Dyanamic Grammar- - 3 (2077)press

That is my friend’s house. Those are horses

That is a goat. Those are dogs

Quick Tip

The words this, these, that and those are called demonstrative
pronouns. They are showing words. The words this and that are used
with singular countable nouns but these and those are used plural
countable nouns. This and these are used to show near objects but
that and those are used to show far objects.

Instant Practice

Fill in the blanks with this or these.

___________ book ___________ books

___________ cap ___________ caps

___________ house ___________ houses

___________ man ___________ men

___________ cow ___________ cows

Dynamic English Grammar & Composition Book- 3 51

___________ school ___________ schools
___________ monkey ___________ monkeys
___________ girl ___________ girls
___________ ball ___________ balls
___________ boy ___________ boys

Instant Practice

Fill in the blanks with that or those.

___________ cat ___________ cats

___________ can ___________ cans

___________ donkey ___________ donkeys

___________ woman ___________ women

___________ parrot ___________ parrots

___________ room ___________ rooms

___________ laptop ___________ laptops

___________ gun ___________ guns

___________ bat ___________ bats

___________ bird ___________ birds

52 Dynamic English Grammar & Composition Book- 3

Vocabulary in Use
Match the following words with their opposites.
gain scatter
gather unkind
gentle lose
genuine take
give fake
glad bright
gloomy sad
good unimportant
great terrible
glorious bad

Encircle the odd word one out. woodcutter
barber friend tailor gold
wood silver bronze shave
cut trim donkey saddle
coin money bank coin
blue brown black

Dynamic English Grammar & Composition Book- 3 53

GET ARTICLES 4
STARTED
Chapter

Read the following text.

An aquarium is a water-filled tank in which
fish swim about. An aquarium can be a small
container for a few goldfish. It can also be
a building that displays a large collection of
water animals. Aquariums give people the
chance to observe an ecosystem very different
from their own.

Home aquariums can be as small as a bowl or as large as an entire wall. For
their fish to survive, owners must make sure that the water is at the right
temperature. They must not put too many fish or natural enemies together.
They also must provide the right type and amount of food.

Do You Know?
The words a, an and the in the above given text are articles. They are
demonstrative adjectives. There are two types of articles in English.

Articles

Indefinite-A/AN Definite-THE

54 Dynamic English Grammar & Composition Book- 3

Speaking
Practice

a. Is the word ‘aquarium’ singular or plural?
b. Why is there no article before the word ‘aquariums’?
c. Does the word ‘building’ start with a vowel or consonant sound?
d. Does the word ‘entire’ start with a vowel or consonant sound?
e. Why is ‘an’ used with the word ‘aquarium’?
f. Why is ‘a’ used with the word ‘bowl’?

Listening Practice

Repeat after your teacher. THE NO ARTICLE
A AN the sun some water
a bottle an airport the tallest some sugar
a book an inkpot the Ramayana five liter oil
a cell phone an insect the flute two spoonful salt
a mango an egg the third last Saturday
a table an ostrich the Rising Nepal green colour
a cat an arrow the Gandaki white flour
a man an owl

Dynamic English Grammar & Composition Book- 3 55

Grammar Focus: Indefinite Article: A/An

Indefinite Article: A
Look and read.

a pen a marker a sharpener a book

a cat a dog a tortoise a rabbit

a hen a crow a parrot a sparrow

a doll a fan a watch a hat

a cake a banana a balloon a mouse
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Dynamic English Grammar & Composition Book- 3

Quick Tip

A is used before singular countable nouns starting with consonant
sound. It is used with consonant letters B, C, D, F, G, H, J, K, L, M,
N, P, Q R, S, T, V, W, X, Y and Z.

Look at the following sentences.

This is a van. This is a plate. This is a glass. This is a fan.
Now look at these sentences.

These are vans. These are plates. These are glasses. These are fans.

Quick Tip

We use ‘a’ only with singular and countable nouns (van, plate,
glass, fan) starting with consonant sound (v, p, g, f). We do not use
article with plural nouns (vans, plates, glasses, fans).

Dynamic English Grammar & Composition Book- 3 57

Indefinite Article: An
Look and read.

an ink pot an old man an umbrella an ant

an engine an astronaut an onion an ox

an arm an exercise book an officer an angry man

an igloo an orange an alligator an eraser

an aunt an English teacher an eggplant an axe

58 Dynamic English Grammar & Composition Book- 3

Quick Tip

An is used before singular countable nouns starting with
vowel sound. It is used with vowel letters A, E, I, O and U.

Look at the following sentences.

This is an This is an insect. This is an urn. This is an apple
octopus. tree.

Now look at these sentences.

These are These are These are These are apple
octopuses. insects. urns. trees.

Quick Tip

We use an only with singular and countable nouns (octopus, insect,
urn, apple tree) starting with vowel sound (o, i, u, a). We do not use
article with plural nouns (octopuses, insects, urns, apple trees).

Dynamic English Grammar & Composition Book- 3 59

Instant Practice

Fill in the gaps with ‘a’ or ‘an’ where necessary.
____ rose ____hat ____mouse
____ oak tree ____shy person ____hero
____ inspector ____erasable board ____bat
____ oasis ____dog ____kitten
____ early riser ____inkstand ____fat man
____ obese boy ____pencil ____worm
____ overweight girl ____cap ____architect
____ round table ____dolphin ____ant colony
____ occupier ____air force ____examiner
____ eucalyptus tree ____creature ____egg crate

Instant Practice

Write one word using ‘a’ or ‘an’ for the following letters.
a an alarm clock n
bo
cp
dq
er
fs
gt
hu
iv

60 Dynamic English Grammar & Composition Book- 3

jw

kx

my

n a nun z

Instant Practice

Fill in the gaps with ‘a’ or ‘an’ where necessary.

……….. uncle ……….. gander ……….. princess ……….. queen
……….. peahen …….. elephant
…….. daughter ……….. goose ……….. cousin ……….. nephew
……….. tiger ……….. parent
……….. lemons ……….. foxes ……….. rooster ……….. minister
……….. team ….. bottle of ink
……….. buses ……….. ashtray ……….. leopard ……….. tigress
… acute disease …….. eagle
…abnormal child ……….. vulture …… apple tree ……….. ape
……….churches ……….. arrow
………cute baby …….. army bag ……old temple ……….. red car
……….. lion ……..aged man
……….. peaches ……….. amber ……ocher colour ……….. boxes

……..tomatoes …… clear view

…….. pumpkin ….... foolish man

……….. pin ……….. wolf

……….. apples ……….. room

……….. motor ……….. ship

…intelligent man ……….. latch

Grammar Focus: Definite Article: THE

Look and read.

the Veda the Himalayan Times the Koshi
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Dynamic English Grammar & Composition Book- 3

the sun the violin the biggest house

the telephone the heart the shortest

Quick Tip

The is used before the specific nouns. The nouns Veda, Himalayan
Times, Koshi, sun, violin, biggest house, telephone, heart and
shortest are definite nouns.

Listening Practice

Repeat after your teacher.

Rivers, seas, oceans: the Gandaki, the Nile, the Red sea, the Indian

Ocean

Musical instruments: the flute, the piano, the harmonium, the guitar

Museums and libraries: the Chhauni museum, the national museum, the

British library

Mountain Ranges: the Churia range, the Himalayas, the Annapurna
range

Hotels, theaters: the Soaltee, the Barahai Movies

Historical buildings: the Taj Mahal, the Kathmandu Mall, the Buddha

Mall

Deserts: the Sahara, the Thar

Canals: the Gandak Canal, the Panama Canal

Directions: the east, the north, the west, the south

62 Dynamic English Grammar & Composition Book- 3

Organs: the heart, the head
Holy books/groups: the Ramayana, the Bible, the Quran
Article ‘the’ is used before unique thing that is only one in the world.
the sun the moon the Mt. Everest the Taj Mahal the Great Wall
‘The’ is used for the repeated nouns.
I saw a boy yesterday. The boy was one eyed.
He has bought a car. The car is red.
She gave a coin to a beggar. The beggar was sick.
A boy got accident last Saturday. The boy died on Sunday.

Instant Practice

Fill in the blanks with ‘a’, ‘an’ or ‘the’.
__________ owl __________ ear
__________ moon __________Bagmati
__________ rocket __________ Hanging Garden
__________ Missouri River __________ West Indies
_________ apron __________ Kathmandu Post
__________ mango __________ shortest
_________ sun __________ mat
__________ animal __________acre land
__________ page __________ aid
__________ eagle __________ telescope

_________ computer __________ baby

Instant Practice

Write ‘a’, ‘an’ or ‘the’ in the blanks to complete the sentences.

1. There is ________ rainbow in ________ sky.

2. Who is ________ man outside ______ gate?

3. ________ doctor gave Jane ________ injection.

Dynamic English Grammar & Composition Book- 3 63

4. Paul opened ________ door to let ________ dog in.
5. Manish is ________ only child in _______ family.
6. What’s ______ largest animal in ________ world?
7. There’s ________ nest in ________ tree.
8. Sarita is writing ________ letter to her grandfather.
9. Jitu has ________ brother and ________ sister.
10. We reached ________ top of ______ hill in two hours.

Instant Practice

Complete the following passage below with correct articles.

Once ____king lived in ____ huge palace. _____palace was enclosed
by ____ beautiful garden. There was ____apple tree that always produced
golden apples in ____garden. One day, ____king found that ____thief was
stealing _____golden apples from _____tree. He was very angry at ____
thief. He sent his guards to catch ____thief. But _____guards could not
catch ___thief. ____king felt very sad.

Vocabulary in Use

Match the following synonyms.
ask finish
begin drop
yearly collect
centre enormous
choose gloomy
dull select
end middle
fall annually
gather start
huge inquire

64 Dynamic English Grammar & Composition Book- 3

GET VERBS 5
STARTED
Chapter

Read the following text.

Deiderius Erasmus was born in Rotterdam in Holland, in
1466 or 1469 but it is difficult to know exactly
when. His mother and father died when he was 15
years old. He went to school, in Holland, where he
was a very good student of Latin. When he finished
school, he studied at the University of Paris. Later
he worked as a teacher there for some years. After
that he travelled to England and he became a
professor at Cambridge University. When he was in England he made many
friends including King Henry VIII.After that Erasmus moved all over Europe.
There were many universities in Europe. He lived and worked there. He
studied Greek and Latin. Erasmus died in Switzerland on 12th July 1536.

Do You Know?
In the above given text, the coloured words are verbs. They perform
different actions in sentences.

Speaking
Practice

Answer these questions based on the given description.

a. Tell any one auxiliary verb.

b. Tell any two main verbs.

c. What is auxiliary verb?

d. What is main verb?

Dynamic English Grammar & Composition Book- 3 65

Verbs

Auxiliary Verbs Main/Action Verbs

Grammar Focus: Auxiliary Verbs

Look and read.

I am a singer. He is a doctor. We are mountaineers.

He has cut his finger. We have bought a car. I had met him
yesterday.

We were at the park He was in the garden He does exercise daily.

yesterday. then.

66 Dynamic English Grammar & Composition Book- 3

Quick Tip

Words that express some form of action are called verbs. Most verbs
are action words. They tell you what people, animals or things are
doing. Auxiliary verbs are helping verbs. They are used to make
sentences in different tenses.

Is, am, are, was, were, have, has, had, do, does, did, can, may, will, shall,
could, might, would, should, must, ought to, dare to, need to and used to
are auxiliary verbs.

More on Auxiliary verbs

Am, Is, Are

I am Niraj Regmi. Mina is my sister.
I am nine years old. She is six years old.
I am a boy. She is a little girl.
I am a student. She is fond of playing with her doll.
I am fond of singing songs. She is a lovely girl.

Kamal and Bimal are brothers.
They are helpful to each other.
They are kind and good mannered.
They are fond of playing football.
They are neither fat nor slim

Dynamic English Grammar & Composition Book- 3 67

Quick Tip

We use am with I only as a subject. We use is with he, she and it as
a subject. We use are with we, you and they. All these verbs are used
in present tense. They are the different form of the verb ‘be’.

Instant Practice

Fill in the blanks with ‘am’, ‘is’ or ‘are’.
1. They ________ my good friends.
2. He ________ a soldier.
3. You ________ taller than me.
4. She ________ ill.
5. We ________ very hungry.
6. It ________ a sunny day.
7. I ________ angry with you.
8. You ________ all welcome to my house.
9. John’s dog ________ very friendly.
10. Robert ________ ten years old.
11. These flowers ________ very pretty.
12. The two schools ________ close to each other.
13. Mathematics ________ not a very difficult subject.
14. ________ dinner ready?
15. This computer ________ very easy to use.
16. All the windows ________ open.
17. Sue and Jane ________ neighbours.
18. His hair ________ curly.
19. It _____raining now.
20. You ______a careless person.

68 Dynamic English Grammar & Composition Book- 3

Instant Practice

Make as many sentences as possible from the table.

He is reading.
She am eating.
It are coming.
The boy
The girl
My father
Maya
Suraj
I
We
You
They
The boys
The girls
My father and mother
Maya and Mina
Suraj and Suman

Was, Were

It was Mina’s birthday yesterday.
Mina was at her birthday party.
Maya was with Mina.
Mina was singing and dancing.
Maya was singing too.

Dynamic English Grammar & Composition Book- 3 69

There were many people at the
party.
Most of her friends were there.
Her parents were there too.
All of them were happy.
Her brothers were managing the
party.

Quick Tip

We use was with I, he, she and it as a subject. We use were with you,
we and they as a subject. All these verbs are used in past tense. They
are the different form of the verb ‘be’.

Instant Practice

Complete the following sentences with was or were.
1. He is present today. Yesterday he____absent in class.
2. Today is Sunday. Yesterday ____Saturday.
3. I am happy today. I ___sad yesterday.
4. I am walking now. I ____travelling by bus yesterday.
5. We are in Kathmandu. We ____in Illam last week.
6. They are friendly now. They ____fighting last Sunday.
7. I am playing volleyball now. I ___playing table tennis then.
8. It is sunny day today. It ___raining all day yesterday.
9. I am painting the wall now. I ____sleeping at this time yesterday.
10. These dogs are quiet today. They ___barking all night yesterday.

70 Dynamic English Grammar & Composition Book- 3

Instant Practice

Make as many sentences as possible from the table.

He
She
It

The boy was
The girl
My father reading.
Maya eating.
Suraj coming.
We
You
They

The boys were
The girls
My father and mother
Maya and Mina
Suraj and Suman

Have, Has

I have a doll. Kamal and Hem They have a lot You have a new

have a toy car. of money. bag.

Dynamic English Grammar & Composition Book- 3 71

He has a pencil. She has an Ram has a The table has
umbrella. watch. four legs.

Quick Tip

We use have with I, we, they and you as a subject. We use has
with he, she and it as a subject. All these verbs are used in present
tense. They are the different form of the verb ‘have’.

Instant Practice

Complete the following sentences with have or has.
1. My school ___a playground.
2. We ____ a very good teacher.
3. The boy ____a red hat.
4. It ____a unique taste.
5. They ____ five pencils each.
6. You ____ an important lesson to learn.
7. He ____ bought an umbrella.
8. Sima ____completed her homework.
9. These players ____ won many medals.
10. A book ____a lot of lessons.

72 Dynamic English Grammar & Composition Book- 3

Instant Practice

Make as many sentences as possible from the table.

He has some sweets.
She have been sleeping.
It
The boy
The girl
My father
Maya
Suraj
My sister
My brother
Aunt
Uncle
I

We

You

They

The boys

The girls

My father and mother

Maya and Mina

Suraj and Suman

My brothers
My sisters
The visitors
The guests

Dynamic English Grammar & Composition Book- 3 73

Grammar Focus: Main Verbs

Look and read.

I eat an apple every He plays football on We climbed mountain.
day. Saturdays.

He cut his finger He bought a car last I met him yesterday.

yesterday. Saturday.

We were sitting at the He was playing in the He ran after the dog.

park yesterday. garden then.

Quick Tip

The words like eat, plays, climbed, cut, bought, met, sitting,
playing and ran are main verbs. They are action words. They are
performing different actions in the given pictures. They are used to
discuss about an action, a state or an occurrence.

74 Dynamic English Grammar & Composition Book- 3

Look and read. cook- V1
I cook rice. cooked- V2
I cooked rice. cooked- V3
I have cooked rice. cooking- V4
I am cooking rice. cooks- V5
He cooks rice.

Listening Practice

Repeat after your teacher.

V1 V2 V3 V4 V5
eat ate eaten eating eats
played playing plays
play played gone going goes
called calling calls
go went said saying says
given giving gives
call called taken taking takes
sung singing sings
say said danced dancing dances
sung singing sings
give gave heard hearing hears
paid paying pays
take took exploited exploiting exploits

sing sang

dance danced

sing sang

hear heard

pay paid

exploit exploited

Dynamic English Grammar & Composition Book- 3 75

Forms of Main Verb

Singular and Plural Verb

Present Plural: V1 eat, play, go, call, say, give, take, sing, dance
Present Singular: V5 eats, plays, goes, calls, says, gives, takes, sings,

dances

Regular Verb

V1 V2 V3 V4 V5
play played played playing plays
call called called calling calls
dance danced danced dancing dances
look looked looked looking looks
walk walked walked walking walks
cook cooked cooked cooking cooks

Irregular Verb

V1 V2 V3 V4 V5
cut cut cut cutting cuts
read read read reading reads
find found found finding finds
sing sang sung singing sings
drive drove driven driving drives
buy bought bought buying buys

Instant Practice

Complete the following table.

V1 V2 V3 V4 V5
accept
bake
curse
dry

76 Dynamic English Grammar & Composition Book- 3

hand 77
jump
mark
save
try
work
climb
fly
graze
swim
run
cry
scold
fall
get
keep
make
sell

Instant Practice

Underline auxiliary verbs in the following sentences.

1. I am a hardworking boy.

2. He is from the USA.

3. We are moving to Kathmandu.

4. It was a nice day yesterday.

5. They were at the party too.

6. I have an urgent piece of work.

7. He has many European friends.

8. You had a car, didn’t you?

Dynamic English Grammar & Composition Book- 3

9. You do it now.
10. What did you do yesterday?
11. He does everything on time.
12. It will rain today.
13. I may call you later.
14. What shall I do for you?
15. He used to sing songs.

Instant Practice

Underline main verbs in the following sentences.
1. Slow and steady wins the race.
2. He goes to school on foot.
3. She ate pizza yesterday.
4. I have visited the Taj Mahal once.
5. Two and two makes four.
6. He prepares a cup of tea.
7. It rained heavily yesterday.
8. I sing a song.
9. My mother cooked delicious food.
10. His father has gone to Kathmandu.
11. A lion caught a small mouse.
12. The mouse asked for an excuse.
13. The lion laughed at the mouse.
14. Even a mouse helps the lion sometimes.
15. We walk to school together.

78 Dynamic English Grammar & Composition Book- 3

Instant Practice

Underline verbs in the following texts and list them in the following
table.

Three Bears

Do you know that there are eight different kinds of bears found around the
world? Three very different ones are polar bears, grizzly bears and Giant
Pandas.

Polar bears live in the Arctic Circle, near the North
Pole. Polar bears stay warm in very cold temperatures
because they have a layer of fat, called blubber, and
because they are covered in two layers of fur. Polar
bears are excellent swimmers and have short claws to
help them walk across ice and snow. Polar bears mostly eat seals, but they
will eat other arctic animals as well.

Grizzly bears can be found in Asia, Europe, and North
America. Grizzly bears like to eat plants, mammals
and fish. They can run over thirty miles per hour. Even
though grizzly bears are very big and strong, their cubs
only weigh one pound when they are born.

The Giant Panda lives in China and has black and white fur. This bear eats
up to thirty pounds of bamboo every day. The Giant
Panda is an endangered animal because many of the
forests where they live have been destroyed. Many
people work hard to protect Giant Pandas.

Auxiliary Verbs Main verbs

Dynamic English Grammar & Composition Book- 3 79

Vocabulary in Use restore
Circle the odd one out. arrive
demolish destroy wreck place
depart leave exit loathe
withdraw deposit store penniless
love hate detest cry
destitute poor wealthy remove
laugh smile cackle support
attach separate detach tightfisted
encourage inspire discourage powerful
generous kind liberal
weak strong forceful
Join these words that go together.
bread cold
eat thirsty
hot play
hungry butter
work drink

80 Dynamic English Grammar & Composition Book- 3

GET ADJECTIVES 6
STARTED
Chapter

Read the following text.

My name is Mahesh Regmi. I study in grade three. I live
in a small village. It is very far from the district headquarter.
It is a remote village in Nepal. My village is very
beautiful. It is clean. Many hard working people
live here. They are kind and gentle. My village
has many fast flowing streams and other resources.
The water is pure. The climate is pleasant. The environment
is green everywhere. The white snow capped mountains
tease us every day. We can eat fresh and healthy food here. There were
some poor people in the village but most of them are rich now because
of commercial farming. Most of the young people are educated while
old ones are still illiterate. Facilities like roads, drinking water,
communication, school and many more are available here.

Do You Know?
The coloured words in the given text are adjectives. they are words that
describe a noun or pronoun.

Speaking
Practice

Answer these questions based on the given text.
a. How is his village?
b. How are the people?
c. How is the water?
d. What type of food is found there?
e. Why are people rich now?

Dynamic English Grammar & Composition Book- 3 81

Quick Tip

An adjective is a word that modifies, or qualifies, a noun or
pronoun, in one of three forms of comparative degree: positive
strong, beautiful, comparative stronger, more beautiful, or superlative
strongest, most beautiful.

From the text write adjectives that describe the following nouns.
_____ village _____village _____climate
_____ people _____streams _____farming
_____mountains _____food _____environment
_____people _____ people _____grade

Listening Practice

Repeat these words after your teacher. foolish monkey
brave soldiers angry man smart boys many people
sad song old man heavy rain three houses
empty room one boy two girls small house
thin boy tall tree fat man plastic bag
cotton clothes woolen suit leather shoes red hat
blue pant yellow river black belt
green forest white house round table oval face

Instant Practice

Underline adjectives in the following sentences.

1. A greedy fox is coming here.

2. I saw a big elephant yesterday.

3. You are a lazy girl.

82 Dynamic English Grammar & Composition Book- 3

4. He is a young boy.
5. My grandfather is very old person.
6. I always carry eight books.
7. My bag is made up of leather.
8. Food is not fresh in Kathmandu.
9. Kathmandu is a crowded city.
10. The sun is very hot.

Instant Practice

Match the noun words with their appropriate adjective words.
narrow boy
tall hair
sharp night
dark knives
deep lane
long ocean
red pillar
green playground
smart vegetables
large rose

Grammar Focus: Types of Adjectives

Look and read.

a yellow car a heavy luggage an expensive bag hot tea
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Dynamic English Grammar & Composition Book- 3

cold drinks a rainy day a rich man a dirty boy

a sweet candy a long neck a sick person curly hair

Adjectives are describing words. Here are some more describing
words.

Quality : young, adult, hard, soft, lonely, strong, dull, intelligent, easy,
difficult, good, bad, honest, obedient, silly, friendly, brave,
angry, smart, handsome, stupid, foolish, happy, sad, old, etc.

Quantity : numerous, abundant, empty, few, full, heavy, many, etc.

Number : five thousands, ten lakhs, one, two, three, four, two hundred,
etc.
Size
Shape : tall, fat, small, long, short, thin, etc.
Material : triangular, circular, round, flat, oval, slant, etc.
: plastic, golden, leather, cotton, woolen, etc.

Colour : yellow, black, red, green, white, blue, brown, etc.

Instant Practice

Read these phrases and complete the following table.

a red cap a tall boy a long rope three dogs
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Dynamic English Grammar & Composition Book- 3

an honest boy a small girl a white cat a round cake

six players a thick box a green tree an oval face

a stupid person a rectangular a short boy a huge ship
room

Quality
Number
Shape

Size
Colour

Dynamic English Grammar & Composition Book- 3 85

Grammar Focus: Adjectives of Comparison

Look and read.

A is tall. B is taller than A. C is the tallest of all.

Camera ischeap. Calculator is cheaper Balloons are the cheapest

than camera. of all.

A bus runs fast. A car runs faster than An aeroplane is the fastest

a bus. of all.
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Dynamic English Grammar & Composition Book- 3

The cat is big. The cow is bigger than The elephant is the
the cat. biggest of all.

500 1 KG
gm

50 gram is heavy. 500 gram is heavier 1 kg is the heaviest of all.
than 50 gram.

Quick Tip

The degrees of comparison are known as the positive, the
comparative, and the superlative. The words tall, cheap, fast, big and
heavy are in positive degree. Words like taller, cheaper, faster, bigger
and heavier are in comparative degree. Words like tallest, cheapest,
fastest, biggest and heaviest are in superlative degree.

Grammar Focus: Formation of Comparative and Superlative

1. Adjective + -er / -est: Adjective of one syllable adds-er in the
comparative form and -est in superlative form.

cheap cheaper cheapest

cold colder coldest

hard harder hardest

Dynamic English Grammar & Composition Book- 3 87

old older oldest

sharp sharper sharpest

2. Adjective + -r/-st: One syllable adjectives ending in -e add -r in
the comparative form and -st in the superlative form.

brave braver bravest

fine finer finest

large larger largest

nice nicer nicest

true truer truest

3. Double consonant + -er\-est

wet wetter wettest

slim slimmer slimmest

sad sadder saddest

hot hotter hottest

big bigger biggest

4. i + -er/-est: If a one- syllable adjective ends in consonant + -y,- y is
changed into -i when -er/ -est is added.

ugly uglier ugliest

pretty prettier prettiest

heavy heavier heaviest

happy happier happiest

dry drier driest

5. Irregular comparatives and superlatives

bad worse worst

far further farthest
good better best
little less least

much more most

88 Dynamic English Grammar & Composition Book- 3

6. Adjectives of more than two syllables form their comparative/
superlative by adding more to the comparative form and most in the
superlative:

valuable more valuable most valuable

useful more useful most useful

expensive more expensive most expensive

exciting more exciting most exciting

cheerful more cheerful most cheerful

Instant Practice

State the coloured adjectives in comparative and superlative form.

1. He is tall. tall taller tallest

2. Grisma is pretty.

3. Binod is intelligent.

4. This book is interesting.

5. Sabin is young.

6. The City Centre is beautiful.

7. The Bagmati River is long.

8. This street is wide.

9. John is a good student.

10. This exercise is easy.

11. This building is safe.

12. He always comes early.

Dynamic English Grammar & Composition Book- 3 89

Instant Practice

Write the comparative and superlative form of the following adjectives.

Positive Comparative Superlative
big
bright
busy
cold
dark
fast
funny
happy
hard
high
hot
large
mad
nice
quick
rich
small
tall
warm
young

Instant Practice

Express the words in parentheses in comparative form.

1. Dip can run much ______ than I. (fast).

2. Kaman comes here______ than he did before. (frequent)

3. Hema comes here______ than Naina. (late)

4. He studies______ than Mary. (serious)

90 Dynamic English Grammar & Composition Book- 3

5. He will arrive _____ than they. (soon)
6. I go there ____ than he does. (regular)
7. I go to bed______ than you. (late)
8. Jubal works_____ than Aman. (carefully)
9. She plays the guitar______ than anyone else. (good)
10. She works _____ than I. (hard)
11. They came to work _____ than usual. (early)
12. They get up every morning______ than we. (early)

Vocabulary in Use useful convenient
Circle the odd one out. rigid firm
handy inconvenient aid hinder
soft hard towering low
help assist sincere dishonest
high elevated hot freezing
honest truthful smooth bumpy
cold chilly mad happy
rough coarse true untrue
angry furious different similar
false fake
alike same

Dynamic English Grammar & Composition Book- 3 91

GET ADVERBS 7
STARTED
Chapter

Read the following text.

Almost all people do not feel good when
it rains. But whenever it rains, I feel very
good. I always take my camera and walk
outside the house clicking pictures. I
sometimes catch a cold but I never mind it.
However it rarely rains over here.
There are hardly any dirty leaves. The dust on tree leaves is washed
away slowly. Pictures of raindrops on leaves are extremelybeautiful. I have
collected quite many such pictures.
I have kept all my photographs in an album properly. Now, I have a
small collection of recently taken photographs perfectly collected in
an album. Thus, I am planning for a photography exhibition this year.

Do You Know?
In the above given text, the coloured words are adverbs. They are
modifiers.

Speaking
Practice

Say what words are adverbs in the following sentences.
a. Almost all people do not feel good when it rains.
b. But whenever it rains, I feel very good.
c. I sometimes catch a cold but I never mind it.
d. There are hardly any dirty leaves.
e. The dust on tree leaves is washed away slowly.

92 Dynamic English Grammar & Composition Book- 3

Quick Tip

An adverb is a word that modifies a verb, an adjective, or another
adverb. Adverbs may indicate place or direction, time, degree, manner,
and belief or doubt. Like adjectives, they too may be comparative.

Look and read.
Mira sings beautifully.
The child is crying loudly.
I waited for my turn patiently.
Kamala dances very well.
The beggar is walking slowly.
Farmers work regularly.
I walked hurriedly.
The thief ran quickly.
They danced merrily.

Quick Tip

Adverbs tell us more about verbs.

Read and learn. How: It tells about way or manner.
He always speaks politely.
It was raining so I stayed inside. Where: It tells about place.
It is my birthday today.
I brush my teeth every day. When: It tells about time.

How often: It tells about how frequent
the action is.

Dynamic English Grammar & Composition Book- 3 93

Quick Tip

Adverbs tell how, where, when, and frequency of an action.

Look and read. WHERE
Ram, stand up!
HOW Please sit down!
He walks slowly. The dog is walking around the tree.
The dog ran quickly. I am pretty well here.
I do my homework regularly. What are you doing there?
Please write neatly. It is water everywhere.
Do it quietly. The boys are playing outside.
I bit him badly.
The baby is walking lazily.

WHEN FREQUENCY
It is very cold today. She often scolds her sister.
What did you do yesterday? He always walks on foot.
I will call you later. You never invite us.
I am reading now. I brush my teeth twice a day.
He will come soon. The clock strikes hourly.
She called me last week. I rarely sing songs.
We organize exhibition yearly. This is a weekly newspaper.

94 Dynamic English Grammar & Composition Book- 3

Listening Practice

Repeat these adjectives and adverbs after your teacher.

Adjective Adverb Adjective Adverb
bad badly loud loudly
beautiful beautifully month monthly
brave bravely nice nicely
bright brightly peaceful peacefully
careful carefully quick quickly
correct correctly quiet quietly
easy easily slow slowly
fierce fiercely soft softly
gentle gently sound soundly
glad gladly sweet sweetly
happy happily usual usually
heavy heavily week weekly
hour hourly year yearly

Instant Practice

Write how do you do the following things.

argue ______________ crawl ______________

fight ______________ give ______________

listen ______________ reply ______________

run ______________ shout ______________
sing ______________ speak ______________
trust ______________ walk ______________
work ______________ sleep ______________
sleep ______________ cry ______________
drink ______________ look ______________

Dynamic English Grammar & Composition Book- 3 95

Instant Practice

Underline adverbs in the following sentences.
1. Boys, dress yourself smartly.
2. They are living happily.
3. Don’t behave selfishly.
4. He is driving recklessly.
5. Most of the boys are singing sweetly.
6. The cheetah runs fast.
7. He speaks clearly.
8. Listen carefully.
9. Nepalese soldiers fought bravely.
10. She skated beautifully.
11. The dog is barking fiercely.
12. He told every answer correctly.
13. It is raining heavily.
14. The sun is shining brilliantly.
15. We must play skillfully.

Instant Practice

Underline adverbs in the following sentences.
1. An early bird catches the worm.
2. Do things differently.
3. He sat with me closely.
4. He speaks English well.

96 Dynamic English Grammar & Composition Book- 3

5. I am waiting for you eagerly. 97
6. I will call you again.
7. It snowed heavily last night.
8. It will be holiday tomorrow.
9. Mina wears her uniform untidily.
10. Please talk slowly.
11. She does everything nicely.
12. The bird sings sweetly.
13. The weather is fine this morning.
14. We arrived in Kathmandu safely.
15. You called me lately.

Instant Practice

Match the following words with correct adverbs.
drive soundly
drink hardly
shout properly
dress willingly
write politely
greet wildly
help slowly
do loudly
hit smartly
sleep legibly

Dynamic English Grammar & Composition Book- 3

Instant Practice

Fill in the banks with one of the adverbs from the box below.

1. He came back…………

2. I have been working…………….for 2 years.

3. He ……..walks barefoot.

4. She ………listens to us.

5. The teacher answered questions……..
6. It is raining…….outside.
7. We defeated them……
8. Birds sing………..

9. I can do it……..

10. Eat…….if you want to catch the first bus. effortlessly
tactfully heavily easily sweetly quickly
immediately here always never

Instant Practice

Change the following adjectives into adverbs.

strong _______________ sharp _______________

brilliant _______________ comfortable _______________

cruel _______________ clear _______________

regular _______________ immediate _______________

patient _______________ neat _______________

smart _______________ calm _______________

easy _______________ firm _______________

98 Dynamic English Grammar & Composition Book- 3

warm _______________ cold _______________
slow _______________ wise _______________
weak _______________ loud _______________

Vocabulary in Use

Match these people and creatures with their homes.
boarder monastery
convict lodging house
eskimo palace
gypsy log/cabin
king igloo
lodger prison
lumberman / jack caravan
lunatic asylum
man house
monk boarding house
Encircle the odd word.
bath shower toothbrush wash
duck goose swan frog
leaves banana mangoes oranges
summer winter spring falls
tusks trunk feet rocks

Dynamic English Grammar & Composition Book- 3 99

GET SENTENCES 8
STARTED
Chapter

Read the following sentences.

First Set Second Set
School is very important place. dogs pets to are wonderful have

Teachers teach you how to add and dogs tricks know do how to

subtract. love to run they and play

You learn how to read books. furry dogs are and very cute

You learn how to write and use they animals are faithful
computers.

It is important to go to school. they when lick you love to you hug
them

I love going to school. fun to have they are

I think school is important for

kids.

Do You Know?

The words in the first set make sense but the second set has jumbled
words that do not make sense. The first set has words arranged in correct
order and correct punctuation mark. The second set does not have words
arranged in correct order and correct punctuation mark.

Speaking
Practice

Say whether these words are arranged in right order or not.
a. dogs tricks know do how to
b. Teachers teach you how to add and subtract.

100 Dynamic English Grammar & Composition Book- 3