E- UTBK - Pangsoed 2020

2. According so Snyder et al, caffeine differs from adenosine in that caffeine
A. stimulates behavior in the mouse and in humans, whereas adenosine stimulates behavior in
humans only
B. has mixed effects in the brain, whereas adenosine has only a stimulatory effect
C. increases cyclic AMP concentrations in target neurons, whereas adenosine decreases such
concentrations
D. permits release of neurotransmitters when it is bound to adenosine receptors, whereas
adenosine inhibits such release
E. inhibits both neuron firing and the production of phosphodiesterase when there is a
sufficient concentration in the brain, whereas adenosine inhibits only neuron firing

3. In response to experimental results concerning IBMX, Snyder et al contended that it is not
uncommon for psychoactive drugs to have
A. mixed effects in the brain
B. inhibitory effects on enzymes in the brain
C. close structural relationships with caffeine
D. depressive effects on mouse locomotion
E. the ability to dislodge caffeine from receptors in the brain

4. According to Snyder et al, all of the following compounds can bind to specific receptors in the
brain EXCEPT
A. IBMX
B. caffeine
C. adenosine
D. theophylline
E. phosphodiesterase

5. Snyder et al suggest that caffeine’s ability to bind to A1 and A2 receptors can be at least partially
attributed to which of the following?
A. The chemical relationship between caffeine and phosphodiesterase
B. The structural relationship between caffeine and adenosine
C. The structural similarity between caffeine and neurotransmitters
D. The ability of caffeine to stimulate behavior
E. The natural occurrence of caffeine and adenosine in the brain

Read the passage below.
Archaeology as a profession faces two major problems.

First, it is the poorest of the poor. Only paltry sums are available for excavating and even less is
available for publishing the results and preserving the sites once excavated. Yet archaeologists deal
with priceless objects every day.
Second, there is the problem of illegal excavation, resulting in museum-quality pieces being sold to
the highest bidder.

I would like to make an outrageous suggestion that would at one stroke provide funds for
archaeology and reduce the amount of illegal digging. I would propose that scientific archeological
expeditions and governmental authorities sell excavated artifacts on the open market. Such sales
would provide substantial funds for the excavation and preservation of archaeological sites and the
publication of results. At the same time, they would break the illegal excavator’s grip on the market,
thereby decreasing the inducement to engage in illegal activities.

26

You might object that professionals excavate to acquire knowledge, not money. Moreover,
ancient artifacts are part of our global cultural heritage, which should be available for all to
appreciate, not sold to the highest bidder. I agree. Sell nothing that has unique artistic merit or
scientific value. But, you might reply, everything that comes out of the ground has scientific value.
Here we part company. Theoretically, you may be correct in claiming that every artifact has potential
scientific value. Practically, you are wrong.

I refer to the thousands of pottery vessels and ancient lamps that are essentially duplicates
of one another. In one small excavation in Cyprus, archaeologists recently uncovered 2,000 virtually
indistinguishable small jugs in a single courtyard, even precious royal seal impressions known as
melekh handles have been found in abundance — more than 4,000 examples so far.

The basement of museums is simply not large enough to store the artifacts that are likely to
be discovered in the future. There is not enough money even to catalogue the finds; as a result, they
cannot be found again and become as inaccessible as if they had never been discovered. Indeed,
with the help of a computer, sold artifacts could be more accessible than are the pieces stored in
bulging museum basements. Prior to sale, each could be photographed and the list of the purchasers
could be maintained on the computer A purchaser could even be required to agree to return the
piece if it should become needed for scientific purposes. It would be unrealistic to suggest that illegal
digging would stop if artifacts were sold in the open market. But the demand for the clandestine
product would be substantially reduced. Who would want an unmarked pot when another was
available whose provenance was known, and that was dated stratigraphically by the professional
archaeologist who excavated it?

6. The primary purpose of the passage is to propose
A. an alternative to museum display of artifacts
B. a way to curb illegal digging while benefiting the archaeological profession
C. a way to distinguish artifacts with the scientific value from those that have no such value
D. the governmental regulation of archaeological sites
E. a new system for cataloging duplicate artifacts

7. The author implies that all of the following statements about duplicate artifacts are true EXCEPT:
A. A market for such artifacts already exists.
B. Such artifacts seldom have scientific value.
C. There is likely to be a continuing supply of such artifacts.
D. Museums are well supplied with examples of such artifacts.
E. Such artifacts frequently exceed in quality in comparison to those already cataloged in
museum collections

8. Which of the following is mentioned in the passage as a disadvantage of storing artifacts in
museum basements?
A. Museum officials rarely allow scholars access to such artifacts.
B. Space that could be better used for display is taken up for storage.
C. Artifacts discovered in one excavation often become separated from each other.
D. Such artifacts are often damaged by variations in temperature and humidity.
E. Such artifacts’ often remain uncatalogued and thus cannot be located once they are put in
storage

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9. The author’s argument concerning the effect of the official sale of duplicate artifacts on illegal
excavation is based on which of the following assumptions?
A. Prospective purchasers would prefer to buy authenticated artifacts.
B. The price of illegally excavated artifacts would rise.
C. Computers could be used to trace sold artifacts.
D. Illegal excavators would be forced to sell only duplicate artifacts.
E. Money gained from selling authenticated artifacts could be used to investigate and
prosecute illegal excavators

10. The author anticipates which of the following initial objections to the adoption of his proposal?
A. Museum officials will become unwilling to store artifacts.
B. An oversupply of salable artifacts will result and the demand for them will fall.
C. Artifacts that would have been displayed in public places will be sold to private collectors.
D. Illegal excavators will have an even larger supply of artifacts for resale.
E. Counterfeiting of artifacts will become more commonplace “I visited Bandung Institute
Technology last week.”

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SOAL LATIHAN 6

Read the passage below.
Despite the road improvements of the turnpike era (1790-1830). Americans continued as in

colonial times to depend wherever possible on water routes for travel and transportation. The larger
rivers, especially the Mississippi and the Ohio, became increasingly useful as steamboats grew in
number and improved in design.

River boats carried to New Orleans the corn and other crops of northwestern farmers, the
cotton and tobacco of southwestern planters. From New Orleans, ships took the cargoes on to
eastern seaports. Neither the farmers of the west nor the merchants of the east were completely
satisfied with this pattern of trade. Farmers could get better prices for their crops if the alternative
existed of sending them directly eastward to market and merchants could sell larger quantities of
their manufactured goods if these could be transported more directly and more economically to the
west.

New waterways were needed. Sectional jealousies and constitutional scruples stood in the
way of action by the federal government and necessary expenditures were too great for private
enterprise. If extensive canals were to be dug, the job would be up to the various states.

New York was the first to act. It had the natural advantage of a comparatively level route
between the Hudson River and Lake Erie, through the only break in the entire Appalachian Mountain
chain. Yet the engineering tasks were imposing. The distance was more than 350 miles and there
were ridges to cross and a wilderness of woods and swamps to penetrate. The Erie Canal begun in
1817 and completed in 1825, was by far the greatest construction job that Americans had ever
undertaken. It quickly proved a financial success as well. The prosperity of the Erie encouraged the
state to enlarge its canal system by building several branches.

The range of the New York canal system was still further extended when the states of Ohio
and Indiana, inspired by the success of the Erie Canal, provided water connections between Lake
Erie and the Ohio River.

1. What does the passage suggest was the principal route for transporting crops to the east prior
in 1825?
A. River to road
B. Canal to River
C. River to ocean
D. Road to canal

2. It can be inferred from the passage that shipping cargo east by way of New Orleans was
A. Advantageous from manufacturers
B. Inexpensive for merchants
C. Not economical for farmers
D. Considered economical by the government

3. The word "alternative" in line 9 is closest in meaning to
A. Option
B. Transition
C. Intention
D. Authorization

29

4. The word "them"in line 9 refers to
A. Crops
B. Farmers
C. Prices
D. Merchants

5. Which of the following products would a northwestern farmer in the early nineteenth century
be most likely to purchase from the east?
A. Grain
B. Vegetables
C. Textiles
D. Fruit

6. According to the passage,where was the Erie Canal located?
A. Between Ohio dan Indiana
B. Along the Appalachian Mountains
C. Between lake Erie and the Ohio River
D. Across New York state.

7. The word"imposing"in line 18 could best be replaced by
A. Impractical
B. Succesfull
C. Demanding
D. Misleading

8. The word"penetrate"in line 20 is closest in meaning to
A. Cut down
B. Go through
C. Fill up
D. Take over

9. The word"its" in line 23 refers to
A. Prosperity
B. Erie
C. System
D. State

10. The word"extended"in line 24 is closest in meaning to
A. Increased
B. Constructed
C. Deepened
D. Measured

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SOAL LATIHAN 7

Read the passage below.
For the agent, however, reason is the heart of the matter. And the heart of the matter is the

reason for the civitas, whether it is vocalized or not. What is at stake in what I do is the kind of
person I become. What is at stake in what we do is the kind of city we inhabit. In both the individual
and the social variation of that mantra, familiar from virtue ethics, every action is the conclusion of
a practical syllogism; it carries with it an argument, and the argument underwrites both character
and civitas. The relationship is circular: character forms and is formed by every action, and each
action tends to confirm the character of the agent. And the city forms and is formed by the
characters it contains. When Paine says that the long habit of not thinking a thing wrong creates the
superficial impression of its being right, he brings to our attention the fact that the long habit of not
thinking a thing wrong makes it unlikely that we will think to change it. The shape of the city, like
the shape of character, is a counterweight to change. On the positive side, this makes cities and
characters relatively stable; and it gives us some idea what to expect of them if we have been paying
attention. On the negative side, this renders characters and cities largely impervious to reason. Time
makes more converts than reason, but time also tends, for better or worse, to confirm reasons of
the heart that reason cannot know. What passes as stability may simply be inertia.

Revolutionary theory turns on this question: is it stability or is it inertia? Either way, change
is–and should be–difficult. For conservative theorists such as Burke, this translates into gradualism.
The civitas changes in the manner of an organism, maturing in time and evolving across generations.
Sudden change is the exception, not the rule. And, to a large extent, revolutionary theorists agree.
Jefferson felt obliged to document a long pattern of abuse as justification for a single violent act.
David Walker, writing with Jefferson in mind and partly in response to his Notes on the State of
Virginia, followed the same pattern. Thoreau urged readers to let the ordinary friction of civil society
pass and reserve disobedience for consistent affronts to human dignity. The African National
Congress documented centuries of abuse before turning to armed resistance. Jefferson and Mao
Zedong both asserted that every generation needed its own revolution, but, even so, they agreed
that every revolution required reason. The whole world, for Jefferson, is a court before which the
revolutionary has to make a case. That the New Left in the United States took up this Jeffersonian
approach is reflected in its most simplified form by the chant “the whole world is watching” that
framed demonstrations in Chicago in 1968. That the actions were (and are) called demonstrations
suggests, at least, an audience and something to be demonstrated. Both revolution and war are put
forward as rhetorical strategies within an argument that involves the world as a whole. Drawing the
whole world into every act of violence may partly explain why “local” wars and revolutions have
escalated into global conflicts. But my point here is to focus on rhetorical strategy in the context of
an argument. Thoreau was convinced that no act was rhetorically insignificant, and both Gandhi and
King followed him in this. The most revolutionary act in Gandhi’s account was spinning the thread
with which to make the clothes one wore. And this is critical to civil disobedience as a rhetorical
strategy.

One common thread in rational justifications for war and revolution is the documentation of
violence and abuse against which war or revolution is a reaction. War and revolution are invariably
depicted as last resorts: they are justified when there is nothing else to be done. This is hardly
surprising, since the strongest argument demonstrates a necessary conclusion. If the conclusion is
necessary, then disagreement with it is nonsensical.

31

Based on the Passage, answer the following questions:
1. According to the author, what is the final outcome of a perpetual revolution included in civil

disobedience?
A. Perpetual revolution led to another revolution as it suggests that Revolution is not a

conclusion.
B. The visualization and Nurturing of a new political framework.
C. Perpetual revolution led to another revolution as it suggests that Revolution can never be

more than provisionally justified.
D. Both A & C

2. Which of the following examples, if true, closely parallels one of the arguments brought about
in the first paragraph of the passage?
A. Sachin has never got out to a short ball. So he thinks he has the right technique to handle
short balls and doesn’t want to change it.
B. Dhoni has never missed a stumping while keeping. So he believes that his stance while
keeping is correct.
C. Murali has never been called for illegal action by umpires. So he doesn’t want to change his
legal action now.
D. Dickie bird has never given a wrong decision. So he sees no reason in changing his decision
making process.

3. With which of the following argument is the author non committal in the entire passage?
A. Revolution and war are put forward as rhetorical strategies within an argument
B. Sudden change is not a law but an exemption
C. Perpetual revolution is not a conclusion but a step in the argument
D. Local wars and revolutions escalating into global conflicts.

4. The following statements find support from the lines in the passage except
A. David Walker, a revolutionary like Jefferson agreed with the views of Jefferson
B. Thoreau, the most consistent revolutionary, urged people to reserve disobedience for
consistent affronts to human dignity
C. Mao and Jefferson were good revolutionaries who never let the revolutionary flame die
down.
D. Since war and revolution was deemed as a necessary conclusion to end violence and abuse
disagreement with it was nonsensical.

Read the passage below.
Archaeology as a profession faces two major problems.
First, it is the poorest of the poor. Only paltry sums are available for excavating and even less

is available for publishing the results and preserving the sites once excavated. Yet archaeologists
deal with priceless objects every day.

Second, there is the problem of illegal excavation, resulting in museum-quality pieces being
sold to the highest bidder.
I would like to make an outrageous suggestion that would at one stroke provide funds for
archaeology and reduce the amount of illegal digging. I would propose that scientific archeological
expeditions and governmental authorities sell excavated artifacts on the open market. Such sales
would provide substantial funds for the excavation and preservation of archaeological sites and the
publication of results. At the same time, they would break the illegal excavator’s grip on the market,
thereby decreasing the inducement to engage in illegal activities.

32

You might object that professionals excavate to acquire knowledge, not money. Moreover,
ancient artifacts are part of our global cultural heritage, which should be available for all to
appreciate, not sold to the highest bidder. I agree. Sell nothing that has unique artistic merit or
scientific value. But, you might reply, everything that comes out of the ground has scientific value.
Here we part company. Theoretically, you may be correct in claiming that every artifact has potential
scientific value. Practically, you are wrong.

I refer to the thousands of pottery vessels and ancient lamps that are essentially duplicates
of one another. In one small excavation in Cyprus, archaeologists recently uncovered 2,000 virtually
indistinguishable small jugs in a single courtyard, even precious royal seal impressions known as
melekh handles have been found in abundance — more than 4,000 examples so far.
The basement of museums is simply not large enough to store the artifacts that are likely to be
discovered in the future. There is not enough money even to catalogue the finds; as a result, they
cannot be found again and become as inaccessible as if they had never been discovered. Indeed,
with the help of a computer, sold artifacts could be more accessible than are the pieces stored in
bulging museum basements. Prior to sale, each could be photographed and the list of the purchasers
could be maintained on the computer A purchaser could even be required to agree to return the
piece if it should become needed for scientific purposes. It would be unrealistic to suggest that illegal
digging would stop if artifacts were sold in the open market. But the demand for the clandestine
product would be substantially reduced. Who would want an unmarked pot when another was
available whose provenance was known, and that was dated stratigraphically by the professional
archaeologist who excavated it?

6. The primary purpose of the passage is to propose
A. an alternative to museum display of artifacts
B. a way to curb illegal digging while benefiting the archaeological profession
C. a way to distinguish artifacts with the scientific value from those that have no such value
D. the governmental regulation of archaeological sites

7. The author implies that all of the following statements about duplicate artifacts are true
EXCEPT:
A. A market for such artifacts already exists.
B. Such artifacts seldom have scientific value.
C. There is likely to be a continuing supply of such artifacts.
D. Such artifacts frequently exceed in quality in comparison to those already cataloged in
museum collections

8. Which of the following is mentioned in the passage as a disadvantage of storing artifacts in
museum basements?
A. Museum officials rarely allow scholars access to such artifacts.
B. Space that could be better used for display is taken up for storage.
C. Artifacts discovered in one excavation often become separated from each other.
D. Such artifacts’ often remain uncatalogued and thus cannot be located once they are put in
storage

33

9. The author’s argument concerning the effect of the official sale of duplicate artifacts on illegal
excavation is based on which of the following assumptions?
A. Prospective purchasers would prefer to buy authenticated artifacts.
B. The price of illegally excavated artifacts would rise.
C. Computers could be used to trace sold artifacts.
D. Illegal excavators would be forced to sell only duplicate artifacts.

10. The author anticipates which of the following initial objections to the adoption of his proposal?
A. Museum officials will become unwilling to store artifacts.
B. An oversupply of salable artifacts will result and the demand for them will fall.
C. Artifacts that would have been displayed in public places will be sold to private collectors.
D. Illegal excavators will have an even larger supply of artifacts for resale.

34