constitution_nepali

-@_ wf/f @)& adfl] hd /fh:j / Joosf] cg'dfg k]z gul/P;Dd
k]ZsL vr{ ljw]os k|:t't ul/g] 5}g / kZ] sLsf] /sd cflys{ jifs{ f] Joo
cgd' fgsf] Ps ltxfO eGbf a9L x'g] 5g} .

-#_ kb| ]z kZ] sL vr{ P]g adf]lhd vr{ ePsf] /sd kb| z]
ljlgofh] g ljwo] sdf ;dfjz] ul/g]5 .
@!!= pwf/f] vr{ M o; efudf cGoq hg' ;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg
kf| sl[ ts sf/0f jf cGo sf/0fn] ubf{ k|bz] df ;+s6sf] cj:yf k/L wf/f
@)& sf] pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd rflxg] ljj/0f vn' fpg cJofjxfl/s jf
k|bz] sf] ;/' Iff jf lxtsf] b[li6n] cjf~5gLo b]lvPdf k|b]zsf] cyd{ GqLn]
Joosf] ljj/0f dfq ePsf] pwf/f] vr{ ljw]os k|bz] ;ef ;dIf k]z ug{
;Sg5] .
@!@= kb| ]z cfsl:ds sf]if M -!_ k|bz] Pg] adf]lhd k|b]z cfsl:ds sf]ifsf]
gfdn] Pp6f sfi] f :yfkgf ug{ ;lsg]5 / To:tf] sf]ifdf ;do ;dodf
kb| ]z Pg] adf]lhd lgwf{/0f ePsf] /sd hDdf ul/g5] .

-@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhdsf] sfi] f kb| ]z ;/sf/sf] lgoGq0fdf
/xg]5 . kb| z] ;/sf/n] To:tf] sfi] faf6 cfsl:ds sfos{ f nflu vr{ ug{
;Sg5] .

-#_ pkwf/f -@_ adfl] hdsf] vrs{ f] /sd kb| z] P]g adfl] hd
oyfzLw| ;fw] egf{ ul/g5] .
@!#= cflys{ sfol{ jlw ;DaGwL Pg] M kb| ]z Pg] adf]lhd ljlgof]lht /sd Ps
zLif{saf6 csf]{ zLif{sdf /sdfGt/ ug]{ / cflys{ sfo{ljlw ;DaGwL cGo
Joj:yf kb| ]z Pg] adf]lhd xg' 5] .

100

efu–!&

:yfgLo sfo{kflnsf

@!$= :yfgLo txsf] sfo{sfl/0fL clwsf/ M -!_ :yfgLo txsf] sfo{sfl/0fL
clwsf/ of] ;l+ jwfg / ;3+ Lo sfgg" sf] cwLgdf /xL ufpF sfo{kflnsf jf
gu/ sfo{kflnsfdf lglxt /xg]5 .

-@_ :yfgLo sfo{sfl/0fL clwsf/ cg;' "rL–* / cg';"rL–(
adfl] hdsf] ;"rLdf pNnv] eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .

-#_ of] ;+ljwfg / cGo sfg"gsf] cwLgdf /xL ufpFkflnsf /
gu/kflnsfsf] zf;g Joj:yfsf] ;fdfGo lgb{z] g, lgoGq0f / ;~rfng
ug]{ cleef/f ufpF sfo{kflnsf / gu/ sfo{kflnsfsf] xg' ]5 .

-$_ ufpFkflnsf / gu/kflnsfsf sfos{ fl/0fL sfo{ ufpF
sfo{kflnsf / gu/ sfo{kflnsfsf] gfddf x'g5] .

-%_ pkwf/f -$_ adf]lhd ufpF sfo{kflnsf / gu/ sfo{kflnsfsf]
gfddf x'g] lg0fo{ jf cfb]z / tT;DaGwL clwsf/kqsf] kd| f0fLs/0f
:yfgLo sfgg" adfl] hd xg' 5] .

@!%= ufpF sfok{ flnsf cWoIf / pkfWoIf ;DaGwL Joj:yf M -!_ kT| o]s
ufpkF flnsfdf Ps hgf ufpF sfo{kflnsf cWoIf /xg]5 . lghsf]
cWoIftfdf ufpF sfok{ flnsf u7g xg' ]5 .

-@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhdsf] ufpF sfo{kflnsfdf Ps hgf
pkfWoIf, kT| o]s j8faf6 lgjf{lrt j8f cWoIf / pkwf/f -$_ adf]lhd
lgjf{lrt ;b:o /xg]5g\ .

-#_ cWoIf / pkfWoIfsf] lgjfr{ g ;DalGwt ufpkF flnsf If]qleqsf
dtbftfn] Ps JolQm Ps dtsf] cfwf/df ufK] o dtbfgåf/f klxnf] xg' ]
lgjf{lrt x'g] lgjfr{ g k|0ffnL adfl] hd ug]{5g\ .

:ki6Ls/0f M o; wf/fsf] ko| f]hgsf nflu æcWoIf / pkfWoIfÆ eGgfn]
ufpF sfo{kflnsfsf] cWoIf / pkfWoIf ;Demg' k5{ .

-$_ wf/f @@@ adf]lhdsf] ufpF ;efsf] lgjfr{ gsf] clGtd
kl/0ffd k|fKt ePsf] ldltn] kGw| lbgleq ufpF ;efsf ;b:ox¿n]
cfkm" dWoa] f6 lgjfl{ rt u/s] f rf/ hgf dlxnf ;b:o / pkwf/f -%_
adfl] hdsf] ofU] otf ePsf blnt jf cNk;V+ os ;d'bfoaf6 ufpF ;efn]
lgjf{lrt u/s] f b'O{ hgf ;b:o ;d]t ufpF sfok{ flnsfsf] ;b:o x'g]5g\ .

101

-%_ bx] fosf] ofU] otf ePsf] JolQm cWoIf, pkfWoIf, j8f cWoIf /
;b:osf] kbdf lgjfl{ rt x'g of]Uo x'g5] M–

-s_ gk] fnL gful/s,

-v_ PSsfO; jif{ pd]/ k/" f ePsf],

-u_ ufpkF flnsfsf] dtbftf gfdfjnLdf gfd ;dfj]z
ePsf,] /

-3_ sg' } sfgg" n] cof]Uo gePsf] .

-^_ cWoIf, pkfWoIf, j8f cWoIf / ;b:osf] kbfjlw lgjf{lrt
ePsf] ldltn] kfrF jif{sf] xg' ]5 .

-&_ cWoIfsf] kbdf b'O{ sfo{sfn lgjfl{ rt ePsf] JolQm
ufpFkflnsfsf] lgjfr{ gdf pDd]bjf/ xg' kfpg] 5g} .

-*_ bx] fosf] s'g} cj:yfdf cWoIf, pkfWoIf, j8f cWoIf /
;b:osf] kb l/Qm xg' ]5 M–

-s_ cWoIfn] pkfWoIf ;dIf / pkfWoIfn] cWoIf;dIf
lnlvt /fhLgfdf lbPdf,

-v_ lghsf] kbfjlw ;dfKt ePdf,

-u_ lghsf] dT[ o' ePdf .

-(_ cWoIf jf pkfWoIfsf] Ps jife{ Gbf a9L kbfjlw afFsL /x]sf]
cj:yfdf pkwf/f -&_ adf]lhd kb l/Qm xg' uPdf afFsL cjlwsf nflu
l/Qm kbsf] kl" t{ pklgjfr{ gåf/f xg' ]5 .

@!^= gu/ sfo{kflnsf kd| v' / pkk|d'v ;DaGwL Joj:yf M -!_ k|Tos]
gu/kflnsfdf Ps hgf gu/ sfo{kflnsf kd| 'v /xg5] . lghsf]
cWoIftfdf gu/ sfo{kflnsf u7g x'g5] .

-@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhdsf] gu/ sfok{ flnsfdf Ps hgf
pkk|d'v, k|To]s j8faf6 lgjf{lrt j8f cWoIf / pkwf/f -$_ adf]lhd
lgjfl{ rt ;b:o /xg]5g\ .

-#_ kd| v' / pkkd| v' sf] lgjf{rg ;DalGwt gu/kflnsf If]qleqsf
dtbftfn] Ps JolQm Ps dtsf] cfwf/df uf]Ko dtbfgåf/f klxnf] x'g]
lgjf{lrt x'g] lgjf{rg k|0ffnL adf]lhd ug]{ 5g\ .

102

:ki6Ls/0f M o; wf/fsf] k|ofh] gsf nflu æk|d'v / pkkd| 'vÆ eGgfn]
gu/ sfok{ flnsfsf] kd| 'v / pkk|dv' ;Demg' k5{ .

-$_ wf/f @@# adf]lhdsf] gu/ ;efsf] lgjf{rgsf] clGtd
kl/0ffd kf| Kt ePsf] ldltn] kGw| lbgleq gu/ ;efsf ;b:ox¿n]
cfk"mdWoa] f6 lgjf{lrt u/s] f kfrF hgf dlxnf ;b:o / pkwf/f -%_
adfl] hdsf] ofU] otf ePsf blnt jf cNk;V+ os ;d'bfoaf6 gu/ ;efn]
lgjfl{ rt u/]sf tLg hgf ;b:o ;d]t gu/ sfo{kflnsfsf] ;b:o xg' ]
5g\ .

-%_ bx] fosf] of]Uotf ePsf] JolQm k|d'v, pkk|dv' , j8f cWoIf /
;b:osf] kbdf lgjf{lrt xg' of]Uo x'g]5 M–

-s_ g]kfnL gful/s,

-v_ PSsfO; jif{ pd]/ k"/f ePsf,]

-u_ gu/kflnsfsf] dtbftf gfdfjnLdf gfd ;dfj]z
ePsf,] /

-3_ s'g} sfg"gn] cof]Uo gePsf] .

-^_ k|d'v, pkk|dv' , j8f cWoIf / ;b:osf] kbfjlw lgjf{lrt
ePsf] ldltn] kfrF jifs{ f] x'g5] .

-&_ kd| v' sf] kbdf b'O{ sfo{sfn lgjfl{ rt ePsf] JolQm
gu/kflnsfsf] lgjfr{ gdf pDd]bjf/ x'g kfpg] 5g} .

-*_ bx] fosf] s'g} cj:yfdf kd| v' , pkkd| 'v, j8f cWoIf /
;b:osf] kb l/Qm x'g]5 M–

-s_ kd| v' n] pkk|dv' ;dIf / pkkd| 'vn] kd| 'v ;dIf
lnlvt /fhLgfdf lbPdf,

-v_ lghsf] kbfjlw ;dfKt ePdf,

-u_ lghsf] d[To' ePdf .

-(_ kd| v' jf pkk|dv' sf] Ps jif{eGbf a9L kbfjlw afFsL /xs] f]
cj:yfdf pkwf/f -*_ adfl] hd kb l/Qm x'g uPdf afFsL cjlwsf nflu
l/Qm kbsf] kl" t{ pklgjf{rgåf/f x'g]5 .

@!&= Goflos ;ldlt M -!_ sfgg" adfl] hd cfˆgf] clwsf/If]q leqsf ljjfb
lg¿k0f ug{ ufpFkflnsf jf gu/kflnsfn] k|To]s ufpkF flnsfdf

103

pkfWoIfsf] ;+of]hsTjdf / k|To]s gu/kflnsfdf pkk|dv' sf]
;+of]hsTjdf tLg ;b:oLo Ps Goflos ;ldlt /xg5] .

-@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhdsf] Goflos ;ldltdf ufpF ;ef jf gu/
;efaf6 cfk"mdWo]af6 lgjfl{ rt u/s] f b'O{ hgf ;b:ox¿ /xg]5g\ .

@!*= ufpF sfo{kflnsf / gu/ sfo{kflnsfsf] sfo{ ;~rfng M ufpF sfok{ flnsf
/ gu/ sfok{ flnsfaf6 :jLs[t lgodfjnL adf]lhd ufpF sfo{kflnsf jf
gu/ sfo{kflnsfsf] sfo{ ljefhg / sfo{ ;Dkfbg xg' 5] .

@!(= :yfgLo txsf] sfo{sfl/0fL ;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf M o; efudf n]lvP
b]lv afxs] :yfgLo txsf] sfo{sfl/0fL ;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf o;
;+ljwfgsf] cwLgdf /xL ;3+ Lo sfg"g adfl] hd xg' ]5 .

@@)= lhNnf ;ef / lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt M -!_ lhNnf leqsf ufpkF flnsf /
gu/kflnsfx¿aLr ;dGjo ug{ Ps lhNnf ;ef /xg]5 .

-@_ lhNnf ;efdf lhNnf leqsf ufpF sfo{kflnsf cWoIf /
pkfWoIf tyf gu/ sfok{ flnsf k|dv' / pkkd| v' ;b:o /xg]5g\ . ufpF
;ef / gu/ ;efsf] lgjfr{ gsf] clGtd kl/0ffd kf| Kt ePsf] ldltn] tL;
lbg leq lhNnf ;efsf] klxnf] a7} s a:g5] .

-#_ lhNnf ;efn] Ps hgf k|d'v, Ps hgf pkkd| 'v, sDtLdf
tLg hgf dlxnf / sDtLdf Ps hgf blnt jf cNk;+Vos ;lxt a9Ldf
gf} hgf ;b:o /xs] f] lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldltsf] lgjf{rg ug{]5 . lhNnf
;dGjo ;ldltn] lhNnf ;efsf] tkma{ f6 ug{' kg{] ;Dk0" f{ sfo{ ;Dkfbg
ug]{5 .

-$_ ;DalGwt lhNnfleqsf] ufpF ;ef jf gu/ ;efsf] ;b:o
lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldltsf] k|dv' , pkk|dv' jf ;b:o kbsf] pDd]bjf/ x'g
of]Uo x'g5] . lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldltsf] k|dv' pkkd| 'v jf ;b:osf] kbdf
lgjf{lrt ePdf To:tf] JolQmsf] ufpF ;ef jf gu/ ;efsf] ;b:o kb
:jtM l/Qm xg' ]5 .

-%_ lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldltsf] kd| v' , pkkd| v' / ;b:osf] kbfjlw
lgjfl{ rt ePsf] ldltn] kfrF jifs{ f] x'g]5 .

-^_ bx] fosf] s'g} cj:yfdf lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldltsf] k|dv' ,
pkkd| v' jf ;b:osf] kb l/Qm x'g]5 M–

-s_ kd| 'vn] pkk|d'v ;dIf / pkk|dv' jf ;b:on] k|dv'
;dIf lnlvt /fhLgfdf lbPdf,

104

-v_ lghsf] kbfjlw ;dfKt ePdf,
-u_ lghsf] dT[ o' ePdf .
-&_ lhNnf ;efsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ b]xfo adfl] hd
xg' 5] M–
-s_ lhNnfleqsf ufpFkflnsf / gu/kflnsf aLr ;dGjo

ug],{
-v_ ljsf; tyf lgdf{0f ;DaGwL sfod{ f ;Gt'ng sfod

ug{ ;f]sf] cgu' dg ug,{]
-u_ lhNnfdf /xg] ;+3Lo / k|b]z ;/sf/L sfofn{ o /

ufpFkflnsf / gu/kflnsf aLr ;dGjo ug{],
-3_ k|b]z sfgg" adf]lhdsf cGo sfo{x¿ ug{] .
-*_ lhNnf ;efsf] ;~rfng, lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldltsf ;b:on]
kfpg] ;'ljwf tyf lhNnf ;ef ;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf k|b]z sfgg"
adfl] hd x'g5] .

105

efu–!*

:yfgLo Joj:yflksf

@@!= :yfgLo txsf] Joj:yflksLo clwsf/ M -!_ o; ;+ljwfgsf] cwLgdf /xL
:yfgLo txsf] Joj:yflksLo clwsf/ ufpF ;ef / gu/ ;efdf lglxt
/xg5] .

-@_ ufpF ;ef / gu/ ;efsf] Joj:yflksLo clwsf/ cg';"rL–*
/ cg';r" L–( adf]lhdsf] ;r" Ldf pNnv] eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .

@@@= ufpF ;efsf] u7g M -!_ kT| o]s ufpkF flnsfdf Ps ufpF ;ef /xg5] .

-@_ pkwf/f -!_ adfl] hdsf] ufpF ;efdf ufpF sfo{kflnsf cWoIf
/ pkfWoIf, j8f cWoIf / kT| o]s j8faf6 lgjf{lrt rf/hgf ;b:o /
wf/f @!% sf] pkwf/f -$_ adfl] hd blnt jf cNk;V+ os ;db' foaf6
lgjfl{ rt ufpF sfok{ flnsfsf ;b:o /xg]5g\ .

-#_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd u7g x'g] ufpF ;efdf k|To]s j8faf6
sDtLdf bO' {hgf dlxnfsf] k|ltlglwTj x'g5] .

-$_ ;+3Lo sfgg" adfl] hd ufpkF flnsfdf /xg] kT| os] j8fdf j8f
cWoIf / rf/hgf ;b:ox¿ /xs] f] j8f ;ldlt u7g xg' ]5 . To:tf] j8f
cWoIf / j8f ;b:osf] lgjfr{ g klxnf] xg' ] lgjfl{ rt xg' ] lgjf{rg k|0ffnL
adf]lhd xg' ]5 .

-%_ c7f/ jif{ pd]/ k/" f ePsf] ufpFkflnsfsf] dtbftf gfdfjnLdf
gfd ;dfj]z ePsf] JolQmnfO{ ;3+ Lo sfgg" df Joj:yf eP adf]lhd
dtbfg ug]{ clwsf/ xg' 5] .

-^_ bx] fosf] ofU] otf ePsf] JolQm ufpF ;efsf] ;b:osf] kbdf
pDdb] jf/ x'g of]Uo xg' ]5 M–

-s_ g]kfnL gful/s,

-v_ PSsfO; jif{ pd]/ k/" f ePsf],

-u_ ufpkF flnsfsf] dtbftf gfdfjnLdf gfd ;dfjz] ePsf], /

-3_ s'g} sfgg" n] cofU] o gePsf] .

-&_ ufpF ;efsf] lgjf{rg / tT;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf ;+3Lo sfgg"
adfl] hd x'g]5 .

106

@@#= gu/ ;efsf] u7g M -!_ k|Tos] gu/kflnsfdf Ps gu/ ;ef /xg]5 .
-@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhdsf] gu/ ;efdf gu/sfo{kflnsfsf kd| v'

/ pkk|d'v, j8f cWoIf / kT| os] j8faf6 lgjf{lrt rf/hgf ;b:o /
wf/f @!^ sf] pkwf/f -$_ adfl] hd blnt jf cNk;+Vos ;db' foaf6
lgjfl{ rt gu/ sfok{ flnsfsf ;b:o /xg5] g\ .

-#_ pkwf/f -!_ adfl] hd u7g xg' ] gu/ ;efdf kT| o]s j8faf6
sDtLdf bO' {hgf dlxnfsf] k|ltlglwTj xg' ]5 .

-$_ ;3+ Lo sfgg" adfl] hd gu/kflnsfdf /xg] kT| o]s j8fdf j8f
cWoIf / rf/hgf ;b:ox¿ /xs] f] j8f ;ldlt u7g xg' 5] . To:tf] j8f
cWoIf / j8f ;b:osf] lgjfr{ g klxnf] x'g] lgjf{lrt x'g] lgjfr{ g k|0ffnL
adfl] hd x'g5] .

-%_ c7f/ jif{ pd/] k/" f ePsf] gu/kflnsfsf] dtbftf
gfdfjnLdf gfd ;dfjz] ePsf] JolQmnfO{ ;3+ Lo sfg"g adfl] hd dtbfg
ug]{ clwsf/ x'g5] .

-^_ bx] fosf] of]Uotf ePsf] JolQm gu/ ;efsf] ;b:osf] kbdf
pDdb] jf/ xg' of]Uo x'g5] M–

-s_ g]kfnL gful/s,
-v_ PSsfO; jif{ pd]/ k/" f ePsf],
-u_ gu/kflnsfsf] dtbftf gfdfjnLdf gfd ;dfjz] ePsf], /
-3_ s'g} sfg"gn] cofU] o gePsf] .
-&_ gu/ ;efsf] lgjfr{ g / tT;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf ;3+ Lo sfgg"
adfl] hd x'g]5 .
@@$= ufpF ;ef / gu/ ;efsf] cWoIf / pkfWoIf M ufpF sfo{kflnsfsf] cWoIf
/ pkfWoIf tyf gu/ sfo{kflnsfsf] kd| 'v / pkk|d'vn] qmdzM ufpF ;ef
/ gu/ ;efsf] kb]g cWoIf / pkfWoIf eO{ sfo{ ;Dkfbg ug5]{ .
@@%= ufpF ;ef / gu/ ;efsf] sfo{sfn M ufpF ;ef / gu/ ;efsf] sfo{sfn
lgjfr{ g ePsf] ldltn] kfFr jif{sf] x'g5] . To:tf] sfos{ fn ;dfKt ePsf]
5 dxLgfleq csf{] ufpF ;ef / gu/ ;efsf] lgjf{rg ;DkGg ug{' kg5{] .

107

@@^= sfg"g agfpg ;Sg] M -!_ ufpF ;ef / gu/ ;efn] cg';"rL–* /
cg';"rL–( adf]lhdsf] ;"rLdf plNnlvt ljifodf cfjZos sfgg"
agfpg ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd sfg"g agfpg] k|lqmof k|b]z sfgg"
adfl] hd xg' 5] .

@@&= ufpF ;ef / gu/ ;ef ;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf M ufpF ;ef / gu/ ;efsf]
;~rfng, a7} ssf] sfol{ jlw, ;ldlt u7g, ;b:osf] kb l/Qm xg' ] cj:yf,
ufpF ;ef / gu/ ;efsf ;b:on] kfpg] ;l' jwf, ufpkF flnsf /
gu/kflnsfsf] sdr{ f/L / sfofn{ o ;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf k|b]z sfg"g
adfl] hd xg' 5] .

108

efu–!(
:yfgLo cfly{s sfo{k|0ffnL
@@*= s/ nufpg jf C0f lng gkfOg] M -!_ sfg"g adfl] hd afx]s :yfgLo
txdf sg' } s/ nufpg, p7fpg / C0f lng kfOg] 5}g .
-@_ :yfgLo txn] cfˆgf] clwsf/ If]qleqsf] ljifodf /fli6o«
cfly{s gLlt, j:t' tyf ;]jfsf] cf];f/ k;f/, khF" L tyf >d ahf/,
l5d]sL k|bz] jf :yfgLo txnfO{ k|ltsn" gxg' ] u/L sfgg" agfO{ s/
nufpg ;Sg]5 .
@@(= :yfgLo ;l~rt sfi] f M -!_ :yfgLo tx cGtu{tsf kT| o]s ufpFkflnsf /
gu/kflnsfdf Ps :yfgLo ;l~rt sfi] f /xg5] . To:tf] sf]ifdf
ufpkF flnsf jf gu/kflnsfnfO{ k|fKt x'g] ;a} ks| f/sf] /fh:j, gk] fn
;/sf/ / k|b]z ;/sf/af6 kf| Kt xg' ] cgb' fg tyf ufpFkflnsf jf
gu/kflnsfn] lnPsf] C0f /sd / cGo ;f| t] af6 kf| Kt x'g] /sd hDdf
x'g]5 .
-@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhdsf] :yfgLo ;l~rt sf]ifaf6 ug{ ;lsg]
vr{ ;DaGwL Joj:yf :yfgLo sfg"g adf]lhd xg' ]5 .
@#)= ufpkF flnsf / gu/kflnsfsf] /fh:j / Joosf] cg'dfg M -!_ o;
;l+ jwfgsf] cwLgdf /xL ufpF sfok{ flnsf / gu/ sfok{ flnsfn] k|To]s
cfly{s jif{sf] /fh:j / Joosf] cgd' fg :yfgLo sfg"g adf]lhd ufpF
;ef jf gu/ ;efdf kz] u/L kfl/t u/fpg' kg{5] .
-@_ pkwf/f -!_ adfl] hd ufpF sfo{kflnsf jf gu/ sfo{kflnsfn]
/fh:j / Joosf] cgd' fg k]z ubf{ 3f6f ah]6 lgdf0{ f ug{' kg]{ ePdf
;+3Lo sfg"g / kb| ]z sfgg" adf]lhd 3f6f k"lt{ ug{] ;|ft] ;d]tsf] k|:tfj
ug{' kg]{5 .

109

efu–@)

;3+ , kb| z] / :yfgLo tx aLr cGt/;DaGw

@#!= ;+3 / kb| z] aLrsf] Joj:yflksLo cGt/;DaGw M -!_ ;+3Lo sfg"g
g]kfne/ jf cfjZostf cg';f/ g]kfnsf] sg' } Ifq] df dfq nfu" x'g] u/L
agfpg ;lsg5] .

-@_ kb| ]z sfgg" kb| z] e/ jf cfjZostf cg;' f/ k|b]zsf] s'g}
If]qdf dfq nfu" x'g] u/L agfpg ;lsg]5 .

-#_ bO' { jf bO' e{ Gbf a9L k|b]zn] cg';"rL–^ df plNnlvt sg' }
ljifodf sfgg" agfpg gk] fn ;/sf/ ;dIf cg'/f]w u/]df ;+3Lo ;+;bn]
cfjZos sfgg" agfpg ;Sg]5 . To:tf] sfg"g ;DalGwt k|bz] sf] xsdf
dfq nfu" xg' ]5 .

@#@= ;3+ , k|bz] / :yfgLo tx aLrsf] ;DaGw M -!_ ;3+ , k|bz] / :yfgLo tx
aLrsf] ;DaGw ;xsfl/tf, ;xcl:tTj / ;dGjosf] l;4fGtdf cfwfl/t
x'g5] .

-@_ g]kfn ;/sf/n] /fli6«o dxTjsf ljifodf / kb| z] x¿ aLr
;dGjo ugk{' g{] ljifodf kb| z] dlGqkl/ifbnfO{ of] ;+ljwfg / ;3+ Lo sfgg"
adf]lhd cfjZos lgb{]zg lbg ;Sg]5 / To:tf] lgb{z] gsf] kfng ug{'
;DalGwt k|bz] dlGqkl/ifbsf] stJ{ o xg' 5] .

-#_ sg' } k|b]zdf g]kfnsf] ;fj{efd} ;Qf, ef}ufl] ns cv08tf,
/fli6«otf jf :jfwLgtfdf uDeL/ c;/ kg]{ lsl;dsf] sfo{ ePdf
/fi6«kltn] To:tf] kb| z] dlGqkl/ifbnfO{ cfjZostf cg';f/ ;r]t u/fpg,
k|bz] dlGqkl/ifb / k|bz] ;efnfO{ a9Ldf 5 dxLgf;Dd lgnDag ug{ jf
lj36g ug{ ;Sg]5 .

-$_ pkwf/f -#_ adfl] hd s'g} k|bz] dlGqkl/ifb / kb| z] ;ef
lgnDag jf lj36g u/]sf]df To:tf] sfo{ k+t} L; lbg leq ;3+ Lo ;;+ bsf]
tTsfn sfod /x]sf] ;Dk0" f{ ;b:o ;V+ ofsf] axd' taf6 cg'df]bg u/fpg'
kg5{] .

-%_ pkwf/f -#_ adf]lhd ul/Psf] lj36g ;DaGwL sfo{ ;+3Lo
;;+ baf6 cgd' f]bg ePdf To:tf] kb| z] df 5 dxLgfleq k|b]z ;efsf]
lgjfr{ g x'g5] .

110

t/ ;3+ Lo ;+;baf6 cg'df]bg gePdf To:tf] lgnDag jf lj36g
;DaGwL sfo{ :jtM lgliqmo xg' 5] .

-^_ pkwf/f -#_ adfl] hd ul/Psf] lgnDag pkwf/f -$_ adf]lhd
cg'dfb] g ePdf To:tf] lgnDagsf] cjlwe/ / pkwf/f -%_ adfl] hd
kb| ]z ;efsf] lgjf{rg geP;Ddsf nflu To:tf] k|b]zdf ;+3Lo zf;g
sfod /xg5] .

-&_ ;3+ Lo zf;g sfod /x]sf] cj:yfdf ;+3Lo ;+;bn] cg;' "rL–^
adf]lhdsf] ;r" Ldf k/]sf] ljifodf sfgg" agfpg ;Sg5] . To:tf] sfg"g
;DalGwt kb| z] ;efn] csf{] sfgg" agfO{ vf/h] gu/;] Dd axfn /xg]5 .

-*_ gk] fn ;/sf/n] cfkm} jf k|bz] ;/sf/ dfkmt{ ufpF
sfo{kflnsf jf gu/ sfok{ flnsfnfO{ of] ;l+ jwfg / ;+3Lo sfg"g
adf]lhd cfjZos ;xof]u ug{ / lgb]z{ g lbg ;Sg]5 . To:tf] lgbz]{ gsf]
kfng ug'{ ufpF sfo{kflnsf jf gu/ sfok{ flnsfsf] st{Jo xg' ]5 .

@##= kb| z] –k|bz] aLrsf] ;DaGw M -!_ Ps k|bz] n] csf{] kb| ]zsf] sfg"gL
Joj:yf jf Goflos Pj+ k|zf;sLo lg0f{o jf cfbz] sf] sfof{Gjogdf
;xof]u ug'{ kg]{5 .

-@_ Ps kb| ]zn] csf]{ kb| ]z;Fu ;femf rf;f], ;/f]sf/ / lxtsf]
ljifodf ;"rgf cfbfg kb| fg ug,{ k/fdz{ ug,{ cfˆgf] sfo{ / ljwfogsf
af/d] f cfk;df ;dGjo ug{ / cfk;L ;xof]u lj:tf/ ug{ ;Sg]5 .

-#_ Ps kb| z] n] csf]{ kb| ]zsf] afl;GbfnfO{ cfˆgf] k|b]zsf] sfgg"
adf]lhd ;dfg ;/' Iff, Jojxf/ / ;'ljwf pknAw u/fpg' kg]{5 .

@#$= cGt/ kb| z] kl/ifb M -!_ ;3+ / k|bz] aLr tyf kb| ]z–k|bz] aLr pTkGg
/fhgLlts ljjfb ;dfwfg ug{ b]xfo adf]lhdsf] Ps cGt/ k|bz] kl/ifb
/xg]5 M–

-s_ k|wfgdGqL – cWoIf

-v_ g]kfn ;/sf/sf u[xdGqL – ;b:o

-u_ gk] fn ;/sf/sf cyd{ GqL – ;b:o

-3_ ;DalGwt k|b]zsf d'VodGqL – ;b:o

-@_ cGt/ kb| z] kl/ifbsf] a}7s cfjZostf cg;' f/ a:g]5 .

111

-#_ cGt/ k|b]z kl/ifbn] cfˆgf] j}7sdf ljjfbsf] ljifo;uF
;DalGwt gk] fn ;/sf/sf] dGqL / ;DalGwt k|b]zsf] dGqL tyf
ljz]if1nfO{ cfdGq0f ug{ ;Sg]5 .

-$_ cGt/ kb| ]z kl/ifbsf] a}7s ;DaGwL sfo{ljlw ;f] kl/ifb
cfkm}n] lgwf{/0f u/] adfl] hd x'g5] .
@#%= ;3+ , k|b]z / :yfgLo tx aLrsf] ;dGjo M -!_ ;+3, kb| z] / :yfgLo tx
aLr ;dGjo sfod ug{ ;3+ Lo ;;+ bn] cfjZos sfg"g agfpg5] .

-@_ kb| z] , ufpFkflnsf jf gu/kflnsf aLr ;dGjo sfod ug{ /
sg' } /fhgLlts ljjfb pTkGg ePdf k|b]z ;efn] ;DalGwt ufpkF flnsf,
gu/kflnsf / lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt;uF ;dGjo u/L To:tf] ljjfbsf]
;dfwfg ug{ ;Sg5] .

-#_ pkwf/f -@_ adfl] hd ljjfb ;dfwfg ug{] k|lqmof / sfo{ljlw
k|b]z sfg"g adf]lhd xg' ]5 .
@#^= cGt/ kb| z] Jofkf/ M o; ;+ljwfgdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f nl] vPsf] eP
tfklg Ps k|b]z jf :yfgLo txaf6 csf{] kb| ]z jf :yfgLo txsf] Ifq] df
xg' ] j:ts' f] 9'jfgL jf ;]jfsf] lj:tf/ jf sg' } kb| z] jf :yfgLo txsf]
If]qdf xg' ] j:t'sf] 9'jfgL jf ;]jfsf] lj:tf/df sg' } lsl;dsf] afwf
cj/f]w ug{ jf sg' } s/, zN' s, b:t'/ jf dx;n" nufpg jf To:tf] ;]jf
jf j:t'sf] 9j' fgL jf lj:tf/df s'g} lsl;dsf] e]befj ug{ kfOg] 5}g .
@#&= ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] ;j+ w} flgs Ohnf;sf] clwsf/ If]qdf c;/ gkg{] M o;
efudf nl] vPsf] s'g} s/' fn] wf/f !#& adf]lhdsf] ;jfR{] r cbfntsf]
;j+ }wflgs Ohnf;sf] clwsf/ If]qdf sg' } c;/ kg{] 5g} .

112

efu–@!

clVtof/ b?' kof]u cg;' Gwfg cfof]u

@#*= clVtof/ b?' kof]u cg;' Gwfg cfof]u M -!_ gk] fndf Ps clVtof/
b'?kofu] cg';Gwfg cfofu] /xg5] h;df k|dv' cfo'Qm / cGo rf/ hgf
cfoQ' mx¿ /xg]5g\ . kd| v' cfo'Qmn] clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg;' Gwfg
cfofu] sf] cWoIf eO{ sfd ug]{5 .

-@_ /fi6«kltn] ;j+ }wflgs kl/ifbsf] l;kmfl/;df k|d'v cfo'Qm /
cfoQ' msf] lgo'lQm ug5{] .

-#_ k|d'v cfo'Qm / cfo'Qmsf] kbfjlw lgo'lQmsf] ldltn] 5 jifs{ f]
x'g5] .

-$_ pkwf/f -#_ df hg' ;s' } s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg b]xfosf] s'g}
cj:yfdf k|dv' cfoQ' m jf cfo'Qmsf] kb l/Qm x'g5] M–

-s_ lghn] /fi6«klt ;dIf lnlvt /fhLgfdf lbPdf,

-v_ lghsf] pd/] k;+} ¶L jif{ k"/f ePdf,

-u_ lghsf] lj?4 wf/f !)! adfl] hd dxfleofu] sf] k|:tfj
kfl/t ePdf,

-3_ zf/Ll/s jf dfgl;s c:j:ytfsf] sf/0f ;j] fdf /xL sfo{
;Dkfbg ug{ c;dy{ /x]sf] egL ;+j}wflgs kl/ifbsf]
l;kmfl/;df /fi6«kltn] kbd'Qm u/]df,

-ª_ lghsf] dT[ o' ePdf .

-%_ pkwf/f -@_ adf]lhd lgo'Qm k|d'v cfo'Qm tyf cfo'Qmsf] kg' M
lgol' Qm x'g ;Sg] 5g} .

t/ cfo'QmnfO{ k|d'v cfo'Qmsf] kbdf lgol' Qm ug{ ;lsg]5 /
To:tf] cfo'Qm k|dv' cfoQ' msf] kbdf lgo'Qm ePdf lghsf] kbfjlw u0fgf
ubf{ cfoQ' m ePsf] cjlwnfO{ ;dt] hf]8L u0fgf ul/g5] .

-^_ bx] fosf] ofU] otf ePsf] JolQm clVtof/ b'?kofu] cg;' Gwfg
cfof]usf] k|d'v cfoQ' m jf cfo'Qmsf] kbdf lgol' Qmsf nflu of]Uo xg' ]5 M–

-s_ dfGotfk|fKt ljZjljBfnoaf6 :gfts pkflw kf| Kt u/s] f],

-v_ lgol' Qm xb'F fsf avt sg' } /fhgLlts bnsf] ;b:o g/xs] f,]

113

-u_ n]vf, /fh:j, OlGhlgol/ª, sfgg" , ljsf; jf cg;' Gwfgsf]
Ifq] df sDtLdf aL; jif{ sfd u/L cge' j / Voflt kf| Kt
u/]sf],

-3_ k+}tfln; jif{ pd]/ k/" f ePsf], /

-ª_ pRr g}lts rl/q ePsf] .

-&_ k|d'v cfoQ' m / cfo'Qmsf] kfl/>lds / ;j] fsf zt{ ;+3Lo
sfgg" adf]lhd x'g]5 . kd| 'v cfo'Qm / cfo'Qm cfˆgf] kbdf axfn
/x;] Dd lghnfO{ dsf{ kg{] u/L kfl/>lds / ;j] fsf zt{ kl/jt{g ul/g]
5}g .

t/ r/d cfly{s lj>[+Vfntfsf sf/0f ;s+ 6sfn 3f]if0ff ePsf]
cj:yfdf of] Joj:yf nfu" x'g] 5}g .

-*_ k|dv' cfoQ' m jf cfo'Qm eO;ss] f] JolQm cGo ;/sf/L ;]jfdf
lgol' Qmsf nflu uf| Xo x'g] 5}g .

t/ s'g} /fhgLlts kbdf jf s'g} ljifosf] cg;' Gwfg, hfFra'em jf
5fgaLg ug]{ jf s'g} ljifosf] cWoog jf cGj]if0f u/L /fo, dGtJo jf
l;kmfl/; kz] ug{] s'g} kbdf lgoQ' m eO{ sfd ug{ o; pkwf/fdf
n]lvPsf] s'g} s/' fn] afwf k¥' ofPsf] dflgg] 5g} .

@#(= clVtof/ b'?kofu] cg';Gwfg cfof]usf] sfd, stJ{ o / clwsf/ M -!_ sg' }
;fj{hlgs kb wf/0f u/s] f] JolQmn] e|i6frf/ u/L clVtof/sf] b'?kofu]
u/s] f] ;DaGwdf clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]un] sfgg" adf]lhd
cg;' Gwfg ug{ jf u/fpg ;Sg]5 .

t/ o; ;+ljwfgdf 5§' } Joj:yf ePsf] kbflwsf/L / cGo sfg"gn]
5'§} ljz]if Joj:yf u/]sf] kbflwsf/Lsf] xsdf of] pkwf/f nfu" x'g] 5g} .

-@_ wf/f !)! adfl] hd dxfleof]u k|:tfj kfl/t eO{ kbd'Qm x'g]
JolQm, Gofo kl/ifbaf6 kbd'Qm xg' ] GofofwLz / ;l} gs Pg] adfl] hd
sf/afxL xg' ] JolQmsf xsdf lgh kbd'Qm eO;sk] l5 ;+3Lo sfgg"
adfl] hd cg;' Gwfg ug{ jf u/fpg ;lsg5] .

-#_ pkwf/f -!_ jf -@_ adf]lhd ePsf] cg;' Gwfgaf6 ;fj{hlgs
kb wf/0f u/s] f] s'g} JolQmn] sfgg" adf]lhd e|i6frf/ dflgg] sg' } sfd
u/s] f] b]lvPdf clVtof/ b?' kof]u cg;' Gwfg cfofu] n] To:tf] JolQm / ;f]
ck/fwdf ;+nUg cGo JolQm pk/ sfgg" adf]lhd clwsf/ k|fKt
cbfntdf d2' f bfo/ ug{ jf u/fpg ;Sg5] .

114

-$_ pkwf/f -!_ jf -@_ adfl] hd ePsf] cg';Gwfgaf6 ;fjh{ lgs
kb wf/0f u/]sf] JolQmsf] sfd sf/afxL cGo clwsf/L jf lgsfosf]
clwsf/If]q cGtu{t kg{] k|s[ltsf] b]lvPdf clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg;' Gwfg
cfof]un] cfjZos sf/afxLsf nflu ;DalGwt clwsf/L jf lgsfo ;dIf
n]vL k7fpg ;Sg]5 .

-%_ clVtof/ b'?kofu] cg';Gwfg cfof]un] cg';Gwfg ug]{ jf d'2f
rnfpg] cfˆgf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ dWo] s'g} sfd, stJ{ o / clwsf/
kd| 'v cfo'Qm, s'g} cfoQ' m jf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] clws[t sd{rf/LnfO{
tfl] sPsf] zts{ f] cwLgdf /xL k|ofu] tyf kfng ug{] u/L k|Tofof]hg ug{
;Sg]5 .

-^_ clVtof/ b'?kofu] cg';Gwfg cfofu] sf] cGo sfd, stJ{ o /
clwsf/ tyf sfol{ jlw ;+3Lo sfgg" adfl] hd xg' ]5 .

115

efu–@@

dxfn]vf k/LIfs

@$)= dxfnv] f k/LIfs M -!_ gk] fndf Ps dxfn]vf k/LIfs x'g5] .

-@_ /fi6«kltn] ;j+ }wflgs kl/ifbsf] l;kmfl/;df dxfnv] f k/LIfssf]
lgol' Qm ug5]{ .

-#_ dxfn]vf k/LIfssf] kbfjlw lgo'lQmsf] ldltn] 5 jif{sf] xg' ]5 .

-$_ pkwf/f -#_ df h'g;s' } s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg b]xfosf] s'g}
cj:yfdf dxfn]vf k/LIfssf] kb l/Qm x'g]5 M–

-s_ lghn] /fi6k« lt ;dIf lnlvt /fhLgfdf lbPdf,

-v_ lghsf] pd/] k}+;¶L jif{ k"/f ePdf,

-u_ lghsf] lj?4 wf/f !)! adfl] hd dxfleofu] sf] k:| tfj
kfl/t ePdf,

-3_ zf/Ll/s jf dfgl;s c:j:ytfsf] sf/0f ;j] fdf /xL sfo{
;Dkfbg ug{ c;dy{ /xs] f] egL ;+jw} flgs kl/ifbsf]
l;kmfl/;df /fi6«kltn] kbd'Qm u/d] f,

-ª_ lghsf] dT[ o' ePdf .

-%_ pkwf/f -@_ adfl] hd lgo'Qm dxfn]vf k/LIfssf] kg' M lgo'lQm
xg' ;Sg] 5g} .

-^_ bx] fosf] of]Uotf ePsf] JolQm dxfn]vf k/LIfssf] kbdf
lgo'lQmsf nflu of]Uo xg' ]5 M–

-s_ dfGotfk|fKt ljZjljBfnoaf6 Joj:yfkg, jfl0fHozf:q jf
n]vfdf :gfts pkflw k|fKt u/L jf rf6{8{ PsfpG6G] ;L
k/LIff pQL0f{ u/L g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ljlzi6 >0] fLsf] kbdf
sfd u/]sf] jf nv] f k/LIf0f ;DaGwL sfddf sDtLdf aL;
jif{ cge' j kf| Kt u/]sf,]

-v_ lgol' Qm xbF' fsf avt sg' } /fhgLlts bnsf] ;b:o g/xs] f,]

-u_ k}tF fln; jif{ pd]/ k"/f ePsf,] /

-3_ pRr g}lts rl/q ePsf] .

116

-&_ dxfnv] f k/LIfssf] kfl/>lds / ;]jfsf zt{ ;3+ Lo sfgg"
adfl] hd xg' ]5 . dxfnv] f k/LIfs cfˆgf] kbdf axfn /x;] Dd lghnfO{
dsf{ kg]{ u/L kfl/>lds / ;]jfsf zt{ kl/jtg{ ul/g] 5g} .

t/ r/d cflys{ lj>+[Vfntfsf sf/0f ;+s6sfn 3f]if0ff ePsf]
cj:yfdf of] Joj:yf nfu" x'g] 5}g .

-*_ dxfnv] f k/LIfs eO;s]sf] JolQm cGo ;/sf/L ;]jfdf
lgol' Qmsf nflu uf| Xo xg' ] 5}g .

t/ s'g} /fhgLlts kbdf jf s'g} ljifosf] cg;' Gwfg, hfFra'em jf
5fgaLg ug{] jf s'g} ljifosf] cWoog jf cGj]if0f u/L /fo, dGtJo jf
l;kmfl/; kz] ug{] s'g} kbdf lgoQ' m eO{ sfd ug{ o; pkwf/fdf
nl] vPsf] sg' } s/' fn] afwf k¥' ofPsf] dflgg] 5g} .

@$!= dxfnv] f k/LIfssf] sfd, stJ{ o / clwsf/ M -!_ /fi6«klt /
pk/fi6k« ltsf] sfofn{ o, ;jf{]Rr cbfnt, ;3+ Lo ;+;b, kb| ]z ;ef, k|bz]
;/sf/, :yfgLo tx, ;j+ w} flgs lgsfo jf ;f]sf] sfof{no, cbfnt,
dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] sfof{no / gk] fnL ;g] f, g]kfn kx| /L jf ;z:q k|x/L
an, g]kfn nufotsf ;a} ;+3Lo / k|b]z ;/sf/L sfof{nosf] n]vf
sfgg" adf]lhd lgoldttf, ldtJolotf, sfo{bIftf, k|efjsfl/tf /
cfl} rTo ;dt] sf] ljrf/ u/L dxfnv] f k/LIfsaf6 n]vfk/LIf0f x'g5] .

-@_ krf; k|ltzteGbf a9L z]o/ jf hfohy] fdf g]kfn ;/sf/ jf
kb| ]z ;/sf/sf] :jfldTj ePsf] ;+ul7t ;:+ yfsf] nv] fk/LIf0fsf nflu
nv] fk/LIfs lgoQ' m ubf{ dxfn]vf k/LIfs;uF k/fdz{ ul/g5] . To:tf]
;+ul7t ;+:yfsf] nv] fk/LIf0f ubf{ ckgfpg' kg]{ l;4fGtsf] ;DaGwdf
dxfn]vf k/LIfsn] cfjZos lgbz{] g lbg ;Sg]5 .

-#_ dxfnv] f k/LIfsnfO{ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhdsf] sfdsf nflu
n]vf ;DaGwL sfuhkq hg' ;'s} avt xg] { kfpg] clwsf/ x'g5] .
dxfnv] f k/LIfs jf To;sf s'g} sdr{ f/Ln] dfu u/]sf] hg' ;'s} sfuhkq
tyf hfgsf/L pknAw u/fpg' ;DalGwt sfof{no k|dv' sf] stJ{ o xg' 5] .

-$_ pkwf/f -!_ adfl] hd n]vfk/LIf0f ul/g] n]vf ;+3Lo sfgg"
adfl] hd dxfn]vf k/LIfsn] tfs] ]sf] 9fFrfdf /flvg5] .

-%_ pkwf/f -!_ df pNnv] ePsf sfof{nox¿sf] n]vfsf cltl/Qm
cGo s'g} sfof{no jf ;:+ yfsf] dxfnv] f k/LIfsaf6 n]vfk/LIf0f ug'{ kg{]
u/L ;3+ Lo sfg"g adfl] hd Joj:yf ug{ ;lsg5] .

117

efu–@#

nfs] ;j] f cfof]u

@$@= nfs] ;j] f cfof]u M -!_ gk] fndf nfs] ;j] f cfof]u /xg]5 h;df cWoIf /
cGo rf/ hgf ;b:o /xg5] g\ .

-@_ /fi6«kltn] ;+j}wflgs kl/ifbsf] l;kmfl/;df nf]s ;j] f
cfof]usf cWoIf / ;b:osf] lgo'lQm ug{5] .

-#_ nf]s ;j] f cfof]usf ;b:ox¿dWo] sDtLdf krf; k|ltzt
;b:o aL; jif{ jf ;f]eGbf a9L cjlw;Dd s'g} ;/sf/L ;]jfdf /xs] f
JolQmx¿ dWo]af6 / afFsL ;b:ox¿ lj1fg, kl| jlw, snf, ;flxTo,
sfgg" , hgk|zf;g, ;dfhzf:q jf /fli6«o hLjgsf cGo Ifq] df zf]w,
cg;' Gwfg, cWofkg jf cGo sg' } dxTjk0" f{ sfo{ u/L Voflt kf| Kt u/]sf
JolQmx¿ dWo]af6 lgo'Qm xg' 5] g\ .

-$_ nfs] ;]jf cfof]usf] cWoIf / ;b:osf] kbfjlw lgo'lQm ePsf]
ldltn] 5 jif{sf] x'g]5 .

-%_ pkwf/f -@_ adfl] hd lgo'Qm cWoIf tyf ;b:osf] k'gM lgol' Qm
xg' ;Sg] 5g} .

t/ ;b:onfO{ cWoIfsf] kbdf lgol' Qm ug{ ;lsg5] / To:tf]
;b:o cWoIfsf] kbdf lgo'lQm ePdf lghsf] kbfjlw u0fgf ubf{ ;b:o
ePsf] cjlwnfO{ ;dt] hf]8L u0fgf ul/g5] .

-^_ pkwf/f -$_ df h'g;'s} s'/f nl] vPsf] eP tfklg b]xfosf] s'g}
cj:yfdf nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf] cWoIf jf ;b:osf] kb l/Qm x'g]5 M–

-s_ lghn] /fi6k« lt ;dIf lnlvt /fhLgfdf lbPdf,

-v_ lghsf] pd]/ k};+ ¶L jif{ k"/f ePdf,

-u_ lghsf] lj?4 wf/f !)! adfl] hd dxfleofu] sf] k:| tfj
kfl/t ePdf,

-3_ zf/Ll/s jf dfgl;s c:j:ytfsf] sf/0f ;]jfdf /xL sfo{
;Dkfbg ug{ c;dy{ /x]sf] egL ;j+ }wflgs kl/ifbsf]
l;kmfl/;df /fi6«kltn] kbd'Qm u/]df,

-ª_ lghsf] dT[ o' ePdf .

118

-&_ bx] fosf] ofU] otf ePsf] JolQm nfs] ;]jf cfof]usf] cWoIf jf
;b:osf] kbdf lgol' Qmsf nflu of]Uo x'g5] M–

-s_ dfGotfkf| Kt ljZjljBfnoaf6 :gftsfQ] / pkflw k|fKt
u/s] f],

-v_ lgo'lQm xb'F fsf avt sg' } /fhgLlts bnsf] ;b:o g/xs] f,]

-u_ k+}tfln; jif{ pd]/ k"/f ePsf], /

-3_ pRr g}lts rl/q ePsf] .

-*_ nfs] ;]jf cfof]usf cWoIf / ;b:osf] kfl/>lds / ;]jfsf
zt{ ;3+ Lo sfg"g adf]lhd x'g]5 . nf]s ;]jf cfofu] sf cWoIf / ;b:o
cfˆgf] kbdf axfn /x];Dd lghx¿nfO{ dsf{ kg{] u/L kfl/>lds /
;j] fsf zt{ kl/jtg{ ul/g] 5}g .

t/ r/d cflys{ lj>[+Vfntfsf sf/0f ;+s6sfn 3f]if0ff ePsf]
cj:yfdf of] Joj:yf nfu" x'g] 5}g .

-(_ nfs] ;]jf cfof]usf] cWoIf / ;b:o eO;ss] f] JolQm cGo
;/sf/L ;j] fdf lgol' Qmsf nflu uf| Xo x'g] 5g} .

t/ s'g} /fhgLlts kbdf jf s'g} ljifosf] cg';Gwfg, hfFrae' m jf
5fgaLg ug{] jf s'g} ljifosf] cWoog jf cGj]if0f u/L /fo, dGtJo jf
l;kmfl/; k]z ug]{ s'g} kbdf lgo'Qm eO{ sfd ug{ o; pkwf/fdf
nl] vPsf] sg' } s/' fn] afwf k¥' ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g .

@$#= nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf] sfd, stJ{ o / clwsf/ M -!_ lghfdtL ;]jfsf] kbdf
lgol' Qmsf nflu pko'Qm pDd]bjf/ 5gf6} ug{ k/LIff ;~rfng ug'{ nf]s
;j] f cfofu] sf] st{Jo xg' 5] .

:ki6Ls/0f M o; wf/fsf] k|ofh] gsf nflu ælghfdtL ;j] fsf] kbÆ eGgfn]
;l} gs jf g]kfn k|x/L jf ;z:q kx| /L an, g]kfnsf] sdr{ f/Lsf] ;j] fsf]
kb tyf lghfdtL ;]jfsf] kb xf]Og egL P]g adf]lhd tfl] sPsf] cGo
;]jfsf] kb afx]s gk] fn ;/sf/sf c? ;a} ;]jfsf] kb ;Demg' k5{ .

-@_ lghfdtL ;j] fsf] kb afx]s g]kfnL ;]gf, g]kfn k|x/L, ;z:q
k|x/L an, g]kfn, cGo ;3+ Lo ;/sf/L ;]jf / ;+ul7t ;+:yfsf] kbdf
kbk"lts{ f nflu lnO{g] lnlvt k/LIff nfs] ;j] f cfofu] n] ;~rfng ug]5{ .

:ki6Ls/0f M o; wf/fsf] k|ofh] gsf nflu æ;u+ l7t ;+:yfÆ eGgfn]
ljZjljBfno / lzIfs ;j] f cfofu] afx]ssf krf; kl| tzt jf ;f] eGbf

119

a9L z]o/ jf hfoh]yfdf gk] fn ;/sf/sf] :jfldTj jf lgoGq0f ePsf]
;+:yfg, sDkgL, a}+s, ;ldlt jf ;3+ Lo sfgg" adf]lhd :yflkt jf g]kfn
;/sf/åf/f ul7t cfof]u, ;:+ yfg, kf| lws/0f, lgud, kl| ti7fg, af]8,{ s]Gb,|
kl/ifb / o:t} k|sl[ tsf cGo ;+ul7t ;:+ yf ;Demg' k5{ .

-#_ gk] fnL ;]gf, gk] fn kx| /L, ;z:q kx| /L an, gk] fn / cGo
;3+ Lo ;/sf/L ;j] fsf kbdf a9j' f ubf{ ckgfpg' kg{] ;fdfGo l;4fGtsf]
ljifodf nf]s ;]jf cfofu] sf] k/fdz{ lng' kg5]{ .

-$_ sg' } ;u+ l7t ;+:yfsf] ;]jfsf sd{rf/Lsf] ;j] fsf zt{ ;DaGwL
sfgg" / To:tf] ;]jfsf kbdf a9j' f / ljefuLo sf/afxL ubf{ ckgfpg'
kg]{ ;fdfGo l;4fGtsf] ljifodf nfs] ;]jf cfof]usf] k/fdz{ lng' kg{]5 .

-%_ g]kfn ;/sf/af6 lgjl[ Qe/0f kfpg] kbdf nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf]
k/fdz{ ljgf :yfoL lgo'lQm ul/g] 5}g .

-^_ b]xfosf ljifodf nfs] ;]jf cfofu] sf] k/fdz{ lng' kg]{5 M–

-s_ ;+3Lo lghfdtL ;j] fsf] zt{ ;DaGwL sfg"gsf] ljifodf,

-v_ ;+3Lo lghfdtL ;]jf jf kbdf lgo'lQm, a9'jf / ljefuLo
sf/afxL ubf{ ckgfpg' kg]{ l;4fGtsf] ljifodf,

-u_ ;3+ Lo lghfdtL ;j] fsf] kbdf 5 dxLgfeGbf a9L ;dosf
nflu lgol' Qm ubf{ pDdb] jf/sf] pko'Qmtfsf] ljifodf,

-3_ sg' } Ps k|sf/sf] ;+3Lo lghfdtL ;j] fsf] kbaf6 csf]{
ks| f/sf] ;3+ Lo lghfdtL ;]jfsf] kbdf jf cGo ;/sf/L
;]jfaf6 ;+3Lo lghfdtL ;j] fdf ;?jf jf a9'jf ubf{ jf
s'g} k|bz] sf] lghfdtL ;]jfsf] kbaf6 ;+3Lo lghfdtL
;]jfsf] kbdf jf ;3+ Lo lghfdtL ;j] fsf] kbaf6 k|b]z
lghfdtL ;]jfsf] kbdf ;]jf kl/jtg{ jf :yfgfGt/0f ubf{
pDdb] jf/sf] pkoQ' mtfsf] ljifodf,

-ª_ nfs] ;]jf cfof]usf] k/fdz{ lng' gkg{] cj:yfsf] kbdf
axfn /xs] f] sd{rf/LnfO{ nfs] ;]jf cfofu] sf] k/fdz{ lng'
kg]{ cj:yfsf] kbdf :yfoL ;?jf jf a9'jf ug{] ljifodf, /

-r_ ;+3Lo lghfdtL ;j] fsf] sd{rf/LnfO{ lbOg] ljefuLo
;hfosf] ljifodf .

120

-&_ pkwf/f -^_ df hg' ;'s} s'/f nl] vPsf] eP tfklg wf/f !%$
adf]lhdsf] Gofo ;j] f cfofu] sf] clwsf/ If]qleq kg]{ ljifodf ;fx] L
adf]lhd xg' 5] .

-*_ nfs] ;j] f cfof]un] cfˆgf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ dWo] s'g}
sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ cfofu] sf] cWoIf jf sg' } ;b:o jf gk] fn
;/sf/sf] sd{rf/LnfO{ tfl] sPsf] zts{ f] cwLgdf /xL k|of]u tyf kfng
ug]{ u/L k|Tofof]hg ug{ ;Sg]5 .

-(_ nf]s ;j] f cfofu] sf] cGo sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ ;3+ Lo
sfg"g adfl] hd x'g]5 .
@$$= k|bz] nf]s ;]jf cfofu] ;DaGwL Joj:yf M -!_ k|To]s k|b]zdf kb| ]z nfs]
;j] f cfof]u /xg]5 .

-@_ k|b]z nfs] ;j] f cfof]usf] u7g, sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ k|bz]
sfg"g adf]lhd xg' 5] .

-#_ pkwf/f -@_ sf] k|ofh] gsf nflu ;+3Lo ;;+ bn] sfg"g agfO{
cfwf/ / dfkb08 lgwf{/0f ug{]5 .

121

efu–@$

lgjf{rg cfof]u

@$%= lgjfr{ g cfofu] M -!_ g]kfndf Ps lgjfr{ g cfof]u /xg5] h;df k|dv'
cfo'Qm / cGo rf/ hgf cfo'Qm /xg5] g\ . k|d'v lgjf{rg cfo'Qmn]
lgjfr{ g cfof]usf] cWoIf eO{ sfd ug]{5 .

-@_ /fi6«kltn] ;+j}wflgs kl/ifbsf] l;kmfl/;df k|dv' lgjf{rg
cfoQ' m / cfo'Qmsf] lgo'lQm ug{]5 .

-#_ kd| 'v lgjfr{ g cfo'Qm / lgjfr{ g cfoQ' msf] kbfjlw lgol' Qm
ePsf] ldltn] 5 jif{sf] xg' ]5 .

-$_ pkwf/f -#_ df hg' ;s' } s/' f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg b]xfosf] sg' }
cj:yfdf k|d'v lgjf{rg cfo'Qm / lgjf{rg cfo'Qmsf] kb l/Qm x'g5] M–

-s_ lghn] /fi6k« lt ;dIf lnlvt /fhLgfdf lbPdf,
-v_ lghsf] pd/] k;+} ¶L jif{ k/" f ePdf,
-u_ lghsf] lj?4 wf/f !)! adf]lhd dxfleof]usf] k:| tfj

kfl/t ePdf,
-3_ zf/Ll/s jf dfgl;s c:j:ytfsf] sf/0f ;j] fdf /xL sfo{

;Dkfbg ug{ c;dy{ /xs] f] egL ;+j}wflgs kl/ifbsf]
l;kmfl/;df /fi6k« ltn] kbd'Qm u/]df,
-ª_ lghsf] dT[ o' ePdf .

-%_ pkwf/f -@_ adfl] hd lgo'Qm k|dv' lgjfr{ g cfo'Qm tyf
cfo'Qmsf] k'gM lgol'Qm x'g ;Sg] 5g} .

t/ cfo'QmnfO{ k|dv' lgjf{rg cfo'Qmsf] kbdf lgo'lQm ug{
;lsg5] / To:tf] cfo'Qm kd| 'v lgjfr{ g cfoQ' msf] kbdf lgo'lQm ePdf
lghsf] kbfjlw u0fgf ubf{ cfo'Qm ePsf] cjlwnfO{ ;d]t hf8] L u0fgf
ul/g]5 .

-^_ bx] fosf] of]Uotf ePsf] JolQm k|d'v lgjf{rg cfo'Qm jf
lgjfr{ g cfo'Qm kbdf lgol' Qmsf nflu ofU] o x'g]5 M–

-s_ dfGotfkf| Kt ljZjljBfnoaf6 :gfts pkflw k|fKt u/]sf],

-v_ lgol' Qm xbF' fsf avt s'g} /fhgLlts bnsf] ;b:o g/xs] f],

-u_ k}+tfln; jif{ pd]/ k/" f ePsf,] /

122

-3_ pRr g}lts rl/q ePsf] .

-&_ kd| 'v lgjfr{ g cfo'Qm / cfoQ' msf] kfl/>lds / ;j] fsf zt{
;+3Lo sfgg" adfl] hd xg' 5] g\ . kd| 'v lgjf{rg cfo'Qm / cfoQ' m cfˆgf]
kbdf axfn /x];Dd lghx¿nfO{ dsf{ kg{] u/L kfl/>lds / ;]jfsf zt{
kl/jt{g ul/g] 5}g .

t/ r/d cfly{s lj>+[Vfntfsf sf/0f ;+s6sfn 3f]if0ff ePsf]
cj:yfdf of] Joj:yf nfu" xg' ] 5g} .

-*_ lgjfr{ g cfof]usf] k|d'v lgjfr{ g cfo'Qm / cfo'Qm eO;ss] f]
JolQm cGo ;/sf/L ;j] fdf lgo'lQmsf nflu u|fXo xg' ] 5g} .

t/ sg' } /fhgLlts kbdf jf s'g} ljifosf] cg';Gwfg, hfFrae' m jf
5fgaLg ug]{ jf s'g} ljifosf] cWoog jf cGj]if0f u/L /fo, dGtJo jf
l;kmfl/; kz] ug{] sg' } kbdf lgo'Qm eO{ sfd ug{ o; pkwf/fdf
n]lvPsf] s'g} s'/fn] afwf k¥' ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g .

@$^= lgjf{rg cfof]usf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ M -!_ lgjf{rg cfofu] n] o;
;l+ jwfg / ;3+ Lo sfg"gsf] cwLgdf /xL /fi6«klt, pk/fi6«klt, ;3+ Lo
;;+ bsf ;b:o, k|bz] ;efsf ;b:o, :yfgLo txsf ;b:osf] lgjf{rgsf]
;+rfng, /]vbv] , lgbz{] g / lgoGq0f ug5]{ . lgjfr{ gsf] k|of]hgsf nflu
dtbftfsf] gfdfjnL tof/ ug{] sfo{ lgjfr{ g cfof]un] ug{]5 .

-@_ lgjf{rg cfofu] n] o; ;+ljwfg / ;3+ Lo sfg"g adf]lhd
/fli6«o dxTjsf] ljifodf hgdt ;+u|x u/fpg]5 .

-#_ /fi6«klt, pk/fi6«klt, ;+3Lo ;+;bsf ;b:o, k|b]z ;ef ;b:o
jf :yfgLo txsf ;b:osf nflu pDdb] jf/Lsf] dgfg] og btf{ eO;s]sf]
t/ lgjfr{ g kl/0ffd 3fi] f0ff eO{ g;s]sf] cj:yfdf sg' } pDd]bjf/sf]
ofU] otf ;DaGwdf sg' } kZ| g p7d] f To;sf] lg0fo{ lgjf{rg cfof]un]
ug{]5 .

-$_ lgjf{rg cfof]un] cfˆgf] sfd, stJ{ o / clwsf/ dWo] sg' }
sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ k|d'v lgjfr{ g cfo'Qm, s'g} lgjf{rg cfo'Qm jf
;/sf/L sdr{ f/LnfO{ tf]lsPsf] zts{ f] cwLgdf /xL ko| f]u tyf kfng ug{]
u/L kT| ofofh] g ug{ ;Sg5] .

-%_ lgjf{rg cfofu] sf] cGo sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ tyf sfo{ljlw
;3+ Lo sfgg" adfl] hd x'g5] .

123

@$&= cfjZos ;xof]u ug'{ kg{] M o; ;+ljwfg adfl] hd lgjfr{ g cfof]unfO{
cfˆgf] sfd k"/f ug{ cfjZos kg]{ sd{rf/L / cGo ;xofu] gk] fn
;/sf/, k|b]z ;/sf/ / :yfgLo ;/sf/n] pknAw u/fpg]5 .

124

efu–@%

/fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u

@$*= /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u M -!_ gk] fndf Ps /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/
cfofu] /xg]5 h;df cWoIf / cGo rf/ hgf ;b:o /xg]5g\ .

-@_ /fi6«kltn] ;j+ }wflgs kl/ifbsf] l;kmfl/;df /fli6«o dfgj
clwsf/ cfofu] sf cWoIf / ;b:osf] lgo'lQm ug5]{ .

-#_ /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]usf] cWoIf / ;b:osf] kbfjlw
lgo'lQm ePsf] ldltn] 5 jif{sf] x'g5] .

-$_ pkwf/f -@_ adf]lhd lgoQ' m cWoIf tyf ;b:osf] kg' M
lgo'lQm x'g ;Sg] 5}g .

t/ ;b:onfO{ cWoIfsf] kbdf lgo'lQm ug{ ;lsg]5 / To:tf]
;b:o cWoIfsf] kbdf lgo'lQm ePdf lghsf] kbfjlw u0fgf ubf{ ;b:o
ePsf] cjlwnfO{ ;d]t hf8] L u0fgf ul/g5] .

-%_ pkwf/f -#_ df hg' ;s' } s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg b]xfosf] sg' }
cj:yfdf /fli6o« dfgj clwsf/ cfof]usf cWoIf jf ;b:osf] kb l/Qm
x'g]5 M–

-s_ lghn] /fi6«klt ;dIf lnlvt /fhLgfdf lbPdf,

-v_ lghsf] lj?4 wf/f !)! adf]lhd dxfleof]usf] k:| tfj
kfl/t ePdf,

-u_ zf/Ll/s jf dfgl;s c:j:ytfsf] sf/0f ;j] fdf /xL sfo{
;Dkfbg ug{ c;dy{ /x]sf] egL ;j+ w} flgs kl/ifbsf]
l;kmfl/;df /fi6k« ltn] kbd'Qm u/]df,

-3_ lghsf] d[To' ePdf .

-^_ b]xfosf] ofU] otf ePsf] JolQm /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]usf]
cWoIf jf ;b:o kbdf lgo'lQmsf nflu of]Uo x'g5] M–

-s_ cWoIfsf] xsdf dfgj clwsf/sf] ;/+ If0f / ;j+ wg{ sf]
Ifq] df ljlzi6 ofu] bfg k'¥ofPsf k|wfg GofofwLz jf
;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] GofofwLzsf] kbaf6 ;j] flgjQ[ JolQm jf
dfgj clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f / ;j+ w{g jf /fli6«o hLjgsf

125

ljleGg If]qdf sDtLdf aL; jif{ lqmofzLn /xL ljlzi6
of]ubfg k¥' ofO{ Vofltk|fKt u/s] f,]

-v_ ;b:osf] xsdf dfgj clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f / ;+jw{g,
afnaflnsfsf] xslxtsf] If]qdf sfo/{ t jf /fli6«o hLjgsf
ljleGg If]qdf sDtLdf aL; jif{ lqmofzLn /xL ljlzi6
of]ubfg k'¥ofO{ Vofltk|fKt u/]sf],

-u_ dfGotfkf| Kt ljZjljBfnoaf6 :gfts pkflw xfl;n u/s] f],

-3_ k}+tfln; jif{ pd]/ k"/f u/s] f,]

-ª_ lgol' Qm x'bF fsf avt /fhgLlts bnsf] ;b:o g/xs] f],

-r_ pRr gl} ts rl/q ePsf] .

-&_ /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]usf cWoIf / ;b:osf] kfl/>lds
/ ;]jfsf zt{ ;3+ Lo sfg"g adf]lhd xg' 5] . /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/
cfofu] sf cWoIf / ;b:o cfˆgf] kbdf axfn /x;] Dd lghx¿nfO{ dsf{
kg{] u/L kfl/>lds / ;]jfsf zt{ kl/jt{g ul/g] 5g} .

t/ r/d cflys{ lj>+[Vfntfsf sf/0f ;+s6sfn 3f]if0ff ePsf]
cj:yfdf of] Joj:yf nfu" xg' ] 5}g .

-*_ /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfofu] sf] cWoIf jf ;b:o eO;s]sf]
JolQm cGo ;/sf/L ;]jfdf lgo'lQmsf nflu uf| Xo xg' ] 5g} .

t/ sg' } /fhgLlts kbdf jf s'g} ljifosf] cg;' Gwfg, hfrF ae' m jf
5fgaLg ug{] jf sg' } ljifosf] cWoog jf cGj]if0f u/L /fo, dGtJo jf
l;kmfl/; k]z ug{] s'g} kbdf lgo'Qm eO{ sfd ug{ o; pkwf/fdf
nl] vPsf] s'g} s'/fn] afwf k'¥ofPsf] dflgg] 5g} .

@$(= /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]usf] sfd, stJ{ o / clwsf/ M -!_ dfgj
clwsf/sf] ;Ddfg, ;/+ If0f / ;j+ wg{ tyf To;sf] k|efjsf/L
sfof{GjognfO{ ;'lglZrt ug{' /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]usf] stJ{ o
xg' 5] .

-@_ pkwf/f -!_ df plNnlvt st{Jo k"/f ug{ nflu /fli6«o dfgj
clwsf/ cfofu] n] bx] fo adf]lhdsf sfd ug{]5 M–

-s_ sg' } JolQm jf ;dx" sf] dfgj clwsf/ pNn+3g jf To;sf]
b?' T;fxg ePsfd] f kLl8t cfkm}+ jf lghsf] tkm{ af6 s;n} ]
cfofu] ;dIf k|:tt' jf k]|lift u/s] f] lgj]bg jf ph"/L jf

126

sg' } ;f| ]taf6 cfof]unfO{ k|fKt ePsf] jf cfofu] sf]
hfgsf/Ldf cfPsf] ljifodf 5fglag tyf cg';Gwfg u/L
bf]ifL pk/ sf/afxL ug{ l;kmfl/; ug,{]

-v_ dfgj clwsf/sf] pNn+3g x'gaf6 /f]Sg] lhDdj] f/L jf
st{Jo ePsf] kbflwsf/Ln] cfˆgf] lhDdj] f/L k"/f gu/d] f jf
stJ{ o kfng gu/]df jf lhDd]jf/L k"/f ug{ jf stJ{ o
kfng ug{ pbf;Lgtf b]vfPdf To:tf] kbflwsf/L pk/
ljefuLo sf/afxL ug{ ;DalGwt clwsf/L ;dIf l;kmfl/;
ug,]{

-u_ dfgj clwsf/ pNn3+ g ug]{ JolQm jf ;+:yfsf lj?4 d'2f
rnfpg' kg{] cfjZostf ePdf sfg"g adfl] hd cbfntdf
d2' f bfo/ ug{ l;kmfl/; ug,]{

-3_ dfgj clwsf/sf] r]tgf clejl[ 4 ug{ gful/s ;dfh;uF
;dGjo / ;xsfo{ ug{],

-ª_ dfgj clwsf/sf] pNn+3gstf{nfO{ ljefuLo sf/afxL tyf
;hfo ug{ sf/0f / cfwf/ v'nfO{ ;DalGwt lgsfo ;dIf
l;kmfl/; ug{],

-r_ dfgj clwsf/;uF ;DalGwt sfg"gsf] cfjlws ¿kdf
k'g/fjnf]sg ug{] tyf To;df ug'{ kg{] ;'wf/ tyf
;z+ fw] gsf ;DaGwdf gk] fn ;/sf/ ;dIf l;kmfl/; ug{],

-5_ dfgj clwsf/;uF ;DalGwt cGt/f{li6«o ;lGw jf
;Demf}tfsf] gk] fn kIf aGg' kg{] ePdf To;sf] sf/0f;lxt
gk] fn ;/sf/nfO{ l;kmfl/; ug]{ / gk] fn kIf alg;s]sf
;lGw jf ;Demft} fsf] sfof{Gjog eP jf gePsf] cgu' dg
u/L sfofG{ jog gePsf] kfOPdf To;sf] sfof{Gjog ug{
g]kfn ;/sf/ ;dIf l;kmfl/; ug]{,

-h_ dfgj clwsf/sf] pNn3+ gsf ;DaGwdf /fli6«o dfgj
clwsf/ cfofu] n] u/]sf] l;kmfl/; jf lgb{]zg kfng jf
sfof{Gjog gug]{ kbflwsf/L, JolQm jf lgsfosf] gfd
sfg"g adf]lhd ;fjh{ lgs u/L dfgj clwsf/
pNn+3gstf{sf] ¿kdf clen]v /fVg] .

-#_ dfgj clwsf/ cfof]un] cfˆgf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg ubf{ jf stJ{ o
kfng ubf{ b]xfo adfl] hdsf] clwsf/ k|of]u ug{ ;Sg]5 M–

127

-s_ sg' } JolQmnfO{ cfof]u ;dIf pkl:yt u/fO{ hfgsf/L jf
aofg lng] jf askq u/fpg], kd| f0f a'‰g], bzL k|df0f
bflvnf ug{ nufpg] ;DaGwdf cbfntnfO{ eP ;/xsf]
clwsf/ k|of]u ug{,]

-v_ dfgj clwsf/sf] uDeL/ pNn+3g xg' nfu]sf] jf eO;ss] f]
;r" gf cfof]un] s'g} lsl;daf6 k|fKt u/]df sg' } JolQm jf
lghsf] cfjf; jf sfof{nodf ljgf ;"rgf kj| z] ug,{]
vfgtnf;L lng] tyf To;/L vfgtnf;L ln+bf dfgj
clwsf/sf] pNn+3g;Fu ;DalGwt lnvt, kd| f0f jf ;at'
sAhfdf lng,]

-u_ s'g} JolQmsf] dfgj clwsf/ pNn+3g eO/xs] f] s'/f
hfgsf/L eO{ tTsfn sf/afxL ug{' kg]{ cfjZos b]lvPdf
ljgf ;r" gf ;/sf/L sfof{no jf cGo 7fpFdf k|j]z ug]{ /
p4f/ ug{,]

-3_ dfgj clwsf/sf] pNn3+ gaf6 kLl8tnfO{ sfg"g adf]lhd
Ifltk"lt{ lbg cfb]z lbg] .

-$_ /fli6o« dfgj clwsf/ cfofu] n] cfˆgf] sfd, stJ{ o /
clwsf/ dWo] sg' } sfd, stJ{ o / clwsf/ ;f] cfofu] sf] cWoIf, sg' }
;b:o jf gk] fn ;/sf/sf] sd{rf/LnfO{ tfl] sPsf] zt{sf] cwLgdf /xL
ko| f]u tyf kfng ug{] u/L kT| ofof]hg ug{ ;Sg5] .

-%_ /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]usf] cGo sfd, stJ{ o / clwsf/
tyf sfol{ jlw ;3+ Lo sfgg" adfl] hd x'g5] .

128

efu–@^

/fli6«o k|fsl[ ts ;f| t] tyf ljQ cfof]u

@%)= /fli6«o k|fs[lts ;|f]t tyf ljQ cfofu] M -!_ g]kfndf Ps /fli6«o
k|fs[lts ;|f]t tyf ljQ cfof]u /xg5] h;df cWoIf ;lxt a9Ldf kfrF
hgf ;b:o /xg5] g\ .

-@_ /fi6«kltn] ;+j}wflgs kl/ifbsf] l;kmfl/;df /fli6o« kf| s[lts
;f| ]t tyf ljQ cfof]usf] cWoIf / ;b:osf] lgol' Qm ug5]{ .

-#_ /fli6«o k|fs[lts ;|f]t tyf ljQ cfof]usf] cWoIf / ;b:osf]
kbfjlw lgo'lQm ePsf] ldltn] 5 jif{sf] xg' 5] .

-$_ pkwf/f -#_ df h'g;s' } s/' f nl] vPsf] eP tfklg b]xfosf] s'g}
cj:yfdf /fli6«o k|fs[lts ;f| ]t tyf ljQ cfof]usf cWoIf jf ;b:osf]
kb l/Qm xg' 5] M–

-s_ lghn] /fi6k« lt ;dIf lnlvt /fhLgfdf lbPdf,

-v_ lghsf] pd/] k;+} ¶L jif{ k/" f ePdf,

-u_ lghsf] lj?4 wf/f !)! adf]lhd dxfleof]usf] k|:tfj
kfl/t ePdf,

-3_ zf/Ll/s jf dfgl;s c:j:ytfsf] sf/0f ;j] fdf /xL sfo{
;Dkfbg ug{ c;dy{ /x]sf] egL ;+j}wflgs kl/ifbsf]
l;kmfl/;df /fi6k« ltn] kbd'Qm u/d] f,

-ª_ lghsf] dT[ o' ePdf .

-%_ pkwf/f -@_ adf]lhd lgo'Qm cWoIf tyf ;b:osf] kg' M lgol' Qm
x'g ;Sg] 5}g .

t/ ;b:onfO{ cWoIfsf] kbdf lgol' Qm ug{ ;lsg]5 / To:tf]
;b:o cWoIfsf] kbdf lgol' Qm ePdf lghsf] kbfjlw u0fgf ubf{ ;b:o
ePsf] cjlwnfO{ ;d]t hf]8L u0fgf ul/g]5 .

-^_ bx] fosf] of]Uotf ePsf] JolQm /fli6«o k|fsl[ ts ;|f]t tyf ljQ
cfofu] sf] cWoIf jf ;b:osf] kbdf lgo'lQmsf nflu of]Uo xg' ]5 M–

-s_ dfGotfkf| Kt ljZjljBfnoaf6 ;DalGwt ljifodf :gfts
pkflw xfl;n u/L k|fs[lts ;|ft] jf ljQ Joj:yfkg,

129

cyz{ f:q, sfgg" , Joj:yfkgsf] If]qdf sDtLdf aL; jif{
lqmofzLn /xL ljzi] f1tf xfl;n u/s] f,]

-v_ lgol' Qm xFb' fsf avt s'g} /fhgLlts bnsf] ;b:o g/x]sf],

-u_ k}t+ fln; jif{ pd]/ k/" f ePsf,] /

-3_ pRr g}lts rl/q ePsf] .

-&_ /fli6«o k|fs[lts ;f| ]t tyf ljQ cfofu] sf cWoIf / ;b:osf]
kfl/>lds / ;j] fsf zt{ ;+3Lo sfg"g adfl] hd xg' 5] / lghx¿ axfn
/x];Dd lghnfO{ dsf{ kg{] u/L kfl/>lds / ;]jfsf zt{ kl/jtg{ ul/g]
5g} .

t/ r/d cflys{ lj>[+Vfntfsf sf/0f ;s+ 6sfn 3f]if0ff ePsf]
cj:yfdf of] Joj:yf nfu" x'g] 5}g .

-*_ /fli6«o kf| sl[ ts ;f| t] tyf ljQ cfofu] sf] cWoIf jf ;b:o
eO;s]sf] JolQm cGo ;/sf/L ;j] fdf lgol' Qmsf nflu u|fXo x'g] 5}g .

t/ sg' } /fhgLlts kbdf jf s'g} ljifosf] cg';Gwfg, hfrF a'em jf
5fgaLg ug]{ jf sg' } ljifosf] cWoog jf cGj]if0f u/L /fo, dGtJo jf
l;kmfl/; kz] ug{] sg' } kbdf lgo'Qm eO{ sfd ug{ o; pkwf/fdf
n]lvPsf] sg' } s/' fn] afwf k'¥ofPsf] dflgg] 5g} .

@%!= /fli6«o k|fsl[ ts ;|ft] tyf ljQ cfofu] sf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ M -!_
/fli6«o k|fs[lts ;|f]t tyf ljQ cfofu] sf] sfd, stJ{ o / clwsf/ b]xfo
adfl] hd xg' 5] M–

-s_ ;l+ jwfg / sfg"g adfl] hd ;+3Lo ;l~rt sfi] faf6 ;3+ ,
k|bz] / :yfgLo ;/sf/aLr /fh:jsf] afF8kmfF8 ug]{ lj:tt[
cfwf/ / 9fFrf lgwf{/0f ug,]{

-v_ ;+3Lo ;l~rt sf]ifaf6 k|bz] / :yfgLo ;/sf/nfO{ k|bfg
ul/g] ;dfgLs/0f cg'bfg ;DaGwdf l;kmfl/; ug]{,

-u_ /fli6«o gLlt tyf sfo{qmd, dfgs, kj" f{wf/sf] cj:yf
cg';f/ kb| ]z / :yfgLo ;/sf/nfO{ kb| fg ul/g] ;zt{
cgb' fgsf] ;DaGwdf cWoog cg';Gwfg u/L cfwf/ tof/
ug],{

-3_ kb| ]z ;l~rt sf]ifaf6 k|b]z / :yfgLo ;/sf/aLr
/fh:jsf] afF8kmf8F ug{] lj:tt[ cfwf/ / 9fFrf lgwf/{ 0f ug,]{

130

-ª_ ;+3, k|b]z / :yfgLo ;/sf/sf] vr{ lhDd]jf/L k"/f ug]{ /
/fh:j c;n' Ldf ;w' f/ ug{' kg{] pkfox¿sf] l;kmfl/; ug]{,

-r_ ;dli6ut cflys{ ;"rsx¿sf] ljZni] f0f u/L ;3+ , k|bz] /
:yfgLo ;/sf/n] lng ;Sg] cfGtl/s C0fsf] ;Ldf
l;kmfl/; ug,]{

-5_ ;+3 / k|b]z ;/sf/sf] /fh:j af8F kmfF8 cfwf/sf]
k'g/fjnf]sg u/L kl/dfhg{ sf] l;kmfl/; ug,]{

-h_ kf| sl[ ts ;|f]tsf] kl/rfng ubf{ g]kfn ;/sf/, kb| ]z ;/sf/
/ :yfgLo txsf] nufgL tyf k|ltkmnsf] lx:;f lgwf{/0fsf]
cfwf/ to u/L l;kmfl/; ug{,]

-em_ k|fsl[ ts ;|f]tsf] afF8kmf8F ;DaGwL ljifodf ;+3 / k|bz] ,
k|b]z / kb| ]z, k|b]z / :yfgLo tx tyf :yfgLo txx¿
aLr p7\g ;Sg] ;+efljt ljjfbsf] ljifodf cWoog
cg;' Gwfg u/L To;sf] lgjf/0f ug{ ;dGjofTds ¿kdf
sfd ug{ ;e' mfj lbg] .

-@_ /fli6«o k|fsl[ ts ;f| ]t tyf ljQ cfofu] n] k|fsl[ ts ;|f]tsf]
af8F kmf8F ubf{ ;f;] Fu ;DalGwt jftfj/0fLo ke| fj dN" of+sg ;DaGwdf
cfjZos cWoog / cg;' Gwfg u/L g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ l;kmfl/; ug5]{ .

-#_ /fli6«o k|fsl[ ts ;|ft] tyf ljQ cfof]usf] cGo sfd, st{Jo /
clwsf/, kf| sl[ ts ;|f]tsf] kl/rfng ubf{ jf /fh:jsf] afF8kmfF8 ubf{
ckgfpg' kg]{ lj:tt[ cfwf/, cfof]usf kbflwsf/Lx¿sf] ;j] fsf zt{
nufot cGo Joj:yf ;+3Lo sfg"g adfl] hd x'g]5 .

131

efu–@&

cGo cfof]ux¿
@%@= /fli6«o dlxnf cfofu] M -!_ g]kfndf Ps /fli6«o dlxnf cfofu] /xg5] .

h;df cWoIf / cGo rf/hgf ;b:o /xg]5g\ .

-@_ /fi6«kltn] ;+j}wflgs kl/ifbsf] l;kmfl/;df /fli6«o dlxnf
cfofu] sf cWoIf / ;b:osf] lgol' Qm ug5]{ .

-#_ /fli6«o dlxnf cfof]usf cWoIf tyf ;b:osf] kbfjlw lgol' Qm
ePsf] ldltn] 5 jif{sf] x'g]5 .

-$_ pkwf/f -#_ df h'g;s' } s'/f nl] vPsf] eP tfklg bx] fosf] sg' }
cj:yfdf /fli6«o dlxnf cfof]usf cWoIf jf ;b:osf] kb l/Qm x'g5] M–

-s_ lghn] /fi6k« lt ;dIf lnlvt /fhLgfdf lbPdf,

-v_ lghsf] pd]/ k;+} ¶L jif{ k"/f ePdf,

-u_ lghsf] lj?4 wf/f !)! adfl] hd dxfleof]u k|:tfj kfl/t
ePdf,

-3_ zf/Ll/s jf dfgl;s c:j:ytfsf] sf/0f ;j] fdf /xL sfo{
;Dkfbg ug{ c;dy{ /x]sf] egL ;+jw} flgs kl/ifbsf]
l;kmfl/;df /fi6«kltn] kbd'Qm u/d] f,

-ª_ lghsf] d[To' ePdf .

-%_ pkwf/f -@_ adf]lhd lgoQ' m cWoIf tyf ;b:osf] k'gM lgol' Qm
xg' ;Sg] 5g} .

t/ ;b:onfO{ cWoIfsf] kbdf lgo'lQm ug{ ;lsg]5 / To:tf]
;b:o cWoIfsf] kbdf lgo'lQm ePdf lghsf] kbfjlw u0fgf ubf{ ;b:o
ePsf] cjlwnfO{ ;dt] hf8] L u0fgf ul/g]5 .

-^_ b]xfosf] of]Uotf ePsf] JolQm /fli6«o dlxnf cfofu] sf] cWoIf
/ ;b:osf] kbdf lgol' Qmsf nflu ofU] o xg' 5] M–

-s_ sDtLdf bz jif{ dlxnfsf] xs, lxt jf nl+} us Gofo jf
dlxnf ljsf; jf dfgj clwsf/ / sfgg" sf] If]qdf
dxTjk0" f{ ofu] bfg k¥' ofPsf] dlxnf,

132

-v_ cWoIfsf] xsdf dfGotfk|fKt ljZjljBfnoaf6 :gfts
pkflw xfl;n u/]sf],

-u_ kt}+ fln; jif{ pd]/ k/" f u/s] f],

-3_ lgo'lQm xbF' fsf] avt s'g} /fhgLlts bnsf] ;b:o g/x]sf,]
/

-ª_ pRr gl} ts rl/q ePsf] .

-&_ /fli6«o dlxnf cfofu] sf] cWoIf / ;b:osf] kfl/>lds /
;]jfsf zt{ ;3+ Lo sfgg" adfl] hd xg' ]5 / lghx¿ axfn /x];Dd
lghnfO{ dsf{ kg]{ u/L kfl/>lds / ;]jfsf zt{ kl/jt{g ul/g] 5g} .

t/ r/d cflys{ lj>+[Vfntfsf sf/0f ;s+ 6sfn 3f]if0ff ePsf]
cj:yfdf of] Joj:yf nfu" xg' ] 5g} .

-*_ /fli6«o dlxnf cfof]usf] cWoIf jf ;b:o eO;ss] f] JolQm
cGo ;/sf/L ;]jfdf lgo'lQmsf nflu u|fXo xg' ] 5g} .

t/ sg' } /fhgLlts kbdf jf s'g} ljifosf] cg';Gwfg, hfrF ae' m jf
5fgaLg ug]{ jf s'g} ljifosf] cWoog jf cGj]if0f u/L /fo, dGtJo jf
l;kmfl/; kz] ug{] s'g} kbdf lgoQ' m eO{ sfd ug{ o; pkwf/fdf
n]lvPsf] sg' } s'/fn] afwf k¥' ofPsf] dflgg] 5g} .

@%#= /fli6«o dlxnf cfofu] sf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ M -!_ /fli6o« dlxnf
cfof]usf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ bx] fo adf]lhd x'g5] M–

-s_ dlxnfsf] xs lxt;uF ;/fs] f/ /fVg] gLlt tyf sfo{qmdsf]
th'd{ f u/L sfof{Gjogsf nflu g]kfn ;/sf/ ;dIf kz]
ug,]{

-v_ dlxnfsf] xs lxt;uF ;DalGwt sfg"g jf gk] fn kIf ePsf]
cGt/f{li6o« ;lGw jf ;Demft} f cGtut{ sf] bfloTj
sfofG{ jog eP jf gePsf] ljifodf cgu' dg u/L To;sf]
k|efjsf/L kfng jf sfofG{ jogsf] pkfo ;lxt g]kfn
;/sf/nfO{ ;'emfj lbg,]

-u_ dlxnfnfO{ /fli6«o ljsf;sf] dn" k|jfxdf ;dflxt ug{ tyf
/fHosf ;a} lgsfodf ;dfgk' flts ;xeflutf ;'lglZrt
ug{ dfh} b" f gLlt tyf sfoq{ mdsf] ;dLIff, cgu' dg tyf

133

dN" of+sg ug{] / To;sf] ke| fjsf/L sfofG{ jogsf nflu
gk] fn ;/sf/nfO{ l;kmfl/; ug{],

-3_ nl+} us ;dfgtf, dlxnf ;zQmLs/0f tyf dlxnf;Fu
;DalGwt sfg"gL Joj:yfsf] cWoog, cg;' Gwfg u/L To:tf
sfg"gdf ug{'kg]{ ;w' f/sf ;DaGwdf ;DalGwt lgsfonfO{
l;kmfl/; ug]{ / ;fs] f] cgu' dg ug],{

-ª_ dlxnf clwsf/;Fu ;DalGwt g]kfn kIf ePsf] cGt/fl{ i6«o
;lGw jf ;Demf}tfdf ePsf] Joj:yf adfl] hd g]kfnn]
k7fpg' kg{] k|ltj]bg tof/Lsf ;DaGwdf gk] fn ;/sf/nfO{
;'emfj lbg,]

-r_ dlxnf lx;+ f jf ;fdflhs s/' Lltaf6 kLl8t ePsf] jf
dlxnf clwsf/ k|of]u ug{ glbPsf] jf jl~rt u/]sf]
ljifodf sg' } JolQm jf ;:+ yf lj?4 d2' f bfo/ ug'{kg{]
cfjZostf b]lvPdf sfgg" adfl] hd cbfntdf d2' f bfo/
ug{ ;DalGwt lgsfo ;dIf l;kmfl/; ug]{ .

-@_ /fli6o« dlxnf cfof]un] cfˆgf] sfd, stJ{ o / clwsf/ dWo]
sg' } sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ cfof]usf] cWoIf, s'g} ;b:o jf gk] fn
;/sf/sf] s'g} sdr{ f/LnfO{ tf]lsPsf] zts{ f] cwLgdf /xL k|ofu] tyf
kfng ug{] u/L kT| ofof]hg ug{ ;Sg5] .

-#_ /fli6«o dlxnf cfofu] sf] cGo sfd, st{Jo, clwsf/ tyf
tt;\ DaGwL cGo Joj:yf ;+3Lo sfg"g adfl] hd xg' ]5 .

@%$= k|bz] df sfof{no :yfkgf ug{ ;Sg] M /fli6«o dlxnf cfofu] n] cfjZostf
cg;' f/ k|bz] df cfˆgf] sfof{no :yfkgf ug{ ;Sg]5 .

@%%= /fli6«o blnt cfof]u M -!_ g]kfndf Ps /fli6o« blnt cfof]u /xg]5
h;df cWoIf / cGo rf/ hgf ;b:o /xg]5g\ .

-@_ /fi6«kltn] ;+jw} flgs kl/ifbsf] l;kmfl/;df /fli6«o blnt
cfofu] sf cWoIf / ;b:osf] lgo'lQm ug]{5 .

-#_ /fli6«o blnt cfof]usf cWoIf tyf ;b:osf] kbfjlw lgol' Qm
ePsf] ldltn] 5 jif{sf] x'g5] .

-$_ pkwf/f -#_ df h'g;s' } s/' f nl] vPsf] eP tfklg bx] fosf] sg' }
cj:yfdf /fli6«o blnt cfof]usf cWoIf jf ;b:osf] kb l/Qm x'g5] M–

134

-s_ lghn] /fi6k« lt ;dIf lnlvt /fhLgfdf lbPdf,

-v_ lghsf] pd/] k+;} ¶L jif{ k"/f ePdf,

-u_ lghsf] lj?4 wf/f !)! adf]lhd dxfleofu] sf] k|:tfj
kfl/t ePdf,

-3_ zf/Ll/s jf dfgl;s c:j:ytfsf] sf/0f ;]jfdf /xL sfo{
;Dkfbg ug{ c;dy{ /x]sf] egL ;+j}wflgs kl/ifbsf]
l;kmfl/;df /fi6«kltn] kbd'Qm u/d] f,

-ª_ lghsf] dT[ o' ePdf .

-%_ pkwf/f -@_ adfl] hd lgo'Qm cWoIf tyf ;b:osf] kg' M lgo'lQm
xg' ;Sg] 5g} .

t/ ;b:onfO{ cWoIfsf] kbdf lgo'lQm ug{ ;lsg]5 / To:tf]
;b:o cWoIfsf] kbdf lgol' Qm ePdf lghsf] kbfjlw u0fgf ubf{ ;b:o
ePsf] cjlwnfO{ ;dt] hf8] L u0fgf ul/g5] .

-^_ bx] fosf] of]Uotf ePsf] JolQm /fli6«o blnt cfof]usf] cWoIf
jf ;b:osf] kbdf lgol' Qmsf nflu of]Uo xg' 5] M–

-s_ sDtLdf bz jif{ blnt ;d'bfosf] xs lxt jf dfgj
clwsf/ / sfg"gsf] If]qdf dxTjk"0f{ of]ubfg k¥' ofPsf]
blnt,

-v_ cWoIfsf] xsdf dfGotfk|fKt ljZjljBfnoaf6 sDtLdf
:gfts pkflw kf| Kt u/]sf],

-u_ kF}tfln; jif{ pd]/ k"/f ePsf,]

-3_ lgo'lQm xFb' fsf] avt s'g} /fhgLlts bnsf] ;b:o g/xs] f,]
/

-ª_ pRr g}lts rl/q ePsf] .

-&_ /fli6«o blnt cfof]usf] cWoIf / ;b:osf] kfl/>lds /
;]jfsf zt{ ;+3Lo sfg"g adfl] hd xg' 5] / lghnfO{ dsf{ kg{] u/L
kfl/>lds / ;]jfsf zt{ kl/jt{g ul/g] 5g} .

t/ r/d cflys{ lj>+[Vfntfsf sf/0f ;s+ 6sfn 3f]if0ff ePsf]
cj:yfdf of] Joj:yf nfu" xg' ] 5g} .

135

-*_ /fli6«o blnt cfofu] sf] cWoIf jf ;b:o eO;s]sf] JolQm
cGo ;/sf/L ;j] fdf lgo'lQmsf nflu u|fXo xg' ] 5g} .

t/ s'g} /fhgLlts kbdf jf s'g} ljifosf] cg;' Gwfg, hfrF a'em jf
5fgaLg ug{] jf sg' } ljifosf] cWoog jf cGj]if0f u/L /fo, dGtJo jf
l;kmfl/; kz] ug]{ s'g} kbdf lgoQ' m eO{ sfd ug{ o; pkwf/fdf
nl] vPsf] sg' } s'/fn] afwf k¥' ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g .

@%^= /fli6«o blnt cfofu] sf] sfd, stJ{ o / clwsf/ M -!_ /fli6o« blnt
cfofu] sf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ bx] fo adfl] hd xg' 5] M–

-s_ blnt ;db' fosf] ;du| l:yltsf] cWoog tyf cGji] f0f u/L
tt;\ DaGwdf ug'{ kg]{ gLltut, sfg"gL / ;+:Yffut ;'wf/sf
ljifo klxrfg u/L g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ l;kmfl/; ug{],

-v_ hftLo 5j' f5t" , pTkL8g / ljeb] sf] cGTo u/L blnt
pTyfg / ljsf;sf nflu blnt lxt;Fu ;/f]sf/ /fVg]
/fli6«o gLlt tyf sfoq{ mdsf] th'd{ f u/L sfof{Gjogsf
nflu g]kfn ;/sf/ ;dIf k]z ug,{]

-u_ blnt ;db' fosf] pTyfg tyf lxtdf ePsf ljz]if Joj:yf
nufot blnt lxt;Fu ;DjlGwt sfg"gsf] k|efjsf/L ¿kdf
kfngf eP jf gePsf] ljifodf cg'udg u/L kfngf jf
sfof{Gjog gePsf] eP ;f]sf] kfngf jf sfof{Gjogsf
nflu g]kfn ;/sf/ ;dIf ;'emfa lbg,]

-3_ blnt ;d'bfosf] clwsf/;u+ ;DalGwt gk] fn kIf ePsf]
cGt/fl{ i6o« ;lGw jf ;Demft} fdf ePsf] Joj:yf adf]lhd
gk] fnn] k7fpg' kg]{ k|ltj]bg tof/Lsf ;DaGwdf g]kfn
;/sf/nfO{ ;'emfj lbg],

-ª_ blnt ;db' fonfO{ /fli6«o ljsf;sf] d"n kj| fxdf ;dflxt
ug{ tyf /fHosf ;a} c+ux¿df ;dfgk' flts ;xeflutf
;l' glZrt ug{ dfh} "bf gLlt tyf sfoq{ mdsf] ;dLIff,
cgu' dg tyf d"Nof+sg ug{] / ;f]sf] k|efjsf/L
sfof{Gjogsf nflu g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ l;kmfl/; ug{,]

-r_ hftLo eb] efj tyf 5j" f5"t jf ;fdflhs s/' Lltaf6
kLl8t ePsf] jf blntsf] xs k|of]u ug{ glbPsf] jf
jl~rt u/]sf] ljifodf s'g} JolQm jf ;:+ yf lj?4 d'2f
bfo/ ug'{ kg{] cfjZostf b]lvPdf sfg"g adfl] hd

136

cbfntdf d2' f bfo/ ug{ ;DalGwt lgsfo ;dIf l;kmfl/;
ug{] .

-@_ /fli6«o blnt cfof]un] cfˆgf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ dWo]
s'g} sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ cfof]usf] cWoIf, s'g} ;b:o jf g]kfn
;/sf/sf] s'g} sdr{ f/LnfO{ tfl] sPsf] zts{ f] cwLgdf /xL ko| fu] tyf
kfng ug{] u/L kT| ofof]hg ug{ ;Sg5] .

-#_ /fli6«o blnt cfof]usf] cGo sfd, st{Jo, clwsf/ tyf
tt\;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf ;3+ Lo sfg"g adf]lhd x'g]5 .

@%&= k|bz] df sfof{no :yfkgf ug{ ;Sg] M /fli6«o blnt cfof]un] cfjZostf
cg';f/ k|b]zdf cfˆgf] sfof{no :yfkgf ug{ ;Sg]5 .

@%*= /fli6«o ;dfj]zL cfofu] M -!_ g]kfndf Ps /fli6«o ;dfj]zL cfofu] /xg5]
h;df cWoIf / cGo rf/ hgf;Dd ;b:o /xg5] g\ .

-@_ /fi6«kltn] ;j+ w} flgs kl/ifbsf] l;kmfl/;df /fli6«o ;dfj]zL
cfof]usf] cWoIf / ;b:osf] lgo'lQm ug]{5 .

-#_ /fli6«o ;dfjz] L cfofu] sf cWoIf tyf ;b:osf] kbfjlw
lgol' Qm ePsf] ldltn] 5 jifs{ f] x'g]5 .

-$_ pkwf/f -#_ df hg' ;'s} s/' f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg bx] fosf] sg' }
cj:yfdf /fli6«o ;dfj]zL cfof]usf cWoIf jf ;b:osf] kb l/Qm ePsf]
dflgg5] M–

-s_ lghn] /fi6«klt ;dIf lnlvt /fhLgfdf lbPdf,
-v_ lghsf] pd]/ k}+;¶L jif{ k"/f ePdf,
-u_ lghsf] lj?4 wf/f !)! adf]lhd dxfleofu] sf] k|:tfj

kfl/t ePdf,
-3_ zf/Ll/s jf dfgl;s c:j:ytfsf] sf/0f ;j] fdf /xL sfo{

;Dkfbg ug{ c;dy{ /xs] f] egL ;+j}wflgs kl/ifbsf]
l;kmfl/;df /fi6«kltn] kbd'Qm u/]df,
-ª_ lghsf] dT[ o' ePdf .

-%_ pkwf/f -@_ adf]lhd lgo'Qm cWoIf tyf ;b:osf] kg' M lgo'lQm
xg' ;Sg] 5g} .

t/ ;b:onfO{ cWoIfsf] kbdf lgol' Qm ug{ ;lsg5] / To:tf]
;b:o cWoIfsf] kbdf lgol' Qm ePdf lghsf] kbfjlw u0fgf ubf{ ;b:o
ePsf] cjlwnfO{ ;dt] hf8] L u0fgf ul/g]5 .

137

-^_ bx] fosf] of]Uotf ePsf] JolQm /fli6«o ;dfjz] L cfof]usf]
cWoIf jf ;b:osf] kbdf lgo'lQm x'g of]Uo x'g5] M–

-s_ sDtLdf bz jif{ ;fdflhs ;dfjz] Ls/0f, ckf+utf ePsf
JolQm, cNk;V+ os Pj+ ;LdfGtLst[ ;db' fo tyf lk5l8Psf]
If]q / jus{ f] xs lxt jf ljsf; jf dfgj clwsf/sf]
If]qdf dxTjk0" f{ of]ubfg k'¥ofPsf],

-v_ cWoIfsf] xsdf dfGotfk|fKt ljZjljBfnoaf6 :gfts
pkflw xfl;n u/s] f],

-u_ k+t} fln; jif{ pd]/ k"/f u/]sf,]
-3_ lgo'lQm x'Fbfsf] avt sg' } /fhgLlts bnsf] ;b:o g/xs] f],

/
-ª_ pRr gl} ts rl/q ePsf] .

-&_ /fli6«o ;dfjz] L cfof]usf] cWoIf / ;b:osf] kfl/>lds /
;j] fsf zt{ ;3+ Lo sfgg" adf]lhd xg' ]5 / lgh axfn /x];Dd lghnfO{
dsf{ kg{] u/L kfl/>lds / ;]jfsf zt{ kl/jtg{ ul/g] 5}g .

t/ r/d cfly{s lj>+[Vfntfsf sf/0f ;s+ 6sfn 3f]if0ff ePsf]
cj:yfdf of] Joj:yf nfu" xg' ] 5g} .

-*_ /fli6«o ;dfjz] L cfofu] sf] cWoIf jf ;b:o eO;s]sf] JolQm
cGo ;/sf/L ;]jfdf lgo'lQmsf nflu uf| Xo xg' ] 5}g .

t/ s'g} /fhgLlts kbdf jf s'g} ljifosf] cg';Gwfg, hfrF ae' m jf
5fgaLg ug]{ jf s'g} ljifosf] cWoog jf cGj]if0f u/L /fo, dGtJo jf
l;kmfl/; kz] ug]{ s'g} kbdf lgo'Qm eO{ sfd ug{ o; pkwf/fdf
nl] vPsf] s'g} s/' fn] afwf k¥' ofPsf] dflgg] 5g} .

@%(= /fli6«o ;dfj]zL cfof]usf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ M -!_ /fli6«o ;dfjz] L
cfof]usf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ b]xfo adfl] hd xg' 5] M–

-s_ v; cfo,{ lk58f ju,{ ckf+utf ePsf JolQm, Ho]i7
gful/s, >lds, ls;fg, cNk;+Vos Pj+ ;LdfGtLs[t
;db' fo tyf lk5l8Psf] ju{ / s0ff{nL tyf cfly{s ¿kn]
ljkGg ju{ nufotsf ;d'bfosf] xs clwsf/sf] ;+/If0fsf
nflu cWoog tyf cg';Gwfg ug]{,

-v_ v08 -s_ df plNnlvt ;db' fo, ju{ / If]qsf]
;dfjz] Ls/0fsf nflu g]kfn ;/sf/n] cjnDag u/s] f]

138

gLlt tyf sfgg" sf] sfof{Gjog cj:yfsf] cWoog u/L
;'wf/sf nflu g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ ;'emfj lbg,]

-u_ v08 -s_ df plNnlvt ;db' fo, ju{ / If]qsf] /fHo
;+oGqdf plrt kl| tlglwTj eP gePsf] cWoog u/L To:tf]
;db' fo, ju{ / If]qsf] kl| tlglwTjsf nflu ul/Psf] ljzi] f
Joj:yfsf] kg' /fjnf]sg ug{ g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ ;e' mfj lbg,]

-3_ v08 -s_ df plNnlvt ;d'bfo, ju{ / If]qsf] ;+/If0f,
;zQmLs/0f / ljsf; ;Gtf]ifhgs eP gePsf] cWoog
u/L eljiodf cjnDag ug'{ kg{] gLltsf] ;DaGwdf g]kfn
;/sf/ ;dIf l;kmfl/; ug]{,

-ª_ s0ff{nL / lk5l8Psf] If]qsf] ljsf; / ;d[l4sf nflu
canDag ug'{ kg]{ gLlt / sfo{qmdsf] ;DaGwdf g]kfn
;/sf/nfO{ ;'emfj lbg],

-r_ cNk;+Vos tyf ;LdfGtLs[t ;d'bfo ;DaGwL sfg"gdf
;dofg's'n kl/dfhg{ sf nflu l;kmfl/; ug],{

-5_ cNk;+Vos tyf ;LdfGtLst[ ;db' fosf nflu k|Tofet" xs
clwsf/sf] sfof{Gjog l:ylt cgu' dg u/L cfjlws
¿kdf x'g] /fli6«o hgu0fgf tyf dfgj ljsf; ;"rsf+s
;DaGwL kl| tj]bgsf] cfwf/df cfjZos kg' /fjnf]sg u/L
kl/dfhg{ sf nflu l;kmfl/; ug{] .

-@_ /fli6«o ;dfj]zL cfofu] n] cfˆgf] sfd, stJ{ o / clwsf/ dWo]
sg' } sfd, stJ{ o / clwsf/ ;f] cfof]usf] cWoIf, sg' } ;b:o jf g]kfn
;/sf/sf] s'g} sd{rf/LnfO{ tfl] sPsf] zt{sf] cwLgdf /xL ko| fu] tyf
kfng ug]{ u/L kT| ofof]hg ug{ ;Sg]5 .

-#_ /fli6«o ;dfj]zL cfof]usf] cGo sfd, st{Jo, clwsf/ tyf
tt;\ DaGwL cGo Joj:yf ;3+ Lo sfg"g adf]lhd xg' 5] .

@^)= k|bz] df sfof{no :yfkgf ug{ ;Sg] M /fli6«o ;dfjz] L cfof]un]
cfjZostf cg';f/ kb| z] df cfˆgf] sfof{no :yfkgf ug{ ;Sg5] .

@^!= cflbjf;L hghflt cfofu] M -!_ g]kfndf Ps cflbjf;L hghflt cfofu]
/xg5] h;df cWoIf / cGo rf/ hgf;Dd ;b:o /xg]5g\ .

-@_ /fi6«kltn] ;j+ }wflgs kl/ifbsf] l;kmfl/;df cflbjf;L hghflt
cfof]usf cWoIf / ;b:osf] lgol' Qm ug{]5 .

139

-#_ cflbjf;L hghflt cfofu] sf cWoIf tyf ;b:osf] kbfjlw
lgol' Qm ePsf] ldltn] 5 jifs{ f] x'g]5 .

-$_ cflbjf;L hghflt cfof]usf cWoIf tyf ;b:osf] of]Uotf,
kb l/Qm xg' ] cj:yf, kfl/>lds / ;]jfsf zt{x? / To:tf] cfof]usf]
sfd, stJ{ o / clwsf/ ;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf ;3+ Lo sfg"g adf]lhd
x'g5] .

@^@= dw]zL cfof]u M -!_ g]kfndf Ps dwz] L cfof]u /xg]5 h;df cWoIf /
cGo rf/ hgf;Dd ;b:o /xg]5g\ .

-@_ /fi6k« ltn] ;j+ w} flgs kl/ifbsf] l;kmfl/;df dw]zL cfof]usf
cWoIf / ;b:osf] lgol' Qm ug5]{ .

-#_ dwz] L cfofu] sf cWoIf tyf ;b:osf] kbfjlw lgol' Qm ePsf]
ldltn] 5 jifs{ f] xg' ]5 .

-$_ dw]zL cfof]usf cWoIf tyf ;b:osf] of]Uotf, kb l/Qm xg' ]
cj:yf, kfl/>lds / ;]jfsf ztx{ ? / To:tf] cfof]usf] sfd, st{Jo /
clwsf/ ;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf ;3+ Lo sfg"g adfl] hd xg' ]5 .

@^#= yf¿ cfof]u M -!_ g]kfndf Ps yf¿ cfofu] /xg5] h;df cWoIf / cGo
rf/ hgf;Dd ;b:o /xg5] g\ .

-@_ /fi6k« ltn] ;j+ }wflgs kl/ifbsf] l;kmfl/;df yf¿ cfof]usf
cWoIf / ;b:osf] lgol' Qm ug5{] .

-#_ yf? cfofu] sf cWoIf tyf ;b:osf] kbfjlw lgo'lQm ePsf]
ldltn] 5 jifs{ f] xg' ]5 .

-$_ yf¿ cfofu] sf cWoIf tyf ;b:osf] ofU] otf, kb l/Qm xg' ]
cj:yf, kfl/>lds / ;j] fsf ztx{ ? / To:tf] cfofu] sf] sfd, stJ{ o /
clwsf/ ;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf ;3+ Lo sfgg" adf]lhd x'g]5 .

@^$= dl' :nd cfof]u M -!_ g]kfndf Ps d'l:nd cfofu] /xg5] h;df cWoIf /
cGo rf/ hgf;Dd ;b:o /xg]5g\ .

-@_ /fi6k« ltn] ;+j}wflgs kl/ifbsf] l;kmfl/;df dl' :nd cfof]usf
cWoIf / ;b:osf] lgo'lQm ug]{5 .

-#_ d'l:nd cfof]usf cWoIf tyf ;b:osf] kbfjlw lgol' Qm ePsf]
ldltn] 5 jifs{ f] xg' ]5 .

140

-$_ d'l:nd cfof]usf cWoIf tyf ;b:osf] of]Uotf, kb l/Qm x'g]
cj:yf, kfl/>lds / ;j] fsf zt{x? / To:tf] cfof]usf] sfd, stJ{ o /
clwsf/ ;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf ;3+ Lo sfg"g adf]lhd xg' ]5 .
@^%= cfof]usf] k'g/fjnfs] g M o; efu adf]lhd u7g ePsf cfof]ux?sf]
;+3Lo ;+;bn] of] ;l+ jwfg k|f/De ePsf] ldltn] bz jif{ kl5
k'g/fjnf]sg ug{5] .

141

efu–@*

/fli6«o ;'/Iff ;DaGwL Joj:yf
@^^= /fli6«o ;'/Iff kl/ifb M -!_ gk] fnsf] ;du| /fli6«o lxt, ;'/Iff / kl| t/Iff

;DaGwL gLlt thd'{ f ug{ tyf g]kfnL ;]gfsf] kl/rfng jf lgoGq0f

ugs{ f nflu gk] fn ;/sf/, dlGqkl/ifbnfO{ l;kmfl/; ug{ b]xfo

adf]lhdsf cWoIf / ;b:ox¿ /x]sf] Ps /fli6«o ;/' Iff kl/ifb /xg]5 M–
-s_ kw| fgdGqL – cWoIf

-v_ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] /Iff dGqL – ;b:o

-u_ gk] fn ;/sf/sf] u[x dGqL – ;b:o
-3_ gk] fn ;/sf/sf] k//fi6« dGqL – ;b:o

-ª_ gk] fn ;/sf/sf] cy{ dGqL – ;b:o

-r_ gk] fn ;/sf/sf] d'Vo ;lrj – ;b:o

-5_ kw| fg ;g] fklt, g]kfnL ;]gf – ;b:o

-@_ /Iff dGqfnosf] ;lrjn] /fli6«o ;'/Iff kl/ifbsf] ;b:o–;lrj
eO{ sfd ug]{5 .

-#_ /fli6«o ;'/Iff kl/ifbn] cfˆgf] jflif{s kl| tjb] g /fi6«klt ;dIf
k]z ug5{] / /fi6k« ltn] To:tf] kl| tj]bg kw| fgdGqL dfkmt{ ;+3Lo ;+;b
;dIf k]z ug{ nufpg]5 .

-$_ /fli6«o ;'/Iff kl/ifb ;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf ;+3Lo sfgg"

adf]lhd x'g]5 .

@^&= gk] fnL ;g] f ;DaGwL Joj:yf M -!_ gk] fnsf] :jtGqtf, ;fj{ef}d;Qf,
ef}uf]lns cv08tf, :jfwLgtf / /fli6«o Pstfsf] /Iffsf nflu o;
;l+ jwfgkl| t kl| ta4 ;dfj]zL g]kfnL ;]gfsf] Ps ;u+ 7g /xg]5 .

-@_ /fi6k« lt g]kfnL ;g] fsf] k/dflwklt x'g]5 .

-#_ gk] fnL ;]gfdf dlxnf, blnt, cflbjf;L, cflbjf;L hghflt,
v; cfo,{ dw]zL, yf¿, dl' :nd, lk58f ju{ tyf lk5l8Psf] Ifq] sf
gful/ssf] k|j]z ;dfgtf / ;dfjz] L l;4fGtsf] cfwf/df ;3+ Lo sfgg"
adfl] hd ;'lglZrt ul/g5] .

-$_ g]kfn ;/sf/n] gk] fnL ;g] fnfO{ ;3+ Lo sfg"g adfl] hd ljsf;
lgdf0{ f / ljkb Joj:yfkg nufotsf cGo sfo{df ;d]t kl/rfng ug{
;Sg5] .

-%_ /fi6«kltn] dlGqkl/ifbsf] l;kmfl/;df k|wfg ;g] fkltsf] lgol' Qm
/ kbdl' Qm ug]5{ .

142

-^_ gk] fnsf] ;fje{ f}d;Qf, ef}uf]lns cv08tf jf s'g} efusf]
;/' Iffdf o4' , afx\o cfqmd0f, ;z:q ljb|f]x jf r/d cflys{ lj>v+[ ntfsf]
sf/0fn] uDeL/ ;+s6 pTkGg ePdf /fli6o« ;'/Iff kl/ifbsf] l;kmfl/zdf
g]kfn ;/sf/, dlGqkl/ifbsf] lg0f{o adfl] hd /fi6«kltaf6 g]kfnL ;g] f
kl/rfngsf] 3f]if0ff x'g]5 . gk] fnL ;g] f kl/rfngsf] 3f]if0ff ePsf]
ldltn] Ps dxLgfleq kl| tlglw ;efaf6 cgd' fb] g x'g' kg]{5 .

-&_ gk] fnL ;g] f ;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf sfg"g adf]lhd x'g5] .
@^*= gk] fn kx| /L, ;z:q k|x/L an, gk] fn / /fli6«o cg';Gwfg ;+u7g ;DaGwL

Joj:yf M -!_ ;+3df g]kfn k|x/L, ;z:q kx| /L an, g]kfn / /fli6o«
cg';Gwfg ljefu /xg]5g\ .

-@_ k|To]s kb| ]zdf kb| z] k|x/L ;+u7g /xg5] .
-#_ gk] fn k|x/L / k|bz] k|x/Ln] ;Dkfbg ug{] sfo{sf] ;~rfng,
;k' l/j]If0f / ;dGjo ;DaGwL Joj:yf ;3+ Lo sfg"g adf]lhd xg' 5] .
-$_ g]kfn kx| /L, ;z:q kx| /L an, gk] fn / /fli6o« cg';Gwfg
ljefu ;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf ;+3Lo sfg"g adf]lhd x'g5] .

143

efu–@(

/fhgLlts bn ;DaGwL Joj:yf

@^(= /fhgLlts bnsf] u7g, btf{ / ;~rfng M -!_ ;dfg /fhgLlts
ljrf/wf/f, bzg{ / sfo{qmddf kl| ta4 JolQmx¿n] wf/f !& sf] pkwf/f -
@_ sf] v08 -u_ cGtu{t ags] f] sfgg" sf] cwLgdf /xL /fhgLlts bn
u7g u/L ;~rfng ug{ / bnsf] ljrf/wf/f, bzg{ / sfo{qmdk|lt
hg;fwf/0fsf] ;dyg{ / ;xof]u kf| Kt ug{sf nflu To;sf] k|rf/ / k|;f/
ug{, u/fpg jf ;f] k|ofh] gsf nflu cGo cfjZos sfd ug{ ;Sg]5g\ .

-@_ pkwf/f -!_ adfl] hd u7g ePsf /fhgLlts bnn] sfgg"
adfl] hdsf] sfol{ jlw k/" f u/L lgjfr{ g cfof]udf bn btf{ u/fpg' kg5]{ .

-#_ pkwf/f -@_ adf]lhd bn btf{ u/fpg] k|ofh] gsf nflu lgj]bg
k]z ubf{ ;DalGwt /fhgLlts bnsf] ljwfg / 3f]if0ffkqsf cltl/Qm
;+3Lo sfgg" adfl] hdsf cGo sfuhft kz] ug{' kg{]5 .

-$_ pkwf/f -@_ adfl] hd bn btfs{ f nflu lgjb] g lb+bf
/fhgLlts bnn] bx] fosf zt{ k/" f ug'{ kg5]{ M–

-s_ /fhgLlts bnsf] ljwfg / lgodfjnL nf]stflGqs x'g' k5,{

-v_ /fhgLlts bnsf] ljwfgdf sDtLdf kfFr jif{df Ps k6s
;f] bnsf ;3+ Lo / k|b]z txsf k|To]s kbflwsf/Lsf]
lgjf{rg xg' ] Joj:yf x'g' k5{,

t/ ljz]if kl/l:ylt pTkGg eO{ kfFr jif{leqdf
kbflwsf/Lsf] lgjf{rg ;DkGg x'g g;sd] f 5 dxLgfleq
To:tf] lgjfr{ g ug{ ;lsg] u/L /fhgLlts bnsf] ljwfgdf
Joj:yf ug{ afwf kg{] 5g} .

-u_ bnsf] ljleGg txsf sfo{sfl/0fL ;ldltdf gk] fnsf]
ljljwtfnfO{ k|ltlalDat ug{] u/L ;dfj]zL kl| tlglwTjsf]
Joj:yf ul/Psf] x'g' k5{ .

-%_ sg' } /fhgLlts bnsf] gfd, p2Z] o, lrGx jf em08f b]zsf]
wfld{s jf ;fDkb| flos Pstfdf vnn kfg{] jf bz] nfO{ ljvl08t ug{]
ks| l[ tsf] /x5] eg] To:tf] /fhgLlts bn btf{ x'g] 5g} .

@&)= /fhgLlts bnnfO{ kl| taGw nufpg aGb]h M -!_ wf/f @^( adfl] hd
/fhgLlts bnsf] u7g u/L ;~rfng ug{ / bnsf] ljrf/wf/f, bzg{ /

144

sfo{qmdkl| t hg;fwf/0fsf] ;dyg{ / ;xofu] k|fKt ug{sf nflu To;sf]
kr| f/ / k;| f/ ug]{ sfod{ f sg' } kl| taGw nufpg] u/L agfOPsf] sfgg" jf
ul/Psf] sg' } Joj:yf jf lg0fo{ of] ;+ljwfgsf] k|lts"n dflgg]5 / :jtM
cdfGo xg' ]5 .

-@_ sg' } Pp6} /fhgLlts bn jf Ps} lsl;dsf] /fhgLlts
ljrf/wf/f, bzg{ jf sfoq{ md ePsf JolQmx¿n] dfq lgjf{rg, b]zsf]
/fhgLlts k|0ffnL jf /fHo Joj:yf ;~rfngdf efu lng kfpg] jf
;lDdlnt x'g kfpg] u/L agfOPsf] sfgg" jf ul/Psf] s'g} Joj:yf jf
lg0fo{ of] ;l+ jwfgsf] kl| tsn" dflgg5] / :jtM cdfGo xg' 5] .
@&!= /fhgLlts bnsf] ¿kdf lgjf{rgsf nflu dfGotf k|fKt ug{ btf{ u/fpg'
kg{] M -!_ lgjfr{ gsf] k|ofh] gsf nflu lgjf{rg cfofu] af6 dfGotf k|fKt
ug{ rfxg] wf/f @^( adfl] hd btf{ ePsf] kT| o]s /fhgLlts bnn] ;3+ Lo
sfg"g adf]lhdsf] sfo{ljlw k"/f u/L lgjf{rg cfofu] df btf{ u/fpg'
kg{5] .

-@_ pkwf/f -!_ sf] k|of]hgsf nflu lgjb] g lb+bf /fhgLlts bnn]
wf/f @^( sf] pkwf/f -#_ df plNnlvt ljj/0fsf] cltl/Qm jflif{s
nv] fk/LIf0f kl| tjb] g k]z ug{' kg]{5 / ;fx] L wf/fsf] pkwf/f -$_ df
plNnlvt zt{ ;dt] k"/f u/]sf] x'g' kg{5] .
@&@= /fhgLlts bn ;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf M /fhgLlts bnsf] u7g, btf,{
;~rfng / ;'ljwf tyf tT;DaGwL cGo ljifo ;+3Lo sfgg" adfl] hd
x'g]5 .

145

efu–#)

;+s6sfnLg clwsf/

@&#= ;s+ 6sfnLg Joj:yf M -!_ g]kfnsf] ;fj{ef}d;Qf, ef}ufl] ns cv08tf jf
sg' } efusf] ;'/Iffdf o4' , afXo cfqmd0f, ;z:q ljbf| ]x, r/d cflys{
lj>+v[ ntf, kf| sl[ ts ljkb jf dxfdf/Lsf] sf/0fn] uDeL/ ;+s6 pTkGg
ePdf /fi6k« ltn] gk] fne/ jf gk] fnsf] s'g} vf; Ifq] df nfu" xg' ] u/L
;s+ 6sfnLg cj:yfsf] 3f]if0ff ug{ jf cfb]z hf/L ug{ ;Sg]5 .

-@_ pkwf/f -!_ df hg' ;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg s'g} k|b]zdf
kf| s[lts ljkb jf dxfdf/Lsf] sf/0fn] uDeL/ ;s+ 6 pTkGg ePdf
;DalGwt k|bz] ;/sf/n] g]kfn ;/sf/ ;dIf o; wf/f adfl] hd k|b]z jf
k|bz] sf] s'g} efudf ;+s6sfnLg cj:yfsf] 3f]if0ff jf cfbz] hf/L ugs{ f
nflu cg/' f]w ug{ ;Sg5] .

-#_ pkwf/f -!_ adfl] hd ul/Psf] 3f]if0ff jf cfb]z To:tf] 3f]if0ff
jf cfbz] ePsf] ldltn] Ps dxLgfleq cgd' f]bgsf nflu ;+3Lo ;;+ bsf
bj' } ;bgdf k]z ul/g]5 .

-$_ pkwf/f -#_ adfl] hd cgd' f]bgsf nflu kz] ePsf] 3f]if0ff jf
cfbz] ;+3Lo ;+;bsf b'j} ;bgdf tTsfn sfod /xs] f ;Dk"0f{ ;b:o
;V+ ofsf] sDtLdf bO' { ltxfO ax'dtn] cg'df]bg u/d] f To:tf] 3fi] f0ff jf
cfb]z ePsf] ldltn] tLg dxLgf;Dd sfod /xg]5 .

-%_ pkwf/f -#_ adf]lhd cgd' fb] gsf nflu kz] ePsf] 3f]if0ff jf
cfb]z pkwf/f -$_ adf]lhd cgd' fb] g gePdf :jtM lgliqmo xg' ]5 .

-^_ o; wf/fdf cGoq h'g;'s} s/' f nl] vPsf] eP tfklg pkwf/f -
!_ adfl] hdsf] cj:yf cem} ljBdfg 5 egL pkwf/f -$_ adf]lhdsf]
cjlw ;dfKt gxF'b} csf]{ Ps k6s tLg dxLgfdf ga9fO{ ;s+ 6sfnLg
3fi] f0ff jf cfb]zsf] cjlw yk ug{] k:| tfj ;+3Lo ;;+ bdf k]z ug{
;lsg5] .

-&_ pkwf/f -^_ adfl] hdsf] k:| tfj ;3+ Lo ;;+ bsf b'j} ;bgdf
tTsfn sfod /x]sf ;Dk0" f{ ;b:o ;V+ ofsf] sDtLdf b'O{ ltxfO ax'dtn]
kfl/t ePdf To:tf] k:| tfjdf plNnlvt cjlw ;Ddsf nflu ;s+ 6sfnLg
cj:yfsf] 3f]if0ff jf cfb]z sfod /xg5] .

146

-*_ kl| tlglw ;ef lj36g ePsf] cj:yfdf pkwf/f -#_, -$_, -^_
/ -&_ adf]lhd ;+3Lo ;+;bn] k|ofu] ug]{ clwsf/ /fli6«o ;efn] k|of]u
ug5]{ .

-(_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd ;+s6sfnLg cj:yfsf] 3fi] f0ff jf cfb]z
ePkl5 To:tf] cj:yfsf] lgjf/0f ug{ /fi6k« ltn] cfjZos cfb]z hf/L
ug{ ;Sg]5 . To;/L hf/L ePsf] cfbz] ;s+ 6sfnLg cj:yf axfn
/x];Dd sfg"g ;/x nfu" x'g5] .

-!)_ pkwf/f -!_ adfl] hd ;s+ 6sfnLg cj:yfsf] 3fi] f0ff jf
cfbz] hf/L ubf{ To:tf] 3f]if0ff jf cfbz] axfn /x;] Ddsf nflu efu–#
df Joj:yf ePsf dfl} ns xs lgnDag ug{ ;lsg5] .

t/ wf/f !^, wf/f !& sf] pkwf/f -@_ sf] v08 -u_ / -3_, wf/f
!*, wf/f !( sf] pkwf/f -@_, wf/f @), @!, @@, @$, wf/f @^ sf]
pkwf/f -!_, @(, #), #!, #@, #%, #^ sf] pkwf/f -!_ / -@_, #*, #(,
$) sf] pkwf/f -@_ / -#_, $!, $@, $#, $% / wf/f $^ adf]lhdsf]
;j+ w} flgs pkrf/sf] xs / aGbL k|ToIfLs/0fsf] pkrf/ kf| Kt ug{] xs
lgnDag ul/g] 5g} .

-!!_ pkwf/f -!)_ adfl] hd o; ;l+ jwfgsf] s'g} wf/f lgnDag
ul/Psfd] f ;f] wf/fåf/f k|bQ df}lns xssf] k|rngsf nflu s'g}
cbfntdf lgjb] g lbg jf To; ;DaGwdf s'g} cbfntdf k|Zg p7fpg
;lsg] 5}g .

-!@_ o; wf/f adfl] hdsf] 3f]if0ff jf cfbz] axfn /xs] f] cj:yfdf
s'g} kbflwsf/Ln] ablgot;fy sg' } sfd u/]af6 s;n} fO{ s'g} ks| f/sf]
Iflt ePsf] /x]5 eg] kLl8tn] To:tf] 3f]if0ff jf cfbz] ;dfKt ePsf]
ldltn] tLg dxLgfleq cfk"mnfO{ k/]sf] Iflt afkt Ifltk"lts{ f] bfaL ug{
;Sg]5 . To:tf] bfaL k/d] f cbfntn] ;3+ Lo sfg"g adfl] hd Ifltk"lt{
e/fOlbg / kL8snfO{ ;hfo ug{ ;Sg5] .

-!#_ o; wf/f adf]lhdsf] 3f]if0ff jf cfb]z /fi6«kltn] hg' ;'s}
avt lkmtf{ lng ;Sg]5 .

147

efu–#!

;+ljwfg ;+zfw] g

@&$= ;+ljwfg ;z+ f]wg M -!_ gk] fnsf] ;fj{efl} dstf, efu} fl] ns cv08tf,
:jfwLgtf / hgtfdf lglxt ;fje{ fd} ;Qfsf] k|lts"n x'g] u/L of] ;+ljwfg
;z+ fw] g ug{ ;lsg] 5g} .

-@_ pkwf/f -!_ / o; ;+ljwfgsf] cGo wf/fsf] cwLgdf /xL o;
;+ljwfgsf] s'g} wf/fnfO{ ;z+ f]wg jf vf/h] ug{] ljwo] s ;+3Lo ;;+ bsf]
sg' } klg ;bgdf kz] ug{ ;lsg5] .

t/ pkwf/f -!_ nfO{ ;+zf]wg ul/g] 5}g .

-#_ pkwf/f -@_ adfl] hd k]z ePsf] ljw]os ;DalGwt ;bgdf
k|:tt' ePsf] tL; lbgleq ;j{;fwf/0f hgtfsf] hfgsf/Lsf nflu
;fjh{ lgs ¿kdf ks| fzg ug'{ kg{]5 .

-$_ pkwf/f -@_ adf]lhd k]z ePsf] ljw]os sg' } k|b]zsf] ;Ldfgf
kl/jt{g jf cg;' "rL–^ df plNnlvt ljifo;Fu ;DalGwt ePdf To:tf]
ljwo] s ;+3Lo ;;+ bdf k|:tt' ePsf] tL; lbgleq ;DalGwt ;bgsf]
;efd'v jf cWoIfn] ;xdltsf nflu k|bz] ;efdf k7fpg' kg]{5 .

-%_ pkwf/f -$_ adf]lhd k7fOPsf] ljw]os tLg dxLgfleq
;DalGwt kb| ]z ;efsf tTsfn sfod /x]sf ;Dk"0f{ ;b:ox¿sf]
ax'dtaf6 :jLst[ jf c:jLs[t u/L To;sf] hfgsf/L ;+3Lo ;+;bdf
k7fpg' kg5]{ .

t/ s'g} k|b]z ;ef sfod g/x]sf] cj:yfdf To:tf] kb| ]z ;ef
u7g eO{ To;sf] klxnf] a}7s a;]sf] ldltn] tLg dxLgfleq :jLst[ jf
c:jLst[ u/L k7fpg' kg]5{ .

-^_ pkwf/f -%_ adfl] hdsf] cjlwleq To:tf] ljwo] s :jLst[ jf
c:jLs[t ePsf] hfgsf/L glbPdf ;3+ Lo ;+;bsf] ljw]os pTklQ ePsf]
;bgn] To:tf] ljwo] s pk/sf] sf/afxL cufl8 a9fpg afwf kg{] 5}g .

-&_ pkwf/f -%_ adf]lhdsf] cjlwleq ax;' +Vos k|b]z ;efn]
To:tf] ljw]os c:jLst[ u/]sf] ;r" gf ;+3Lo ;;+ bsf] ;DalGwt ;bgnfO{
lbPdf To:tf] ljw]os lgliqmo x'g]5 .

-*_ kb| z] ;efsf] ;xdlt cfjZos gkg{] jf pkwf/f -%_ adf]lhd
ax;' +Vos kb| ]z ;efaf6 :jLs[t eO{ cfPsf] ljw]os ;+3Lo ;+;bsf b'a}

148

;bgdf tTsfn sfod /xs] f ;Dk"0f{ ;b:o ;V+ ofsf] sDtLdf bO' { ltxfO
ax'dtaf6 kfl/t ug'{ kg{]5 .

-(_ pkwf/f -*_ adfl] hd kfl/t ePsf] ljw]os k|df0fLs/0fsf
nflu /fi6«klt ;dIf k]z ul/g]5 .

-!)_ /fi6k« ltn] pkwf/f -(_ adfl] hd k]z ePsf] ljw]os kf| Kt
ePsf] kGwl| bg leq k|df0fLs/0f ug5{] / kd| f0fLs/0f ePsf] ldlt b]lv
;+ljwfg ;z+ f]wg xg' ]5 .

149