5l/tf] gk] fnL
sIff
@
nv] s tyf ;Dkfbs
ke| ftL ls/0f
gf/fo0f lg/f;L
z'ef/De klAns];g k|f= ln=
sf7df8f},F gk] fn
gfdM =====================================================================
/fn] g=+ ====================================== ;S] ;g= ===========
ljBfnoM =====================================================================================
kmfg] g=+ ================================================
ks| fzs 5l/tf] gk] fnL
z'ef/De klAns;] g kf| = nL=
sf7df8fF,} g]kfn sIff
nv] s
k|eftL ls/0f @
gf/fo0f lg/f;L
klxnf] ;:+ s/0f
@)&)
kl/dflh{t ;+:s/0f
@)&%
;jf{lwsf/
nv] s / ks| fzsdf
uf| lkmS;
kmf]s; sDKo6' /
lrq
sfhL /fgf
xfdf| ] egfO
efiff l;sfOsf qmddf kf7o\ k:' ts dxŒjk"0f{ dfWod xf] . kf7\oqmdn] lgb{]zg u/s] f] kf7o\ ;fdu|LnfO{
kf7o\ k':tsn] Jojl:yt u5{ . 5l/tf] g]kfnL zª[ v\ nfnfO{ efiff l;sfOsf ;Lkx¿ ;g' fO, af]nfO tyf
nv] fOnfO{ k|efjsf/L ¿kdf Jojl:yt ug{ pkofu] L kf7o\ k':tssf] ¿kdf tof/ kf/]sf 5fF} . efiff l;Sg
/ l;sfpg ;flxTosf ljleGg ljwfx¿ pkof]uL dfWod x'g] ljZjJofkL dfGotfnfO{ cfTd;ft\ ub}{ o;
zª[ \vnfdf sljtf, syf, lgaGw, hLjgL, Psfªs\ L tyf ¿ks ljwfcGtu{t ;+jfb, jfbljjfb, lr7L
cflbsf] oyf]lrt k|ofu] ul/Psf] 5 . g]kfnL ;flxTosf cl3Nnf] tyf kl5Nnf] k':tfsf ;|i6fx¿sf /rgf
o;df ;dl] 6Psf 5g\ . oxfF ;dl] 6Psf sl[ tsf ;|i6fx¿k|lt xfdL cfef/L 5f}F . oxfF h'gh'g kf7df
n]vssf] gfd lbOPsf 5}gg†\ tL xfdLn] g} tof/ kf/]sf xfF} . ‘5l/tf] gk] fnL’sf] o; z[ªv\ nfdf kf7
5gf6] tyf ltgsf] cEof; ljGof; ubf{ cToGt ;hutf ckgfOPsf] 5 . kT| os] kf7df kj" k{ 7gsf nflu
efOalxgLx¿;Fu eGg] v08 /flvPsf] 5 . of] dn" tM ljBfyL{x¿sf] ;Lk tyf bIftf clej[l4 tyf kf7k|lt
?lr tfGg] pb\b]Zon] /flvPsf] eP klg lzIfs ldqx¿nfO{ ;d]t cWofkgsf qmddf pTk/]| ssf] ¿kdf
/xf];\ eGg] s/' fdf ljzi] f Wofg lbPsf 5fF} .
dn" kf7sf] k:| t'ltkl5 cEof; ;+of]hg ubf{ zAb1fg, k7gafw] , l;hg{ f, Jofs/0f / ljzi] f 1fg u/L
kfFr v08df cEof;nfO{ ljefhg ul/Psf] 5 . zAb1fgcGtut{ ;DalGwt kf7df /x]sf zAbx¿sf]
z'4 pRrf/0f, ltgsf] cy{, jfSodf ko| fu] nufotsf cfEofl;s kZ| gx¿ /fv]/ ljBfyLs{ f] zAb1fgsf]
clejl[ 4 ug{] pb\bZ] o /flvPsf] 5 . k7gaf]wcGtu{t kf7df k9s] f] s/' f ;"Id ¿kdf a'¹] ga'¹s] f]
k/LIf0f ug]{ u/L clt ;ªl\ IfKt pQ/, ;ªl\ IfKt pQ/, JofVof, nfdf] pQ/ cflbsf] cEof;sf nflu
ljBfyLn{ fO{ cEo:t agfpg] pbb\ ]Zo /flvPsf] 5 . o;df ;fdfGoaf6 hl6ntkms{ f] cjwf/0ffsf] cg;' /0f
ul/Psf] 5 . l;h{gfcGtu{t ljBfyLs{ f] l;h{gfTds Ifdtfsf] clej[l4sf nflu sljtf, lgaGw, hLjgL,
syf cflb nv] gsf] kl/ro / cEof; lbP/ To;df ?lrk0" f{ ;xeflutfsf nflu cEof; tof/ kfl/Psf]
5 . of] v08sf] cEof; kl5 ljBfyLx{ ¿ ljBfnodf xg' ] tyf cGo k|ltof]lutfTds lqmofsnfkdf v'n/]
;xefuL x'g ;Sg] 5g\ . Jofs/0fcGtut{ kf7q\ mdn] lgwf/{ 0f u/]cg';f/sf Jofs/0fsf zLifs{ x¿nfO{
ko| fu] k/s cEof; u/fpg] pbb\ Z] o /flvPsf] 5 . Jofs/0fsf] yk cEof;sf nflu xfdLn] g} tof/ kf/s] f]
5l/tf] g]kfnL Jofs/0fsf] cEof; u/fpg ;lsg] 5 . ljz]if 1fgcGtu{t kf7;uF ;DalGwt ljleGg
ef}ufl] ns, ;f:+ sl[ ts, kf| s[lts tyf wfld{s ljifo;uF ;DalGwt 1fgsf s/' fx¿ ;dl] 6Psf 5g\ .
kf7sf] dd{cg;' f/ lrqx¿ lbP/ tof/ kfl/Psf] k|:tt' k:' ts efiff lzIf0fsf] nflu pkofu] L ;fduL| sf]
¿kdf tof/ kfg]{ xfdf| ] ko| f;df lj1 kf7s, lzIfs, ljBfyL{ tyf cleefjsx¿af6 cfpg] ;¹' fa tyf
;Nnfx xfd|f nflu dfub{ zs{ aGg] 5g\ . cfufdL lbgdf k':tsnfO{ c¹ ke| fjsf/L agfpg kl/isf/ /
kl/dfhg{ ub}{ hfg] jfrf ub5{ f}F .
[email protected]
[email protected]
ljifo ;"rL
kf7 zLif{s ljwf nv] s ki[ 7
!= k:' ts sljtf /fdafa' ;'jb] L 5
@= ;'ufsf] pkxf/ syf – 9
#= c;n afgL lgaGw – 16
$= ¹ds l3ld/ ] hLjgL –
%= ltdf| ] gfd s] xf] < gf6s ljdn efs} fhL 23
^= ;fyLnfO{ lr7L lr7L –
& kf5f+{} c¹} /fdf| ] uLt s[i0fxl/ a/fn 30
*= kj" {sf] kz'klt lgaGw – 37
(= vKt8 afaf hLjgL – 42
!)= e'OrF fnf] ;j+ fb – 46
!!= sfnL r/L sljtf ab"F /fgf 52
!@= laxs] f] efh] syf – 57
!#= efge' St cfrfo{ cfTdsyf – 64
!$= efUodfgL sljtf gf/fo0f lg/f;L 69
!%= xfdf| ] bz] lgaGw – 77
!^= labfsf] nflu lgjb] g lgj]bg – 84
!&= 5]kf/fsf] of]hgf syf – 89
!*= nfdv'66\ ] sljtf rGbk| |;fb Gof}kfg ] 96
!(= Psfut| f syf – 100
107
112
KFF7 sljtf
k:' ts! – /fdafa' ;j' b] L
efOalxgLx¿;FuÛ
tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] pQ/ lbg] ko| f; u/ M – k:' tsdf ss] ] xG' 5g\ <
– ltdLnfO{ k:' ts k9g\ dg nfU5 < – k9g\ ] dflg;n] s] ug{ ;S5 <
– dflg;n] lsg k9g\ k' 5{ <
lstfa ljleGg ks| f/sf xG' 5g \ . lstfa k9/] dflg;n] w/] } 1fg kfp5F . lstfa dflg;sf
Kof/f] ;fyL aGg ;S5 . lstfadf ePsf syf, sljtf k9/] tyf lrqx¿ x/] /] dflg;x¿
/dfp5F g \ . c¹ ljBfyLx{ ¿sf] nflu 5 lstfa ;fx}| dxŒjk0" f{ xG' 5 . ljBfyLx{ ¿n] lstfasf] w/] }
htg ugk{' 5 { . lstfanfO{ dfof ug,{] /fd/| L k9g\ ] clg kl9;sk] l5 7Ls 7fpdF f /fVg] ugk{' 5 { .
lstfanfO{ k:' ts klg elgG5 . k:' tssf] af/d] f nl] vPsf] tnsf] sljtf no xfn/] k9 clg
eGg vfl] hPsf] s/' f aˆ' g] ko| f; u/ M
k:' tssf kfgfdf
cIf/sf bfgf 5g\ .
bfgf 7"nf ;fgf 5g\
ltgd} f 5 d/] f] dg .$.
k:' tssf uftfdf
leq kft}kftfdf .
lrq yl/yl/sf
lrl/la/L r/Lsf .*.
k':ts M lstfa r/L M ;fgf] r/f]
uftf M lstfa, sfkLdf nufOg] vfn]
5l/tf] g]kfnL – efu bO' { 5
st} dL7f] sljtf sxfgL M syf
st} dL7f] sxfgL . laxfgL M laxfgsf] ;do
k9g\ ]nV] g] dfG5n] ] ;;+ f/ M ljZj, k[YjL
e]6\5 dL7f] laxfgL .!@.
cIf/ l6kL vfpmF ls ¤
lrq} pgL nfpmF ls ¤
k':ts tnF fO{ Rofk]/
;;+ f/ 3D' g hfpmF ls ¤!^.
cEof;
zAb 1fg
!= tnsf zAbx¿ z4' ;Fu pRrf/0f u/ M
cIf/, lrq, k:' ts, leq, sljtf, ;;+ f/
@= tnsf zAbx¿sf] cy{ nv] M
k':ts, sxfgL, laxfgL, uftf, r/L
#= z'4 kf//] nv] M
e6] 5, k8\g,] nv] g], pmlg
$= sljtfaf6 ldNg] zAb vfh] ]/ vfnL 7fpF k/" f u/ M
k':tssf =====================
=============== bfgf =========
bfgf ============= ;fgf ==========
======== 5 =========== dg .
6 5l/tf] g]kfnL – efu b'O{
%= jfSodf ko| fu] u/ M
r/L, dL7f], 7"nf,] ;fgf,] st}
^= uftf – kftf, bfgf – ;fgf h:t} c¿ kfFr zAbx¿sf] hf8] L agfpm .
k7g afw]
!= tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] PsPs jfSodf pQ/ b]pm M
s_ k:' ts sljtf s;n] nv] ]sf x'g\ <
v_ k':tssf kfgfdf ss] f bfgf 5g\ <
u_ bfgf s:tf 5g\ <
3_ k:' tsdf ss] f lrq 5g\ <
ª_ s:tf] dfG5n] ] /fdf| ] laxfgL e6] 5\ <
r_ slj sn] fO{ Rofk]/ ;;+ f/ 3'Dg rfxG5g\ <
@= 7Ls a]7Ls 56' \ofpm M
s_ ‘k:' ts’ sljtf nIdLk;| fb b]jsf6] fn] nv] s] f x'g \ .
v_ lstfaleq yl/yl/sf lrq x'G5g\ .
u_ gk9g\ ] dfG5n] fO{ ;an} ] dgk/fpF5g\ .
3_ slj k':ts Rofk/] ;;+ f/ 3D' g rfxG5g\ .
ª_ cIf/sf bfgfdf sljsf] dg e'ns] f] 5 .
#= sljtfsf oL x/kmx¿n] s] eGg vfh] ]sf xf]nfg,\ sIffdf 5nkmn u/ clg
cfÇgf] sfkLdf n]v .
st} dL7f] sljtf
st} dL7f] sxfgL .
k9g\ n] ]Vg] dfG5]n]
e]65\ dL7f] laxfgL .
$= k:' tsdf s]s] x'G5g\ < sljtfsf] cfwf/df sDtLdf kfFr jfSo n]v .
%= sljn] k:' tssf] aofg s;/L u/s] f 5g\ < sljtf k9/] cfkm" n] a¹' ]sf] s'/f n]v .
5l/tf] g]kfnL – efu bO' { 7
l;hg{ f
!= ltdLnfO{ dg k/s] f] sg' } Pp6f sljtf cfÇgf] sfkLdf nv] . sljtfsf] zLif{s
tyf sljsf] gfd n]Vg gla;{ x} .
@= c¿ rf/ x/km yk]/ tnsf] sljtf k"/f u/ M
k'tnL
kt' nLsf] lhpel/ w]/} yl/ /ªu\
k'm/k{ m' /{ p8L o;n] kf5{] dg} bªu\ .
au}Frfdf k'mns] f 5g\ gfgf yl/ km" n
km" ndfly gfr]sf 5g\ k'tnLsf x'n .
Jofs/0f
!= ;o+ S' t cIf/ nfu]/ ags] f zAbx¿ Wofg lbP/ x/] M
kGw| km' ªu\ zªv\ ;ªV\ of uG' bs|' z[ª\uf/
£ofDkf] 6\ofDsf] SofRr KofRr /fi6« uhSs
8o\ fª ¹NofF:; cGg kw| fg u¥of] ¹'Kkf]
If, q, 1 tyf cfwf cIf/;uF hfl] 8P/ ag]sf] cIf/nfO{ ;o+ S' t cIf/ elgG5 .
dfly lbOPsf zAbx¿df ;+oS' t cIf/sf] k|of]u ePsf] 5 .
@= ;+o'St cIf/af6 ag]sf sDtLdf bz cf6] f zAbx¿ nv] .
#= dflysf] sljtfaf6 ;+oS' t cIf/ nfu/] ags] f zAbx¿ vf]h .
ljz]if 1fg
g]kfnL ;flxTosf sx] L rlr{t sljx¿
efg'eSt cfrfo{, df]tL/fd e6\6, zDe'k|;fb 9'ª\u]n, n]vgfy kf}8\ofn,
nIdLk|;fb b]jsf]6f, uf]kfnk|;fb l/dfn, l;l4r/0f >i] 7, dfwj l3ld/,] O{Zj/
jNne, j}/fuL sfOFnf, wd/{ fh yfkf, ek" L z/] rg, dfx] g sf]O/fnf, uf]s'n hfz] L,
s]jnk'/] ls;fg
8 5l/tf] g]kfnL – efu b'O{
KFF7 syf
@ ;'ufsf] pkxf/
efOalxgLx¿;FuÛ
tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] pQ/ lbg] ko| f; u/ M
– ltdLnfO{ 3/df sg' } hgfj/ kfNg dg nfU5 < – ;u' f s:tf] r/f] xf] <
– dflg;n] c¿kl| t g/fdf| ] Jojxf/ ugx{' G' 5 < – v/fa sfd u/k] l5 s:tf] kmn kfOG5 <
dflg;n] h:tf] sfd u5{ To:t} kmn kfp5F . c;n sfd ug{] dflg;n] /fdf| ] kmn kfp5F eg] v/fa sfd ug{] dflg;n]
g/fd}| kmn kfp5F . kf7df lbOPsf] syfdf Pp6f c;n a9" f / pgsL v/fa a9" Lsf] rrf{ ul/Psf] 5 . a9" f ;u' fnfO{
;fx}| dfof ug,{] nfe] gug{] tyf a9" L ;u' fnfO{ l/; ug{] clg nfe] klg ug{] :jefjsf bl] vPsf 5g \ . oL bj' n} ] ;u' faf6
pkxf/ kfPsf 5g \ . pgLx¿n] s:tf] pkxf/ kfP aˆ' g tnsf] syf Wofg lbP/ k9 M
!= w/] } jif{ klxn] Pp6f ufpFdf Ps hgf a"9f] / p;sL >LdtL a:y ] . pgLx¿;uF
Pp6f kfNt' ;u' f lyof] . a"9fn] Tof] ;u' fnfO{ cf}wL dfof uYof{] t/ a9" LrflxF
va' 30[ ff uyL{ . Tof] ;u' fnfO{ s;/L 3/af6 nv6] \g] eGg] axfgf vfh] ]/ a"9L
al;/xs] L lyO { .
@= Ps lbg a9" L cfOdfO{ b"w lkO/xs] f j]nf PSsfl; ;u' f p;sf] 6fpsfd] fly
p8\of] . ;'uf p8]/ k/k/ eof] t/ a9" L x8a8fO{ . p;sf] xftdf ePsf] bw" sf]
lunf; e'OFdf v:of ] . a9" Ln] l/;n] cfvF } bl] vg .
#= p8]/ 6f9f6f9f uPsf] ;u' f Ps bO' { 306fkl5 km]l/ kms{]/ cfof ] . a9" Ln] l/; vKg
;lsg . ;'ufnfO{ ;dft]/ p;n] ÇofFlslbO{ . a"9Ln] o:tf] s7f]/ Jojxf/ unL{
eg/] ;u' fn] sNkgf;Dd klg u/s] f]
lyPg . pSt 36gfn] ;'ufsf] dg
kmf6o\ f] . p;nfO{ cToGt} bM' v nfUof ] .
kv6] f km6km6fpbF } ;'uf ToxfaF f6 p8/]
uof] .
$= ¹Ds] ;f¹F k/]kl5 a9" f] cfÇgf] 3/df
cfof] . cfpg]lalQs} p;n] cfÇgf] lk|o
cf}wL M c;fWo,} Hofb} ¹Ds] ;fF¹ M ev/{ 3fd c:tfPsf] jn] f
5l/tf] g]kfnL – efu bO' { 9
;'ufnfO{ vfH] of] . t/ st} bv] g] . p;sf]
dgdf ;u' fsf af/d] f vN' bn' L rNg yfNof] .
p;n] cfÇgL >LdtL;uF ;fW] of] – æd/] f] Kof/f]
;u' f sxfF 5 <Æ ædn} ] Tof] bi' 6 kG5LnfO{ aflx/
nvl] 6lbP F . Tof] xfdLnfO{ s]xL sfd nfUbg} .Æ
>LdtLsf] o:tf] lgbo{ L s'/f ;'g]/ a"9fsf]
Xbodf ulx/f] rf]6 nfUof] . hltv]/ klg pm
;'ufnfO{ ;lD¹bF } 56k6fpg yfNof] . pm lbg
kl| tlbg ¹g¹\ g\ lrlGtt aGb} uof ] . lrGtf
u//] dfq a:g p;sf] dgn] dfGb} dfg]g . ;'ufsf] vfh] Ldf 3/ 5f]8]/ pm
otfptf lx8F \g yfNof ] .
%= ;u' fnfO{ vf]HbfvfH] b} Tof] a9" f] dfG5] ylst eO;ss] f] lyof] . t/ p;n] ;u' fnfO{
e]6g\ ;sg] . ;u' fsf] vfh] Ldf lxF8b\ flx8F \b} pm kfun h:t} alg;s]sf] lyof] . cGttM
pm lrRofpg yfNof] – æd/] f] Kof/f] ;'uf ¤ ltdL sxfF 5f} < ¹66\ d;uF cfpm .Æ
^= o;/L g} Tof] a"9f] dfG5]n] w]/} lbg;Dd ;'ufnfO{ hªu\ n / kxf8x¿df vfl] h/Åof] .
;u' fsf] vf]hdf lxFl8/xs] f] a"9f] Ps lbg ck¹{6 kxf8sf] vfr]F df k'Uof ] . p;n]
ToxLF cfÇgf] Kof/f] ;u' fnfO{ e6] o\ f ] . ;'ufnfO{ e6] ]kl5 a"9f] dfG5] c;fWo} /dfof ] .
;u' f klg /dfof] . a9" fn] oltsf lbg;Dd ;'uf;Fu e]6 gePsf]df lrGtf JoSt
u¥of ] . ;'ufn] klg cfÇgf] dflns;uF e6]
gePsf]df ulx/f] b'Mv kf]Vof ] . ;'ufn]
;Ddfgkj" {s dflnsnfO{ cfÇgf] 3/df ;uF }
hfg cg'/fw] u¥of ] . a9" f] dfG5n] ] ;'ufsf]
s'/f dfGof ] .
&= ;u' fn] 3/df k'uk] l5 a9" f] dfG5]nfO{
cfÇgf] kl/jf/sf ;a};uF e6] u/fof] .
kG5L M r/f ck¹6{ M PSsfl;, crfgs
lgb{oL M bof gePsf] vfr]F M b'O{ kxf8sf aLrsf] ;f3F /' f] 7fpF
ylst M yfs]sf] b'Mv kf]Vg ' M b'Mv JoSt ug{'
cGttM M cGTodf ;Ddfgk"j{s M ;Ddfgsf ;fy
10 5l/tf] g]kfnL – efu bO' {
;'ufsf] kl/jf/sf ;a} a9" f] dfG5] nfO{ eJo :jfut u//] :jflbi6 ef]hg u/fP .
;'uf / p;sf] kl/jf/nfO{ e]6]/ a"9f] dfG5]n] cToGt v;' L k|s6 u¥of ] .
*= a9" f] dfG5n] ] Tof] /ft ;u' f;Fu} latfof ] . efl] nkN6 laxfg p7]/ pm 3/ kmlsg{ ]
tof/Ldf nfUof] . p;nfO{ /fS] b} ;'ufn] eGof] – ædflns tkfO{+ sx] L lbg d/] f]
3/df a;] d ;fx}| v;' L x'g] lyP F .Æ ;u' fsf] s/' f dfg]/ a9" f] dfG5] sx] L lbg
ToxLF a:of ] . ltgrf/ lbgkl5 p;n] ;u' f;Fu eGof] – æcarflxF d hfgk' 5{ . d/] L
>LdtLn] d/] f] af6f] x]//] a;s] L xfn] L . d kl5 w]/} lbg ;Fu} a:g] u/L cfpg] 5 ' .Æ
(= a9" f] dfG5] kms]{/ hfg] ePkl5 ;u' fn] b'O{ cf6] f 6f]s/L pkxf/ n}hfg cg'/fw]
u¥of ] . Tof] a"9f] dfG5n] ] ;'ufnfO{ bM' v gdfgf;] \ eg]/ b'O{ cf]6f 6f]s/LdWo] Pp6f
;fgf] 6f]s/L rflxF pkxf/sf] ¿kdf lnof] . pm ToxfaF f6 ;/f;/ 3/lt/ nfUof] .
!)= 3/df k'Ugl] alQs} a9" f] dfG5]sL >LdtLn] pm;Fu ;fw] L – æltdL olt w/] } lbg;Dd
sxfF x/fPsf lyof} <Æ a9" f] dfG5n] ]
eGof], æd Kof/f] ;u' f / p;sf]
kl/jf/nfO{ e]6\g uPsf] lyPF . x/]
t p;n] dnfO{ of] 6fs] /L pkxf/
lbPsf] 5 .Æ
!!= a"9fa"9L b'j} ldn/] Tof] 6f]s/L
vfn] ] . 6fs] /L xL/f / ;g' n] el/Psf]
lyof ] . pgLx¿ bj' } crDddf
k/ ] . lx/f / ;'g bv] /] a"9L nf]en]
hNg yfnL . p;n] cfÇgf] a9" f;] Fu
;u' fsf] 7]ufgf ;fw] L . ef]lnkN6 pHofnf] xg' ]lalQs} pm ;u' fsf] 3/lt/ nfuL .
!@= ;u' fsf] 3/af6 kmlsg{ ] jn] f tL a9" Ln] ;'uf;uF pkxf/ dfuL . ;'ufn] bO' { cf]6f
6f]s/L pkxf/ lbbF } Pp6f 5fGg cg/' f]w u¥of] . nfe] L a9" Ln] b'O6} 6fs] /L p7fP/
hfFr u/L bj' }dWo] ux|f}F 6f]s/L p;n] /f]hL To;kl5 pm ;/f;/ cfÇgf] 3/ kmsL { .
!#= 3/ kU' gf;fy p;n] 6fs] /L vfn] /] x/] L . 6fs] /L vfN] gl] alQs} laR5L / afbF /x¿
eJo :jfut M ;Ddfg;lxtsf] :jfut 6fs] /L M afF;sf rf]ofaf6 ags] f] 9SsL
:jflbi6 M dL7f], :jflbnf] xL/f M cToGt s8f / rlDsnf] kTy/
5l/tf] gk] fnL – efu bO' { 11
bv] fk/ ] . laR5Ln] a"9LnfO{ 6fS] g vfh] ] eg] afbF /n] k6fk6 lk6g\ yfn] . a"9L
8fFsf] 5f]8/] ?g yfnL . cfÇg" a9" Lsf] bbg{ fs cj:yf bv] /] a9" fn] ] laR5L / afbF /nfO{
aNnaNn kfvf nufof ] . cfÇgL :jf:gLnfO{ a"9fn] ;D¹fpFb} eGof] – æx/] a"9L d}n]
t ;'ufnfO{ ;frF f] k|d] u/]sf] lyPF / kf] dnfO{ lx/f / ;g' ldns] f] lyof ] . tn}F ] t
;'ufkl| t s'efjgf /fvs] L x'bF f t/] f] of] cj:yf eof ] . dfG5]n] slxNo} klg sg' }
kf| 0fLk|lt s'efjgf /fVg'xFb' }g .Æ
!$= a9" fn] ] olt eGgf;fy a9" Ln] cabl] v slxNo} klg s;k} |lt se' fjgf g/fVg] k|lt1f
u/L . ;u' fnfO{ bJ' o{jxf/ u/s] fdf a"9LnfO{ kl5;Dd klg k5'tf] eO/Åof ] .
bbg{ fs M kL8fn] el/Psf] kl| t1f ug '{ M s'g} sfd u5{' eg]/ s;d vfg'
s'efjgf M g/fd|f] ljrf/ bJ' o{jxf/ M g/fd|f] Jojxf/
cEof;
zAb 1fg
!= tnsf zAbx¿ z'4;Fu pRrf/0f u/ M
cToGt, lk|o, :jflbi6, aNnaNn, laR5L, bJ' oj{ xf/
@= tnsf] jfSo z4' kf/L n]v M
z'ufn] kgL cfÇgf] dfnLs;Fu e]6 gePsf] uxL/f] bv" kf]Vof] .
#= tnsf zAb / cy{sf aLrdf hf8] f ldnfpm M
:jflbi6 efh] g g/fdf| ] Jojxf/
eJo :jfut PSsfl;
b'Joj{ xf/ ;Ddfg;lxtsf] :jfut
kl| t1f ug {' dL7f] vfgf
ck¹6{ san' ug'{
12 5l/tf] g]kfnL – efu b'O{
$= tnsf zAbx¿sf] cy{ n]v M
bbg{ fs, s'efjgf, b'Mv kfV] g,' lgb{oL, cf}wL
%= jfSodf k|ofu] u/ M
3/, nf]eL, ¹6\6, lrGtf, dg kmf6\g,' cg/' fw] ug'{
^= dflysf] syfaf6 ‘a’ / ‘j’ ko| fu] ePsf kfFrkfFr zAbx¿ vfh] /] n]v .
k7g afw]
!= tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] PsPs jfSodf pQ/ bp] m M
s_ ;'ufnfO{ s;n] ;fx}| dfof uYof{] <
v_ a"9Ln] ;u' fnfO{ s] u/L <
u_ ;u' fnfO{ 3/df gbv] k] l5 a9" fn] s] u¥of] <
3_ a"9fn] ;u' fnfO{ sxfF e]6\of] <
ª_ ;u' fn] a"9fnfO{ 3/df nu]/ s] u¥of] <
r_ a"9Ln] NofPsf] ;u' fsf] pkxf/ s] lyof] <
@= tnsf egfOx¿ ss;sf xg' \† dfly syf k9]/ kQf nufpm M ===================
s_ dn} ] Tof] b'i6 kG5LnfO{ aflx/ nvl] 6lbP F .
v_ dflns tkfO+{ sx] L lbg d]/f] 3/df a;] d ;fx|} v;' L x'g] lyPF . ===========
u_ d/] f] Kof/f] ;'uf ¤ ltdL sxfF 5f} < ¹66\ d;Fu cfpm . ===================
===================
3_ ltdL olt w]/} lbg;Dd sxfF x/fPsf lyof} <
ª_ dfG5]n] slxNo} klg sg' } k|f0fLkl| t s'efjgf /fVgx' b'F }g . =================
#= 7Ls a7] Ls 56' o\ fP/ n]v M
s_ a9" L rflxF ;u' fnfO{ va' dfof uyL{ .
v_ a9" f] dfG5]n] w/] } lbg;Dd ;u' fnfO{ hª\un / kxf8x¿df
vf]Hof] .
u_ a"9f] rflxF ;'ufnfO{ ;fx|} l/; uYof{ ] .
5l/tf] gk] fnL – efu bO' { 13
3_ xL/f / ;g' b]v]/ klg a9" LnfO{ nf]e nfu]g .
ª_ ;'ufn] a"9f]nfO{ cfÇgf] kl/jf/sf ;a;} Fu e]6 u/fof ] .
$= 7Ls pQ/df /]hf -√_ nufpm M
s_ a9" fn] 3/df s] kfns] f] lyof] <
c_ ;u' f cf_ afvf| ] O_ uf]?
v_ a9" L ;'ufnfO{ ;fx}| ============== uyL { .
c_ dfof cf_ 3[0ff O_ bof
u_ ;'uf x/fPkl5 a"9f]n] s] u¥of] <
c_ w/] } v;' L eof] . cf_ ;'ufnfO{ vf]Hg uof] . O_ efh] vfof] .
3_ ;'ufn] a"9f]nfO{ e]6k] l5 s] u¥of] <
c_ kl/jf/sf ;a;} uF lrgfof] . cf_ a]:;/L ufnL u¥of] . O_ jf:tf gu/L uof] .
ª_ a"9fn] pkxf/ NofPkl5 a"9Ln] s] u/L <
c_ l/; u/L cf_ ;u' fnfO{ e6] g\ uO{ O_ v;' L eO{
%= tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ n]v M
s_ ;u' f lsg a"9fsf] 3/ 5f]8]/ uof] <
v_ ;'ufnfO{ vfH] g a9" fn] s]s] u¥of] <
u_ a9" f;uF e6] k] l5 ;'ufn] s;/L :jfut u¥of] <
3_ a"9Ln] ;'ufaf6 s] s:tf] pkxf/ kfO{ <
%= c¿kl| t s'efjgf /fVbf s] xG' 5 < syfsf] cfwf/df cfk"mn] a¹' s] f s/' f nv] .
l;h{gf
!= ltdLn] s5'jf / v/fofs] f] syf ;g' s] f 5f} < ;'gs] f 5g} f} eg] lzIfs jf
cleefjsaf6 ;'g clg cfÇgf] sfkLdf n]v .
14 5l/tf] gk] fnL – efu bO' {
@= tnsf] hfgsf/Lsf] cfwf/df Pp6f syf n]v M
;npÇxPopffgm' FuUfu6fgpfpdfL'/tm=fsf=]g=udaf=’uf=f:p=;eng=g=']'G=Rdg==y=o=''v==f=f=Nk=dÇ=g==]/o=f=' ===f=dep======ff/==;U===f=g=n]'s==P'==] =f=sp=]Ç==r=6of==u=fff=]Sppn=Ç6=;/f=oOff=s]]s{=fRp‘=flfot]/]sdfsdfK]n'vfguf|'/]]a'f:bd=ljfh=V]6f=/g=lNs=d;'=n=f=ff;=gu=x== ''s=n|}=.=/=]=f=f]l=djrp==|fZfm=] S]j=5p=6f,;8fÇd] v/]onuf:PpgfgOp{'/'{ ==6Pf==]n==pf==f==6O¿=={f==v==nu==s==fL]e==t==f]
Jofs/0f
!= tnsf] cg'R5]b k9 clg ;jg{ fd zAbx¿ lrg M
ddtf sf7df8fd}F f al:5g \ . pgL kl/jf/sL ;ae} Gbf ;fgL ;b:o x'g \ . ddtfsf
lktf OlGhlgo/ x'g'x'G5 . pxfF ;/sf/L hflu/ vfg'xG' 5 . cfdf ddtfnfO{,
‘ltdL v?' v'? k9 clg d 3d' fpg nh} fpFnf’ eGg'xG' 5 . ddtf / p;sf bfh' ;uF }
ljBfno hfG5g \ . pgLx¿ xft ;dft/] lx8F \5g\ . tF klg ddtf h:t} 1fgL ag\
x} eg]/ dnfO{ klg cfdfn] ;D¹fpge' of] .
@= tnsf ;jg{ fd zAbx¿nfO{ jfSodf k|ofu] u/ M
pm, ltdL, xfdL, d, t,F pgLx¿, pxf,F tkfO{+
#= vfnL 7fpdF f ldNg] zAb nv] M
h======:==t==}==M======k====f==s====s] ====f==]==ck¿fkFfvg L t==f=t==f=] ==lr===o=f====== nsu'6] ff ] ==================================== 3/
================== s/]nf
ljzi] f 1fg sx] L k|tLsfTds zAbx¿
cul:t – vGrj' f chg'{ – jL/ s0f{ – bfgL
s'j]/ – wgL b'jf;{ f – l/;fxf bwLlr – TofuL
bo' f{w] g – 3dG8L /fx' – lk/fxf ol' wli7/ – ;TojfbL
zsl' g – sk6L gf/b – s'/f}6] aln – bfgL
eLd;]g – anjfg\ sz+ – cTofrf/L
5l/tf] gk] fnL – efu bO' { 15
KFF7 lgaGw
# c;n afgL
efOalxgLx¿;FuÛ – ltdLdf ss] :tf c;n afgLx¿ 5g\ <
– s:tf] dflg;nfO{ ;an} ] dfof u5g{ \ <
tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] pQ/ lbg] ko| f; u/ M
– s:tf] afgLnfO{ c;n afgL elgG5 <
– v/fa afgL ePsf] dflg; ltdLnfO{ dg k5{ <
dfG5d] f c;n / v/fa bj' } afgL xG' 5g \ . c;n afgL ePsf dflg;nfO{ ;an} ] dfof u5g{ \ . h;sf] afgL /fdf| ] 5 p;nfO{
;an} ] ?rfp5F g \ . c;n dflg;n] ;as} f] ;fy / ;xofu] kfp5F . p;sf w/] } ;fyLx¿ xG' 5g \ . p;nfO{ ;d:of kbf{ ;an} ]
;xofu] klg u5g{ \ . kf7df Pp6L 5fqfsf] c;n afgLnfO{ ljifo agfP/ lgaGw nl] vPsf] 5 . s] s:tf /x5] g\ /lagfsf
c;n afgLx¿ tnsf] kf7 k9/] a¹' M
!= /lagfsL cfdf laxfg ;a]/} p7g\ x' G' 5 clg 3/sf rf6] fsf]7f
a9fg'x{ G' 5 . pxfF gj' fOwj' fO{ u//] k"hfsf7] fdf kh" f ug{
a:gx' 'G5 . oltv/] ;Dd /lagf klg pl7;s]sL xl' G5g\ . pgL
xftd'v wfP] / kh" fsf7] fdf kl:5g\ . kh" f ;lsPkl5 cfdf
/lagfnfO{ 6Lsf nufP/ k|;fb vfg lbg'xG' 5 . 3/sf cGo
;b:ox¿ klg p75\ g \ . /lagfsf bfh', a'af ;a]/} p7]/ xftdv'
w'G5g\ . kl5 kh" fsf]7fdf k;]/ eujfgs\ f] bz{g u5{g\ . 6Lsf
nufpF5g \ .
@= /lagf cfdf;Fu efG5fdf hflG5g \ . cfdf lrof ksfpg
yfNgx' 'G5 . /lagf eg] cfdfnfO{ ;3fpg yflN5g \ . t/sf/L
s]nfpg], kvfNg,] cfdfn] a]ns' f dfˆge' Psf efF8fx¿nfO{ 7Ls
7fpdF f /fVg] h:tf sfd u/]/ pgL cfdfnfO{ ;3fpFl5g \ . lrof
kfs]kl5 pgL aa' f / bfhn' fO{ lrof lblG5g \ . pgsf a'af lrof
vfFb} kqklqsf xg] { yfNg'x'G5 . bfh' eg] snh] hfgx' 'G5 . lrof
k;| fb M bj] Lb]jtfnfO{ r9fPsf] kmn jf ld7fO{ bzg{ M bj] Lbj] tf tyf dfGohgnfO{ ul/g]
clejfbg
16 5l/tf] gk] fnL – efu b'O{
vfO;sk] l5 pgL sfkLlstfa
l¹s/] k9\g al:5g\ . ljBfnodf
u?' n] cl3Nnf] lbg k9fpg'ePsf]
kf7 bf]xf¥] ofP/ k9\l5g\ . vfgf
kfs]kl5 cfdfn] af]nfpg'x'G5 .
pgL xftuf8] f wfP] / vfg
al:5g\ . vfgf vfPkl5 cfk"mn]
vfPsf] yfn cfkm}F dflˆ5g \ .
#= cfdfn] /lagfsf] skfn sf]/]/ bO' { r'N7f] afl6lbg'x'G5 . pgL hQ' fdf kfln;
nfplF 5g\ clg ljBfnosf] kf];fs nufplF 5g \ . cfdfn] pgsf] nflu vfhf tof/
kf//] l6lkmg a6\6fdf xflnlbg'xG' 5 . /lagf cfÇgf] sfkLlstfa ldnfP/ ¹f]nfdf
xflN5g\ . ljBfno w/] } 6f9f geP klg bO' {tLg 7fpFdf af6f] sf6g\ k' g]{ ePsfn]
pgnfO{ k'¥ofpg slxn] a'af t slxn] cfdf hfgx' G' 5 . pgL af6f]df rlNbgg \ .
a'afcfdfsf] xft ;dft]/ lx8F \l5g\ . x8a8 ulb{gg \ .
$= ljBfnodf /lagf u'?x¿n] k9fPsf] Wofg lbP/ ;l' G5g \ . ga¹' s] f s'/fx¿
;f]lW5g \ . /lagfsf] cIf/ klg ;kmf 5 . pgL lstfasf] w]/} htg ul5g{ \ . c¿nfO{
g/fdf| ] s'/f eg/] bM' v lbg pgnfO{ dg kb{g} . sIffdf pgL ;as} f] Kof/f] ags] L
l5g\ . ljBfnodf x'g] cleefjs lzIfs
e6] 3f6df sIff lzIfs sNkgf u?' cfdfn]
/lagfsL cfdf;Fu æ/lagf w]/} 1fgL 5 ] .
pm k9g\ lbPsf] s'/f /fd|/L k9]/ cfpF5 ] .
nV] g lbPsf] s/' f klg c¿n] eGbf /fd|/L
n]vs] L x'G5 ] . rsrs klg ulb{g . 1fgL
eP/ a:5] . /lagfsf] k9fPsf] af/d] f sg' }
u'gf;f] 5}g . k9fOdf ;fx|} /fdf| ] eP/ klg
/lagf cGo s'/fdf eg] cln sd Wofg
lbG5] . zq' maf/ Pp6f lkl/o8 gfrufg,
lrqsnf, vn] s'b cflb xG' 5 . /lagf v]ns'b / gfrufgdf eg] Tolt Wofg lbGgÆ
x8a8 M xtf/, r6f/f] cleefjs M s;}sf] x/] ljrf/ ug{] JolSt
5l/tf] g]kfnL – efu bO' { 17
eGge' of] . ;a} lzIfsx¿ /lagfsf] k9fOsf] af/d] f /fdf| ] rrf{ ugx{' 'G5 . /lagfsL
cfdf cfÇgL 5f]/Lsf] af/]df 9'Ss x'g'x'G5 .
%= ljBfnodf 56' 6\ L ePkl5 /lagf cfdfaa' f gcfpGh]n kv]{/ al:5g \ . pgL lng
gcfpGhn] ljBfnodf g} lstfa kN6fP/ n]vk9 u//] al:5g\ . ljBfnoaf6
kmsk]{ l5 n'uf km/] ]/ xftuf8] f w'lG5g\ clg vfhf vfP/ k9\g al:5g \ . s'g} s'/f cfPg
eg] cfdf jf bfhn' fO{ ;fl] W5g \ . pgL ;a} ux[ sfo{ ;sk] l5 lstfasfkL yGSofP/
cfdfnfO{ ;3fpg efG5fdf hflG5g\ .
^= ;f¹F sf] vfgf vfPkl5 bfh' / cfdfa'af l6eL x]g{ yfNg'x'G5 . /lagf eg] ;l' T5g \ .
cfdfnfO{ sIff lzIfsn] eGge' Psf] s'/f ;D¹gf ePkl5 pxfnF ] /lagfnfO{ l6eL xg] {
nufpge' Psf] 5 . l6eLdf uLt ah]kl5 crn] pxf,F æd/] L 5f/] L slt /fd/| L gfR5 ] .
n, a'afnfO{ klg gfr]/ b]vfpm gfgLÆ eGgx' G' 5 . labfsf] lbg cfdf, a'af / bfh'
ldn/] /lagf;uF vN] gx' 'G5 . pgL slxn] Sof/]daf8] {, slxn] Aof8ldG6g vl] N5g\ .
&= /lagf cr]n ljBfnodf klg v]ns'bdf efu lnlG5g\ . ;fyLx¿;Fu} pgL klg
gfrufgdf efu lnlG5g \ . /lagf ;xof]uL klg l5g\ . 3/df kfn]sf] ss' /' nfO{ klg
w/] } dfof ul5{g \ . sf};Ldf uP/ r/fnfO{ rf/f] xflN5g \ . 3/df sf]xL dfUg cfof]
eg] To;nfO{ sx] L lbP/ k7fplF 5g \ . pgL cfÇgf] 3/df sf]xL cfP eg] xft hf]8]/
gd:sf/ ul5{g \ . gd| eP/ afl] N5g \ . *= s;;} Fu ¹u8f gug]{, gdL7f] gafN] g] egs] f]
v?' Ss dfGg,] ;a;} uF ldn]/ a:g] /lagf ;a}sf] Kof/f] ags] L l5g \ . pgnfO{ 3/df,
l5d]sdf, ljBfnodf tyf pgL hxfF hflG5g\†
ToxfF ;a}n] dfof u5{g\ . pgL hqf afnsx¿
cgfjZos ¿kdf rn/] cfdfaa' fnfO{ b'Mv
lbG5g\ t/ pgL eg] cfdfa'afsf] cf1fsf/L
l5g\ . 5/l5ds] sf dflg;x¿ /lagf h:t}
;Gtfg eP t ;a} cfdfa'af ;v' L xG' y]
eG5g\ . cfÇgL 5f/] Lsf] o:tf] rrf{ ;'g/]
/lagfsf cfdfa'af w/] } v;' L xG' 5g \ .
9S' s M zªs\ f jf 8/ gePsf] sf;} L M a/G8f, 3/sf] ;ae} Gbf dflysf] vn' f
u[xsfo { M ljBfyLn{ fO{ 3/df ug{ lbOPsf] sfd 7fpF
rf/f] M r/fsf] vfg] s'/f
cgfjZos M cfjZos gePsf]
18 5l/tf] gk] fnL – efu b'O{ cf1fsf/L M eg]sf] dfGg]
cEof;
zAb 1fg
!= tnsf zAbx¿ z'4;Fu pRrf/0f u/ M
ljBfno, kqklqsf, Kof/f,] lzIfs, rrf,{ ;Gtfg, /fd|/L
@= tnsf zAbx¿sf] cy{ nv] M
k;| fb, cleefjs, cf1fsf/L, sf;} L, rf/f]
#= z4' kf//] ;f/ M
5/5Ld]ssf dfgLzx¿ /aLgf h:t} zGtfg eo t za} cfdfaa" f zl' v x'Gy]
eg]/ s'/f u/5g \ .
$= jfSodf ko| fu] u/ M
af6f], cfdf, l5d]s, htg ug'{, g/fd/| L
%= dflysf] lgaGwaf6 ‘P’ / ‘o’ nfus] f kfFrkfrF zAbx¿ vfh] /] n]v .
^= tnsf zAb / cys{ f aLrdf hf8] f ldnfpm M
x8a8 ljBfyL{nfO{ 3/df ug{ lbPsf] sfd
9'Ss cfjZos gePsf]
bzg{ cflQbF f x'g] u8a8L
cgfjZos 8/ gePsf]
ux[ sfo { bj] Lb]jtf jf dfGohgnfO{ ul/g] clejfbg
k7g afw]
!= tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] PsPs jfSodf pQ/ bp] m M
s_ /lagfsf bfh' / a'af p7/] xftdv' wfP] kl5 s] u5g{ \ <
v_ /lagf cfdfnfO{ s]s] sfd ;3fpFl5g\ <
u_ /lagfnfO{ s;n] skfn sf]l/lbgx' 'G5 <
5l/tf] gk] fnL – efu bO' { 19
3_ /lagfsf] sIfflzIfssf] gfd s] xf] <
ª_ /lagfnfO{ ljBfnodf lng cfpg lsg l9nf] xG' 5 <
r_ /lagfsf l5ds] Lx¿ s] eG5g\ <
@= 7Ls a]7Ls 56' \ofpm M
s_ /lagf 3/df kfns] f] ss' /' nfO{ klg w]/} dfof ul5g{ \ .
v_ u'?u?' cfdfn] k9fPsf jn] f /lagf slxNo} Wofg lbGgg\ .
u_ k"hf ;lsPkl5 cfdf /lagfnfO{ 6Lsf nufP/ k|;fb lbgx' 'G5 .
3_ /lagf k9fOdf eGbf klg cGo s'/fdf a9L Wofg lblG5g\ .
ª_ /lagfsf bfh', aa' f ;a]/} p7/] vfgf vfG5g\ .
#= ltdLnfO{ /lagfsf] sg' sg' afgL dg k¥of] < cfÇgf] sfkLdf kfrF jfSo n]v .
$= 7Ls pQ/df /h] f -√_ nufpm M
s_ /lagf laxfg xftdv' wf]P/ s] ul5{g\ <
c_ k"hf sf7] fdf kl:5g\ . cf_ v]Ng hflG5g\ . O_ klqsf k9l\ 5g\ .
v_ /lagf sf};Ldf uP/ s] ul5g{ \ <
c_ r/fnfO{ rf/f] xflN5g\ . cf_ rªu\ f p8fpFl5g\ . O_ nu' f wl' G5g\ .
u_ ;'?df /lagfnfO{ vn] s'bdf ?lr ======= .
c_ clncln lyof] . cf_ w]/} lyof] . O_ slQ klg lyPg .
O_ rf/ hgf
3_ /lagfsf] kl/jf/df slt hgf 5g\ <
c_ ltg hgf cf_ kfFr hgf
ª_ /lagf c¿;uF s;/L afl] N5g\ <
c_ l/;fP/ cf_ gd| eP/ O_ ¹lsP{ /
%= tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ b]pm M
s_ /lagf ljBfnodf lsg ;as} f] Kof/f] ePsL xf] <
v_ /lagfsf cfdfaa' f lsg pm;uF v]Ngx' 'G5 <
u_ /lagfnfO{ lsg l5ds] Lx¿n] c;n dfgs] f x'g\ <
3_ ;ftfF} cgR' 5]baf6 /lagfsf s'g} b'O{ cf6] f /fdf| afgLx¿ nv] .
20 5l/tf] gk] fnL – efu bO' {
^= s:tf] afgLnfO{ c;n afgL elgG5 < cfk"mn] hfgs] f] s'/f kfrF jfSodf n]v .
l;h{gf
!= ltdL cfÇgf] 3/df s]s] sfd u5f }{ . cfk"mn] ug{ ;Sg} s'g} kfFr cf]6f sfdx¿
n]v .
@= s:tf] dflg;nfO{ ;an} ] ?rfpF5g\ < dflysf] kf7sf] cfwf/df cfkm" nfO{ nfu]sf]
s'/f n]v .
Jofs/0f
!= tnsf] tflnsfaf6 jfSo agfpm M
d ;fyLx¿;Fu vN] 5 ========================================
xfdL ldn]/ vN] 5g\ ========================================
tF vN] 5' ========================================
ltdL v]N5f} ========================================
pm v]N5;\ ========================================
pgLx¿ vN] 5f}F ========================================
@= pbfx/0f x]/ clg tnsf jfSox¿ ldnfP/ n]v M
pbfx/0f
aa' f ahf/ uPsf] 5 . – aa' f ahf/ hfge' Psf] 5 .
– ========================================
s_ alxgL w]/} ?G5 .
v_ ljBfyL{x¿ u[xsfo{ u5{ – ========================================
u_ /lagf cfÇgf] sfd cfkmF} u5g{ \ . – ========================================
3_ pgLx¿n] lstfa lsGof ] . – ========================================
– ========================================
ª_ tkfO+{ s] ub}{ 5 <
5l/tf] g]kfnL – efu b'O{ 21
ljz]if 1fg
w]/} a'´fpg] zAbx¿
cª\u'/sf] – ¹'Kkf] sldnfsf] – tfFtL
9'ª\ufsf] – y'k|f] w'jfFsf] – d':nf]
k/fnsf] – s'Go'F km;L{sf] – ¹fn
ds}sf] – s'Go'F ldqsf] – d08nL
pGoF'sf] – 3f/L s]/fsf] – 3/L
bfp/fsf] – vlnof] gf]6sf] – vft
k"mnsf] – dfnf df}/Lsf] – uf]nf]
/f}Fsf] – u'h'N6f] e]8fsf] – ayfg
tnsf] lrqdf /ª e/ M
22 5l/tf] gk] fnL – efu b'O{
KFF7 hLjgL
$ ´ds l3ld/]
efOalxgLx¿;FuÛ
tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] pQ/ lbg] ko| f; u/ M
– ltdLn] zf/Ll/s ¿kdf sdhf/] dflg;x¿ bv] s] f 5f} < – ckfªu\ tf xg' ' egs] f] s] xfn] f <
– ckfªu\ tf ePsf dflg;x¿nfO{ s:tf] Jojxf/ ugk{' 5{ < – ckfªu\ tf ePsf / gfd rns] f sfx] L ;g' s] f 5f} <
z/L/sf] sg' } cªu\ n] /fd/| L sfd ug{ g;Sg' jf dl:tissf] /fdf| ] ljsf; gxg' n' fO{ ckfªu\ tf xg' ' elgG5 . zf/Ll/s
¿kdf sdhf/] eP/ klg w/] } dflg;x¿n] zf/Ll/s ¿kdf ;Ifd /xs] f dflg;x¿n] eGbf /fdf| sfdx¿ u/s] f 5g \ .
ckfªu\ tf ePsf dflg;x¿ j1} flgs, ;flxTosf/, ufos cflb eP/ gfd sdfPsf 5g \ . kf7df ckfªu\ tf eP/ klg
gk] fnL ;flxTodf rlrt{ ¹ds l3ld/s] f] hLjgL lbOPsf] 5 . pgn] s;/L ;flxTodf cfÇgf] gfdnfO{ ljlzi6 agfOg\
aˆ' gsf nflu tnsf] hLjgL Wofg lbP/ k9 M
!= dflg;df ;fx; / lxDdt eof] eg] p;n] h:tf];'s}
sl7g sfo{ klg ;xh 9ªu\ n] ;DkGg ug{ ;S5 .
zf/Ll/s ¿kdf sdhf/] ePsf so} f}F dflg;x¿
dfgl;s ¿kdf zlStzfnL b]lvG5g \ . o:tf
JolStx¿n] zf/Ll/s ¿kdf sdhf]/ eP klg
pNnv] gLo sfo{ u/]/ ;+;f/df cfk"mnfO{ lrgfpg
;S5g \ . dflg;sf] aflx/L ¿k h:tf] eP klg c;n
sfd ug{ ;Sof] eg] p;nfO{ ;an} ] k'U5g \ . o:t}
c;n sfd u//] ;+;f/df gfd sdfpgx] ¿dWo]
¹ds l3ld/] klg Ps xg' \ .
@= a'af s[i0fk|;fb l3ld/] / cfdf cfzfb]jL l3ld/]sf h7] f] ;Gtfgsf] ¿kdf ¹ds
l3ld/]sf] hGd lj=;+= @)#& c;f/ @! ut] wgs6' f lhNnfsf] slr8] eGg]
7fpFdf ePsf] lyof] . pgL hlGdbF fbl] v g} zf/Ll/s ¿kdf czSt lyOg \ . pgsf
xftuf]8f rNb}gy] . pgsf] afn] L klg k'm6\g ;ss] f] lyPg . pgL hGdhft
dl:tis kIf3ftsf] /f]un] kLl8t lyOg \ .
sfo{ M sfd dl:tis kIf3ft M lbdfu grNg] /f]u
pNn]vgLo M rrf{ ugk{' g]{, pNnv] ug{ ;lsg] hGdhft M hGdb} ]lvsf], hGd xFb' f g} /x]sf]
czSt M sdhf/]
5l/tf] gk] fnL – efu b'O{ 23
#= afNosfndf ¹dssf] ljz]if /v] b]v / :ofxf/;';f/ pgsL xh/' cfdfaf6 ePsf]
lyof] . xh'/cfdfn] pgnfO{ cToGt bM' vsf ;fy x'sfp{ g] sfd ul/g\ . xh/' cfdfsf]
lgwg ePkl5 ¹dsnfO{ pgsL cfdfn] a8f] :gx] sf ;fy nfngkfng ug{] sfd ul/g \ .
$= ¹ds ckfªu\ eP klg pgL cfkm}F s]xL g
s]xL u/]/ afRF g rfxlGyg\ . zf/Ll/s ¿kdf
sdhf/] eP klg dfgl;s ¿kdf pgL ;an
aGb} uOg\ . pgsL cfdfnfO{ 5/l5d]sL tyf
cfkmGthgn] æs:tf] aRrf hGdfPsL, of]
aRrL rf8F } d/] ltdLn] ;v' kfpYF ofÆ} eGy] .
pgsL cfdf ltgsf jrgn] bM' vL xl' Gyg \ .
pgnfO{ eg] s;n] s] eGof†] yfxf x'bF }gYof] .
%= ;do laTb} uof ] . sx] L ;dokl5 cfzfbj] Ln] csL{ 5f/] L hGdfOg\ . x'ls{+b} uPkl5
pgnfO{ ljBfnodf egf{ ul/of] . pgL ljBfno cfpghfg yflng \ . cfÇgL alxgL
ljBfno cfpghfg yfns] f] b]v]/ ¹dsnfO{ klg ljBfno hfg dg nfUYof] t/
zf/Ll/s czSttfsf sf/0f pgL ljBfno hfg ;St}glyg \ .
^= aa' fn] alxgLnfO{ s,v l;sfpFbf klg ¹ds ltgsf] 5]pdf a;]/ ;l' g/xlGyg \ .
dgsf] s/' f d'vdf NofP/ pRrf/0f ug{ ;Sb}glyg \ . 6n' '6'n' xl] //xlGyg\ . hxfF
OR5f ToxfF pkfo eg] ¹}F pgL PsfGtdf hflGyg\ . lbglbg} zLt k/]sf] 9'ª\ufdfly
afofF uf]8fsf] cf}nF fn] cIf/ n]Vg] k|of; uly{g\ . o;}u/L pgn] slxn] df6fd] f t
slxn] eftsf] yfndf ;d]t ga'l¹g] cIf/ nV] g yflng \ . 9ª' u\ fsf] zLtdf pgn]
klxnf]k6s ‘s’ nl] vg\ t/ pgn] n]vs] f] cIf/ 3fd nfUbf To;T} o;} x/fP/ uof] .
la:tf/}la:tf/} ¹dsn] ;fjfF cIf/ nV] g yflng \ . pgn] dflg; tyf kz'kG5Lsf
/fdf| /fd|f lrqx¿ klg df6f]df g} agfpg yflng \ . pgn] agfPsf lrqnfO{
;an} ] s'Nr]/ lx8F ] t/ pgsf] rfxgf s;}n] klg a'¹]gg\ . pgL k9g\ nV] g / lrq
agfpg rfxlGyg \ . pgsf] dv' af6 cfafh gcfP klg dg rflxF afl] n/xGYof] .
&= ¹dssL alxgLn] pgnfO{ s;n} ] gb]Vg] u/L sfkLsnd lbg yflng\ . h;af6 pgn]
lgwg M d[To', bx] fGt ;an M alnof]
:g]x M cfkm" eGbf ;fgfnfO{ ul/g] dfof zLt M /ftL cfsfzaf6 kg]{ lr;f] kfgLsf]
cfkmGthg M gftb] f/, aGw'afGwj
czSttf M sdhf]/Lkg, ba' {ntf s0f
;fpF cIf/ M c bl] v 1 ;Ddsf cIf/x¿
24 5l/tf] gk] fnL – efu bO' {
hLjgdf 7n" f] k/]| 0ff kfOg\ . pgn] cfk"mnfO{ zAb / jfSodf JoSt ug{ yflng\ .
pgL lbg k|ltlbgsf] cEof;sf sf/0f uf]8fn] snd Rofk/] dgdf nfu]sf] s'/f
n]Vg ;Sg] eOg \ . pgsf xftx¿ rNb} rn]gg\ . af]nL klg k'm6b\ } km' 6g] t/ pgn]
uf8] fn] n]Vg yfn]sf] xNnf rf/l} t/ km}ng yfNof] . kqklqsfx¿n] pgsf] af/]df
;dfrf/ 5fKg yfn] . la:tf/l} a:tf/} ¹dsn] cfÇgf] dgsf j]bgfnfO{ sljtf,
syfsf] ¿kdf JoSt ug{ yflng\ . kqklqsfx¿n] pgsf /rgfx¿ k|sflzt
ug{ yfn] .
*= o;} qmddf sflGtk'/ klqsfn] ¹dsnfO{ xKtfdf Pp6f nv] k|sfzg ug]{ cj;/
lbof ] . /rgfx¿ xKtl} kR5] sflGtk/' df 5flkPkl5 pgsf] kl| ;l4 a9\b} uof] .
pgnfO{ cfjZos kg]{ lstfa, sfkL lsGg s;s} f] e/ kgk{' /]g . lgoldt cEof;,
cWoog tyf ldlxg]tsf sf/0f pgsf] n]vg Ifdtf a9b\ } uof ] . pgnfO{ w/] }
dflg;n] lrGg yfn] .
(= ¹dsn] g]kfnL ;flxTosf sljtf,
syf tyf lgaGwdf snd rnfPsL
l5g \ . sljtf tyf lgaGwsf
lstfax¿ 5flkPsf 5g\ . pgsf]
‘hLjg sf8F f ls km" n <’ gfds
lstfan] g]kfnL ;flxTos} 7"nf]
dflgg] dbg k'/:sf/ klg kfPsf]
5 . pgn] ;flxTosf] ;]jf u/]sfn]
pgnfO{ w]/} k'/:sf/x¿n] ;Ddflgt ul/Psf] 5 . pgnfO{ ;/sf/L tyf lghL
If]qx¿af6 klg ;Ddfg ul/Psf] 5 .
!)= hLjgdf sx] L ug{ ;lsFbg} eg/] x/]; vfg]x¿sf lglDt ¹ds l3ld/] ldlxg]t
/ nugzLntf eof] eg] h] klg ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] s/' fsf] pbfx/0f ags] L l5g \ .
zf/Ll/s ¿kn] sdhf]/ eP klg b9[ c7f6] / cfTdljZjf;sf sf/0f cfh pgL
;a}sf] k|]/0ffsf] ;f| ]t ag]sL l5g \ .
kl| ;l4 M nfs] lk|otf nugzLntf M sg' } sfddf Psfx] f/] f] eP/ nfus] f]
;Ddflgt M ;Ddfg ul/Psf] cj:yf
b9[ c7f6] M bxf| ,] alnof] c7f6]
k/|] 0ff M xf};nf
5l/tf] g]kfnL – efu bO' { 25
cEof;
zAb 1fg
!= tnsf zAbx¿ z'4;uF pRrf/0f u/ M
pNnv] gLo, ckfª\u, PsfGt, ;flxTo, cIf/, k|]/0ff
@= z'4 kf//] ;f/ M
;fl/l/s ¿kdf sdhf/] eosf so} f} dfgL;x¿ dfgl;s ¿kdf ;StLzfnL
bv] LG5g .
#= z'4 zAb lrg]/ /h] f -√_ nufpm M
s_ ;fl/l/s zf/Ll/s zfl/l/s ;f/Ll/s
v_ ;flxTo ;fxLTo zflxTo ;flxTP
u_ kl;4{ kl| z4 kl| ;4 k|;L4
3_ k;k' G5L kz'klG5 kz'k5L kz'kG5L
ª_ dl:t:s d:tLis dl:tis dlitis
$= tnsf zAbx¿sf] cy{ n]v M
lgw{g, dl:tis, kIf3ft, czSt, nugzLntf, ;fpF cIf/
%= dflysf] hLjgLaf6 ‘a’ / ‘j’ sf] k|ofu] ePsf kfrF kfFr zAbx¿ nv] M
^= tnsf zAb / cys{ f aLrdf hf8] f ldnfpm M
hGdhft alnof]
;an hGdb} l] vsf]
;Ddflgt nf]slk|otf
czSt gft]bf/
cfkmGthg pT;fx lbg] sfd
k]/| 0ff sdhf/]
26 5l/tf] gk] fnL – efu bO' {
k7g afw]
!= tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] PsPs jfSodf pQ/ bp] m M
s_ ¹ds l3ld/]sf] hGd slxn] / sxfF ePsf] lyof] <
v_ ¹ds l3ld/s] f dftflktfsf] gfd ss] ] xf] <
u_ ¹dsnfO{ hGdbb} l] v s:tf] /f]u nfus] f] lyof] <
3_ ¹dsnfO{ s;n] sfkLsnd lbof] <
ª_ ¹ds s;/L nl] V5g\ <
r_ sg' klqsfn] pgsf] nv] xKtl} kR5] 5fKg yfNof] <
5_ ¹dssf] sg' lstfan] dbg k/' :sf/ kfof] <
@= 7Ls a]7Ls 5'6o\ fP/ nv] M
s_ ¹ds hGdhft dl:tis kIf3ftsf] /f]un] kLl8t lyOg \ .
v_ 5/l5d]sLsf dL7f] jrgn] pgsL cfdf ;fx|} v';L xl' Gyg \ .
u_ pgsf] ‘hLjg sf8F f ls k"mn <’ gfds lstfan] dbg
k'/:sf/ kfPsf] 5 .
3_ ¹dssL alxgLn] pgnfO{ s;}n] gbV] g] u/L sfkL snd lbg
yflng\ .
ª_ ¹ds km6fkm6 s/' f ug{ ;lS5g \ .
#= ;xL pQ/df /]hf -√_ nufpm M
s_ ¹dsnfO{ afNosfndf s;n] :ofxf/;;' f/ u¥of] <
c_ bfOn ] cf_ xh'/cfdfn] O_ dfdfn]
v_ ¹dsnfO{ sg' /f]u nfus] f] lyof] <
u_ ¹c_d sx=ft==s===f]=k==I=f=3==f=t== cf_ v6' \6fsf] kIf3ft O_ dl:tis kIf3ft
n] n]lV5g \ .
c_ v6' \6f cf_ ba] |] xft O_ d'v
3_ ;fgf]df ¹ds PsfGtdf uP/ s]df n]lVyg\ <
c_ sfkLdf =====c==f=_== ==e==O' ;Fd|ff]t O_ zLt k/s] f] 9ª' u\ fdf
ª_ ¹ds ;a}sf nflu l5g\ .
ag]sL
c_ k/]| 0ffsf ] cf_ nfe] sf ] O_ l/;sf]
5l/tf] g]kfnL – efu b'O{ 27
$= tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ b]pm M
s_ ¹dssf] afNosfn s;/L laTof] <
v_ ¹dsn] s;/L nV] gk9g\ hflgg\ <
u_ ¹dsnfO{ s;/L ;a}n] lrGg yfn] <
3_ ¹dsnfO{ lsg ;Ddfg ul/G5 <
%= ¹ds l3ld/s] f] hLjgL k9]/ ltdLn] s] lzIff kfof} < sDtLdf kfFr jfSodf
n]v .
l;h{gf
!= ltd|f] g]kfnL k9fpg] lzIfssf] af/d] f lzIfsnfO{ g} ;fw] /] tnsf] vfnL 7fpFdf
n]v clg To;nfO{ hLjgLsf] ¿kdf sfkLdf n]v .
M ========================================
gfd M ========================================
hGd:yfg M ========================================
M ========================================
hGdldlt M ========================================
dftflktf M ========================================
bfhe' fO M ========================================
lbbLalxgL
k9]sf] ljBfno
P;\=Pn\=;L= kf; u/s] f] ;fn M ========================================
M ========================================
k9s] f] sn]h
k9fpg ;'? u/]sf] ;fn M ========================================
klxnf] rf]l6 k9fPsf] :sn' M ========================================
M ========================================
xfnsf] 7u] fgf
@= cfÇgf] aa' fsf] af/]df ltdLn] hfg]sf s'/fx¿ /fv/] Ps cgR' 5b] n]v .
28 5l/tf] g]kfnL – efu b'O{
Jofs/0f
!= pbfx/0f x/] clg tnsf zAbx¿nfO{ ax'jrg agfpm M
pbfx/0f M s6] f] – s6] fx¿ kft – ========================
efO – ===================== eF};L – ========================
lstfa – ===================== kftf] – ========================
vf]nf] – ===================== r/f] – ========================
5fgf] – ==================== afvf| ] – ========================
Eofu'tf] – ====================
@= tnsf] tflnsfaf6 jfSo agfpm M
pm =========================================
pgLx¿
=========================================
efO
efO / alxgL lgoldt hfG5 . =========================================
ljBfno hfG5g\ . =========================================
cg'k =========================================
ljBfyLx{ ¿
=========================================
ljzi] f 1fg
gk] fnsf kl| ;4 dlxnfx¿
cflb sjloqL – nlntlqk'/f ;'Gb/L qmflGtsf/L – of]udfof
;u/dfyf cf/fx] L – kf;fªNxfd' zk] f { uflosf – dn] jfb]jL
klxnf] kw| fgfWofks – cª\u'/afaf hfz] L klxnf] ljdfg rfns – /Iff /f0ff
klxnf] dGqL – åfl/sfb]jL 7s'/fgL
lrt'jfnfO{ lhTg] – ;hgf nfdf -aflnsf_
dbg k/' :sf/ kfpg ]– kfl/hft, ¹ds l3ld/ ], /fwf kf}8]n
5l/tf] g]kfnL – efu b'O{ 29
KFF7 gf6s
% ltdf| ] gfd s] xf] <
– ljdn ef}sfhL
efOalxgLx¿;FuÛ
tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] pQ/ lbg] k|of; u/ M
– ltdLn] gf6s x/] s] f 5f} < – gf6s xg] { sxfF hfgk' 5{ <
– snd, kl] G;nn] afn] s] f] ;g' s] f 5f} < – ltdLnfO{ cfÇgf] gfd s:tf] nfU5 <
gf6s x]g{] 7fpFnfO{ /ª\ud~r elgG5 . /ª\ud~rdf snfsf/x¿n] bzs{ x¿sf] cufl8 g}
clego u//] gf6s bv] fpF5g \ . gf6sdf ljleGg snfsf/x¿ xG' 5g\ / pgLx¿n] afn] L
tyf clegoåf/f cfÇgf] s'/f eG5g\ . kf7df lbOPsf] gf6sdf k]lG;n, snd / 86kg] x¿
snfsf/ 5g\ . pgLx¿n] cfk"mn] sfd ug{ g;s]sf sf/0f cfÇgf] gfd gldns] f] 7fgs] f 5g\
/ gfd km]g{ rfx]sf 5g\ . lsg oL snfsf/x¿nfO{ cfÇgf] gfd km]gk'{ g]{ cj:yf cfP5, aˆ' g
tnsf] kf7 sIffdf kfn}kfnf] cfafh lgsfn]/ gf6ss} z}nLdf jfrg u/ M
:yfg M n]vk9 ug]{ sf7] f
;do M hf8f] dlxgf, ux[ sfo{ ul//xs] f] ;do
kfqx¿ M snd, 86k]g, l;;fsnd
!= -kf7zfnfsf] ux[ sfo{ ugs{ f nflu ¹fn] faf6 Pp6f snd aflx/ lg:sG5 . Pp6f
sfkL kN6fP/ ux[ sfo{ ubfu{ b{} snd ;b}g{ To;n} ] pm rk' rfk a:5 . ¹fn] faf6
Pp6f 86k]g lg:sG5 ._
86k]g M P snd ¤ ca ltdLn] cfÇgf] gfd abNgk' 5 { .
@= snd M -5Ss kb{_} lsg < lsg gfd abNg' d}n] <
kf7zfnf M ljBfno, :sn'
r'krfk M gaf]lnsg
30 5l/tf] gk] fnL – efu b'O{
#= 86kg] M lsgeg] ca ltdL n]Vg ;Sb}gf } .
$= snd M s] egs] f] ltdLn] < lsg nV] g ;lStgF d <
%= 86kg] M x¿] F t, s;/L nV] 5f} <
-snd n]Vg vf]H5 – sfkLdf, t/ pm ;b{} ;b}g{ ._
^= snd M -dgdg_} ;fRF r,} d t nV] g} g;Sg] kf] eP5 ' . ca dn} ] cfÇgf]
gfd kmg] k{' 5 { .
&= 86k]g M s:tf] nfUof] t d]/f] s/' f <
-snd sx] L afN] g ;Sbg} . === /, 86kg] wdfwd ux[ sfo{ ug{
yfN5 . s]xL a]/kl5 nV] b} hfbF f 86kg] klg ;b}g{ ._
*= snd M s] eof] 86kg] < lsg gn]v]sf] <
(= 86k]g M kv g, nV] b} 5' .
-86k]g nV] g vf]H5, t/ p;sf] n]Vg] ko| f; c;kmn xG' 5 ._
!)= snd M ca ltdL klg n]Vg ;Sbg} f} .
!!= 86k]g M -dgdg_} ;fFRr} d klg n]Vg ;lStgF .
!@= snd M ca ltdLn] klg gfd km]gk{' 5 { .
!#= 86kg] M -dgdg_} xf] t, ca dn} ] klg cfÇgf] gfd km]g{k' 5{ .
-7Ls ToxL avt ¹f]nfaf6 kmQ' Pp6f l;;fsnd aflx/
lg:sG5 ._
!$= l;;fsnd M 86kg] ¤ ltdL cfÇgf] gfd s] /fV5f} ca <
!%= 86k]g M vf]O, s] /fVg] xfn] f <
!^= l;;fsnd M snd ¤ ltdLrflxF s] /fV5f} lg cfÇgf] gfd <
!&= snd M vfO] , s] /fVg] <
!*= l;;fsnd M t/ cfÇgf] gfd kmg] k{' g]{ cfjZostf lsg k¥of] xF ltdLx¿nfO{ <
-yfxf gkfP¹}F u//] aˆ' g vfH] 5 ._
!(= 86k]g, snd M -bj' _} lsgeg] ca xfdL nV] g ;Sbg} f F} . To;n} ] gfd kmg] k{' g{] ef]
xfdLnfO { .
c;kmn M ;kmn gePsf] wt \ M s;}nfO{ xfR] ofP/ elgg] zAb
5l/tf] g]kfnL – efu b'O{ 31
@)= l;;fsnd M wt\ ¤ nf6f xf], cfÇgf] gfd klg km5] { s;n} ] <
@!= 86k]g M nV] g g;Sg] ePkl5 d}n] cfÇgf] gfd 86k]g eg/] s;/L
/flv/xg ;S5' / < kmg] {} k¥of] lg .
@@= snd M d klg t ca n]Vg g;Sg] ePkl5 s;/L cfÇgf] gfd snd
eg]/ /flv/x"F <
@#= l;;fsnd M Ps}l5g n]Vg ;lsPg eGbd} f gfd kml] //xgk' 5{ t a4' ' xf] <
@$= 86k]g,snd M -Ps;} fy_ Psl5g /] < ca xfdL t lhGbuLe/ n]Vg ;St}gf F} .
@%= l;;fsnd M s] ltdLx¿n] a¹' s] f 5f,} lsg ltdLx¿n] nV] g ;sg] f} <
@^= 86kg] , snd M -b'j}_ cxF .
@&= l;;fsnd M n snd ¤ ltdL klxnf cfkmF}nfO{ lgofn/] x/] . s] ltdL;Fu
‘d;L’ afFsL 5 <
@*= snd M -cfk"mnfO{ lgofNb}_ cfx] f] ¤ d;L t ;lsP5 .
@(= l;;fsnd M xf], d;L ;lsPkl5 nV] g ;lsG5 t < nf} d;L e/ t . n]V5f} ls
n]Vb}gf} <
#)= snd M -d;L e5{ / sfkLdf sfg] { yfN5_ P ¤ d t kml] / ;/]F km]l/ ;/F] .
-v';L x'G5 ._
#!= l;;fsnd M ca 86kg] ¤ x/] , ltdL cfk"mnfO{ .
#@= 86k]g M -cfkm" nfO{ x]b_}{ d t ‘l/lkmn’df e/L g} 5' t .
##= l;;fsnd M -xf:F b_} t/ ;b{}gf} ltdL, xfO] g < lsg yfxf 5 < lsgeg]
hf8fs] f sf/0fn] ubf{ l/lkmnleq d;L hd]sf] 5 .
#$= 86kg] M P, xf] t /x5] .
#%= l;;fsnd M nf} Psk6s To;nfO{ xTsn] fsf] aLrdf /u8/] tftf] kf/ t .
-86k]g To;} u5{ / sfkLdf sfg] { yfN5 ._
#^= 86kg] M ;/;F] /],F d kml] / n]Vg ;Sg] eP F .
-86k]g v;' L x'G5 ._
a4' ' M dv" { l/lkmn M 86kg] df x'g] d;L el/Psf] ;O' /f]
lgofn/] M lrofP/, ulx/f;] uF x]/]/
32 5l/tf] gk] fnL – efu bO' {
#&= l;;fsnd M -s]xL If0fkl5_ ca klg ltdLx¿nfO{ cfÇgf] gfd km]g'{k5{
eGg] nfUb} 5 <
#*= 86k]g M ca t nfu]sf] 5g} .
#(= snd M cl3 n]Vg g;Sbf kf=] ==
$)= l;;fsnd M seGg' b} d} sf fT/o0;fj/zL xstfllx/nPs]/ fgxfLFdc} kfÇmg]g{f]vsfH] fgdx' –G's5tJ{<o=xu/] g, { ;lsPg
dnfO{ g}
x/] . nV] bfnV] b} af/Daf/ d/] f] rR' rf] ‘afw] f’] eP/ d nV] g g;Sg]
cj:yfdf kU' 5 ' . To:tf] j]nfdf d s] u5'{ < yfxf 5 <
$!= 86k]g, snd M -Ps;} fy_ s] u5f}{ <
$@= l;;fsnd M To:tf] jn] fdf cfÇgf] gfd kmg] {] ;f]r slxNo} klg agfplF bgF d .
d t ykSs ‘kl] G;ns6/’ df uP/ ltvfl/G5' / ;// n]Vg
yfN5,' a'ˆof} <
$#= 86kg] , snd M -Ps;fy_ P===
$$= l;;fsnd M x/] , xfdL Ps} jus{ f j:t' xf}F . kl/cfPsf j]nf lxDdt xfgx{' b'F g} .
a'l4, ljj]s nufP/ cfÇgf] gfd /fVg] pkfo ;fR] gk' 5{ .
-To;kl5 snd, 86kg] , l;;fsnd ltgn} ] kfn}kfnf] ux[ sfo{ ug{ nfU5g \ ._
sf/0fjz M s'g} sf/0fn] k]lG;ns6/ M kl] G;n ltvfg{] ;fwg
af]wf ] M wf/ gePsf]
5l/tf] g]kfnL – efu bO' { 33
cEof;
zAb 1fg
!= z4' ;uF pRrf/0f u/ M
ux[ sfo,{ 86k\ g] , cfjZostf, al' 4, st{Jo
@= tnsf zAbx¿sf] cy{ n]v M
kf7zfnf, c;kmn, a4' ', afw] f], kl] G;ns6/
#= jfSodf k|of]u u/ M
cfÇgf], snd, lsgeg,] kf,] lhGbuL
$= tnsf] jfSo z4' kf//] ;f/ M
kl/cfosf jn] f lxDdt xfg{' xb' g} . a4' L ljjs] nufo/ cfkmgf] gfd /fVg] pkfo
;fR] gk' 5 { .
%= dflysf] gf6saf6 cfwf cIf/ k|of]u ePsf s'g} kfrF zAb vfh] ]/ n]v .
^= dflysf] gf6saf6 ‘P’ / ‘o’ sf] k|ofu] ePsf kfrF kfrF cf]6f zAb vf]h]/ n]v .
k7g afw]
!= tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] PsPs jfSodf pQ/ b]pm M
s_ sndnfO{ s;n] gfd km]g{k' 5{ eGof] <
v_ 86k]gn] nV] g ;Sof] ls ;s]g <
u_ snd / 86k]g bj' }nfO{ s;n] lh:sfof] <
3_ snd s] u/]kl5 nV] g ;Sg] eof] <
ª_ kl/cfPsf jn] f s] ugk{' 5{ <
@= tnsf egfO s;s;sf x'g,\ dflysf] gf6s k9/] kQf nufpm M
============================
s_ ca ltdLn] klg gfd km]gk{' 5 { .
============================
v_ kl/cfPsf j]nf lxDdt xfg'{xbF' g} .
34 5l/tf] g]kfnL – efu bO' {
u_ P snd ¤ ca ltdLn] cfÇgf] gfd abNgk' 5{ . ============================
3_ wt\ ¤ nf6f xf,] cfÇgf] gfd lg km]5{ s;}n] < ============================
============================
ª_ d t n]Vg} g;Sg] kf] eP5 ' .
#= kf7af6 ldNg] zAb vfh] ]/ tnsf jfSox¿ k"/f u/ M
s_ cfÇgf] gfd kmg] {k' g]{ =============== lsg k¥of] xF ltdLx¿nfO{ <
v_ =============== ;lsPkl5 nV] g ;lsG5 t <
u_ Psk6s To;nfO{ =============== /u8/] tftf] kf/ t .
3_ kl/cfPsf jn] f =============== xfg{'x'Fbg} .
$= tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] pQ/ b]pm M
s_ 86kg] n] sndnfO{ lsg gfd km]g]{ ;Nnfx lbPsf] xf] <
v_ s] u/]kl5 snd / 86kg] n]Vg ;Sg] eP <
u_ l;;fsnd afw] f] ePkl5 s] u5{ <
%= ‘ltd|f] gfd s] xf] <’ gf6s k9k] l5 ltdLn] s] lzIff kfof} <
l;hg{ f
!= tnsf] s'/fsfgL k"/f u/ M
-;ljtfn] u[xsfo{ u/]sL 5g} ._
u?' cfdf M ;ljtf ltdLn] cfh u[xsfo{ lsg gu/s] L<
;ljtf M u?' cfdf, dnfO{ k6] b'vs] f] lyof] To;n} ] u[xsfo{ ug{} ;lsgF .
u?' cfdf M s===] =e==P=/===b='V==o==f=] =t==k==6] ==,==8==f=S=6==/=n==f=O=={ =h==Fr==f=o==f}=t===<==========================
;ljtf M
u;?'ljctffd f MM c===lx==n==] =s==:=t==f=] =5==,==ls====c==l=x=n==]=k==l=g==b=='l=v==/=x==]s==f=]=5===<=========================
u'?cfdf M vfgs] '/fdf cln Wofg lbgk' 5{ . h] kfof] ToxL vfgx' 'Fb}g . hyfefaL
;ljtf M v===f=g=f=n==]=k==]6===b=V'==5== =.=======================================================
u?' cfdf M lkpg] kfgL ;kmf ePg eg] klg /fu] nfU5 . Tof] t d}n] sIffdf atfPsL
lyPF lg .
5l/tf] g]kfnL – efu bO' { 35
;ljtf M ===========================================================================
u;?'ljctffd f MM =la==/==fd==L==e==P==/==u==g=={ =g==;==s==s] ==f=]=u==x[==s==f=o=={ =c==s==f=]{ =l=b=g===u==/=]/===b=v]===fp==m==x==} =.=======
Jofs/0f
!= tbskuaf?'nfffh]?3sisf ' ff –––––z Ab=====x==========¿===============s==========f=====] =====:=====q==========Ll=====n==========ª===== \u a'¹fpg] zAbdda/ofj'fffnu“RdOfv]f5n f] ff ] ]M ––––– =====================================================================================
@= stvu3ªn_____s fabdnugfllffhx/U]Oldgdgh' knd]Lf"nls]f;g;]Gv5fffxcyfjn] }|gLfr;Of] fS;k“usok'?'uxrslj]5d¿sff nnp.n]/gu fnO' 5aeu{ :l { fPd.5Psn s .LfLP 55/ ].n . ]v ==========M===================================================================================================================================================================================================
ljz]if 1fg
;Daf]wg / cfb/;"rs zAbx¿
dxf]bo – pRr:t/Lo JolStnfO{
afa ' – dfof ul/g] cfk"meGbf ;fgf JolStnfO{
gfgL – dfof ul/g] cfkm" eGbf ;fgf JolStnfO{
/fhf – Kof/f] u/]/ elgg] JolStnfO{
cfb/0fLo – cfb/ ugk'{ g]{ JolStnfO{
lr/~hLjL – 5f]/fgfltx¿nfO{
s'df/L – lax] gePsL s]6LnfO{
dxfdlxd – /fi6«klt, /fhb"tnfO{
dfggLo – dGqL, GofofwLz h:tf pRr:t/Lo JolStnfO{
>L – ;a}nfO{
;>' L – lax] gePsL s6] LnfO{
36 5l/tf] gk] fnL – efu bO' {
KFF7 lr7L
^ ;fyLnfO{ lr7L
efOalxgLx¿;FuÛ – ltdLn] slxNo} s;n} fO{ lr7L nv] s] f 5f} <
tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] pQ/ lbg] k|of; u/ M – lr7L nV] bf ss] :tf s/' fx¿df Wofg lbgk' 5{ <
– lr7L egs] f] s] xf] <
– lr7L lsg nl] vG5 <
cfÇgf] dgsf] s/' f c¿ s;n} fO{ nv] /] a¹' fpg] s/' fsfgLsf] dfWodnfO{ lr7L elgG5 . cfkm" eGbf 6f9f /xs] f cfkmGt
tyf ;fyLx¿nfO{ lr7L nl] vG5 . lr7L nV] bf sx] L s/' fdf Wofg lbgk' g{] xG' 5 . kf7df lbOPsf] lr7Ldf Pp6f ljBfyLn{ ]
cfÇgf] ;fyLnfO{ cfÇgf s/' fx¿ nv] s] f] 5 . kf7 Wofg lbP/ k9 clg lr7L nV] bf ss] ] s/' fdf Wofg lbgk' g{] /x5] eGg]
s/' f lzIfssf] ;xfotfn] aˆ' g] ko| f; u/ M
!= gofa“ hf/, sf7df8f“}
@= ldlt M @)&!÷)%÷@)
#= Kof/f] ;fyL ;ªu\ d,
$= w]/w} ]/} ;D¹gf .
%= d oxf“ ;Gr} 5 ' . Toxf“ ltdLnfO{ klg ;Gr}
xf;] \ egL eujfg\ kzk' ltgfy;u“ kf| yg{ f
ub5{ ' . ;fyL, ltdLn] t lxhfc] fh lr7L nV] g
klg 5f]8\of} . dfof df¥of} ls Sof xf]< cfh
ltd|f] ;D¹gf cfof] clg of] kq sfb] }{ 5' .
cl3Nnf] xKtf xfdf| ] ljBfnoaf6 ljBfyLx{ ¿nfO{ sf7df8f}s“ f ljleGg 7fp“
3'dfpg nluPsf] lyof ] . sIffcg;' f/ km/skm/s 7fpdF f nluPsf] lyof ] . xfdf| ]
sIffnfO{ eg] nlntk/' sf] hfjnfv]ndf /xs] f] ;b/ lrl8ofvfgf nluof ] . Tof]
ed| 0f w/] } /dfOnf] eof] . To;}n] ltdLnfO{ kqdf n]Vb} 5' .
^= hfjnfvn] sf] ;b/ lrl8ofvfgf xg] { gk] fnsf ljleGg 7fpaF f6 dflg;x¿ cfpbF f
/x5] g \ . ToxfF dflg;x¿ 3'Dg dfq geP/ jgefh] sf nflu klg hfbF f /x5] g\ .
lrl8ofvfgf M hLjhGt' tyf r/fr?' ª\uLnfO{ ;'/lIft /fVg] 7fpF jgefh] M jgdf ul/g] efh]
5l/tf] gk] fnL – efu bO' { 37
lrl8ofvfgfdf ljleGg
hª\unL hgfj/ tyf r/fx¿
/flvPsf /x5] g\ . hgfj/
x¿sf] :jefjcg;' f/ sg' n} fO{
vf/] agfP/ /flvPsf] /x5] eg]
sg' n} fO{ vn' f 7fpdF f kvfn{ leq
/flvPsf] /x5] . lrl8ofvfgfdf
dn} ] klxnf slxNo} gfd} g;'gs] f
sfsftj' f, wgz] h:tf r/fx¿ clg lrqdf dfq} bv] s] f sltko hgfj/x¿ bV] g
kfP “ . u}8F f, af3, efn,' lrtj' f, kfgL u}8“ f, uf]xL, h/fof,] bD' ;L, ;k{, clhª\u/
h:tf hgfj/x¿ x]bf{ cfgGb nfUof ] . sg' s} 'g} hgfj/x¿ bv] /] 8/ klg nfUof ] .
sg' } hgfj/ dflg;sf] 5p] 5fpdf cfpbF f /x5] g\ eg] sg' } hgfj/ dflg;nfO{
bV] bf ¹D6g vf]Hbf /x]5g\ . xfdLnfO{ u?' cfdfn] vf/] sf] 5]pdf xft nfg] tyf
hgfj/x¿nfO{ lh:Sofpg] h:tf sfo{ gug"{ eg]/ klxn] g} ;D¹fpge' Psf] lyof ] .
xfdLn] pxfFsf] s/' f Vofn /fv]sf lyof F} . dnfO{ Pp6f s/' f s] /dfOnf] nfUof]
eg] ToxfF /flvPsf hgfj/ tyf r/fx¿sf] gfd, kfOg] 7fpF, To;n] vfg] vfgf
cflbsf] af/d] f n]v/] /flvPsf] /x5] . To;af6 xfdLnfO{ r/f tyf hgfj/x¿sf]
af/]df aˆ' g ufx|f] ePg .
&= lrl8ofvfgfsf] aLrdf Pp6f kfv] /L /x]5 . ToxfF 8'ª\uf r9g\ klg kfOg] /x]5 .
s]6fs]6Lx¿sf] /dfOnf]sf] nflu w/] } yl/ v]nfg} fx¿ klg /flvPsf /x]5g \ .
xfQL r9/] 3D' g klg kfOg] /x]5 . xfdLn] xfQL klg r9\of }F . kf]v/Ldf 8'ªu\ f
klg r9\of“ } . xfdf| ] e|d0f w/] } /dfOnf] eof ] . ltdL klg sf7df8f“} cfPsf j]nfdf
a'afnfO{ eg/] kml] / 3D' g hfcf“n} f .
*= n t cfhnfO{ olt . c¿ s'/f csf]{ kqdf nv] f}“nf .
(= ltd|f] ;fyL
:jfut kGt
sfsft'jf M Ps ks| f/sf] r/fsf] gfd uf]xL M kfgLdf a:g] 3;]/| lxF8\g] hgfj/
wgz] M 6fpsf]df /ftf] 8Nnf] x'g] r/f 8ª' \uf M kfgLdfly ofqf ug{ ko| f]u xg' ] ;fwg,
clhªu\ / M ;f;n] tfg]/ cfxf/f lng] 7n" f] hftsf] gfp, gfs} f
;k{
bD' ;L M lhpel/ sf8F f x'g] hgfj/
38 5l/tf] gk] fnL – efu bO' {
(= vfdsf] gd'gf
:jfut kGt ;ªu\ d tfdfª
gof“ahf/, sf7df8f“} bfªl;ª $, g'jfsf6]
cEof;
zAb 1fg
!= tnsf zAbx¿ z'4;Fu pRrf/0f u/ M
ljBfno, 8'ªu\ f, Vofn, clhªu\ /, kf| yg{ f
@= cy{ n]v M
lrl8ofvfgf, b'D;L, kq, 8ª' u\ f, jgef]h,
#= jfSodf ko| f]u u/ M
/dfOnf], ufx|f,] Vofn /fVg', jgef]h, r/f
$= tnsf zAbx¿ z'4 kf//] n]v M
gfpm, sfP{, xfld, aLleGg, ;fe] fj, stLko
%= dflysf] lr7Laf6 rGb|laGb'sf] ko| fu] ePsf kfFr cf6] f zAbx¿ vfh] ]/ n]v .
^= pN6f] cy{ lbg] zAb n]v M
ufx|f,] vn' f, ;Grf], /dfOnf,] w/] }
5l/tf] g]kfnL – efu b'O{ 39
k7g afw]
!= tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] PsPs jfSodf pQ/ b]pm M
s_ dflysf] lr7L s;n] s;nfO{ nv] s] f] xf] <
v_ lr7L n]Vg] dflg; sxfF a:5 <
u_ ljBfnoaf6 b'O{ sIffsf ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ sxfF nluPsf] lyof] <
3_ lrl8ofvfgf eg]sf] s] xf] <
ª_ hgfj/x¿nfO{ lh:sfpg' xG' 5 ls xbF' g} <
@= 7Ls a7] Ls 56' \ofpm M
s_ dflysf] lr7L 5f/] f]n] cfÇgf] a'afnfO{ nv] ]sf] xf ] .
v_ lrl8ofvfgfdf w/] } yl/sf hLjhGt' / r/fr?' ªu\ L 5g\ .
u_ ;b/ lrl8ofvfgf g]kfnu~hdf k5{ .
3_ lrl8ofvfgfdf xfQLdf r9/] 3D' g kfOG5 .
ª_ lr7L nl] v;sk] l5 vfdsf] gd'gf agfpg'kb}g{ .
#= kf7af6 ldNg] zAb vf]h]/ tnsf vfnL 7fpF e/ M
s_ ;b/ lrl8ofvfgf nlntk/' sf] ================== df 5 .
v_ lrl8ofvfgfdf ljleGg ================ tyf r/fx¿ /flvPsf /x]5g \ .
u_ sg' } hgfj/ dflg;nfO{ bV] bf =============== /x5] g \ .
3_ xfdLn] kfv] /Ldf ============== klg r9\of}“ .
$= lrl8ofvfgfsf] af/]df 5f]6s/Ldf aofg u/ .
l;hg{ f
!= ltdLn] e|d0f u/s] f] s'g} 7fpsF f] af/d] f aofg u/]/ ;fyLnfO{ lr7L nv] .
@= cfÇgf] ljBfnosf] aofg u//] dfdfnfO{ lr7L n]v .
#= lzIfssf] ;xfotfn] ;t] f] sfuhaf6 lr7L /fv/] k7fpg] vfdsf] gd'gf agfpm .
To;df /ª nufpm clg kfpg] / k7fpg]sf] gfd n]v .
40 5l/tf] gk] fnL – efu b'O{
Jofs/0f
!= Wofg lbP/ k9 M
– afN] g] JolStnfO{ a'¹fpg cfpg] zAbnfO{ k|yd klxnf] elgG5 . d, xfdL
klxnf] k?' if x'g \ .
– ;'Gg] JolStnfO{ a¹' fpg] zAbnfO{ bf;] |f] k?' if elgG5 . tF, ltdL, tkfO+,{
xh'/ bf];|f] k?' if xg' \ .
– h;sf] af/d] f s'/f ul/G5 p;}nfO{ a¹' fpg] zAb t;] |f] k?' if xf ] . pm, pgL,
pgLx¿, pxfF t];|f] k'?if x'g \ .
@= tnsf jfSox¿ sg' k'?ifsf xg' \† lrg/] n]v . ======================
s_ tF sxfF a:5;\ < ======================
v_ d ldlxgt] u//] k95\ ' . ======================
u_ pm cfÇgf] sfd cfkm}F u5 { . ======================
3_ xfdLn] 5l/tf] g]kfnL Jofs/0f k9\of} F . ======================
ª_ pgLx¿ la/fdL ePsf 5g\ . ======================
r_ ltdLx¿ km' 6an v]N5f} .
#= tnsf jfSox¿nfO{ ldnfP/ n]v M
s_ d dfdf3/ uPsf] 5 . ===============================================
v_ xfdL cfÇgf] sfd cfkm}“ u5 { . ===============================================
===============================================
u_ t“ sfd u5f{} .
3_ ltdL rsrs u5;{ \ . ===============================================
ª_ tkfO+{ kfv] /f hfG5 . ===============================================
ljz]if 1fg
s]xL hªu\ nL hgfj/x¿
af3 u8F} f xfQL lrtj' f abF n] du[ Ajf;F f]
5l/tf] g]kfnL – efu bO' { 41
KFF7 uLt
kf5f{}+ c´} /fdf| ]
& – si[ 0fxl/ a/fn
efOalxgLx¿;FuÛ
tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] pQ/ lbg] k|of; u/ M
– ltdLnfO{ s:tf uLtx¿ dg k5g{ \ < – uLt nV] g] dflg;nfO{ s] elgG5 <
– ltdLn] uLtx¿ slQsf] ;g' s] f 5f} < – uLt ;g' k] l5 Tof] uLt s;n] nv] s] f] xf] eg/] ;fr] s] f 5f} <
uLt nV] g] dflg;nfO{ uLtsf/ elgG5 . xfdLn] ;G' g] uLtx¿ klxnf uLtsf/n] nV] 5g \ .
To;df ;ª\uLtsf/n] no e5{g\ clg dfq ufosuflosfx¿n] ufp5F g \ . Pp6f uLt /fdf| ]
aGg :j/ / ;ª\uLt h:t} nV] g] dflg;n] klg ldlxgt] u/s] f] x'gk' 5{ . kf7df lbOPsf] uLtsf
/rgfsf/ si[ 0fxl/ a/fn xg' \ . pgn] o; uLtdf xfdLn] w/] } ldlxgt] u//] cfÇgf] /fdf| ] bz] nfO{
c¹ /fdf| ] kfgk{' g{] s/' f atfPsf 5g \ . gk] fn w/] } ;G' b/ 5 . o;nfO{ c¹ ;G' b/ kfg{ xfdL ;an} ]
cfcfÇgf] 7fpaF f6 ldlxg]t ugk{' 5{ eGg] s/' f JoSt ePsf] tnsf] uLt sIffdf no xfn/]
jfrg u/ clg uLtsf/n] s] eGg vf]h]sf /x5] g†\ aˆ' g] k|of; u/ M
st} cUnf lxdfn st} kml} nPsf kmfF6
kj{t 5g\ xl] //xF"¹}F vftdfly vft .@.
o;} klg ;'Gb/ 5 Kof/f] bz] xfd|f]
kf/} vn] ;hfP/ kf5f}{+ c¹} /fdf| ] .$.
cgs] wd{ cg]s hflt cgs] efiffei] f
Pp6} gfd g]kfnL 5 cgs] df Ps .^.
kj{t M kxf8, 8f8F f] e]if M ljz]if lsl;dsf] njfO, klx/g,
vft M Psdfly csf]{ j:t' vK6o\ fP/ kf];fs
/flvPsf] yk' |f]
42 5l/tf] gk] fnL – efu b'O{
ljZjel/ lrgfpF5fF} g]kfn of] xfd|f]
kf}/vn] ;hfP/ kf5f{+} c¹} /fdf| ] .*.
st} n]sa]F;L st} cgs] gbLgfnf
st} u'/fF; km' Ng] st} ¹'Ng] wfgsf afnf .!).
km" n}km" nsf] yuF' fh:t} nfU5 bz] xfd|f]
kf}/vn] ;hfP/ kf5f}{+ c¹} /fdf| ] .!@.
kf}/v M ljz]if Ifdtf jf ;fdYo{ ePsf] sfo,{ a]F;L M kxf8sf] tNnf] efu
k/fqmd u/' f;F M n]sdf kmN' g] km" n
n]s M kxf8sf] dflyNnf] efu yu'F f M kmqm]sf] k"mn
cEof;
zAb 1fg
!= z4' ;uF pRrf/0f u/ M
ljZj, yuF' f, ;'Gb/, Kof/f], kjt{
@= tnsf zAbx¿sf] cy{ nv] M
e]if, kf/} v, vft, ns] , a;F] L
#= jfSodf k|ofu] u/ M
g]kfnL, st,} wd{, /fd|f,] bz]
#= tnsf zAbx¿ z4' kf//] ;f/ M
xfDdf,] glbgfnf, zhfo/, of}6,} kgL
$= dflysf] uLtaf6 /fd – 3fd h:t} p:t} ;'lgg] zAbx¿sf] hf]8L vf]h]/ n]v .
%= dflysf] uLtaf6 rGbl| aGb' nfus] f zAbx¿ vfh] /] nv] .
5l/tf] g]kfnL – efu bO' { 43
k7g afw]
!= tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] PsPs jfSodf pQ/ bp] m M
s_ kmf6F x¿ s:tf 5g\ <
v_ xfdf| ] bz] s:tf] 5 <
u_ ;a}sf] Pp6} gfd s] xf] <
3_ xfdL xfd|f] g]kfnnfO{ sxfF lrgfp5F fF} <
ª_ uLtsf/nfO{ xfd|f] b]z s:tf] nfU5 <
@= 7Ls a7] Ls 56' \ofP/ n]v M
s_ kf5f}+{ c¹} /fdf| ] uLt k|eftL ls/0fn] nv] s] f x'g\ .
v_ g]kfndf cg]s hfthfltsf dflg;x¿ a;f]af; u5g{ \ .
u_ uLtsf/nfO{ cfÇgf] b]z ;G' b/ nfUb}g .
3_ g]kfndf Pp6f klg lxdfn 5g} .
ª_ uLtsf/n] g]kfnnfO{ ljZjel/ lrgfp5F f} eg]sf 5g\ .
#= tnsf x/kmx¿n] s] eGg vfh] ]sf x'g\† kfFr jfSodf nv] .
cgs] wd{ cgs] hflt cg]s efiffei] f
Pp6} gfd gk] fnL 5 cgs] df Ps .
$= tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] pQ/ b]pm M
s_ g]kfn s:tf] 5 <
v_ xfdL xfd|f] bz] nfO{ s;/L c¹} /fd|f] kf5f}+{ <
u_ xfd|f] bz] nfO{ lsg km" n}km" nsf] yF'uf elgPsf] xf] <
%= ‘kf5fF{} c¹} /fd|f]’ uLtsf] cfwf/df xfdf| ] bz] sf] aofg u/]/ sDtLdf cf7 jfSo
n]v .
l;hg{ f
!= ltdLn] ;g' ]sf] sg' } Pp6f uLtsf sx] L x/kmx¿ cfÇgf] sfkLdf nv] .
@= s'g} Ps ljifodf Pp6f sljtf n]v M
s_ d]/L cfdf v_ k"mnaf/L
44 5l/tf] gk] fnL – efu bO' {
Jofs/0f
!= tnsf zAbx¿ ldnfP/ jfSo agfpm M =======================================
s_ vfG5' d kfss] f] cfkF .
v_ k9\of} ltdLn] sljtf ‘k':ts’ . =======================================
u_ dlGb/ uP/ cfdf ugx'{ G' 5 kh" f . =======================================
3_ nufO5] alxgLn] 3fFu/ /ftf] . =======================================
ª_ agfP5g\ s]6fs]6Lx¿n] lrq /fd|f ] . =======================================
@= tnsf sf]7fx¿df elgPcg;' f/sf rf/rf/ cf6] f gfdx¿ nv] M
ljzi] f 1fg
g]kfnsf /fli6o« lrÅgx¿
/fli6o« hgfj/ ‘ufO’{ /fli6o« r/f] ‘8fkF m’] /fli6o« /ª ‘l;lds| ’fi6u« fg
/fli6o« km" n ‘nfnLu/' f;F /fli6o« ¹G8f /fi6u« fg
5l/tf] g]kfnL – efu bO' { 45
KFF7 lgaGw
( kj" s{ f] kz'klt
efOalxgLx¿;FuÛ
tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ lbg] k|of; u/ M – ltdL kzk' ltgfy uPsf 5f} <
– ltdL sg' } wflds{ :yfg 3D' g uPsf 5f} < – xfdL lsg 3D' g hfG5fF} <
– 3D' g hfbF f ltdLnfO{ slQsf] /dfOnf] nfU5 <
3D' g' /dfOnfs] f] nflu dfq xfO] g 1fgsf] nflu klg xf ] . gofF 7fpsF f] ed| 0faf6 To; 7fpsF f] af/d] f hfgsf/L kfOG5 .
o;/L 3D' bf km/skm/s dflg;x¿, pgLx¿sf] ;:+ sl[ t tyf rfnrngsf] af/d] f klg yfxf kfOG5 . kf7df gk] fnsf]
kxf8L lhNnf vf6] fªdf /xs] f] xn;] L dxfbj] :yfgsf] af/d] f hfgsf/L lbOPsf] 5 . tnsf] kf7 sIffdf kfnk} fnf] k9
clg xn;] L dxfbj] hfbF f af6fd] f kg{] 7fpxF ¿ tyf dxfbj] :yfgsf] af/d] f hfgsf/L kfpg] 5f } .
!= gfgL xf] ¤ ltdLx¿n] xn;] L dxfbj] sf] gfd ;g' ]sf 5f} <
@= xn;] L dxfbj] sf] dlGb/ vf]6fª lhNnfdf kb5{ . xn;] L dxfbj] nfO{ kj" s{ f] kzk' lt
elgG5 . sf7df8fFd} f kz'kltgfysf] h:t} xn];L dxfbj] sf] klg dxŒj /x]sf] 5 .
xn;] L vf6] fª lhNnfsf] Pp6f ufpF xf] . vf]6fª k"jL{ gk] fnsf] ;u/dfyf c~rndf
kb5{ . oxfF hfg ;8s oftfoftsf] /fdf| ] Joj:yf 5}g . To;f] t xn];L;Dd
xjfO{hxfhaf6 klg hfg ;lsG5 . nfld8fF8f jf ?Dhf6f/ ljdfg:ynaf6
xn;] L hfg ;lsG5 .
#= vf6] fªsf] ;b/ds' fd
lbSt]n k'uk] l5 eg] k}bn
g} ofqf ug{'kg{] x'G5 . d9' ]
xFb' } gg' ynfsf] psfnf]
lxF8\g'k5 { . 8f8F fsf]
psfnf] cl3 a9\b}
uPkl5 lah'n] k'luG5 .
ToxfFaf6 c¹ cufl8
oftfoft M af6f]3f6f], ;jf/L ;fwgsf] ;l' jwf d'9 ] M 7fpsF f] gfd
ljdfg:yn M xjfO{hxfh la;fpg] 7fpF g'gynf M 7fpFsf] gfd
;b/ds' fd M lhNnf, c~rn cflbsf] s]Gb| lah'n ] M 7fpFsf] gfd
46 5l/tf] g]kfnL – efu b'O{
a9k] l5 cf]vn] k'u]kl5 cf]/fnf]
af6f] cfpF5 . cf]/fnf] lxF8/]
sx] L t];f]{ af6f] lxF8]kl5 a;fxf
uk' mf kl' uG5 . a;fxf egs] f]
;fF9] xf ] . eujfg\ lzjsf] jfxg
;fF9]sf] gfd gGbL xf] . lzjsf
dlGb/ cufl8 al;/x]sf] ;f9F s] f]
d"lt{ /flvPsf] xG' 5 . To;nfO{ eg] a;fxf elgG5 .
$= a;fxf u'kmfsf] d'vdf 9ª' u\ fsf] a;fxf bl] vG5 . ToxfF k'u]/ x]bf{ dflg;x¿
To; u'kmfdf leq hfg] aflx/ cfpg] ul//xs] f x'G5g\ . a;fxf u'kmfleq k;]/
clnslt lx8F k] l5 km/flsnf] 7fpF cfpF5 . ToxfaF f6 dflylt/ kmSof{] eg] lbp;F }
tf/fx¿ bl] vG5g \ . uk' mfdf Pp6f ;fgf] zª\v cfsf/sf] Kjfn 5 . To;df
kms' k] l5 k/;Dd ;l' gg] u/L zªv\ sf] cfjfh cfp5F .
%= a;fxf uk' mfaf6 clnslt psfnf] r9/] cufl8 a9k] l5 xn];L dxfb]j:yfg
k'luG5 . xn;] L dxfbj] sf] bzg{ ug{ w]/} dflg;x¿ ToxfF ku' s] f x'G5g\ . xn];L
dxfb]jsf] dlGb/ /xs] f] 7fpF klg u'kmfaf6 l5/]/ g} hfg'k5 { . aflx/af6 xb] f{
Ogf/ h:t} nfUg] dxfbj] u'kmfsf] j/k/ leq l5g{] kfnf] s/' /] a;s] f dflg;x¿sf]
eL8 nfus] f] x'G5 . xn];L dxfbj] sf] k|jz] åf/sf] cf;kf;df uD' afx¿ klg
agfOPsf] 5 . af}4 wd{ dfGg] sx] L dflg;x¿ a'4 / lzjnfO{ Pp6} ¿kdf
x5] {g\ . To;n} ] ToxfF pgLx¿n] u'Daf agfPsf x'g \ . af4} wd{ dfGgx] ¿ cfz'tf]if
eujfg\ dxfbj] nfO{ ‘u?' l/Dkf]r’] dfG5g\ / pgsf] dlGb/df Ps ;o cf7 lbof]
afn]/ kh" f u5g{ \ .
^= dxfb]j uk' mfsf] bfoflF t/ uD' af 5 eg] afofFlt/ hfu] Lx¿ a:g] 7fpF 5 . u'kmfsf]
cfv] n ] M 7fpFsf] gfd Ogf/ M hldgdl' g vfN8f] vg/] kfgL lgsfNg
;fF9 ] M v'nf 5fl8Psf] uf]? agfOPsf] 7fpF
jfxg M eujfg\nfO{ af]Sg] ;fwg
gGbL M lzjhLsf] jfxg kj| ]zåf/ M leq k:g] 7fpF
uk' mf M cf8] f/ u'Daf M a4' wd{ dfGgx] ¿sf] dlGb/
dxfbj] :yfg M dxfb]jsf] dl" t{ /xs] f] 7fpF cfzt' f]if M l566\ } v';L x'g]
lbof ] M aQL afNg] ef8F f]
5l/tf] gk] fnL – efu bO' { 47
9f]sfleq sf7sf] e¥ofª
cfl] n{Ph:t} 7f8f] cf/] fnf]
¹gk{' 5{ . sx] La/] l;9F L cfl] nP{ kl5
;Dd k/s] f] 7fpF cfp5F hxfF
lzjlnªu\ /xs] f] 5 . log} xn;] L
dxfbj] x'g\ . lzjlnª\usf]
j/k/ w/] } d"ltx{ ¿ /x]sf 5g\ .
lzjlnª\usf] kj" {k6\l6 dftf
kfjt{ Lsf] dl" t{ 5 . cln 8/fPsf]
h:tf] b]lvg] cg'xf/sf] of] d"lt{ cToGt ;G' b/ 5 . ToxfF kU' g] x/s] eSthgsf]
dgdf o:tf] cgsG6f/ u'kmfsf] aLrdf o:tf eJo dl" t{x¿ s;n] / s;/L agfof]
xf]nf eGg] lh1f;f pTkGg x'G5 . dlGb/ /x]sf] u'kmfsf] oxL leqL efudf wdå{ f/
/ kfkåf/ eGg] b'O{ Kjfnx¿ /xs] f 5g\ . dflg;x¿ tL Kjfnaf6 l5/]/ cfkm"
wdfT{ df jf kfkL s] /x]5' eg]/ hfRF g] u5g{ \ .
&= k"j{sf] kzk' ltsf] ¿kdf rlr{t xn;] L dxfbj] To; Ifq] sf dfq xf]Ogg\ b]zs}
cf/fWo xg' \ . ToxfF k'Ug psfnf]cf/] fnf] w/] } lxF8\gk' g]{ eP klg ToxfF dflg;sf]
ljzi] f hd36 xg' ] ub5{ . ;Gtfg gePdf, wg geP/ bM' v k/]df, an gePdf,
kfgL gk/]df, afnL /fdf| ] gePdf jf sg' } s/' f cfjZos k/]df dxfb]jnfO{
k'sfg{ dflg;x¿ ToxfF kU' g] ub{5g\ . dflg;df ToxfF dfus] f] s/' f k"/f x'G5 eGg]
ljZjf; /x]sf] kfOG5 .
*= nfdf] af6f] k}bn lxF8g\ k' g]{ eP klg xn;] L dxfb]j:yfg hfg] af6fd] f dflg;x¿
w]/} cfgGbsf] dx;'; u5g{ \ . bw" sf];Lsf] ;G' b/ bZ[ o, jghª\un, kmnk"mn,
r/fx¿sf] cfafh, dg} cfgGb kfg]{ kf| s[lts b[Zo x]b}{ dflg;x¿ ofqf ub5{ g\ .
dxfb]jkl| tsf] cf:yfsf sf/0f klg dflg;x¿ ofqfsf qmddf ysfgeGbf
cfgGbsf] cge' j ub5{ g \ .
l;9F L M e¥ofª wdå{ f/ M wds{ f] bn} f]
lzjlnªu\ M dxfb]jsf] d"lt{ kfkåf/ M kfksf] bn} f]
cgsG6f/ M PsfGt :yn cf/fWo M kh" f ug{ of]Uo
eJo M 7n" f] hd36 M dflg;x¿sf] e]nf
lh1f;f M sg' } s/' f hfGg] OR5f ysfg M yfs]sf] cj:yf
48 5l/tf] g]kfnL – efu bO' {
cEof;
zAb 1fg
!= tnsf zAbx¿ z'4;Fu pRrf/0f u/ M
lbStn] , blIf0ff, cf]lnP{ kl5, kf| sl[ ts, cgsG6f/, b[Zo
@= tnsf zAbx¿sf] cy{ n]v M
u'Daf, kj| ]zåf/, ljdfg:yn, cgsG6f/, cfzt' f]if
#= z'4 kf//] ;f/ M
dfgL;x¿ xn]zL dfxfb]jsf] b/;g u/g Toxf ku' ]sf /x5] g \ .
$= jfSodf k|of]u u/ M
hfu] L, b]z, clnslt, 3'OrF f], ;G' b/, cgsG6f/
%= dflysf] lgaGwaf6 ‘P’ / ‘o’ nfu]sf kfrF kfrF zAbx¿ n]v .
^= tnsf zAb / cys{ f aLrdf hf]8f ldnfpm M
wd{åf/ lzjhLsf] jfxg
gGbL wd{sf] bn} f]
l;9F L O{Zj/sf] elSt ug]{ dflg;
eSt e¥ofª
u'kmf xjfOh{ xfh la;fpg] 7fpF
ljdfg:yn hldgleqsf] cf]8f/
k7g af]w
!= tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] PsPs jfSodf pQ/ b]pm M
s_ kj" {sf] kzk' lt eg]/ s'g dlGb/nfO{ lrlgG5 <
v_ xn];L dxfb]j s'g lhNnfdf k5{ <
u_ vf6] fª s'g c~rndf kb5{ <
3_ vf6] fªsf] ;b/d'sfdsf] gfd s] xf] <
5l/tf] gk] fnL – efu bO' { 49
ª_ a;fx egs] f] s] xf] <
r_ xn;] L dxfb]jsf] jl/kl/ u'Daf s;n] agfPsf] 5 <
5_ xn];Lsf] ofqfsf qmddf dflg;x¿ lsg cfgGb dfG5g\ <
@= ªvs3ukf_____7 a fdduxv6n'kf9'fl]6lg;]m]dfxfs;LªNFb' dbdf}]kf=xlf] e="jzf=Tbq=oL{A=j] Lgx=bs=ef]k=F5=ffdf=]unfd=fg=dusl=/]G=fs] fb=]=v=/f===]===fs/==n===x==/'=L=]s=fp=7===kfsf=]=p7="/=f==ffFn==pe==xf==F]/=G'kl=5/xl=MgF8==e=\gc===G=k'~=g==r5==]===={ n===.===d======f=====k==e==b==G5{ ==g== ==].==b=='O==={ /=K=jx=f]sgnf}x]hk¿ffgO5k'G55g \{ ...
#= 7Ls a]7Ls 5'6\ofpm M
s_ xn;] L dxfb]jsf] dlGb/ sf7df8f}dF f k5{ <
v_ af}4 wd{ dfGg]x¿ dxfbj] nfO{ u'? l/Dkfr] ] dfG5g \ .
u_ xn;] L kU' g a;fxf uk' mfaf6 psfnf] r9/] cl3 a9\g'k5 { .
3_ xn];L dxfb]jsf] dlGb/df uf8Laf6 ;lhn} k'Ug ;lsG5 .
ª_ kz'kltgfysf] h:t} dxŒj xn;] L dxfbj] sf] klg /x]sf] 5 .
$= tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ n]v M
s_ xn;] L dxfb]jsf] dlGb/ hfg sxfaF f6 hfgk' 5{ <
v_ xn;] L dxfbj] sf] dlGb/ k'Ug sg' s'g 7fpF eP/ hfgk' 5{ <
u_ xn;] L dxfb]jsf] dlGb/ s:tf] 7fpdF f /xs] f] 5 <
3_ xn];L dxfb]jsf] dlGb/df bz{g ug{ sf]sf] cfp5F g \ .
%= xn;] L dxfbj] nfO{ lsg kj" {sf] kz'klt elgPsf] xf] < Ps cgR' 5b] df nv] .
l;hg{ f
!= ltdL s'g} 7fpF 3'Dg uPsf 5f} < 5f} eg] cfk"m uPsf] 7fpsF f] af/]df Ps cgR' 5]b
nv] .
@= dgsfdgfsf] dlGb/ hfFbf af6f]df sg' sg' 7fpxF ¿ cfpF5g\ < cleefjsnfO{
;fw] clg cfÇgf] sfkLdf nv] .
50 5l/tf] g]kfnL – efu b'O{
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Chharito Nepali class 2 final
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