IT DICTIONARY POCKET

A L P H A B E Tm

26. MCR Maximum An Available Bit Rate
27. MDA Cell Rate (ABR) traffic parameter
(in cells per second)
Model- that gives the slowest
driven rate at which the
architecture network controls the
flow of the source on
an ABR Virtual
Channel (VC)
connection.

a software design
approach for the
development of
software systems. It
provides a set of
guidelines for the
structuring of
specifications, which
are expressed as
models.

298

A L P H A B E Tm

28. MDB Message- part of the Java EE
Driven specifications
Beans

29. MDF Medium A type of particle
Density board that is often used
Fiberboard in the construction of
subwoofer enclosures.
It is used due to its
ability to absorb
vibration and its
sturdiness.

30. mdisk managed A SCSI logical unit
disk (LU) that a RAID
controller provides and
a cluster manages.

299

A L P H A B E Tm

31. MDIX medium an Ethernet port
dependent connection that allows
interface networked end
crossover stations (i.e., PCs or
workstations) to
connect to each other
using a null-modem,
or crossover, cable.

32. MDM master data the set of processes to
management create and maintain a
single view of
reference data that is
shared across systems.

33. MDP Mobile Data Mobile Data
34. MDS Protection Protection

Master Data IBM MDM product
Service

300

A L P H A B E Tm

35. MDX Multidimensional The querying
36. MEMS
Expressions language for OLAP

cubes.

micro- an emerging
electromechanical technology for
systems making
microscopic
machines. Using
microfabrication
technology, MEMS
integrates
actuators,
mechanical
elements, sensors
and electronics on
a common silicon
substrate.

37. MEO Medium/Middle A
Earth Orbit telecommunication
satellite system that
is mainly used for
geographical/global
positioning
systems.

301

A L P H A B E Tm

38. MICR Accessibility a character
recognition system
that uses special ink
and characters. When
a document that
contains this ink
needs to be read, it
passes through a
machine, which
magnetizes the ink
and then translates
the magnetic
information into
characters. The most
common use of the
technology is in the
financial world.
MICR technology is
used by banks.

.

302

A L P H A B E Tm

39. MID- Management A collection of
II Information objects that can be
DataBase II accessed via a
network management
protocol such as
SNMP.

40. MIME Multipurpose Originally a standard
Internet Mail for defining the types
Extensions of files attached to
standard Internet
mail messages. The
MIME standard has
come to be used in
many situations
where one cmputer
programs needs to
communicate with
another program
about what kind of
file is being sent.

303







A L P H A B E Tn

1. NAB Not A Bug Used as a reason
2. NAC when rejecting a bug
report

network NAC process
access evaluates the security
control state of a system or
user as it connects to
the network;
monitors the security
state of systems that
are already
connected.

3. NACHA National A financial industry
Automated organization that
Clearing develops electronic
House solutions to improve
Association the payments system.
Although it has
304 retained the
"NACHA" acronym,
the organization now
uses "NACHA —
The Electronic
Payments
Association" as its
full name.

A L P H A B E Tn

4. NAI Network A network
5. NAK Associates Inc. security vendor
headquartered in
Santa Clara,
California.
now McAfee

Negative The opposite of
acknowledgement the ACK signal. It
or not indicates a
acknowledged message was not
received correctly,
or that the
terminal is not
ready to send.

6. NAM Number The component of
Assignment a wireless phone
Module that holds its
telephone number
and electronic
serial number in
memory.

305

A L P H A B E Tn

7. NaN Not a a value or symbol that
8. NANP Number is usually produced as
the result of an
operation on invalid
input operands,
especially in floating-
point calculations

Identifies The numbering plan
the used in the United
electrical States, Canada,
conditions Bermuda, Puerto Rico,
on the and certain Caribbean
circuit. Islands. The NANP
format is a 10-digit
number that consists of
a 3-digit NPA code
(Area Code), 3-digit
NXX code (Exchange),
and 4-digit code (Line).

306

A L P H A B E Tn

9. NAP network a public network
/ access exchange facility
NAPs points where ISPs can connect
with one another in
10. NAP Network peering arrangements.
Access The NAPs are a key
Protection component of the
Internet backbone
because the connections
within them determine
how traffic is routed.
They are also the points
of most Internet
congestion.

A client feature
supported by Windows
Vista that provides for
monitoring and
isolation of computers
on a Longhorn server-
based network that do
not meet administrator-
defined health status
requirements.

307

A L P H A B E Tn

11. NAS network also known as a "media
access gateway" or a "remote
server access server" (RAS), is
an access control point
for remote users
connecting to a
company's internal
network or to an ISP via
analog modems or
ISDN.

12. NAT Network NAT translates the IP
Address addresses of computers
Translation in a local network to a
single IP address. This
address is often used by
the router that connects
the computers to the
Internet.

13. NAV Norton Symantec AV brand

Anti Virus

308

A L P H A B E Tn

14. NAVSTAR NAVigation the official
15. NBC Satellite government
Timing and name for the
16. NC Ranging satellite system
that supports
GPS devices.

National NBC is an
Broadcasting American
Company commercial
broadcasting
Network television
Computer network and
former radio
309 network
headquartered in
the GE Building
in New York
City's
Rockefeller
Center with
additional major
offices near Los
Angeles and in
Chicago.
An Internet PC
from Oracle,
designed for
Internet use
only.

A L P H A B E Tn

17. NCC Norton Norton Utilities'
Control program by
Center Symantec

18. NCCM Network tools focus on
19. NCI Configuration discovering and
and Change documenting
Management network device
configuration files,
Network auditing changes,
Channel comparing
Interface configurations to
the policy or "gold
standard" for that
device, and
deploying
configuration
updates to
multivendor
network devices.
Identifies the
electrical conditions
on the circuit.

310

A L P H A B E Tn

20. NCp Netware The set of procedures
Core that Novell NOSs use
Protocol to handle all network
client requests.

21. NDC networked A service that goes
22. NDM data center beyond making data
center functionality
available on a network.
An NDC employs
networking technology
to treat multiple data
centers and the network
as a single system to
efficiently access and
process applications.

Network File transmission
Data protocol software.
Mover

311

A L P H A B E Tn

23. NDIS Network Windows
24. NDMP Driver specification for how
Interface communication
Specification protocol programs
(such as TCP/IP) and
Network network device
Data driver should
Management communicate with
Protocol each other.
A standard protocol
312 — proposed by
storage technology
vendors Network
Appliance and
Legato Systems —
that storage
management
applications can use
to back up data in a
network of
heterogeneous
servers. NDMP
defines a standard
agent that can
operate on any file
server, regardless of
hardware platform or
operating system.

A L P H A B E Tn

25. NDP Neighbor a protocol in the Internet
Discovery Protocol Suite used with
Protocol IPv6

26. NDr Non- When an e-mail
Delivery message is composed
Receipt and sent to an invalid e-
mail address the
receiving, or in some
cases the sending, e-
mail server attempts to
send an NDR to the
sender of the e-mail
message, to inform them
that the e-mail address
used is invalid.

313

A L P H A B E Tn

27. NDS Netware Novell's name for
Directory the tree structured
Services hierarchy within
Novell NOSs that
includes all network
resources and
services.

28. NEC National A leading
29. NEMs Electric Code manufacturer and
supplier in all
network commercial
equipment electronics industries
manufacturers worldwide. They
have several
International
manufacturing and
operations locations.

network equipment
manufacturers

314

A L P H A B E Tn

30. NES Nintendo Nintendo is a
Entertainment Japanese company
System that produces very
popular arcade-like
video games that
require their own
dedicated game
equipment.

31. net-J Internet disc In addition to the
jockey development of VJ's
(video jockeys for
music television)
there is also the
performance position
of the Internet disc
jockey (or "net-J").
Many enterprising
webcasters have
begun their own radio
stations broadcasting
strictly over the
Internet.

315

A L P H A B E Tn

32. NetApp Network NETAPP Inc. is a
Appliance major vendor in the
network attached
storage (NAS) arena

33. netbeui NetBios It is an enhanced
34. Netizen Enhanced version of the
User NetBIOS protocol
Interface used by network
operating
systems. Netbeui was
originally designed
by IBM for their Lan
Manager server and
later extended by
Microsoft and Novell.

citizen of someone who uses
the Internet networked resources.
The term connotes
civic responsibility
and participation.

316

A L P H A B E Tn

35. NEXT Near-End an error condition that
Crosstalk can occur when
connectors are attached
to twisted pair cabling.
NEXT is usually
caused by crossed or
crushed wire pairs.

36. NF / Normal the structures and
NFs Forms algorithms to
normalize a relational
database. One can only
describe a database as
having a normal form
if the relationships
between quantities
have been rigorously
defined.

317

A L P H A B E Tn

37. NFC Near-field a short-range,
communication wireless, personal-
area technology
designed to interact
with consumer
electronics, mobile
devices and PCs.

38. NFI Near Field Touch screen
39. NGC Imaging where the screen
itself is the sensor.
Next Generation NFI uses a
Communications sophisticated
sensing circuit that
can detect a
conductive object -
a finger or
conductive stylus -
through a layer of
glass, as well as
through gloves or
other potential
barriers
Next Generation
Communications

318

A L P H A B E Tn

40. NGN Next- a broad term to
Generation describe some key
Network architectural evolutions
in telecommunication
core and access
networks that will be
deployed before 2020.
The idea is that one
network transports all
information and
services by
encapsulating these
into packets, as on the
Internet.

41. NHIN Nationwide An interoperable
Health network based on
Information standards that is across
Network the nation and enables
the secure exchange of
heath information.

319

A L P H A B E Tn

42. NHM Next an Internet content
Human service operator
Network headquartered in
Seongnam, South
Korea and established
in 1998. It operates
the Naver portal,
which is the most
popular Internet portal
and search engines in
South Korea,
and Hangame, the
country's number one
online game portal.

43. NHRP Next Hop Protocol used by
Resolution routers to dynamically
Protocol discover the MAC
address of other routers
and hosts connected to
an NBMA network.

320

A L P H A B E Tn

44. NIC Network Pronounced "nick,"
Interface this is the card that
Card physically makes the
connection between
the computer and the
network cable. These
cards typically use an
Ethernet connection
and are available in
10, 100, and 1000
Base-T configurations.

45. nicad nickel- a type of rechargeable
cadmium battery formerly used
in laptop computers.
Nickel-cadmium
batteries are toxic and
should not be
discarded in ordinary
trash.

321

A L P H A B E Tn

46. NICAM Accessibility A technique for
including digital
audio when
broadcasting
analogue TV.
NICAM is intended
to provide CD
quality stereo for
TV broadcasts.
Basically it is a
digital sound TV
carrier signal said to
be very robust, even
when analogue
reception was poor.
In reality this was
not the case and in
areas where signal
strength was poor,
switching to mono
gave favourable
results like on FM
radio broadcasts

322

A L P H A B E Tn

47. NICE Narrative, Rechargeable battery
Immersive, technology
Collaborative
Environment

48. NILO Network Boot Linux,
Interface FreeBSD, Windows
LOader 95/98/NT4 and
support the Intel PXE
standard, and is
suitable for burning
into ROM. It is an
evolution of the
previous Etherboot
and Netboot projects.

323

A L P H A B E Tn

49. NIM Network the interface
50. ADTA Interface provided, up to two
Module per carrier, for the
PSTN used by V.32
dial backup modules
(DBMs) and
dial/lease modems,
and for the switched
56 kbps digital
service used by the 2-
wire and 4-wire
switched 56 DBMs.

Application- batteries do not suffer
to- from the memory
Application effect as the NiCad
counterpart.
Compared to a NiCad
battery of equal size,
NiMH batteries run
for 30% longer on
each charge cycle.

324

A L P H A B E Tn

51. NIP Non- A printer that prints
Impact without striking the
Printer paper; for example, a
laser printer or an inkjet
printer. Non-impact
printers are quieter than
impact printers, such as
dot matrix or daisy
wheel printers.

52. NJE network In object distribution, an
job entry entry in the network job
table that specifies the
system action required
for incoming network
jobs sent by a particular
user or group of users.

325

A L P H A B E Tn

53. NLA Network Enables Windows
Location Sockets 2 applications
Awareness to identify the logical
network to which a
Windows computer is
attached and to which
physical network
interface a given
application has saved
specific information

54. NLB Network A clustering technology
Load from Microsoft allowing
Balancing network traffic to be
evenly distributed
across a number of
servers. It also helps to
provide high availability
by detecting host
failures and rerouting
traffic to one of the
available servers.

326

A L P H A B E Tn

55. NLM Network a key component of
Lifecycle the HP Business
Management Service Management
(BSM) offering,
which reduces service
disruptions by
improving visibility
into the performance
of networks and
systems. HP Software
Network Management
Center provides NLM
for automation.

56. NLOS Near Line Used to describe radio
OF Sight transmission across a
path that is partially
obstructed, usually by
a physical object.
Many types of radio
transmissions depend
on line-of-sight
between the
transmitter and
receiver.

327

A L P H A B E Tn

57. NLP Natural refers to the computer
language understanding, analysis,
processing manipulation, and/or
generation of natural
language. NLP is a
subfield of artificial
intelligence and
linguistics. It studies the
problems of automated
generation and
understanding of natural
human languages.

58. NLQ Near Letter Print quality almost as
Quality good as an electric
typewriter; quality
similar to a cloth-ribbon
typewriter. The
characters are legible
but not sharp. Some dot
matrix printers print
NLQ.

328

A L P H A B E Tn

59. NLSP Novell Link The equivalent of
60. NLSR State Open Shortest Path
61. NMC Protocol First (OSPF) /o for
IPX /i RIP /r and SAP
services. Much more
efficient in its use of
bandwidth and
improved stability.

Natural This is a computer's
language ability to convert
speech spoken input into text,
recognition or to interpret spoken
commands. Special
software is used to
digitize vocal sounds
and compares them
with a library of
sound patterns.

Network an operations center
Management used to manage
Center network resources
such as the MSC,
location registers and
base stations.

329

A L P H A B E Tn

62. NMI nonmaskable An interrupt that
63. NMOS interrupt cannot be disabled.
Known as a trap
(on some Intel
processors), as a
level 7 interrupt
(Motorola), or by
other names.

Negative- A semiconductor
channel Metal technology that
Oxide uses negatively
Semiconductor charged base
material. NMOS
circuits are used
with logic and
memory chips.

64. NNI network-to- A term used to
network denote the
interface interface between
two public frame
330 relay or
asynchronous
transfer mode
(ATM) networks.

A L P H A B E Tn

65. no- no A machine instruction
op operation that does nothing in
itself, but holds a place
66. NOC Network for an instruction to be
Operations entered later. Also
Center called do-nothing
operation.

It is the central location
where a company's
servers and networking
equipment are located.
The NOC may reside
either within a
company's campus or at
an external location.

67. NOS Network An operating system
Operating which makes it possible
System for computers to be on a
network, and manages
the different aspects of
the network.

331

A L P H A B E Tn

68. NPC North Pacific NPC is cable system

Cable that connect USA

and Japan

69. NPDA Network An IBM host- based
Problem program designed to
Determination aid in the isolation
Application and diagnosis of
network problems.

70. NPI National A system for
Provider classifying all
Identifier providers of health
care services,
supplies, and
equipment
covered
under HIPAA.

332

A L P H A B E Tn

71. NPP Network A non-proprietary
72. NPU Payment standard governing how
Protocol BIPS-enabled client
software interfaces with
Network bank payment
Processor processing systems.
NPP messages are in
Extensible Markup
Language (XML) and
begin with a Bank
Internet Payment
System (BIPS) XML
header.

similar to a
microprocessor or CPU,
is specially deisgned for
use in applications
involving network
routing and packet
processing. Many
network processors
feature multiple RISC
CPUs running in
parallel.

333

A L P H A B E Tn

73. NRM normal An operational mode of
response an unbalanced data link
mode in which the secondary
station starts
transmission only as the
result of receiving
explicit permission, by
polling, from the
primary station.

74. NRZ Non Return a type of data stream
to Zero where successive data
pulses "ones" are
continuous over several
clock cycles without
returning to the "zero"
state between
successive "ones".

334

A L P H A B E Tn

75. NRZI Non- Also known as "invert-
Return to on-zero" coding, NRZI
Zero is an SDLC encoding
Inverted technique where a
change in state
represents a binary 0
and no change in state
represents a binary 1.

76. NSI Network the organization that,
Solutions, until 1998, had sole
Inc responsibility for
maintaining the registry
of TLDs ending in
.com, .net, and .org,
under a contract with
the United States
Government.

335

A L P H A B E Tn

77. NSLU2 Network a NAS device made
Strorage by Linksys
Link for introduced in 2004
USB 2 and discontinued in
2008. It makes USB
Flash memory and
hard disks accessible
over a network using
the SMB protocol.

78. NT New Specifically refers to
Technology Microsoft's Windows
NT 3.5 and NT 4
Windows operating
systems. Later
versions of Windows
are built on NT,
which is why
references to NT
remain in later
versions of Windows.

336

A L P H A B E Tn

79. NTCIP National a family of
80. NTFS Transportation standards
Communications designed to
for Intelligent achieve
Transportation interoperability
System Protocol and
interchangeability
New between
Technology File computers and
System electronic traffic
control
equipment from
different
manufacturers.
The NTFS file
system used in
Windows NT,
Windows 2000
and Windows
Server 2003.
NTFS file system
allows
permissions to be
assigned to
individual files
and folders.

337







1. O2O: Online To The term O2O was first
Offline coined by Alex Rampell,
CEO and founder of
TrialPay, in a 2010
TechCrunch article.

2. OAAM Oracle Oracle entered the Web
Adaptive fraud detection market in
Access July 2007, with the
Manager acquisition of Bharosa,
and has integrated the
renamed product that
consists of fraud
detection and user
authentication software

3. OADM Optical In telecom parlance, a
Add/Drop Single Channel OADM
Multiplexer is used for utilised for
adding or dropping
single wavelength
in DWDM optical
networks.

338

4. OAM object access There are eleven
method letters between the
5. OAM / "a" and the "y".
OA&M /
OAM&P Operations, A set of network
Administation, management
and functions for ATM
Management similar to those in
(and OA&M and
Provisioning) OAM&P. Special
cells, called OAM
cells, are used to
carry OAM related
information

6. OASIS Organization An international
for the nonprofit consortium
Advancement that promotes open,
of Structured collaborative
Information development of e-
Standards business
specifications based
339 on public standards
such as Extensible
Markup Language
(XML).

7. OAT Outside Air This is used in the
8. OATH Temperature electronics industry to
mean the ambient air
temperature of the air
mass surrounding the
unit in discussion.

Object- a class library for C++
oriented from Texas Instruments.
Abstract
Type
Hierarchy

9. OBDR One Button This allows the tape

Disaster drive to be switched into

Recovery disaster recovery mode -

where its firmware

emulates a bootable CD-

ROM allowing the

system to boot from the

tape device and restore

the system from the last

340 backup.

10. OBEX: OBject Set of protocols
11. OBI EXchange allowing objects such as
12. OBIEE vCard contact
information and
vCalendar schedule
entries to be exchanged
using either IrDA or
Bluetooth

Open A standard for Internet-
Buying on based procurement
the Internet created by a U.S.
consortium of vendors
formed in October 1996,
which released v.1.0 of
OBI specification the
following year. In 1998,
the consortium placed
the management of the
specification under
CommerceNet.

Oracle BI Oracle BI product
Enterprise
Edition

341