞǎǖǨư ɓ ǭǎƳǘǨǞǪlj˲ǗǞư˝ǎ
ɎǞ˝Ƴƺ˲ǎǬƳǞ˰lj ǐǘǧǪnjǟnjˠ˝ǞǬǛưNJˢǥƶưǨǘǢǖlj ǡǖǖNJ˰ǐǘǧǪnjǟǑˢ́ǑǛ˰NJ
ǪǐˮǎǥǪǖǘ˰ưǨ ǪƱǨǑǛ˰NJǮljˢǘˢǥǗǪǐǥǘ˪Ǫƺ˭ǎNJ˪ ǪƱǨƷǧǭǢˢǐǘǧǪnjǟǮnjǗ ǶDZʃ Ǣǘ˶ǥǪǐǛ˟Ǩ
Ǯǖ˟ǖ˲njǨƶ ǥǗ˟ǨƶǪư˟ƶư˭ǭǢˢǫƳ˟Ǫǐǥǘ˪Ǫƺ˭ǎNJ˪Ǫlj˲ǗǞ ƶˣ˝ǎǞ˝Ƴƺ˲ǎư˭Ǯǖ˟ǖ˲njǨƶnjˠ˲ǪǘǨƷǧǮljˢǪǗǥǧ ɓ
Ǯǖ˟ǖ˲njǨƶ Ǯǖ˟ǮljˢǑǛ˰NJǪǥƶ Ǯǖ˟ǮljˢǪǥǨNJ˝ƶƳ˪ǭǢˢǪƱǨǛ˟ǞƶǢǎˢǨ ǫǛǧNjˢǨǞ˝ǎǎˣ˝ǎǪǥǨNJ˝ƶƳ˪
ǭǢˢǛ˟ǞƶǢǎˢǨ ǫǛˢǞǞ˝Ƴƺ˲ǎǮǖ˟ǡ˸ǨǪǘ˭Ʒ ƷǧǪǐˮǎǥǗ˟ǨƶǮǘ ǪƱǨư˭Ǯǖ˟Ƴ˶ǎNJ˝ƶƳ˪ ǥǗ˟Ǩƶǎˣ˲ƳǎǮnjǗ
Ǘǥǖǘ˝ǏǮljˢǮǢǖ NJǥǎǎ˲ˣǏǥưǗǥǖǘ˝ǏǮljˢǪǓǘǨǧǞ˟Ǩǖ˝ǎǪǛǗǖǨǫǛˢǞ ǫNJ˟NjˢǨǪǢNJ˿ưǨǘLj˪
NJǥǎǎˣǎ˝ ǭƳǘƷǧǮǐǗǥǖǘǏ˝ Ǯǖǖ˟ nj˲ ǨƶɎ

88 mºG"ȷǭǵɑNJLJǎˢǜ˳Ʋlj˜ƮǙǣǑǥƬ˔ǑǦƬ˟ƱǜǣLjǣǓǃǜ˱ƬǩLJǒ

ǡNjǨǎưǨǘLj˪njˠ˲ǐǘǧǪnjǟǮnjǗǖ˲Ǟ˝Ƴƺ˲ǎǭǎƷ˸ǨǎǞǎƷ˸Ǩư˝lj ǎǨǗǫǓnjǗ˪ǬǥǕǨǡ
ǥǍ˰ǏǨǗǞ˟Ǩ nj˸ǨǭǢˢǮǖ˟ǡǨǖǨǘNjƸ˲ljƳǘǏnj˿ưƳǎ ǫǑǎưǘǧƷǨǗǞ˝Ƴƺ˲ǎNJˢǥƶưǘǧƷǨǗ
ǭǢˢnjˠ˝ǞNj˴ƶư˝ǎ ǬljǗǪƸǓǨǧƹ˟Ǟƶnjˠ˲Ǟ˝Ƴƺ˲ǎǖ˲ǎˢǥǗ Ǫǖˠ˶ǥǞ˝Ƴƺ˲ǎǖ˲ǖǨưƱˣ˴ǎƷǧưǘǧƷǨǗǮljˢ
ǥǗǨ˟ ƶǪǓǗ˲ ƶǓǥ ǫNJ˟ǡǞ˟ ǎǭǢƾǓ˟ ǗǨǗǨǖǢǨǞ˝Ƴƺǎ˲ njˣ˝ƶǗǖ˶ Ǟ˝Ƴƺǎ˲ ƱǥǏǘƷ˰ ǨƳ Ʊǥƺˣǥ˶ ǪǓǖˠ˰
ǫǛǧǥǥˢ ǎǞǥǎǪƱǨ njǨ˸ ǭǢƷˢ Ǩ˸ ǎǞǎǞƳ˝ ƺǎ˲ ǖǖ˲ ǨưưǞǨ˟ ǫǑǎnjư˿ Ƴǘƶˣ˝ ǡǨǖǨǘNjưǘǧƷǨǗǞƳ˝ ƺǎ˲
Ǯljˢlj˲ưǞ˟ǨǫǑǎnjư˿ Ƴǘˣƶ˝ nj˲ˠ ǟǏƳȣ ư˸ǨǢǎlj
ɎǑǖǘ́ǡˢ ư˴ ǪǘǨưǘǧƷǨǗǞƳ˝ ƺǎ˲ Ǯljǡˢ ǥljƳǛǥˢ ƶNJǨǖǡNjǨǎưǨǘLjǎ˪ ǧ NJǥǎnjǞ˲ˠ Ƴ˝ ƺǎ˲
ǖǨǖǨưƱˣǎ˴ Ǫlj˶ǥǎǖNj˰ ǎ˿ ǨǗǎ ǬǘƳǖǎ˝ ǘǧǏǨljǖǨưǭǎưǘ˿ƶǪnjǓɔ ǥǗǨ˟ ƶǫǘƶǪǛǗ ưǑ˭ Ǜư˝ lj˝ǎ
ǭǢˢƸ˲ljǮljˢNJǨǖǪǐˤǨ ǪǘǨƸ˲ljưǘ˿ƶǪnjǓɔ ǫǛǧǐǘ˰ǖLjdžǛ ƹǛǏ˿ǘ˲ ǘǧǗǥƶ ƺˠ˴ƶǪǐˮǎƷ˝ƶǢǞ˝lj
ǪƱNJǪǟǘǠDŽưƷ˰ ƳǎǥǗǢ́˟ ǎǨǫǎǎ˟ ǡǞ˟ ǎNJǨ˟ ƶƷƶ˝ ǢǞlj˝ Ǘƶ˝ ǖǑ˲ ǐ́ˢ Ǟˡ Ǘǎǥˢ Ǘ ǥǗǨ˟ ƶǪƹǎ˟ ǢǎǥƶƳǨǗ
ǡNjǨǎưǨǘLj˪Ǘ˝ƶǮǖ˟ǘǧǏǨlj ǫǛˢǞƷǧǮǐƸ˲ljǪǗǥǧnj˸ǨǮǖ ǪǓǘǨǧƸ˲ljǪǘ˭ǞǕ́ǖ˰ư˭NJưǪǘ˭Ǟ
ƳǎǢǎǥƶƳǨǗǬǞǗǞ˟ǨǪƱǨǮǖǮ˟ ljˢƸlj˲ Ǟ˝Ƴƺǎ˲ ǥǗǨ˟ ƶǎǪˣ˲ ǐǎˮ NJˢǎ ǫNJ˟NJ˟ǥǖǨư˭ǪƱǨˢ ǭƷɎ
ǢǛ˝ưưǨǘƸ˲ljǞ˝Ƴƺ˲ǎ ǥǍ˰Ǐlj˲ưǘǖƳǞǏƳ˿ǖǬǘƳǥǍ˰ǏǨǗǞ˟ǨNJˢǥƶlj́nj˲ˠ Ǣǎˠ˴ƶ
ǐǘǧǡnj˰ ǍǕ˰ ǨǓ ǡǥƶ ƳǞǨǖǐǛǥljǕǗ˝ ǡǨǖ ǡNjǨǎưǨǘLjư˪ ǨǘǘǧǏǨlj ǫǛǧǡ ˠ˲ ƳǞǨǖǪǐǎˮ ǮǐǮljˢ
ǭǎưǨǘǏǘǢ˰ ǨǘƷ˝ljưǨǘ ǫNJ˟ƳǎǡǞ˟ ǎǭǢƾƷ˟ ǧljǫ́ Ƴ˟ǐǘǧǡnj˰ ǍǕ˰ ǨǓư˝ǏƳǞǨǖǐǛǥljǕ˝Ǘ
ɎǮǖlj˟ ǡ́ ǥƶƱǥˢ ǢǛƶ˝ NjǨˢ ǬǘƳǖǎ˝ Ǯǖǘ˟ ǧǏǨljǫǛǞˢ ǪǘǨǮǐƸlj˲ ǞƳ˝ ƺǎ˲ ǖǎ˝ ưǮ˭ ǖǪ˟ ǢǖǨǧǡǖ
NJǞ˝ ǥǗǨ˟ ƶnjǪˠ˲ Ǣǎ˭ Ƴǥ˶ ǥǪǖǘư˰ ǨưǏ˝ ǥǡ˰ ǘǨǪǥǛnjǏ˲ˠ ǥưƸlj˲ ǮǐǪǗǥǧ Ǫǐǎˮ ǥǗǨ˟ ƶǮǘ ưǨǘǘǧǏǨljưǪ˭ Ǘǥǧ
ǪǓǘǨǧǪƱǨƸlj˲ ƱLjǧnj˲ˠǗƶ˝ Ǯǖǘ˟ ǧǏǨlj Ǔǥǖư˲ ǨǘǘǧǏǨljǕǖ́ Ƴ˰ ˢǖ˿ ư˝ǎư˭ǛljǫǛˢǞ ǪǛǗNJ˰ljǪƹˣǥ˶ Ɏ

ȭ ǐ́Ǔǘǖ DzdzDZ Ǟ˝ǎ Ǫǐlj˱ ǐǘǧǪnjǟǮǖư˟ ˝ưNJ˝Ǟ ȭ
DzǷ ǖ˰Nj˿ǎǨǗǎ dzǶǷǵ ǓǛǪǥưǐǘǧǗ˿njǍ˪ ǎǨǗưǘ˝DŽǖǎNJǘ˲ ǫNjǛƶǑ˟Ǩǎ
ưǨǘNj˟ǨǗnjǥljǡljnjǨƶǡNjǨǎ˲Ǭnjǘnj˝ǟǎ˪njˠ˝ǞǐǘǧǪnjǟư˝ǏǪǐˤǨǢǖǨǗNJˢǥƶǪǐ˱ljǐǘǧǪnjǟ
ǕǨǗǭǎǪǞǛǨ DzdzDZ Ǟ˝ǎ ǫǖǘˢ ́ljˢ ˲Ǟ˟ǨưǨǘNJ˝ljǡǎ˰ ǭƷǞ˝ǎǎˣǎ˝ ǖǨǓǘǥˢ ǖư˝ǏƳǞǨǖǪǡǗˠ˲ ƶ
ɎǪǘǨǮǖ˟ǡǨǖǨǘNjǘǥƷǎǮǞǘ˝ǡǎ˲ˣǢǖljǮǐƷǨưǬǛư ǫǛǧǪǘǨư˭Ǯǖ˟ǡǨǖǨǘNjǘǥ
Ʒǎnjư˿ ƳǎǮljˢǘǏ˝ ưǨǘƸlj˲ Ǟ˝Ƴƺǎ˲ ƳǘǏ dz Ǭljǡưǎ˝ NjˢǞǎǢǎǨˢ ưǥ˟ ǎ ǫǛǞˢ Ʒ˴ƶƳ˟ǥǗǪǐlj˱ ǐǘǧǪnjǟ
ǡˠ˰ƶnj˲ˠǪǘǨNJˢǥƶnj˸Ǩư˭Ƴ˶ǥ ǪǘǨNJˢǥƶǪǘ˲Ǘǎǘ́ˢnj˲ˠƷǧǥǗ́˟ư˝Ǐǖ˝ǎǭǢˢǮljˢǪǢǖ˶ǥǎư˝ǏǬǘƳǕ˝Ǘǥˠ˶ǎ ɓ
Ʒ˝ lj ư Ǩ ǘ Ǭ Ƴ Ǟ˰ lj ǭ Ǣˢ ǥ Ǘ́˟ ǭ ǎ ǘ ǧ lj˝ Ǐ njˠ˲ Ƴ Ǟ Ǐ Ƴ˿ ǖ Ǯ ljˢ ǫ Ǜ ǧ ǭ Ǣˢ Ǔ˲ˠ ǎˢ ǥ ƶ ǐ ǘ ǧ ƹ Ǩ ƹ ǎ ǡ Ǩ ǖ Ǩ ǘ Nj
ưǛ˝ǏǥǥưǖǨnj˸ǨǖǨǢǨư˰ǎư˝ǎǮljˢǥ˲ưƳǘˣƶ˝ Ɏ
Ƴ˸ǨǐǘǧưǨǟƱǥƶǎǨǗưǘDŽ˝ ǖǎNJǘǖ˲ ǨǓǘǥˢ ǖưǏ˝ ǫǑǎǐ́ǓǘǖưǘǧƷǨǗƸlj˲ Ǟ˝Ƴƺǎ˲
ǭǢưˢ Ǐ˝ ƳǎǮnjǗǪƱǖ˭ ǫǘưǭǢǮˢ ljˢ ǶDZ ǛǨˢ ǎƳǎ Ǔǘǥˢ ǖnjljǛǥƶǎǨ˸ ǘǥ˟ ƶǪǐlj˱ ǐǘǧǪnjǟǬljǗǮǖǖ˟ ˲
ưǨǘư˝ưNJ˝ǞǫǏǏǖ˲Ǫƶˠ˶ǥǎǮƱNJǨǖǫǑǎǕ́Ǫư˭NJǫƺǎlj˪Ǐ˭ǥưƺ˪ Ʒ˝ƶǢǞ˝ljǕ́Ǫư˭NJǪǖ˶ǥƶnj˟ǥƶǪnj˲ˠǗǞ
Ǫǐǎˮ Ǔˣǎ˶ njˠ˲ǎǨ˸ ǘǥ˟ ƶǫǢƶ˟ ǫǘư Ǫǐlj˱ NJ˝ǞǪǖˠǥ˶ Ǟ˝ǎnjˠ˲ Dz ưǘưǀǨƳǖ dzǶǷǵ NJˢǥǎǘǏ˝ ǎư˝ Ǫlj˰ǎnjǨƶ
ƷǨưNJǨ˟ ƶǐǘǧǪnjǟnjƸˠ˲ lj˲ ǞƳ˝ ƺǎ˲ ƳǘǏǬljǡ ǫǛǧǫǡljƶǑǛNJǘǞƷǮǖǓ˟ ǏǪƹˣǥ˶ ǪƱǨˢ ǖǨnjǥ˟ ƶǪnjǗ˲ˠ Ǟ
ǬljǗǮǖư˟ ˝ưNJ˝Ǟ

mºG"ȷǭǵɑNJLJǎˢǜ˳Ʋlj˜ƮǙǣǑǥƬ˔ǑǦƬ˟ƱǜǣLjǣǓǃǜ˱ƬǩLJǒ 89

ǎǨǗǫǓnjǗǪ˪ ưǗ˲ ǘNJ˰Ǖǖ́ ˰ ǐǛlj˝ ưǘǧnjǘǞƶǡǨǍǨǘLjǡƱ˿ ǪǛǨ˟ Ǟ˟Ǩ Ǫlj˶ǥǎưǘưǀǨƳǖ
dzǶǷǵ Ǫǘˠ˰ǖǐ́ǓǘǖƸ˲ljǞ˝Ƴƺ˲ǎ ǷDZ ǛˢǨǎƳǎ ǷDZ ǛˢǨǎǪƱ˭ǖ Ǯǖ˟Ǔǥƺˣ˶ǥǪǓ˰ˠǖ ǷDZ ǛˢǨǎǬljǡ
ǐǘǧưǨǟǞ˟ǨǪǘǨƷǧƸlj˲ ǷDZ ǛˢǨǎǪƱǖ˭ ǥ˲ư ǷDZ ǛˢǨǎǬljǡƷǧǪƱǨˢ ǖǨư˭Ƹlj˲ ǭǢƳˢ ǘǏ
ɎǪǘǨƸlj˲ ǞƳ˝ ƺǎ˲ NJlj˰ Dz ǭǎ DzDZ ƱǥƶǬǛưǎǧƳǘǏ˝ NJǥǎǢǛƶ˝ ǪǘǨNjứ ǪǞǗ˲ ljǎǨǖǫƺƶ
ǪǓǘǨǧǪǘǨǪǘˠ˰ǖǢǨƳǎǖǨƸ˲ljǗǨư ǪǘǨƸ˲ljǞ˝Ƴƺ˲ǎǮljˢƳ˟ǥǎƱˢǨƶǪǘ˭Ǟ NJǥǎǎˣ˝ǎƸ˲ljǮljˢǞ˝ǎǛǧ
ǪǐˮǎǛˢǨǎƳǎ Nj˶ǥǞ˟ǨƸ˲ljǮljˢlj˲ ǫNJ˟ǥǗ˟ǨƶǮǘư˭NJǨǖ ư˭Ƹ˲ljǮǐ Ǟ˝Ƴƺ˲ǎǪǘǨǖ˲ǖǨ NJǥǎǎˣ˝ǎ
ǖ˲ưǨǘǏǘ˰ǢǨǘƷ˝ljưǨǘǞ˝Ƴƺ˲ǎǎǧ Ǫǎˠ˶ǥƶƷǨưǖǨưǘǧnj˟ǥǎưǘǧǫnj˟ǎǪǢǖ˶ǥǎư˝ǎ ǫNJ˟ǪǘǨ
ǏǘǢ˰ ǨǘǮljˢǖǐ˲ ǘǧǡnj˰ ǍǕ˰ ǨǓ ǪǘǗ˲ ưǞ˟ǨǞ˝Ƴƺǎ˲ ǪǘǨǮǖǪ˟ ƳǗƱǨljǪǛǗ ǖnj˲ ˠ˲ǥǨƷƷǧǓǘǥ˟ ƶǮǐǏǨˢ ƶ
ǫNJ˟Ǟ˟ǨǮǖǮ˟ ljˢƱǨlj Ʒǎưǘǧnjˠ˝ƶǪlj˶ǥǎǍǎ˝ ǞǨƳǖǪǘǖˠ˰ ǖǬ˲ ǥǖƳ˰ ǘǥǎǪƱǨˢ ǖǨ ǪƳǡǫǘư ɓ ǪƱǨˢ ǖǨ
Ǎǎ˝ ǞǨƳǖɎ
ưǨǘƸ˲ljǞ˝Ƴƺ˲ǎǭǎǫNJ˟ǛǧǞ˝ǎ ưǞ˟ǨƷǧƸ˲ljǮljˢǫNJ˟ǛǧǪƱ˭ǖ ǎǨǗǫǓnjǗ˪Ǫư˲ǗǘNJ˰Ǖ́ǖ˰
ǪǐǘǗ˲ ǏǪǐǘǗǪǢǖǥ˶ ǎǪǗǏ˭ ưǘǧnjƶnj˲ǛǧǭǏ
ɎǪǘǨƸlj˲ Ǟ˝Ƴƺǎ˲ Ǫǐǎˮ DzDzǹ ǛǨˢ ǎǬljǡǎǧ Ƹlj˲ nj˲ǛǧǪƱǖ˭ Ǘƶ˝ ǮǖǪ˟ Ǣǎ˭ ǖǭ˲ ƳǘǖǨƹˠǎ˶ ƹǖ
Ƹ˲ljǮǖ˟nj˝ǎ lj˟ǨǪƹ˭ljǪǛǗ nj˲ǛǧǪƱ˭ǖǥ˟ǧ nj˟ǨǎƳ˰ljlj́ ǪǘǨNJˢǥƶƳ˰ljǪǐǘ˲ǗǏǪnj˲ǗǏư˝ǏǥǧǮǘǛ˟ǧ
nj˸Ǩnj˲Ǜǧƹˣ˰ǎǥ˟ǧ ǪǢǖ˶ǥǎnj˟ǨǎǪǗ˭Ǐưǘǧnjƶnj˲ǛǧǭǏ ǪǐˮǎƶǨǎǫǦǎlj˪ǪǖljǮljˢ DzDzǹ ǛˢǨǎ
DzDzǹ ǛǨˢ ǎǖǎ˝ ǖǨưǖǨǗǖǢǨǟǨǛƱǎǨljǮǢǎ ǭǎǘǧǗǧǪǞǛǨǮǖǭ˟ ƹǗ˟ ǡ˲ˠ Ǐ˰ ǐǎ˳ ǧ ǭǎǪǞǛǨǮǖNj˟ ƶ˴ ǐɎ˳
ǎǨǗǫǓnjǗǡ˪ Ǫ˿ njǓ ǢǞ˝ ǢǎǨˢ ǑNJˢ́ ǘǞƷǘǨƹưǨǘưǘǧnjǘǞƶǡǨǍǨǘLjǡƱ˿ ưǨ˸ ưǏ˝ ljǫ́ Ǜ
Ǫǘ˟ƶǘ˝lj ưǨǘƸ˲ljǞ˝Ƴƺ˲ǎ ǭǎǓˣ˶ǎnj˲ˠǪǛ˟ǨǐǘǧǡǏưǨǘLj˪ ư˝ǏǪǐˤǨǢǖǨǗƸ˲ljǞ˝Ƴƺ˲ǎǪƱ˭ǖǫǘư
DzDZDZ ǛˢǨǎǬljǡ Ǣǘǥ˶ ǸDZʃ ǕǨǗǭǎǪlj˶ǥǎǍǎ˝ ǞǨƳǖǐ ˳ dzǶǷǵ

90 mºG"ȷǭǵɑNJLJǎˢǜ˳Ʋlj˜ƮǙǣǑǥƬ˔ǑǦƬ˟ƱǜǣLjǣǓǃǜ˱ƬǩLJǒ

ɎǖNj˰ ˿ǎǨǗǎ Ǟ˝Ƴƺǎ˲ ǖǨǎǥˢ ǗƸlj˲ Ǣǖlj ǫNJ˟ǓǥǞ˝Ƴƺ˲ǎǪǘ˰ˠǖǖǨǪǗǥǧƱˣǎ˴ ư˝ǎǗǨǗǎ
Njƶ˴ NJǛ˿ ǨƳǖ ǪǘǨƸlj˲ ǮljǪˢ ǐǎˮ dzDZ ǛǨˢ ǎǬljǡ ǫNJǓ˟ ǥǓǙǟƷư˰ ǨǗǎ Ǎǎ˝ ǞǨƳǖ ǞƳ˝ ƺǎ˲ ǖǨǖǨưǫǛǞˢ
ǫNJ˟Ǟ˟ǨƳǎƸ˲ljǎˢǥǗǛƶǪǢǛ˶ǥǡ˰ǏưǞ˟ǨǛˢǨǎ ǫNJ˟Ǟ˟Ǩǖ˝ǎư˭ǮljˢNJǨǖǪǐˤǨ DzDZDZ ǛˢǨǎǬljǡǫǛˢǞ
ư˭ ǸDZʃ ƱǥƶǪƱ˭ǖǫǘư ǪǐˮǎǪǐˤǨnjˠ˲ǪǘǨNJˣ˝ƶǮǞˢǭǎǐ˳njˠ˲ǫǛˢǞ ǪǓǘǨǧƸǧǎˣ˝ǎNJǘƶǎ˲ˣ Ǔǥƹ˟Ǟƶ
ǓǙǟƷư˰ ǨǗǎȼǍǎ˝ ǞǨƳǖ Ƴǥ˶ njư˿ ǪƱNJNJǥˢ ƶǖǨǎƶˠ˝ ǮǛǏ˟ ưˣ˲ ǎ˝ ǞǨ˟ ǫNJǛ˟ ǧƷƶ˝ ǢǞlj˝ Ǯlj ˢ ǸDZʃ Ǣǘǥ˶ Ǘƶ˝
NjˢǨƷ˝ƶǢǞ˝ljǗƶ˝ ǮǖǮ˟ ljˢ NJˢǥƶǮǐƷ˝ljưǨǘǥǗǨ˟ ƶǮǘɎ
ɎǏǨƶƷ˝ƶǢǞ˝ljǏǥưƷǘ˰ƶ ɓ Ƹ˝ǎǎ˟ǧNj˴ƶǫǛˢǞ ǫNJ˟ ƳǘȣǮǖ˟ǘ́ˢǮǐǪǥǨNJ˝ǞǪǛƱNJ˝ǞǢǨǘ
ǖǨƷǨưǮǢǎ ǐǘǧƹǨưǘƸ˝ǎǖ˲ǥǗ́˟ǭǎƷ˝ƶǢǞ˝ljǢˢǨǫǡǎ ǮǐǪǥǨNJ˝ǞǢǨǘǢưǫǡǎ ǪƱǨǪǛǗ
Ǯ ǖ˟ Nj˴ ƶ ǡ˝ ư nj˲ ư˭ lj˲ Ǫ Ǐ nj ư˝ ǎ Ǣ Ǜ Ǩ Ǘ ǥ˝ ǎ ǫ NJ˟ Ǟ˟ Ǩ ǡ˿ lj njˢ Ǩ Ǘ Ǫ ǘ Ǩ Ǔ Ǘ Ǩ Ǘ Ǩ ǖ lj́ ǡ˟ ǥ ƶ lj́ Ǟ˟ Ǩ ư Ǜ˟˿ ǖ
njˠ˲ǖ˝ǎǪƱˢǨǮǖ˟Nj˴ƶǥǗ˟ǨƶǎˢǥǗǪǘǨƳǞǘnj˸ǨǭǢˢǪƱǨǪƱˢǨNj˴ƶǭǢˢǮljˢ ưǛ˟˿ǖnj˲ˠǛ˝ƶǪǛư˭ǬǥǪƳ ư˭ǮǐƳ˿Ǘ
ǮǐǬǎǖˢ ǎǨˢ Ǟ ǫNJ˟ưǛ˟ǖ˿ NJ˟ǥNJˢǨǎǞ˝Ƴƺǎ˲ Ʒǘƶ˰ ɓ ǭǎǏǨˢ ǎǪǘǨǖǮ˲ ǖǖ˟ ǨưɎ
ǎǨǗǫǓnjǗ˪ǬǥǕǨǡ ǥǍ˰Ǐlj˲ưǘǖƳǞǏƳ˿ǖǬǘƳ ǖǥƶƳǞǨǖǡ˸ǨǪǘ˭ƷƱǥƶ
ưǨǘƸ˲ljǞ˝Ƴƺ˲ǎnj˲ˠNJˣ˝ƶǮǞˢnjˠ˲ǮljˢNJǨǖǪǐˤǨǢǖǨǗ Ǫnj˲ǗǏƳ˟ǨǭƹˢƷ˟ǨǗǭǎưǨǘǘ˝ưǠǨǓǗǨǏǨǛ
Ǒǐˢ́ Ǟˡ Ǘnj˲ˠNJˢǥƶǎǥǎǬǘƶǓǗǨǏǨǛNj˶ǥǞ˟ǨƳˢǖ˿ Ƴ˟Ǩ
ɎNjˢǨǮǖ˟ǖ˲Ǟ˝Ƴƺ˲ǎƳǎƷǧǎǥǎǬǘƶǓǗǨǏǨǛǢǘ˶ǥǮǥƺ˲Ǘ́ǥ˲ưǪǐˮǎǫǡǎ NjˢǨǪnj˲ǗǏ
ƳǨ˟ ǭƹƷˢ Ǩ˟ ǗƸlj˲ ǞƳ˝ ƺǎ˲ ưǏ˝ ǖǛ́ ƳǨ˟ ƳǎNJǨǗ ưǏ˝ ƳǎnjNJ˲ˠ ǥˢ ƶǎǥǎǬǘƶǓǗǨǏǨǛ Ƴǖˢ˿ ưǞǨ˟ ưǎ˝ ǪǗǥǧ
ǥ˝ǎǎˣ˝ǎƳƶƷǧǪǡ˲ǗǪǐˮǎǫǡǎǛˢǨǎǏǨnj nj˟ǨǎƳ˰ljlj́ƳǎǎǥǎǬǘƶǓǗǨǏǨǛƳǎǢǎˠ˴ƶ
ǭƹǪˢ ƶ˰ǎǐǘǧǖǨLjǢǨˢ ǫǡǎ ƳLj́ ǫǡǎƳǎ ư˲ˠǢǖˠǎ˶ ǛˢǨǎǏǨnj Ƹǧǎǎˣ˝ Ǟ˝Ƴƺǎ˲ Ƴˢǖ˿ Ƴ˟Ǩǫǎ ˟ Nj˶ǥǞ˟Ǩ
ǘ˝DŽǏǨǛǡǎ˝Ǐǡǎ˿ǎǞ˝Ƴƺ˲ǎǮljˢlj˲ǖǨưǎǧ ƱǥǥǧǮǘǭǢˢǢǖlj ƳǎǮnjǗǘ˟Ǟǖǖ˶ǥlj˲ Ƹ˲ljǞ˝Ƴƺ˲ǎ
ǓǞưǫǥǎNJ˲ˣǞ˝Ƴƺǎ˲ ǖǎ˲ ǥˢ Ǘ ǥ˝ǎǎNj˲ˣ ˶ǥǞ˟ǨǪǐǎˮ Ʒ˿ljǫƱƶ˭ ƱǥƶǮnjǗɎ

ȭ Ǟ˝Ƴƺǎ˲ ǡNJ́ ǘǮƱǞˢ ȭ
ƳǞǨǖǡ˝Ǐǡǎ ǫǛǧǮǖ˟ǪƱˢǨǭƷǪǘˠ˶ǥƶưǨǘƸ˲ljǞ˝Ƴƺ˲ǎǡ́NJǘǮƱǞˢ ǎǨǗǫǓnjǗ˪ǬǥǕǨǡ
ǥǍ˰ǏǨǗǞ˟Ǩ ǡ́NJǘǎˣ˲ǖ˲Ǔˣ˶ǎDŽǨǎnjǨƶǞ˰njǗǨǟǨǡNJǘ˪ǘǥƶǘ˝Ǐ ǫǛǧǪǐˮǎƳǞǨǖǡ˸ǨǪǘ˭ƷƱǥƶ
ǐǘǧǪnjǟǮnjǗ
ɎǑǖƳ˰ljǞ˟Ǩǡ́NJǘǮƱǞˢNj˶ǥǞ˟ǨǪǐˮǎưǨǘNJ˝ljǡ˰ǎǭƷ ƳǞǨǖǡ˸ǨǪǘ˭ƷƱǥƶǐǘǧǪnjǟǮnjǗ
nj˲ˠǪǘǨNJ˝ljǡ˰ǎǭƷǪǥǨǡ́NJǘǮƱǞˢǖǨǭƹˢ Ǯǖ˟ǮljˢǪǐˮǎǪǓǘǨǧǞ˟ǨǪǘǨǮǖ˟ǖ˲Ǟ˝Ƴƺ˲ǎǎǧ ǪǓǘǨǧǪǘǨ
ǪǢǎ˭ Ʊǥˢ ǖǛ́ ǫǛǞˢ ưǏ˝ ǢǛư˝ Ǟnj˰ ǗǨǟǨǡNJǘǞ˪ Ǩ˟ ǖǎ˝ lj ˲ ǬljǗǑǪ́ˢ ƹǗˠ˲ ǞƹǨƾǪƸǓǨǧljǨˢ ǎ ǪǘǨljǫ́ ǛǞˢ ǞǨ˟
ǐǘǧǡ˰njǍ˰ǕǨǓǭƹˢǮljˢ ǐǛǥljǕ˝Ǘ ǡ˸ǨƳ˝ƾƳ˶ǥǖ˝ǎnj˸ǨǭǢˢǪǘǨƸ˲ljǞ˝Ƴƺ˲ǎǮljˢǪǘ˭Ǟ ǭƹ˟ǮǢǖ
NjˢǨǪǘǨǖǞ˝ ǫNJ˟ǘǥǫǥǡNJǘǨˢ ǪƺǎǪǎưǨˢ ǡǥƶǪƱǖ˭ ǮǔǪƺǥǘǡ˪ ǥƶǪƱǖ˭ ǐǨˡ ǎǎƸˣ˲ lj˲ ǮǖƳ˟ ǘǏǢǘǥư
Ƹǧǎˣ˝ǎǡ́NJǘǮƱǞˢǖ˝ǎǪǢǖǨǧǡǖǭǎǫƶ˟Ʊǥƶǘ˝Ǐǖ˶ǥư˝ǏǡNjǨǎưǨǘLj˪ưǨǘǘǧǏǨljǫǛǧ
ƳǞǨǖǪǐǎˮ ǮǐǮljˢǭǎưǨǘƸlj˲ Ɏ
ǡ́NJǘǮƱǞˢǞ˝Ƴƺ˲ǎ ƺˠ˴ƶƳ˰ljƳˢǎǫǛǧǓ˝LJǎǨǬljǗ ǟǨǡNJǘǨƷǨǘǗ˪ǎǨǗǫǓnjǗ˪Ǘƶ
Ǣ˝ǞǢǎˢǨǟ́ǎǗ˪Ǫƹ˲ˠǗǞƹǨƾǪƸǓǨǧnjǨƶljˢǨǎǮǞǘ˝ǡǞ˰njǗǨƳǛ˰ǎ˰ư ƳLjǧǫǓnjǗǟǨǡNJǘ˪

mºG"ȷǭǵɑNJLJǎˢǜ˳Ʋlj˜ƮǙǣǑǥƬ˔ǑǦƬ˟ƱǜǣLjǣǓǃǜ˱ƬǩLJǒ 91

Ʒ˿ǣǨǛƶưǘLj˪ǖǢǨǞ˰njǗǨǛ˝Ǘ ǫǛǧnj˲ˠǐǘ˴ưǠǨǡNjǨǎưǨǘLj˪ǬƳǞ˰lj DzǺ Ǫǐˮǎnj˲ˠǗǥǖǘ˝Ǐ
ƱǥƶǥƶƳ˪ưǨǘǥǎǨǖ˝ǗǬǛư ǫǛǧnjˠ˝ǞǬǛư ǥǍ˰Ǐlj˲ưǘǖƳǞǏƳ˿ǖǬǘƳǏǥưǞ˟Ǩ ǮnjǗǪǐˮǎ
Ǒǎ́ˢ Ǩ˸ Ǫǘˠǥ˶ ƶǎ ˲ˣ ǫNJ˟ƳǎƳ˰ljƳˢǎnj˲ˠǖǡ˲ Ǟ˟ ǎ ưǛ˝ǏNjứ Ǟ˰ƷǨǘLjƷ˪ ǎNj˴ƶnjư˿ Ǟ˝ǎǎˣ˲
ɎNj́ưlj˟ǨǪǛǧ ƷǎNj˴ƶnj˿ưǞ˝ǎǎ˲ˣǎǧ ǓǥNJǨǗǘǨǗǢǎˠ˴ƶư˭Ǟ˟ǨƸ˲ljǡ́NJǘǮƱǞˢNJǨǗ
ƺˠƶ˴ ǖǎ˝ ǮǖǪ˟ ưˠ˲ǗǞư˝ǎǪǛǗɎ
Ǟ˝Ƴƺ˲ǎǫNJ˟ǛǧNJ˝Ǟnj˲ˠǑǛ˰NJǥǥưǖǨǐˤǥƶư˝ǎǬƳǞ˰lj DzǺ ǥǍ˰Ǐlj˲ưǘǖƳǞǏƳ˿ǖǬǘƳ
Ǫƹˠǥ˶ Ǟ˟Ǩ njư˿ NJ˝Ǟlj˲Ǣǖlj
ɎǑǖǗ˝ƶǪƹˠ˶ǥnjǙǠǀ˲Ǟ˟Ǩnj˿ưNJ˝Ǟlj˲Ǣǖlj ǪǓ˲ǗƶǫNJ˟ǐǘǧǡ˰njǍǕ˰ ǨǓ ǓǥǪǞǛǨǖ˝ǎǛlj
Ǖ́ǖ˰Ƴˢ˿ǖư˝ǎǛlj Ƹǧǎˣ˝ǎNJ˝ǞǮǢǎƸ˲ljư˟ǥǎ Ǖ́ǖ˰ǖ˝ǎǛlj ǪǘǨǮǐǞ˝ljNJ˝Ǟǎˣ˲Ƹ˲ljǖǨǡǨǖǪlj˶ǥǎ
ǫNJ˟ǥ˲ưNJ˝ǞǪǓ˰ˠƶƸ˲ljǢǎˠ˴ƶǪlj˶ǥǎ NJ˝Ǟnjˠ˲ǪǓ˰ˠƶƸ˲ljǢǎˠ˴ƶǪlj˶ǥǎ ǖ˝ǎNJˢǥƶlj˲ưǞ˟Ǩǫǎ˟ǎǥǎ Ƹǧǎˣ˝ǎ
ƺ˰ǬǎǫǞƳư˭Ǫǡ˲ǗǪǐǘ˲ǗǏǪǓǘǨǧǪǐˮǎǞ˝Ƴƺ˲ǎnjˠ˲Ƹ˲ljư˟ǥǎ ǥǗ˟Ǩƶǎ˲ˣǪǐˮǎNJˢǎ ƳǎǮǖ˟Ƴ˟ǥǗ
Ǔlj́ ǢǘǥưǞ˟Ǩ ǘǧǗǧǪǞǛǨǢǘǥ˶ Ǯnjǖǖ˪ ƶˠ˰ ưǨǘǞ˝ljǎǡ˲ˠ Ǩ˸ Ƴ˝ƾɎ

ȭ ǞǨǘǧƺǥ˟ ǎǪǘǎˢ Ʒ˝ljƺˣǥ˶ Ǟ˝Ƴƺǎ˲ ȭ
Ʊˢ ǥ ư Ǜ˟ Ǩ Ǟ Ǣ Ǩ Ǟ˟ Ǩ ư ǘ ǧ nj ǘ Ǟ ƶ ǡ Ǩ Ǎ Ǩ ǘ Lj ǡ˿ Ʊ Ʒ˝ lj ƺˣ˶ ǥ Ǟ˝ Ƴ ƺ˲ ǎ ǘ Ǩ Ƴ Ǩ ǫ Ǔ ƶ
ǎ Ǩ Ǘ ǫ Ǔ nj Ǘ˪ Ǫ ư˲ Ǘ ǘ NJ˰ Ǖ́ ǖ˰ ǐ Ǜ˝ lj ư ǘ ǧ nj ǘ Ǟ ƶ ǡ Ǩ Ǎ Ǩ ǘ Lj ǡ˿ Ʊ ǥ Ǎ˰ Ǐ Ǩ Ǘ Ǟ˟ Ǩ ǘ Ǩ Ƴ Ǩ Ǟ˝ Ƴ ƺ˲ ǎ
njˠ˲Ʒ˝ljƺˣ˶ǥ ǪǐˮǎǮǐNJǨǖưǛǮưNJǛǨlj ǫǛǧǖ˲NJ˝ǞǪǛƱǗ˶ǎǗ˝ǎƹ˝ljǪƷǎǥǗ́˟ǭǎƶǏǐǘǧǖǨLj
nj˲ˠưǘǧnjǘǞƶǡǨǍǨǘLjǡ˿Ʊǎ˸ǨǪǡǎǥNJ˟ǥƳLjǧǘ˝DŽǖǎNJǘ˲

92 mºG"ȷǭǵɑNJLJǎˢǜ˳Ʋlj˜ƮǙǣǑǥƬ˔ǑǦƬ˟ƱǜǣLjǣǓǃǜ˱ƬǩLJǒ

ɎǪǘˠ˶ǥƶnjˠ˲Ǟ˟ǨǞ˝Ƴƺ˲ǎǮǐƺˣ˶ǥǖǨǖ˲Ƴǥǘ˝ǐƹ˝ǎ ư˭ǐǘǧưǨǟǘǨƳǨƹ˝ljǪƷǎ ǪǓǘǨǧ
ǪǞǛǨǮǐƱǥƶǏǐǘǧǖǨLjƳLjǧǘ˝DŽǖǎNJǘ˲ ǪƱ˲ǗǎǮǞˢǫǛˢǞǞ˟ǨǘǨƳǨƱǞljǛǧư˲ˠǪǢǘ˲Ǘƾ ɓ
ƶǏǐǘǧǖǨLjǪǐǎˮ Ǫƶǎ˰ ǪnjǨ˟ ǎ ˣ˲ ɓ ƷǧǮǐƳǥǘǐ˝ ƹǎ˝ Ǯljǥˢ ǗǨ˟ ƶǮǘ ưƺ˭ ˣǥ˶ NJǨǖǎǎˣ˝ ƳǨ˟ ǥˠǎ˶ ɓ Ǘƶ˝ ǮǖǮ˟ ljˢ
ǭǢˢǪƱǨǪǛǗǪǗǥǧǫǗǧ Ʒ˲ǎư˭ƹ˟ǞǗ Ʒ˲ǎư˭ǭǢˢǖǨ ưǨǘƺˣ˶ǥǖǨǥ˝ǎǎ˲ˣư˭ǪǐˮǎǪǘˠ˶ǥƶƱˢǥǪnj˭ƷƷǘ˰ƶ
NJǥǎǎˣǎ˝ ƱǥƶǮǖǖ˟ ˲ ǘǨƳǨǖǎ˝ ư˭ǫǓƶ ǪǓǘǨǧǮǖǖ˟ Ƴ˲ ǎƱǨǗ ƺˠƶ˴ Ǫǐǎˮ NJǨǖưǛǮưNJǛǨlj Ɏ
ǐǛ˝ljưǘǧnjǘǞƶǡǨǍǨǘLjǡ˿ƱǖǥƶǞ˟Ǩ ƳǞǘǭǢˢư˸ǨǛ˝ƶǭƷƳǎnj˸ǨƶǨǎǖǨưưǞ˟Ǩ
ǬnjǠư˝ǎ
ɎǑǖǖǥƶǞ˟ǨƱLjǧǪlj˶ǥljǘˢǥǎ ǖǎ˿ǠǗ˪ƹ˟ǞǗư˝ǎnj˿ưƳǎ ƹ˟ǞǗư˝ǎnj˿ưǞ˰Nj˲njǨƶ
ǫNJ˟ǐǘǧǪnjǟǪǘǨǖ˝ǎư˭ǬnjǠư˝ǎ nj˟ǨǎƳ˰ljlj́Ƴǎnj˸ǨƶǨǎǎ˲ˠǑǖǬƹƳlj˲ ǡ˟Ǟǎnj˟ǨǎǥǍ˰Ǐlj˲
ưǘǖƳǞǏƳ˿ǖǬǘƳǬljǎNJǘǞƷǡǥǏ ƺˣ˶ǥƱǥƶǪǐˮǎǪnj˟ǨǮǢǘ˟ưˠ˲Ǣǖˠ˶ǎǛˢǨǎǏǨnj Ǯǖ˟ǓǏǞ˟Ǩ
nj˸ǨƳǞǨǖǑlj˰ NJˢǥƶǭǢưˢ ˸ǨǛ˝ƶǭƷƳǎnj˸ǨƶǨǎ ǐǘǧǪnjǟǮnjǗǎǨ˟ ƷǧǭǢưˢ ˸ǨǛ˝ƶǭƷư˝ǎǎǧɎ

mºG"ȷǭǵɑNJLJǎˢǜ˳Ʋlj˜ƮǙǣǑǥƬ˔ǑǦƬ˟ƱǜǣLjǣǓǃǜ˱ƬǩLJǒ 93

ǙˢƫǔDž
ƫǓ˱ƱǥLJǎɏ

05

05 Ǚƫˢ ǔDžƫǓ˱ƱǥLJǎɏ

NJˣ˝ƶǫNJ˟ǐǫ˳ ǘưnjǬ˲ˠ ƳǞ˰lj DzǺ ǪƱǨˢ ǖǨǘǧǏǨljǭǎǐǘǧǪnjǟNJǛǥljnjˣ˝ƶǐ ˳ ǮnjǗǡǨǖǨǘNj
ƳǞǏƳ˿ǖưǨǘǘǧǏǨljǘǧǛǥưǫǘưǭǎǓˣ˶ǎnjˠ˲ưǘ˿ƶǪnjǓɔ ǫǛǧǘǧǛǥưǐ˳ dzǶǷǴ ǭǎǓˣ˶ǎnjˠ˲
ǡǖnj˿ ǘǡǨƳǘǘǞǖǥ˲ư Dzdz Ʒ˝ƶǢǞ˝ljǮljˢlj˲ ǪƱˢǨǡ˟́ǐ˳ dzǶǷǵ ư˟ǥǎǪnjǟưǨǛǡƶưǘǨǎNJ˪ Ǫǘ˰ˠǖǓǏ
Ǒ́ˢNJ˰ljǪƹˣ˶ǥǪǐˮǎưǛ˟˿ǖưˢǥǎưǘǧƷǨǗǮǐǭǎǢǛǨǗǓˣ˶ǎnj˲ˠƱǥƶưǘ˿ƶǪnjǓɔ ǢǛ˝ƶǡƶưǘǨǎNJ˪
Ǒ́ˢNJ˰ljǪƹˣ˶ǥǬƳǞ˰lj DzǺ ưǘǧƷǨǗǮǐnjˠ˝ǞǐǘǧǪnjǟǥǗ˟ǨƶNJ˟ǥǪǎˠ˶ǥƶ ǬljǗǪƸǓǨǧưǘ˿ƶǪnjǓɔ
NJ˝ǞǪǛƱǑˢ́NJ˰ljǪƹˣ˶ǥǪǓˠ˰ǖƱˣ˴ǎǪǐˮǎƷ˸ǨǎǞǎǖǨư ưǨǘǘǧǏǨljǘǧǛǥưǭǢǖ˟Ƴǘˣ˝ƶǎˣ˲ ǮnjǗǪƱˢǨǡ́˟
ǡǖǘǕǖ́ Ǭ˰ ƳǞ˰lj DzǺ ǥǗǨ˟ ƶǫnjˢƷǘƶ˰

ȭ Ǟ˰ưǙNJǘǧǏǏǡǨǍǨǘLjǡƱ˿ ǪƱNJǐưƳǘǥƶǓǪ˰ ǟǠ ȭ
ưǘ˿ƶǪnjǓǖǢǨǎƳǘǪǐˮǎǪǖ˶ǥƶǢǛǞƶǫǛǧǟ́ǎǗ˪ưǛǨƶnjǨƶǪǟǘǠDŽư˰ƷǭǢƾ˟njˠ˲ǡ˿lj
ƱǥƶǐǘǧǪnjǟ ǡNjǨǎưǨǘLjư˪ ǨǘǘǧǏǨljǭǎƹǞ˟ ƶǢǛ˝ƶǡƶưǘǨǎNJ˪ dzǶǷǵ Ǫǘ˰ˠǖNj˴ƶƱˣǎ˝ Ǟ˰ưǙNJ
ƷǨưǐƾ˞ ǢǨƱǨljǫƳǛǎǪNJ˲Ǘƶ ǢǛƶ˝ ǓǏǑNJˢ́ ˰ljǪƹˣǥ˶ ǡǨǗǓǎ˝ ǍǪ˿˪ ljǛNJˢǨ Ǣǘǥ˶ ǡǨǗǓǎ˝ Ǎǥ˿˪ ˰ǎǪlj˲Ǘ
Ǫǖˠ˶ǥǞ˝ǎnjˠ˲ Ǻ ǓǙǠǕǨƳǖ dzǶǷǵ ƺˠ˴ƶǓǏƳǘˣ˝ƶǫǘưǭǎǐǘǧǪnjǟǥ˰ǎǪlj˲Ǘ NJˣ˝ƶǫNJ˟Ǫlj˶ǥǎ
Ǎ˝ ǎ Ǟ Ǩ Ƴ ǖ dz Ƕ Ƿ Ǵ ǡ Ǩ Ǘ Ǔ˝ ǎ Ǎ˿˪ ǎˣ˲ ǫ Ǔ ǘ˟ Ǫ ƹˣ ˶ ǥ Ǯ ljˢ Ǯ Ǟ ǫ Ǜ ǧ nj˸ Ǩ ǭ Ǣˢ Ǫ ư˰ lj ǥ Ǩ ư Ǩ ǘ ǘ˿ ǎ ǫ ǘ ƶ ư Ǟ˟ Ǩ
ǡǨǗǓ˝ǎǍ˿˪ljˣ˝ƶǪlj˰ǖ Ʒ˸ǨǎǞǎǑˢ́NJ˰ljǪƹˣ˶ǥǭǢǖ˟ǘǨǗǞ˝ǎǪǓ˰ˠǖƱˣ˴ǎǮǖ˟NJ˹ǨưǞ˟ǨǞ˝ǎǛǧ dzȤDZDZDZ ǘǨǗ
Ǟ˝ǎnj˲ˠ dzǵ ǖNj˰ ǎ˿ ǨǗǎ dzǶǷǵ ǑNJ́ˢ ˰ljǪƹˣǥ˶ ǘǨǗǭǢǖnj˟ ˸ǨǡNj˰NJ˰ǡƶ́ ǡlj˿ Nj˴ƶ ǵȤDzDZǹ ǘǨǗ ǫǛǧǪǖˠǥ˶ Nj˴ƶ
Ǟ˝ǎnjˠ˲ DzǸ ưǘưǀǨƳǖ dzǶǷǵ NJ˝ǞǪǛƱǑˢ́NJ˰ljǪƹˣ˶ǥǘǨǗǭǢǖ˟ nj˸ǨǡNj˰NJ˰ǘǨǗǞ˝ǎǡ́ƶǡ˿ljƳǘˣ˝ƶǭǢǖ˟
Ʊˣ˴ǎǮǐnj˲ˠǢǛ˝ưǢǖˠ˶ǎNJ˰ljNJ˟ǥư˝ǎ dz ǡ˝ǐljǨǢ˪ Ǒˢ́ǐˡǞǗưǛ˟˿ǖǡ˲ǪǢǛ˶ǥƶƺˠ˴ƶǪǡˠ˲ǗƶǥǨưǨǘǘ˿ǎǫǘƶ
ǫǛǧưǛ˟ǖ˿ ǡǫ˲ ljƶƺˠƶ˴ Ǫǐǎˮ ưǛ˟ǖ˿ ǥǨưǨǘǘ˿ǎǫǘƶǖƷ˲ ˸ǨǎǞǎǖǨưƱˣǎ˴

mºG"ȷǭǵɑNJLJǎˢǜ˳Ʋlj˜ƮǙǣǑǥƬ˔ǑǦƬ˟ƱǜǣLjǣǓǃǜ˱ƬǩLJǒ 95

Ǫǘ˰ˠǖǓǏǑ́ˢǐˡǞǗǪǡ˲Ǘƹ˲Ǟ˰NJǎǥǎNJǨǗǭǎǏˢǨǎ ǏǨƶǘǨǗƸ˲ljǞ˝Ƴƺ˲ǎǪƱ˭ǖǢǎˠ˴ƶǫǛˢǞ
Ǘ˝ƶǓǏǑˢ́Ǫǡ˲Ǘƹ˲Ǟ˰NJǎǥǎNJǨǗǘ˰ǖNjǎǎ ǭƷưǛǨƶưǘ˿ƶǪnjǓɔ NJǨǖljˢǞǗǡNj˰NJ˰Ǒˢ́Ǫǡ˲Ǘƹ˲Ǟ˰NJ
ǡƶ́ ǡlj˿ ǘǨǗǞ˝ǎǏǎ˝ nj˴ưǮǞˢnj˲ˠǢǛ˝ưǘǥˢ Ǘ
ǢǛǨǗǞ˝ljǭǎưǘ˿ƶǪnjǓɔ nj˲ˠǘ˝ǏǪǑǨǟǓǑˢ́Ǫǡ˲Ǘƹ˲Ǟ˰NJƷǨưǬƳǞ˰lj DzǺ NJˢǥƶǪƷǥ
ư˝ǏǡǕǨǓǪNJǨǪǑǨƹ˸Ǩǘ˿lj ǢǛ˝ƶNj́ưǭƹˢƶǨǎǢǎ˝ưǮǖ˟ǎˢǥǗưǞ˟ǨǞ˝ǎǛǧ Ǵȼǵ ǟǓ Ǣǎ˝ưǡ˿lj
ǪNJǨǪǑǨǘǧǪǏlj˰ ǡǧǪnjǥ˶ ǎDŽǨǎǪǖǘ˿ Ǟlj˝ ǏǨƶǎǨ˺ ƹǎ Ǔƶ˝ NjǛǖ˟ NJǥˢ ƶǡǘǨˢ ƶǭǢǖ ˟ ǭǎǪƱNJǐǘǖ˰ LjdžǛ
Ǐ Ǩ ƶ Ǟ˝ lj Ǫ ƹ˟ ǎ Ǟ˝ lj ǫ Ƴ ǎ ǥ ư Ǟ˝ lj Ǫ ǡ Ǩ Ǎ ƶ Ǣ˰ ǎ Ǟ˝ lj ƹ ǖ ǎ˰ ǖ˰ NJ ǘ Ǫ Ǒ Ǩ ǟ Ǔ Ʊˢ Ǩ ǖ Ǟ˝ ǎ Ʊˢ Ǩ ǖ Ƴ˶ ǎ
NJ˰ljNJ˟ǥưǎ˝ ǎǨǎ dz Ǫlj˶ǥǎ ǗǥljǪǑǨnjǧǛǢ˿ Ǜư˝ ǘǥˢ Ǘ NJˢǥƶǡǘǨˢ ƶǪNJǨǪǑǨǪǓǖˠ˰ ǪǓˠǥ˶ ǭǢǪˢ ǑǨǟǓ
nj˝ǎǪǞǛǨ
Ǟư˰ ǙNJǪNJǗ˲ ƶǑǐˢ́ Ǟˡ ǗNJˢǥƶǎǥǎǘǥƷǎǪǡǗ˲ ƹǞ˲ NJ˰ ǭǎǏǨˢ ǎ ǫǛǧǏǎǓˣǎ˶ njǡˠ˲ ǨǍǨǘLjǧ
ǘ˰ǖNjǎǎ ǡǧnjˢǥǎƳǞǨǖǮǖ˟ǪǓ˲ǗƶǓǥƱǥƶǘǧǏǏǏǘ˰ưǨǘǡǨǍǨǘLjǡ˿ƱƱǥƶǮnjǗ nj˲ˠǭƳǘ ɓ
ǢǛǨǗƳǎǓǨư˝ǎǞ˰NJưư˝ƶǞǛ ǫǛǧǞ˰ǓǨưǠ˪Ǟ˰ƷǨǘLj˪ư˝ǎNJ˟Ǩƶ ɓ ǎǨǎǨǞ˟ǨNj˴ƶǞ˝ǎǛ˟ǖǡǛǨǗ
ƱǥƶǘǧǏǏǡǨǍǨǘLjǡƱ˿ ǮnjǗǫǛˢǞǢǘǥ˶ Ǯǖ˟

ɎǑǖǏǥưǪƱǨǞ˟ǨNjˢǨưǘ˿ƶǪnjǓɔ ǫNJư Ǫǖ˶ǥƶǮnjǗư˭ǥǗ́˟Ǯǖ˟Ǯljˢ Ǫǘˠ˰ǖǖ˲ƳǎNJǨǗǮƶ
Ǫǘǖ˰ˠ ǖƳ˲ ǎNJǨǗnjǏ˲ˠ Ǩˢ ǎ njǎ˲ ǡ˲ˣ ǨǍǨǘLjǡƱ˿ ưnj˭ ǎǮǖǮ˟ lj ˢ Ǟư˰ ǙNJưǖ˭ Ǣ˲ ǛǨǗƷlj˿ Ƴǥ˶ ǢǖǨǗƳǞǨǖǞǨ˟
ưǘ˿ƶǪnjǓɔ ǮǖǮ˟ ǢǞ Ǯǖǡ˟ ǨǖǨǘNjǘǏ˝ ƳǎǮƱǮˢ lj ˢ Ǫǘǖ˰ˠ ǖƳ˲ ǎNJǨǗ ǖ ˲ ïńĸŞįÓěĺ ǎǧ NJlj˰ Ǫƹˣǥ˶ ǫǛǞˢ
Ǯǖǖ˟ ǭ˲ ƳǘǖǨljɎ́
ǎǨǗǫǓnjǗǪ˪ ưǗ˲ ǘNJǕ˰ ǖ́ ˰ ǞƶǟƷ˪ NJ˰ ǐǛlj˝ ưǘǧnjǘǞƶǡǨǍǨǘLjǡƱ˿ ǪǛǨ˟ ǐǘǧǡǏưǨǘLj˪
Ǟ˝ ǎ njˠ˲ ư ǘ˿ ƶ Ǫ nj Ǔ ɔ ǥ Ǘ́˟ ǭ ǎ ǡ Nj Ǩ ǎ ư Ǩ ǘ Lj˪ Nj˴ ƶ Ʊˣ˝ ǎ Ǟ˰ ư Ǚ NJ ǫ Ǜ ǧ Ʊ ǥ Ƴ Ǟ Ǩ ǖ ǘ˟ Ǟ ǖ ǖ˶ ǥ ǫ Ǔ nj Ǘ˪
Ǫ ƹˠ˲ Ǘ Ǟ ƹ Ǩ ƾ Ǫ Ƹ Ǔ Ǩ ǧ njˠ˲ Ǫ Ǔ˰ˠ ƶ Ʒ Ǐ Ǣ Ǜ˝ ư ǡ́ NJ ǘ Ǫ ƹ˲ˠ Ǘ Ǟ ƹ Ǩ ƾ Ǭ ǘ ƶ Ǫ ǘ˲ Ǘ ǎ ǫ Ǔ nj Ǘ˪ ǭ ǎ ư ǘ˿ ƶ Ǫ nj Ǔ ɔ
ǥǗ́˟ǐǂ˰Ǐ˝NJ˰ƶǨǎƹ˟ǞǗưǘ˿ƶǪnjǓɔ ǪǐˮǎǪǞǛǨ dz Ǫlj˶ǥǎ ư˟ǥǎưǛ˝ǏǮǐǐǘǧƷ˸ǨǬǘƶǓǗǨǏǨǛ
Ǣǘ˶ǥNJǨǖƷ˝ƶǢǞ˝ljƱǥƶNJ˝ǞǪǥƶ ǪǓˠ˶ǥlj́ǫǛǑˢ́ǐˡǞǗǬƳǞ˰lj DzǺ ǭǎǬǘƶǓǗǨǏǨǛǏ˿ǠǘǨƳ˝ǖ
ǫǛǧǬǘƶǓǗǨǏǨǛǪǥưƹǎnj˲ˠǪƱǨˢ ǖǨǪǡǘǖ˰ ǪNJ˲ǗƶǭǢljˢ ǫ́ ǛǑǐˢ́ Ǟˡ ǗǮljˢǫNJ˟Ǘƶ˝ ƱǨljǏ˿ƳǛǨưǘ

96 mºG"ȷǭǵɑNJLJǎˢǜ˳Ʋlj˜ƮǙǣǑǥƬ˔ǑǦƬ˟ƱǜǣLjǣǓǃǜ˱ƬǩLJǒ

ɎNJˢǥƶǐǘǧǡǨǎƱǥƳǞǨǖǘ˟Ǟǖǖ˶ǥǬǘƶǓǗǨǏǨǛ ǪǥǨǢǖǥnjˠ˲Ǟ˟ǨƷǏǭǢǖ˟ ɓ
ǮǐǥǗ́˟ǮǥƺǗ˲ ́ ǪƱǨǏǥưǞǨ˟ ǪƱǨǖǡ˲ NjǨǎnjǫ˲ˠ NJǪ˟ ƱǨǮǖǖ˟ Ǣ˲ ǖǥ ǢǖǥƷǏǐǢ˳ ǎƶˠ˴ ɓ Ǫǐǎˮ ǘǥˢ ǗƳǎǎǧ
nj˲ˠǪǐˮǎǑ́ˢǪƹ˲ˠǗǞƹǨƾ ǪǘǨNJˢǥƶǪǥǨǖǨ NJ˟ǨƶƷ˝ƶǢǞ˝ljǭǢˢǘǥǮǐư˟ǥǎ ǪǓǘǨǧNJ˟ǨƶƷ˝ƶǢǞ˝lj
Ǘƶ˝ Ǯǖlj˟ Ǫ˿ lj˶ǥljǪnj˟ǨǮǢǘ ˟ ǪǘǨǭǢǖˢ Ǩljứ ǘ˿ƶǪnjǓɔ ǫǛˢǞǪǥǨǢǖǥƷǨưNJ˟ǨƶƷ˝ƶǢǞ˝ljǪƱǨˢ ǖǨƹǞ˟ Ǘ
ǪǥǨǓǗǨǏǨǛǪƱǨˢ ǖǨ ǪǥǨǥǧǮǘNJ˟Ǩƶ ɓ ǪƱǨˢ ǖǨljǫ́ ǛƹǞ˟ Ǘưǘ˿ƶǪnjǓɔ ǭǢǮˢ ljˢɎ
ǐǛ˝ljưǘǧnjǘǞƶǡǨǍǨǘLjǡƱ˿ ǥǍǏ˰ ǨǗǞ˟Ǩ ǏnjǏǨnjƱǥƶưǘǧnjǘǞƶǡǨǍǨǘLjǡƱ˿
ǖ˲ǢǎˢǨnj˲ˠlj́ǫǛljˢǨǎǞ˰ƹǨưǨǘ ǬljǗǖ˲Ǔˣ˶ǎnj˲ˠǏǘ˰ưǨǘǪǐˮǎǢǎ˟ǞǗǏǘ˰ưǨǘǡǨǍǨǘLjǡ˿Ʊ
njˠ˝ǞǐǘǧǪnjǟ ǗưǪǞˢǎưǘ˿ƶǪnjǓɔ ƺˠƶ˴ Ǫǐǎˮ Ǔˣǎ˶ nj˲ˠǪƸǓǨǧ Ǯǖǖ˟ Ǣ˲ ǎǞ˟ ǗǏǘư˰ ǨǘƱǥƶưǘǧnjǘǞƶ
ǡǨǍǨǘLjǡƱ˿ nj˸ǨǭǢưˢ Ǩǘnj˸ǨƶǨǎƱǥƶưǘǧnjǘǞƶǡǨǍǨǘLjǡƱ˿ ǖƱ˲ ǥˢ Ʒ˸Ǩư˝lj
Ɏǟ˝ưǗǕǨǓljˢǨǎǡǨǍǨǘLjǡ˿Ʊ ǭǎ ưnjǖȣǎˢǥǗǖǨư NjˢǨǪnj˲ǗǏư˝ǏǭǎǕ́ǖ˰ǕǨƳ
ǫǛǞˢ NJǥǎǎǎˣ˝ ǘDŽ˝ ǏǨǛǐǘǧưǨǟǞǨ˟ Ǫǐǎˮ ǬǘƳnjƷ˲ˠ ǧNJǥˢ ƶǮljǘˢ Ǐ˝ ưǨǘljǫ́ Ǜ ǘDŽ˝ ǏǨǛƷǨ˟ ǗǪƶǎ˰ njƶˣ˝ Ǣǖlj
ǪǘǨǪǘ˲ǗưǪǐˮǎ ¥ +Š p½J% ǭƳǘnj˲ˠNJ˰ljǪƹˣ˶ǥǐ˿˧Ǐ NJˢǥƶǮljˢǎǥǎǬǘƶǓǗǨǏǨǛNj́ưǮǢǖ
NJǥǎǎˣ˝ǎǪǐˮǎǬǘƳNJ˰ljNJ˟ǥǥ˝ǎNJǘǨǗ ư˭ ¥ +Š p½J% Ʊˣ˴ǎǖǨ ǪNJ˲Ǘƶǘ˝DŽǏǨǛǮǖ˟Ǔǥ
Ǫǥưƹǎư˭ǖǨƹǞ˟ Ǘ ǥǗǨ˟ ƶǮǘư˭NJǨǖ Ǫǥưƹǎư˭Ǘƶ˝ ǮǖƳ˟ ˟ǥǗưǛˢǨǖǨ ǪǓǘǨǧǞ˟ǨưǛ˝Ǟɇ

ǎǨǗǫǓnjǗ˪Ǎƶƹ˝Ǘ ư˲ǘNJ˰Ǣ˝NJNjǗǨưǘ ǘǥƶǐǛ˝ljưǘǧnjǘǞƶǡǨǍǨǘLjǡ˿Ʊ
Ǯ ljˢ ǘ˝ Ǐ ǖ ǥ Ǐ Ǣ ǖ Ǩ Ǘ lj́ ǫ Ǜ Ǔˣ ˶ ǎ njˠ˲ ư ǘ˿ ƶ Ǫ nj Ǔ ɔ Ǫ Ǜ˟ Ǩ ǐ ǘ ǧ ǡ Ǐ ư Ǩ ǘ Lj˪ njˠ˲ Ǔ Ǐ Ǫ Ʒ ǥ ư˝ Ǐ NJ˝ Ǟ Ǫ ǥ ƶ
ƹǞ˟ ƶƳˢǎǢǨǑǐˢ́ Ǟˡ ǗNJ˰ljƳˢǨƶǭǎǏǨˢ ǎ ǪǓˠǥ˶ ǘǏ˝ ưǨǘǘư˝ ǠǨǘǞ˟ ǖư˝ǏưǘǖưǨǘǫǓnjǗ ˪
Ɏǖ˲ǥǨǖ˟ǨƳǘǥǏƳǘ˝ǞǢǎˠ˴ƶǢˢǨƳǎǛƶǭǎǪǔƺǏ˿˥ưǞ˟Ǩ Ǯǐ ǘǓȣ ǡǥƶƳǎǫǛǧ
ǥ˲ưƳǎǢǎˠ˴ƶNJǨǗǥǗ́˟njˠ˲ǏˢǨǎ ǑǖǬnjǘȣǮǐǪǛǗ %šÓĸÓȼÓõõěïű ǪƱǨǖ˲ǪǏǥǘ˪Ǭnjǘȣ ǑǖǬnjǘȣ
ǮǐǢǨǪƱǨǪǐˮǎǥǨǖ˟Ǩ ǥǨǖ˟Ǩnj˲ˠǪǢǛ˶ǥǗ˝ƶǥǗ́˟ǏˢǨǎư˝ǎǡǨǖƳǎ ǥǨǗ˿ư˭ ǸDZ ưǞ˟ǨǫǛˢǞ
ǏǨˢ ǎǎˣǎ˝ ǢưǡǏ˰ ưǞ˟ǨǢǖljǪǛǗ njˠ˲Ǫǐǎˮ ƱǨ˟ ǞNJǨǗǘǨǗǫǘưnj˲ˠǏǨˢ ǎɎ
ɎǮǐnjˠ˲ǬǘƶǓǗǨǏǨǛǡǥƶƳǎ ǪǢǛǥ˶ ǥǗ́nj˟ ˠ˲ǏǨˢ ǎǡǨǖƳǎ ǡǨǖƳǎǪǡǗ˲ ǮǐƳǎǢǎˠƶ˴
ǪǘǨư˭ǬnjǘȣǮǐ NJǥǎǎˣ˝ǎǪǘǨNJˢǥƶǗǥǖǘ˝ǏǞ˟ǨǪljǛNJˢǨ ǖ˝ǎǘǧǏǨljǫǛˢǞ ǪǗǥǧƷǘ˰ƶ ɓ
ǪǘǨǬnjǘȣǮǐǢǨǥǨǖ˟Ǩ ǪǘǨư˭ǪǟǘˢǨǭƷ ǥǨǖ˟ǨǏǥưǞ˟Ǩ nj˸ǨǮǖǛˣ˶ǥǪǓ˰ˠƶǬnjǘȣǖǨǐˡǨǎǎˣ˲

mºG"ȷǭǵɑNJLJǎˢǜ˳Ʋlj˜ƮǙǣǑǥƬ˔ǑǦƬ˟ƱǜǣLjǣǓǃǜ˱ƬǩLJǒ 97

Ǔ˲ˠǡǨǞǥ˦˝ǞNJǨǗ NJǥǎǎˣ˝ǎǡǥƶnj˟˿ǖǢǘ˶ǥǮƶ ǡǨǖnj˟˿ǖ Ǔ˲ˠǡǨǞǥ˦˝ǞNJǨǗ Ʊǥǥ˦˝Ǟnj˸ǨǟǓư˟ǥǎ
ǫǛˢǞNj˴ƶǖǨǘǏ˝ ǥ˦˝ǞǮǐǬǘƶǓǗǨǏǨǛɎ
ɎǪǐˮǎǡˠ˰ƶnj˲ˠǪǘǨnj˿ưƳǎ ǘǞǖNj˴ƶnj˟ǨǎǐǛ˝ljɔ Ǫǐˮǎǡˠ˰ƶnj˲ˠǡǧǪnj˶ǥǎǭƷ ǪǓǘǨǧǪǘǨ
Ǯǖ˟ǪƳǗǖ˲Ǟ˟Ǩ ǐǘǧǪnjǟǮnjǗǐǛ˟ǥǗǭǢˢƳǎǮƱˢNJǨǗ ǪǘǨǮǖ˟ǮljˢǐǛ˟ǥǗǮƶ ǫNJ˟Ǟ˟ǨǮǖ˟ǪƳǗǪư˰lj
ǪǢNJư˿ ǨǘLjǥ˪ ǗǨ˟ ƶǎ ˲ˣ ǪǘǨǡǧǪnjǥ˶ ǎǭƷưǖ˭ ǨNJƶˣ˝ ǟǎ́ Ǘǫ˪ ǘưǘǏ˝ ǫǛǧǡƶ˟ NJǥ˟ ưǘǧnjǘǞƶǡǨǍǨǘLjǡƱ˿
ǥǨƳǨǘǎǖ˰ Ǐ˰ ˿NJǘ ǖǨnj˸ǨǘǓȣǏ˿ǠǘǨƳ˝ǖɎ
ǎǨǗǫǓnjǗǍ˪ ƶƹǗ˝ ǏǥưǞǨ˟ Ǔˣǎ˶ njư˲ˠ ǘ˿ƶǪnjǓɔ ǪǛǗ˲ˠ ƶǮǖǮ˟ ljnjˢ ư˲ˠ ǘǧnjǘǞƶǡǨǍǨǘLjǡƱ˿
NJˢǥƶǪƱǨˢ ǮǐƹǞ˟ ǗǪǢǛ˶ǥ

ȭ Ǫǡǘǖ˰ nj˝ǓƹǞ˟ Ǘưǘ˿ƶǪnjǓɔ ȭ
ǐǛ˝ljưǘǧnjǘǞƶǡǨǍǨǘLjǡ˿ƱǪǛ˟ǨǞ˟Ǩ ƹ˟Ǟƶǫǘưnjˠ˲ǪƱˢǨǮǐƹ˟ǞǗưǘ˿ƶǪnjǓɔ
Ƴ˶ǥǪǘˠ˶ǥƶǪnjƳǬǎǬǛǗ˲ ǏǥưǡNjǨǎưǨǘLj˪ ǫǛǧǞ˰Ǎư˲ ǨǘƳǞǏƳ˿ǖǬǘƳ ǓǘˢǥǖǭǢˢƳ˸Ǩǫǎǧǎ˸Ǩ
Ǯǐǐǂ˰Ǐ˝NJ˰ ǫǛǧǥǥưǫǏǏnj˲ǖǐǂ˰Ǐ˝NJ˰ưǨǘǐˤǥƶư˝ǎǫǛǧǫưˢǮƱǐ˞ƾǢǨǬƳǞ˰lj DzǺ Ǫƹ˰ƶǘ˿ư
Ǣǘ˶ǥ ž ƺˠ˴ƶǖ˲Ǐ˿ƳǛǨưǘǡǨǍǨǘLjǡ˿ƱƷǨưǕ́ǖ˰ǕǨƳǐǘǧǖǨLjǡ˰ǏưǞ˟Ǩnj˲ǖǛƶǓˣ˶ǎnjˠ˲
ƹ˿ǖƹǎưǘ˿ƶǪnjǓɔ ǫǛǧǭǢˢưǘ˿ƶǪnjǓɔ ǐǘǧǡǨǎư˝ǏǘǧǏǏǡǨǍǨǘLjǡ˿Ʊnj˲ˠǖ˲ǥǗ́˟ Ǫǘ˲ǗưǞ˟Ǩ
ƳǛ˰ǎư˰ ƹ˿ǖƹǎǥǏǥ˟˿ǎ
ɎƳǛ˰ǎ˰ưǎˣ˲Ʒǧǖ˲ǢǎˢǨnj˲ˠlj́ ïÓűïĖĸûĺű ÓšûÓ ǫNJ˟ǪƱǨlj́ǪǐˮǎǫǏǏlj́ưǨǘǘ˝ưǠǨ
ǫNJ˟NJǥǎǎ˲ˣNJˢǥƶǐǘ˝ǏǭǢˢǪƱǨǞ˟Ǩ ƳǛ˰ǎ˰ưǪǢǛ˟Ǩǎ˲ˣNJˢǥƶǘ˝ǏǑ˰ljƹǥǏƳǎǮƱˢǭǎǏǘ˰ǪǞLjǎˣ˲
ǪƱǨư˭ǖ˲ǬǖǏǨǗnj˲ǖƱˣ˴ǎǖǨ Ʒ˝ljnj˲ǖNJǨǖnjˠ˲ǪǘǨǫǎǧǎ˸Ǩ ǖ˲Ǣǖǥ ǖ˲ǓǗǨǏǨǛ ǖ˲ǥǧǮǘ
ǫǛǞˢ Ʒlj˝ Ǫǐǎˮ ǫǏǏǎ ˲ˣ NJlj˰ ǥǨǞǍ˿ ǐǘǧǖǨLjǎ ˣ˲ ǪǥǨǞƳ˝ ƺǎ˲ ǪƱǨˢ ǮǐǐǘǧǖǨLjǎ ˲ˣ ǮǐǪƹˠǥ˶ ǖǏǘư˰ Ǩǘ
NJǥǎǎǎˣ˝ ǓǞưƳǛǎ˰ ư˰ NJǨ˟ ƶ ɓ ǪƱǨˢ ǖǨƹǞ˟ ǗǪǘǨǪǓǘǨǧǞǨ˟ ǖǎ˝ ǘǧǏǨljǮǐnjǞˠ˝ njư˿ ǢǗǥ˟ ǖǢƾǨˢ ǪǛǗ
ƳǛǎ˰ ư˰ ǓǞưǎǪˣ˲ ǖˠǥ˶ ǖƳ˲ ǎǥǗ́ǭ˟ ǎ ïÓűïĖĸûĺű ÓšûÓ NJˢǥƶǘ́Ʒˢ ˝ư ǫǛǧǖư˲ Ǩǘǭƹ ˢ žZ Ǫǘǖ˰ˠ NJˢǎ
ǪǓǘǨǧǪǘǨǗ˝ƶǮǖ˟ǮljˢNJǘǞƷ žȼŠ  NJǘǞƷ žZ NJ˰ljư˭ǭǢˢǥǗ́˟ư˝ǏǏˢǨǎ ǪƱǨNJˢǥƶǮǐ
Ǫƹˠǥ˶ ǖǏǘư˰ ǨǘǞ˟ǨǢǖǥǖǨljǫ́ ǛˢǞǎǧɎ
Ǣ Ǜ˝ ƶ Ǔ Ǐ Ǒˢ́ NJ˰ lj Ǫ ƹˣ˶ ǥ Ǫ ǐˮ ǎ ư Ǜ˟˿ ǖ ưˢ ǥ ǎ Ǖ Ǩ Ǘ ǭ ǎ ǫ Ƴ ǖ ǐˬ Ƴ ǎ ƶ Ǩ ǎ Ǣ Ǜ˝ ư ǡ˲ˠ
ǎǨǗǫǓnjǗ˪Ǫư˲ǗǘNJ˰Ǖ́ǖ˰ǪǛ˟ǨǞ˟Ǩ ǥǥưǫǏǏǭǢˢưǘ˿ ƶǪnjǓɔ nj˸ǨǏ˝ǏǪǏ˰Ǜǫǥǎlj˪ƺ˲Ǜ
Ǫ Ǔˠ ˶ ǥ Ƴ˿ ǖ ư Ǩ ǘ ǘ ǧ Ǐ Ǩ lj Ʊ ǥ ƶ Ǫ ƹˣ ˶ ǥ Ǖ Ǩ Ǘ ǭ ǎ ǫ Ƴ ǖ ǐˬ njˠ˲ ǖ˲ Ƴ ǎ ƶ Ǩ ǎ ǎ˝ Ǐ Ǔ˝ ǎ ǫ NJ˟ Ǯ ǖ˟ ǐ ǘ ǧ ǡ Ǐ
ƳǞǨǖǡ˸ǨǪǘ˭Ʒ
ɎǪǘǨǫǎǧǎ˸Ǩǎǧ ǭǢˢƳ˿ǖǥǗ˟Ǩƶǎˣ˝ǎ ǭǢˢƳ˿ǖǥǗ˟Ǩƶǎˣ˲ ǮǐǭǢˢǪƱǨǏ˝ǏǪǏ˰Ǜǫǥǎlj˪ƺ˲Ǜ
ǪƱǨǏǥưǞ˟Ǩ nj˸ǨǮljˢƳ˟ǥǎƱˢǨƶǗǨư ǪǓǘǨǧƳǎƶǨǎnj˲ˠnj˸ǨƶǨǎNJǘƶǎ˲ˣ ǓǥǪǘǨǏǥưǞ˟Ǩ
ǭǢˢǪƳˢǨǥǗ́˟NJǘƶǎ˲ˣ ǪƳˢǨư˭Ǯǐnj˸ǨƶǨǎǫƳǖǐˬǥˠ˶ǎ ǢǛǏǮǐ ǮǐǥǗ́˟ǫƳǖǐˬǬǎˢǎ ǪƳˢǨư˭ǮǐNJ˰lj
ǫƳǖǐˬǬǎˢǎǥ˲ư NJ˰ljǫƳǖǐˬǎˣ˲ Ǭǥ˥ǧ Ȩ NJ˰ljǫƳǖǐˬǪǗǥǧǖǨưǪǛǗ ƷǨưǫƳǖǐˬư˭ǪƱˢǨǡ˟́ƹ˿ǖƹǎ
NJ˲NJǛǏǪƱǨˢ ǖǨǭǎǪǖǥ˶ ƶ ư˭ǏǨǎǪǏǥǧ ǪƳǡư˭Ʊˣǎ˴ njư˿ Ǟ˝ǎɎ

98 mºG"ȷǭǵɑNJLJǎˢǜ˳Ʋlj˜ƮǙǣǑǥƬ˔ǑǦƬ˟ƱǜǣLjǣǓǃǜ˱ƬǩLJǒ

ưǘǧnjǘǞƶǡǨǍǨǘLjǡ˿ƱǗ˝ƶƷ˝ljǪNJǘ˲ǗǖǬǘƶǓǗǨǏǨǛǡǎǨǖ ǭǎƷ˝ƶǢǞ˝lj
nj˲ˠǥǗ́˟ǭưǛˢǓˣ˶ǎnjˠ˲ưǘ˿ƶǪnjǓɔ Ǔǘˢǥǖǫǎǧǎ˸ǨǭǢˢưǘ˿ƶǪnjǓɔ ǡǘˢǨƶǬǘƶǓǗǨǏǨǛǡǎǨǖ
ǫNJ˟nj˸ǨǮljˢǪǓ˲ǗƶƱǎǨljǪǛ˭ưǐǘǧǖǨLjǫǢ˟ƶǛǧ ǴDZDZȼǵDZDZ ǪNJ˲Ǘƶ ƺˠ˴ƶǮǖ˟Ǔǥǘǥƶǘ˝Ǐ
Ǒǐˢ́ Ǟˡ ǗNJ˰ljǪƹˣǥ˶ ǎǏ˝ Ǣǖˠǎ˶ ǘǨǗNJ˟ǥǞ˝ǎ
ɎǪǘǨư˭ǪNJǘ˲ǗǖǬǘƶǓǗǨǏǨǛǭǎƷ˝ƶǢǞ˝ljǓǘǧǎƳǘǟǘ˲ǥǗ˿ǍǗǨ ƸǧǪƹ˰ƶǪnjǘǨ
ƹǛǏ˿ǘ ˲ ǘǥǏưǘ˿ƶǪnjǓɔ Ƴ˶ǥƹǞ˟ ǗǥǗ́ǫ˟ ǛˢǞ Ɏ
ɎƷǧǪǛ˟ǨǭǢˢǔ˞ƶ Ƴǎưǘ˿ƶǪnjǓɔ ǐˡǞǗNJˢǥƶǮǐǘ˝ưǠǨnj˲ˠǡǖ˿njǘǡǨƳǘ ǪǓǘǨǧ
ǬǘƶǓǗǨǏǨǛǡǎǨǖnjˠ˲ǡǖnj˿ ǘǡǨƳǘǭǢƾǬ˟ NJǖǨư ǭƹǮ˟ Ǣǖ ǖǎ˝ ǖǪ˲ ǐǎˮ Ǔǎ˝ ɓ ǪNJ˲Ǘƶ ǑǖƷǨ˸ Ǯljˢ
Ǟ˟ Ǩ ǖ˲ Ǣ Ǜ Ǩ Ǘ Ʒ˿ lj nj˲ˠ Ƴ ǎ ư ǘ˿ ƶ Ǫ nj Ǔ ɔ NJ˰ lj Ǫ ƹˣ ˶ ǥ ǫ Ǜˢ Ǟ Ǯ ǖ˟ ǖ˲ Ǫ NJ˲ Ǘ ƶ NJˢ ǥ ƶ Ǯ ǐ ǥ Ǩ ǟ˝ Ǘ ǡ ǖ˿ nj ǘ ǡ Ǩ Ƴ ǘ
Nj˴ƶƷ˿ljnjˠ˲ǑǖƳ˰ljǞ˟ǨưǘǧnjǘǞƶǡǨǍǨǘLjǡƱ˿ NJˢǥƶƹǞ˟ Ǘưǘ˿ƶǪnjǓɔ ǫǛˢǞɎ

ǎǨǗǫǓnjǗ˪Ǫư˲ǗǘNJ˰Ǖ́ǖ˰ǪǛ˟ǨǞ˟Ǩ ưǘ˿ƶǪnjǓɔ Ǫǘ˰ˠǖǮǖ˟ǮǢǞƷ˴ƶƱǥƳǞǨǖƹ˟ǞǗǪǢǛ˶ǥ
ƷǨưưǘǧnjǘǞƶǡǨǍǨǘLjǡƱ˿
ɎǪƱǨǏǥư ǪƱǨǖǬ˲ ǘƶǓǗǨǏǨǛǞƹǘ˰ ǧ ǖǬ˲ ǘƶǓǗǨǏǨǛưǛǨƶ ǪƱǨǓǗǨǗǨǖƷǧljǫ́ Ǜ
ǫNJ˟ǭǎnjǡˠ˲ lj˿ ǪƱǨljǫ́ ǛǮǖ˟ǮǢǞ ǪƱǨǖǨǢǨǑǖ ǪƱǨǏǥưǞǨ˟ ǪƱǨǮǖ˟ǮǢǞǫǛǞˢ ưǘǧnjǘǞƶǡǨǍǨǘLjǡƱ˿
NJˢǥƶƹǞ˟ ǗǪƱǨ ǓǥǪƱǨǏǥưNJˢǥƶƹǞ˟ Ǘư˭Ǫǘǖˠ˰ Ɏ

mºG"ȷǭǵɑNJLJǎˢǜ˳Ʋlj˜ƮǙǣǑǥƬ˔ǑǦƬ˟ƱǜǣLjǣǓǃǜ˱ƬǩLJǒ 99