JUJ 2016

1

MODUL
BAHASA INGGERIS

1119
PROJEK JAWAB UNTUK JAYA (JUJ) 2016

© Hak Cipta Jawab Untuk Jaya (JUJ) Pahang 2016

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Preface
Assalamualaikum w.b.t.
Dear teachers and students,
This JUJ (Jawab Untuk Jaya) English Language module is actually the first move in our
efforts to come up with a comprehensive module of 1119 English Language teaching.
This module provides simple and step-by-step guides and practices which aim to help
teachers assist students the better ways in answering 1119 exam questions.
It is our hope that this module can be of great help to all English teachers to improve their
students’ performance.
Thank you.

© Hak Cipta Jawab Untuk Jaya (JUJ) Pahang 2016

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Content:
1. Preface

2. Content
3. Directed Writing

- Article
- Informal letter
- Speech
- Formal letter
- Report

4. Continuous Writing
5. Grammar

6. Rational Cloze

7. Reading Comprehension and Summary

8. Poem
- The Living Photograph
- The Charge of The Light Brigade
- A Poison Tree
- What Has Happened To Lulu?

9. Captain Nobody
- Notes
- Practices
- Personal Response

10. Panel members

© Hak Cipta Jawab Untuk Jaya (JUJ) Pahang 2016

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DIRECTED
WRITING

© Hak Cipta Jawab Untuk Jaya (JUJ) Pahang 2016

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1119/1
DIRECTED WRITING

35 marks
45 minutes

Format – 3 marks
Content points – 12 marks
Language – 20 marks

FORMAT:
1. ARTICLE

OUR HERO F1
Title
by Alina
F2
.................... wish him all the best for his future. Writer’s name

F3
Ending
(wish/hope)

© Hak Cipta Jawab Untuk Jaya (JUJ) Pahang 2016

6 F1
Sender’s
2. FORMAL LETTER
Consumer Club, &
SMK Kuantan,
25000 Kuantan. Recipient’s address
The Manager,
SKF Malaysia Sdn. Bhd., F2
472, Jalan Kuantan, Date
52000 Kuala Lumpur.
03 March 2016 &
Dear sir, ( ONLY USE THIS) Salutation (Dear sir)
PERMISSION TO VISIT YOUR FACTORY
F3
Yours faithfully, (ONLY USE THIS) Title
David
David Tan &
Consumer Club Secretary (STATE YOUR NAME AND POST)
Signing off
(Yours faithfully)

3. INFORMAL LETTER 123, Taman ABC, F1
Dear Atilia, (name) 25000 Kuantan. Sender’s address

3 March 2016 F2

Salutation (Dear name)

Your friend, (DO NOT USE Yours faithfully) F3
Betty Signing off

© Hak Cipta Jawab Untuk Jaya (JUJ) Pahang 2016

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To
4. REPORT
To: Mr Lee F2
Title
Principal (REPORT ON..)
SMK Kuantan
REPORT ON THE SCHOOL SPORTS EQUIPMENT F3
From
Reported by, (Reported by
Lee & name
LEE LI LI & post)
Secretary
Sports Committee

5. SPEECH F1
Greetings (Good morning)
Good morning ........
F2
I am going to give a speech entitled “Healthy Lifestyle” in Speech title & purpose
accordance with World’s Health Day …

......... Thank you. F3
Ending (Thank you)

© Hak Cipta Jawab Untuk Jaya (JUJ) Pahang 2016

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CRITERIA FOR MARKING SCHEME FOR DIRECTED WRITING LANGUAGE

MARK DESCRIPTION OF CRITERIA

RANGE

A • The language is accurate apart from occasional draft slips.
19 - 20 • Sentence structure is varied and shows that the candidate is able to use sentence

length and type to achieve an intended effect.

• Vocabulary shows some sophistication and is used with precision.
• Punctuation is correct.
• Spelling is correct across the whole range of vocabulary used.
• Paragraphs have unity.

• The tone is appropriate.

B • The language is almost accurate but there may be more minor of first draft slips.
16 - 18 • Errors may also arise from more ambitious structures which are imperfectly

understood.

• Sentences show some variations in length and type, including the confident use
of complex sentences.

• Vocabulary is wide enough to show intended meaning.

• Spelling is nearly always accurate.
• The tone is informal and appropriate to the intended person. The reader is

satisfied that a genuine attempt has been made.

• The language is largely accurate to communicate meaning clearly to the reader.

• Simple structures are used without errors; mistakes may occur when more
sophisticated structures are attempted.

C • Vocabulary is adequate to convey intended meaning although it may not be
13 - 15 sufficiently developed to achieve precision.

• Sentences show some variety of length and structures although there is a
tendency to repeat some sentence types, giving it a monotonous effect.

• Punctuation is generally accurate although errors may occur in more complex
uses.

• Must be written in paragraphs which show some unity, although links may be
absent or inappropriate.

• Slang or formal language is used from time to time.

• The language is sufficiently accurate.

• There will be patches of clarity particularly when simple structures are used.
• Mistakes will occur when more complex sentences are used.

D • There may be some variety of sentence length and type but this may not be
10 - 12 successful in enhancing meaning or arousing interest.

• Vocabulary is adequate but lacks precision.
• Simple words spelt correctly,but errors occur when unfamiliar words are used
• Punctuation is generally correct but does not enhance or clarify meaning.
• Sentence separation errors may occur.

• Must be written in paragraphs which may show some unity in topic. Lapse in
slang or formal language may occur consistently.

© Hak Cipta Jawab Untuk Jaya (JUJ) Pahang 2016

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E • Meaning is never in doubt, but single errors are sufficiently frequent and serious
7-9 to hamper precision and speed of reading.

U (i) • Some simple structures will be accurate but accuracy is not sustained for long.
4-6 • Vocabulary is limited and either too simple to convey precise meaning or are

U (ii) imperfectly understood.
2-3
U (iii) • Simple words will usually be spelt accurately but mistakes will occur when more
0-1 difficult words are used.

• Must have paragraphs but these lack unity and links are incorrectly used or the
speech may not be paragraphed at all. There may be errors of sentences
separation and punctuation.

• The tone may be appropriate.
• Meaning is fairly clear.
• The reader feels that the correction of ‘single word’ errors may produce a piece

of fairly accurate English, but the incidence of error is high and will definitely
impede the reading.

• Very few simple structures are used accurately.
• Vocabulary may not extend beyond a simple range of words that are inadequate

to express intended shades of meaning.

• Paragraphs will sometimes be used correctly but sentence separation errors may
occur.

• Paragraphs may not be used, or if used, show a lack of planning.
• There may be frequent spelling errors.
• The style may not be appropriate.
• Sense will usually be decipherable, but some of the errors will be multiple,

requiring the reader to re-read and re-organise before meaning becomes clear

• Whole sections may make little or no sense.
• Unlikely to be more than one or two accurate sentences.
• Scripts in this category are entirely impossible to reorganise as pieces of English.
• Whole sections may make no sense at all or are copied from the task.
• Award ‘1’ mark if some sense can be obtained.
• The mark ‘0’ should only be awarded if the composition makes no sense at all,

from the beginning to the end.

© Hak Cipta Jawab Untuk Jaya (JUJ) Pahang 2016

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ARTICLE

PRACTICE 1 - Environment

Haze has been an ongoing problem in many countries in the Southeast Asia region, and Malaysia
is one of the worst affected countries. As the President of the Nature Club of your school, you
have been asked by your teacher to write an article about the effects of haze on our health and
the precautionary steps to be taken.

Using the notes below, write your article.

Effects:
• eye, nose, and throat irritation
• asthma attacks
• heart failure

Precautions to take:
• indoors
• a mask
• bathe regularly
• exercise indoors
• outdoor activities
• balanced food
• a lot of water
• air-conditioned room

When writing the article, you should remember to:
• give a suitable title
• write your name as the writer
• include all the information given
• Suggest two possible actions the authority can take to prevent haze from getting worse

© Hak Cipta Jawab Untuk Jaya (JUJ) Pahang 2016

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Guideline for Students

…………………………………………………. F1 – Title

…………………………………. F2 – Name

………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………… Introduction

………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………….. C1

……..……………………………………………………………………… C1 - elaboration

………..…………………………………………………………………… C2

…………..………………………………………………………………… C2 - elaboration

……………..……………………………………………………………… C3

………………..…………………………………………………………… C3 - elaboration

…………………..…………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………….. C4

……..……………………………………………………………………… C4 - elaboration

………..…………………………………………………………………… C5

…………..………………………………………………………………… C5 - elaboration

……………..……………………………………………………………… C6

………………..…………………………………………………………… C6 - elaboration

…………………..…………………………………………………………

…..…………………………………………………………….. C7

……..……………………………………………………………………… C7 - elaboration

© Hak Cipta Jawab Untuk Jaya (JUJ) Pahang 2016

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………..…………………………………………………………………… C8
…………..………………………………………………………………… C8 - elaboration
…………….………………………………………………………………… C9
………………..…………………………………………………………… C9 - elaboration

....………………………………………………………………… C10
…………………………………………………………………………….. C10 - elaboration
……..……………………………………………………………………… C11
………..…………………………………………………………………… C11 - elaboration
…………..………………………………………………………………… C12
……………..……………………………………………………………… C12 - elaboration
………………..……………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………….. F3 – Ending
……………………………………………………………………………… (hope/wish)
………………………………………………………………………………

Guideline for Elaboration- Students

Paragraph Contents Guided questions for elaboration

Introduction • Provide a statistic on air Example:
(Para 1) pollution index. • What is the current Malaysia air pollution

Content • Relate the statistic to the index?
(Para 2) topic. • How does it affect the environment?
The effects
• Provide thesis statement. Example:
C1 - eye, nose, and throat • What are the effects of haze on our health?
irritation • Who are likely to be affected by haze?
C2 - asthma attacks • Why / How / When / Where
C3 - heart failure.

© Hak Cipta Jawab Untuk Jaya (JUJ) Pahang 2016

Content C4 - indoors 13
(Para 3)
Example:
Precautions to • Why should we stay indoors?
take C5 - a mask • Who are advised to stay indoors?
• What / When / Where / How
C6 - bathe regularly Example:
• Why should we wear a mask?
C7 - exercise indoors • Who are advised to wear a mask?
• What / When / Where / How
C8 - outdoor • What / When / Where / How
activities Example:
• Why should we bathe regularly?
Content C9 - balanced food • How many times a day should we bathe?
(Para 4) C10 - a lot of water • What / When / Where / Who
Example:
Precautions • Why should we exercise indoors?
to take • State examples of indoor exercises.
• Who / When / Where / How
C11 - air-conditioned Example:
room • Why should we avoid the outdoor activities?
• State examples of outdoor activities.
Content C12 - • Who / When / Where / How
(Para 5) C13 - Example:
Actions the • Why should we eat balanced food?
authority can hope / wish • State examples of balanced food
take • Who / When / Where / How
Example:
Conclusion • Why should we drink a lot of water?
(Para 5) • How many glasses of water should we drink?
• Who / When / Where / What
Example:
• Why should we use air-conditioned room?
• Who / When / Where / How / What

Action 1:

Action 2:

Example:
• Include ‘Prevention is better than cure’
• Include “Health is Wealth”

© Hak Cipta Jawab Untuk Jaya (JUJ) Pahang 2016

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INFORMAL LETTER

PRACTICE 2 - Health

One of your friends is worried about the dengue cases reported in his/ her neighbourhood. Write
a letter to your friend, informing him/her about the symptoms of dengue and advising him/her
on dengue treatment and how to prevent it.

Use the notes below to write your letter.

• Symptoms
- sudden high fever
- pain behind the eyes
- nausea – vomiting
- skin rash

• Treatments
- a lot of rest
- plenty of water
- clinic or hospital

• Precautions
- mosquito net and repellent
- long sleeved shirt when outdoor
- breeding areas

When writing your letter, you should remember to include the following:
• address
• salutation
• closing
• all the notes given
• Recommend two effective programmes your friend’s neighbourhood can organize to raise

public awareness on the danger of dengue

© Hak Cipta Jawab Untuk Jaya (JUJ) Pahang 2016

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Guideline for Students

………………………………..

……………………………….. F1 – address

………………………………..

……………………………….. Date

Dear ……………………., F2 – name

..……………………………………………………………. Introduction

…………………………………………………………………………… (from the rubric)

……………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………. C1

…………………………………………………………………………… C1 - elaboration

…………………………………………………………………………… C2

…………………………………………………………………………… C2 - elaboration

…………………………………………………………………………… C3

…………………………………………………………………………… C3 - elaboration

…………………………………………………………………………… C4

…………………………………………………………………………… C4 - elaboration

……………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………. C5

…………………………………………………………………………… C5 - elaboration

…………………………………………………………………………… C6

…………………………………………………………………………… C6 - elaboration

© Hak Cipta Jawab Untuk Jaya (JUJ) Pahang 2016

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…………………………………………………………………………… C7

…………………………………………………………………………… C7 - elaboration

…………………………………………………………………………… C8

…………………………………………………………………………….. C8 - elaboration

……………………………………………………………………………..

………………………………………………………………. C9

…………………………………………………………………………… C9 - elaboration

…………………………………………………………………………… C10

…………………………………………………………………………… C10 - elaboration

…………………………………………………………………………… C11

…………………………………………………………………………… C11 - elaboration

…………………………………………………………………………… C12

…………………………………………………………………………… C12 - elaboration

……………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………. Closing

…………………………………………………………………………… (hope/wish)

……………………………………………………………………………

Your friend, F3 – signing off

………………………..

© Hak Cipta Jawab Untuk Jaya (JUJ) Pahang 2016

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Guideline for Elaboration- Students

Introduction • Provide a report on Example:
(Para 1) dengue fever in the • What is the current issue on dengue?
neighbourhood • How does it affect Malaysians?
Content • Who got affected by dengue?
(Para 2) • Relate the report to the • How did the persons get affected?
Symptoms topic.
• What are the symptoms of dengue?
Content • Provide thesis statement. • Explain the symptoms.
(Para 3) - Sudden high fever – temperature
Treatment C1 - Sudden high fever - Pain behind the eyes – reddened
C2 - Pain behind the eyes - Nausea – vomiting - severe
Content C3 - Nausea – vomiting - Skin rash – part of the body
(Para 4) C4 - Skin rash • Who / When / Where / Why
Prevention • What are the necessary treatments of
C5 – A lot of rest dengue?
C6 - Plenty of water • Get a lot of rest – State the ways.
C7 – Clinic or hospital • Drink plenty of fluids – amount of
water
C8 - Mosquito net and • Clinic or hospital- Why do you need
repellent to see a doctor?
C9 - Long sleeved shirt • Who / When / Where
when outdoor • What should we do to prevent
C10 – Breeding areas dengue?
• Why do you use mosquito net and
repellent?
• Why should you wear long sleeved
shirt when outdoor? / State other examples
of attires.
• What should you do to destroy
breeding areas?

Content C11 – • Famous saying:
(Para 5) - Prevention is better than cure
- An apple a day keeps the doctor
away

Programme 1:

Useful C12 - Programme 2 :
programmes Closing
• Refer to the rubric
Conclusion • Famous saying
(Para 6) - Health is wealth

© Hak Cipta Jawab Untuk Jaya (JUJ) Pahang 2016

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SPEECH

PRACTICE 3 – People

Your friend, Gurjit, was involved in an accident a few years ago. As a result, he is now disabled.
However, he became a better accomplished person and has contributed a lot to the society. As
Gurjit’s best friend, you are asked to give a speech during the school assembly about his
contribution.

Use the following notes to help you.

Before the accident
• smart but a playful boy
• took things for granted
• did not have motivation to succeed

The accident
• 14 years old
• was hit by a car while riding a motorbike
• paralysed lower half of his body

After the accident
• became a better person
• involved in charity work
• has impressive achievements
• joined the Paralympics

When writing your speech, remember to:
• greet your audience
• mention the purpose of the speech
• include all the points given
• end your speech appropriately
• provide two lessons that you learn from Gurjit’s story

© Hak Cipta Jawab Untuk Jaya (JUJ) Pahang 2016

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Guideline for Students

…..………………………………………………………… F1 - greeting
…………………………………………………………………………… F2 – purpose or
…………………………………………………………………………… title of speech
…………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………… C1
…………………………………………………………………………….. C1 - elaboration
…………………………………………………………………………….. C2
…………………………………………………………………………….. C2 - elaboration
…………………………………………………………………………….. C3
…………………………………………………………………………….. C3 - elaboration
…………………………………………………………………………….. C4
…………………………………………………………………………….. C4 - elaboration
……………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………… C5
…………………………………………………………………………….. C5 - elaboration
…………………………………………………………………………….. C6
…………………………………………………………………………….. C6 - elaboration
…………………………………………………………………………….. C7
…………………………………………………………………………….. C7 - elaboration
…………………………………………………………………………….. C8

© Hak Cipta Jawab Untuk Jaya (JUJ) Pahang 2016

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…………………………………………………………………………….. C8 - elaboration
……………………………………………...………………….. C9

……………………………….…………………………………………… C9 - elaboration
…………………………………………………………………………….. C10
…………………………………………………………………………….. C10 - elaboration
…………………………………………………………………………….. C11
…………………………………………………………………………….. C11 - elaboration
…………………………………………………………………………….. C12
…………………………………………………………………………….. C12 - elaboration
……………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………… Closing
(hope/wish)

……………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………… F3 – thank you

© Hak Cipta Jawab Untuk Jaya (JUJ) Pahang 2016

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Guideline for Elaboration- Students

Para Contents Guided questions for elaboration

Introduction • Greeting • Who is he?

(Para 1) • Purpose of speech • What is his relationship to you?

Para 2 C1- smart and playful boy • What was one example of the mischief?

C2- took things for granted • What happened as a result of his behaviour?
Before the C3- did not have
accident • In general, what kind of person was he?
motivation to succeed
• Why / When / Where / How

Para 3 C4- 14 years old • Where was he heading to when he was riding
C5- hit by a car while his motorbike?
The riding a motorbike
accident C6- paralysed lower half • Describe the gruesome accident briefly.
of his body • Describe his physical condition.
• When / Why / How

Para 4 C7- became a better • Use the expression ‘turn over a new leaf’
person • What are some of his achievements?
After the C8- involved in charity • When did he join the Paralympics and in what
accident work
C9- has impressive event?
achievements
C10- even joined the • Why / Where / How
Paralympics

Para 5 C11 Lesson 1:

Lessons C12 Lesson 2 :
learnt
Conclusion • End of speech • Advise other students not to give up.
(Para 5) (hope/wish) • Include the expression ‘strike while the iron is

hot’ / make hay while the sun shines.

© Hak Cipta Jawab Untuk Jaya (JUJ) Pahang 2016

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FORMAL LETTER

PRACTICE 4 – Science & Technology

You have been selected to further your studies in one of the local universities. Write a letter of
application to Yayasan Pahang applying for a scholarship based on the notes below.

• Personal details
! Name
! Age
! Family background

• Education background
! Primary school
! Secondary school

• Co-curricular involvement
! Sports
! Clubs
! Uniformed Body

• Achievement
! Represent state – Robotics Competition
! Awarded as Innovative Students of the Year

When writing the letter, you should remember to:
• lay out the letter correctly (addresses, date, salutation, title, closing)
• use all the notes given
• include two other points why you need to apply for the scholarship

© Hak Cipta Jawab Untuk Jaya (JUJ) Pahang 2016

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Guideline for Students

…..…………………………

……………………………

……………………………

F1 - sender’s

…………………………… address &
…………………………… recipient address

……………………………

……………………….. F2 – date &

…………………… Dear sir

…………………………………………………………………………….. F3 - Title &

……………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………….. Introduction

……………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………… C1

…………………………………………………………………………….. C1 & elaboration

…………………………………………………………………………….. C2

…………………………………………………………………………….. C2 & elaboration

…………………………………………………………………………….. C3

…………………………………………………………………………….. C3 & elaboration

…………………………………………………………………………….. C4

…………………………………………………………………………….. C4 & elaboration

© Hak Cipta Jawab Untuk Jaya (JUJ) Pahang 2016

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…………………………………………………………… C5
…………………………………………………………………………….. C5 & elaboration
…………………………………………………………………………….. C6
…………………………………………………………………………….. C6 & elaboration
…………………………………………………………………………….. C7
…………………………………………………………………………….. C7 & elaboration
…………………………………………………………………………….. C8
…………………………………………………………………………….. C8 & elaboration

…………………………………………………………… C9
…………………………………………………………………………….. C9 & elaboration
…………………………………………………………………………….. C10
…………………………………………………………………………… C10 &
…………………………………………………………………………….. elaboration
…………………………………………………………………………….. C11
…………………………………………………………………………….. C11 &
…………………………………………………………………………….. elaboration
…………………………………………………………………………….. C12
…………………………………………………………………………….. C12 &
…………………………………………………………………………….. elaboration

…………………………………………………………….. Closing
…………………………………………………………………………….. F3 – signing off

(with name)
……………………..

© Hak Cipta Jawab Untuk Jaya (JUJ) Pahang 2016

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Guideline for Elaboration- Students

Paragraph Contents Guided questions for elaboration

Introduction Objective of the letter • What is you purpose of writing the
(Para 1) letter
Content C1 – name What is your name?
(Para 2) C2 – age • How old are you?
C3 – family background • What is your father’s job?
Personal • What is your mother’s job?
Details • Where / When / Why / Who
•

Content C4 – primary school • Where did you go during your
(Para 3) C5 – secondary school primary school?
• Which school did you go in
Education secondary level?
Background • When / Why / What / How / Who

Content C6 – sports • Name the kind of sports you were
(Para 4) C7 – club involved in?

Co- C8 – uniformed body • What club did you join in school?
curricular • What position did you hold in the
Involvement club?
• State one of the uniformed bodies
that you participated in
• When / Where / Why / How / Who

Content C9 – represent state – • List your best achievements in
(Para 5) school.
Robotics competition • What is your positive attribute and
Achievement C10 – awarded as how does it affect your performance.
& Strength • Why / How / When / Where
Innovative Student of the
Year

Content C11 Reason 1:
(Para 6) C12 Reason 2:

Conclusion Closing • I hope you will give us a favourable
(hope/wish) reply soon.

• I would be very honoured if …
• I sincerely hope that you will give
me a positive response.

© Hak Cipta Jawab Untuk Jaya (JUJ) Pahang 2016

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REPORT

PRACTICE 5 – Social Issue

Disciplinary cases have been an ongoing problem occurring in many schools in our country
nowadays. As the Head Prefect of your school, you have been asked by your teacher to write a
report about the problems and suggestions to solve this matter.

Use the notes given below to write your report

Problems:
• smoking
• bullying
• gangsterism
• vandalism
• playing truant
• theft

Suggestions
• counselling session
• parents’ attention
• motivational talk
• ongoing monitoring

When writing the report, you should remember to:

• address your report to the Principal
• provide a title
• include your name
• use all the notes given
• suggest two other ways the community can contribute in solving disciplinary problems

© Hak Cipta Jawab Untuk Jaya (JUJ) Pahang 2016

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Guideline for Students

……………………………… F1 – To (person’s

position)

……………………………………………………………. F2- Title

……………………………………………………………… Introduction :

…………………………………………………………………………….. (from the rubric)

……………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………… C1

…………………………………………………………………………….. C1 - elaboration

……………………………………………………………………………. C2

…………………………………………………………………………… C2 - elaboration

……………………………………………………………………………. C3

…………………………………………………………………………… C3 - elaboration

……………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………… C4

…………………………………………………………………………….. C4 - elaboration

……………………………………………………………………………. C5

…………………………………………………………………………… C5 - elaboration

……………………………………………………………………………. C6

…………………………………………………………………………… C6 - elaboration

……………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………… C7

© Hak Cipta Jawab Untuk Jaya (JUJ) Pahang 2016

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…………………………………………………………………………….. C7 - elaboration
……………………………………………………………………………. C8
…………………………………………………………………………… C8 - elaboration
……………………………………………………………………………. C9
…………………………………………………………………………… C9 - elaboration
……………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………… C10
…………………………………………………………………………….. C10 - elaboration
……………………………………………………………………………. C11
…………………………………………………………………………… C11 - elaboration
……………………………………………………………………………. C12
…………………………………………………………………………… C12 - elaboration
……………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………… Closing
…………………………………………………………………………….. (hope/wish)
……………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………

…………………………. F3 – Signing off
(…………………………..) (with name and
…………………………..
position)

© Hak Cipta Jawab Untuk Jaya (JUJ) Pahang 2016

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Guideline for Elaboration- Students

Paragraph Contents Guided questions for elaboration

Introduction • Provide a general • What is the major concern of disciplinary
(Para 1) view on the topic case occurring especially in your school?

Content • Provide thesis • How does it affect the school environment?
(Para 2) statement.
Problems • What are the causes for the students to be
Content C1 – smoking involved in such disciplinary cases?
(Para 3) C2- bullying
Problems C3- gangsterism • Why do such cases happen?
C4- vandalism • Who are likely to be affected in such
Content C5- playing truant
(Para 4) C6- theft cases?
Suggestions • How does it affect you as students in that
C7- counselling session
Content C8- parents’ attention school?
(Para 5) C9- motivational talk • When / Where
C10 – ongoing • What are the ways to prevent such cases
Community’s monitoring
contribution C11 from spreading around?
• Who are responsible to prevent such
Conclusion C12
(Para 6) disciplinary cases from worsening?
Closing • Why it is important to monitor the

(hope/wish) students’ progress (peer influence)?
• What will happen to the students if they

fail to follow the school rules?
• When / Where / How
• How can the community help in solving

disciplinary cases?
What is the benefit if the community is
involved?

• Include ‘spare the rod and spoil the child’

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CONTINUOUS
WRITING

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1119/1
CONTINUOUS WRITING

50 marks
1 hour

TYPES OF CONTINUOUS WRITING
• NARRATIVE – writing a story
• ARGUMENTATIVE – stating views
• DESCRIPTIVE – describing an event/scene, place, person
• FACTUAL – characterising facts
• REFLECTIVE – reflecting OWN experience

COMPONENTS IN CONTINUOUS WRITING
i) Brainstorming and outlining a plot to help to stimulate the mind to think deeper by
using the “5W1H” formula : -
o Who is it? (Person/People)
o What is it? (Objects/Things)
o Where is it? (Place)
o When is it? (Time)
o Why is it? (Reason)
o How is it? (Method)

ii) Paragraphing :-
o INTRODUCTION:
A brief, relevant and interesting introduction to attract readers‟ attention.
When writing the introductory paragraph, always remember “what, how & why”
questions. You must be able to lead your reader into defining the purpose of your
piece of writing.
o CONTENTS:
You must be able to define your main ideas relevant to the topic clearly and
accurately. Your supporting idea must be stated clearly which must be relevant to

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the main idea. This should be followed by further elaboration and examples which
are relevant to the main idea.
a) Main Idea
b) Supporting Idea
c) Elaboration/Explanation
d) Relevant examples
o CONCLUSION:
A convincing and satisfactory conclusion with suggestions & possible solutions.
You should be able to end your writing effectively and give your readers a sense
of completion or satisfaction. You may like to highlight the issues discussed and
suggest possible solutions to the issues highlighted.

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CRITERIA FOR MARKING SCHEME FOR CONTINUOUS WRITING LANGUAGE

MARK DESCRIPTION OF CRITERIA
RANGE
• The language is entirely accurate apart from very occasional draft
A slips.
44 - 50
• Sentence structure is varied and shows that the candidate is able to
B use various types of sentences to achieve a particular effect.
38 - 43
• Vocabulary is wide and is used with precision.
• Punctuation is accurate and helpful to the reader.
• Spelling is accurate across the full range of vocabulary used.
• Paragraphs are well-planned, have unity and are linked.
• The topic is addressed with consistent relevance.
• The interest of the reader is aroused and sustained throughout the

writing.
• The language is accurate; occasional errors are either minor of first

draft slips.
• Vocabulary is wide enough to convey intended shades of meaning

with some precision.
• Sentences show some variations of length and type, including some

complex sentences.
• Punctuation is almost always accurate and generally helpful.
• Spelling is nearly always accurate.
• Paragraphs show some evidence of planning, have unity and are

usually appropriately linked.
• The piece of writing is relevant to the topic and the interest of the

reader is aroused and sustained through most of the composition.

C • The language is largely accurate.
32 - 37 • Simple structures are used without errors; mistakes may occur when

more sophisticated structures are attempted.

• Vocabulary is wide enough to convey intended meaning but may lack
precision.

• Sentences may show some variety of length and structures but there is
a tendency to use one type of structure, giving it a monotonous effect.

• Punctuation of simple structures is accurate on the whole but errors
may occur in more complex uses.

• Simple words may be spelt correctly but errors may occur when more
sophisticated words are used.

• The composition is written in paragraphs which may show some unity,
although links may be absent or inappropriate. The writing is relevant
but may lack originality and planning. Some interest is aroused but not
sustained.

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26 - 31
• The language is sufficiently accurate to communicate meaning clearly
E to the reader.
20 - 25
• There will be patches of clear, accurate language, particularly when
U (i) simple vocabulary and structures are used.
14 - 19
• There is some variety of sentence type and length but the purpose is not
clearly seen.

• Punctuation is generally correct but does not clarify meaning.
• Vocabulary is usually adequate to show intended meaning but this is

not developed to show precision.
• Simple words will be spelt correctly, but more spelling errors will

occur.
• Paragraphs are used but show lack of planning or unity.
• The topic is addressed with some relevance but the reader may find

composition at this level lacking in liveliness and interest value.

• Meaning is never in doubt, but errors are sufficiently frequent and
serious to hamper precision and speed of reading.

• Some simple structures may be accurate, but a script at this level is
unlikely to sustain accuracy for long.

• Vocabulary is limited - either too simple to convey precise meaning or
more ambitious but imperfectly understood.

• Simple words may be spelt correctly but frequent mistakes in spelling
and punctuation make reading the script difficult.

• Paragraphs lack unity or are haphazardly arranged.
• The subject matter will show some relevance to the topic but only a

partial treatment is given.
• The high incidence of linguistic errors is likely to distract the reader

from any merits of content that the composition may have.

• Meaning is fairly clear but the high incidence of errors throughout the
writing will definitely impede the reading.

• There will be many serious errors of various kinds throughout the script
without rewriting the whole sentence.

• A script at this level will have very few accurate sentences.
• Although communication is established, the frequent errors may cause

blurring.
• Sentences will be simple and very often repetitive.
• Punctuation will sometimes be used correctly but sentence separation

errors may occur.
• Paragraphs lack unity or there may not be any paragraphs at all.

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8 - 13
• The reader is able to get some sense out of the script but errors are
U (iii) multiple in natures, requiring the reader to read and re-read before
0-7 being able to understand.

• At this level, there may be only a few accurate but simple sentences.
• The content may be comprehensible, but the incidence of linguistic

error is so high as to make meaning blur.
• This type of script may also be far short of the required number of

words.
• Scripts in this category are entirely impossible to read.
• Whole sections may make no sense at all.
• Where occasional patches of clarity occur, marks should be awarded.
• The mark ‘0’ should only be given if the script makes no sense at all,

from the beginning to the end.

1. NARRATIVE WRITING
a) Definition of a narrative
A narrative tells or narrates a story or a sequence of events. It may be about something common
or uncommon, for example, a strange encounter or events, a sudden catastrophe, a crisis, a
conflict, a victory, an exciting adventure or discovery. However, it may be also be about an
ordinary experience or the daily routines that can occur in our daily life.

b) Tips on writing a narrative
Sense of sight – colourful lights, wide variety of food, lush greeneries, dark stormy, tall, dark
and beautiful lady
Sense of smell– smell of coffee brewing, aroma of crisp fried chicken, pungent smell of rotten
eggs
Sense of touch– soft silky material, rough surface, warm pot, hot iron, slimy dirty plates
Sense of taste– bitter coffee, sweet and savoury puff, hot and spicy chicken, sour grapes
Sense of hearing– blaring of horns, the sound of footsteps, doors creaking, brakes screeching

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A SAMPLE OF A NARRATIVE ESSAY

Write a story about a fisherman beginning with:
“The wind blew strongly. Out at sea, ... ”

The wind blew strongly. Out at sea, a lonely fishing boat rocked and swayed in the waves, hardly visible in
the dim pre dawn gloom. A solitary figure was standing on the small boat, pulling in the nets that were casted the
previous night. The fisherman paused for a while and rested on the unsteady platform that made up the floor of his
weathered, battered old fishing boat. The salty wind blew on his face, caressing it like a lover, learning lasses if sea
spray on the fisherman’s grizzled beard. He breathed the smell of the sea deeply. It was going to be a good day
today.

Humming softly, the fisherman resumed hauling in the day’s catch, hoping to have a little more, to rake in a
little more money. As he pulled in the net, he noted in passing how weathered his hand had become. Chipped
fingernails, calluses as hard as rock but as rough as sandpaper; his hands were hardened from a life at sea. He had
frequently looked in the mirror at home. He was getting old. His hair, once a glossy black, was turning gray around
the edges. A wiry, sun-tanned body, with scars criss-crossing his torso, a memento of a near-fatal accident, stood
unsteadily on solid ground. He was a man of the sea. Life had been hard on him. His wife had died in childbirth, and
the child had drowned, a victim of the accident that very enarly took the fisherman’s life. His run-down shack, once
a lively place full of love, was now a lonely place with four walls and a roof.

The weathered fisherman had never liked the company of other people. He much preferred the solitude of
the massive sea. The sea, to him, was like a woman. On good days, the sea would give him glances of the splendours
of the earth, a golden sunset, reflecting off the many facets of the waves, making them glitter much more than the
most valuable jewels. Sometimes, a school of flying fish would pass, and the fisherman would watch with
amusement as the fish raced each other and glided through the air, droplets of water streaming from their fins. On
bad days, thunderstorms would fill the sky with inky darkness and rain would fall in sheets, blinding and stinging.
The waves in the deep sea would be like mountains, consuming every foolhardy seafarer that dared to cross its path.
On these days, the grizzled old fisherman stayed on shore, mending his many nets, waiting for the sea’s tantrum to
pass, where he could then return to the sea.

The nets were hauled in without much effort. With a quick glance, the fisherman noted the day’s catch.
More or less the same as yesteday’s. With a quiet sigh, he sat on a nylon mat, preparing to have his breakfast, An
early start almost always left him with enough time for a nice flask of hot coffee and some sandwiches. With a
bittersweet smile, he remembered how his wife would pack him at least eight sandwiches, even if he only ever
wanted four. The rest would be given to the fishes. Lost in his memories, the fisherman looked into the horizon.
Dawn was still quite a way off. How long had it been since he inherited this fishing boat from his father? The
weathered boards held many memories of his early fishing days. Back then, they would row out to sea. Now he had
a battered single turbine engine to propel him in any direction he wanted.

Life was rarely easy for a fisherman. Buyers from the city came every day to the warehouses, buying fishes
by the tonee for dirt cheap proces, then seling the same fishes at ten times the price. They thought the fishermen
were ignorant backwater savages, simply because they had no formal education. The fishermen knew. There was
simply nothing they could do about it. If they complained, the buyers would simply go to another, less educated area.
So, the dance continued. The fisherman was disappointed in his fellow man. For profit, humans were willing to take
advantage of other humans. This was one of the reasons why he never liked human companions. Profit driven people
became more successful in life, but what would that mean? Every man is judged fairly by the firm hand of Death.
Nobody, not even the rich, escaped his hold. The fisherman shook his head, clearing his thoughts. There was simply
no point in hoarding all this money. Better to be a simple person, loved by many, than to be a rich person, tied up in
social expectations, loved by none, save for the jackals that spout praise to enjoy favours.

The gloom was lifting. The fisherman stopped everything he was doing, looking at the horizon to
the east. The sun would rise in a few moments. Slowly, imperciptibly, the darkness got brighter. Even so steadily the
great ball of fire rose in the sky, illuminating the night sky with the colours of the rainbow. Fantastic cloud
formations looked even more fantastic as the sun’s rays hit them at an angle, showing the contrast between light and
shadow, colouring everything a bright orange. The sea glittered with a warm glow, and the wind blew slightly
harder, as if to herald the coming of a new day, to herald the baninshing of the uncertainty of nightime, to banish the
shadows of doubt, to clear the minds of all things, preparing them for a new day. In the sea, a single boat sped across
the water, heading to the shore. The fisherman was smiling. He remembered the rhyme told to him by his
grandfather all those years ago. “Red sky in the morning, sailors take warning. Red sky at night, sailors delight.” It
was going to be a fine day today.

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ARGUMENTATIVE WRITING
a) Definition of an argumentative
In an argumentative essay, students are required to state their views on an issue. These
views can be in favour or against the issue. Students may be required to make a stand or
present a balanced view of the issue and state their stand or recommendation in the
conclusion. Whatever the format required, all views, for and against, must be supported
by examples and facts.

b) Tips on the format in writing an argumentative
• Introduction - Look at the issues or topic concern

- Explain the issue or topic given
- Express stand, if required
• Body - Arguments for
- Arguments against
- Give supporting statement
- Give evidence
- Compare& contrast
- Justify argument
- Justify with examples
- Conclusion or recommendation
- Restate your stand

c) Some useful expressions in an argumentative essay
I agree…/I disagree…/I believe…/I don’t believe…
It cannot be denied…/There is no doubt…
I am sure that… My intention is… I am of the opinion…

d) How to write a “thesis statement”
Using the brainstorming techniques (5W1H) will enable the students to generate ideas &
details related to the topic concern.

• WHY? (To identify the problems/ideas related to the topic)
• HOW? (To come up with solutions/recommendation)
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a) Features of an argumentative

i) Introduction
- TO AGREE : Thesis statement of agreement
- TO DISAGREE : Thesis statement of disagreement
- NEUTRAL : Thesis statement of neutrality
ii) Body
• Topic sentence 1 (first reason) Supporting ideas to support the topic sentence
• Topic sentence 1 (Reason (s) for agreement) Supporting ideas to support the topic

sentence
• Topic sentence 2 (second reason) Supporting ideas to support the topic sentence
• Topic sentence 2 (Reason (s) for disagreement) Supporting ideas to support the topic

sentence
• Topic sentence 3 (third reason) Supporting ideas to support the topic sentence
• Topic sentence 3 (Reason (s) for dis/agreement) Supporting ideas to support the topic

sentence
iii) Conclusion

Restatement of opinion Summary of main points

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A SAMPLE OF AN ARGUMENTATIVE ESSAY

There is a lack of freedom given to teenagers today. Do you agree?

Parents these days are masters of illusion. They have succesfully convinced their children that
they have been very lenient and have given much freedom to their children but not so. Although my
generation may have freedom of speech and increased mobility, we have been imprisoned in other ways
that render these freedoms rather useless.

Freedom, though subjective has a far greater depth and meaning than just leaving children
to their own devices or giving a grown-up child a fancy car to zip around in. Freedom cann in fact only
fully manifest itself when employed within boundaries. In today’s generation we may be allowed some
kinds of freedom but we sacrifice the freedom of thoughts, maturity, experience and virtues.

In our parent’s quest to bring us up succesfully, they instill into us a competitive spirit. They
compare us to others and drill it into us that we have not succeeded till we reach the pinnacle of
everything we do. Second place is not even an option, it is first or “keep trying and work harder”. It may
sound positive to some but it only serves to teach us that other people are obstacles in our path of success
instead of teaching us to value others. It teaches us that contentment is never an option and that life is
nothing but a miserable slave workplace. It teaches us to only appreciate the final result instead of
enjoying the process of getting there. What freedom and what joy is there in such a life? We may
ultimately be free to choose the career of our preference, but was it worth it? Was it worth not being
given the freedom of making friends with those you treasure and not enjoying life simply to have the
prospect of a better job which probably would not be a splendid as it sounds. No, there is no freedom in
being competitive.

Other parents employ the phrase “do what I tell you, not what I do”, how hypocritical! Sure, we
understand that you care enough for us to desire to protect us from making the same mistakes you made.
The thing is, making mistakes is what make us human and though when we do it will hurt us and those
around us, we will learn and grow. Rather than dictating how our life should be and how we should act
and behave, allow us to make some mistakes and use those to teach us. If not, all the advice and teaching
that you ever gave would be merely head knowledge as we have yet to be able to understand how
priceless those words of advice really are. Instead of dictationg our lives, give us some space to make
mistakes. After all, there is no freedom when our lives are being run by someone else.

Many parents are just way too overprotective of their children. While a few parents are a bit more
relaxed and laid back, the majority of them treat us like dolls made from Chinese porcelain and rush to
our aid the moment we fall. Instead of allowing the pain to register and our brain to make the necessary
connections, our parents short circuit the process by removing the pain or doing whatever they can to
reduce the pain. Maaybe we should get a doctor to speak to parents and tell them how important pain is. If
you do not feel pain in a part of your body, something is seriously wrong. In the same way, something is
very wrong if parents are overprotective and trying to protect us teenagers from the slightest pin prick. If
we broke up with our boyfriend or girlfriend instead trying to solve the issue, let us think through the
issues and learn the lessons because we need to learn to avoid pain ourselves. After all, you parents will
not be around forever to shield us from pain. No pain, no gain, no pain, no freedom.

Thus, we have a generation today that has yet to experience true freedom. We have yet to
experience freedom in making good choices, yet to experience freedom in enjoying life and yet to
experience the freedom of falling down and being able to get ourselves back on our feet and keep moving
forward. We may have some worldly freedom like hanging out with friends for hours on end, but what
use is that if we do not know how to manage such freedom properly. What use is it if we are not able to
have the freedom to manage our freedom? Therefore, I believe we teenagers do not lack freedom, but we
lack freedom in the right form.

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DESCRIPTIVE WRITING
There are three (3) types of descriptive essays:

A. Describing a scene/event
B. Describing a person
C. Describing a place

A. Describing a scene/event
When describing a scene or event, you are required to write in some details about the people and
activities going on.
Guidelines in writing descriptions of scenes/events.

• Be clear about what scene/event you are describing.
• Description must be lively and interesting.
• Describe activities in details.
• Activities are arranged in order.
• Highlight person involved & what are they doing.
• Capture the mood of the scene (noise, lights & colours).

B. Describing a place

When describing a place, you are required to describe the place in detail. In your description,

include the people and activities going on.

Guidelines in writing descriptions of places.

• Give an introduction to the place

• Give a physical description of the place (from outside moving to inside)

• Describe what you see and hear

• Describe in details the activities and attractions

• Can include your personal feelings about the place DON’Ts
DO’s

• Have a good grasp of the topic • Choose a topic if you don’t understand

• Write about the place/scene only if you • Try to describe a place/scene if you are
have the knowledge about it not sure about it

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• Describe the activities of the people in it • Leave out the activities of the people in it
• Write about your feelings / impressions of • Leave out your feelings about the place/

the place or scene scene
• Write concluding lines about your • End your description without a

description conclusion

C. Describing a person

When describing a person/a group of people, you should give enough details about the

person/people. Include their lifestyle, contributions if any and daily activities.

Guidelines in writing descriptions of people

• Be clear about who you are describing

• If he/she is a famous person, mention why is he/she famous

• If it is about a group, some knowledge about them is vital

• Your description must be interesting

• Mention the special features why that person is outstanding

• Use present tense if the person is still alive

DO’s DON’Ts

• Write a clear description about the • Give a poor description of the
person or group of people person or group of people

• Describe his/her/their interests • Leave out his/her/their interests
clearly • Forget to mention about the

• Describe the lifestyle of that lifestyle of the person/group
person/group correctly • End the description abruptly

• Conclude the description orderly

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A SAMPLE OF A DESCRIPTIVE ESSAY
Describe an important family celebration and how you felt about it.

Family celebrations are events that I always look forward to celebrating. Be it a birthday
celebration or a family reunion, I am just glad to be able to be there. Occasions like these makes
me happy in the inside because being together with your beloved family members matters most
to me. You could say it is an event that you should treasure for the rest of your life. Making good
memories with them and having fun together is a must in such occasions.

There was this one particular celebration that I am fond of. It was my grandfather’s 70th
birthday celebration. During that time, I was only four or five years old if memory serves me
right. I could barely remember all of the things that happened at that time. However, when I look
at the photos that were taken of his birthday celebration, I would smile and remember fondly of
my grandfather blowing the candles on the colourful cake. It was large enough to feed more than
five people! Of course there is also ‘pansit’, a traditional food in the Phillipines. It was quite a
delicious and scrumptious food if I must say so myself.

Remembering all the good times I had when celebrating his birthday is such a pleasure. If
I remember it correctly, the occasion was held nearby a swimming pool. I remember vividly
when my cousins swam in the big pool trying to stay afloat. Smiles and happiness were written
on all of their faces. Family members and close friends attended that party. They all sang the
birthday song for my beloved grandfather, ate together, laughed together and even sang together.
I must say, Filipinos just love to talk with people and sing together.

After that, my younger brother and I tagged along to swim with our cousins. It was chilly
when I dive bombed into the pool. Splashes of water were everywhere and some of it came into
my eyes. Nonetheless, it was spectacular day to enjoy this celebration. When I looked at my
grandfather’s face with all kinds of events happening around me, he was just smiling while
viewing the moment of his life.

Now, my grandfather aging more 80 years old, is still fit as a fiddle. He said the secret to
along and healthy life is by eating nutritious foods everyday. That also includes bitter gourds
which is a vegetable I am not quite fond of. Being a half Filipino, makes me grateful and I am
happy to be able to celebrate my grandfather’s birthday.

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FACTUAL / EXPOSITORY WRITING
a) Introduction

You are required to write a composition which demands some knowledge of the topic. This
topic requires the students to investigate an idea, evaluate evidence, expound on the idea and
present in a clear and concise manner. It is based on facts such as real events or happenings, real
examples and real figures if any. If it is on a current issue, you need to have read about it.
Guidelines in writing factual / expository essay

• Understand what you should write
• Have a good knowledge on the topic
• Jot down relevant point using mind map
• Arrange the points in sequence / orderly
• Try to elaborate with real figures, examples, names
• Points must be well explained or illustrated

DO’S DON’TS
• Have a good knowledge of the • Choose a topic if you are not sure

topic about the facts
• Jot down the points • Start writing immediately
• Define the topic & give relevant • Start writing without giving any

examples clear definition
• Arrange points according to • Jumble up your points

importance • Forget to give relevant examples
• Give relevant examples & figures & illustrations

• Present points clearly • Present points poorly
• Sum up points accurately • End without a conclusion

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A SAMPLE OF A FACTUAL / EXPOSITORY ESSAY

Why are animals important to human beings?

It is said that everything was created by God for a reason and purpose. People around us
like our parents, teachers and friends all have different and unique abilities and traits that help
them to achieve a specific purpose in life. The lush greenery and beautiful mother nature that
surround us exist to provide us oxygen to live another miliseconds. So, the nagging question is,
what are the importances of animals to human beings?

First and foremost, it is clear as light and day that animals play a huge role in our daily
diet, as they are a rich source of protein. It is stated that animal’s meat are vital as they provide
all the essential amino acids that our bodies itself cannot produce. Bottom line is that, without
animals, human beings may face the consequences of having their growth retarded and poor
mental development.

Next, animals contribute to a nation’s economy. Exotic and mesmerizing animals like
panda and tiger are often showcased in a manmade habitat in the zoo. To be able to grab the
golden opportunity and to see these furry organisms in the flesh and strutting their stuff the wish
list of every foreigner and locals in Malaysia. Without a doubt, animals has economic value
which can benefitted to mankind.

Furthermore, other than being used in a meal and as a source of entertainment, animals
such as dogs like the German Sheperd species are used in jobs worldwide. For example, at the
checkpoints which separate countries like Mexico and USA, dogs are used to help in detect
drugs smuggling and also explosives as they have a keen of sense of hearing and smell. This in
turn,helps to reduce the crime rates. The usage of animals in law enforcement area helps to shed
the light on the importance of animals to us human beings.

Moreover, the importance of animals is also closely connected to our daily lives
especially at home. Some people adopt pets like parrots and cats as their loyal companion at
home. After having a hard day at workplaces such as offices and schools, these people often
resort to their pets to relieve their stress as pets are proven to have a calming effect on their
owner. The saying “ Dogs are man’s best friend” prove that animals are indeed important to
human kind.

The importance of animals are also evident when we trace the source of antiserum which
is made from cells of animals such as horses. The antiserum which is used to provide artificial
passive immunity, helps to immunize humans against certain diseases such as mad cow disease.
So without animals, human would certainly fall prey to diseases which only the cells of animals
can cure.

In a nutshell, animals contribute a heap amount of goodness to human kind whether from
the aspect of economy or health. Thus , the worrying case of animal abuse that is occurring
worldwide should be stopped immediately as the animals themselves have the right to live free
and disturbed.

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REFLECTIVE WRITING
a) Definition of a reflective
A reflective tells or narrates personal story or experience. It may be something that changes one’s
attitude, opinion or behaviour. However, it may be also be about an ordinary experience or the
daily routines that is memorable.
b) Tips on writing a reflective
What – the event / person
Why – the changes it made
When – time of the incident
How it happened – the beginning of the incident
How it resolved – the ending that resulted the change

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A SAMPLE OF A REFLECTIVE ESSAY

‘A friend in need is a friend indeed.’
Describe how a friend helped you in a difficult time.

A friend in need is a friend indeed. In this world, there are many people need a friend in
their life. So, we have to be carefully on choose a friend. We can’t choose a friend that have a
many problem such as involved in vandalisme and always do not went to school. We have to
choose a friend that always be our sides and kind.

Like me, I also have a friend. Her name is Salwani but I called her for a short name,
Wani. She is very talkatived, polite and loving. She is an apple of the eyes of her parents. She is
17 years old same like me. We are neighbours, because of that we knows each other and we
came be a very closed. We also studying on the same school.

On sunny morning, we recycled went to school together. In the school, everyone like her
include a teacher. Everyone like her because she is very kind and like to helped who need a help.
She also a monitor in our class. She is very responsibility and a teacher very like her. Like a other
say, she is a backbone on the pupils in our class.

At home, on the evening, we always set a time to went the playground for our discuss or
anything. If I have a problem, I always shared my problems to her. She gave me some advised
and helped me if she can help. She always be my sides. She is like my sister. If I want to do
something, she always give me a advised first before I do it. She doesn’t want me face with a
problem. She is a friend that always helped me in a difficult time. She also said that let bygones,
be bygones to me.

If my parents went to overseas, she came to my house and company me along my parents
were not at home. On the weekend, we do same homework that was a from a teacher. She also
very intelligent. If I don’t understand some questions, I asked for a helped from her. She teaches
me that questions that I don’t understand. I felt like in seaven heaven and grateful to have a
friend like her in this world.

At the time that she company me, we wake up on the morning and make some breakfast
together. After we had some breakfast, we cleaned my house and prepared some for cooked for
our lunch. After three days that my parents not at home, on the Saturday evening, my parents
arrived at KLIA. After that, they through to back home. When they arrived at home, Amani also
back to her house. She gave some regards to my parents. My parents also like her. I told my
parents that I felt like over the moon when Amani company me when they were not home
because she treated me like her little sister.

In conclusion, we have to be careful on choose and find a friend. I hope I will be like her.

© Hak Cipta Jawab Untuk Jaya (JUJ) Pahang 2016

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FEATURES IN WRITING TASK
When you write, it is important for you to pay attention to the following:

I. Tense
II. Cohesiveness
III. Plot
IV. Characterization

I. Tense
A narrative usually describes events or happenings in the past. Thus, the Past Tense forms are
usually used in narrative writing. Other tenses are also used but not as frequently.

II. Cohesiveness
The flow of the story is important as it sets the mood of the storyline. Events should be arranged
logically and systematically. This can be done by using connectors and suitable linkers.

III. Plot
The plot is the story framework. It is the storyline of, for example, how a character changes or
how a mystery is solved or how an enemy is defeated. To be interesting, a story must have a
good plot.

IV. Characterization
The event in the story usually happens to the main character and how he/she solves a
problem or overcomes challenges thrown towards him. Thus, characterization should include the
description, the characteristics as well as clear incidents that show his utmost outstanding
personality.

© Hak Cipta Jawab Untuk Jaya (JUJ) Pahang 2016

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USEFUL WORDS & PHRASES TO DESCRIBE EMOTIONS AND REACTIONS

EMOTION FACIAL BODY GESTURE FEELING

EXPRESSIONS

HAPPY • smiled from ear to • danced • want to fly
ear
• jumped • feel like hugging
• blushed cheeks • singing everyone

• tears of joy • tell the whole world

SAD • heart missed a beat • slumped shoulders • do not want to face
or two
• head bowed anyone anymore

• jumped out of my • heart breaks into • want the ground to
skin
pieces open to swallow

• eyes nearly popped (you)
out
• want the world to end

ANGRY • stared dagger • slammed the door • want to stab

• flaring nose • clutching fists • want to strangle

• started calling • kicked whatever in • turn to lion
names / cursing sight

AFRAID • gritted teeth • trembling • it was a dream

• pale-white face • sweat • to disappear

• legs nailed to the • to be invisible
ground

© Hak Cipta Jawab Untuk Jaya (JUJ) Pahang 2016

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USEFUL VOCABULARY & SENTENCE PATTERNS
A. THE SKY
• The blazing sun was shining through the cloudless sky ( a hot mid-day)
• The sun rose, slowly and majestically, over mountains (early morning)
• The sun appeared over the horizon, giving out rays of faint yellow light.
(dawn/sunrise)
• Everything looked radiant in the early morning sun.
B. THE BEACH/SEA
• Tall coconut palms swayed gracefully to the sounds of the sea waves (beach)
• The gentle waves rolled endlessly towards the white sparkling beach (beach)
• The whispering breeze and splashing waves gently rocks me to sleep.
• The winds caresses my cheeks and ruffles your hair as I relish the tickling sensation
of the waves crashing at my feet.
C. A STORM
• The sky darkened and it threatened to rain but the weather held (gloomy with no rain)
• Lightning streaked across the sky
• There was a flash of lightning followed by a rumble of thunder.
• The wind shrieked. The wind howled
• A peal of thunder boomed in the distance.
D. A VILLAGE
• The village houses were hurdled together ,surrounded by lush green shrubs and trees
• As it was a fruit season, the wind carried the strong fruity aroma, tantalizing all who
came across it.
• Behind the quaint little huts, thick green forests and hills lends a majestic
surrounding to the village.
• The garden was a kaleidoscope of colour as red, pink and orange flowers danced
gracefully in the gentle breeze
E. DAY/NIGHT
• The dark night was slowly crawling by and the dawn was approaching
• As the moon makes a retreat, the sun rises in all its radiance and splendour.

© Hak Cipta Jawab Untuk Jaya (JUJ) Pahang 2016

50

• A new day is born.
• The night crawled by slowly.
• The stars twinkled in the black sky like thousands of fireflies
• The cry of million cicadas broke the silence of the night
• In the dead of the night, came the sound of the banging of a door.

The Sense of Sight
The white sand.
The tiny pink shells.
The way the sea is the same blue as the sky, making it hard to tell where one ends and the other
begins.
The rocks still wet from high tide.
2. The Sense of Smell
The smell of a woodland in summer after rain.
Sour milk in the refrigerator.
The first smell of the sea through a car window.
3. The Sense of Sound
screeching gulls and waves breaking on pebbles
his heels clicking on the marble
the jangle of loose change in his pocket.
4. The Sense of Taste
When a character arrives at the coast, the usual thing would be to have them smell the sea.
Instead, you could have them taste the salty breeze.
When a young boy captures a frog at the bottom of the garden, have him lick it.
When a character is returning to his childhood home, have him taste his mother's roast chicken
and gravy when he is still 100 miles away.
It is the first icy day of winter and it starts to snow. A character looks up and tries to catch the
flakes on her tongue.
Further down the street, her younger brother, tortured by curiosity, licks a metal pole.
© Hak Cipta Jawab Untuk Jaya (JUJ) Pahang 2016