Blue Science Portfolio
Nate Brancazio
Scientific Method
Scientific Method Experiment - Hot and
Cold Water
QUIZ: Scientific Method
Scientific Method
Directions: R ead the following description of an experiment and complete the
components of the scientific method.
Experiment:
Option #1: Patrick believed that fish would become smarter and complete a maze
faster if they ate food that was placed in a microwave first. He had 100 fish that he
could use for the experiment. He evaluated their intelligence based on their time to
complete the maze.
Option #2: Mr. Smithers believed that Caffeine may make people more alert. Mr.
Smithers tested 100 people by using their scores in the same video game. Devin had 3
different brands of drinks with 10 g, 20 g, and 30 g of caffeine respectively. He
measured their scores on a video game that had a range of 0-1000 points. Some of the
players were not given caffeine drinks. on the game
*Help Mr. Smithers design an effective experiment and write a conclusion that analyzes
your results.
Problem Statement
How does microwaving food for different amounts of time affect the time it takes fish to
complete a maze
Hypothesis
If the fish eat food that is microwaved, then they will have a slower time on the maze
Independent Variable
Fish that eat food that Fish that eat food that Fish that eat food that Fish that eat food that
is not microwaved is microwaved for 1 is microwaved for 2 is microwaved for 3
minute minutes minutes
Dependent Variable
The time it takes for a fish to complete a maze
Constants (Pick 2) Type of food
Amount of food
Control
Fish that eat food that is not microwaved
Basic Procedures:
(List 5-8 steps)
1. Split the fish up into groups of 25
2. Microwave the food for the different times - 1 min, 2 min, 3 min, no minutes
3. Feed the food to the fish
4. Put the fish in the maze and record the time it takes for each fish to solve it
5. Find an average for each group
Data Table: (Place data table here)
Group: Average Time (Seconds)
Not microwaved 43
1 Minute 51
2 Minutes 47
3 Minutes 38
Graph: (Place graph here)
Conclusion:
Purpose, Hypothesis, Description, Data or evidence, Improvements, Conclusion
The purpose of this experiment was to determine whether or not microwaving food
affects the time it takes for a fish to complete a maze and therefore gives it a higher intelligence.
My hypothesis was if the fish eat food that is microwaved, then they will have a slower time on
the maze. In the experiment I split the fish up into groups of 25, and fed each group food that
was microwaved for a different time. The groups were no microwaving, 1 minute, 2 minutes, and
3 minutes of microwaving. After giving the food to the fish, I put them in the maze and recorded
the time time it took each fish to solve it. I then found the average time for each group. The no
microwaving group had an average of 43 seconds, the 1 minute group had an average of 51
seconds, the 2 minute group had an average of 47 seconds and the 3 minute group had an
average of 38 seconds. Some improvements that could be made include trying longer times
microwaving the food and using a larger group of fish. In conclusion, the 3 minute group had the
fastest time, and may have had a higher intelligence than the other 3 groups. The other
microwaved groups had a slower time than the non-microwaved group, and averaged 6
seconds slower than the non-microwaved group. In the future, I am going to try even higher
times of microwaving to see if it had any effect on the times of the fish
1. Reflection
This unit taught me what the scientific method is, how to find data and create an experiment
using it, and how to graph it.
2. Science Articles: Cassini Spacecraft
https://www.space.com/38153-cassini-huygens-saturn-mission-titan.html
https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/speaking-of-science/wp/2017/09/15/the-cassini-spacecr
aft-just-crashed-into-saturn/?utm_term=.8a2bb3b58648
Density Lab Report
I. Investigation Design
A. Problem Statement:
How do you use density to identify unknown metals
B. Hypothesis:
If density is known then unknown metals can be correctly identified
C. Independent Variable: x
Levels of IV
Copper Tin Bronze Brass Zink Aluminium Copper Aluminium
D. Dependent Variable:y
Density (g/cm3 )
E. Constants: Scale Water Temperature
Beaker
F. Control:
Water
G. Materials: (List with numbers)
1. Cylinder
2. Beaker
3. Dropper
4. Scale
5. Metals
H. Procedures: (List with numbers and details)
1. Weighed metal
2. Measured the water before adding metal
3. Dropped metal into the water
4. Measured water after adding metal
5. Calculated the difference between water before and after and found the volume
6. Divided the mass of the metal by the volume and found density
II. Data Collection
A. Qualitative Observations:
● Some metals were cylindrical
● Others were cubed
● Metallic, dull colors
● Metal itself shiny
B. Quantitative Observations: (Key data)
1. Data Table
Metals Density
Copper Day 1 Density Day 2
Aluminum
Zinc 9.6 9.6
Brass 2.7 2.7
Bronze 9.7 7.3
Tin 8.5 8.5
13.4 13.4
3.2 4.8
2. Graph
3. Calculations
Show 3 Math Examples
Copper
D = m/v
D= 27 g
3 cm3
D = 9 g/cm3
Aluminum
D = m/v
D= 29.5 g
11 cm3
D = 2.6 g/cm3
Bronze
D = m/v
D= 267.4 g
20 cm3
D = 13.4 g/cm3
III. Data Analysis/Conclusion
In conclusion, we can figure out which unlabeled metals are the same by finding their
density. Each metal has a different density, so if we could find it for each type, we could
identify which metals were the same on the 2 different days. We used density and not mass or
volume because two different metals could have the same mass or volume, but still be a
different type. For example, objects D and F had the same volume of 3cm2 but were different.
However, they had a different density allowing us to identify them on the second day.
IV. Research and Applications
5 6-8 sentences about your topic
*How does Density relate to Plate Tectonics?
Plate tectonics is how the Earth’s outer shell and inner mantle move around and react
with each other. The outer shell is divided into different plates, and those plates move around
and collide. When they collide, one plate might move up or down in the mantle. This is due to
buoyancy and density. If one plate is less dense than the other, it is more buoyant than another,
it would move up if they collide. The buoyancy of the plates is caused by their temperature,
warmer plates that are under other plates and closer to the hot mantle are less dense, and go
up, with it being the opposite for the plates on top. When the plates collide, the less dense one
or the one that moves up, can create mountain ranges, valleys, and volcanoes.
V. References and Citations
2 or 3 web links
● https://www.khanacademy.org/partner-content/amnh/earthquakes-and-volcanoes/plate-t
ectonics/a/plates-on-the-move
● https://www.livescience.com/37706-what-is-plate-tectonics.html
● http://www.geo.cornell.edu/geology/classes/Geo101/101week9_f05.html
Quiz - Density
Your grade: 15 / 16 (93.75%)
Correct
+1 / 1 point(s)
The density of an object is
Your Answer: Mass divided by the volume D = m/v
Correct
+1 / 1 point(s)
If two objects have the same volume but one has a greater mass, the one with greater mass
Your Answer: has a higher density
Correct
+1 / 1 point(s)
If two objects have the same volume but one is made up of smaller and heavier atoms, the one
with small heavy atoms will
Your Answer: be more dense than the other
Correct
+1 / 1 point(s)
If you cut a wooden block in half, each half would have
Your Answer: the same density as the original piece
Correct
+1 / 1 point(s)
If two objects have the same mass but different volumes
Your Answer: the one with the larger volume has the lowest density
Correct
+1 / 1 point(s)
If the density of water is 1 gram/cm3, this means that the mass of 100 cm3 of water should be
Your Answer: 100 grams
Correct
+1 / 1 point(s)
Density is a characteristic property of a substance. This means that the density of water
Your Answer: stays the same regardless of the volume
Correct
+1 / 1 point(s)
Woof floats in water. If you measured the mass of the same volume of wood and water
Your Answer: the water would have a greater mass
Incorrect
0 / 1 point(s)
A carrot floats in salt water but sinks in fresh water. This is because
Your Answer: fresh water is more dense than salt water
Correct
+1 / 1 point(s)
A tiny piece of sand is very light but sinks in water. This is because
Your Answer: sand is more dense than water
Correct
+1 / 1 point(s)
The density of hot an cold water are different mainly because
Your Answer: the molecules in hot water move faster and are slightly further apart
Correct
+1 / 1 point(s)
Pure Gold has a Density of 19.32 g/cm3. How large would a piece of gold be if it had a mass of
318.97 g?
Your Answer: 16.5 cm3
Correct
+1 / 1 point(s)
Calculate the density of sulfuric acid if 35.4 mL of the acid is 65.14 g.
Your Answer: 1.84 g/mL
Correct
+1 / 1 point(s)
28.5 g of iron hot is added to a graduated cylinder containing 45.5 mL of water. The water level
rises to the 49.10 mL mark. From this information, calculate the density of iron.
Your Answer: 7.92 g/cm3
Correct
+1 / 1 point(s)
The density of silver is 10.49 g/cm3. If a sample of pure silver has a volume of 27 cm3, what
would be its mass?
Your Answer: 283.2 g
Correct
+1 / 1 point(s)
A student finds a rock on the way to school. In the laboratory he determines that the volume of
the rock is 34.5 cm3, and the mass is 48.3 g. What is the density of the rock?
Your Answer: 1.4 g/cm3
Scientific Method Test
Your grade: 39 / 43 (90.69%)
Correct
1. A scientist conducted an experiment to determine how the amount of salt in a body of water
affects the number of plants that can live in the water. In this experiment the dependent variable
is _____________.
Your Answer: the number of plants in the water
Incorrect
0 / 1 point(s)
2. A scientist hypothesizes that the temperature at which an alligator's egg is incubated will
determine whether the alligator will be male or female. The independent variable is
____________.
Your Answer: the gender of the alligator
Correct
+1 / 1 point(s)
3. In an experiment, the factor that we measure and is on the Y-axis is called the
____________.
Your Answer: dependent variable
Correct
+1 / 1 point(s)
4. In an experiment, the one variable that is changed by the experimenter is called the
_____________.
Your Answer: independent variable
Correct
+1 / 1 point(s)
5. If you were measuring the mass of a fly, you should use ____________.
Your Answer: grams
Correct
+1 / 1 point(s)
6. If you wanted to know the volume of water in a small can of soda, you would use
______________.
Your Answer: milliliters
Correct
+1 / 1 point(s)
7. A scientist who wants to study the affects of fertilizer on plants sets up an experiment. Plant A
gets no fertilizer, Plant B gets 5 mg. of fertilizer each day, and Plant C gets 10mg. of fertilizer
each day. Which plant is the control?
Your Answer: Plant A
Correct
+1 / 1 point(s)
8. Victoria grows the same bacteria in 20 petri dishes. She places 10 of the dishes in a
container with a normal atmosphere. The remaining dishes she places in a container in which
the oxygen level is double the normal level. She labels the first group "A" and the second group
"B". Which of the following best describes the groups?
Your Answer: Group A is the control group; Group B is the experimental group
Correct
+1 / 1 point(s)
9. Homer notices that his shower is covered in a strange green slime. Homer decides to spray
half of the shower with coconut juice thinking this will kill the slime. He sprays the other half of
the shower with water. After 3 days of "treatment" the green slime on the coconut juice side of
the shower dies. The dependent variable in his experiment is _____________.
Your Answer: the amount of the green slime
Correct
+1 / 1 point(s)
10. For an experiment, a scientist put lime at the base of tomato plant A and baking soda at the
base of tomato plant B. She then sealed the plants in plastic bags. Tomato plant A eventually
died, and tomato plant B stayed healthy. What is the Independent Variable in this experiment?
Your Answer: the substance at the base of each plant
Correct
+1 / 1 point(s)
11. I am trying to clean my bathroom because it has mold on the bottom. I was told to use oxy
clean to get it up. I use oxy clean on half of the bathroom and water on the other half. The
control is:
Your Answer: water
Incorrect
0 / 1 point(s)
12. A scientist plants two rows of corn for experimentation. She puts fertilizer on row 1 but does
not put fertilizer on row 2. Both rows receive the same amount of water and light intensity. She
checks the growth of the corn over the course of 5 months. What is a constant in this
experiment.
Your Answer: Corn without fertilizer
Correct
+1 / 1 point(s)
13. A student wants to conduct an experiment to find out how pulse rates changes as the length
of time spent exercising increases. The dependent variable will be _____.
Your Answer: pulse rate
Correct
+1 / 1 point(s)
14. A student hypothesized that the amount of sunlight a sunflower plant receives determines
the number of sunflower seeds the plant produces. In her experiment, the number of seeds
produced is the _____.
Your Answer: dependent variable
Correct
+1 / 1 point(s)
15. In a controlled experiment, the independent variable is ____.
Your Answer: changed to test the hypothesis - it goes on the x-axis
Correct
+1 / 1 point(s)
16. Sarah wanted to find out if temperature has an effect on the growth of bread mold. She grew
the mold in nine Petri dishes containing the same amount and type of nutrients. Three were kept
at 0 C, three were kept at 90 C, and three were kept at room temperature, 27 C. The containers
were examined and the growth of the bread mold was recorded each Friday for five weeks.
Which of the following is her hypothesis?
Your Answer: If the temperature changes then the amount of bread mold will change.
Correct
+1 / 1 point(s)
17. Sarah wanted to find out if temperature has an effect on the growth of bread mold. She grew
the mold in nine Petri dishes containing the same amount and type of nutrients. Three were kept
at 0 C, three were kept at 90 C, and three were kept at room temperature, 27 C. The containers
were examined and the growth of the bread mold was recorded each Friday for five weeks. The
independent variable is:
Your Answer: temperature of the containers
Correct
+1 / 1 point(s)
18. What is the independent variable in the experiment found in the link below?
Your Answer: color of the light
Correct
+1 / 1 point(s)
19. In the experiment found on the link, all of the following variables must be held constant
EXCEPT
Your Answer: color of the light
Correct
+1 / 1 point(s)
20. An unknown substance from planet X has a density of 10 g/mL. It occupies a volume of 80
mL. What is the mass of this unknown substance?
Your Answer: 800 g
Correct
+1 / 1 point(s)
21. A graduated cylinder has 22 mL of water placed in it. An irregularly shaped rock is then
placed in the graduated cylinder and the volume of the rock and water in the graduated cylinder
now reads 30 mL . The mass of the rock is 24 g. What is the density of the rock?
Your Answer: 3 g/cm3
Correct
+1 / 1 point(s)
22. A rectangular solid of unknown density is 5 cm long, 2 cm high, and 4 cm wide. The mass of
this solid is 300 grams. Given this information for this homogeneous material, calculate the
density.
Your Answer: 7.5 g/cm3
Correct
+1 / 1 point(s)
23. Silver has a density of 10.5 g/cm3 and gold has a density of 19.3 g/cm3 . Which would have
a greater mass, 5 cm3 of silver or 5 cm3 of gold?
Your Answer: Gold
Correct
+1 / 1 point(s)
24. A 28.5 g of iron is added to a graduated cylinder containing 45.5 mL of water. The water
level rises to the 49.1 mark. Calculate the density.
Your Answer: 7.92 g/cm3
Correct
+1 / 1 point(s)
25. 43.2 m = __________ mm
Your Answer: 43200
Correct
+1 / 1 point(s)
26. 8700 mL = ________ L
Your Answer: 8.7
Correct
+1 / 1 point(s)
27. 5.9 km = _____________ m
Your Answer: 5900
Correct
+1 / 1 point(s)
28. 756.0 cg = _____________ g
Your Answer: 7.56
Correct
+1 / 1 point(s)
29. 23,000 mm = _____________ m
Your Answer: 23
Correct
+1 / 1 point(s)
30. Metric Unit for Mass
Your Answer: GRAMS
Correct
+1 / 1 point(s)
31. Metric Unit for Density of a Solid
Your Answer: g/cm3
Incorrect
0 / 1 point(s)
32. Metric Unit for Density of a Liquid
Your Answer: mL/g
Incorrect
0 / 1 point(s)
33. Which appliance is used twice as many hours on the weekends as it is on weekdays?
Your Answer: Computer
Correct
+1 / 1 point(s)
34.On average, how many hours is the computer used on a weekday?
Your Answer: 2
Correct
+1 / 1 point(s)
35. Which 2 objects are the same substance?
Your Answer: 1 and 4
Correct
+1 / 1 point(s)
36. What would the mass of the gold in B if the volume is 50% of A?
Your Answer: 500 g
Correct
+1 / 1 point(s)
37. Why does the Oceanic Plate sink below the Continental Plate in the picture?
Your Answer: The Oceanic Plate made of Basalt is MORE DENSE than the Continental Plate
made of Granite.
Correct
+1 / 1 point(s)
38. Why are mountains such as the Himalayans formed? Study the picture.
Your Answer: Continental plates collide with equal density Continental Plates and are forced
upwards.
Correct
+1 / 1 point(s)
39. What volume of silver metal will have a mass of exactly 300.0 g. The density of silver is 10.5
g/cm3.
Your Answer: 28.6 cm3
Correct
+1 / 1 point(s)
40. The density of lead is 11.342 g/cm3. What would be the volume of a 400.0 g sample of this
metal?
Your Answer: 35.3 cm3
Correct
+1 / 1 point(s)
41. If two objects have the same volume but one has a greater mass, the one with greater mass
Your Answer: has a higher density
Correct
+1 / 1 point(s)
42. If the density of water is 1 gram/cm3, this means that the mass of 100 cm3 of water should
be
Your Answer: 100 grams
Correct
+1 / 1 point(s)
43. The density of hot an cold water are different mainly because
Your Answer: the molecules in hot water move faster and are slightly further apart
Activity - Phase Changes of Water
Directions:
● Melt the ice water and record the temperatures every 30 seconds until you reach the
boiling point of water.
● Record the temperatures on the following data table:
Construct a graph of your results. *U se Link on Classroom
● Respond to the Critical Thinking Questions
Graph:
Critical Thinking Questions:
1. When did the temperatures stay the same on the graph? Why did the
temperatures stay the same at 2 points during the lab?
The temperatures on the graph stayed the same when there was heat of fusion
occurring. It was when ice was turning into water and the water was turning into
vapor.
2. How would the graph be different if we tried this experiment with Gold?
Explain: I t would be different because gold has a different heat of fusion, heat of
vaporization, and specific heat the water. Therefore, the values on the graph would
be different, most likely higher.
3. What is the role of energy during the phase changes?
During the phase changes, heat is being turned into kinetic energy. It makes the
molecules move around.
4. Describe the motion of the molecules throughout the experiment. Find
diagrams that show the motion.
During the experiment as the water got warmer, it molecules moved/vibrated faster and
the bonds started breaking
5. How does the Average Kinetic Energy change throughout the experiment?
(Be specific)
It starts off rising at a steady pace. That is when the ice is heating up. Then it stays
around the same temperature for a few minutes. That is when the ice is melting. It
then rapidly goes up and then stops, which is when it starts to boil
6. Suppose you had 200 mL of ice in one beaker and 400 mL of ice in another
beaker. Compare and explain the following in the beakers after they have
reached the boiling point:
A. Heat Energy
The heat energy would be different as it is dependent on mass, which is different
B. Temperature
It would be the same, as water has the same temperature for boiling points, no matter
the amount
C. Average Kinetic Energy
The average kinetic energy of 400 mL of water and 200 mL of water are different after
the boiling point. This is because it takes more heat energy to reach this point, meaning
more kinetic energy.
D. Specific Heat
It would be the same, they are both liquid water
E. Latent Heat (Define it)
Latent heat is energy released or absorbed, by a body or system, during a
constant-temperature process (phase change).
7. Why do we put water in a car’s engine? Explain:
Water is sometimes added to a car’s engine to keep it from overheating. This is called
a coolant.
8. Compare moth crystals to water
After conducting two experiments; One of moth crystals, one of water, I noticed some
differences and similarities. One difference included the fact that it took much less time to fuse a
liquid into moth crystals than it took to turn water into boiling water. Once similarity was that both
substances went through at least one phase change where the heat stopped increasing, but the
temperature continued. This is shown on both graphs, (moth crystals below, water at the top).
Calculate Heat Energy: * SH
Apply the following Equations: Boiling Heat of
Heat = Mass * Heat of Fusion Pt. ( C) Vaporization
Heat = Mass * Change in Temperature
Heat = Mass * Heat of Vaporization (cal/g)
Data Table:
Metal Mass Heat of Melting Specific Heat
Fusion Pt. (C) Heat Energy
(cal/g) (cal/gC) (cal)
Water 65 g 80 0 100 540 1 4.68 *
104 cal
Aluminum 65 g 95 660 2467 2500 0.21 1.93*105
cal/g
Gold 65 g 15 1063 2800 377 0.03 2.89 *
104 cal
Iron 65 g 65 1,538 2862 1515.3 0.11 1.12 *
105 c al
*SHOW ALL MATH STEPS
Math Steps (____ out of 4)
A. Aluminum
Heat = m · H fusion
Heat = 65g · 95cal/g
Heat = 6, 175 al
//Aluminum melted, now a liquid
Heat = m · ΔT · SH
Heat = 65g · 1807 · 0.21cal/g
Heat = 24, 665.55 cal
//Aluminum is at boiling point
Heat = m · H V aportization
Heat = 65g · 2500cal/g
Heat = 162, 500cal
//Aluminum vaporized, now a gas
T otal = 6, 175 + 24, 655.55 + 162, 500
T otal = 193, 340.55cal
T otal = 1.93 × 10 5 cal
B. Gold
Heat = m * Hfusion
Heat = 65 g * 15 cal/g
Heat = 975 cal
Heat = m * T* SH
Heat = 65 g * 1737 C * .03 cal/gC
Heat = 3387.15 cal
Heat = m * Hvaporization
Heat = 65 g * 377 cal/g
Heat = 24505 cal
Total = 28867.55 cal
2.89 * 104 cal
C. Water
Heat = m * Hfusion
Heat = 65 g * 80 cal/g
Heat = 5200 cal
Heat = m * T * SH
Heat = 65 g * 100 C * 1 cal/gC
Heat = 6500 cal
Heat = m * Hvaporization
Heat = 65 g * 540 cal/g
Heat = 35100 cal
Total = 46800 cal (4.68 * 104 cal)
D. Iron
Heat = m * Hf usion
Heat = 65 g * 65 cal/g
Heat = 4225 cal
Heat = m * ΔT * SH
Heat = 65 g * 1324 C * 0.11 cal/gC
Heat = 9466.6 cal
Heat = m * Hvaporization
Heat = 65 g * 1515.3 cal/g
Heat = 98514 cal
Total = 112205.6 cal (1.12 * 105 cal)
Graph your Results:
Questions:
1. How are the substances different?
These substances are different because they have different specific heats, different phase
change heats, have different densities, etc.
2. What is the difference between Heat and Temperature?
Temperature is the measure of the average heat and Heat is the measure of the energy of the
molecular motion inside the object.
3. Place your Heat Energy results in Scientific Notation.
Water: 4.68 * 104
Aluminum: 1.93 * 105
Gold: 2.89 * 104
4. Why do metals have such low specific heats? How does this relate to Conductors?
Metal atoms in pure metal are very close together and are able to transfer heat easily via
conduction from one atom exciting the other atoms next to it. So the amount of energy it takes
to heat a metal is relatively small to that of water for example.
5. How are Heat and Temperature different for the following pictures of boiling water?
Explain: (Hint: Use the Heat equation)
If you use the heat equation to decide how Heat and Temperature are different, the difference
would be the mass of the water. It takes more Heat to boil a greater mass of water than water of
less mass, meaning the temperature will be higher with more heat.
QUIZ REVIEW: Phase Changes
Calculate Heat Energy: * SH
Apply the following Equations: Boiling Heat of
Heat = Mass * Heat of Fusion Pt. ( C) Vaporization
Heat = Mass * Change in Temperature
Heat = Mass * Heat of Vaporization (cal/g)
Data Table:
Metal Mass Heat of Melting Specific Heat
Fusion Pt. (C) Heat Energy
(cal/g) (cal/gC) (cal)
Water 65 g 80 0 100 540 1 4.68 *
104 cal
Aluminum 65 g 95 660 2467 2500 0.21 1.93*105
cal/g
Gold 65 g 15 1063 2800 377 0.03 2.89 *
104 cal
Iron 65 g 65 1,538 2862 1515.3 0.11 1.12 *
105 c al
*SHOW ALL MATH STEPS
Math Steps (____ out of 4)
A. Aluminum
Heat = m · H fusion
Heat = 65g · 95cal/g
Heat = 6, 175 al
//Aluminum melted, now a liquid
Heat = m · ΔT · SH
Heat = 65g · 1807 · 0.21cal/g
Heat = 24, 665.55 cal
//Aluminum is at boiling point
Heat = m · H V aportization
Heat = 65g · 2500cal/g
Heat = 162, 500cal
//Aluminum vaporized, now a gas
T otal = 6, 175 + 24, 655.55 + 162, 500
T otal = 193, 340.55cal
T otal = 1.93 × 10 5 cal
B. Gold
Heat = m * Hfusion
Heat = 65 g * 15 cal/g
Heat = 975 cal
Heat = m * T* SH
Heat = 65 g * 1737 C * .03 cal/gC
Heat = 3387.15 cal
Heat = m * Hvaporization
Heat = 65 g * 377 cal/g
Heat = 24505 cal
Total = 28867.55 cal
2.89 * 104 cal
C. Water
Heat = m * Hfusion
Heat = 65 g * 80 cal/g
Heat = 5200 cal
Heat = m * T * SH
Heat = 65 g * 100 C * 1 cal/gC
Heat = 6500 cal
Heat = m * Hvaporization
Heat = 65 g * 540 cal/g
Heat = 35100 cal
Total = 46800 cal (4.68 * 104 cal)
D. Iron
Heat = m * Hf usion
Heat = 65 g * 65 cal/g
Heat = 4225 cal
Heat = m * ΔT * SH
Heat = 65 g * 1324 C * 0.11 cal/gC
Heat = 9466.6 cal
Heat = m * Hvaporization
Heat = 65 g * 1515.3 cal/g
Heat = 98514 cal
Total = 112205.6 cal (1.12 * 105 cal)
Graph your Results:
Questions:
1. How are the substances different?
These substances are different because they have different specific heats, different phase
change heats, have different densities, etc.
2. What is the difference between Heat and Temperature?
Temperature is the measure of the average heat and Heat is the measure of the energy of the
molecular motion inside the object.
3. Place your Heat Energy results in Scientific Notation.
Water: 4.68 * 104
Aluminum: 1.93 * 105
Gold: 2.89 * 104
4. Why do metals have such low specific heats? How does this relate to Conductors?
Metal atoms in pure metal are very close together and are able to transfer heat easily via
conduction from one atom exciting the other atoms next to it. So the amount of energy it takes
to heat a metal is relatively small to that of water for example.
5. How are Heat and Temperature different for the following pictures of boiling water?
Explain: (Hint: Use the Heat equation)
If you use the heat equation to decide how Heat and Temperature are different, the difference
would be the mass of the water. It takes more Heat to boil a greater mass of water than water of
less mass, meaning the temperature will be higher with more heat.
QUIZ: Phase Changes 2017
Calculate Heat Energy: * SH
Apply the following Equations: Boiling Heat of
Heat = Mass * Heat of Fusion Pt. ( C) Vaporization
Heat = Mass * Change in Temperature
Heat = Mass * Heat of Vaporization (cal/g)
Data Table:
Metal Mass Heat of Melting Specific Heat
Fusion Pt. (C) Heat Energy
(cal/g) (cal/gC) (cal)
Water 37 g 80 0 100 540 1 2.66 *
104 c al
Silver 37 g 26 961 2212 2356 0.057 9.10 *
104 cal
Directions: Determine the Heat Energy required to completely evaporate the substances in the
data table.
*SHOW ALL MATH STEPS
Math Steps (____ out of 4)
A. Water
Heat = Mass * HeatF usion
Heat = 37 g * 80 cal/g
Heat = 2960 cal
Heat = Mass * Temp Change * SH
Heat = 37 g * 100 C * 1 cal/gC
Heat = 3700 cal
Heat = Mass * HVaporization
Heat = 37 g * 540 cal/g
Heat = 19980 cal
Heat = 2960 cal + 3700 cal + 19980 cal
Heat = 26640 cal
Scientific Notation:
2.66 * 104 c al
B. Silver
Heat = Mass * HeatF usion
Heat = 37 g * 26 cal/g
Heat = 962 cal
Heat = Mass * Temp Change * SH
Heat = 37 g * 1251 C * 0.057 cal/gC
Heat = 2683.4 cal
Heat = Mass * HeatVaporization
Heat = 37 g * 2356 Cal/g
Heat = 87172 cal
Heat = 962 cal + 2683.4 cal + 87182 cal
Heat = 90827.4 cal
Scientific Notation:
9.10 * 104 cal
Graph your Results:
Writing (_____ out of 4)
Questions:
1. How are Heat and Temperature different for the following pictures of boiling w ater?
Explain: (Hint: Use the Heat equation)
The temperature of the 2 bodies of water would be the same, 100°C, because water always
boils at 100°C, no matter the volume. The heat would be different. To find the heat, you multiply
volume times Heat of Vaporization. The volume of the 2 bodies of water is different, so the heat
would be different too.
2. How can you use the unit (cal/gC) to explain the difference between Water and Silver?
3. Would it be possible for there to be solid oxygen on another planet? Explain:
Oxygen Melting Point: -218 C
Oxygen Boiling Point: -183 C
Oxygen could be a solid on another planet. Oxygen solidifies at -218°C. So, a different
planet with a constant temperature of -218°C could have solid oxygen.
Mixture Project
Textbook: Chapter 15 (448-473)
Due:
Vocabulary
Directions: W rite the definition and master the words on Vocab.com.
Include a screenshot on googledrive showing your mastery of the words.
Include a picture that represents each word.
Substance Heterogeneous Solubility Solvent
Mixture
Element Atom Saturated
Homogeneous
Compound Mixture Solute Unsaturated
Mixture Suspension Supersaturated
Solution
Concentration
2. Classification of Matter
*Provide Examples of each form of matter. Include a picture.
Heterogeneous Homogeneous Element Compound
Mixture Mixture
Ice cube+Water Water Iron Water
Salt+Pepper Coffee Gold Methane
Soda Air Oxygen Glucose
Concrete Gunpowder Uranium Carbon Dioxide
Oil+Water Steel Salt Sodium Chloride
Critical Thinking:
● How are the examples for Heterogeneous and Homogeneous
MIxtures different?
One is a mixes together the other doesn’t
● How are Elements and Compounds similar and different?
Elements create compounds
QUIZ: Classifying Matter
I. Directions: I dentify the following as either a Heterogeneous Mixture, Homogeneous Mixture,
Element or Compound. Write the following letters in Column B for your choices:
A. Heterogeneous
B. Homogeneous
C. Element
D. Compound
Column A Column B
Salad A
Copper C
Lemonade B
Rocks, sand, gravel A
Salt Water B
Gold C
Sodium Chloride (NaCl) D
Air (Oxygen, nitrogen, carbon monoxide…) D
K2SO4 D
Twix, snickers, pretzels, popcorn in a bag A
II. Directions: Determine the Mass % of each mixture and construct the appropriate graphs.
Mixture A Mass (g) %
Large Rocks 125 51.9%
Small Rocks 75 31.1%
Coarse Sand 32 13.3%
Iron 9 3.7%
Mixture B Mass (g) %
Large Rocks 205 52.7%
Small Rocks 58 14.9%
Coarse Sand 97 24.9%
Iron 29 7.5%
Calculation Examples (Provide 2 Examples showing how you determined the Mass %)
125 + 75 + 32 + 9 = 241
125 /241 = 51.9%
75 / 241 = 31.1%
32 / 241 = 13.3%
9 / 241 = 3.7%
205 + 58 + 97 + 29 = 389
205 / 389 = 52.7%
58 / 389 = 14.9%
97 / 389 = 24.9%
29 / 389 = 7.5%
Graphs:
Mixture A
Mixture B
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Nathaniel Brancazio (Class of 2022) - Blue Science Portfolio
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