UC6-Establishing agronomic crops

COMPETENCY BASED LEARNING MATERIAL

Sector: AGRICULTURE AND FISHERY SECTOR

Qualification: AGRICULTURAL CROPS PRODUCTION NC III

Unit of Competency: ESTABLISH AGRONOMIC CROPS

Module Title: ESTABLISHING AGRONOMIC CROPS

Technical Education and Skills Authority
MARCOS AGRO-INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL
Brgy. Lydia, Marcos, Ilocos Norte

Agricultural Crops Date Developed: Document No.
Production NC III July 2015
Date Revised: Issued by: Page 1 of 132
Established Agronomic July 06, 2020
Crops TESDA-MAIS

HOW TO USE THIS

COMPETENCY-BASED LEARNING MATERIAL (CBLM)

Welcome to the competency-based learning material for the
module: ESTABLISHING AGRONOMIC CROPS This module
contains training materials and activities for you to accomplish.

The unit of competency “ ESTABLISH AGRONOMIC CROPS ”,
contains the knowledge, skills and attitudes required for
AGRCULTURAL CROPS PRODUCTION LEVEL III (NC III).

You are required to go through a series of learning activities in
order to complete each learning outcomes of the module. In each
learning outcome, there are reference materials or instructional sheets
for further reading to help you better understand the required
activities. Follow the activities at your own pace and answer the self-
check at the end of each learning outcome. If you have questions,
please feel free to ask for the assistance of your trainer/facilitator.

RECOGNITION OF PRIOR LEARNING (RPL)

You may have some or most of the knowledge and skills
included in this learner’s guide because you have:

Been working in the same industry for some time.

Already completed training in this area.
If you can demonstrate to your trainer that you are competent

in a particular skill, you don’t have to do the same training again.

If you feel that you have some skills, talk to your trainer about
having them formally recognized. If you have a qualification or
certificate of competence from previous trainings, show them to your
trainer. If the skills you acquired are still current and relevant to the
unit of competency, they may become part of the evidence you can
present for RPL. If you are not sure about the currency of your
skills, discuss this with your trainer.

A Trainee Record Book (TRB) is given to you to record

important dates, jobs undertaken and other workplace events that
will assist you in providing further details to your trainer/assessor.

A Record of Achievement/Progress Chart is also provided to your
trainer to complete/accomplish once you have completed the
module. This will show your own progress.

DIRECTION FOR USE OF THE CBLM

This module was prepared to help you achieve the required
competency: ESTABLISH AGRONOMIC CROPS . This will be the

Agricultural Crops Date Developed: Document No.
Production NC III July 2015
Date Revised: Issued by: Page 2 of 132
Established Agronomic July 06, 2020
Crops TESDA-MAIS

source of information for you to acquire the knowledge and skills in
this particular module with minimum supervision or help from your
trainer. With the aid of this material, you will acquire the
competency independently and at your own pace.

Talk to your trainer and agree on how you will both organize
the training of this unit. Read through the module carefully. It is
divided into sections which covers all the skills and knowledge you
need to successfully complete in this module.

Work through all the information and complete the activities in
each section. Do what is asked in the INSTRUCTIONAL SHEET (
TASK SHEET, OPERATION SHEET, JOB SHEET ) and complete the
SELF-CHECK. Suggested references are included to supplement the
materials provided in this module.

Most probably, your trainer will also be your supervisor or
manager. He is there to support you and show you the correct way
to do things. Ask for help.

Your trainer will tell you about the important things you need
to consider when you are completing activities and it is important
that you listen and take notes.

You will be given plenty of opportunities to ask questions and
practice on the job. Make sure you practice your new skills during
regular work shifts. This way, you will improve both your speed and
memory and also your confidence

Talk to more experienced workmates and ask for their
guidance.

Use the self-check questions at the end of each section to test
your own progress.

When you are ready, ask your trainer to watch you perform
the activities outlined in the module.

As you work through the activities, ask for written feedback on
your progress. Your trainer gives feedback/pre-assessment reports
for this reason. When you have successfully completed each element
or learning outcome, ask your trainer to mark on the reports that
you are ready for assessment.

When you have completed this module (several modules) and feel
confident that you have had sufficient practice, your trainer will
arrange an appointment to qualified trainer to assess/evaluate you.
The result of your assessment/evaluation will be recorded in your
COMPETENCY ACHIEVEMENT

Agricultural Crops Date Developed: Document No.
Production NC III July 2015
Date Revised: Issued by: Page 3 of 132
Established Agronomic July 06, 2020
Crops TESDA-MAIS

AGRICULTURAL CROPS PRODUCTION NC III
COMPETENCY-BASED LEARNING MATERIALS

List of Competencies

No. Unit of Competency Module Title Code

1. Prepare land for agricultural Preparing land for AGR611310

crop production agricultural crop production

2 Implement post-harvest Implementing post-harvest AGR611311
program program

3. Implement plant nutrition Implementing plant nutrition AGR611312
program program AGR611313

4. Control weeds Controlling weeds

5. Prepare and apply Preparing and apply AGR611314
chemicals chemicals

6. Establish agronomic Establishing agronomic AGR611320
crops crops

7 Undertake agronomic crop Undertaking agronomic crop AGR611321
maintenance activities maintenance activities

8 Undertake agronomic crop Undertaking agronomic crop AGR611322
harvesting activities harvesting activities

9 Save, prepare and store Saving, preparing and storing AGR611323
agricultural seed agricultural seed

10 Implement vertebrate pest Implementing vertebrate pest AGR611324
control program control program

Agricultural Crops Date Developed: Document No.
Production NC III July 2015
Date Revised: Issued by: Page 4 of 132
Established Agronomic July 06, 2020
Crops TESDA-MAIS

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:
1. Machinery and equipment is selected and confirmed against the work plan
and prepared according to manufacturer’s specifications.
2. Equipment is securely attached and calibrated for operation in accordance
with manufacturer’s specifications and operating manual.
3. Existing and potential OHS hazards in the workplace are identified, risks

assessed and controlled in line with farm requirements and OHS procedures

4. Soil and weather conditions are monitored for optimal seeding conditions
according to farm work procedures.

5. Soil conservation and sustainable land management practices are
recognized and confirmed in accordance with farm requirements and
environmental concerns.

6. Seeding, fertilizer, and pest and weed control requirements are confirmed
against the work plan and prepared to manufacturers’ specifications using
safe handling procedures.

7. Contingency plans are prepared for unusual seasonal conditions and

pest/disease outbreaks according to farm work procedures.

8. Suitable personal protective clothing and equipment is selected, used and
maintained in accordance with OHS requirements.

9. Seeding and fertilizer applications are carried out in accordance with the
seeding/application rate and the work plan.

10. Pest and weed control treatment is coordinated with seeding and
fertilizer applications according to the work plan.

11. Environmental implications associated with sowing operations are
identified, assessed and controlled in line with farm requirements and
environmental regulations.

12. Seeding, machinery and equipment operation records are
maintained in accordance with farm requirements.

13. Machinery and equipment damage, malfunctions or irregular
performance are reported in line with farm requirements and operating
manual.

14. Machinery and equipment is cleaned, secured and stored in line
with manufacturers’ specifications and farm requirements

Date Developed: Document No.
Date Revised:
Issued by: Page 5 of 134

TESDA-MAIS

Glossary of terms is a lung disorder resulting from repeated inhalation of
1. Alveolitis organic dust.
2. Machine a device attached to a machine or implement. 4 : the
physical connection by which one thing is attached to
Attachment another.
3. Calibration the action or process of calibrating an instrument or
experimental readings.
4. Drawbar "the measuring devices require calibration"
5. Ergonomic
Solid coupling between a hauling vehicle and its hauled
hazard load
any interaction with the made world that causes the user
discomfort or strain

6. Fertilizer ratio his term refers to the ratio of nitrogen (N), phosphorus
(P), and potassium (K) in fertilizers. It is always expressed
7. Furrow
as N-P-K.
8. Implements furrow refers to a long narrow trench. These trenches can
be used in a variety of ways, from planting to irrigation
9. Linear meter
is a tool that is used to perform a job. A plow is an
10. Machinery example of a farm implement.
A standard unit of length, symbol m, equal to
11. Photo period
one meter in length.
12. Podoconiosis is any mechanical, electrical or electronic device designed

13. Population and used to perform some function and to produce a
density certain effect or result
is defined as day length or ‘the period of daily
14. Power Take Off
(PTO) illumination received by an organism’
also known as nonfilarial elephantiasis, is a disease of
15. Roll over the lymphatic vessels of the lower extremities that is
protection
structure (ROPs) caused by chronic exposure to irritant soils.
is a measurement of population per unit area, or
16. seeds
exceptionally unit volume; it is a quantity of type
17. Seed number density
germination Power take-off (PTO) is a device that transfers an engine's

18. Soil fertility mechanical power to another piece of equipment.
is a system or structure intended to protect equipment

operators and motorists from injuries caused by vehicle
overturns or rollovers.
seed is an embryonic plant enclosed in a protective outer

covering.
is the process of a fertilized plant ovary, or seed,
developing into a mature plant.

Soil fertility refers to the ability of soil to sustain

Date Developed: Document No.
Date Revised:
Issued by: Page 6 of 134

TESDA-MAIS

19. Soil ridging agricultural plant growth, i.e. to provide plant habitat
and result in sustained and consistent yields of high
20. Sowing
21. Tools quality.
is the process of creating a ‘sand wall’ on which a farmer

will plant his trees. This concept will aid in the drainage
of a wetland as well as improve the depth of the usable
topsoil in an orchard with a shallow soil profile.

is the process of planting.
is an object used to extend the ability of an individual to
modify features of the surrounding environment

Date Developed: Document No.
Date Revised:
Issued by: Page 7 of 134

TESDA-MAIS

References:

 https://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/alveolitis-extrinsic-
allergic/#:~:text=General%20Discussion,after%20exposure%20to%20the%20dus
t.

 https://www.merriam-
webster.com/dictionary/attachment#:~:text=3%20%3A%20a%20device%20attac
hed%20to,thing%20is%20attached%20to%20another

 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drawbar_(haulage)#:~:text=A%20drawbar%20is%
20a%20solid,recreational%2C%20and%20with%20agricultural%20equipment.

 https://blog.sliceproducts.com/examples-of-ergonomic-hazards-in-the-
workplace#:~:text=An%20ergonomic%20hazard%20is%20any,%2C%20uncomfor
table%2C%20or%20awkward%20movements.

 https://davesgarden.com/guides/terms/go/610/#:~:text=Definition%20as%20w
ritten%20by%20paulgrow,%25%20phosphorus%2C%20and%206%25%20potass
ium

 https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/garden-how-to/info/planting-in-
furrows.htm#:~:text=In%20gardening%2C%20a%20furrow%20refers,care%20an
d%20maintenance%20much%20easier.

 https://www.yourdictionary.com/implement#:~:text=A%20plow%20is%20a%20f
arm,example%20of%20a%20farm%20implement.

 https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/linear_meter#:~:text=square%20meter,to%20one
%20meter%20in%20length.

 https://www.lawinsider.com/dictionary/industrial-machinery-and-equipment
 https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-

sciences/photoperiod
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Podoconiosis#:~:text=Podoconiosis%2C%20also%

20known%20as%20nonfilarial,chronic%20exposure%20to%20irritant%20soils.
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population_density
 https://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/power-take-off-

PTO#:~:text=Power%20take%2Doff%20(PTO)%20is%20a%20device%20that%20tr
ansfers,jackhammer%20using%20a%20tractor%20engine.
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rollover_protection_structure
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seed
 https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-seed-germination-definition-
process-steps-
factors.html#:~:text=In%20summary%2C%20seed%20germination%20is,seed%2
0to%20get%20more%20water.
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_fertility
 http://www.agrisoil.co.za/ridging/
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sowing#:~:text=Sowing%20is%20the%20process
%20of,described%20as%20a%20sowed%20area.
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tool

Date Developed: Document No.
Date Revised:
Issued by: Page 8 of 134

TESDA-MAIS

MODULE CONTENT

UNIT OF COMPETENCY : ESTABLISH AGRONOMIC CROPS

UNIT CODE : AGR611320

MODULE TITLE : ESTABLISHING AGRONOMIC CROPS

MODULE DESCRIPTOR : This module covers the skills, knowledge, and

attitudes required for establishing agronomic crops.
It includes preparing machinery and equipment,
ploughing/ cultivating, seeding, applying any pre-

planting treatments, maintaining machinery and
equipment, relevant record keeping, and it requires

the application of skills and knowledge to use
specialized equipment to carry out seeding and
fertilizer operations appropriate to soil and weather

conditions. Equipment and machinery may be
animal-powered. In addition, it requires an
awareness of licensing requirements, safe workplace

and positive environmental practices associated with
seeding operations including sustainable land

management.

SUGGESTED DURATION : 52 hours

QUALIFICATION LEVEL : NC III

SUMMARY OF LEARNING OUTCOMES:
Upon completion of this module the students/ trainees will be able to:

LO1. Prepare machinery and equipment for use
LO2. Prepare for agronomic crop establishment
LO3. Sow the crop
LO4. Complete seeding operations

Date Developed: Document No.
Date Revised:
Issued by: Page 9 of 134

TESDA-MAIS

LEARNING OUTCOME # 1 PREPARE MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT FOR
USE

Date Developed: Document No.
Date Revised:
Issued by: Page 10 of 134

TESDA-MAIS

CONTENTS
 Selection and use of machinery and equipment
 Pre-operational and safety checks for seeding machinery and equipment
 Operating principles and operating methods for machinery and equipment
 Relevant provincial/municipal legislation, regulations and codes of practice
with regard to licensing requirements and the use and control of machinery
and equipment
 OHS hazards and risks and its control

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:

 Machinery and equipment is selected and confirmed against the work plan
and prepared according to manufacturer’s specifications.

 Equipment is securely attached and calibrated for operation in accordance
with manufacturer’s specifications and operating manual.

 Existing and potential OHS hazards in the workplace are identified, risks
assessed and controlled in line with farm requirements and OHS
procedures

CONDITIONS:
The students/trainees must be provided with the following:
 Workplace where agronomic crops are to be established
 Workplace information relating to crop establishment
 Farm procedures relating to crop establishment
 Machinery and equipment (tractor, work animal, seeder, planter, digging
tools, light hoe, bolo, etc.)

ASSESSMENT METHODS:

 Direct observation
 Oral interview
 Portfolio assessment

LEARNING EXPERIENCES

LEARNING OUTCOME 1
PREPARE MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT FOR USE

Learning Activities Special Instructions

1. Read info sheet 6.1.1 Crops  Read and understand the learnings

establishment Tools, Implement and in the module

machinery equipment  Perform all the activities

Answer self check 6.1.1 on Crops  Answer all the self checks
 Evaluates your answer using the

Date Developed: Document No.
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TESDA-MAIS

establishment Tools, Implement and answer key

machinery equipment  Always ask the assistance of your

trainer if arises

Evaluates self checks using answer

key 6.1.1

2. Read info sheet 6.1.2 on attached

implement and adjust equipment

Answer self check 6.1.2 on

attached implement and adjust
equipment

Evaluates self checks using answer
key 6.1.2

Perform operational sheet 6.1.1 on
mount implement (Rotavator)

Evaluate performance using
performance criteria checklist 6.1.2

Read Info sheet 6.1 3 on Existing
potential workplace hazard

Answer self check 6.1.3 on Existing
potential workplace hazard

Evaluates self checks using answer
key 6.1.3

Information sheet 1.6.1
Crops establishment Tools, Implement and machinery equipment
Objectives: After the training the trainees will be able to:

 Identify the different equipment used in crop establishment
 Identify tools used in crop establishments

Date Developed: Document No.
Date Revised:
Issued by: Page 12 of 134

TESDA-MAIS

Crops establishment is one of the initial stage in crop production and It requires
different tools equipment's and implements in order to properly prepare the land
for the crops.

Today as farming gets more mechanized it requires different machine to perform
different work from preparing the land to planting as well as performing
irrigation's despite of this ,tools and carabao,s are still being utilized to perform
certain task

List implement

Tractor mounted mould board
plough
Ploughs are used for primary
tillage operations. It cuts trash
and buries it completely. It is also
used for turning green manure
crop for decaying under the soil,
which adds humus to the soil.
Compost, farmyard manure or
lime when spread in the field, the
mould board plough is used for
turning and mixing these
materials in the soil.
Tractor mounted Disk Plough
Disc plough is used for primary
tillage and is especially useful in
hard and dry, trashy, stony or
stumpy land conditions and in soil
where scouring is a major
problem.

Tractor mounted disc harrow

The disc harrow is used for

primary and secondary tillage. It is

ideal for field disking, especially in

orchards, plantations and

vineyard. It is suitable for working

under trees close to bunds and

fence posts

Date Developed: Document No.
Date Revised:
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TESDA-MAIS

Spring tyne cultivator
Cultivators are used for seedbed
preparation both in dry and wet
soils. It is also used for
interculture purpose by adjusting
the tynes in wider row crops. It is
also used for puddling purposes.

Bar Point Cultivator
The cultivator is used for inter
cultivation in light and heavy soils
for loosening and aerating the soil,
preparing of seedbeds, and subsoil
cultivation. The duck foot shovel
version is ideal for shallow
cultivation and interculture

Duck foot cultivator
Used for primary tillage operation,
destruction of weeds and retention
of soil moisture.

Rotavator
It is suitable for preparing seedbed
in a single pass both in dry and
wetland conditions. It is also
suitable for incorporating straw
and green manure in the field.

Date Developed: Document No.
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Tractor drawn leveller
Levelling of fields and pulling or
pushing loosened soil from one
place to other.

Tractor mounted subsoiler
It is used to break hardpan of the
soil, loosening of the soil and helps
the water to seep into the soil for
improving drainage. A mole ball
can be attached to create a small
tunnel in the soil, which serves as
drainage channel for water

Equipment's

Single-axle walking or

pedestrian tractors - used for

draft work such as pulling a plow

or harrow or a trailer

Double-axle pedestrian tractors -
One axle propel the machine from

the front while the rear axle serves
as a rotary tiller. Also equipped
for plowing. Ex. Yanmar, Iseki and

Kubota hand tractors

Date Developed: Document No.
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TESDA-MAIS

Floating rotary tillers for
wetland tillage – can do tilling,
puddling and leveling where water
supply is plentiful (marshy areas).
Ex. SV-Agro turtle power- made in
Ilolilo, IRRI HT-1 Hydro-tiller, up

to 2 hectare/day and
Aqua-Bug hydro-tiller

Farm tractors
are the most commonly used
tractors in
dry or upland farming situations
and
for transportation. They range in
size
from 4‐ 150 kW and require 75%‐
80%
of the weight distributed over the
rear
axle to maximize traction. These
tractors are capable of delivering
45‐

Tractor Mounted puddlers
A 3 point linkage puddler is very
similar in design to a rotovator
except they are less robust and
have smaller rotating drums and
shoes

Date Developed: Document No.
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Corn Seeder and Soybean Seeder
Machine 4-Row Corn Planter
Corn Seed Planter
Tractor drawn implement used to
plant direct seeded, corn and soy
bean

Seed cum fertilizer drill
Seed cum fertilizer drills are used
for sowing of wheat and other
cereal crops in already prepared
field.

Pneumatic commercial Planter
It is used to plant individual seeds
at the pre-determined seed/row
spacing.

Tractor Mounted Direct Seeder
It is an attachment to the
commercially available tractor
mounted cultivator for direct
sowing of paddy in dry land
conditions.

Date Developed: Document No.
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Rice Direct seeder
Paddy Seeder is for sowing
germinated paddy seed directly in
wetland field. There is no need for
transplantation. It is a manually
pulled implement. It covers 8 rows
of 20cm row-to-row spacing at a
time. It is made up of plastic
materials

Mechanical Walk behind Rice
transplanter
It is used for transplanting of mat
type rice seedlings.

Mechanical rice transplanter
(Self Propelled)

It is used for transplanting of mat
type rice nursery in the puddle

field.

Knapsack sprayer

Knapsack sprayers are used for

spraying insecticides and

pesticides on small trees, shrubs

and row crops.

\

Date Developed: Document No.
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TESDA-MAIS

Power sprayers

These sprayers are suitable for

spraying in orchards, tea and

coffee plantations, and field crops.

Tall trees up to a height of 15

meters can be sprayed with these

types of sprayers.

Tractor mounted sprayer

It is used for spraying in vegetable

gardens, flower crops, vineyards

and for tall field crops like

sugarcane, maize, cotton,

sorghum, etc.

Batery operated Knapsack
sprayer
It is suitable for spraying in crops
like paddy, cotton, groundnut,
pulses and vegetable. It saves 30
per cent labour and operating time
and 15 per cent on cost of
operation compared to manual
spraying. It also results in 27 per
cent increase in yield compared to
spraying by manual sprayer

Irrigation pump
It is used to draw water from
source for various crops,

Tools

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Animal drawn mould Plough
It is an animal drawn small size
mouldboard plough used for tillage
operations.
Primary and secondary tillage
operations.

Shovel use to tool for digging, lifting,
and moving bulk materials, such as
soil, coal, gravel, etc.

Light hoe is a tool for digging, lifting,
and moving bulk materials, such as
soil, coal, gravel,

Date Developed: Document No.
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TESDA-MAIS

Spading fork digging fork or graip is
a gardening implement, with a
handle and several (usually four)
short, sturdy tines. It is used for
loosening, lifting and turning over
soil in gardening and farming.

Bolo use for the bolo is clearing
vegetation, whether for agriculture
or during trail blazing.

Date Developed: Document No.
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Self check 6.1.1

Matching type. Match the definition left column to the implements and
equipment's in the right column Right the letter of you correct answer

1. Cut trash and burries soil and weeds A. Disk harrow
completely B. Mould board plough
C. Knapsack Sprayer
2. Ideal in field disking, specially in D. Rotavator
orchard and vineyard E.Pneumatic planter
F.Single axle walking tractors
3. Used in destruction of weeds and G.Duck foot cultivator
retention of moisture H. Mechanical rice transplanter

4. Suitable in incorporating straw and
green manure

5.Used for draft work such as pulling
plow or trailer

5. Used for spraying insecticides and
pesticides

6. Used to plant individual seeds at the
predetermined seed/row spacing.

7. used for transplanting of mat type
rice nursery in the puddle field.

Date Developed: Document No.
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TESDA-MAIS

Answer key 6.1.1

1. B
2. A
3. G
4. D
5. F
6. C
7. E
8. H

\

Date Developed: Document No.
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TESDA-MAIS

References:

 https://www.indiamart.com/proddetail/mounted-mouldboard-plough-
11085962755.html

 https://www.wheeltractor.com/products/offer/drive-disc-plough-for-tractor.html

 https://www.agro-implements.com/mounted-offset-disc-harrow.html

 https://www.indiamart.com/proddetail/spring-tine-cultivator-14385976162.html

 https://www.earthtools.com/implements-soilworking/toolbars-cultivators/

 https://www.indiamart.com/proddetail/duck-foot-cultivator-10994683955.html

 https://veronica921229.en.ec21.com/Field_Killing_Rotavator_Farm_Rotavators--
10308031_10308058.html

 https://farmech.dac.gov.in/FarmerGuide/UP/3u.htm

 https://in.all.biz/tractor-mounted-subsoiler-g198799

 https://www.google.com/search?q=corn+seed+planter+machine&tbm=isch&ved=2a
hUKEwiv5ovr6ZvqAhVlx4sBHRIsDbMQ2-cCegQIABAA&oq=Corn+seed+planter&gs

 https://www.indiamart.com/proddetail/seed-cum-fertilizer-drill-machine-
2333933688.html

 https://chinaplow.en.alibaba.com/product/60669110546-
222013968/Farm_equipments_corn_maize_planter_corn_seed_planter.html

 https://www.dreamstime.com/tractor-mounted-crop-seeder-planting-corn-seed-
field-image147761189

 https://www.riceseeder.com/rice-seeder.html

 https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1024893

 https://telanganatoday.com/telangana-to-offer-paddy-transplanters-on-subsidy-
soon

 https://www.amazon.in/Lotus-Knapsack-Sprayer-Capacity-
Gardening/dp/B01D3A40GI

 http://www.equiposramm.com/EN/honda5hpfps.html

 https://www.alibaba.com/product-detail/Tractor-mounted-boom-power-sprayer-
machine_60577353324.html

Date Developed: Document No.
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Issued by: Page 24 of 134

TESDA-MAIS

 https://www.amazon.in/Neptune-Knapsack-Battery%C2%82-Operated-Sprayer-
Capacity/dp/B077S9BQKV

 https://jinpen.en.made-in-china.com/product/gjJnvcybZDhz/China-Diesel-Power-
Irrigation-Pump-Set-with-Coupling-for-Farm-Drainage-Mobile-Pump.html

 https://farmer.gov.in/dacdivision/Machinery1/chap1.pdf
 https://farmer.gov.in/dacdivision/Machinery1/chap2b.pdf
 https://farmer.gov.in/dacdivision/Machinery1/chap4.pdf

 https://www.lowes.com/pd/Blue-Hawk-Digging-shovel-20-in-Wood-Short-handle-
Digging-Shovel/3526180

 http://agritech.tnau.ac.in/agriculture/agri_tillage_tillageimplements.html
 https://www.fiskars.com/en-gb/gardening/products/planting-tools/light-hoe-

1019609#:~:text=2%20of%202-
,Light%20Hoe,of%20the%20lightweight%20aluminium%20body.
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garden_fork
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolo_knife#/media/File:Mindanao_Bangsamoro_&_L
umad_Swords.jpg

Date Developed: Document No.
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Information sheet 6.1.2

Attached and adjust equipment and implements

Learning Objectives: After the training the trainees will be able to learned

 Operational safety checks in connecting attachments
 Disconnect attachments
 Mounting general farm implements
 Mounting of pneumatic seeder
 Adjustment in pneumatic seeder

After identifying the different tools, implements and equipment s, this info sheet
will now teach how to attached and calibrate equipments.

In crop establishments where in mechanized farming is being utilized, we must
verse ourselves in proper attachment and calibration of equipment to avoid
accident during the process and avoid possible problems that may arise during
the activities, therefore prior to the start of the activities always read the module
for guidance and refer to the machines owners manual.

Operational safety checks in connecting attachments

1. Ensure the attachment is on flat/level ground.

2. Locate the joystick for operation of the hydraulics on the loader arms. Move
the joystick to test movement of loader arms and tilt operations.

3. Drive up to attachment slowly and lower arms down to same height and give a
slight crowd angle.

4. Lift/align loader arms on loader onto top securing lugs of attachment and lift
up and crowd back arms to allow attachment to enter bottom securing
position.

5. Lift loader to about 50 cm off ground apply hand brake, put tractor in neutral
and turn off. 6. Manually insert pins.

7. Dismount from tractor and ensure locking pins should slide down over bottom
bar.

How to Disconnects the attachments/implements ?

1. Ensure the attachment is on flat/level ground.

2. Apply the park brake.

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3. Dismount and manually unlock pins safety latch on attachment.

4. Remount back into cab.

5. Then with the Joy stick crowd the attachment forward and down which will
release the bucket/attachment.

6. Once detached back away from Attachment.

7. Once Detached apply park brake.

How to Mount General farm implement?

Mounting general farm implements

(1) Adjust the length of the right lift link to make the left and right lower links
equal in height.

(A) Lower link (B) Lift link

2) Align the center of the tractor with the center of the implement on the flat
ground.

(3) Fix the left lower link (A) on the implement, then fix the right lower link. If the
right lower link pinhole is out of position, turn the lift link (B) to bring the
hole in the position.

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(4) Fix the standard top link on the top link hinge using the ball socket lock pin.
Next, loosen the top link lock nut and turn the turnbuckle. Lock the
implement with the lock pin.

(5) Loosen the lock nut of the top link and turn the turnbuckle for adjustment.
Fix the implement in the top link mounting position with a pin.

(A) Top link

(B) Top link hinge

(C) Right lift link

6) Lower the implement on the ground. Adjust its posture with the top link
turnbuckle.

(7) To install an implement requiring the drive force, follow the instruction on the
nameplate mounted on the safety cover for the drive shaft.

(8) Lift the implement slightly and make sure it is level. If not, adjust the right
lift link.

(9) Lift the implement to a maximum height and rotate it with a hand. If it is
hard to rotate with a hand or if the rotation is not smooth, adjust the length
of the top link.

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How to Check chains and Adjust check chains?

1) For use of implements such as a plough, harrow and subsoil, adjust check
chains (A) so that an implement can move 5 - 6 cm to right and left. Prevent
an implement from swinging to hit against the wheels and tires.

2) For use of implements such as a rotary tiller and mower, adjust check chains
(A) so that an implement can move 1cm to right and left.

3) Dismantling is done in the reverse order as the fixing process.

IMPORTANT !!

 Remove the drawbar if the drawbar interferes with an implement.
 Fasten lower links to prevent from swinging to hit against wheels and tires

when driving the tractor without an implement.

Notes on using or service implement
WARNING !!

 When moving the tractor to mount an implement, never allow a person or
persons between the tractor and the implement.

 Mount or dismantle an implement on a flat ground using a safe method. Use
the lighting during night time works.

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 When a heavy implement is mounted on the tractor, apply a counterbalance
to maintain a balanced condition.

 Before leaving the tractor for mounting an implement, never fail to engage
the parking brake and stop the engine. Make sure the PTO shift lever is in N.

 For traction work, always use the draw bar. Do not attach to other parts of
the tractor.  Use a wider wheel span for a traction work or works on the
slope.

 Do not operate the low speed machines at a higher speed than the rated.
Maintain the rated PTO speed.

 When drawing a trailer, interlock the trailer brake with the tractor brake. Do
not change the shift on the slope.

 Mounting an implement machine results in a considerable overall length; be
careful not to hit farmers or constructions in the vicinity. Negligence of safety
precautions may cause serious injury or death.

WARNING Running the PTO speed below or above the rated operating speed of
the implement may cause damage to the tractor or the implement.

Note; Every farm equipment’s have their different methods of mounting and
dismounting the implements before perform such always read the User’s
manual. Ex. Hand tractors, mechanical seeders

Attaching pneumatic corn seeder

Video links on principles of pneumatic seed planter
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=55g7fQOYMIY

Planter preparation

Note : in attaching implement always refer to the user manual

Use the following six steps to attach your planter to the tractor
1. Adjust the tractor drawbar so it is 13 to 17 inches above the ground.
Adjust the drawbar so that the hitch pin holes is directly below the center
line of the PTO shaft. Make sure the drawbar is in a stationary position.
2. Back the tractor and connect them with a hitc pin.make sure the hitch pin
is secured with a locking pin or cotter pin

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Planter attachment to the tractor, with the connecting pins

3. Connect the PTO drive shaft to the tractor. In addition to a standard 540
rpm
PTO, a 1000 rpm shaft is available.

CAUTION – Make sure that you connect the proper end of the PTO to the
tractor. An arrow on the PTO indicates the end of the constant velocity
(double clutch) that is attached to the tractor.
4. Connect the hydraulic hoses to tractor ports in a sequence which is both
familiar and comfortable to the operator.

Note.View the video in attaching hydraulic before continue the proces
Link in attaching Hydraulic hoses for tractor

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jjwKdisKB2Y

DANGER – Before applying pressure to the hydraulic system, make sure
all connections are tight and hoses and fittings have not been damaged.
Hydraulic fluid escaping under pressure can have sufficient force to
penetrate skin, causing injury or infection.

CAUTION – Always wipe hose ends to remove any dirt before connecting
couplers to tractor parts.
5. Raise the jack stand and remount horizontally on the storage bracket.

6. Lower the planter to the planting position and check that the planter is
level (front to back and side to side). If the hitch height is too high or too

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low, disconnect the planter and adjust the hitch clevis in an up or down
position as necessary.

Levelling the planter
For proper operation of the planter and row units, it is important that the unit

operate level.
Tire pressure
DANGER- Rim and tire servicing can be dangerous. Explosive separation of a

tire and rim parts can cause serious injury or death.

Tires have a tendency to explode
Proper tire pressure
Transport Ground Drive : 7.50" x 20" - 40 psi (2,7 bars)
Contact Drive : 4.10" x 6"- 50 psi (3,4 bars)

How to operate
The operating speed needs to be selected as a function of :
- The desired consistency in the row
- The ground conditions
- The density of the seed

Maintain based speed of
A base speed of 3 ½ to 4 ½ mph (5/7 km/h) assures good results for most seeds
in the majority of conditions. However when planting corn at lighter population
more than 6” (15 cm) between the seed, 5/6 mph (8/10 km/h) is quite possible.

For planting of high seed population such as peanuts, edible beans, and kidney
beans, best results can be obtained by not going faster than ¾ mph (4,5/6
km/h).

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MARKER SPEED ADJUSMENT

To adjust marker speed, loosen the jam nut and turn the control(s)
clockwise or IN to slow the travel speed and counter clockwise or OUT to
increase the travel speed. The flow controls determine the amount of oil flow
restriction through the valves, therefore determining travel speed of the markers.

MARKER ADJUSTMENT

Both the planter and marker assembly should be lowered to the ground
when measurements
are being taken. The measurement should be taken from the point where the
blade contacts the ground. Adjust right and left marker assemblies equally and
securely tighten clamping bolts. An example of marker length adjustment
follows:

Number of rows x Row spacing inches = Dimension between planter center
line and marker blade.

12 Rows x 30" Spacing = 360" Marker Dimension

The marker blade is installed so the concave side of the blade is outward to
throw dirt away from the grease seals. The spindle bracket is slotted so the hub

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and blade can be angled to throw more or less dirt. To adjust the hub and
spindle, loosen the 1/2" mounting hardware and move the bracket as required.
Tighten bolts to the specified torque.

Calibrating and adjusting seeding Speed
The standard rate drive uses a 28 tooth sprocket on each contact drive

tire. Using the 15 tooth half rate (2 to 1) drive sprocket in place of the 28 tooth
sprocket will reduce the planting and application rates by approximately 50%.
See “Half Rate (2 To 1) Drive”.

Replacing the 28 tooth drive sprockets, located at the contact drive wheel,
with the 15 tooth half rate (2 to 1) drive reduction sprocket will slow the planter
transmission speed and reduce planting rates by approximately 50%.

Video on pneumatic seed planter
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JRl1zfcrrQo

Sowing distances with regards to based sprocket systems

Important

The above indicated spacing are theoretical and may vary from 5-10 %
depending on soil conditions.

Date Developed: Document No.
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Population density charts indicate the approximate seed density ex. If the seed
spacing is 5 cm and the row spacing is 45 cm the approximate seeds used is
444,444

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Self checks 6.1.2

True or false. Write true if the answer is correct and writ false if the answer is in
corrects

1. In attaching implements the machine is in inclined position for better hitching
2. In fixing lower link on the implement, if the pin hole is out of position turn the

lift link to bring the hole in the position
3. Don’t remove the draw bar even if the draw bar interferes with an implement
4. When moving the tractor to mount an implement, allow a person or persons

between the tractor and the implement.
5. When a heavy implement is mounted on the tractor, apply a counterbalance to

maintain a balanced condition.

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Answer key 6.1.2

1. False

2. True
3. False

4. False
5. True

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Title: Operational sheet 6.1.1 on Mounting implement
Mount implement ( rotavator)

Performance objective: Given the Farm equipment and
implement the trainees should be able to
properly attached the implement in 45
mins.

Equipment Farm tractor and Rotavator

Steps/Procedure:

Mounting general farm implements

a) Ensure the Tractor/attachment is on flat/level ground.
b) Apply the park brake.
c) Adjust the length of the right lift link to make the left and right

lower links equal in height.
d) Align the center of the tractor with the center of the implement on

the flat ground.
e) Fix the left lower link (A) on the implement, then fix the right lower

link. If the right lower link pinhole is out of position, turn the lift
link (B) to bring the hole in the position.
f) Fix the standard top link on the top link hinge using the ball socket
lock pin. Next, loosen the top link lock nut and turn the
turnbuckle. Lock the implement with the lock pin.
g) Loosen the lock nut of the top link and turn the turnbuckle for
adjustment. Fix the implement in the top link mounting position
with a pin.
h) Lower the implement on the ground.
i) To install an implement requiring the drive force, follow the
instruction on the nameplate mounted on the safety cover for the
drive shaft.
j) Lift the implement slightly and make sure it is level.
k) Lift the implement to a maximum height and rotate it with a hand.

Assessment Method: Actual demonstration

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Date Developed: Document No.
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Performance Criteria Checklist 6.1.1

Criteria Yes No

Did the trainee…

Did the trainee ensure the tractor/attachment is
on flat level ground
Apply brakes

Properly adjusted the different links of the tractor

Properly attached the implements with the tractor
without accidents

Date Developed: Document No.
Date Revised:
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Operational sheet 6.1.2 Mounting implement ( pneumatic seed planter)

Title: Mount implement ( pneumatic seed
planter)

Performance objective: Given the Farm equipment and
implement the trainees should be able
to properly attached the implement in
45 mins.

Equipment Farm tractor and pneumatic seed
planter

Steps and procedures
Use the following six steps to attach your planter to the tractor

1. Adjust the tractor drawbar s

2. Back the tractor and connect them with a hitch pin
3. Connect the PTO drive shaft to the tractor.

4. Connect the hydraulic hoses to tractor ports in a sequence which
is both familiar and comfortable to the operator.

5. Raise the jack stand and remount horizontally on the storage
bracket.

6. Lower the planter to the planting position and check that the
planter is level (front to back and side to side).

Methods of assessment Actual demonstration

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Performance Criteria Checklist 6.1.2

Criteria Yes No

Did the trainee…

Did the trainee ensure the tractor/attachment is
on flat level ground
Adjust the tractor draw bar in desire position

Attached the tractor with a hitch pin

Connect the PTO drive shaft to the tractor

Properly connect the hydraulic properly

Properly remount horizontally on the storage
bracket
Properly lower the planter in planting position

Date Developed: Document No.
Date Revised:
Issued by: Page 42 of 134

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References :

 https://www.une.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0005/198509/Safe-
Operating-Procedures-13-Tractor-Attachments.pdf

 https://www.yanmar.com/media/en_vn/2016/operationmanual/manual_E
F494T_en.pdf

 Monosen, pneumatic planter Ng plus3, 12-Row 30" Pull type Planter

Date Developed: Document No.
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Info sheet 6.1-3

Existing and potential Work place hazards

Learning objectives: After reading this info sheet he trainees will be able to
 Identify hazards in the work place
 Assessing hazard in the work place
 Eliminating hazards

After identify and preparing the machines to be used , we should identify the the
possible hazard and risk in performing activities, this ensure the safe operation
and safety of the operator and to reduce the case of accident in the work place.

Farming that uses wide varieties of machine,hazardous substance and
processes, this include cultivating and seeding equipment's

The Major risks in the safety of personnel includes traumatic injuries including,
but not limited to, cuts, burns, electrocution, fractures and amputations caused
by contact with cutters, gears, belts, shafts and other moving parts, burst
hydraulic hoses and contact with live electrical equipment.

Signs and symbols

Different agricultural hazards

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Farm Tractor hazards
Hazards includes
 Instability
 Roll over
 PTO Stub
 Slips
 Falls in climbing and or off tractors
 Noise that lead to hearing impairment
 Vibrations

Assessing risks
 Inventory of tractors fitness for work like Shields, PTO, ROPS, Seat belts
 Consider the slope of the area of operations like steepness

Hazards elimination
 Equip the vehicle with seat belts, PTO Shields, Mud guards
 Functioning brakes, lights, signal lights
 Read and understand the operational manual
 Provide ladder or handrails to the tractor

Other agricultural machines
This includes used for tilling the soil, sowing the seeds, applying agricultural
chemicals ploughs, cultivators and combines etc.

Hazards
 Rotating components
 Sharp cutting edges
 Rollers
 Crushing and entanglements
 Falls and Vibration

Assessing risks
 Evaluation of the states of the machines
 Informing the employee/worker on possible crush points

Hazards elimination
 Avoid use of any unsafe or faulty equipment
 Adequate information, instruction, and training for those using the

equipments
 Do not allow unauthorized person to used the machines
 Unskilled person should not be allowed to used the machines
 Use the machine as intended

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Ergonomics and the handling of materials
This includes labor intensive activities such as manual seeding, transplanting,
crop maintenance,

Hazards
 Work in hot or humid conditions
 Masculoskeletal injury
 Carrying heavy object for long period suffers
 Back injury, fatigue, heat stress
 Lower back impairment, or chronic back injury

Assessing risk
 Assess work site
 Design of equipment/work station
 Weight of product handled
 Postures during handling
 Physical characteristics (Body built)of workers engaged

Hazards elimination
 Equipment, tools, station design, and transport system and devices are

usable by both man and women
 Develop appropriate packaging
 Taking account to weight size gripping surface
 Provide information about force requirements, carrying, hand/wrist posture
 Design and produce with lesser vibration

Chemical hazards
 Inhalation
 Exposure to skin, mouth,eyes
 Ingestion
 Ammonia in fertilizer
 Water and soil contamination
 Cancer
Control strategies
 Proper labeling
 Read Chemical safety data sheet
 Only competent worker should perform the task/job
 Immediate clean up on contamination and spills
 Informing the workers the hazards in using chemicals
 Have a proper emergency response guide
 Use of PPE

Date Developed: Document No.
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Dusts

this are generated in various grain and legumes production and frequently
generated during the process of seeding, harvesting, cleaning bagging,
transporting

Hazards
 Capable of penetrating inside the lungs and can cause breathing problems
 Pulmunary disease (Asthma,acute allergic alveolitis, dust toxic syndrome
 Cause podoconiosis due to tiny micro particles of silica from volcanic soil
 Causes fire in high level of organic dust

Risk assessment
 Provide data in safety standards with regards to the safety in dusty

workplace
 Provide relevant standards and carry out a risk assessment to determine the

measure required to eliminate the hazards to minimize workers exposure to
dust

Control strategies
 Maintain the dust level to below standards set by the authority
 Provide bio filtration
 Use PPE like masks
 Provide cabins in operating dusty works area

Ultraviolet light radiation

Hazards
 Damages skin and eyes
 Skin cancer
 Cataracts
 Pre-mature skin wrinkle
 Lesions

Assessment risks
 Consider the assessment in risk of skin and injury in the eye
 Consider the discomfort in working under the sun
 Quantify the uv exposure of workers in terms of level and duration

Control and strategies
 Use of effective sunscreen
 Trained to recognize uv burn injury
 Use sunglasses
 Comfortable PPE or cloth

Date Developed: Document No.
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Self checks 6.1.3

Enumeration: enumerate the following: write the answer on clean sheet of paper

1. What are the hazards on tractor operations gave atleast 5
2. How to eliminate hazards on ploughs, cultivators
3. It indicates an eminently hazardous situation, which is not avoided

will result in death or serious injury
4. Indicates a potential hazardous situation exists, which if not avoided

may result in minor or moderate injury
5. What are the hazards in dusty environment

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Answer key 6.1.3

1.

 Instability
 Roll over
 PTO Stub
 Slips
 Falls in climbing and or off tractors
 Noise that lead to hearing impairment
 Vibrations

2.

 Avoid use of any unsafe or faulty equipment
 Adequate information, instruction, and training for those using the

equipments
 Do not allow unauthorized person to used the machines
 Unskilled person should not be allowed to used the machines
 Use the machine as intended

3. Danger
4. Caution

5.

 Capable of penatrating inside the lungs and can cause breathing problems
 Pulmunary disease (Asthma,acute allergic alveolitis, dust toxic syndrome
 Cause podoconiosis due to tiny micro particles of silica from volcanic soil
 Causes fire in high level of organic dust

Date Developed: Document No.
Date Revised:
Issued by: Page 49 of 134

TESDA-MAIS

References.
https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---ed_dialogue/---
sector/documents/normativeinstrument/wcms_161135.pdf

Date Developed: Document No.
Date Revised:
Issued by: Page 50 of 134

TESDA-MAIS