Approved by Government of Nepal, Ministry of Education, Curriculum
Development Centre, Sanothimi, Bhaktapur as an additional material
Green
Science
Health and Physical Education
2
Editor
Dr. Deepak Chand
M.Sc. (TU, Kirtipur, Kathmandu)
Ph.D. (University of Idaho, USA)
Author
Bishnu Prasad Bhatt
M.Sc. (TU, Kirtipur, Kathmandu)
Lalitpur, Nepal, Tel: 977-1-5529899
E-mail: [email protected]
www.greenbooks.com.np
Name : ....................................................................
Class : .......................... Roll No. : ...................
Section : ..................................................................
School : ...................................................................
Green
Science 2Health and Physical Education
Publisher: Green Books
Copyright: Author and editor (2074 BS)
All rights reserved. No part of this book may
be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or
transmitted in any form or by any means without
prior permission in writing from the author and
editor.
Edition
First : B.S. 2074 (2017 AD)
Reprint : B.S. 2075 (2018 AD)
Illustrator
Prakash Samir
Layout
The Focus Computer
[email protected]
Printed in Nepal
Preface
It gives me an immense pleasure in presenting this book- Green
Science, Health and Physical Education for class 2. This book
has been written specially to meet the requirements of the
new syllabus introduced by Government of Nepal, Ministry
of Education, Curriculum Development Centre, Sano Thimi,
Bhaktapur, Nepal.
My aim and effort while writing this book is to help students
understand, enjoy and appreciate the fascinating subject of
Science, Health and Physical Education by making the process of
learning enjoyable and stimulating. I have attempted to present
the subject matter covering the entire prescribed syllabus in a
simple language and interesting style with a large number of
illustrative examples to master the fundamental principles of
Science, Health and Physical Education. Each unit of the book
has been carefully planned to make it student-friendly and
present the subject matter in an interesting, understandable and
enjoyable manner. A Structural Programme Learning Approach
(SPLA) has been followed and exhaustive exercises are given
at the end of each unit to test knowledge, understanding and
applications of concepts taught/learnt.
The text is supplemented with weighting distribution, learning
objectives, word power, teaching instructions, sample test
papers and a large number of well-labelled accurate pictures. I
sincerely hope that this book will serve its intended purpose and
be received enthusiastically by both the students and teachers
concerned.
I wish to express my sincere gratitude to Green Books Team for
publishing this book. My hearty thanks go to Focus Computer
for excellent type setting and layout.
I also wish to acknowledge my great indebtedness to many
teachers for their valuable suggestions and advice concerning
the textbook. I am confident that as a result of their suggestions
this book will be more useful than any other textbooks. However,
sympathetic criticisms and constructive suggestions for further
improvement of the book, if any, will be welcomed and with
warm regards incorporated in the subsequent editions.
Author
Kathmandu, Nepal
September 2017
Contents
Science and Environment
1. Living Beings and Their Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2. Habitats of Animals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
3. Domestic and Wild Animals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
4. Food of Animals and Their Feeding Habit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
5. Movement of Animals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
6. Different Types of Plants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
7. Different Parts of a Plant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
8. Food from Plants and Animals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
9. Our Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
10. Objects of Different Shapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
11. Matter of Different Colour, Taste and Smell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
12. Hard and Soft Substances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
13. Sources of Heat and Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
14. Uses of Heat and Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
15. The Sunny Day . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
16. Shadow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
17. Our Earth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
18. Day and Night . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
19. Colours of the Sunlight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
Health Education
20. Personal Hygiene . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
21. Good Habit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
22. Cleanliness of House . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
23. Cleanliness of School . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
24. My Food . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
25. Drinking Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
26. Be Safe from Diseases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
27. Safety and First Aid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
28. Health Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
Physical Education
29. Basic and Moving Skills of Physical Exercise . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
30. Exercises at a Fixed Position . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
31. Physical Training . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
32. Drill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170
33. Simple Games . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
34. Local Games . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176
35. Story and Acting Based Games . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
36. Ball Games . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
37. Tumbling and Balancing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186
4 GREEN Science, Health and Physical Education Book-2
Science and Environment unit
Living Beings and 1
Their Features
Weighting Distribution (Approximate)
Teaching periods : 3 Marks (in %): 4.5
Learning Objectives
After completing the study of this unit, students will be able to:
(i) introduce living beings with examples.
(ii) state the features of living beings.
Word Power
living life food
move breathe reproduce
see die survive
swim fly sense
Teaching Instructions
ó Demonstrate some living beings to the students and explain to them
why they are called living beings.
ó Let the students say the examples of living beings one by one.
ó Explain the features of living beings with examples.
ó Let the students perform breathing in the classroom.
ó Demonstrate stomata on leaves to the students.
ó Ask the students to collect some pictures of living things.
ó Evaluate the students asking various questions related to living beings
and their features.
GREEN Science, Health and Physical Education Book-2 5
Living Beings
We see different things around us. Do You Know
Birds, animals, plants, stones, bricks,
insects, and other things are found The things having
around us. Among them birds, life are called living
animals, plants and insects have life. beings. Examples: bird,
So, they are called living beings. fish, cow, earthworm,
man, plant.
Some living beings which are found around us are given below:
Rabbit Elephant Tree Dog
Activity 1
Collect pictures of any five living beings and paste them in
your science notebook.
Non-living things do Do You Know
not have life. They do
not show the features of The things which do not have life are
living beings. called non-living things. Examples:
stone, brick, plastic, soil.
Features of Living Beings
1. Living beings need food.
Living beings need food to survive. They get energy from food.
Animals get food from plants. Green plants can make their own
food.
6 GREEN Science, Health and Physical Education Book-2
A man is eating rice. A sheep is eating grass. A tiger is eating flesh.
2. Living beings move.
Living beings move from one place to another. Most of the animals
move from place to place but most of the plants cannot move. Dog,
cow, goat and tiger move with the help of legs. Bird, butterfly,
honeybee and mosquito move with the help of wings. Fishes swim
with the help of fins.
A dog is running. A bird is flying. Fishes are swimming.
A boy is walking. A tiger is running. A butterfly is flying.
3. Living beings grow.
All animals and plants grow. Most of the animals grow from their
babies. Most of the plants grow from seeds.
GREEN Science, Health and Physical Education Book-2 7
4. Living beings reproduce.
Animals and plants reproduce their own kinds. Animals like dog,
cow and buffalo give birth to their babies. Bird, snake, frog and fish
lay eggs. Most of the plants reproduce through seeds.
A dog with a puppy A woman with a baby A bird with eggs
5. Living beings breathe. Do You Know
All living beings need air to breathe. Stomata are small
Human beings, cows, buffaloes, dogs, holes present on the
birds and snakes breathe through surface of leaves.
lungs. Fishes breathe through gills.
Plants breathe through stomata Green plants breathe
present in their leaves. Insects breathe through stomata.
through air holes or trachea.
Insects breathe
through air holes.
Lungs Gills Stomata
8 GREEN Science, Health and Physical Education Book-2
6. Living beings have sense. Do You Know
All animals and plants have sense. Living beings take
They feel the changes around them. oxygen and release
Animals feel hot, cold and danger. carbon dioxide while
Most animals have five sense organs. breathing.
They are eyes, ears, nose, tongue and
skin. Plants do not have sense organs like animals. But, they also
feel the changes around them. Examples : sunflowers bend towards
the sun, roots of plants grow towards water, etc.
Fire is very hot. A tiger is chasing a deer. A sunflower bends
7. Living beings die. towards the sun.
Living beings do not survive forever. All animals and plants die.
Dead dog Dead fishes Dead tree
Activity 2
Observe any five living beings in your locality.
Observe their activities like movement and sense carefully.
Write down the features of those living beings.
Activity 3
Observe some small plants around your home. Ask your
seniors to measure the height of those plants and keep record.
Measure the height of these plants after two weeks.
What can you conclude from this activity?
GREEN Science, Health and Physical Education Book-2 9
Exercise
1. Tick (√) the best answer from the given alternatives.
a. The things having life are called .....................
animals living things non-living things
b. Cow, dog and cat are the examples of .....................
plants non-living things living things
c. Cow, dog and tiger move with the help of .....................
wings fins legs
d. Human, bird and snake breathe through .....................
gills lungs stomata
2. Put a tick (√) for the correct statement and a cross (×) for the
incorrect one.
a. Living beings do not have life.
b. Non-living things grow.
c. Birds and snakes lay eggs.
d. Animals do not have sense.
3. Fill in the blanks using appropriate words.
a. ........................................................... have life.
b. Birds and butterflies move with the help of ............................
c. A sunflower bends towards the ............................
d. Fishes breathe through ............................
4. Answer the following questions.
a. What are living beings? Give any five examples.
b. Write any three features of living beings.
10 GREEN Science, Health and Physical Education Book-2
c. Write down the breathing organs of : (iv) Bird
(i) Fish (ii) Cow (iii) Insect
d. Name the five sense organs.
5. Match the following. Fish
a. Lungs Plants
b. Gills Insects
c. Stomata Birds
d. Trachea
6. Write the features of the living things indicated by the given
figures.
ab
GREEN Science, Health and Physical Education Book-2 11
Habitats of Animals unit
2
Weighting Distribution (Approximate)
Teaching periods : 3 Marks (in %): 4.5
Learning Objectives
After completing the study of this unit, students will be able to:
(i) name the habitats of some common animals.
(ii) identify the habitats of animals.
Word Power
habitat nest hole web
hive shed stable pen
kennel cage sty den
cave burrow bush grassland
natural extreme
Teaching Instructions
ó Demonstrate the pictures of habitats of different animals.
ó Take the students for a field trip and demonstrate to them the habitats
of animals like cowshed, kennel, nest, beehive, stable, pen, sty, etc. as
far as possible.
ó Ask the students where they keep their dog, cow, goat, pig, horse, etc.
ó Talk about the habitats of some common animals in groups.
ó Evaluate the students asking them various questions related to the
habitats of animals.
12 GREEN Science, Health and Physical Education Book-2
Habitats of Animals
All animals have their own habitat. Do You Know
They need home to live. Home
protects animals from extreme heat, A habitat is a place
cold, rain and enemies. Some animals where living beings
live in their natural homes. Some live.
animals make their homes. We live in houses. We make homes for
some animals.
The habitats of some common animals are given below:
A tiger lives in a den. A fox lives in a cave. Elephants live under trees.
Bees live in a hive. A snake lives in a hole. A rabbit lives in a burrow.
Fishes live in water. A deer lives on a A monkey lives in a tree.
grassland.
GREEN Science, Health and Physical Education Book-2 13
A squirrel lives in a tree. A rat lives in a hole. A spider lives in a web.
Cows are kept in a shed. Goats are kept in a pen. Horses are kept in a
stable.
A dog is kept in a kennel. Pigs are kept in a sty. A parrot is kept in a
cage.
Birds live in a nest. Human beings live in a A whale lives in water.
house.
14 GREEN Science, Health and Physical Education Book-2
Exercise
1. Tick (√) the best answer from the given alternatives.
a. A tiger lives in a ............................
hole den hive
b. Bees live in a ............................
stable hive burrow
c. Goats are kept in a ............................
pen shed cage
d. A dog is kept in a ............................
kennel pen nest
e. A whale lives in ............................
grass land water
2. Put a tick (√) for the correct statement and a cross (×) for the
incorrect one.
a. A fox lives in a cave.
b. A rabbit lives on a tree.
c. A spider lives in a web.
d. A parrot is kept in a kennel.
3. Fill in the blanks using appropriate words.
a. A snake lives in a ............................
b. A deer lives in ............................
c. Cows are kept in a ............................
d. A ............................ is kept in a cave.
e. A rat lives in ............................
GREEN Science, Health and Physical Education Book-2 15
4. Match the following. Web
a. Tiger Stable
b. Fish Sty
c. Spider Den
d. Horse Water
e. Cow Shed
f. Pig
5. Answer the following questions.
a. Where does a tiger live?
b. Where do fishes live?
c. Where do we keep a dog?
d. Where do we keep goats?
e. Name the habitat of pigs.
6. Name the homes of the given animals.
a bc
Project work
ó Observe any ten animals in your locality. Name the homes of
these animals.
ó Name any three animals that you have kept in your home.
Collect pictures of the homes of those animals and paste them
in your notebook.
16 GREEN Science, Health and Physical Education Book-2
Domestic and Wild unit
Animals
3
Weighting Distribution (Approximate)
Teaching periods : 3 Marks (in %): 4.5
Learning Objectives
After completing the study of this unit, students will be able to:
(i) name domestic and wild animals.
(ii) define domestic and wild animals.
Word Power
domestic wild pet farming
transport guard useful forest
wool harmful habitat surroundings
Teaching Instructions
ó Introduce domestic and wild animals to the students with examples.
ó Demonstrate cut-out pictures of some common domestic and wild
animals.
ó Ask the students to define domestic and wild animals with examples.
ó Ask the students to collect some pictures of domestic and wild animals.
ó Evaluate the students asking them various questions related to
domestic and wild animals.
GREEN Science, Health and Physical Education Book-2 17
Domestic and Wild Animals
A variety of animals are found around us. Cat, dog, cow, horse,
goat, sheep, tiger, fox, donkey, bear, lion, zebra, deer and buffalo
are some animals found in our surroundings. On the basis
of their habitat, animals are kept into two groups. They are
(i) Domestic animals and (ii) Wild animals.
(i) Domestic animals
The animals which are kept at our homes are called domestic
animals. Examples: dog, cat, cow, buffalo, goat, sheep, horse, bull,
donkey, pig, yak. Some domestic animals are given below:
Dog Cat Cow Buffalo
Bull Donkey Yak Goat
Domestic animals are very useful to us. Cow and buffalo give us
milk. Buffalo, goat, sheep and chicken give us meat. Rabbit, goat,
sheep and yak give us wool. Horse, donkey and bull are used in
transport. Bulls and buffaloes are used in farming. A dog guards
our home. Some animals like dog, cat and parrot are kept at our
home for company. These animals are called pet animals.
18 GREEN Science, Health and Physical Education Book-2
(ii) Wild animals
The animals which live in the forest are called wild animals.
Examples: tiger, lion, fox, elephant, rhinoceros, bear, giraffe, zebra,
deer, wolf. We do not keep wild animals in our homes. Most wild
animals are dangerous and harmful but some are useful for us.
Some wild animals are given below:
Tiger Lion Fox Elephant
Rhinoceros Bear Zebra Deer
Activity 1
Collect pictures of any five domestic animals and paste them
in your science notebook.
Write the name of domestic animals that you have kept at your
home.
Activity 2
Collect pictures of any five wild animals and paste them in
your science notebook.
Name some wild animals that you have seen so far.
GREEN Science, Health and Physical Education Book-2 19
Exercise
1. Tick (√) the best answer from the given alternatives.
a. The animals that are kept in our homes are called ...............
animals.
domestic wild pet
b. Which of the following is a domestic animal?
lion cow deer
c. The animals that live in the forest are called ............... animals.
pet domestic wild
2. Put a tick (√) for the correct statement and a cross (×) for the
incorrect one.
a. The animals that live in the forest are called domestic
animals.
b. Horse, donkey and bull are used in transport.
c. We keep wild animals in our homes.
d. Animals like dog, cat and parrot are called pet animals.
3. Fill in the blanks using appropriate words.
a. The animals which are kept at our homes are called
...................................................
b. The animals that are kept at our homes for company are
called ..................................................
c. Most ............................ animals are dangerous.
20 GREEN Science, Health and Physical Education Book-2
d. Cow and ............................ give us milk.
4. Match the following. Cat and dog
a. Domestic animals Cow and buffalo
b. Wild animals Tiger and lion
c. Pet animals
5. Answer the following questions.
a. What are domestic animals? Give any three examples.
b. What are wild animals? Give any three examples.
c. What are pet animals? Give any three examples.
6. Name any three animals that give us milk.
7. Name any three animals that are used in transport.
8. Name any three animals that give us meat.
Project work
ó Write the names of any ten animals found in your surroundings.
ó Classify those animals as domestic and wild animals and fill in
the given table.
S. N. Domestic animals S. N. Wild animals
1. 1.
2. 2.
3. 3.
4. 4.
5. 5.
GREEN Science, Health and Physical Education Book-2 21
Food of Animals and unit
Their Feeding Habit 4
Weighting Distribution (Approximate)
Teaching periods : 4 Marks (in %): 6
Learning Objectives
After completing the study of this unit, students will be able to:
(i) name the food of some common animals.
(ii) state the feeding habits of different animals.
Word Power
feeding habit herbivores carnivores
suck seeds
omnivores flesh swallow tear
grains chew
parasite bite
Teaching Instructions
ó Take the students for a field trip and demonstrate the food and feeding
habits of some domestic animals. Describe to them how these animals
eat food.
ó Demonstrate cut-out pictures of some wild animals and explain their
food and feeding habits to the students.
ó Introduce herbivores, carnivores and omnivores to the students with
examples.
ó Facilitate the concept of parasites to the students taking leech,
mosquito, bedbug, etc. as examples.
ó Evaluate the students asking them various questions related to food
and feeding habits of animals.
22 GREEN Science, Health and Physical Education Book-2
Food of Animals and their Feeding Habit
A variety of animals are found around us. They eat different types
of food. They differ in their feeding habits also. Some animals eat
only plants. Some animals eat only meat or flesh of other animals
and some animals eat both plants and flesh.
On the basis of their feeding habit, animals are of three types. They
are (i) Herbivores (ii) Carnivores and (iii) Omnivores.
(i) Herbivores Do You Know
Some animals like cow, buffalo, goat, The animals that eat
sheep, deer and zebra eat only plants. only plants are called
herbivores.
These animals are called herbivores. Examples: cow, goat,
They eat grass, leaves, twigs, fruits sheep, deer, rabbit.
and seeds of plants. Herbivores have
strong front teeth for biting and cutting plants.
Some birds like sparrow, pigeon and hen feed on grains of plants.
Butterfly and honeybee suck nectar of flowers.
Some herbivores and their feeding habits are given below:
A cow is grazing. A sheep is eating grass. A zebra is eating grass.
A buffalo is grazing. A deer is eating grass. A donkey is eating grass.
GREEN Science, Health and Physical Education Book-2 23
A rabbit is eating grass. A butterfly is sucking Hens and cocks are
nectar. eating grains.
(ii) Carnivores
Some animals like tiger, lion, vulture, Do You Know
eagle, hawk, crocodile and kingfisher
eat only flesh of other animals. These The animals that eat
animals are called carnivores. only flesh are called
carnivores. Examples:
Tiger, lion, snake,
Carnivores bite, tear and chew their lizard, eagle, vulture,
food. They have long and pointed etc.
teeth to tear flesh. Some carnivores like snake, lizard and frog eat
insects and worms. They swallow small animals as a whole.
Some carnivores with their feeding habits are given below:
A tiger is eating flesh. A lion is eating flesh. A vulture is tearing flesh.
A crocodile is eating fish. A frog is eating an insect. A snake is eating a rat.
24 GREEN Science, Health and Physical Education Book-2
(iii) Omnivores Do You Know
Some animals like man, crow, dog, The animals that eat
cat, bear, hen and fox eat both plants both plants and flesh
and flesh. These animals are called are called omnivores.
omnivores. They have strong teeth for Examples: dog, cat,
cutting, tearing and chewing their food. bear, fox, etc.
Some animals like mosquito, leech, bedbug and liverfluke suck
blood of other animals. These animals are called parasites.
A dog is eating flesh. A dog is eating rice. A crow is eating grains.
A crow is eating meat. A bear is eating flesh. A bear is eating plants.
A mosquito is sucking A leech is sucking blood. A man is eating food.
blood.
Exercise
1. Tick (√) the best answer from the given alternatives.
a. The animals that eat only plants are called ........................
herbivores carnivores omnivores
GREEN Science, Health and Physical Education Book-2 25
b. The animals that eat only flesh are called ........................
herbivores carnivores omnivores
c. Omnivores feed on ........................
only flesh only plants both plants and flesh
d. Which of the following is a parasite?
tiger goat mosquito
2. Put a tick (√) for the correct statement and a cross (×) for the
incorrect one.
a. Herbivores eat only flesh.
b. Cow and buffalo are called carnivores.
c. Bear and crow eat both plants and flesh.
d. Mosquito and leech suck the blood of other animals.
3. Match the following. Leech and mosquito
a. Herbivores Bear and crow
b. Carnivores Cow and goat
c. Omnivores Tiger and lion
d. Parasites
4. Fill in the blanks using appropriate words.
a. ............................ eat only plants.
b. Carnivores eat only ............................
c. ............................ have sharp and pointed teeth.
d. Omnivores eat both ............................ and ............................
e. Honey bee sucks nectar from ............................
26 GREEN Science, Health and Physical Education Book-2
5. Answer the following questions.
a. What are three types of animals on the basis of feeding habit?
b. What are herbivores? Write any three examples.
c. What are carnivores? Write any three examples.
d. What are omnivores? Write any three examples.
e. What are parasites? Write any three examples.
6. Name the food of the given animals. c
ab
d ef
Project work
ó Observe any ten animals in your surroundings.
ó Observe their feeding habits and fill in the given table.
Herbivores Carnivores Omnivores
GREEN Science, Health and Physical Education Book-2 27
unit
Movement of Animals 5
Weighting Distribution (Approximate)
Teaching periods : 2 Marks (in %): 3
Learning Objectives
After completing the study of this unit, students will be able to:
(i) define the term 'movement'.
(ii) describe the movement of some common animals.
Word Power walk run food
movement climb fly shelter
jump legs wings fins
swim feet crawl
web
Teaching Instructions
ó Show cut-out pictures of some common animals and describe how
these animals move from one place to another.
ó Take the students for a field trip and demonstrate the movement of
some domestic animals, birds, insects, lizards, etc. as far as possible.
ó Ask the students to imitate the moving styles of some animals.
ó Evaluate the students asking them various questions related to the
movement of animals.
28 GREEN Science, Health and Physical Education Book-2
Movement of Animals
The act of going from one place to another is called movement.
Almost all animals move from one place to another. They move
here and there to get food and shelter. Many animals move with the
help of legs. Some animals move with the help of legs and wings.
Some animals swim in water with the help of fins.
Many animals like cow, buffalo, dog, elephant, horse, rhinoceros,
tiger, leopard, lion, zebra and deer walk and run with the help of
legs. Human beings also walk, run and jump with the help of legs.
A tiger is running. An elephant is walking. A cow is running.
A rabbit is running. A man is diving. A frog is jumping.
A zebra is walking. A dog is running. A horse is running.
GREEN Science, Health and Physical Education Book-2 29
Some animals like snake, crocodile and earthworm move from one
place to another by crawling.
A snake is crawling. A crocodile is crawling. An earthworm is
crawling.
Some animals like fish, frog and duck swim in water. Fishes have fins
for swimming. Frogs and ducks have webbed-feet for swimming.
Fishes swim in water. Frogs swim in water. Ducks swim in water.
Some animals move from one place to another by flying. Birds and
insects have wings for flying. Birds and insects also have legs for
walking. Some animals having legs and wings for movement are
given below:
A peacock is flying. A butterfly is flying. A dragonfly is flying.
30 GREEN Science, Health and Physical Education Book-2
Exercise
1. Tick (√) the best answer from the given alternatives.
a. Cow and buffalo move with the help of ........................
wings legs fins
b. Which of the following animals crawls on the ground?
snake elephant fish
c. Which of the following animals flies in air?
monkey bear crow
d. Which of the following organs help in swimming?
legs fins wings
e. Which of the following animals does not have wings?
elephant butterfly peacock
2. Put a tick (√) for the correct statement and a cross (×) for the
incorrect one.
a. Dog and cat walk with the help of legs.
b. Snake and crocodile crawl on the ground.
c. Fishes swim in water with the help of wings.
d. Butterflies do not have legs.
3. Match the following. Fish
a. Walk Crow
b. Crawl Buffalo
c. Jump Rabbit
d. Swim Snake
e. Fly
GREEN Science, Health and Physical Education Book-2 31
4. Fill in the blanks using appropriate words.
a. Goat and sheep ............................ with the help of legs.
b. Fishes and ducks ............................ in water.
c. Crow and peacock ............................ in the air
d. Snake and lizard ............................ on the ground.
5. Answer the following questions.
a. Why do animals move from one place to another?
b. How does a cow move?
c. How do snakes and crocodiles move?
d. How do fishes and frogs move in water?
6. Name any three animals that move with the help of legs.
7. Name any three animals that fly in air.
8. Name any three animals that crawl on the ground.
9. Name any three animals that swim in water.
10. Name any three animals having wings and legs.
Project work
ó Observe different types of animals in your locality.
ó Observe carefully how these animals move from one place to
another. Observe their organs that help in movement.
ó Now, fill in the given table.
S. N. Animals that Animals Animals Animals
can walk and that can that can fly that can
run crawl
swim
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
32 GREEN Science, Health and Physical Education Book-2
Different Types of unit
Plants
6
Weighting Distribution (Approximate)
Teaching periods : 4 Marks (in %): 6
Learning Objectives
After completing the study of this unit, students will be able to:
(i) name different types of plants.
(ii) introduce herbs, shrubs and trees with examples.
Word Power
herb shrub tree small
medium big tall weak
strong trunk woody branch
stem creepers climbers thorny
Teaching Instructions
ó Demonstrate cut-out pictures of different types of plants that are found
in our surroundings.
ó Introduce herbs, shrubs and trees with examples.
ó Take the students for a field trip or a garden and demonstrate different
types of plants (herbs, shrubs and trees) to them.
ó Explain the features of herbs, shrubs and trees to the students.
ó Evaluate the students asking them different questions related to herbs,
shrubs and trees.
GREEN Science, Health and Physical Education Book-2 33
Different Types of Plants
A variety of plants are found around us. They differ in their shapes
and sizes. Some plants are small and some are big. Some plants are
weak and some plants are strong. On the basis of their size, plants
are divided into three groups. They are as follows:
(i) Herbs (ii) Shrubs (iii) Trees
(i) Herbs
Herbs are very small plants with soft and weak stem. Examples:
tomato, mustard, coriander, wheat, rice, garlic, onion, lettuce,
marigold.
Tomato Onion Marigold
Wheat Paddy Lettuce
Some herbs creep and crawl on the ground. These plants are
called creepers. The plants that creep or crawl on the ground
are called creepers. Examples: pumpkin, gourd, watermelon.
34 GREEN Science, Health and Physical Education Book-2
Pumpkin Gourd Watermelon
Some herbs have very weak and long stems. They need support to
climb up. These plants are called climbers. The weak plants that
need support to climb up are called climbers. Examples: cucumber,
pea, bean, money plant.
Cucumber Pea Money plant
Herbs have soft and weak stems. They live for a few months. They
are smaller than shrubs. Herbs do not have woody stems.
(ii) Shrubs Do You Know
Shrubs are small, strong and bushy Thorns are sharp needle-
plants. Examples: rose, tea, coffee. like structures having
Shrubs have woody stem. They live pointed ends. They
for few years. They are smaller than protect the plants.
trees. They have many branches. They
may have thorns.
Rose Tea Coffee
GREEN Science, Health and Physical Education Book-2 35
(iii) Trees
Trees are big and very strong plants. Examples: mango, neem,
peepal, banyan, pine.
Mango tree Banyan tree Neem tree
Most trees have strong and woody Do You Know
stems. The main stem of the tree is
called a trunk. A trunk has many Trees are the largest
branches. Trees live for many years. plants and herbs are
the smallest plants.
Trees may have
thorny stems.
Activity 1
Draw a neat figure of a herb, a shrub and a tree.
Put suitable colours in different parts of those plants.
Label the root, stem and leaves of these plants.
Exercise
1. Tick (√) the best answer from the given alternatives.
a. Tomato and mustard are the examples of ............................
trees shrubs herbs
b. Rose and tea are the examples of ............................
herbs shrubs trees
c. Trees live for ............................
many years few months few days
36 GREEN Science, Health and Physical Education Book-2
d. Which of the following plants are trees?
mango and pine
rose and coffee
cucumber and gourd
2. Put a tick (√) for the correct statement and a cross (×) for the
incorrect one.
a. Herbs have strong and woody stem.
b. Shrubs have many branches.
c. Big and strong plants are called trees.
d. A mango is an example of a herb.
3. Fill in the blanks using appropriate words.
a. Herbs have ............................ and ............................ stems.
b. Tea and coffee are the examples of ............................
c. The herbs that creep and crawl on the ground are called
............................
d. A neem plant is called a ............................
4. Match the following. Cucumber
a. Herb Mango
b. Tree Coriander
c. Climber Rose
d. Shrub
5. Answer the following questions.
a. What are herbs? Give any three examples.
b. What are shrubs? Give any three examples.
GREEN Science, Health and Physical Education Book-2 37
c. What are trees? Give any three examples.
d. What are creepers? Give any three examples.
e. What are climbers? Give any three examples.
6. Identify herbs, shrubs and trees from the given figures.
abcd
7. Classify following plants in the terms of herbs, shrubs and
trees.
Radish, Sal, Peepal, Rose, Maize, Mango, Tomato, Coriander,
Wheat, Orange, Onion, Marigold, Grass, Pumpkin, Garlic
Herbs Shrubs Trees
Project work
ó Observe any three herbs, shrubs and trees in your locality.
ó Draw a neat figure of each.
ó Write any three features of herbs, shrubs and trees.
ó Discuss the feature of herbs, shrubs and trees in your classroom.
38 GREEN Science, Health and Physical Education Book-2
Different Parts of a unit
Plant
7
Weighting Distribution (Approximate)
Teaching periods : 4 Marks (in %): 6
Learning Objectives
After completing the study of this unit, students will be able to:
(i) identify different parts of a plant like root, stem, leaf,
flower and fruit.
(ii) state the features of different parts of plants.
Word Power
root shoot stem leaf
flower fruit seed ground
above under stomata hard
chlorophyll colourful attractive tasty
Teaching Instructions
ó Demonstrate pictures showing different parts of flowering plants.
ó Point out roots, stem, branches, leaves, flowers and fruits in the
pictures.
ó Demonstrate some real plants like mustard plant, marigold and pea
plant to the students and demonstrate various parts of these plants to
the students.
ó Draw a neat and labelled figure of a flowering plant and label root,
stem, leaf, flower and fruit in the figure.
ó Let the students draw the figure and label the various parts.
ó Ask them to put suitable colours in different parts of the plant.
GREEN Science, Health and Physical Education Book-2 39
Different Parts of a Plant Flower
Fruit
Flowering plants have different
parts or organs. The major parts Leaf
of a plant are root, stem, leaves, Stem
flowers and fruits. The entire plant Root
body can be divided into two main
parts. They are (i) root system and A flowering plant
(ii) shoot system.
(i) Root system
The part of a plant that grows
under the surface of the ground is
called the root system. This system
grows towards the soil. Roots fix
a plant to the soil. Roots absorb
water from the soil.
Roots of mustard Roots of mango Roots of onions Roots of a
sugarcane
plant tree
(ii) Shoot system Do You Know
The part of a plant that grows above The stems of some
the ground is called the shoot system. plants like potato, onion
It consists of stem, branches, leaves, and ginger grow inside
buds, flowers and fruits. the soil. These stems
store food for plants.
40 GREEN Science, Health and Physical Education Book-2
Stem
A stem is a hard and woody part of a plant which grows above
the soil. It consists of branches, leaves, flowers and fruits. A stem
transports water and minerals from roots to leaves.
Stem of mango Stem of pine Stem of bamboo Stem of potato
Leaves
Leaves are green and flat parts of a plant. They are attached to
stems and their branches. Leaves are of different shapes and sizes.
The leaves of some common plants are given below:
Rose Mango Maize Papaya
Coconut Pine Bamboo Fern
Leaves appear green due to the presence of chlorophyll. Leaves
prepare food for plants. Leaves contain very small holes. These
holes are called stomata.
GREEN Science, Health and Physical Education Book-2 41
Flowers
Flowers are colourful and attractive parts of a plant. Most flowers
have good smell. Flowers attract insects towards them. Different
plants have different types of flowers. Some of them are given
below:
Lotus Rose Sunflower Mustard flower
Fruits
The parts of plants that contain seeds inside them are called fruits.
They develop from flowers. Some fruits are very tasty. Different
plants have different types of fruits. Some of them are given below:
Mango Apple Orange Pear
Plum Papaya Watermelon Lychee
42 GREEN Science, Health and Physical Education Book-2
Seeds
Seeds are the parts of plants found inside the fruits. They are hard
and grow into new plants. Some fruits like mango, peach, plum and
lychee have only one seed. But plants like watermelon, cucumber,
pumpkin and papaya have many seeds.
Seeds of a Seeds of a Seeds of mango Seeds of paddy
pumpkin watermelon
Exercise
1. Tick (√) the best answer from the given alternatives.
a. The underground part of a plant is called ............................
shoot root stem
b. The part of the plant that grows above the soil is called
............................
root shoot leaf
c. Which of the given parts of a plant prepares food?
root stem leaf
d. Seeds are found inside the ............................
flowers fruits roots
2. Put a tick (√) for the correct statement and a cross (×) for the
incorrect one.
a. The part of a plant that grows towards the soil is called the
root system.
b. The stem of a mango tree grows inside the soil.
c. Leaves prepare food for plants.
GREEN Science, Health and Physical Education Book-2 43
d. Fruits grow into new plants.
3. Fill in the blanks using appropriate words.
a. Roots absorb ............................from the soil.
b. The green and flat parts of a plant are called ............................
c. ............................ attract insects.
d. Seeds are found inside the ............................
4. Match the following. Green and flat part
a. Root Contains seeds
b. Stem Grows into a new plant
c. Leaf Grows towards the soil
d. Flower Grows above the soil
e. Fruit Colourful and attractive
f. Seed
5. Answer the following questions.
a. What is the root system?
b. What is the shoot system?
c. What are leaves?
d. What are flowers?
e. What are fruits?
f. What are seeds?
6. Name the parts of the plants given below:
44 GREEN Science, Health and Physical Education Book-2
abcd
7. Study the given figure and label the various parts.
8. Draw a neat figure of a plant you have seen and label the
various parts.
Project work
ó Pay a visit around your home and observe different types of
plants and their parts.
ó Uproot some small plants and study their root system and
shoot system.
ó Observe different types of flowers and leaves of plants.
ó Draw a neat figure of a plant that you like most and label its
main parts.
GREEN Science, Health and Physical Education Book-2 45
Sample Test Paper 1
Science and Environment
F.M.: 50
Time: 1 hr. 30 min.
1. Tick (√) the best answer from the given alternatives. 5
a. The things having life are called .....................
animals living things non-living things
b. A tiger lives in a ............................
hole den hive
c. The animals that live in the forest are called ............... animals.
pet domestic wild
d. The animals that eat only plants are called ........................
herbivores carnivores omnivores
e. Which of the following organs help animals swim?
legs fins wings
2. Put a tick (√) for the correct statement and a cross (×) for the
incorrect one. 5
a. Non-living things grow.
b. A spider lives in a web.
c. Animals like dog, cat and parrot are called pet animals.
d. Bear and crow eat both plants and flesh.
e. Mango is an example of a herb.
46 GREEN Science, Health and Physical Education Book-2
3. Fill in the blanks using appropriate words. 5
a. Fishes breathe through ............................
b. Cows are kept in a ............................
c. The animals which are kept at our homes are called
...................................................
d. Carnivores eat only ............................
e. Herbs have ............................ and ............................ stems.
4. Match the following. 5
a. Tiger
b. Fish Web
c. Spider Stable
d. Horse Sty
e. Pig Den
Water
5. Answer the following questions. 5 × 3 = 15
a. What are living beings? Give any two examples.
b. What are domestic animals? Give any two examples.
c. What are herbivores? Give any two examples.
d. What are omnivores? Give any two examples.
e. Why do animals move from one place to another? Name
any two animals that fly in the air.
GREEN Science, Health and Physical Education Book-2 47
6. Study the given figure and label the various parts. 5
7. Classify the following plants in the terms of herbs, shrubs
and trees. 5
a. Tomato b. Rose c. Mango
d. Onion e. Orange
8. Name three types of animals on the basis of their feeding
habits. 3
9. Name any two animals having wings and legs. 2
Marks obtained: ............................................... Gardian's signature and
Student's grade: ............................................... remark
Teacher's remark: .............................................
Teacher's signature: .........................................
48 GREEN Science, Health and Physical Education Book-2
Food from Plants and unit
8
Animals
Weighting Distribution (Approximate)
Teaching periods : 5 Marks (in %): 8
Learning Objectives
After completing the study of this unit, students will be able to:
(i) name some food items obtained from plants and animals.
(ii) identify the food items obtained from plants and animals.
Word Power
cereals pulses vegetables fruits
carbohydrates provides energy proteins
growth development vitamins minerals
milk meat cheese grains
butter tasty strong healthy
Teaching Instructions
ó Ask the students about different types of food items that they eat.
ó Ask the students the sources of these food items.
ó Demonstrate cut-out pictures of some food items that we get from
plants.
ó Discuss various food items that we get from plants and animals.
ó Evaluate the students asking them various questions related to food
from plants and animals.
GREEN Science, Health and Physical Education Book-2 49
A. Food from Plants Do You Know
We get different types of foods Cereals are rich in
from plants. We get cereals, pulses, carbohydrates.
vegetables and fruits from plants.
Sugar, oil, spices, tea and coffee are Carbohydrates give
also obtained from plants. us energy to do work.
1. Cereals
The plants which produce grains are called cereals. Examples: rice,
wheat, maize, barley, millet. We get rice and bread from cereals.
Rice Wheat Maize Barley
2. Pulses Do You Know
We get different pulses from plants. Pulses are rich in
Beans, lentils, grams, peas and kidney proteins.
beans are some examples of pulses.
They help in growth and
The seeds of plants like beans, peas, development of body.
lentils are called pulses.
Beans Peas Lentils Kidney beans
50 GREEN Science, Health and Physical Education Book-2