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Bharat Parv 2021

Ministry of Tourism has dedicated three virtual pavilions, namely Dekho Apna Desh, Statue of Unity &
Incredible India in Bharat Parv 2021.
About:
Ministry of Tourism organizes Bharat Parv every year since 2016.
Due to the pandemic situation, this year the Bharat Parv has been
organized on a Virtual platform.
It is a festival to celebrate the spirit of India. The mega event
envisages generating patriotic fervor and showcases the rich and
varied cultural diversity of the country.
It offers a unique glimpse of India's cultural diversity. Themed
pavilions of multiple States and Union Territories have showcased
their tourism destinations, cuisine, handicraft, and other features.


Major Highlights of Bharat parv

3 pavilions showcased outcomes
Dekho apna Desh comapign It is a campaign by the Ministry of Tourism, launched in 2020.
It aims to promote domestic tourism and to increase the flow
of domestic travelers. It exhibits information on various tourist
destinations. It showcases various tourism assets and
products of the country

Incredible india pavilion It comprises information on UNESCO World Heritage sites

Statue of Unity pavilion























H.O. : 21

CLAT 2021 21 Year Experienced Team





Chauri Chaura Incident

on the 100th year of the Chauri Chaura event, a postage stamp was released by the Prime Minister.
About:
f The town of Chauri Chaura was the scene of a violent incident with far-reaching consequences during the
freedom struggle a century ago.
f On 4th February 1922, this town of Gorakhpur witnessed a violent incident - a large crowd of peasants
set on fire a police station that killed 22 policemen. Due to this incident, Mahatma Gandhi called off the
Non-Cooperation Movement (1920-22).

Key Points:
f The incident: On August 1, 1920, Gandhi had launched the
NonCooperation Movement against the government, which
involved a boycott of foreign goods, “refusing to assist a ruler
who misrules”. As the movement gathered momentum over the
next year and a half, large numbers of volunteers became active
across the country.
f A few days before the February 4 incident, police cracked down
on volunteers who were trying to stop the trade in foreign cloth
and enforce a just price for meat and fish, and severely beat up
one Bhagwan Ahir, a demobilized soldier from the British Indian
Army.
f On February 4, 1922, supporters of the Khilafat movement and the Indian National Congress clashed
with local police. An angry mob subsequently set the local police station on fire, killing 22 Indian
policemen who had taken shelter inside.
f The immediate outcome: Severe repression was witnessed immediately by the British authorities on the
suspected volunteers, many were sentenced by session court, etc.
Gandhi's reaction:
f Gandhi, who was deeply disturbed by the incident, condemned the “crime” of the policemen's killing.
f The volunteer groups in the nearby villages were disbanded, and a Chauri Chaura Support Fund was set
up to demonstrate “genuine sympathy” and seek prayashchit.
f Gandhi decided to stop the Non-Cooperation Movement, which he saw as having been tainted by
unforgivable violence. The satyagraha was formally suspended.
f Other Leaders Reaction: Jawaharlal Nehru and other leaders leading the Non-Cooperation movement
were shocked that Gandhiji had stopped the struggle when the civil resistance had consolidated their
position in the freedom movement. Other leaders like Motilal Nehru and CR Das recorded their dismay at
Gandhi's decision and decided to establish the Swaraj Party.
Way Forward:
f The Gandhian strategy of non-violence was based on the premise that the use of repressive force against
non-violent protesters would expose the real character of the colonial state and ultimately put moral
pressure on them, but incidents such as Chauri Chaura defeated that strategy.
f Besides, Bipin Chandra opines that withdrawal or shift to a phase of non-confrontation is an inherent part
of a strategy of political action that is based on the masses.
f The disillusionment resulting from the suspension of the NonCooperation Movement nudged many of the
younger Indian nationalists towards the conclusion that India would not be able to throw off the colonial
yoke through non-violence.




H.O. : 22

CLAT 2021 21 Year Experienced Team





POINTERS


f Prime Minister Narendra Modi has inaugurated the first-ever Indian Toy Fair 2021 via video conference
during which he urged the country to become 'Atmanirbhar' in the toy manufacturing sector. The toy fair
is divided into five stages — pre-school to Class II, primary, upper primary, secondary and senior
secondary.
f The Union Minister for Science & Technology, Earth Sciences and Health & Family Welfare Dr Harsh
Vardhan inaugurated the second edition of Global Bio-India-2021 in New Delhi through virtual mode. The
theme of Global Bio-India-2021: “Transforming lives” with the tag line “Biosciences to Bioeconomy”.
f Indian High Commission in Colombo has described the island nation of Sri Lanka as its “Priority One”
partner in the defence sphere and reiterated the assurance of fullest cooperation in the field of defence
and security. The assertion comes at a time when the Sri Lanka Air Force (SLAF) is gearing up for the
celebration of its 70th anniversary on 2 March.

f The Rajya Sabha and Lok Sabha Television channels that broadcast the proceedings of the upper and
lower Houses of Parliament, respectively, have been merged into a single entity. The new channel has
been named the 'Sansad Television'

f The UN General Assembly adopted by consensus a resolution sponsored by India and supported by over
70 nations declaring 2023 as the International Year of Millets. The International Year of Millets is aimed at
raising awareness about the health benefits of the grain and its suitability for cultivation under changing
climatic conditions. India's Permanent Mission to the UN also distributed savoury millet snack murukku
to all UN Member States.
f The Union Education Minister Ramesh Pokhriyal has inaugurated the New Delhi World Book Fair 2021-
Virtual Edition, through video-conferencing. The program has been organized by the National Book Trust
(NBT). The New Delhi World Book Fair 2021 is the 29th edition of the annual event. The theme of the 2021
New Delhi World Book Fair is 'National Education Policy-2020'.
f Prime Minister Narendra Modi has addressed 'Janaushadhi Diwas' celebrations through video
conference. He dedicated to the nation the 7500th Janaushadhi Kendra at NEIGRIHMS, Shillong during
the event. 1st March to 7th March is celebrated as 'Janaushadhi Week' across the nation with the theme
of “Jan Aushadhi – Seva Bhi, Rozgar Bhi” for creating awareness about the use of generic medicines.
f The President of India, Ram Nath Kovind has laid the foundation stone for the conservation works of
Singorgarh Fort in Singrampur village of Damoh district, Madhya Pradesh. He also inaugurated the newly
carved Jabalpur Circle of Archaeological Survey of India.
f Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi has inaugurated the 'Maitri Setu' bridge between India and
Bangladesh through a video conference, to strengthen the connectivity between both countries and
especially with the north-eastern region of India. Maitri bridge will also make Tripura the 'Gateway of
North East' with access to Chittagong Port of Bangladesh. The Maitri Setu bridge has been built on the
Feni river, which lies between the Indian boundary in Tripura and Bangladesh.
f The Union Cabinet has approved the Pradhan Mantri Swasthya Suraksha Nidhi (PMSSN), as a single non-
lapsable reserve fund. This has been approved for the share of Health from proceeds of Health and
Education Cess which is levied under the Section 136-b of Finance Act, 2007. The Union Cabinet has
given its nod for amendments in the Insurance Act, paving way for 74 per cent foreign direct investment
in the sector. Currently, the permissible FDI limit in life and general insurance stands at 49 per cent with
ownership and management control with Indian. According to sources, the Cabinet in its meeting has
approval for amendments in the Insurance Act, 1938.



H.O. : 23

CLAT 2021 21 Year Experienced Team






f The commerce and industry ministry has stated that the central government is working to develop a
portal called “Atmanirbhar Niveshak Mitra Portal” for information dissemination, hand-holding, and

facilitation of domestic investors.
f The Supreme Court has asked the government to respond to a plea challenging the Places of Worship Act
enacted in 1991. A notice is issued by a Bench led by Chief Justice of India Sharad A. Bobde to the Union
Ministries of Home, Law and Culture on a plea filed by advocate Ashwini Kumar Upadhyay against various
provisions of the Places of Worship (Special Provisions) Act of 1991. The Ministry of Road Transport and
Highways has announced a new scheme for tourist vehicle operators, under which any tourist vehicle
operator may apply for an “All India tourist authorization and permit” through online mode. The new set

of rules will be known as “All India Tourist Vehicles Authorization and Permit Rules, 2021”. This will come
into effect from April 01, 2021.
f The Jammu and Kashmir administration has approved the incorporation of a joint venture company (JVC)
under the name “Ratle Hydroelectric Power Corporation”. To implement the 850 MW Ratle Hydro-Electric
Project (HEP) on river Chenab in the Kishtwar district of the Union Territory (UT) of Jammu & Kashmir

(J&K).
f Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir, Lieutenant Governor, Manoj Sinha, initiated the project “Awaam
Ki Baat” – a Radio program by launching its website at Raj Bhavan, Jammu. The half-an-hour long Radio
program to be aired every third Sunday of the month (to start from April), is one of the many sequential
steps of a broader program aimed at disseminating the progressive steps taken by the government and
providing the public with a platform to speak, write and interact with the administration, thereby voicing
their suggestions, ideas and creative proposals.

f The government of India has launched the “Gram Ujala Scheme” to provide the cheapest LED bulbs in
rural areas. The scheme was launched by the Union power and new and renewable energy minister, Raj
Kumar Singh. In the first phase, the scheme was launched from Arrah district in Bihar. In this phase,
around 15 million LED bulbs will be distributed in the villages of Arrah (Bihar), Vijayawada (Andhra
Pradesh), Varanasi (Uttar Pradesh), Nagpur (Maharashtra), and western Gujarat.

f Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi has launched the 'Jal Shakti Abhiyan: Catch the Rain' campaign on
March 22, 2021, on the occasion of World Water Day for conserving water. PM urged that every penny of
MGNREGA (Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act) funds be spent on rainwater
conservation till the monsoon arrives.

f Chief Justice of India (CJI) SA Bobde has recommended Justice NV Ramana's name as his successor after
he retires next month. CJI Bobde is set to retire on 23 April. In a letter to the Law Ministry, CJI SA Bobde
recommended Justice Ramana as his successor. Justice NV Ramana is the most senior judge in the apex
court after CJI Bobde. On appointment, Justice NV Ramana will be the 48th Chief Justice of India and he
will have a long tenure as CJI for over 16 months.

f Union Minister for Finance & Corporate Affairs, Nirmala Sitharaman virtually inaugurated Central
Scrutiny Centre (CSC) and Investor Education and Protection Fund Authority's (IEPFA) Mobile App. The
two tech-enabled initiatives have been launched by the Ministry of Corporate Affairs to leverage digital
solutions to achieve the Prime Minister's vision of 'Digitally empowered India.



H.O. : 24

CLAT 2021 21 Year Experienced Team





102 years of Jallianwala Bagh Massacre



The Jallianwala Bagh massacre, also known as the Amritsar massacre, took place on 13 April 1919. This
year we commemorate the 102nd anniversary of the terror that shook the entire country to a standstill. The
Jallianwalabagh garden has been converted into a memorial. And thousands of people on this day come to
pay their respects to the martyred men, women, who were killed on that fateful day for the nation.
History of the day:

Acting Brigadier-General Reginald Dyer ordered troops of
the British Indian Army to fire their rifles into a crowd of
unarmed Indian civilians in Jallianwala Bagh, Amritsar,
Punjab. General Dyer, the British India army officer, felt the
people gathering for such a cause was antinational. He
ordered the 50 of his troops consisting of Sikh, Gurkha,
Baluchi, and Rajput to open fire on the unarmed men and
women. The resulting figures would make you go numb as
379 men and women were killed for no fault of theirs and
1100 injured.





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POINTERS


f Health Minister Dr Harsh Vardhan has launched the 'Tribal TB Initiative' in pursuit of TB Mukt Bharat. The
government accords top priority to ensuring Universal Access to free treatment and care for TB across
the country. A Guidance Note on Joint Action Plan for Tuberculosis (TB) Elimination, a Special Edition of
Tribal Ministry's Publication 'ALEKH' on TB, and a document on Tribal Tuberculosis (TB) Initiative was also
released at the event.
f The Central Government has announced to infuse Rs 14,500 crore in four state-owned lenders namely
Central Bank of India, Indian Overseas Bank, Bank of India and UCO Bank in 2020-21, by issuing
noninterest bearing bonds to these banks. This infusion will complete the government's total capital
infusion of Rs 20,000 crore in public sector banks for the current financial year 2020-21.
f The central government has declared April 14, Dr BR Ambedkar's birthday a public holiday. Dr B R
Ambedkar was the sculptor of the Indian Constitution and the country already celebrates his birthday a
as Ambedkar Jayanti every year. The government has announced that from this year 14th April will be
declared as a public holiday. It will be Ambedkar's 130th birth anniversary on April 14, 2021.
f Union Education Minister, Ramesh Pokhriyal 'Nishank' has launched the "MyNEP2020" Platform of
National Council for Teacher Education (NCTE) Web Portal which will be operational from April 1 to May
15, 2021. The platform seeks to invite suggestions/inputs/membership from the stakeholders for
preparing a draft for the development of National Professional Standards for Teachers (NPST) and
National Mission for Mentoring Program membership (NMM).
f The construction of the arch of the world's highest railway bridge that soars 359 metres above the bed of
the Chenab river in Jammu and Kashmir was completed. The 1.3-kilometre-long bridge aims to boost
connectivity to the Kashmir Valley and it is being constructed at a cost of 1,486 crores as part of the
Udhampur-Srinagar-Baramulla Railway Link (USBRL) project.
f The Union Minister for Health and Family Welfare, Dr Harsh Vardhan and the Union Minister of Tribal
Affairs, Shri Arjun Munda jointly launched 'Anamaya', the Tribal Health Collaborative on April 07, 2021,
through video conference. The initiative is supported by Piramal Foundation and Bill and Melinda Gates
Foundation (BMGF).
f The Supreme Court of India has launched it's Artificial Intelligence portal “SUPACE” (Supreme Court
Portal for Assistance in Courts Efficiency). Through this portal, the SC intends to leverage machine
learning to deal with the vast amounts of data received at the time of filing of cases.
f The Union Minister of Agriculture and Farmers' Welfare, Narendra Singh Tomar launched a portal
'Madhukranti' and Honey Corners on April 07, 2021, with the aim to bring an increase in income of
farmers, employment generation and increase in exports. Madhukranti portal is an initiative of the
National Bee Board (NBB). The portal is being developed for online registration to achieve traceability
source of Honey and other beehive products on a digital platform.

f Prime Minister Narendra Modi recently appealed to the Chief Ministers of the States to organise “Tika
Utsav”. Tika Utsav is a vaccine festival. It is to be held between April 11, 2021, and April 14, 2021. The
main objective of the festival is to vaccinate as many people as possible. It will also focus on zero wastage
of the COVID-19 vaccine.

f Union Education Minister Ramesh Pokhriyal chaired a high-level meeting on the implementation of the
National Education Policy 2020 and released an implementation plan for school education called
'Students' and Teachers' Holistic Advancement through Quality Education (SARTHAQ)'.



H.O. : 26

CLAT 2021 21 Year Experienced Team






f The Principal Scientific Adviser to the Government of India, Prof. K Vijay Raghavan launched a mobile app
called “MANAS” to cater mental well-being of citizens on scalable, secure and digital platforms. MANAS
stands for Mental Health and Normalcy Augmentation System.
f Union Minister for Commerce and Industry, Piyush Goyal has inaugurated e-SANTA, an electronic
marketplace, to provide a platform for connecting aqua farmers and buyers. e-SANTA aims to raise
income, lifestyle, self-reliance, quality levels, traceability, of aqua farmers. e-SANTA stands for
Electronic Solution for Augmenting NaCSA farmers' Trade-in Aquaculture.
f NITI Aayog, in partnership with Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and Centre for Social and Behaviour
Change, Ashoka University launched called “Poshan Gyan”, a national digital repository on health and
nutrition
f Union Health Minister, Dr Harsh Vardhan has launched Aahaar Kranti, a mission dedicated to spreading
awareness about nutrition. It is designed to address the peculiar problem of hunger and diseases in
abundance, being faced by India and the world. Studies show that India produces as much as two times
the amount of calories it consumes.
f Italy has launched its first-ever mega food park project in India, at Fanidhar in the Mehsana district of
Gujarat. The project aims to create synergy between agriculture and industry of the two countries and
focuses on the research and development of new and more efficient technologies in the sector.
f The Ministry of Rural Development recently launched the Gender Samvaad Event. It is a joint initiative
between DAY-NRLM and IWWAGE. The main objective of the Gender Samvaad event was to create
awareness of gender-related interventions under the DAY-NRLM. DAY-NRLM is Deendayal Antyodaya
Yojana National Rural Livelihood Mission. IWWAGE is Initiative for What Works to Advance Women and
Girls in the Econom
f Union Minister Piyush Goyal launched the Startup India Seed Fund Scheme (SISFS). The Fund aims to
provide financial assistance to startups for proof of concept, prototype development, product trials,
market-entry, and commercialization.
f The Union Minister of State for Tourism and Culture ( I/C), Prahlad Singh Patel virtually inaugurated the
first-ever Online Exhibition on Ramayana, the Epic by Maharishi Valmiki, on the occasion of World
Heritage Day 2021. The online exhibition has been titled “Rama Katha: The Story of Rama Through
Indian Miniatures”.
f India has been elected by acclamation, to three bodies of the UN Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC),
for a three-year term beginning January 1, 2022. These UN Bodies are: Commission on Crime Prevention
and Criminal Justice (CCPCJ), Executive Board of the UN Entity for Gender Equality and Empowerment of
Women (UN Women) and Executive Board of the World Food Programme (WFP).
f The Union Cabinet approved the signing of a pact between fair trade regulator CCI and the Administrative
Council for Economic Defense of Brazil. As per the Competition Act, 2002, the Competition Commission
of India (CCI) can enter into any memorandum or arrangement with any agency of any foreign country
for discharging its duties or performing its functions under the Act.
f Nagaland Health and Family Welfare Minister, S Pangnyu Phom has launched i-Learn, a capacity building
and performance tracking application for Community Health Officers, CHOs in the state at his office
chamber in Kohima. The state government launched the i-Learn application in partnership with USAID-
NISHTHA/Jgpiego which will cater across the 189 Health & wellness centres in the state. Uttar Pradesh
government was organised a 'Banana Festival' in Kushinagar, which has witnessed the participation of at
least 35 farmers and entrepreneurs. The state government had in 2018 organised the One District One



H.O. : 27



CLAT 2021 21 Year Experienced Team






Product (ODOP) scheme to promote traditional enterprise.
f The Minister of State for Tourism and Culture (Independent Charge) Shri Prahlad Singh Patel, and the
Chief Minister of Madhya Pradesh Shri Shivraj Singh Chouhan jointly inaugurated the 'Maharaja
Chhatrasal Convention Centre at Khajuraho, Madhya Pradesh. The Convention Centre has been
developed under the Swadesh Darshan Scheme of the Ministry of Tourism, adding another feather to the
UNESCO World Heritage site at Khajuraho.
f Utkal Divas or Utakala Dibasha is celebrated on April 1 every year to remember the formation of the
Odisha state after a struggle to be recognised as an independent state. Under British rule, Odisha was
part of the Bengal presidency, which consisted of the present-day Bihar, West Bengal, and Odisha. The
state was originally called Orissa but the Lok Sabha passed the Orissa Bill, and Constitution Bill (113rd
amendment), in March 2011 to rename it Odisha.
f Ghaziabad Nagar Nigam listed itself at BSE and successfully raised Rs. 150 Crores by issuing Municipal
Bond on Private Placement Basis using BSE BOND. This is the first-ever green bond issuance by any
Municipal Corporation in the country.
f The Maharashtra government has declared an area at Amboli in Western ghats in Sindhudurg district,
where a rare freshwater fish species was discovered, as a biodiversity heritage site. The biggest floating
solar power plant in India is to be set up at Ramagundam in Telangana. It is expected to be opened in May
2021. The cost of the project has been estimated as Rs 423 crores. The power plant will have 4.5 lakh
photovoltaic panels.
f Rajasthan becomes the first state in the country where the state government is providing free health
insurance facility to all the citizens of the state. This plan was announced by Chief Minister Ashok
Gehlot in the state budget of 2021-22. The State began the registration for its cashless 'mediclaim'
scheme Chiranjeevi Health Insurance Scheme.
f The World Bank Board of Executive Directors has approved a USD 32 million projects to improve
management capacity and quality of health services in Mizoram. The project titled “Mizoram Health
Systems Strengthening Project” will strengthen the governance and the management structure of
the Mizoram Health department and its subsidiaries. This project will support the state government's
efforts to deliver quality healthcare for the poor and vulnerable and those located in remote areas.

f The World Bank and Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) have approved the loan for USD 300
million (about Rs 2,190 crore) canal-based drinking water projects in Punjab. The project is aimed at
ensuring quality drinking water and minimise water losses for Amritsar and Ludhiana. The entire project
will be co-financed by IBRD (World Bank) – USD 105 million, Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank –
USD 105 million and the Punjab government – USD 90 million.

f Bollywood actor Sonu Sood has been made the brand ambassador for Punjab's anti-coronavirus
vaccination programme. During the coronavirus-induced lockdown last year, the actor had helped
migrants reach their home states.

f Odisha Chief Minister Naveen Patnaik has launched a 14-day “Mask Abhiyan” as part of efforts to prevent
the spread of coronavirus in view of rising cases and urged people to strictly follow the safety guidelines.
f Ghaziabad Nagar Nigam (GNN) has announced successfully raising and listing India's first Green
Municipal bond issue. GNN raised 150 crores at a cost of 8.1 per cent.
f India's first Floating Storage and Regasification Unit (FSRU) has arrived at H-Energy's Jaigarh Terminal in
the Ratnagiri district of Maharashtra, on the west coast of India.




H.O. : 29

CLAT 2021 21 Year Experienced Team






f Pohela Boishakh, also known as Bengali New Year, is the traditional New Year day of the Bengali people.
The festival date is set according to the lunisolar Bengali calendar as the first day of its first month
Baishakh. However, the festival falls on April 14 or April 15 every year in India.
f Himachal Day is observed on 15th April in Himachal Pradesh. The state became a full-fledged state on
this day. Four districts of Mandi, Chamba, Mahasu and Sirmour were integrated with over two dozen
princely states, leading to the formation of Himachal Pradesh as a Union Territory in 1948. Decades later,
in 1971, Himachal Pradesh became the 18th state in India with Shimla as its capital.
f Punjab State reiterated the commitment of the State to achieve the 'Har Ghar Jal' target by 2022 as
planned. Punjab has 34.73 lakh rural household, out of which 25.88 lakh (74.5%) have tap water supply.
f The Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh, YS Jagan Mohan Reddy recently released the first tranche of Rs 672
crores under the Jagananna Vidya Deevena Scheme for the year 2021-22. This reimbursed the fees for
10.88 lakh students. So far, a total of Rs 4, 879 crores have been disbursed under the Jagananna Vidya
Deevena Scheme.
f The Jharkhand Mukti Morcha (JMM) is the first party that has declared the name of the entity which made
donations to it through electoral bonds. A declaration of a 1 crore donation was made in the party's
2019-20 contribution report.
f A team of scientists have discovered India's first bat species with disk-shaped sticky feet in Meghalaya.
The species, Eudiscopus denticulus, was found at Lailad close to Nongkhyllem Wildlife Sanctuary.

f The Nagaland government in consultation with all the stakeholders would prepare a Register of
Indigenous Inhabitants of Nagaland (RIIN) to protect the indigenous people and their traditional life and
culture. The main purpose of RIIN is to identify the citizens who settled in Nagaland prior to December 1,
1963, the day the mountainous region became a full-fledged state.
f Uttar Pradesh government has decided to establish 10 oxygen plants for unabated supply of oxygen to
the hospitals. A team of DRDO officials will help the state administration in this task. On the other hand
Hindustan aeronautics limited will help state administration in preparing a new all facility covid hospital in
Lucknow.



Congratulations





Y U st


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U IN MHCET


P O D









H.O. : 30

CLAT 2021 21 Year Experienced Team






Andrea Meza crowned 69th Miss Universe 2020

Miss Mexico Andrea Meza has been crowned as the 69th Miss Universe 2020. On the
other hand, Miss India's Adline Quadros Castelino made it to the Top 4. Brazil's Julia
Gama is the first runner-up, Peru's Janick Maceta is the second runner-up while India's
Adline Castelino and Dominican Republic's Kimberly Perez are third runner-up and
fourth runner-up, respectively. This year, the pageant is being held in Miami, Florida's
Seminole Hard Rock Hotel and Casino Hollywood. Zozibini Tunzi of South Africa crowns
her successor in the event.



Six Heritage Sites added to India's UNESCO World Heritage sites

The Union Culture Minister Prahlad Singh Patel recently announced that
around six cultural heritage sites have been added to the UNESCO World
Heritage Sites. With this, the total number of sites in the UNESCO World
Heritage Sites Tentative list has increased to 48.
The following six places have successfully entered the tentative list of
UNESCO World Heritage sites. Ganga Ghats of Varanasi,
f Temples of Kancheepuram in Tamil Nadu,
f Satpura Tiger Reserve in Madhya Pradesh,
f Maharashtra Military Architecture

f Hire Benkal Megalithic site,
f Bhedaghat Lametaghat of Narmada Valley in Madhya Pradesh



Forbes Highest paid Athletes list 2021 released

Forbes has unveiled its annual list of the 10 highestpaid athletes of the year. UFC star Conor McGregor has
topped the Forbes list by earning $180 million in the past year beating soccer superstars Lionel Messi and
Cristiano Ronaldo to become the highest-paid athlete in the world. The factors used by Forbes' for calculation
include all prize money, salaries and bonuses earned between May 1, 2020, and May 1, 2021. Billionaire
Gautam Adani has edged past Chinese tycoon Zhong Shanshan to become the second-richest Asian,
according to the Bloomberg Billionaire Index.China's Zhong was the richest Asian till February when he lost
the crown to Mukesh Ambani, India's richest person and chairman of Reliance Industries Ltd. However, while
Ambani lost $175.5 million this year,However, while Ambani lost $175.5 million this year, Adani's wealth
surged by $32.7 billion to touch $66.5 billion, against Zhong's $63.6 billion. Ambani's total wealth now
stands at $76.5 billion, making him the 13th richest in the world, followed by Adani at 14th.


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H.O. : 31

CLAT 2021 21 Year Experienced Team






Autonomous State Within Assam

Recently, a memorandum was submitted to the Centre seeking the implementation of Article 244A which
provides for creation of an autonomous state within Assam.
About:
f A group of Bharatiya Janata Party lawmakers from Assam had submitted a memorandum to the Centre for
the implementation of Article 244A which provides for the creation of an autonomous State within Assam.

f 22nd Amendment of the constitution: Article 244 A was inserted by constitution’s 22nd amendment
Act.
f It sought for creation of an autonomous state within Assam comprising of certain tribal areas
amalgamated into a single unit. These tribal areas will include the hill districts of Dima Hasao, Karbi
Anglong and West Karbi and the Bodo Territorial
Region.
f Separate legislature and executive: It also provides for a separate legislature and council of ministers
in order to make laws and implement it.

f The executive will also be responsible for local administration of areas under it. How are these tribal areas
governed currently?

f The constitution has provided separate rules and regulations for administration of tribal areas under its
Fifth and Sixth Schedule.
f Sixth Schedule: The administration of tribal areas in four states i.e. Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura and
Mizoram are covered under sixth schedule of the constitution.
f This schedule includes that tribal population which has not amalgamated in modern societies and has
distinct social and cultural practices.
f Hence, Sixth schedule covers tribal areas of those states which are inhabited by aboriginals.
f Creation of autonomous regions: Article 371 B has provided for formation of autonomous districts which
can further be divided into several autonomous regions.

f According to this three autonomous districts have been created in Assam. These are:
North Cachar Hills District,
Karbi Anglong District and

Bodoland Territorial Areas District.
f Governing councils and powers: Each autonomous district consists of 30 members in which four are
nominated by the governor and the remaining 26 are elected.
f Legislative Powers: The district and regional councils administer the areas under their jurisdiction and
make laws oncertain specified matters such as land, forests, canal water, shifting cultivation, village
administration, , social customs etc.
f All such laws require the assent of the governor.
f Executive Powers: Council can also establish, construct or manage primary schools, dispensaries,
markets, ferries, fisheries, roads e.t.c.
f They are also empowered to assess and collect land revenue and to impose certain specified taxes.







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CLAT 2021 21 Year Experienced Team






Changes be brought by implementation article 244 A:
f Unified Legislature and executive for all tribal areas: The demand will provide for creation of a separate
legislature and council of ministers.

f This will provide a unified legislature having more powers and subjects to make and implement laws.
f Law and Order: It will provide control of laws and order over tribal areas to the proposed autonomous
state which is currently controlled by state legislature.
f Limits the power of governor: The creation of new autonomous states will also limit the powers of
governor being exercised under Sixth Schedule of the constitution. Limitations of the demand of an
autonomous state:
f Centralization of power: Currently, the areas under Sixth Schedules are governed by respective district
councils.
f These district councils have different compositions as these comprise of different tribal population.
f Unification into singe autonomous legislature will centralize legislative and executive powers enjoyed by
these councils.

f Surge in insurgency: Different insurgent groups bear tribal identities but are controlled by central
forces and state police having different identities.
f Passing law and order into hands of different tribes will promote separatist tendencies.
Way Forward:

f Although creation of ‘Autonomous State within a state’ will provide for ‘Self –Rule’ for tribal districts by
providing more autonomy but at the same time it can alienate them from mainstream political spectrum.

f Further, passing them more powers and limiting the role of governor will lead to increase in their faith in
democratic credentials of the nation.


Iconic Chenab Bridge

Indian Railways completed the arch closure of the iconic Chenab Bridge in Jammu & Kashmir.

About:
f The construction of the arch of the world's highest railway bridge i.e. Chenab bridge that soars 359
metres above the bed of the Chenab river in Jammu and Kashmir has been completed recently.
f The Northern Railways zone of Indian Railways termed the achievement a milestone.
The Chenab Bridge:

f Length: Indian Railways is constructing the iconic Arch Bridge of 1.3 KM length on River Chenab as a part
of the USBRL project to connect the Kashmir valley to the rest of the nation.

f Cost: It is being constructed at a cost of Rs. 1,486 crore as part of the Udhampur-Srinagar-Baramulla
Railway Link (USBRL) project.
Height: This is the highest Railway Bridge in the world being 359 m above the river bed level.
f Cable cranes: For the first time, erection of the members of the arch by overhead cable cranes was done
on the Indian Railways network.
f Fabrication: Bridge construction involved the fabrication of 28,660 million tonnes steel, 10 lakh cum
earthwork, 66,000 cum concrete as well as 26 kilometres motorable roads.




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CLAT 2021 21 Year Experienced Team






f Software: For structural detailing, the most sophisticated ‘Tekla’ software was used.
f Design life: Design life of the bridge is expected to be 120 years.

f Wind tolerance: Bridge is designed to withstand high wind speed up to 266 Km/Hour.
f Blast load: Bridge is designed for blast load in consultation with DRDO for the first time in India.
f Seismic tolerance: It is designed to bear earthquake forces of highest intensity zone-V in India.
f Testing: First time on Indian Railways, Phased Array Ultrasonic Testing machine is used for testing of
welds.

f Welding: First time on Indian Railways, NABL accredited lab is established at site for weld testing.
Approx. 584Km welding is done to join the different parts of the structure, which is to the tune of distance
between Jammu Tawi to New Delhi.

f Design: Heightof the cable crane’s pylon at Srinagar end is 127m, which is much taller than Qutub Minar
of 72m. Launch of curved viaduct portion is done for first time on Indian Railways using End Launching
Method.

f Warning system: Extensive health monitoring and warningsystems planned through state of art
instrumentation.



CHENAB RIVER
The Chenab is formed by the confluence of two
streams, Chandra and Bhaga, in the western
Himalayas in Himachal Pradesh. It flows west
through Jammu and Kashmir between the steep cliffs
of the Siwalik Range (south) and the Lesser
Himalayas (north). Turning southwest, it continues
into Pakistan, descending from the uplands into the
broad alluvial lowlands of Punjab province. After
receiving the Jhelum River near Trimmu, the Chenab
empties into the Sutlej River, a tributary of the Indus
River. Its total length is about 974 km, and it feeds several irrigation canals.





























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CLAT 2021 21 Year Experienced Team






Developing Resilience To Cyclones: Changing Patterns And

Increasing Risk

Cyclone Nivar: It was a very severe cylonic storm which affected Tamil Nadu,
Andhra Pradesh and Puducherry. While the loss of life was very less compared to
the large-size weather system, property and agriculture were affected. Larger
damage was averted due to timely warning by India Meteorological Department
(IMD) and proactiveness, despite COVID-19 induced fatigue.

Cyclone Gati: It was also a very severe cyclonic storm and the strongest cyclone
recorded in Somalia. Locust: It also has the potential to create favourable
conditions for breeding of locusts in Somalia

Changing patterns of cyclones in India:
Most prone months: Cyclones occur in the months of May-June (pre-monsoon) and October-November
(postmonsoon), with a primary peak in November and secondary peak in May.
Most prone areas: While the entire 8000 km coastline of India is vulnerable to cyclones, the east coast is
more prone to cyclones compared to the west coast and the entire coastline is exposed to nearly 10% of the
cyclones worldwide.
Increasing frequency: The intensity and frequency of tropical cyclones in the Indian Ocean has been rising
due to more availability of moisture on account of climate-change induced ocean warming.

Changes over Bay of Bengal: Cyclones have increased in frequency in this region in the peak months of
November and May. However, for the months of June and September, the frequency has decreased. Further,
in the warm ENSO (El Nino Southern Oscillation) phase, the frequency of cyclones in May and November is
found to have decreased. Cyclone Gati, Cyclone Nivar wreaked environmental, economic and social havoc in
their path.
Changes over Arabian Sea: There is no significant change in cyclone trend in this region, although climate
scientists predict the increase in number of cyclones and their intensity due to warmer Arabian sea.

Why cyclones skipped October 2020?
Weak La Nina conditions along equatorial Pacific Ocean has been present since August this year. Further, the
east-moving Madden Julian Oscillations (MJO) which was in favourable phase, intensified the low-pressure
systems into a deep depression. There was a vertical wind shear between high and low atmospheric levels in
September, which prevented the low-pressure systems and deep depression from strengthening into a
cyclone.

Cyclones not occurring in October is not new. On 42 occasions between 1891-2020, no cyclones were formed
in October, with the longest absence in 1950-54 in the last 130 years.
Prediction by IMD: The IMD has been getting better at forecasting slow-moving, linear tropical cyclones in
the Bay of Bengal, with multiple satellites providing real-time cyclone data. However, the erratic nature of
cyclones is also on the rise. National Disaster Response Force (NDRF) teams equipped with disaster
management equipment gets proactively deployed for response and relief measures.
India's Organisational structure to combat cyclones:
IMD, established in 1875 is the National Meteorological Service of the country and the principal government
agency mandated to observe, provide forecast, warnings, statistics and conduct research regarding severe
weather phenomenon.



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CLAT 2021 21 Year Experienced Team






It keeps round the clock watch over the North Indian Ocean and detects, tracks and predicts cyclonic storms
using numerical models for tropical cyclone track and intensity prediction.
It issues cyclone advisories 8 times a day to the panel countries of WMO/ESCAP.

The IMD also implements the Regional Cyclone Operational Plan of WMO/ESCAP Panel.
The National Disaster Response Force (NDRF) is tasked with carrying out rescue and relief operations under
the National Disaster Management Act 2005.
National Cyclone Risk Mitigation Project (NCRMP): This World Bank supported project aims to
undertake suitable structural and non-structural measures to mitigate the effects of cyclones in the coastal
states and UTs of India. The Project has identified 13 cyclone prone States and Union Territories (UTs) and
has classified them into two categories based on their vulnerability as follows: Category I: Higher
vulnerability States i.e. Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Odisha, Tamil Nadu and West Bengal. Category II: Lower
vulnerability States i.e Maharashtra, Karnataka, Kerala, Goa, Pondicherry, Lakshadweep, Daman and Diu,
Andaman and Nicobar Islands. National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) under the aegis of Ministry
of Home Affairs (MHA) will implement the Project in coordination with participating State Governments.

Mobile Apps: 'Mausam' was launched by IMD to provide timely weather updates to the users.
'Meghdoot' app provides similar service in local languages to farmers for planning crops.
'Damini Lightning' provides lightning and thunderstorm forecasts and locations of occurrence.
What are Cyclones and how they are Named?

f Cyclones are caused by atmospheric disturbances around a
low-pressure area distinguished by swift and destructive air
circulation.
f Cyclones are usually accompanied by violent storms, bad
weather and storm surges along coastlines.
f Direction of air circulation: In the Northern hemisphere, the
air circulates inwards in anti-clockwise direction and
clockwise in the Southern hemisphere.
f Cyclones are classified as: (i) extra tropical cyclones (also called temperate cyclones); and (ii) tropical
cyclones (occurring between Tropic of Cancer and Capricorn).
f In India, cyclones are classified by strength of associated winds, storm surges and exceptional rainfall
occurrences.

f WMO criteria: The World Meteorological Organisation (WMO, 1976) uses the term 'Tropical Cyclone' to
cover weather systems in which winds exceed 63 km/h.

f Different names: Cyclones are called as 'typhoons' in China sea and Pacific Ocean, 'hurricanes' in
Caribbean Sea and Atlantic Ocean, 'tornados' in Guinea lands of West Africa and southern USA, 'Willy
Willies' in NorthWestern Australia
How Cyclones are named?
f RSMCs and TCWCs: Cyclones that form in every ocean basin across the world are named by the
Regional Specialized Meteorological Centers (RSMCs) and Tropical Cyclone Warning Centers (TCWCs).
There are six RSMCs in the world, including the India Meteorological Department (IMD), and five
TCWCs.
f In the Atlantic and in the Southern hemisphere (Indian ocean and South Pacific), tropical cyclones



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21 Year Experienced Team

CLAT 2021 21 Year Experienced Team






receive names in alphabetical order, and women and men's names are alternated. Nations in the
Northern Indian ocean began using a new system for naming tropical cyclones in 2000.
How are cyclones named in Indian Ocean?

f WMO/ESCAP: In 2000, a group of nations called WMO/ESCAP (World Meteorological
Organisation/United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific), decided to
start naming cyclones in the region. The group comprised of Bangladesh, India, the Maldives,
Myanmar, Oman, Pakistan, Sri Lanka and Thailand.

f WMO/ESCAP Panel on Tropical Cyclones (PTC) in its Muscat Session agreed to assign names to the
tropical cyclones in the Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea, commencing from 2004, based on a list of
names provided by the member countries
f IMD is the RSMC for North Indian Ocean and is responsible for tracking and naming the tropical
cyclones in the region. It names them as per this list in alphabetical order, after the storms have
formed over this region and reached the relevant intensity.
f WMO/ESCAP increases to 13 members: The WMO/ESCAP expanded to include five more countries in
2018 — Iran, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates and Yemen.
f New List: In April 2020, IMD released a list of 169 names of future tropical cyclones that would
emerge in the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea.
f Criteria: The Panel On Tropical Cyclones (PTC) accepts the names proposed by the members based on
the following criteria
f Name should be politically, culturally, religiously and gender neutral. Name should not hurt the
sentiments of any group of population over the globe.
f It should not be very rude and cruel in nature. It should be short, easy to pronounce.

f The maximum length of the name will be eight letter.
f It should be provided with its pronunciation and voice over.
f No Repetition: The names of tropical cyclones over the north Indian Ocean will not be repeated



PM WANI

f The objective is to provide public Wi-Fi service through Public Data Offices (PDOs) spread across the
length and breadth of the country just like what PCOs (Public Call Offices) did for telephone spread in
India.
f The Public Wi-Fi Networks will be set up by Public Data Office Aggregators (PDOAs).

f This was first recommended by the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) in 2017.
f The Public Data Offices (PDOs) will be there with no requirement of the license, registration, or any
other fees.
Key Highlights:
f The PDOs will either provide internet on their own or will lease from some other Internet Service
Provider (ISP).
f A central registry will be set-up which will maintain details of all app providers, PDOAs and PDOs and it
will be handled by the Centre for Development of Telematics (C-DoT).





H.O. : 38

CLAT 2021 21 Year Experienced Team






f A customer wanting to access the network from a PDO's premise can do so only after an eKYC
authentication.
f It will also have an app developer who will build a platform to register users and discover Wani-
compliant WI-Fi hotspots in an area and display them on the app.

Significance:
f New Wave of Internet Users: PM WANI will be able to connect a new wave of users not just to
commercial and entertainment options, but also to education, telehealth, and agriculture extension,
and bring greater accountability to the government by boosting transparency and interactivity.
f Enabler for Digital India: The scheme would enable small shopkeepers to provide Wi-Fi service and
boost internet connectivity strengthening the Digital India mission.
f Cutting The Red Tape: Through PM WANI, the government is hoping that by cutting through layers
of bureaucracy and eliminating licenses and fees, it can make it easy even for a tea shop owner to
register online.
f Domino Effect on Economy: According to the TRAI report, public Wi-Fi system on the WANI
architecture can lead to a 10% rise in net penetration which in turn can lead to a 1.4% increase in GDP.
f
Bridging the Digital Divide: PM WANI can result in a rapid scale-up of the Internet in rural India,
which will be Prime Minister Wi-Fi Access Network Interface (PM-WANI) got Cabinet approval in order
to elevate wireless internet connectivity in the country. transformative, given the low level of
penetration — 27.57 subscribers per 100 population in 2019.
f Low-Cost Alternative: Upcoming mobile technologies such as 5G may provide good quality data,
but they involve high investment in the new spectrum, connectivity equipment, and regular subscriber
fees.
Challenges in implementation of PM WANI:

f Security Risks: A public WiFI network has several security issues.
f Low Speed: As public WiFI network is usually accessed by several people at the same time, it results
in a considerable loss of bandwidth resulting in a slow network speed.

National Family Health Survey-5

Ministry of Health and Family Welfare published the results of National Family Health Survey- 5 (Phase I)
covering important health metrics of 22 States/UTs.
National Family Health Survey-5

It is a large-scale, multi-round health survey conducted in a representative sample of households
throughout India,

providing state and national information for India on fertility, infant and child mortality, family planning
practice, maternal and child health, reproductive health, nutrition, anaemia, utilization and quality of
health and family planning services.
Objectives:
Strengthen India's demographic and health database by providing information that is both reliable and
relied upon;
Strengthen the survey research capabilities of Indian institutions to provide, analyse, and disseminate
high quality data;



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CLAT 2021 21 Year Experienced Team






Anticipate and meet the country's needs for data on emerging health and family welfare issues.

Goal:
To provide essential data on health and family welfare needed by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
and other agencies for policy and programme purposes. Ministry of Health and Family Welfare released the
factsheet of the NFHS-5 for 22 States/UTs.
To provide information on important emerging health and family welfare issues.
How it is conducted?
f The International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS), Mumbai is the national nodal agency for
survey co- ordination and technical guidance. IIPS collaborates with other Field Organizations for
conducting survey in assigned states.
f Funding: ORC Macro (USA) and other organizations provided technical assistance on specific issues.
USAID, DFID, Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, UNICEF, UNFPA, and Ministry of Health and Family
Welfare (GOI) provided funding for various rounds of NFHS.

f Phase I: The NFHS-5 Phase I surveyed 22 states/UTs viz Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Goa,
Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram,
Nagaland, Sikkim, Telangana, Tripura, West Bengal, Andaman Nicobar Island, Dadra and Nagar Haveli
and Daman and Diu, Jammu & Kashmir, Ladakh and Lakshadweep.
f Phase II: It consists of survey of remaining 14 states/UTs, which was delayed due to COVID-19
lockdown and will be completed in first half of 2021.

f Sample size of NFHS-5: Contains 6.1 lakh sample households with disaggregated data up to district
levels.



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National policy on Migrant workers

A NITI Aayog policy draft has proposed the contours of a national policy on migrant workers. Several key
recommendations in the draft can be compared to a government working group report from 2017.
A rights-based approach
f The draft describes two approaches to policy design: one focussed
on cash transfers, special quotas, and reservations; the other which
enhances the agency and capability of the community and thereby
remove aspects that come in theway of an individual's own natural
ability to thrive.
f The policy rejects a handout approach, opting instead for a rights-
basedframework. It seeks to remove restrictions on true agency and
potential of themigrant workers; the goal, should not be to provide
temporary or permanent economic or social aids, which is a rather limited approach.
f Migration should be acknowledged as an integral part of development andgovernment policies should not
hinder but seek to facilitate internal migration .
Issues with existing law

f The 2017 report argued that specific protection legislation for migrant workers was unnecessary. Migrant
workers should be integrated with all worker as part of an overarching framework that covers regular and
contractual work.

f The report discussed the limitations of The Inter State Migrant Workers Act, 1979, which was designed to
protect labourers from exploitation by contractors by safeguarding their right to non-discriminatory
wages, travel and displacement allowances, and suitable working conditions.
f However, this law — which was modeled on a 1975 Odisha law — covered only labourers migrating
through a contractor, and left out independent migrants.
f The 2017 report questioned this approach, given the size of the country's unorganised sector. It called for
a comprehensive law for these workers, which would form the legal basis for an architecture of social
protection. This was in line with the recommendations of a 2007 report by the National Commission for
Enterprises in the Unorganised Sector under the Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises.
f The NITI Aayog's policy draft too, mentions that the Ministry of Labour and Employment should amend
the 1979 Act for “effective utilization to protect migrants”.



Glacial Lake Outburst Floods(GLOF)

A glacier break is suspected to have caused the flash floods in Uttarakhand's
Chamoli.In 2020, the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) had
issued detailed guidelines on how to reduce and deal with disasters caused by
what is scientifically called Glacial Lake Outburst Floods (GLOFs).

What are Glacial lakes?
A glacial lake is a body of water with origins from glacier activity. They are
formed when a glacier erodes the land, and then melts, filling the depression
created by the glacier.




H.O. : 41

CLAT 2021 21 Year Experienced Team






How glaciers and glacial lakes form?
Glaciers are found on every continent except Australia and some are hundreds of thousands of years old;
and a large cluster of glaciers are in the Himalayas. Glaciers are made of layers of compressed snow that
move or “flow” due to gravity and the softness of ice relative to rock. A glacier's “tongue” can extend
hundreds of kilometers from its high altitude origins, and the end, or “snout," can advance or retreat based
on snow accumulating or melting.
Proglacial lakes, formed after glaciers retreat, are often bound by sediment and boulder formations.

Additional water or pressure, or structural weakness, can cause both natural and manmade dams to burst,
sending a mass of floodwater surging down the rivers and streams fed by the glacier.

What is GLOF?
A GLOF is a type of outburst flood that occurs when the dam containing a
glacial lake fails. An event similar to a GLOF, where a body of water contained by a glacier
melts or overflows the glacier, is called a jökulhlaup. The dam can consist of glacier ice or a terminal moraine.

Causes of GLOF
i. A buildup of water pressure or structural weakness of boundary due to an increase in the flow of water.
ii. An earthquake (Tectonic) or cryoseism (non-tectonic seismic event of the glacial cryosphere) can also
cause GLOF. During this, the boundary of the glacial lake will collapse suddenly and release the water in
the glacial lake.
iii. An avalanche of rock or heavy snow: During this, the water in the glacial lake might be displaced by the
avalanche.

iv. Volcanic eruptions under the ice can also cause GLOF. These volcanic eruptions might displace the
boundary or increase the pressure on glacial lake or both.
v. Heavy rainfall/melting of snow: This can lead to massive displacement of water in a glacial lake.
vi. Long-term dam degradation can also induce GLOF.
vii. Other reasons such as the collapse of an adjacent glacial lake, etc.

How vulnerable are the Himalayas to GLOFs?
Unlike earthen dams, the weak structure of the moraine dam leads to the abrupt failure of the dam on top of
the glacial lake, which holds large volume of water. A failure of the dam has the potential of releasing millions
of cubic metres of water in a short period, causing catastrophic flooding downstream. According to NDMA,
glacial retreat due to climate change occurring in most parts of the Hindu Kush Himalaya has given rise to the
formation of numerous new glacial lakes, which are the major cause of GLOFs.

Since glaciers in the Himalayas are in a retreating phase, glacial lakes are
growing and pose a potentially large risk to downstream infrastructure and life.
Why did the glacier in Uttarakhand burst?

It's not yet known what caused part of the Nanda Devi glacier to snap off Sunday morning, sending
floodwater surging downstream toward power plants and villages in India's northern state of
Uttarakhand.Seismic activity and a buildup of water pressure can cause glaciers to burst, but one particular
concern is climate change. High temperatures coupled with less snowfall can accelerate melting, which
causes water to rise to potentially dangerous levels.Most mountain glaciers around the world were much
larger in the past and have been melting and shrinking dramatically due to climate change and global
warming.


H.O. : 42

CLAT 2021 21 Year Experienced Team


































Flaws in Flood management strategies:
f Construction of embankments without proper assessment: Embankments have been used extensively in
Assam and Bihar for managing flooded rivers. Some studies have concluded that in certain cases
embankments have enhanced the flood problem.
f Absence of an integrated approach by the Centre and the state: The Brahamaputra Board formed under
the Brahmaputra Board Act, 1980, lacks coordination with the state government. Similar lack of
coordination can be seen between the Assam Disaster Management Authority and National Disaster
Management Authority (NDMA).






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POINTERS


f India and Russia have agreed to establish a '2+2 Ministerial Dialogue' at the Foreign & Defence Minister
level between the two countries. Russia is the 4th country and 1st Non-Quad member country with which
India has established the '2+2 Ministerial dialogue' mechanism. India has such a mechanism with the US,
Japan and Australia. It is expected to boost the bilateral strategic partnership between India & Russia.
f Serum Institute of India (SII) is expanding its vaccine business in the United Kingdom with an investment
of £240 million. The serum has already started phase one trials in the UK of a one-dose nasal vaccine for
coronavirus, in partnership with Codagenix INC. This was a part of the £533 million of new Indian
investment in the UK in growing sectors such as health and technology.
f The Border Roads Organisation (BRO) was formed on 7 May 1960, with the primary goal of securing
India's borders and developing infrastructure in remote areas of India's north and northeastern states. On
7 May 2021 BRO celebrated its 61st Raising Day (foundation day).
f The Nation's first 'Drive in Vaccination Center' was inaugurated by MP Rahul Shewale in Mumbai. This
center has been set up in the parking lot of Kohinoor Square Tower at Dadar. This first of its kind 'Drive-in
Vaccination Center' facility has been made available to the citizens at a time when people with disabilities
are facing difficulties in getting to the vaccination center.
f The Ministry of Civil Aviation granted a conditional exemption from the Unmanned Aerial System (UAS)
Rules to the Indian Council of Medical Research for conducting a feasibility study of Covid-19 vaccine
delivery using drones. The ICMR has partnered with IIT Kanpur for this project.
f India notified a revenue threshold of Rs 2 crore and a limit of 300,000 users for non-resident technology
firms such as Google, Facebook, Netflix, to pay tax in India under new or revised bilateral tax pacts. This is
part of the Significant Economic Presence (SEP) principle, which was introduced in the Finance Bill 2018-
19. This will come into effect from April 1, 2022.
f Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) has launched a new mobile app for students and parents.
The new app 'Dost for Life' is an exclusive psychological counselling app for students and parents of CBSE-
affiliated schools. The new App will simultaneously cater to students and parents from CBSE-affiliated
schools in different geographies across the world.
f Prime Minister Narendra Modi recently released the eighth instalment of Prime Minister Kisan Samman
Nidhi. The Government of India transfers Rs 6,000 to the account of small and marginal farmers. These
funds are transferred in three instalments. The first instalment of Rs 2,000 is made between April and
June. The second Instalment is made between August and November. The third instalment is made
between December and March.
f The Competition Commission of India (CCI) has approved the proposed acquisition of 100 per cent
shareholding and sole control of Ingram Micro Inc by Imola Acquisition Corporation.
f Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi has approved signing of Memorandum of Understanding (MoU)
between Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI) and Qatar Financial Centre Authority
(QFCA).The MoU would enhance cooperation between the Institutes to work together to strengthen the
Accounting profession and entrepreneurship base in Qatar.
f The Union Cabinet approved the proposal of the Department of Heavy Industry for implementation of the
Production Linked Incentive (PLI) Scheme 'National Programme on Advanced Chemistry Cell (ACC)
Battery Storage' for achieving the manufacturing capacity of 50 GWh of ACC and 5 GWh of "Niche" ACC
with an outlay of 18,100 crores.



H.O. : 44

CLAT 2021 21 Year Experienced Team






f India lost the ONGC Videsh Ltd-discovered Farzad-B gas field in the Persian Gulf after Iran awarded a
contract for developing the giant gas field to a local company. The National Iranian Oil Company (NIOC)
has signed a contract worth USD 1.78 billion with Petropars Group for the development of Farzad B Gas
Field in the Persian Gulf.
f The Mahratta Chamber of Commerce, Industry, and Agriculture (MCCIA) has launched India's first agro-
export facilitation centre in Pune, in collaboration with National Bank for Agriculture and Rural
Development (NABARD). The new Facilitation Centre will work as a one-stop-centre for the exporters in
the agricultural sector as well as boost agricultural exports from the region, as per global standards.
f India's Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) has developed a Covid-19 antibody
detection kit. The DIPCOVAN kit can detect both spikes as well as nucleocapsid proteins of Coronavirus
with a high sensitivity of 97%. It has been approved by the Indian Council of Medical Research and has
been developed by the Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences lab of DRDO in association with
Delhi's Vanguard Diagnostics Pvt Ltd.

f The Railways will soon have 86 Oxygen plants for its hospitals across the country. Four oxygen plants are
already functional, 52 have been sanctioned and 30 are under various stages of processing. There is also a
Massive Capacity Enhancement in 86 Railway Hospitals across India. In last few days, the number of beds
for COVID treatment have been increased from 2539 to 6972.

f The Government has released Rs 5,968 crore to 15 states for the implementation of the Jal Jeevan Mission
in the financial year 2021-22. Of the central funds allocated under the Jal Jeevan Mission, 93 percent is to
be utilized on developing water supply infrastructure, 5 per cent on support activities and 2 percent on
water quality monitoring and surveillance.

f In order to address the problems of elders in the context of the ongoing COVID pandemic, the Ministry of
Social Justice has started state wise call centres in major states under the ELDERLIN project. The facility is
already made operational in 5 major states of UP, MP, Rajasthan, TN & Karnataka. Facility operationalised
with the assistance of Tata Trusts & NSE foundation. Likely to become functional in all states by end of May,
2021.

f The union government has decided to increase the fertilizer subsidy outlay for the year by 14,775 crore.
This will take the fertilizer subsidy outlay for 2021- 22 to Rs 94,305 crore from a budgeted outlay of Rs
79,530 crore. The decision was taken to increase the subsidy for diammonium phosphate (DAP) fertilizer
from Rs 500 to Rs 1200 per bag, an increase of 140 percent.

f The Centre slashed subsidy on sugar exports from Rs 6,000 per tonne to Rs 4,000 per tonne with
immediate effect in view of firm global prices. Sugar production in India has reached more than 30 million
tonne so far in the 2020-21 marketing year, higher than 27.42 million tonne achieved in the 2019-20 year,
as per the industry data. All India Sugar Trade Association (AISTA) Chairman Praful Vithalani.

f The Indian Council of Medical Research, ICMR has approved CoviSelf kit for the purpose of home testing.
It stated that all symptomatic individuals who test negative by Rapid Antigen Test should get themselves
immediately tested by RT-PCR.

f Union Cabinet, chaired by Prime Minister Narendra Modi has approved the opening of a new Consulate
General of India in Addu City, the Maldives in 2021. India and Maldives share ethnic, linguistic, cultural,
religious and commercial links steeped in antiquity. Maldives occupies an important place in the
'Neighbourhood First Policy' and the 'SAGAR' (Security and Growth for All in the Region) vision of the
Government of India.





H.O. : 45



CLAT 2021 21 Year Experienced Team






f The Union Cabinet has granted approval to the Memorandum of Understandings (MoUs) entered into by
the Institute of Cost Accountants of India and the Institute of Company Secretaries of India with various
countries and organisations. The MoUs seek to facilitate mutual recognition of qualifications and a range
of collaborative activities for the exchange of knowledge. The signed MoUs would help in the advancement
of the goals on equity, public accountability and innovation among the beneficiaries countries.
f India will launch 'UNITE AWARE', a mobile tech platform for the United Nations Peacekeepers to improve
their safety and security in the line of duty. It will be launched during India's United Nations Security
Council (UNSC) Presidency term in August 2021 (Presidency of the UNSC Council is held by each of the
members in turn for one month).
f Raksha Mantri Shri Rajnath Singh has launched the 'Services e-Health Assistance & Tele-consultation
(SeHAT) OPD portal, through video conferencing. The main motive of the portal is to provide telemedicine
services to the serving Armed Forces personnel, veterans and their families.
f The Ministry of Ayush is organising various activities in the run-up to the International Day of Yoga, 2021.
One among these is a series of five webinars that the Ministry is organising under the broad theme of “Be
with Yoga, Be at Home” in collaboration with five renowned organisations of the country who will present
one webinar each on a particular topic. Some renowned Organisations are:- The Art of Living, The Yoga
Institute, ArhamDhyanYog, etc. States Current Affairs

f Mamata Banerjee was sworn as West Bengal Chief Minister for the third time in the shadow of Covid and
post-poll violence in parts of the state. The oath ceremony took place with Covid protocols in place at the
“Throne Room” at the Raj Bhavan. The rest of the cabinet and the council of ministers will be sworn in on
May 9, the birth anniversary of Rabindranath Tagore.

f Tamil Nadu governor Banwarilal Purohit has appointed Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK) chief MK
Stalin as the chief minister of Tamil Nadu. The 68-year-old is the son of the former fiveterm Tamil Nadu
chief minister, the late M Karunanidhi. The DMK-led alliance won 159 seats, well ahead of the majority
mark of 118 seats. The party alone won 133 seats in the election.

f The All India NR Congress (AINRC) founder leader N Rangasamy has been sworn in as the Chief Minister of
the Union Territory of Puducherry, for a record fourth time, on May 07, 2021. N Rangasamy was
administered the oath of office and secrecy by Lieutenant governor (additional charge) Tamilisai
Soundararajan.

f The All India NR Congress (AINRC) founder leader N Rangasamy has been sworn in as the Chief Minister of
the Union Territory of Puducherry, for a record fourth time, on May 07, 2021. N Rangasamy was
administered the oath of office and secrecy by Lieutenant governor (additional charge) Tamilisai
Soundararajan.

f Under the Parvat Dhara scheme, the Himachal Pradesh government has initiated rejuvenation of water
sources and recharging aquifers through the forest department with an outlay of Rs 20 crore. The work
was started in 10 forest divisions that include Bilaspur, Hamirpur, Jogindernagar, Nachan, Parvati, Nurpur,
Rajgarh, Nalagarh, Theog and Dalhousie.

f The Maharashtra government has decided to implement the practice of appointing an "oxygen nurse",
currently prevalent in the tribal-dominated Nandurbar district, across the entire state. The primary job of
an "oxygen nurse" is to monitor its use among patients and ensure minimal wastage. Himanta Biswa
Sarma has been named as the 15th Chief Minister of Assam on May 08, 2021. He will replace incumbent
Sarbananda Sonowal. He will take the charge of the office with effect from May 10, 2021.





H.O. : 47

CLAT 2021 21 Year Experienced Team






f Education Minister of Tripura, Ratan Lal Nath launched the 'Auro Scholarship Programme' of Sri Aurobindo
Society for all the students of the state. Auro Scholarship Programme provides the monthly micro-
scholarship to the students in order to motivate them towards achieving better learning outcomes once
students achieve benchmark performance in 10-min curriculum-aligned Quizzes.
f Puducherry has achieved the target of 100% piped water connection in rural areas under the Jal Jeevan
Mission (JJM). Earlier, Goa, Telangana and Andaman & Nicobar Islands have provided tap water supply to
every rural home under Jal Jeevan Mission. So, Puducherry is the fourth State/UT to provide assured tap
water supply to every rural home under Jal Jeevan Mission.
f Delhi Police has launched a helpline number for senior citizens who are struggling with their essential
needs amid Covid-19. South District Police of the national capital has launched a COVI Van Helpline (012-
26241077) for senior citizens in the neighbourhood amid the coronavirus situation here.
f Punjab Chief Minister Amarinder Singh has declared Malerkotla as the 23rd district of the state on May 14,
2021, on the occasion of Eid-ul-Fitr. Malerkotla is a Muslim-dominated area and has been carved out of the
Sangrur district of the state. The government had promised that Malerkotla will be declared a district soon
f The Uttarakhand Police has launched a drive called "Mission Hausla" to help people get oxygen, beds,
ventilators, and plasma for Covid-19 patients. Besides these, police will also help the public to get
medicines meant for Covid-19 management as part of the mission and rations.
f The Telangana Government declared a complete ban on the controversial herbicide, Glyphosate, which is
used rampantly by farmers to kill weeds in HTBt cotton crop. The reason for the ban is that the excess use
of this herbicide by farmers is causing harm to soil and human health. Anybody violating the ban will be
punished under the Insecticide Act 1968.
f New Chief Minister of Assam, Himanta Biswa Sarma declared Ajanta Neog as Assam's first woman Finance
Minister.
f The Drugs Controller General of India (DCGI) has granted permission for emergency use of antiCOVID-19
therapeutic application of the drug 2- deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) developed by Institute of Nuclear Medicine
and Allied Sciences (INMAS), a lab of Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), in
collaboration with Dr. Reddy's Laboratories (DRL),Hyderabad.
f Himachal Government has launched the 'Ayush Ghar-Dwar' program to keep the home isolated Covid-19
positive patients healthy by practising Yoga. This program has been started by the Department of AYUSH
in collaboration with the Art of Living organisation. Yoga Bharti's instructors would provide their services
in the program. During the launch, about 80 home isolated Covid positive patients from all over the state
were also connected virtually.
f Black Fungus has been categorised as a notified disease in Haryana, making it imperative that
government authorities be informed about each case. This will allow in the tracking and management of
an outbreak. The COVID-19 pandemic in India has catalysed the spread of black fungus or mucormycosis,
which can disfigure people even when it is not fatal.
f Manipur Chief Minister N Biren Singh has launched a smartphone application “Manipur Organic Mission
Agency (MOMA) Market” for home delivery of fresh vegetables to ensure that people get fresh vegetables
at their doorsteps during the COVID-19 induced curfew.
f The Telangana government has selected 16 primary healthcare centres (PHCs) spread around Vikarabad
area hospital for pilot testing the ambitious 'Medicine from the sky', the first-of-its-kind project involving
delivery of medicines through multiple drones. The area hospital has been selected as the central point




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CLAT 2021 21 Year Experienced Team






owing to the presence of cold chain facilities and the selected PHCs are both within the Visual Line of Sight
(VLOS) and Beyond Visual Line of Sight (BVLOS) range.
f The West Bengal cabinet, chaired by Chief Minister Mamata Banerjee, has approved the formation of the
Legislative Council. At present, only Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Telangana, Maharashtra, Bihar, and
Uttar Pradesh have Legislative Council. Previously, West Bengal had a bicameral legislature but it was
abolished by the United Front government in 1969.
f Jharkhand has launched the 'Amrit Vahini' App for the online booking of hospital beds. Corona patients in
Jharkhand can book hospital beds online through the 'Amrit Vahini' App launched by CM Hemant Soren.
f Pinarayi Vijayan was sworn as Kerala Chief Minister for the second time in the shadow of the Covid-19
crisis in the state. The oath ceremony took place with Covid protocols in place at the Central Stadium in
Thiruvananthapuram. Governor Arif Mohammed Khan administered the oath of office to 76-year-old
Vijayan. It is the second stint of the Marxist veteran in the top office.
f Haryana and Gujarat have become the first few states to announce reimbursement of Goods and Services
Tax (GST) components paid for Covid-19 related medical supplies. These medical supplies include oxygen
concentrators, ventilators, medicines which would be donated free of cost to the state governments.
Waiver from Haryana is till June 30, while that of Gujarat is valid till July 31.
f Bihar government has launched 'HIT Covid App' to ensure regular monitoring and tracking of those Covid-
19 patients, who are in home isolation across the state. HIT stands for home isolation tracks. Chief
Minister Nitish Kumar said the app will help the health workers in regular monitoring of homeisolated
patients.
f In wake of the acute oxygen shortage across the country, the Karnal administration (Haryana) has rolled
out 'Oxygen on wheels' to assist hospitals in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic and oxygen crisis.
The purpose is to ensure a smooth supply of medical oxygen to hospitals treating Covid patients.
f Haryana government has launched an anti-Covid “Sanjeevani Pariyojana”, which will provide supervised
and quick medical care at home for people, with mild to moderate symptoms of Covid19, residing in rural
areas. This Pariyojana has been launched to extend medical care in rural areas where awareness
regarding the second wave of Covid-19 and related treatment remains low. It is an important step of
bringing medical care for the people who need it most and when they need it most.
f Maharashtra government has launched the “Mission Oxygen Self-Reliance” scheme to meet the state's
oxygen needs. Special incentives will be given to oxygen-producing industries under this scheme. At
present, the state's oxygen generation capacity is 1300 M per day. Units set up in Vidarbha, Marathwada,
Dhule, Nandurbar, Ratnagiri and Sindhudurg regions will be eligible for incentives up to 150 per cent of
their eligible fixed capital investments and units set up in the rest of Maharashtra will be eligible for up to
100 per cent general incentives.
f Uttarakhand Chief Minister Tirath Singh Rawat has announced Chief Minister Vatsalya Yojana for
orphaned children who have lost their parents due to Covid-19. Under the scheme, the State Government
will make arrangements for their maintenance, education and training for employment up to the age of 21
years. The Chief Minister said that such orphaned children of the state will be given a maintenance
allowance of 3000 rupees per month.
f The Punjab Government finally announced to rename the Mohali International Hockey Stadium, after
triple Olympian and Padma Shri Balbir Singh Sr. The stadium will now be known as Olympian Balbir Singh
Senior International Hockey Stadium. The government also announced to start a scholarship scheme in




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CLAT 2021 21 Year Experienced Team






the legend's name for meritorious hockey players of the state.
f Assam Chief Minister Himanta Biswa Sarma has appointed 'Guardian Ministers' to oversee the
implementation of government policy decisions, administrative reforms, and other welfare schemes in all
the 34 districts of the state. 13 'Guardian Ministers' have been appointed for all 34 districts in Assam, for
balanced, speedy and sustainable developments of these districts. The assigned ministers will be
responsible for the implementation of government policy decisions, administrative reforms, and other
welfare schemes in all the 34 districts of the state. 13 'Guardian Ministers' have been appointed for all 34
districts in Assam, for balanced, speedy and sustainable developments of these districts. The assigned
ministers will be responsible for the implementation of all centrally-sponsored schemes as well as the
state's own priority programmes.

f Chief Minister of Kerala, Pinarayi Vijayan has announced a secretary-level committee will formulate
guidelines and recommendations on implementation of the “Smart Kitchen Scheme” in state to fulfil
commitments of the Left Democratic Front (LDF). It aims to account and reduce the workload of women's
domestic labour. Smart Kitchen Scheme will be launched by July 10, 2021. Schemes/Committees

f New Bhaupur- New Khurja section of Eastern Dedicated Freight Corridor (EDFC) will be inaugurated by
the PM Narendra Modi on 29th December, 2020 at 11 AM through video conferencing. During the event,
Prime Minister will also inaugurate EDFC's Operation Control Centre (OCC) at Prayagraj.

f Prime Minister Narendra Modi has flagged off the country’s first-ever fully-automated driverless train
service on the Magenta Line of the Delhi Metro. Apart from this, PM also launched fully operational
National Common Mobility Card (NCMC) on the Airport Express Line of Delhi Metro, to connect DMRC
with the NCMC service.

f Prime Minister Narendra Modi has flagged off the 100th Kisan Rail' on 28th December 2020. The 100th
run of the Kisan Rail was flagged off from Sangola in Maharashtra to Shalimar in West Bengal virtually.
Kisan Rail is a mobile cold storage to move perishable things like fruits, vegetables, milk, fish, etc., with
complete security.

f The Central government has further extended the deadline to file an income tax return (ITR) for FY 2019-
20 by 10 days, up to January 10, 2021. Earlier this deadline was December 31, 2020.
f Prime Minister Narendra Modi laid the foundation stone of Light House projects (LHPs) at six sites across
six States through video conference on 1st January 2021. The LHPs will be implemented at Indore
(Madhya Pradesh), Rajkot (Gujarat), Chennai (Tamil Nadu), Ranchi (Jharkhand), Agartala (Tripura) and
Lucknow (Uttar Pradesh).
f India has been chosen as the co-chair of the IUCN supported Asia Protected Areas Partnership (APAP) for
a period of three years till November 2023.
f India will replace South Korea, which held the post for 3 years until November 2020. The Union
Education Minister Ramesh Pokhriyal ‘Nishank' and Union Minister WCD and Textiles Smt. Smriti Zubin
Irani jointly launched Toycathon-2021 and the Toycathon Portal.
f Toycathon is being organized to develop India as the global Toy manufacturing hub. Toycathon will
provide a platform to conceptualize innovative toys based on the Indian value system which will inculcate
the positive behaviour and good value among the children.
f The Central Government has set up a high-level group to build a South Asia-focused energy security
architecture. The high-level group, named the South Asia Group for Energy (SAGE), will be headed by
former Union Power Secretary Ram Vinay Shahi. SAGE has been set up under the Ministry of External




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