Dyanamic Grammar- - 3 (2077)press

DYNAMIC

ENGLISH GRAMMAR
&

COMPOSITION

3

Author
Krishna Prasad Regmi

Shubharambha Publication Pvt. Ltd.

Kathmandu, Nepal

Published by:

Shubharambha Publication Pvt. Ltd.

Kathmandu, Nepal
URL: www.shubharambhapublication.com
E-mail: [email protected]

www.facebook.com/shubharambhapublication

Dynamic English Grammar and Composition Book-3

Author: Krishna Prasad Regmi
Layout Design: Ram Malakar
Copyright ©: Publisher
New Edition : 2076
Revised Edition: 2077

© : Publisher

No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted by means (electronic,
photocopying, recording or otherwise) without prior written permission from the
publisher. Any breach of this condition will entail legal action and prosecution.

Printed in Nepal

Preface

Dynamic English Grammar and Composition has been designed according to
the new English Curriculum prescribed by the Curriculum Development
Centre. The series comprises of ten textbooks from grade one to grade ten.
The present book is an amalgamation of survey of rules, structures and
forms presented in lucid modern English and illustrated with numerous
examples.
The aim of this book is to bring about a change in teaching and learning
English grammar and composition-a change that will enable the learners to
use grammar in context using both inductive and deductive approaches
aiming to develop four language skills immensely. Practice in composition
tasks will help to develop the learner’s writing skills. It will encourage to writing
their own thoughts, ideas and feelings.
This new edition contains huge examples and their application to
communicative approach that will increase the quality learning of English
grammar. It is thought that this change will improve the standard and
acceptability of the book and I will consider the attempts fruitful if the students
find the book fruitful.
I have left no stone unturned for the meaningful presentation of subject
matter to make it reader friendly. Detailed description of grammatical
structures and adequate exercises on them, plenty of guided and free writing
composition with enough practice questions, an adequate amount of vocabulary
related sections and as much as necessary self study materials have been
presented in the following chapters.
I am thankful to Shubharambha Publication Pvt. Ltd. for their encouragement,
co-operation and help in preparing this book.
At last, I would like to assure all the concerned teachers, students and
readers that constructive comments and suggestions shall be tremendously
appreciated and incorporated in the upcoming edition.

The Author

Table of Contents

1. Alphabets..............................................................................................6-17
2. Nouns.....................................................................................................18-39
3. Pronouns ............................................................................................40-53
4. Articles................................................................................................54-64
5. Verbs......................................................................................................65-80
6. Adjectives...........................................................................................81-91
7. AdverBs................................................................................................92-99
8. sentences........................................................................................100-106
9.Yes/No questions..........................................................................107-112
10. Wh-questions..............................................................................113-120
11. Simple Present Tense...............................................................121-128
12. Present Continuous Tense...................................................129-134
13. Simple Past Tense......................................................................135-139
14. Simple Future Tense................................................................140-144
15. Prepositions.................................................................................145-155
16. Conjunctions..............................................................................156-164
17. Interjections..............................................................................165-167
18. Punctuation................................................................................168-174
19. Paragraph Writing..................................................................175-175
20. Letter Writing...........................................................................176-178
21. Story Writing.............................................................................179-182
22. Picture Description.................................................................183-184
23. Reading Comprehension........................................................185-188
24. VOCABULARY.................................................................................189-192

Phonetic Symbols
Consonant Sounds Vowel Sounds

Symbols Words Symbols Initial Medial Final Spelling

/k/ s king, pick, cat /i: / O{ eat meat see ee, ea, ie,
eo, e, ei

/g/ u gate, ghost /I/ O it sit city i, u, o, e, y, a

/ŋ/ ª sing, sink /e/ P egg pen - e, ie, ea, ue

/tƒ/ r chair, match /æ/ of act man - a

/dʒ/ h jug, judge /a: / cf arm large car a, ear, ar

/z/ h is, zoo, balls /ə/ c ago perfect the a

/ʒ/ h genre, pleasure, /ʌ/ c up but - o, u, ou, u, oe

garage

/t/ 6 tree, mat /ʒ: / cM earth bird sir ir, ur, er, ear

/d/ 8 do, middle /ɒ/ cf] on hot - o, a, ow

/ø/ y thank, with /ɔ: / cfM] all ball saw a, aw, au

/ð/ b those, breathe /ʊ / p - book - u, ou, o, oo

/n/ g nose, man /u: / pm ooze move two o, oo, wo, ue,
ou

/p/ k pot, map Diphthongs

Symbols Initial Medial Final Spelling

/f/ km fan, potato, laugh /eI/ PO eight same say a, ay

/b/ a bag, bulb /aI / cfO{ ice might sky uy, igh, ie, y,
eye

/v/ e van, save / ɔI/ cf]O{ oil voice boy oy, oi

/m/ d man, same / Iə/ Oc ear real here ear, eer, ere

/j/ o yak /ʊə/ pc - influence poor our, ocr, ure

/r/ / red, carry /eə/ Pc area chair rare air, ear, ere,
eir,
are

/l/ n late, sell /aʊ / cfp out loud cow o, ow, ew

/w/ j walk / əʊ/ cp old home go ou, ow

/ʃ/ z shoes, sugar, wish,

chef

/s/ ; sun, miss

/h/ x house, yahoo

GET ALPHABETS 1
STARTED
Chapter

Look and complete.

Circle the words that start with vowel letters.

ant ball cat dog ear fan gun
map net
hen ink jug kite lamp tap urn

oak pen queen rat sun

van wax x-ray yam zoo

Circle the words that start with consonant letters.

ANT BALL CAT DOG EAR FAN GUN
HEN INK JUG KITE LAMP MAP NET
OAK PEN QUEEN RAT SUN TAP URN
VAN WAX X-RAY YAM ZOO

CAPITAL/UPPER CASE LETTERS

ABCDE F GHI J KL M
N O P Q R S T U V WX Y Z

SMALL/LOWER CASE LETTERS

a b c d e f gh i j k lm
n o p q r s t u vwx y z

6 Dynamic English Grammar & Composition Book- 3

Do You Know?
There are 26 letters in the English alphabet. There are 5 vowels: a, e, i, o
and u. The rest of the letters are consonants.

Speaking
Practice

Say whether the words related to the pictures start with vowel or
consonant letters.

…………………… …………………… ……………………

…………………… …………………… ……………………

…………………… …………………… ……………………

Dynamic English Grammar & Composition Book- 3 7

Listening Practice

Repeat these small letters after your teacher.
Monkey Letters g j p q y
Giraffe Letters b d f h k l t
Tortoise letters a c e l m n o r s u v w x z

Instant Practice

Complete the following words with consonant letters.

O I EA E I EA

A A E A I U U AI

I EU AE EO A

8 Dynamic English Grammar & Composition Book- 3

Instant Practice

Complete the following words with vowel letters.

S NFL W R SN K T BL W TCH

R D O P G N C RCL M NK Y

Instant Practice

Write four words for each consonant letter.

b bat, book, bank, bus n
cp
dq
fr
gs
ht
jv
kw
lx
my

z

Dynamic English Grammar & Composition Book- 3 9

Instant Practice turnip yam

Write four words for each vowel letters.

a
e
i
o
u

Grammar Focus: Alphabetical Order

Look at these words.
broccoli cabbage garlic pumpkin

Do You Know?

The first letters of the words given above are in A-Z order. This is what
we call alphabetical order. The first word ‘broccoli’ comes before the
word ‘cabbage’ because ‘b’ comes before ‘c’ in the alphabet. Likewise, ‘g’
comes before ‘p’, ‘p’comes before‘t’ and ‘t’ comes before ‘y’. Words in a
dictionary are presented in alphabetical order.

Now look at the following group of words.

Group A

apple apricot blueberry hamburger
pizza
banana chestnut cranberry roll
steak
coconut date gooseberry toast

orange fig raspberry

papaya peach strawberry

10 Dynamic English Grammar & Composition Book- 3

Group B cap dam fan
cell den fear
bat cot dip fir
beat cry dog fog
bird cut dug fuel
break
bun cabin meal race
Group C cadre mecca radar
café medal rage
board cage mega rain
bobcat cake melon rascal
bode
bogan giraffe hatch satan
boil gird hate satchel
Group D girl hath sate
giro hatpin sati
flag girt hatred satori
flame
flare hearer aerobatic polyandry
flash hearing aerodrome polyclinic
flat hearken aerofoil polyester
Group E hearsay aeronaut polygamy
heart aerosol polymer
nearby
nearer
nearly
nearness
nearside

Dynamic English Grammar & Composition Book- 3 11

Quick Tip

The groups of words given above are arranged in alphabetical order.
Group A is arranged according to the FIRST LETTER, Group
B is arranged according to the SECOND LETTER, Group C is
arranged according to the THIRD LETTER, Group D is arranged
according to the FOURTH LETTER and Group E is arranged
according to the FIFTH LETTER of the word.

Instant Practice

Arrange the letters alphabetically.
1. p r a s u p i
…………………………………………..
2. g u p t a g w
…………………………………………..
3. c d m l o p h
…………………………………………..
4. m b k r s g e
…………………………………………..
5. j k g h e r v
…………………………………………..

Instant Practice

Write a word for each letter and arrange them alphabetically.

penr at s

vhf cl ng

12 Dynamic English Grammar & Composition Book- 3

dgkybt m

bchf i l o

z e ms b v w

Instant Practice

Tick whether the following group of words are in alphabetical order or
not.

advice beef education fiction
air blood electricity flour
alarm butter entertainment food
art boat experience faint
ash bat erosion fully

man bright cap boy
can fight map joy
fan might tap foe
ran right rap toy
scan sprite sap hey

cog eat sun faint
paint
dog meat bun radiant
saint
fog hit fun taint

mug seat run

rug heat dun

Dynamic English Grammar & Composition Book- 3 13

Instant Practice

Put the following group of words in alphabetical order.
1. ant cat bat mat :__________________________________
2. ear fear tear bear :__________________________________
3. gun bun fun dun :__________________________________
4. run sun June nun :__________________________________
5. fog cog log dog :__________________________________
6. car ear far star :__________________________________
7. bag rag tag nag :__________________________________
8. can tan van ban :__________________________________
9. toy boy foe joy :__________________________________
10. man pan fan scan :__________________________________

Instant Practice

Put the following group of words in alphabetical order.
1. goat coat note vote boat
……………………………………………………………………
2. apple agony accord abnormal attire
……………………………………………………………………
14 Dynamic English Grammar & Composition Book- 3

3. ache accede acacia ace ackee
…………………………………………………………………………
4. scout scold scone scoop score
…………………………………………………………………………
5. bank bang band bane banana
……………………………………………………………………….
6. monopoly monolith monogamy monocot monokini
………………………………………………………………………
7. plump plume plumb plumage plum tomato
…………………………………………………………………………
8. serially serious series serif serial
…………………………………………………………………………
9. crag craft crack cradle crab
…………………………………………………………………………
10. drank drama drape drain drag
…………………………………………………………………………
11. ease eat each eagle ear

…………………………………………………………………………
12. balky lanky hanky donkey monkey

………………………………………………………………………

Dynamic English Grammar & Composition Book- 3 15

Instant Practice

Name at the following pictures and put the words in alphabetical order.



……………………… ……………………… ………………………


……………………… ……………………… ………………………

……………………… ……………………… ………………………



……………………… ……………………… ………………………

monkey rabbit puppy leopard lion elephant

hyena calf camel cat kitten dog

16 Dynamic English Grammar & Composition Book- 3

Vocabulary in Use 17
Match the following words with their plurals.
woman elephants
calf rooms
elf sheep
fish halves
shelf singers
half women
singer calves
sheep elves
elephant fish
room shelves
Match the following.
a lot of boy
a heap of debris
a pile of money
a bundle books
a number sticks

Dynamic English Grammar & Composition Book- 3

GET NOUNS 2
STARTED
Chapter

Read the following description.

Ben is a little boy. He lives in a big city. He is
from Kathmandu. It is the capital of Nepal.
Ben likes to play with his truck and toy cars.
The cars can go very fast. He has five story
books, eight textbooks and three packet
pencils. He likes apples to grapes. He is fond
of drinking milk and coffee. He always takes
biscuits with milk in the morning. Mohan is
his father. He has a poultry farm. There are broilers, layers and ducks in
the farm. Mina is his mother. She is an accountant. She works in a bank.

Ben has a sister. Her name is Sally and she is 4 years old. Sally has a doll.
The name of Sally’s doll is Tammy. Sally likes to dress Tammy in pretty
clothes. She always carries her pet in her bag. She has got a pet cat, too.
The name of her cat is Lovely. She likes to play with her doll and pet. She
feeds the cat with fish. Lovely catches mouse sometimes. She likes playing
with them.

Do You Know?
In the text given above, the coloured words are nouns. They are naming
words. They are words denoting a person, place, animal, thing, group,
quality or action.

18 Dynamic English Grammar & Composition Book- 3

Speaking
Practice

Answer these questions based on the given text.
a. What is the name of the boy?
b. What is the name of the girl?
c. Where do Ben and Sally live?
d. Who are their father and mother?
e. What toys do they have?
f. What are there in the farm?

Instant Practice

Write any five nouns in each column.
People
Places
Things
Animals

Listening Practice

Repeat these words after your teacher.
People: Ben, boy, Mohan, Father, Mina, accountant, sister, Sally
Places: city, Kathmandu, capital, Nepal, poultry farm, bank
Things: truck, toy cars, books, textbooks, pencils, milk, coffee, doll,
clothes
Animals: broilers, layers, ducks, fish, pet, cat, Lovely, mouse

Dynamic English Grammar & Composition Book- 3 19

Instant Practice

Underline nouns in the following sentences.
1. Aman is a boy. He lives in the village.
2. Sarita is a girl. She lives in Pokhara.
3. I have bought a cupboard. I keep my books and clothes in it.
4. As television is not working, I use my mobile for news update.
5. Nepal is an agricultural country.
6. The tiger is a ferocious animal.
7. Elephants are the largest living animals on earth.
8. Dogs love bones.
9. Cats love fish.
10. My brother loves tea to coffee.
Now put the underlined nouns in either of the columns.
People
Places
Things
Animals

20 Dynamic English Grammar & Composition Book- 3

Instant Practice

Tell whether each noun below is a person, a place, or a thing.
Jubal ______________ cafeteria _______________
flower _______________ bedroom _______________
woman ______________ firefighter _______________
newspaper ______________ Dhading _______________
breakfast _______________ raindrop _______________
jar _______________ Dr. K. C. _______________

Grammar Focus: Singular and Plural Nouns

Read these sentences.

There is a There are three dogs. She has a calf. I have two calves.
dog.

This is a tree. These are trees. I have an She has two

umbrella. umbrellas.

Quick Tip

Nouns can be singular or plural. When we are talking about just one
thing or person, we use a singular noun. When we are talking about
more than one thing or person, we use a plural noun. The words dog,
calf, tree and umbrella are singular nouns whereas dogs, calves,
trees and umbrellas are plural nouns.

Dynamic English Grammar & Composition Book- 3 21

Formation of Plural Nouns

Add Words Example
ending

-es ch beach- inch- match- watch-
s beaches inches matches watches
virus-
bus- octopus- syllabus- viruses
buses octopuses syllabuses
bush-
sh dish- brush- thrush- bushes
dishes brushes thrushes
kiss-
ss boss- dress- glass- kisses
bosses dresses glasses
tax-
x six- box- fox- taxes
sixes boxes foxes
tattoo-
-s/es -o dynamo- studio- photo- tattoos
dynamos studios photos
tomato-
buffalo- potato- echo- tomatoes
buffaloes potatoes echoes
family-
-ies -y hero- tornado- mosquito- families
-s -y heroes tornadoes mosquitoes
duty-
beauty- fairy- cherry- duties
beauties fairies cherries
monkey-
curry- diary- spy- monkeys
curries diaries spies
key-
chimney- kidney- donkey- keys
chimneys kidneys donkeys

guys- toys- jersy-
guys toys jerseys

22 Dynamic English Grammar & Composition Book- 3

-ves -f calf- life- elf- loaf-
calves lives elves loaves
-s -f/fe half- sheaf- knife- thief-
-s/ -f halves sheaves knives thieves
ves
leaf- wife- reef- cliff-
leaves wives reefs cliffs
safe-
chef- chief- safes
chefs chiefs

roof- giraffe-
roofs giraffes

dwarf- handkerchief- hoof-
dwarves handkerchiefs hooves

scarf-scarfs/ turf-turfs/ wharf-wharfs/
scarves turves wharves

 We change the vowels of some nouns to make them plural.

axis-axes goose-geese cactus-cacti louse-lice crisis-crises
mouse-mice oasis-oases fungus-fungi tooth-teeth datum-data

 We add –en or –ren. child-children
ox-oxen

 Some nouns have same singular and plural forms.

advice, knowledge, aircraft, music, baggage, news, cattle, offspring, cod,
scenery, deer, series, fish, sheep, furniture, species, information

Dynamic English Grammar & Composition Book- 3 23

Instant Practice

Change the following underlined nouns into their plural forms.
1. Monkey sat on the tree.
2. The house caught fire.
3. The dog barked at the fox.
4. The bush has white rose.
5. The cat ate a mouse.
6. The clock was ticking.
7. The girl is playing with doll.
8. The table has so much dust.
9. The pond is full of fish.
10. An apple a day keeps you away from doctor.

Instant Practice

Underline singular nouns and circle plural nouns in the sentences
below.
1. Ankita is eating a peach.
2. Bire flew a kite in the park.
3. The clock was broken.
4. Mr. Neupane corrected the test papers.
5. Six dogs ran across the sidewalk.
6. Mina is reading an exciting book about plants.
7. Naman painted a pretty picture.
8. Giriraj played the guitar.

24 Dynamic English Grammar & Composition Book- 3

9. Lale answered the question correctly.

10. Yaman dribbled the basketball.

11. Lalita munched some cookies.

12. Hema drove her car to work.

13. Some students are playing outside.

14. They are baseball players.

15. How many books have you brought?

Instant Practice

Put the following words in either of the columns.

kite ruler trucks computer spoons class
babies year mangoes notebooks copy balls
foxes bushes switch wives laptop men
guitar fan postcards bag knives leaf
women foot benches yaks room pan

Singular Plural

Instant Practice __________
__________
Change these words into plural. __________
key __________ bike __________
lady __________ child
donkey __________ house
photo __________ pond

Dynamic English Grammar & Composition Book- 3 25

knife __________ rabbit __________

deer __________ sky __________

sheep __________ owl __________

chair __________ hero __________

poster __________ dish __________

window __________ buffalo __________

bus __________ church __________

cockroach __________ box __________

Grammar Focus: Countable and Uncountable Nouns

Look and read.

Countable Nouns Uncountable Nouns

one horse one bus tea coffee
sugar
two balls two rhinos milk

three cats three ants sand rice

26 Dynamic English Grammar & Composition Book- 3

Quick Tip

Nouns can be countable or uncountable. Objects that we can count
are countable nouns. Objects that we cannot count are uncountable
nouns. Here, horse, bus, balls, rhinos, cats and ants are countable
nouns whereas tea, coffee, milk, sugar, sand and rice are uncountable
nouns.

Speaking
Practice

Say whether the underlined nouns are countable or uncountable.

1. Joyti apologized for her rudeness.

2. There are ten apples in the basket.

3. I need some sugar in my coffee.

4. Water is essential for life.

5. Sabin should trim his hair timely.

6. I have a dog which likes to eat meat.

7. The sky is full of stars today.

8. We will be taking four boxes of chocolates.

9. Success is not the key to happiness.

10. I like rice with my chicken curry.

Dynamic English Grammar & Composition Book- 3 27

Listening Practice

Repeat these words after your teacher.

Countable Uncountable

chair, copy, trousers, tongs, curd, water, milk, sugar, sand,

bucket, girls, oxen, children, toys, tea, coffee, milk, soup, hair, salt,

computers, house, cows, dogs, cats, ice, juice, mud, butter, oil, blood,

buses, utensil, jug, television, jacket, toothpaste, dust, powder, snow,

elephant, class, story, baby, men pulses, rice, mustard

Uncountable nouns do not take any articles a, an and the before them.
They cannot be changed into plural forms.

I drink milk. I drink a milk.

She likes dessert. She likes desserts.

Coffee is a favourite drink. Coffee is a favourite drinks.

Please give me some rice. Please give me some rices.

Countable nouns take articles a, an and the before them. They can be
changed into plural forms, too.

I have a unique pen. He has many pens.

It is an apple. Apples are grown in Mustang.

He plays the flute well. The boy in red hat is my brother.

28 Dynamic English Grammar & Composition Book- 3

Instant Practice

Correct the following sentences.
He always drinks a cup of teas. ________________________
Put some salts in that glass. __________________________
I do not take much sugars in coffees. __________________________
Do you like any curds? __________________________
Ghee is made up of butters. __________________________

Instant Practice

Choose the correct nouns given in the brackets and fill in the blanks.
1. He shifted all his ____________ (furniture/furnitures) to his new house.
2. He gave the shopkeeper a hundred ____________ (rupee/rupees) note.
3. The old man cannot see without his ____________ (spectacle/
spectacles).
4. I cut the string with a pair of ____________ (scissor/scissors).
5. The (cattle/cattles) ____________ are grazing in the field.
6. I have got some ____________ (dollars/dollar).
7. This (new/news) ____________ is very important.
8. I haven’t had much ____________ (rices/rice).
9. I like to hear different kinds of ____________ (musics/music).
10. There are three ____________ (peoples/people) here.
11. He is wearing a red ____________ . (cap / caps)
12. She has many ____________. (toy / toys)

Dynamic English Grammar & Composition Book- 3 29

13. Is this your ____________? (bags / bag)

14. I have two ____________ . (eye / eyes)

Instant Practice

Circle uncountable nouns.

box bread leaf parrot butter cheese
chocolate flour honey Coke Sprite house
kerosene surf watch detergent pot hair
beer bear deer wine wind wolf
jackal saliva spit rat gunpowder hen

Instant Practice

Match the following uncountable nouns with their countable nouns.

bread a bottle/pouch of oil

butter a cup/glass of coffee

cheese a sheet/piece of paper

coffee a jar/mug of water

meat a kg/pound of meat

oil a spoon/pinch of sugar
paper a packet/stick of butter
sugar a loaf/slice of bread
water a slice/piece of cheese

Grammar Focus: Common and Proper Nouns

Read these sentences.

Amar is a boy.

Amrit is his father.

30 Dynamic English Grammar & Composition Book- 3

Aruna is his mother.
Rina is his sister.
Rikesh is his brother.
Lovely is his dog.
Pretty is his cat.
English is his best subject.
Kathmandu is a city he lives in.

Now put the coloured nouns in correct columns.

Common Noun Proper Noun

Quick Tip

Nouns can be common or proper. Common nouns are the common
names of a person, place or thing. Proper nouns are the specific names
of person, place or things. Common nouns are capitalized only if they
are used as the subject of a sentence but proper nouns are always
written in capital letters. The noun words like boy, father, mother,
sister, brother, dog, cat, subject and city are common nouns. Noun
words like Amar, Amrit, Aruna, Rina, Rikesh, Lovely, Pretty,
English and Kathmandu are proper or specific nouns.

Dynamic English Grammar & Composition Book- 3 31

Speaking
Practice

Say whether the underlined nouns are C for common or P for proper
1. Pogba is a football player.
2. Rajesh Hamal is an actor.
3. Mohan Baidya is a politician.
4. Govinda K. C. is a doctor.
5. Rishi Dhamala is a journalist.

Listening Practice

Repeat these words after your teacher.

BOYS Rajan, Dinesh, Dip, Kamal, Kiran, Mohan, Mahesh,
GIRLS Krishal, Ram, Lal, Hem, Ishwor
CITIES
VILLAGES Unisha, Simron, Monika, Manisha, Ritu, Bandana,
NEWSPAPERS Kalpana, Karishma, Laxmi, Sima
MAGAZINES
BOOKS Kathmandu, Pokhara, Biratnagar, Dharan,
DAYS Mahendranagar, Bhaktapur, Lalitpur

Gangajamuna, Thakre, Ghatbeshi, Taribeshi, Salyantar,
Budhathum, Lakuwa

The Himalayan Times, The Kathmandu Post, The
Republica, The Kantipur Daily, The Nagarik Dainik

Muna, Nepal, Himal, Scholar, Wisdom, Nari, Samaya,
Shishyak

Paralko Ago, The Blue Mimosa, Muna Madan, Sakuntal,
Yogamaya, Saya, Himali Kiran

Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday,
Saturday

32 Dynamic English Grammar & Composition Book- 3

MONTHS January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August,
SEASONS September, October, November, December
COUNTRIES
CONTINENTS Autumn, Summer, Winter, Spring
ACTORS
PLAYERS Nepal, India, China, Canada, Pakistan, Austria,
ACTRESS Hongkong, Britain
POETS Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Europe,
POETESS Antarctica
BUILDINGS Rajesh Hamal, Nikhil Upreti, Bhuwan K. C., Anmol K.
CINEMAS C., Biraj Bhatta
Neymar, Paras, Serena, Kobe Bryant, Bimal Gharti,
Gyanendra Malla, Dipak Bista, Sangina Baidhya
Rekha Thapa, Karisma Manandhar, Sangita Luitel, Jal
Shah, Mithila Sharma
Laxmi Prasad Devkota, Bhanubhakta Acharya,
Balkrishna Sam, Bhairab Aryal

Parijat, Yogamaya, Jhamak Kumari Ghimire

Singha Durbar, Kathmandu Mall, Buddha Mall, B.G
Mall, The City Mall, Bishal Bazar

Bishow Jyoti, Guna, Gopi Krishna, Hiraratna

MOTORCYCLE Pulsar, Shine, Honda, Apache

GAMES Football, Basketball, Volleyball, Tennis, Badminton,
Cricket, Chess

MOUNTAINS Mt. Everest, Mt. Annapurna, Mt. Losthe, Mt. Langtang

LEADERS Pradip Gyawali, Gagan Thapa, Gokarna Bista, Mohan
Baidhya

Dynamic English Grammar & Composition Book- 3 33

Instant Practice

Match the following common nouns with their proper nouns.
man Hari Bansa Acharya
woman Nima Rumba
month Jumla
country Saturday
day Nigeria
festival Hitman
river March
district Gandaki
singer Tihar
actor Manamaya

Instant Practice

Write proper noun for the following common nouns.

Common Noun Proper Noun Common Noun Proper Noun
dog toothpaste
cat bike
horse car
parrot temple
school poet
college leader
singer teacher
actress nurse
doctor cricketer
footballer magician
bank hotel

34 Dynamic English Grammar & Composition Book- 3

Instant Practice 35

Underline proper nouns in the following sentences.
1. Uncle Mohan is a lawyer.
2. Arati and Anita are going to the beach for a swim.
3. One day Ali Baba saw forty thieves hiding in a cave.
4. Next Tuesday is a public holiday.
5. Mr. Nawaraj is reading a book.
6. Many children enjoyed the movie Lion King.
7. July is often the hottest month in summer.
8. The old woman asked Cinderella how she was.

Instant Practice

Underline common nouns in these sentences.
1. Anil has a lovely doll.
2. Dina hates snakes.
3. We must eat healthy food.
4. Every child has a dictionary.
5. Here’s a book for you.
6. I like reading stories.
7. My father is a teacher.
8. The phone is ringing.
9. There’s a little bird in the garden.
10. Who is your coach?

Dynamic English Grammar & Composition Book- 3

Instant Practice

Write C for common and P for proper before each noun.
1. _______ the White House
2. _______ the green dress
3. _______the tall building
4. _______the Empire State Building
5. _______ the Yellow River
6. _______ the muddy river
7. _______ the governor
8. _______ Governor Parker
9. _______ the Oregon Trail
10. _______ the winding trail

Instant Practice

Underline the nouns that should be capitalized. Circle the nouns that
should not be capitalized.
1. We had a Surprise Party for aunt Himani.
2. The students visited Chitwan national Park.
3. The Manager scolded his lazy Servant hem.
4. The Capital of nepal is kathmandu.
5. Spring and autumn are my favourite Seasons.
6. Robert louis Stevenson wrote treasure island.
7. My Friends and I prefer Pepsodent toothpaste.
8. Juna and mina attend santinikunja Middle school.

36 Dynamic English Grammar & Composition Book- 3

Grammar Focus: Gender Nouns

Read the following gender nouns.

Masculine Feminine Masculine Feminine
boy girl man woman
father mother king queen
uncle aunt husband wife
waiter waitress nephew niece
prince princess grandfather grandmother
son daughter father in law mother in law
bride bridegroom wizard witch

Quick Tip

Masculine nouns are words for men and boys, and male animals.
Feminine nouns are words for women and girls, and female
animals.

Instant Practice

Fill in each blank with a suitable masculine or feminine noun.

1. The host and the _______ welcomed their guests.

2. The steward and the _____ look after the passengers on the plane.

3. My uncle and ________ live in Nebraska.

4. The king and the _______ had two children, a boy and a _____. The prince
was eight and the_______ was five.

5. Ladies and ______, welcome to our party this evening.

Dynamic English Grammar & Composition Book- 3 37

Instant Practice

Look at the words and write each word under its correct heading.

witch king boy son father girl

mother queen wizard empress husband lioness

madam master mother niece tiger uncle

Masculine Feminine

Instant Practice

Write feminine noun of the following masculine nouns.
actor ________ brother ________
emperor ________ father ________
gentleman ________ grandfather ________
grandson ________ headmaster ________
man ________ master ________
nephew ________ prince ________
son ________ steward ________
uncle ________ wizard ________

38 Dynamic English Grammar & Composition Book- 3

Vocabulary in Use
Match the following synonyms.
afraid road
cold jump
gift ill
pull scared
rug chilly
street clever
leap throw
sick carpet
smart tug
toss present

Dynamic English Grammar & Composition Book- 3 39

GET PRONOUNS 3
STARTED
Chapter

Look and learn.

I am Krishna Thapa.
Everyone calls me Kris.

Manu and I are twin brothers.
We read in grade three.
Our aim is to be a doctor.

Are you a doctor?
Everyone respects you.

Saru is a girl.
She is very diligent.
Her handwriting is excellent, too.

40 Dynamic English Grammar & Composition Book- 3

Herman is my friend.
He is one legged boy.
Everyone helps him in need.
There is a cat.
It is fond of fish.
I like it very much.

Jit and Lal are lazy.
They always go to school late.
Teachers scold them bitterly.

Do You Know ?
The coloured words are pronouns. They are used in place of nouns.
They are used to avoid unnecessary repetition of nouns in writing.

Listening Practice

Repeat these pronouns after your teacher.

Person Subjective Objective Possessive Self-forms
1st case case P1 P2
2nd my mine myself
I me our ours ourselves
we us your yours yourself/
you you yourselves
herself
3rd she her her hers himself
he him his his itself
it it it its themselves
they them their theirs

Dynamic English Grammar & Composition Book- 3 41

Instant Practice

Underline pronouns in the following sentences.
1. The coat is new. It is red.
2. The sheep are in the field. They are grazing.
3. My sister and I were sleeping when we heard a loud noise.
4. I like Hem and Tom. They are my best friends.
5. Manish has a brother. He loves him very much.
6. My father is working on his laptop. It is new.
7. My dog plays with toy. It likes to chew it.
8. They have invited you and me at the party.

Speaking
Practice

Act out the following conversation.
Teacher: So you want to learn to speak English?
Student: Yes, I want to be able to speak well.
Teacher: I don’t see that as a problem.
Student: Yes, that’s easy for you to say.
Teacher: What makes you say that?
Student: Just because you are a native speaker.
Teacher: I understand what you mean.
Student: So what am I going to do?
Teacher: Well, if you desire, I could give you lessons next week.
Student: That sounds very good for me. I’ll see you next week.

42 Dynamic English Grammar & Composition Book- 3

Grammar Focus: Subject Pronouns

Read and observe.

I am a boy. I study in grade three. We are players. We play cricket.

You are a girl. You are our friend. He is my brother. He studies in grade
one.

She is our teacher. She teaches us It is our school. It is very big.
English.

They are my sheep. They like You are sick. You cannot go to school

grazing. today.

Quick Tip

Subject pronouns are those that are used as the subject of a sentence.
I, we, you, he, she, it and they are subject pronouns.

Dynamic English Grammar & Composition Book- 3 43

Instant Practice

Underline subject pronouns in the following sentences.
1. Bob, you are a bad dog!
2. Dip and I are playing football. We like sports.
3. Jitu and Hem are my brothers. They are older than I am.
4. My father works hard. He works in a factory.
5. My name is Mina. I am fourteen.
6. My sister is older than me. She is twelve.
7. Our dog is very naughty. It likes to chase cats.
8. Karan is a doctor. He works in Teaching Hospital.
9. You are my best friend.
10. Sona and Mona are sisters. They go to school together.

Grammar Focus: Object Pronouns

Read and observe.

PRONOUNS

My name is Rita. Everyone loves me in Mr. Sharma teaches us English.
the family.

44 Dynamic English Grammar & Composition Book- 3

He may give you a toy. I saw him on the way to school.

She scolded him very bitterly. I think there is a cat? Did you see
it?

My grandfather told them a story. Maya always asks me a
question.

Quick Tip

Object pronouns are those that are used as the object of a sentence.
Me, us, you, him, her, it and them are object pronouns.

Instant Practice

Underline object pronouns in the following sentences.
1. I’m doing my homework. Dad is helping me.
2. Goodbye, children! I’ll call you later.

Dynamic English Grammar & Composition Book- 3 45

3. Where is Mohan? I need to speak to him.
4. Miss Gita is very nice. All the children like her.
5. The car is very dirty. Mom is cleaning it.
6. Uncle Harry called Mary to ask her a question.
7. My chocolates are all gone. Someone has eaten them.
8. These sweets are date expired. I threw them.

Instant Practice

Replace the coloured words with suitable subject or object pronouns.
1. Maya likes apples. Maya is eating apples now.
2. Hari goes to school on foot. Hari walks every day.
3. My house is beautiful. My house is painted.
4. Sony and Sonam are friends. Sony loves Sonam.
5. Look at these monkeys. Monkeys are in the tree.
6. Prem and Pranish are students. Prem helps Pranish.
7. This is my house. I like my house very much.
8. Mohan and Mahesh are brothers. Mohan and Mahesh’s father scolded
Mohan and Mahesh.
9. Lalu and I are roommates. Lalu and I help each other.
10. There is a sick dog. The students tease the sick dog.

46 Dynamic English Grammar & Composition Book- 3

Grammar Focus: Replacing Nouns

Look and read.

Sentences Nouns Replacing
Pronoun
Kamal is a teacher. He teaches English. Kamal
he
Karuna is a nurse. She takes care of sick Karuna she
people.
Hem and Harry are brothers. They go to Hem and Harry they
school together.
Joyal and I are boys. We play together. Joyal and I we
it
The dog is sick. It is dying soon. The dog it
they
Our school is new. It is painted red. Our school

Apples are sweet. They keep us healthy. Apples

Quick Tip

Nouns are replaced by pronouns in a sentence. Pronouns are used to
avoid the repetition of nouns in a sentence.

Instant Practice

Replace the coloured words with suitable pronouns.
1. Father and mother are like god.
2. I know Amar and Amar knows me.
3. My brother is very handsome.
4. My father is a businessman.
5. My school is a higher secondary school.
6. My sister is beautiful.

Dynamic English Grammar & Composition Book- 3 47

7. My uncle in not married yet.
8. Ram and Roman are playing chess.
9. Sima helps Kamala and Kamala helps Sima.
10. The cat is lying on the floor.

Instant Practice

Replace the coloured words with suitable pronouns.
1. My sisters love novels. This is for my sisters.
2. Hari and Mohan are good boys.
3. Kamala and Kiran are late for school.
4. Kamal and I are sick today.
5. The children came to visit the farm.
6. Cars are very expensive these days.
7. The old man died yesterday.
8. Two girls are coming here.
9. Salt and sugar taste differently.
10. The cats are quarrelling.

Grammar Focus: Self Pronouns

Look and read.
I cut my finger myself.
We prepared the cake by ourselves.
Be careful not to cut yourself with that sickle.
Come in, everybody, and find yourselves a seat.
Monika fell and hurt herself.

48 Dynamic English Grammar & Composition Book- 3

My uncle built this computer himself.
This cat washes itself after every feast.
They cleaned their room all by themselves.
One should work hard oneself.
The door itself is quite heavy.
You yourself know about it.
Teaching oneself to swim can be dangerous.

Quick Tip

Self or reflexive pronouns are words that refer to the noun or pronoun
that is the subject of the verb. The words myself, ourselves,
yourself, yourselves, herself, himself, itself and themselves are self
pronouns.

Listening Practice

Repeat these self pronouns after your teacher.
I: myself.
You: yourself (singular)
yourselves (plural)
He: himself
She: herself.
It: itself
We: ourselves
They: themselves

Dynamic English Grammar & Composition Book- 3 49

Instant Practice

Fill in the blanks with correct self pronouns.

1. Sometimes I wash the dishes all by ___________.

2. Dad had an accident. He cut _____with a knife.

3. Sally washes the car by ______.

4. Do you think the doctor can cure ______ when he is ill?

5. The cat stays clean by licking ______.
6. Anna and Mary made the dinner all by _______.
7. Mom lets me walk to school by _______.
8. Can you dress _______, boys and girls?
9. David can swim all by ______ now.
10. This light is automatic. It switches ______ on at night.
11. My sister cooks by ______.
12. The teacher ______ is late today.

Grammar Focus: Demonstrative Pronouns

Look and read.

Singular: this, that Plural: these, those

This is my desk. These are my pets.

This is the Min’s house. These are sheep.
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Dynamic English Grammar & Composition Book- 3