Jofs/0f
!= s:tf], sqf,] slt, eGg] k|Zgsf] pQ/df cfpg] zAbx¿ ljz]if0f xg' \ . ljz]if0fn]
gfdsf] ljz]iftf a'¹fp5F .
afs;df lbOPsf zAbx¿ /fd|/L k9 clg ljzi] f0f zAbdf ufn] f] 3]/f nufpm M
cfsfz, gk] fn, /fd|f,] w]/,} ltdL, kfgL, cfv“ f, sfnf], skfn, u'lnof], kfss] f,]
;Ltf, ;kmf, cfdf, ufO{, xf]rf], dfof, 1fgL, lr;f], gfs, lktf, lxdfn, ;]tf,] lr;f]
@= tnsf gfd zAbnfO{ ljzi] f0f agfpm M
h:t} M w======g=========–=========w===g======L============================== ul/aL M =====================
of]u M /f]u M =====================
;xofu] M 1fg M =====================
g'g M
ljz]if 1fg
g]kfnsf kd| 'v wflds{ :ynx¿
kz'kltgfy, af}4gfy, :joDe"gfy, xgd' fg\ 9fs] f b/af/ Ifq] , kf6g b/af/
If]q, eStk/' b/af/ If]q, knf~rf]s eujtL, xn];L dxfbj] , a"9fgLns07,
;"ol{ jgfos, sfo{ljgfos, dgsfdgf, kfyLe/f, sfln~rf]s, hfgsL dlGb/,
j/fx If]q, dl' Stgfy, b]jL3f6, dfn} fsflnsf, dftftLy{, nl' DagL, uf;] fOFs'08,
b]j3f6, ljGbjfl;gL, tfnaf/fxL, kgft} L, dT:ogf/fo0f
tnsf] lrqdf /ª e/ M
5l/tf] gk] fnL – efu b'O{ 51
KFF7 hLjgL
( vKt8 afaf
efOalxgLx¿;FuÛ
tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ lbg] ko| f; u/ M
– ltdLn] sg' } ;fw;' GtnfO{ bv] s] f 5f} < – tk:of ug{' egs] f] s] xf] <
– s:tf dflg;nfO{ k/fk] sf/L elgG5 < – s:tf dflg; d//] klg cd/ xG' 5g\ <
klZrd gk] fnsf] kxf8L lhNnf 8f6] Ldf vKt8 gfd u/s] f] ns] 5 . To; ns] df ef/tsf] sflZd/af6 cfPsf Ps ;fw'
dxfTdfn] nfdf] ;do;Dd tk:of u//] a; ] . vKt8df a;s] n} ] pgnfO{ vKt8 afaf elgof ] . pgL k/fk] sf/L lyP .
csfs{ f] enfO xg' ] s/' fdf nflu/xg] vKt8 afafn] w/] } 1fg lbPsf 5g \ . kf7df vKt8 afafsf] hLjgL lbOPsf] 5 .
tnsf] kf7 Wofg lbP/ k9 clg vKt8 afafn] u/s] f sfox{ ¿sf] af/d] f hfgsf/L xfl;n u/ M
!= dflg; cfÇgf] sd{n] dxfg\ aG5 . dfG5]n] h:tf] sfd
u¥of] To:t} kmn kfp5F . dflg; eP/ hlGdPkl5
p;n] cfÇgf] st{Jo slxNo} lal;{g'xG' g . dflg;n]
Ps lbg dg'k{ 5{ eGg] s'/f ;w}F ;lD¹/xg'k5 { . of]
;D¹gfn] g} p;nfO{ v/fa sfo{ uga{ f6 hfu] fpF5 .
v/fa sfo{ u/]/ olt ;G' b/ hLjgsf] gfz ug{x' 'Fbg} .
dflg; ha;Dd c;n af6f]df lxF8\5† c;n sfo{
u5{ ta;Dd dfq c¿sf] Kof/f] aGg ;S5 . csfs{ f]
lxt x'g] sfo{ ug,'{ c¿nfO{ b'Mv glbg' g} dfG5]sf] klxnf] stJ{ o xf ] . h;n]
cfÇgf] st{Jo Odfgbf/Lsf ;fy k/" f u5{ pm d/]/ klg cd/ x'G5 . d/]/ klg
cd/ xg' ] o:t} dxfg\ JolStx¿df vKt8 afafsf] gfd ;ae} Gbf cufl8 cfp5F .
@= vKt8 :jfdLsf] hGd ef/tsf] sflZd/df ePsf] lyof] . pgL ;fgb} ]lv PsfGt
?rfpg] :jefjsf lyP . pgL ;fbf hLjg ?rfpyF ] . cToGt pRr ljrf/ / ;fbf
hLjgs} sf/0f pgL :jfdL ag ] . vKt8 afafn] Pd=aL=aL=P;= kf; u/]sf lyP .
pgL la/fdL hfFRg] 8fS6/ xg' \ . ef/tsf] sflZd/df bz jif;{ Dd 8fS6/sf]
sfo { M sfd :jfdL M ofu] L, ;GGof;LnfO{ ;Ddfg u//] elgg]
sflZd/ M ef/t b]zsf] Ps /fHo zAb
52 5l/tf] g]kfnL – efu b'O{
¿kdf sfd u/]/ a;s] f vKt8 afaf cToGt 1fgL lyP . pgnfO{ lj1fg, e"ufn] ,
Oltxf;, wd{ nufotsf ljleGg Ifq] sf] 1fg lyof] .
#= kl/jf/, cfkmGt, hflu/ cflbaf6 dS' t eP/ zfGt / PsfGt 7fpdF f tk:of ug]{
ljrf/ pTkGg ePkl5 pgL g]kfn cfP . gk] fn kf| s[lts ¿kdf cToGt ;'Gb/
5 / of] 7fpF tk:ofsf] nflu ;fx}| /fdf| ] 5 eGg] a¹' ]sf vKt8 afaf tk:ofsf
nflu eg]/ g} gk] fn cfPsf x'g \ . o;sf nflu pgn] gk] fnsf ljleGg 7fpxF ¿sf]
ed| 0f u/ ] . klZrd g]kfnsf] 8f]6L lhNnfsf] vKt8 eGg] ns] lognfO{ cToGt
dg k¥of] clg ToxLF a:g] lg0fo{ u/] .
$= vKt8 afaf sl/a ;Q/L jif{ vKt8df g} a; ] . oxLF /x]/ pgn] dl' St k|fKt u/ ] .
pgnfO{ e6] \g, pgsf] bzg{
ug{ 6f9f6f9fb]lv dflg;x¿
vKt8 cfpg] uy]{ . ToxfF cfpg]
dflg;x¿ cfk"mnfO{ nfus] f
s'/f afafnfO{ ;fW] y] . pgL ;an} ]
;f]ws] f kZ| gx¿sf] pQ/ lbP/
lrQ a¹' fpFy] . afafsf] bzg{
u//] cfÇgf] ;d:of ;dfwfg
ePsf] dfg/] dflg;x¿ kms{Gy ] . afaf cfkm" klg ed| 0f ug{ ?rfpg] :jefjsf
lyP . pgL jn] fjn] fdf sf7df8f}F klg k'Uy] . sf7df8fF}df klg pgnfO{ dfof ug{]
w/] } dflg;x¿ lyP . pgLx¿ afafsf] pkb]z ;'Gg, cfk"mnfO{ nfus] f] s'/f ;f]Wg
rfxGy ] .
%= vKt8 afafn] g]kfnL efiffdf w/] } dxŒjk"0f{ k:' tsx¿ n]vs] f 5g \ . pgn]
nv] s] f lstfax¿df dflg;sf] hLjgdf cfOkg]{ ljleGg ;d:ofx¿ / ltgsf]
;dfwfgsf] af6f] b]vfOPsf] 5 . dfG5]nfO{ 1fg lj1fg / ;Lk l;sfpg] pgsf
lstfax¿ w/] } nf]slko| /xs] f 5g\ . logsf ‘ljrf/ lj1fg’, ‘:jf:Yo lj1fg’
‘wd{ lj1fg’, ‘d / d]/f] stJ{ o’ cflb k:' tsx¿ ks| flzt 5g\ .
^= vKt8 afaf cToGt bofn' Xbo ePsf k/fk] sf/L dflg; lyP . pgL ;Dk"0f{
n]s M kxf8sf] dflyNnf] efu k':ts M lstfa
5l/tf] gk] fnL – efu b'O{ 53
k|f0fLx¿nfO{ dfof uy ]{ . dflg;x¿ h:t} cGo
k|f0fLx¿sf] klg afFRg] clwsf/ 5† To;}n]
ltgLx¿nfO{ dfof ug{k' 5{ eGg] ljrf/ ePsf vKt8
afaf dfof / ;]jfnfO{ g} dflg;sf] ;ae} Gbf 7n" f]
u0' f dfGy] . /fdf| ] sfd u//] g} dflg; dxfg\ aGg
;S5 eGg] pgsf] ljrf/ /x]sf] lyof ] .
&= tk:ofaf6 zlSt k|fKt u/s] f vKt8 afaf gk] fnsf dxfg\ ;Gt dflgG5g \ .
hGdn] ef/tLo eP klg hLjgsf] ;Q/L jif{ gk] fndf latfPsf vKt8 afafsf]
gfd klg g]kfnsf] vKt8df /x/] tk:of u/s] f, ToxLF 1fg kfPsf / ToxL hLjg
latfPsf sf/0f vKt8 /x]sf] xf] . pgL hªu\ nsf] aLrdf a;] klg pgnfO{ af3,
efn' h:tf hªu\ nL hgfj/x¿sf] 8/ nfUb}gYof] . To:tf hgfj/x¿n] pgnfO{
s'g} xflg ubg}{ y] . v'6\6fdf sfF8f] la¹]/ 3fOt] ePsf] af3sf] v6' \6faf6 sf8F f
l¹s/] pkrf/ ug]{ vKt8 afaf g]kfn / gk] fnLs} uf}/j ags] f 5g\ .
*= nfdf] ;do afrF /] dfgj ;]jfdf nfu]sf vKt8 afafn] lj=;+= @)%# df o;
;;+ f/af6 labf lnP . cfÇgf] dT[ os' f] ;dosf] af/d] f pgn] klxn] g} ;a}sf ;fd'
/fvs] f lyP . cfh pgL xfd|f] ;fd' 5g} g\ . pgsf] z/L/ ;+;f/af6 labf eP klg
pgn] l;sfPsf] 1fg ou' f};F Dd dfgj sNof0fsf nflu dxŒjk0" f{ /xg] 5 .
k/f]ksf/L M csf{sf] pksf/ ug]{ uf/} j M OHht
dxfg\ ;Gt M 7"nf of]uL
cEof;
zAb 1fg
!= tnsf zAbx¿ z'4;uF pRrf/0f u/ M
sfo{, tk:of, :jefj, lj1fg, dT[ o', cToGt
@= tnsf] jfSo z'4 kf/]/ ;f/ M
g]kfn kf/lqmtLs ¿kdf ctG] t zG' b/ 5 .
54 5l/tf] gk] fnL – efu b'O{
#= tnsf zAbx¿sf] cy{ nv] M
ns] , uf/} j, dfgj;]jf, k/f]ksf/L, k:' ts
$= jfSodf k|ofu] u/ M
bofn', tk:jL, k/fk] sf/L, klZrd, nf]slko| , clwsf/
%= dflysf] hLjgLaf6 If, q, 1 j0f{ ko| fu] ePsf kfFr cf6] f zAbx¿ l6k .
%= tnsf zAb / cys{ f aLrdf hf8] f nufpm M
ns] sfd
sflZd/ 7n" f hfu] L
sfo { kxf8sf] dflyNnf] efu
dxfg\ ;Gt ef/tsf] pQ/ kj" s{ f] Ps /fHo
k7g afw]
!= tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] PsPs jfSodf pQ/ bp] m M
s_ dflg;nfO{ s] s'/fn] v/fa sfd uga{ f6 hf]ufpF5 <
v_ dfG5]sf] klxnf] stJ{ o s] xf] <
u_ vKt8 afafsf] hGd sxfF ePsf] lyof] <
3_ vKt8 afafn] tk:ofsf] nflu s'g 7fpF /fh] ] <
ª_ vKt8 afaf s:tf] :jefjsf lyP <
@= 7Ls a]7Ls 5'6\ofpm M
s_ vKt8 :jfdLsf] hGd ef/tsf] sflZd/df ePsf] lyof] .
v_ pgL ;fg}bl] v PsfGt ?rfpbF }gy] .
u_ vKt8 afafn] bz jif{ 8fS6/sf] ¿kdf sfd u/] .
3_ vKt8 afaf cToGt bofn' lyP .
ª_ vKt8 afafn] @)^% ;fndf o; ;+;f/af6 labf lnP .
5l/tf] gk] fnL – efu bO' { 55
#= tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] pQ/ b]pm M
s_ vKt8 afaf lsg g]kfn cfP <
v_ vKt8 afafn] tk:ofsf nflu lsg vKt8 ns] nfO{ /f]h] <
u_ vKt8 afafnfO{ lsg k/fk] sf/L elgPsf] xf] <
$= vKt8 afafsf] hLjgL k9/] ltdLn] s:tf] lzIff kfof} <
l;hg{ f
!= cfk"mn] k9s] f] jf ;g' s] f] cfwf/df sg' } Ps sljsf] af/d] f Pp6f cg'R5]b n]v .
@= s:tf dfG5n] fO{ ;an} ] ?rfp5F g,\ cfk"mn] hfgs] f] s/' f n]v .
Jofs/0f
!= ldNg] lpp;wultqf'dgm'GdmOto;L'{;{Lxnfxrwn¿¿L5f}F] }/lOdfjldg{scgfBU/]fof'gfÇb=lnt]d=gv] a=onft=/]]9"=ss==fJ===n]fo==f=] d===vff===Oo===f{c===fn====d=f===Lk=========7m= ===}F =f.====p=====-=====rF=====e=====b=====/====={} = ===5=. =M===.=,- ==h-.=r=8==-f==b7G/==5}{=U=f5 O=5;.=,{,]=;-,\ =8ur=,\h /5b7.ff}{G,{pU-55uou5“ g5_f5],',_\ fg{7{,}a,\Uuf]Nok55f9}_fg_{}+5\ _\ g\_
s_
v_
u_
3_
ª_
r_
@= tnsf lqmofx¿nfO{ jfSodf ko| fu] u/ M
x]5f+{,} a:5g,\ uP, ;l' g;,\ af]Ng] 5
ljzi] f 1fg
tn gk] fnsf ljleGg dxfg\ JolStx¿sf] tl:a/ lbOPsf] 5 . lrGg] k|of; u/ M
c/lgsf,] zªv\ w/ zfVj, nvg yfkf, dxfu?' kmfNug' Gb, tn' ;Ldx] / >i] 7, hokY[ jLaxfb/' l;x+ , ofu] dfof
56 5l/tf] gk] fnL – efu bO' {
KFF7 ;+jfb
!) e'O“rfnf]
efOalxgLx¿;FuÛ
tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ lbg] ko| f; u/ M – eO' rF fnf] egs] f] s] xf] <
– ltdLn] eO' rF fnf] uPsf] yfxf kfPsf 5f} < – eO' rF fnfn] ] s:tf] ljgfz u5{ <
– eO' rF fnf] hfbF f s] xG' 5 <
eO' rF fnf] egs] f] hldg xNng' xf ] . hldg lsg xNnG5 eGg] s/' f tnsf] kf7df lbOPsf] 5 . kf7df u?' cfdf;uF sx] L
ljBfyLx{ ¿n] u/s] f] 5nkmn lbOPsf] 5 . o;df eO' rF fnf] s;/L hfG5 < eO' rF fnf] hfbF f s] ugk{' 5{ eGg] s/' fsf] hfgsf/L
lbOPsf] 5 . ltdLx¿ klg sIffdf tnsf] ;j+ fb kfnk} fnf] k9 clg eO' rF fnfs] f] af/d] f hfgsf/L xfl;n u/ M
!= sIffdf ljBfyLx{ ¿ cfcfÇgf]
7fpdF f a;]sf 5g \ . g]kfnL
ljifo k9fpg] u'?cfdf sIffdf
k|j]z u/k] l5 ;a} hgf p75\ g\ .
u?' cfdf pgLx¿nfO{ a:g
cfbz] lbgx' 'G5 . ljBfyLx{ ¿
a;]kl5 u?' cfdf sfnf]kf6Ldf
7n" f cIf/df eO' Frfnf] n]Vgx' 'G5 . ;a} hgf Tot} x]5g{ \ .
@= u'?cfdf M -;an} fO{ Psrfl] 6 x/] k] l5_ cfh d ltdLx¿nfO{ eO' rF fnfs] f] af/d] f
sx] L s/' f eG5 ' . ;a} hgf Wofg lbP/ ;g' clg sx] L a¹' g] f} eg]
kfnk} fnf] ;fw] x } .
#= ljBfyLx{ ¿ M x'G5 u'?cfdf .
$= u?' cfdf M e'OrF fnf] eg]sf] s] xf], ltdLx¿nfO{ yfxf 5 <
%= sl[ tsf M -xft p7fP/_ u'?cfdf dnfO{ yfxf 5 . eO' Frfnf] egs] f] e"sDk
xf ] .
^= u'?cfdf M :ofaf; ¤ ltdLn] 7Ls eGof } . e'OrF fnf] egs] f] es" Dk xf ] . e"sDk
eg]sf] s] xf] of] s:tf] x'G5, s;}nfO{ yfxf 5 <
es" Dk M k[YjL xNng] sfd
5l/tf] gk] fnL – efu b'O{ 57
&= gljgf M u?' cfdf ¤ cl:tg eO' rF fnf] uPsf] lyof ] . xfdf| ] 3/ t s:tf] xNns] f]
lyof ] . dnfO{ s:tf] 8/ nfUof] .
*= sl[ tsf M xf,] xfdf| ] 3/ klg xNns] f] lyof ] . dnfO{ t afafn] afs] /] vn' f
rf/} df nh} fge' Psf] lyof ] . rf/} klg xNns] f] lyof ] .
(= u?' cfdf M ltdLx¿n] e'OrF fnfn] fO{ b]Vof} t <
!)= gljgf M dn} ] t bl] vgF .
xNns] f] dfq
yfxf eof ] .
!!= s[ltsf M xf] u?' cfdf ¤
d}n] klg bl] vg F .
s:tf] x'G5
e'OFrfnf ] .
!@= u?' cfdf M e'OFrfnf] cfvF fn]
b]Vg] j:t' xfO] g .
eO' Frfnf] eg]sf]
kY[ jLsf] s'g} efu xlNng] cj:yf xf ] . xfdL cfk"m a;s] f] 7fpF cfkmF}
xNn]sf] yfxf kfp5F f}F . To;}nfO{ e'OFrfnf] elgG5 .
!#= gljgf M e'OFrfnf] lsg hfG5, u'?cfdf <
!$= u'?cfdf M xfdL a:g] kY[ jL nfvf}F jif{ cl3 ;"o{af6 k'm6]/ ags] f] xf ] . of] w]/}
7"nf] 5 . To;}n] o;sf] aflx/sf] efu lr;f] eP klg leqsf] efu
c¹} cfuf] h:tf] tftf] 5 . tftf] ePsfn] ToxfsF f r66\ fgx¿ klUnP/
nb] f] ags] f xG' 5g \ . tftf] nb] fa] f6 afkm cfp5F . afkm w]/} ePkl5
To;n] aflx/ cfpg] af6f] vf]H5 clg k[YjLsf] sdhf/] 7fpF
kmf]//] Tof] nb] f] aflx/ cfpF5 . o;/L tftf] n]bf] aflx/ cfpg'nfO{
Hjfnfdv' L km' 6]sf] elgG5 . xf], oxL Hjfnfd'vL km'6\bf k[YjL
xlNnG5 / eO' rF fnf] hfG5 .
!%= s[ltsf M Hjfnfdv' L km' 6b\ f To;sf] j/k/sf] 7fpF dfq xlNnG5 xfn] f, xg}
u?' cfdf .
r66\ fg M s8f jf ;fx|f] 9'ª\uf] Hjfnfd'vL M k[YjLsf] leqL efu k'm6/] lgl:sg]
n]bf ] M afSnf] ¹f]n h:tf] t/n kbfy{ tftf] n]bf]
;o" { M 3fd
58 5l/tf] g]kfnL – efu bO' {
!^= u?' cfdf M ltdLx¿dWo] s;n} ] kfv] /Lsf] aLrdf slxNo} 9'ª\uf xfgs] f
5f} < 5f} eg] ltdLx¿n] 9'ªu\ f xfg]sf] 7fpF dfq geP/ ;a} kfgL
xlNnPsf] b]vs] f] xg' k' 5 { . xf], To;}u/L Hjfnfdv' L k'm6b\ f klg Ps
7fpdF f dfq xfO] g . w]/}lt/ xlNnG5 .
!&= gljgf M Hjfnfd'vL km' 6\bf dfq eO' rF fnf] hfG5, ls e'OFrfnf] hfg] c¿ klg
s]xL sf/0f 5g\ <
!*= u'?cfdf M ltdLn] ;fx}| /fdf| ] s/' f ;fW] of} gljgf, of] eO' rF fnf] Hjfnfd'vL km' 6b\ f
dfq hfg] xfO] g . kY[ jLsf] leqL efudf /x]sf 7n" f7n" f r66\ fgx¿
cfk;df 7f]lSsbF f klg kY[ jLsf s]xL efux¿ xlNnG5g\ / e'OrF fnf]
hfG5 .
!(= s[ltsf M cf]xf] ¤ Hjfnfd'vL t b]lvg] s'/f eof] . of] t yfxf gkfO{ xg' ] s'/f
/x5] x } .
@)= u'?cfdf M olt dfq sxfF xf] / ¤ k[YjLsf] leqL efu w]/} tftf] ePsfn] ToxfF
/xs] f r66\ fgx¿ slxn] v'lDrG5g\ / slxn] kml} nG5g\ . o;f] xF'bf
klg eO' rF fnf] hfG5 .
@!= gljgf M u?' cfdf, eO' rF fnf] slxn] hfG5 eg/] yfxf xG' 5 ls xF'bg} <
@@= u'?cfdf M cxF, e'OFrfnf] hfg] ;dosf] af/]df klxnf s]xL yfxf xb'F }g .
e'OFrfnf] uPkl5 dfq yfxf x'G5 . eO' rF fnf] hxfF / hlxn] klg
hfg ;S5 .
@#= sl[ tsf M eO' Frfnf] hfbF f t w]/} 3/x¿ elTsPsf / dfG5] d/s] f s'/f
;dfrf/df b]vfOG5 lg . of] To:t} 8/nfUbf] x'G5, u'?cfdf <
@$= u?' cfdf M xf], e'OFrfnf] w]/} 8/nfUbf] x'G5 . o;sf sf/0f 3/x¿ eTsg],
¿v, kvf{n 9Ng] h:tf 36gfx¿ xG' 5g\ h;sf sf/0f w/] }
dflg;sf] dT[ o' klg xg' ;S5 .
-gljgf, s[ltsf / u'?cfdfsf]
s/' f ;'g/] a;s] f c¿ ;fyLx¿
cToGt Wofg lbP/ a;s] f
5g\ . pgLx¿ e'OFrfnfs] f]
af/]df ePsf] 5nkmnaf6 w/] }
s/' fx¿ l;ls/x]sf 5g \ ._
5l/tf] gk] fnL – efu bO' { 59
@%= gljgf M eO' rF fnf] cfpg] s/' f t klxnf yfxf gxg' ] /x5] . cfO;sk] l5 s]
ugk{' 5{ t u?' cfdf <
@^= u?' cfdf M eO' rF fnf] cfPsf] ;dodf ;s;] Dd 3/leq a:gx' Fb' g} , rf/} lt/,
vt] af/Llt/ jf vn' f 7fplF t/ lgl:sgk' 5 { . 3/leq al;/xFbf
3/n] lyRg ;S5 . 3/df /flvPsf ;fdfgx¿ v;]/ nfUg ;S5 .
@&= s[ltsf M 3/sf] j/k/ v'nf 7fpF geP s] ug]{ lg, u'?cfdf <
@*= u'?cfdf M e'OrF fnf] uPsf] j]nf efUg ;lsPg eg] 3/sf] ;3F f/, vf6 jf
6a] 'ndl' g nS' gk' 5 { . o;f] ugf{n] 3/ elTsP jf 3/df /flvPsf
;fdfg v;] klg 6fpsf]df nfUg kfpbF }g / Hofg hf]luG5 .
@(= gljgf M e'OFrfnf] sxfF uof,] sg' sg' 7fpF xlNnof] eGg] s;/L yfxf x'G5 <
#)= u?' cfdf M es" Dk gfKg] oGq x'G5 . To;nfO{ ‘l;:dfu] f| km’ elgG5 . o;n]
es" Dk slt 7n" f] lyof], s'g 7fpFaf6 cfPsf] lyof ] . s;/L xlNnof]
eGg] hfgsf/L lbG5 .
#!= sl[ tsf M d}n] t e'OFrfnfs] f] af/d] f w/] } s'/f yfxf kfPF . e'OFrfnf] uPsf]
j]nfdf s] ug'k{ g{] /x5] eGg] klg a¹' F] .
#@= gljgf M d}n] klg a¹' F] .
##= u?' cfdf M gljgf / sl[ tsfn] h:t} ltdLx¿ ;a} hgfn] eO' rF fnfs] f] af/d] f
aˆ' of} t <
#$= ;a} hgf M aˆ' ofF} u'?cfdf .
#%= -sIff ;lsPsf] 306L aH5 . u?' cfdf sIffaf6 aflxl/gx' G' 5 ._
;3F f/ M 9f]sfdf leq l5g]{ 7fpF l;:dfu] |fkm M eO' rF fnf] gfKg] oGq
cEof;
zAb 1fg
!= tnsf zAbx¿ z4' ;Fu pRrf/0f u/ M
kY[ jL, xfd|f,] r6\6fg, cj:yf, oGq
@= tnsf zAbx¿sf] cy{ n]v M
n]bf,] ;o" ,{ Hjfnfdv' L, e"sDk, ;3F f/
60 5l/tf] g]kfnL – efu b'O{
#= tnsf zAbx¿ z4' kf/]/ ;f/ M
eO" rfnf], cfk'm, 9'+uf, cfvf, zdP, ld/t\ '
$= jfSodf k|of]u u/
r6\6fg, 8/nfUbf], 36gf, sdhf]/, lg, x}
%= 7Ls pQ/df uf]nf] 3]/f -O_ nufpm M
s_ z4' zAb → af/L jf/L afl/
v_ lr;f]sf] pN6f ] → /flknf ] tftf ] lr/f]
u_ es" Dksf] cy { → Hjfnfd'vL sDk e'OrF fnf]
3_ p:t} ;l' gg] zAb → tftf]– 6f6f ] /ftf–] df6f] laxfg–an] 'sf
ª_ afN] bf ‘a’ / nV] bf
‘j’ nl] vg] zAb → jlsn jsfnt hLjg
k7g afw]
!= tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] PsPs jfSodf pQ/ bp] m M
s_ u?' cfdf sIffdf s'g kf7 k9fpg'x'Fb} 5 <
v_ eO' Frfnf] hfFbf s] xG' 5 <
u_ e'OFrfnf] uPsf] b]lvG5 <
3_ e'OrF fnf] hfg] s'/f klxnf yfxf xG' 5 ls xb'F }g <
ª_ eO' Frfnf] gfKg] oGqnfO{ s] elgG5 <
@= 7Ls pQ/df /h] f -√_ nufpm M
s_ e'OrF fnf] s] sf/0f hfG5 <
c_ Hjfnfdv' L lj:kmf]6 cf_ cfunfuLsf sf/0f O_ af9L klx/fs] f sf/0f
v_ eO' rF fnf] cfPsf] ;dodf s] ug{k' 5{ <
c_ sf]7fdf a:g'k5{ cf_ 6]an' d'lg n'Sg'k5 { O_ sfg yG' g'k5{
5l/tf] gk] fnL – efu b'O{ 61
u_ eO' Frfnf] hfbF f s] x'G5 <
c_ afbn nfU5 cf_ hldg a:] ;/L xlNnG5 O_ udL{ x'G5
3_ eO' rF fnf] uPsf] yfxf ePkl5 s] ug{' /fd|f] x'G5 <
c_ vn' f 7fpFdf hfg ' cf_ eL8 ePsf] 7fpFdf hfg' O_ ;t' /] l6eL x]g'{
ª_ kY[ jLleqsf] tftf] nb] f] aflx/ lgl:sP/ aUg'nfO{ s] elgG5 <
c_ af9L cfpg ' cf_ e'OrF fnf] cfpg' O_ Hjfnfdv' L lj:kmf]6 xg' '
#= 7Ls a7] Ls 5'6o\ fpm M
s_ eO' rF fnf] uPsf] cfvF fn] b]lvG5 .
v_ e'OFrfnf] hfbF f hldg xlNnP/ 3/x¿ elTsG5g\ .
u_ kY[ jLleqsf r6\6fgx¿ tftf] n]bfs] f] ¿kdf /xs] f x'G5g\ .
3_ eO' rF fnf] cfpg] ;dosf af/d] f dflg;nfO{ klxnf g} yfxf xG' 5 .
ª_ eO' Frfnf] uPkl5 6a] n' dl' g n'Sbf 6fpsf] hf]ufpg ;lsG5 .
$= tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ bp] m M
s_ e'OFrfnf] egs] f] s] xf] <
v_ e'OrF fnf] hfg] sf/0fx¿ s]s] x'g\ <
u_ e'OFrfnf] uPsf] ;dodf ;/' lIft /xg s] ug{k' 5{ <
%= eO' Frfnfs] f] af/d] f ltdLn] s]s] hfgs] f 5f} < sDtLdf 5 jfSodf nv] .
l;h{gf
!= jiff{ ofddf w/] } kfgL k5 { . vf]nfdf w/] } af9L cfP/ w/] } wg;DklQsf] gfz u5 { .
oxL ljifodf bO' { hgf ;fyLx¿n] u/]sf] s'/fsfgLnfO{ ;j+ fbsf] ¿kdf k:| tt'
u/ .
@= cfÇgL cfdfnfO{ e"sDksf] af/d] f s]xL s'/fx¿ ;f]w clg cfdf / cfÇgf]
s/' fsfgLnfO{ ;+jfbsf] ¿kdf n]v .
62 5l/tf] g]kfnL – efu bO' {
Jofs/0f
!= ldNg] zAb 5fg]/ vfnL 7fp“ e/ M
s_ ltdL le/============= ghfpm . -b]lv, lt/_
v_ e;“} L============== kf8f] ;fgf] 5 . -af6, eGbf_
u_ ljzfnsf] ================= a:g] gf]a{' xf] . -kl5, k5fl8_
3_ s[kf ˆofn============= kmss{] L 5] . -df, tkm_{
ª_ 9fs] fb]lv sf]7f============= kmf]xf]/ 5 . -;Dd, nfO_{
r_ ;lrgsf] efO pm =============== df6] f] 5 . -h:t}, h:tf_]
@= tnsf zAbx¿nfO{ jfSodf k|ofu] u/ M
eGbf, kfl/, dl' g, dfly, b]lv
ljzi] f 1fg
oftfoftsf ;fwgx¿
dfn;fdfg cf;] fg{] ;fwgx¿ dflg; r9\g] ;fwgx¿
uwf, vRr8, e8] f, rf/F} L, l/S;f, 3f8] f, l/S;f, aUuL, PSsf, ;fOsn,
Rofªu\ f| , aonuf8f, 7n] f, 6s« , df6] /;fOsn, 6o\ fDk', 6o\ fS;L,
6o\ fS6/, l6km/, dfnjfxs ljdfg, sf/, sa] nsf/, lhk, Eofg, a;,
/fk] j,] kfgLhxfh /n] , kfgLhxfh, xjfO{hxfh
5l/tf] g]kfnL – efu bO' { 63
KFF7 sljtf
sfnL r/L
!! – aFb" /fgf
efOalxgLx¿;FuÛ
tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] pQ/ lbg] ko| f; u/ M
– ltdLn] s:tfs:tf r/fx¿ bv] s] f 5f} < – sfO] nL s:tf] xG' 5, bv] s] f 5f} <
– sfu / sfO] nLdf s] leGgtf 5 < – r/fx¿sf] vn] bV] bf s:tf] nfU5 <
sfO] nL sfnf] /ªsf] ;fgf] r/f xf ] . o;sf] :j/ ;fx}| dL7f] xG' 5 . sfO] nLn] ufPsf] uLtn]
jftfj/0f g} /dfOnf] agfp5F . kf7df lbOPsf] ‘sfnL r/L’ sljtf abF" /fgfn] nv] s] f xg' \ .
of] sljtfdf sfO] nLsf] vn] , p;sf] uLt tyf p;sf] ¿ksf] rrf{ ul/Psf] 5 . tnsf] sljtf
sIffdf no xfn/] jfrg u/ clg sfO] nL s:tf] r/f xf] eGg] s/' f a¹' M
sn} ] jNnf] 8fnL
s}n] kNnf] 8fnL
8fnL– 8fnL rfnL
afN] g] r/L sfnL .$.
sf]Onfaf6 sfO] nL
gfd h/' ] h:tf]
5fP] klg ;5¹{ }F
sfnf] /ª s:tf] ¤*.
8fFkm] dh/' h:tf]
5}g p;sf] lx;L
¿k/ª\u gxb'F f
ug{'x'Gg lv;L .!@.
8fnL M ¿vsf] ;fgf] xfuF f] sfO] nL M s'x'sx' ' u/]/ s/fpg] sfnf] r/f]
sfO] nf M aln;s]sf] sf7sf] cFuf/ h'/] M h'/f] ePsf]
64 5l/tf] g]kfnL – efu bO' {
;ªu\ Ltsf] nx/
p;sf] s07el/
;+;f/sL lkof/L
ToxL sfnL r/L .
efvf l¹sL ;l' /nf]
sf] xf,] sf] xf], eG5]
j;GtnfO{ xf] ls
;w}F ;f]lw/’G5] .!^.
x/] hfgL ghfgL 8fFkm ] M ns] lt/ kfOg] /ª\uLrªu\ L KjfvF
ldnfPsf] efvf ePsf] r/f]
sf] xf] < eG5] sf]OnL
sf}jf eG5 – æsf sf ¤Æ .@). dh'/ M nfdf] / w/] } KjfvF sf] k'R5/ x'g] r/f]
lv;L M c¿nfO{ lh:Sofpg] sfd
nx/ M n:s/, kª\lSt
s07 M 3fF6L
lkof/L M Kof/L
efvf M efsf
j;Gt M r}t / jz} fvdf kg]{ Ct'
sf}jf M sfu
cEof;
zAb 1fg
!= tnsf zAbx¿ z4' ;uF pRrf/0f u/ M
;+;f/, 8fnL, lkof/L, ;ª\uLt, 8fkF m]
@= tnsf zAbsf] cy{ n]v M
s07, j;Gt, sf}jf, sfO] nf, h'/], lv;L
5l/tf] g]kfnL – efu bO' { 65
#= tnsf zAbx¿nfO{ jfSodf k|ofu] u/ M
r/L, sfnf,] efvf, ;w,}F sfnL
$= z'4 kf//] nv] M
tx] L, sf]Ol{ n, z/' Lnf,] dh/" , azGt
%= dflysf] sljtfaf6 lv;L–lx;L h:t} p:t} ;l' gg] zAbx¿ vfh] /] nv] .
^= 7Ls pQ/df /]hf -√_ nufpm M
s_ tnsf dWo] z4' zAb s'g xf] <
c_ w8sg cf_ w8s\ g O_ w8\s0f
v_ ‘sfnL’ sf] pN6f] cy{ lbg] zAb s'g xf] <
c_ /ftL cf_ lx:;L O_ uf/] L
u_ cfsfz / wtL{ s:tf zAb xg' \ <
c_ p:t} cy{ lbg] cf_ pN6f] cy{ lbg ] O_ w/] } cy{ lbg]
3_ n]Vbf klg af]Nbf klg ‘j’ g} nl] vg] zAb sg' xf] <
c_ cf6] f cf_ ljrf/ O_ lj1fg
ª_ tnsf dWo] p:t} cy{ lbg] zAb sg' s'g x'g\ <
c_ kf7zfnf–3/ cf_ kf7zfnf– awzfnf O_ kf7zfnf–ljBfno
k7g afw]
!= tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] PsPs jfSodf pQ/ b]pm M
s_ jNnf] 8fnL kNnf] 8fnL ug{] sf] xf] <
v_ sfO] nLsf] gfd sa] f6 h/' s] f] xf] <
u_ sfO] nLsf] lx:;L ss] f] h:tf] 5}g <
3_ sfnL r/Lsf] s07df s] 5 <
ª_ sf] xf] eg]/ r/Ln] s;nfO{ ;f]W5] <
@= tnsf x/kmx¿n] s] eGg vf]h]sf xg' \, a¹' /] nv] M
8fFkm] dh'/ h:tf]
5}g p;sf] lx;L
¿k/ª\u gxbF' f
ug'x{ G' g lv;L .
66 5l/tf] g]kfnL – efu bO' {
#= tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ b]pm M
s_ sfnL r/L s:tL 5] <
v_ r/L lsg ;+;f/s} Kof/L ePsL xf] <
$= sfnL r/Lsf] af/d] f sljtf k9]kl5 ltdLn] a'¹]sf] s/' f sDtLdf kfrF jfSodf
n]v .
l;hg{ f
!= ltdL klg sg' } r/fsf] aofg u//] Pp6f sljtf nv] .
@= c¿ x/kmx¿ yk/] tnsf] sljtf k/" f u/ M
;fgL ;fgf] eFu/] f] ;fgL;fgL euF /] L
km/' k{ m'/{ u//] 8'N5g\ kfvfkv]/L .
Jofs/0f
!= jfSodf ko| f]u ePsf lqmof;“u s;/L < lsg < slt < sxf“ < slxn] < eGg]
kZ| g ubf{ pQ/sf] ¿kdf cfpg] zAb lqmofljzi] f0f xf ] .
/f]xg yrSs a:of ] . /f]xg s;/L a:of] < – yrSs
;'dg k9\g cfof] . ;'dg lsg cfof] < – k9g\
;~ho yf/] } vfG5 . ;~ho slt vfG5 < – yf]/}
xfdL ef]ln 3D' g hfg] 5fF} . xfdL slxn] 3D' g hfg] 5fF} < – efl] n
d Totf hfGg F . d sxfF hfGgF < – Totf
@= tnsf jfSox¿af6 lqmofljzi] f0f zAb lrg M
s_ d]/L alxgL v'?v?' k9\5 ] . v_ ltdL lxhf] ljBfno uPgf} .
u_ bLks w/] } rN5 . 3_ cfdf k"hf ug{ hfge' of] .
ª_ c:nd lbgx'F u[xsfo{ u5{ . ª_ k|lt/fw] a]:;/L /fo] f] .
5l/tf] g]kfnL – efu bO' { 67
#= tnsf zAbx¿nfO{ jfSodf ko| fu] u/ M
la:tf/}, ;'?;?' , k9/] , clnslt, ;wF}
ljz]if 1fg
ufpFvfg] syf
!= Ps v'66\ ] bfO b}nf]df gc6fO{ s] xf] < – 5ftf
@= sf6b\ f sfl6g], kf]Nbf kf]lng,] ksfpFbf gkfSg] s] xf] < – /fF}
#= sfg tfGbf d'v vf]N5 s] xf] < – yn} L
$= sfgdf ;dfP/ gfsdf a:g] s] xf] < – r:df
%= vfG5 d'9f,] aG5 w'nf] s] xf] < – v/fgL
^= rfbF Lsf] 7]sLdf :ofpnfsf] lasf]{ s] xf] < – dn' f
&= rf/ efO Ps} 7fpFdf xfdkmfN5g\ s] xf] < – bw" bx' s] f]
*= 5 pm ;;+ f/ pHofnf], 5g} pm lbp;F } cFWof/f] s] xf] < – ;o" {
(= tfpnf] kfS5 eft kfSbg} s] xf] < – cDaf
!)= 6fpsf] lgsfn/] lhp vfg] s] xf] < – Njfª
lrqdf /ª e/ M
68 5l/tf] gk] fnL – efu bO' {
KFF7 syf
!@ lax]sf] ef]h
efOalxgLx¿;FuÛ
tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] pQ/ lbg] k|of; u/ M
– ltdLn] slxNo} lh2L u/s] f 5f} < – lh2L ug{] afgL ltdLnfO{ s:tf] nfU5 <
– ltdL slxNo} efh] df uPsf 5f} < – efh] df uPkl5 c¿ ;an} ] vfP/ cfkm" xl] //xgk' ¥of] eg] s:tf]
nfU5 <
xfdf| ] ;dfhdf w/] } hft tyf wd{ dfGg] dflg;x¿ a:5g \ . dflg;x¿ km/skm/s hftsf eP klg ;a} dflg; g} xg' \ .
dflg;dflg;df sfx] L ;fgf] / sfx] L 7n" f] xbF' g} . dfG5] t p;n] ug{] sfdsf] cfwf/df ;fgf] / 7n" f] xG' 5 . To;n} ] xfdf|
dxfslj nIdLk;| fb bj] sf6] fn] ‘dflg; 7n" f] lbnn] xG' 5 hftn] xbF' g} ’ egs] f 5g \ . ‘laxs] f] efh] ’ syfdf ufpsF f a8f
;fxs' f] 3/df efh] vfg uPsf lbbLefOnfO{ ;fgf] hftsf] eg/] jf:tf gul/Psfn] w/] } bM' v nfus] f] 5 . pgLx¿ w/] }
/dfP/ efh] df uPsf lyP t/ ToxfF pgLx¿dfly ePsf] v/fa Jojxf/sf sf/0f pgLx¿ efh] gvfO{ kmss{] f 5g \ .
lsg lbbLefO efh] df uP / lsg To;} kms5{] g\ eGg] aˆ' g tnsf] syf Wofg lbP/ k9 M
!= lbbLn] dnfO{ c;fWo} dfof ug{'xG' Yof ] . d klg pxfnF fO{ va' dfof uy+ ]{ . ljBfno
hfbF fcfpbF f lbbLn] dnfO{ xftdf ;dft]/ 8f¥] ofpg'x'GYof] . lbbL;Fu} hlxNo} klg
lxF8g\ ] d]/f] cfbt alg;s]sf] lyof ] . 3/df klg lbbLn] Psl5g b]Vg'ePg eg]
dnfO{ vf]Hg yflnxfNgx' 'GYof ] . d klg pxfFnfO{ gb]Vbf 56k6fpg yfNy]F . hxfF
hfFbf klg dnfO{ lbbLsf] kl5kl5
hfg dg nfUYof] .
@= 3f;F bfp/f, dn] fkft / xf6
hfbF f eg] lbbLn] dnfO{ ;D¹fpbF }
eGgx' G' Yof,] æ3/d} a; x} afa' ¤
d ¹66\ } cfp5F ' .Æ d c6/] L xG' y F] .
lbbLn] egs] f] dfGb} dflGbgy F] .
pxfsF f] kl5kl5 nfluxfNyF ] . d
;fg} ePsfn] lbbL;Fu hxfF hfg
cfbt M afgL xf6 M c:yfoL ahf/
dn] fkft M vt] af/Ldf ul/g] sfd
5l/tf] g]kfnL – efu bO' { 69
klg ;Dej lyPg t/ dnfO{ lbbL;uF } hfg dg nfUYof] .
#= hxfF hfFbf klg lbbLsf] kl5 nfu]s]f b]v/] cfdfn] dnfO{ RofKk ;dft/] 3/d}
/fVgx' 'GYof] . d l9kL u//] /fO] /xGy F] . cfdf dnfO{ k'mNofpbF } eGg'xG' Yof], æd/] f]
afa' ¤ s:tf] 1fgL 5 . egs] f] s/' f ;a} dfG5 . 3/d} a;/] k9\5 .Æ d cfdfsf]
s/' f c6/] ug{ vf]HyF] . 3/d} a;] klg d va' 5s' 5's ul//xGyF ] . cfdfnfO{ b'Mv
lbO/xGyF] . hxfFaf6 kms{]/ cfP klg lbbLn] dnfO{ slxn] vfg]s/' f slxn] v]nfg} f
NofOlbg'x'GYof] . lbbLnfO{ e]6k] l5 dfq d]/f] dg zfGt x'GYof ] . o;/L g} ;do
laTb} lyof ] .
$= Ps lbg kfl/ ufpsF f a8f ;fx' xfdf| ] 3/df cfOk'u ] . pgn] cfdfnfO{ ;k' f/Lsf]
s'8s\ f] lbbF } eg] – kl;{ d]/L 5f]/Lsf] lax] 5 . cfpg ge'Ng" x } .Æ cfdfn] ;k' f/Lsf]
s8' \sf] ;dfP/ ‘xj;\’ eGg'eof ] . æcGt klg hfg' 5 . clxn] hfG5' x}Æ eg/] pgL
cfÇgf] af6f] nfu] .
%= lax]sf] lbg cfOk'Uof ] . ;o+ f]un] lax] xfdf| ] ljBfno labfsf] lbg k/5] . lax]df
hfg kfOg] eof] eG7fg/] d v';Ln] ubub xFb' } lyPF t/ cfdfn] lax]df lbbLnfO{
dfq k7fpg] s/' f atfpge' of ] . lbbLn] gofF n'uf nufP/ laxd] f hfg] tof/L ug{
yfn]sf] bv] /] dn} ] pxfFl;t eg]F – ælbbL, d klg laxd] f hfG5 ' . lbbLefO;Fu} laxd] f
hfcf}F g .Æ d lhb\bL ug{ yfn F] . d}n] lh2L u/s] f] b]v]/ lbbLn] dnfO{ ;D¹fpbF }
eGg'eof], ælax] 3/ cln 6f9f k5{ . psfnf]cf]/fnfs] f] 8f/] 6] f] lxF8\gk' 5{ . ltdLnfO{
lx8F /] hfg ufxf| ] k5 { . af]s]/ nh} fpmF eg] d/] f] lkm:6fh] :tf] Hofgn] ;Stg} .Æ
^= lbbLsf] s/' f ;G' gf;fy d/] f]
cfvF faf6 cf;F ' al;g{ yfNof] .
d 8fsF f] 5f8] ]/ ?bF } ¹u8f ug{
yfnF] – ægfO,F d klg laxd] f
hfG5 ' . guO{ 5f8b\ } 5f8\lbgF .Æ
dn} ] lhb\bL ul//xs] f] b]v/] lbbL
dfg} x'ge' of ] . cfdfn] eg]
klxnfklxnf h;/L kml] / dnfO{
l9kL M lhbb\ L, s/ ug{] sfd 8fsF f] 5f8] \g ' M 7"nf] cfjfhdf s/fpg,' ?g'
5s' 5's M rsrs df}g xg' ' M rk' nfUg'
lkm:6f] M xn'sf
70 5l/tf] g]kfnL – efu b'O{
;dft]/ kmN' ofpg vfH] g'eof] . d}n] cfdfsf] xft ¹8s\ flnlbPF . lbbL eg] l;uF fl/P/
lax]df hfg 3/af6 lgl:sg yfNge' of ] . uf8] f ;dft/] d}n] pxfFnfO{ cN¹fO/xF ] .
hfg} glbg] ljrf/ u/ F] .
&= dn} ] l9kL ul//x]kl5 lbbLn] PsfPs cfdfsf] cg'xf/df 6L7nfUbf] cfvF fn] x/] /]
eGg'eof] – æcfdf h;] s' } xf];\ . laxd] f efOnfO{ klg nh} fg'k¥of] .Æ ca eg]
cfdfn] dnfO{ 5]saf/ nfpge' Pg . d v';Ln] ubub eP F . lbbL / d la:tf/}
la:tf/} lax] 3/lt/ nfUof}F .
*= psfnLcf/] fnLsf] 8f/] ]6f] ePsf] xbF' f xfdL lax] 3/ c¿eGbf cln l9nf kU' of} F .
ToxfF k'Ubf ax] 'nfa]x'nLsf] :joj+ / ;ls;s]sf] /x5] . ax] 'nfax] n' Lsf] uf8] f w'g]
jn] f eP5 . To;n} ] ToxfF w/] } dfG5]sf] eL8ef8 b]lvGYof ] . lbbLn] tL dflg;x¿sf]
nfddf a;/] a]xn' fa]xn' LnfO{ 6Lsf nufOlbg'eof] . uf]8w'jfsf] ¿kdf blIf0ff
lbg'eof] . ToltGhn] ;Dd d Psfk6l\ 6 5]pdf pleO/x]F .
(= Psl5gkl5 lbbL d ePsf] 7fpdF f cfpge' of ] . pxfnF ] dnfO{ xftdf ;dft/]
8f¥] ofpge' of] . lax]3/k5fl8 efh] v'jfpg yflnPsf] /x]5 . xfdL efh] v'jfObF }
u/]sf] :yfgdf kU' ofF } . ToxfF jl/kl/ sf7sf] kmns] /flvPsf] /x5] . kmn]sdfly
a;/] dflg;x¿ ef]h vfFb} lyP . xfdLn] efh] df a:g] 7fpF vfnL bv] ]gfF } . s]xL
If0f k|tLIff ul//Åof F} .
!)= s]xL ;dokl5 ef]h vfbF } u/]sf]
s'gfk6l\ 6sf] dfG5] p7/] xft
r7' \g uof ] . lbbLn] dnfO{ ToxLF
nfg'eof] . d kmn]sdf al;/x F] .
s;}n] vfgs] '/f NofOlbPgg \ .
xfdLeGbf sx] L ;do k5fl8
cfPsfn] eg] a? ef]h vfg
kfO;ss] f lyP . d ef]sn]
8f/] ]6f ] M ;fgf] af6f] nfd M nfdf] tftF L, kªl\ St
6L7nfUbf ] M bofnfUbf] kmn]s M lr//] r]K6f] agfOPsf] sf7
5s] af/ M 5]Sg] jf /f]Sg] sfd k|tLIff M klvg{ ] sfd
:jo+j/ M ljjfxdf a]x'nfax] n' Ln] Pscsfn{ fO{ nvt/fg M yfss] f] cj:yf
dfnf nufOlbg] sfd
5l/tf] gk] fnL – efu bO' { 71
nvt/fg eO;ss] f] lyP F . ef]s vKg ;lsgF . c¿n] vfPsf] xb] f{xb] }{ d ?g
yfn] F . d /f]Psf] vKg g;s]/ lbbLn] ef]h v'jfpbF } u/s] L Ps hgf cfOdfO{nfO{
8fSg'eof] – ælbbL, d]/f] efO ;fx}| ef]sfPsf] 5 . o;nfO{ clnslt vfg]s'/f
lbgx' f;] \ g ¤ a? dnfO{ glbP klg x'G5 .Æ
!!= æltdLx¿ tNnf] hftsf dflg;x¿n] xfdL dfVnf] hftsf dfG5;] uF a;]/ ef]h
vfg ;x' fpFb}g . ToxL klg dfVnf] hftsf dflg;x¿nfO{ gvj' fO{ ltdLx¿nfO{
vj' fpbF }gf }F . Tof] cfOdfO{ RofFl7P/ s/fpg yfnL . lbbLn] kml] / Tof] cfOdfO;{ uF
ljgdt| fk"js{ cg/' f]w ug'e{ of] t/ lbbLsf s'/f Tof] cfOdfO{n] ;G' b} ;'lgg . pm
km]l/ c¿nfO{ g} v'jfpg yfnL . p;sf] s/' fn] d/] f] klg d'6d' f la¹fof ] . lbbL
;/Ss d]/f] 5p] df cfpg'eof] . dnfO{ h?' Ss p7fpg'eof] / cln rss{] f] :j/df
eGg'eof], æn lx8F afa' ¤ gvfpmF logLx¿sf ef]h;f]h .Æ
!@= o;k6s eg] hlt efs] nfu] klg dn} ] lhbb\ L ul/gF . d ?Fb}?bF } lbbLsf] kl5 nfuF] .
ef]hdf cfPsf Toltsf dfG5]dWo] s;}n] klg xfdf| ] af/]df ;fr] ]gg\ . xfdL
;/f;/ cfÇgf] 3/lt/ kmlso{ f }F . 7fp7F fpdF f a:b} xfdL ;f¹F k/]kl5 aNnaNn
3/ kU' ofF} . 3/ ku' k] l5 lbbLn] ;a} s/' f cfdfnfO{ ;g' fpg'eof ] . cfdfn] v'a b'Mv
dfGg'eof ] . pxfnF ] uxel/ cf;F ' kfb{} dlt/ kms]/{ eGge' of] – æd}n] hfg] jn] fdf
g} tF ghf afa' eg]sf] xf]Og < lhb\bL ul/; \ . eGof dflgg;\ . ca t t]/f] lhb\bL
ug{] afgL 56' \5 xfn] f lg, xg} <Æ
!#= æcab]lv d slxNo} klg lhb\bL ulbg{ F . cfk"meGbf 7"nfn] egs] f] klg dfG5 ' .
v'?v?' 3/d} a;]/ k95\ ' . hyfefaL lxF8\lbg F .Æ d}n] ?bF } cfdfnfO{ hafkm lbPF .
d /fP] sf] b]v/] lbbL klg ?g yfNge' of ] . cfdfn] xfdL bj' s} f] cfvF fsf] cf;F '
k'l5lbg'eof] . pxfnF ] laxfgsf] afFsL /xs] f] eft e'l6lbg'eof] . lbbL / d}n] cd[t
dfg/] vfofF } .
!$= cr]n dnfO{ grflxg] s/' fdf lhb\bL ug{ dg nfUb}g . s;s} f] 3/df efh] sf]
lgDtf] cfof] eg] klg dnfO{ ToxL 36gfsf] ;D¹gf xG' 5 .
ljgdt| fk"j{s M gd| eP/ cdt[ M d/s] f k|f0fLnfO{ arfpg] cfi} fwL
uxel/ M cfvF fel/
72 5l/tf] gk] fnL – efu bO' {
cEof;
zAb 1fg
!= tnsf zAbx¿ z'4;Fu pRrf/0f u/ M
;+of]u, ljBfno, 1fgL, :j/, RofKk
@= tnsf zAbx¿sf] cy{ nv] M
xf6, cfbt, 8f/] ]6f], dfg} x'g', 6L7nfUbf,] kmn]s
#= jfSodf k|ofu] u/ M
6f9f, dfg} x'g', d]nfkft, 5s' 5s' , v'?v?'
$= tnsf] jfSo z4' kf/L n]v M
pmsfln cf]/flnsf] 8f/] ]6f] af6f] eosf] xF'bf lax] 3/ c¿eGbf cnL l9nf] k'Uof}F .
%= dflysf] syfaf6 ‘o’ / ‘P’ nfus] f kfFrkfrF zAb l6k/] nv] .
^= tnsf zAb / cys{ f aLrdf hf8] f ldnfpm M
l9kL rsf]{ afn] Ldf s/fpg'
kt| LIff lhb\bL
8fsF f] 5f]8\g' klv{g] sfd
5's5s' cfvF fsf] l8nel/
uxel/ rsrs
&= dflysf] syfaf6 rGb|laGb' nfus] f sg' } kfrF zAbx¿ vfh] /] n]v .
k7g af]w
!= tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] PsPs jfSodf pQ/ bp] m M
s_ dflysf] syf s;n] ;g' fPsf] xf] <
v_ efO lbbL;Fu sxfFsxfF hfGYof] <
5l/tf] g]kfnL – efu b'O{ 73
u_ a8f ;fx' lsg 3/df cfPsf lyP <
3_ efOn] s] s/' fdf lhbb\ L u¥of] <
ª_ efO /f]Pkl5 lbbLn] s] ul/g\ <
r_ pgLx¿ sltv]/ 3/ ku' ] <
@= tnsf egfOx¿ ss;sf x'g,\ dflysf] syf k9/] kQf nufpm M
=========================
s_ 3/d} a; x} afa' ¤ d ¹6\6} cfp5F ' .
v_ kl;{ d]/L 5f/] Lsf] lax] 5 . cfpg geN' g" x} . =========================
u_ ca t t/] f] lhb\bL ug]{ afgL x65\ xf]nf lg, x}g < ========================
3_ n lxF8 afa' ¤ gvfpmF logLx¿sf] ef]h;fh] . =========================
=========================
ª_ cab]lv d slxNo} klg lhb\bL ulbg{ F .
#= 7Ls a]7Ls 56' \ofpm M
s_ lbbLn] efOnfO{ va' x]nf uyL{ .
v_ a8f ;fx'sL 5f]/Lsf] laxd] f lbbLefO b'j} uP .
u_ lax]df lbbLefOn] ylkykL efh] vfP .
3_ ef]hdf lbbLefOnfO{ s;}n] jf:tf u/g] .
ª_ kmn]sdfly a;/] dflg;x¿ ef]h vfFb} lyP .
$= tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ bp] m M
s_ lbbL / efOsf] ;DaGw s:tf] lyof] <
v_ lbbL / efO lax3] /df s;/L ku' ] <
u_ lbbLefO lsg efh] gvfO{ kmls{P <
3_ lsg efOn] lhb\bL gug{] ljrf/ JoSt u¥of] <
%= ‘lax]sf] efh] ’ syf k9]/ ltdLn] s] lzIff kfof} <
74 5l/tf] g]kfnL – efu bO' {
l;h{gf
!= ltdLn] slxNo} cfk"meGbf 7"nf dflg;x¿;uF s'g} s'/fsf] nflu lhb\bL u/s] f
5f} < 5f} eg] s:tf] s'/fdf lhbb\ L u/]sf 5f} < Ps cg'R5]bdf n]v .
@= tnsf] ljifosf] cfwf/df Pp6f syf nv] M
bn;;luaj'Og:fGf' g]eyg{gh'{ fL'L=']bng===x===ff==;=O'G;===5={=f=fd===Nyg===of===\LG===xf3o==P¿P/;kpskdl=Fu;5l=/f}=sljv=bN/=gffo=fd]/=hlf=sr]zo/=f=dffQsv]]/]ze=dLf=bggn=]zx'V=']]=g=h;=;/==' ='/w=f.l=jy=c=F}=;=gLcf=ndfP=fyf=b]ffsp=OL=ng{l}=g/c=]7] h;=laffr=Çpff=fgp=QggdF=]sg=fLf]=b'fn3/]k'v=sd=f/9U=fdz]=P5'/\g=fsf=' w=eP=nf==g]=sG=}hy=L=gc=kff'g=gxls==/ff'==l==j=tfk==d{=fn==f/=f=Pf==ssOc=/==={fI=f=]/u=b=f=fd=lfl=djg/=]z3gfa=k=n/fx|b=;]b=df¿f=nuFgO=f}]{
klg g/dfOnf] nfUg ' .
Jofs/0f
!= sf]i7saf6 ldNg] ;o+ fh] s zAb 5fg/] vfnL 7fp“df e/ M
s_ /fd ======== Zofd ldNg] ;fyL xg' \ .
v_ z/0f cfof] ============ /d0f cfof] < -/, klg_
-ls, eg]_
u_ lqm; eft vf“bg} =========== rfprfp vfG5 . -lsgls, t/_
3_ /jLGb| w]/} k9\5 ============= ky| d xb'“ g} .
-tfklg, klg_
ª_ lgnd k'm6an ======== v]N5], lqms]6 =========== v]N5] .
-klg,klg÷t/, t/_
@= sf]i7saf6 ldNg] lj:doflbaf]ws zAb 5fg/] vfnL 7fpd“ f e/ M
s_ ===================== ¤ s:tf] ;G' b/ lrq ¤
-5o\ f, cf]xf]_
v_ ===================== ¤ s:tf] ;kmf cIf/ n]lv5f } . -:ofaf;, wt\_
u_ ===================== ¤ d]/f] v6' 6\ fdf gsN' r g . -P]øof, cfTyf_
5l/tf] g]kfnL – efu bO' { 75
3_ =====================¤ s:tf] lr;f] kfgL ¤ -cfR5', cfDdf_
ª_ =====================¤ ltdL klg sf7df8f}“df a:5f} < -cf]xf,] s7_}
ljz]if 1fg
afnaflnsfx¿sf nflu kqklqsfx¿
d'gf, ;g' s;] |f, afns, sfl] knf, afnsf];n] L, afn;fyL, afnau}Frf, tf/fafhL, afn;;+ f/, gjkl| tef, s]6fs]6L,
gfgL, d]nf, lrlrnf
ltdLn] afnkqklqsf k9s] f 5f} ls 5g} f} < 5g} f} eg] k9 / cfkm"n] k9]sf] afnklqsfdf
s]s] 5flkPsf /x5] g\ < ltgsf af/d] f Ps cg'R5b] n]v .
76 5l/tf] gk] fnL – efu bO' {
KFF7 cfTdsyf
!# efge' St cfrfo{
efOalxgLx¿;FuÛ
tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ lbg] ko| f; u/ M – /fdfo0fdf s;sf] syf 5 <
– ltdLn] /fdfo0fsf] syf ;g' s] f jf 6L=eL=df x/] s] f 5f} < – efge' St cfrfo{ sf] xg' ,\ lrgs] f 5f} <
– /fdfo0f s;n] nv] s] f xg' ,\ yfxf 5 <
cfÇgf] syf cfkmnF} ] elgG5 eg] To;nfO{ cfTdsyf elgG5 . cfTdsyf h;sf] af/d] f nl] vG5 p;n} ] cfÇgf] s/' f
egs] f] h;/L nl] vG5 . of] kf7df efge' St cfrfos{ f] cfTdsyf nl] vPsf] 5 . of] cfTdsyf efge' St cfrfo{ cfkmnF} ]
nv] s] f xfO] gg\ t/ pgn] g} nv] s] f] h;/L pgsf s/' fx¿ nl] vPsf] 5 . ltdLx¿ klg o;/L g} sg' } JolStsf] af/d] f
jf sg' } j:ts' f] af/d] f cfTdsyf nV] g ;S5f } . h;sf] af/d] f cfTdsyf nV] g] xf] p;sf] af/d] f cfkm" nfO{ yfxf ePsf
s/' f p;n} ] afn] s] f] h;/L nv] /] ltdLx¿ klg cfTdsyf tof/ kfg{ ;S5f } . tnsf] cfTdsyf Wofg lbP/ k9 clg
cEof;df lbOPsf] cfTdsyf nV] g hfGg] 5f } .
!= gfgL xf] ¤ ltdLx¿n] dnfO{ lrg]sf 5f} < d sf]
x'F† eGg ;S5f} < ltdLx¿n] dnfO{ lrgs] f 5}gf}
eg] klg sx] L 5}g† d cfkm}F lrgfpF5' . n, Wofg
lbP/ ;g' x} t .
@= d/] f] gfp“ efge' St cfrfo{ xf ] . d/] f] hGd cfheGbf
w/] } jifc{ ufl8 lj=;=+ !*&! ;fn c;f/ @( ut]
ePsf] xf ] . d/] f] hGd gk] fnsf] klZrdL Ifq] df
kg{] u08sL c~rnsf] tgx“' lhNnfdf ePsf] xf ] .
d hGds] f] ufpsF f] gfd rb“' L, /D3f xf ] .
#= d]/f lktf wg~ho cfrfo{ xg' \ eg] dftf
wdfj{ tL cfrfo { . d/] f xh/' aa' f >Lsi[ 0f cfrfo{
7"nf kl08t x'gx' G' Yof ] . d kl08t kl/jf/df
hGds] fn] d/] f] lzIffsf] cf/De klg ;:+ s[tdf g}
ePsf] lyof ] . xh/' aa' fn] dnfO{ ;:+ s[tsf w]/} uG| yx¿ k9fpg'ePsf] lyof] . pxfF
dnfO{ w/] } dfof ugx'{ 'GYof ] . d pxfF;uF w/] } ;do latfpyF F] . To;f] eP/ klg xfn] f
uG| y M lstfa
5l/tf] gk] fnL – efu b'O{ 77
dn} ] pxfaF f6 w/] } s'/f l;Sg] df}sf
kfPF . cfh d hg' ¿kdf lrlgPsf]
5' To;df d/] f xh'/a'afsf] 7n" f]
ofu] bfg /x]sf] 5 .
$= d ;+:st[ efiff k9\y F] . xfdL
;+:s[t efiffdf g} s'/fsfgL uYof}{ + .
k9n] ]vs] f dflg;x¿ ;:+ s[t hfGby†]
a'ˆby ] . w/] } dflg;n] of] efiff a'ˆb}gy] . w]/}h;f] dflg;x¿ gk] fnL efiff afN] y ] .
km/skm/s bO' { efiff afN] g] dflg;sf] aLrsf] s/' fsfgLsf] dfWod klg g]kfnL
efiff g} xg' ] u/]sf] lyof] . gk] fnL efiff cnucnu efiff af]Ngx] ¿sf] aLrsf]
s'/fsfgLsf] dfWod efiff eP klg o; efiffdf nv] gsf] ljsf; eg] ePsf]
lyPg . s;s} ;}n] clncln nV] g] u/]sf eP klg of] efiffdf ;+:st[ df k':tsx¿
n]lvPsf lyPgg\ .
%= d Ps lbg ufpFsf] e|d0f ub}{ lyPF . crfgs d]/f] cfFvf Pp6f 3fF;Ldf
k¥of] . pm rsf]{ 3fddf lgwf/af6 kl;gf aufpFb} 3fF; sf6b\ } lyof] . Tof]
b]v]kl5 d}n] 3fF;LnfO{ ‘lsg o:tf] rsf]{ 3fddf o;/L 3fF; sf6s] f] <’ eg]/
;f]w]F . dn} ] o;/L ;f]wk] l5 p;n] 3f“; ar] ]/ cfPsf] k;} fn] a6j' fsf] ;xhtfsf]
nflu sj' f vgfpg] ofh] gf /x]sf] s/' f ;'gfof] . 3f;F L ul/a lyof] t/ klg pm
csf{sf] ;lhnf]sf] nflu bM' v ul//x]sf] lyof] . p;sf] s'/f ;'g]/ dnfO{ crDd
nfUof ] . dn} ] p;nfO{ ‘o;f] u//] ltdLnfO{ s] kmfObf xG' 5 / <’ eg]/ ;f]w F] . 3fF;Ln]
‘dfG5s] f] hLjg, sltv/] dl/G5 yfxf 5g} . dn} ] sDtLdf Pp6f s'jf vgfPF eg]
t lxF8b\ flx8F \b} yfs]sf a6'jfx¿n] s'jfsf] kfgL lkpbF } dnfO{ ;lD¹g] 5g\ lg’
eg]/ pQ/ lbof] . 3f“;Lsf] of] s/' fn] dnfO{ 7n" f] k/]| 0ff ldNof] . dn} ] 3f;“ Ln] h:t}
s]xL nfs] sNof0f x'g] sfo{ ug]{ ljrf/ u/“] .
^= Toltv/] g]kfnL efiffnfO{ v; hfltsf] efiffsf] ¿kdf lnOGYof ] . afN] g / aˆ' g
;lhnf] ePsfn] d}n] gk] fnL efiffdf sljtf nV] g] ljrf/ u/] F . xfd|f] ;dfh
dfWod M sfd k/" f ug{] ljlw sj' f M kfgL pafpg ldNg] ;fgf] s0' 8
a6j' f M af6f] lx8F \g] dfG5] 3fF;L M 3f;F sf6\g] dflg;
;xhtf M ;/ntf nf]ssNof0f M ;+;f/sf] lxt
78 5l/tf] g]kfnL – efu bO' {
wflds{ :jefjsf] 5 . xfdL OZ{ j/sf] ehg
;G' 5f†}F ;g' fp5F f }F . xfdLnfO{ O{Zj/sf] syf
eGg / ;G' g /dfOnf] nfU5 . t/ Toltjn] fsf]
;do clxn]sf] h:tf] lyPg . pltj]nf wd{
jf OZ{ j/sf] af/d] f nl] vPsf s'/fx¿
;+:st[ efiffdf dfq xG' y] . Tof] hfs] f]xLn]
aˆ' g] vfnsf] xF'bg} Yof] . To;n} ] dn} ] ;:+ st[
efiffdf /xs] f] jfNdLlssf] /fdfo0fnfO{
gk] fnL efiffdf cgj' fb u/] “ . /fdfo0fdf /fd / ;Ltfsf] syf 5 . syf sljtfdf
n]lvPsf] 5 . o;/L sljtfdf n]lvPsf] 7n" f] syfnfO{ dxfsfJo elgG5 . dn} ]
/fdfo0f dxfsfJo n]vk] l5 To;nfO{ w/] } g]kfnLx¿n] k9 ] . k9g\ ghfGgx] ¿n]
c¿nfO{ k9\g nufP/ ;'g ] . g]kfnL efiff afN] g] tyf gafN] g] ;a} vfnsf
dflg;x¿n] d/] f] of] lstfanfO{ w/] } dfof u/s] f 5g\ .
&= d}n] dfG5n] fO{ lgod, cgz' f;gdf a:g ;3fpg] kZ| gf]Q/, eStdfnf, aw"lzIff
h:tf k:' tsx¿ klg nv] s] f] 5 ' . o;sf cltl/St dn} ] sx] L 5f6] f5f6] f sljtfx¿ klg
nv] s] f] 5 ' . d}n] nv] s] f] afnfh' j0f{g / sflGtk/' L gu/L sljtf w/] } g]kfnLx¿n]
?rfPsf 5g \ .
*= g]kfnL efiffsf] /fdf| ] ljsf; gePsf] jn] f dn} ] nv] s] f sljtfx¿ gk] fnLsf nflu
;lhnf / /l;nf ag ] . dn} ] dft] L/fd e66\ sf] ;fy gkfPsf] eP of] s/' f TolQs}
;Dej xg' ] lyPg . dn} ] sljtf nv] ] klg To;nfO{ 5fk/] k:' ts agfpg kfPsf] lyOg F .
d/] f] ;dodf lstfa 5fKg] 5fkfvfgfx¿ lyPgg \ . dft] L/fd e66\ n] g} d/] f lstfax¿
5fk] To;kl5 dfq ;an} ] d/] f sljtfx¿ k9g\ ] dfs} f kfPsf xg' \ . df]tL/fd e6\6
deGbf w]/} kl5sf slj x'g\ . pgn] g} d/] f] vf]hL u/] clg dnfO{ ;a}sf ;fd'
lrgfP . d pgLkl| t w]/} cfef/L 5 ' . gfgL xf] ¤ d]/f] dT[ o' lj=;=+ !(@% df ePsf]
xf] . d d//] uPsf] nfdf] ;do eP klg cfh;Dd d g]kfnL ;flxTodf hLljt
/x]sf] 5 ' . c¹ w/] } jif{kl5;Dd d afFlr/xg] 5' . To;n} dn} ] hLjgdf l;s]sf]
Pp6f dxŒjk0" f{ s/' f ltdLx¿nfO{ klg ;'gfpF5,' ædfG5]nfO{ p;sf] sfdn] d/]/
uPkl5 klg cd/ /fV5 .Æ o;nfO{ slxNo} gla;{ x } .
jfNdLls M ;:+ s[t efiffsf klxnf slj cfef/L M pksf/ dfGg] sfd
5fkfvfgf M 5kfOsf] sfd ug]{ sf/vfgf hLljt M lhpbF f]
;fd ' M cufl8 cd/ M slxNo} gdg]{
5l/tf] gk] fnL – efu bO' { 79
cEof;
zAb 1fg
!= tnsf zAbx¿ z'4;uF pRrf/0f u/ M
wg~ho, ;flxTo, dxŒjk"0f,{ eStdfnf, cltl/St
@= tnsf zAbx¿sf] cy{ n]v M
u|Gy, dftf, cfef/L, hLljt, cd/, nfs] sNof0f
#= jfSodf ko| f]u u/ M
cgz' f;g, 5fkfvfgf, 3fF;L, cd/, sj' f
$= z'4 kf/L n]v M
dfl] 6/fd e66\ n] g} d/] f sLtfax¿ 5fk] t];kl5 dfq zan} ] dnfO{ lrg ] .
%= 7Ls pQ/df /h] f -√_ nufpm M
s_ ‘hLjg’ zAbsf] pN6f] cy{ s'g xf] <
c_ slj cf_ lhGbuL O_ d/0f
v_ tnsf dWo] z'4 ¿k sg' xf] <
c_ lgbf/ cf_ lgwf/ O_ lg9f/
u_ ‘lgwg{ ’sf] p:t} cy{ lbg] zAb sg' xf] <
c_ ul/a cf_ wgL O_ ls;fg
v 3_ pRrf/0f ubf{ ‘a’ eP klg nV] bf ‘j’ n]lvg] zAb s'g xf] <
c_ cf]6f cf_ ljrf/ O_ s'jf
ª_ tnsf dWo] p:t} ;l' gg] zAb s'gs'g xg' \ <
c_ hflt–hftL cf_ gflt–df6f ] O_ n]s–a;F] L
^= dflysf] cfTdsyfaf6 rGbl| aGb'sf] k|ofu] ePsf s'g} kfFr zAb l6k .
80 5l/tf] g]kfnL – efu b'O{
&= tnsf zAb / cy{sf aLrdf hf]8f ldnfpm M
;xhtf tl/sf
dfWod ;/ntf
a6j' f 3fF; ar] ]/ afRF g] dfG5]
lktf cufl8
3fF;L af6f] lxF8g\ ] dflg;
;fd ' aa' f
k7g af]w
!= tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] PsPs jfSodf pQ/ b]pm M
s_ efg'eStsf] hGd slxn] / sxfF ePsf] xf] <
v_ s;sf] s/' f ;'g]/ efg'eStnfO{ crDd nfUof] <
u_ efg'eStsf] ;dodf gk] fnL efiffnfO{ s;sf] efiff dflgGYof] <
3_ ;:+ s[t efiffsf] /fdfo0f s;n] n]vs] f x'g\ <
ª_ efg'eStnfO{ s;n] s;/L lrgfPsf x'g\ <
@= hf]8f ldnfpm M
efg'eStsf] hGd lj=;+= !(@%
efge' Stsf lktf >Lsi[ 0f cfrfo{
efge' Stsf xh/' a'af lj=;=+ !*&!
efge' Stsf] lstfa sflGtk'/L gu/L
efge' Stsf] dT[ o ' /fdfo0f
efge' Stsf] 5f6] f] sljtf wg~ho cfrfo{
5l/tf] g]kfnL – efu bO' { 81
#= 7Ls a7] Ls 56' \ofpm M
s_ efge' Stn] 3f;F Laf6 k/]| 0ff kfP/ sljtf nv] ] .
v_ ;+:st[ efiffsf] /fdfo0f sflnbf;n] nv] ]sf x'g \ .
u_ efge' Stn] cfÇgf xh/' aa' faf6 w]/} s'/f l;s] .
3_ efge' Stn] d}lynL efiffdf dxŒjk0" f{ ofu] bfg lbPsf 5g\ .
ª_ efge' Stsf lstfax¿ df]tL/fd e66\ n] 5fks] f xg' \ .
$= tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] pQ/ bp] m M
s_ efge' Stn] sfa] f6 / s;/L lzIff xfl;n u/] <
v_ 3fF;Ln] lsg s'jf vgfpg] ljrf/ u/]sf] xf] <
u_ efg'eStn] n]v]sf lstfax¿sf] gfd n]v .
%= efg'eSt cfrfos{ f] cfTdsyf k9]kl5 ltdLn] ss] ] s'/fx¿ a'ˆof}, sDtLdf kfFr
jfSodf nv] .
l;h{gf
!= ltdL cfÇgf] af/]df aofg u//] sDtLdf bz jfSosf] Pp6f cfTdsyf nv] .
@= cfk"mnfO{ ‘ufO{’sf] ¿kdf ;D¹]/ Pp6f cfTdsyf nv] . ;?' o;/L u/ M
d ufO{ x 'F . d 3/ kfnj' f rf/v'66\ ] hgfj/ x F' . =======
Jofs/0f
!= pbfx/0fdf lbOPh:t} u/L Pp6} jfSo agfpm M
pbfx/0f M cg'kdf aQL lgefp5F ] . cg'kdf ;'T5] .
→ cg'kdf aQL lgefP/ ;'T5] .
s_ cfs[lt 3/ hfG5] . cfsl[ t xft w'G5 ] .
v_ l;4fy{ vfhf vfG5 . l;4fy{ k9\g a:5 .
u_ hLjgn] ;f“rf] vfH] of] . hLjgn] tfNrf vf]Nof] .
82 5l/tf] g]kfnL – efu b'O{
3_ dfOhn" ] k"mn l6Kge' of ] . dfOh"n] km" n rN' 7f]df nfpge' of ] .
ª_ ck0{ f w]/} vfG5 . ck{0f df]6fPsf] 5 .
@= tnsf zAbx¿nfO{ jfSodf k|of]u u/ M
a;/] , vfg, bv] ]/, k9g\ , xfF:b}
ljz]if 1fg
s;nfO{ s] elgG5 <
sljtf nV] g ] – slj xnf] hfT] g ] – xnL
ufOj{ :t' xg] {] – uf7] fnf ] ef/L afS] g ] – el/of
sl[ ifsf] sfd ug{] – ls;fg bfp/f sf6/] aR] g] – bfp/]
sk8f l;pg ] – ;r" Lsf/ gofF s/' f kQf nufpg] – j1} flgs
uf8L rnfpg ] – rfns ljBfnodf k9fpg] – lzIfs÷lzlIfsf
tnsf] lrqdf /ª e/ M
5l/tf] gk] fnL – efu bO' { 83
KFF7 sljtf
efUodfgL!$ – gf/fo0f lg/f;L
efOalxgLx¿;FuÛ – s:tf] dflg;nfO{ efUodfgL elgG5 <
– gk] fnL ePsfd] f ltdLnfO{ s:tf] nfU5 <
tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ lbg] k|of; u/ M
– ltdLnfO{ efUo egs] f] s] xf] yfxf 5 <
– ltdLn] lxdfn xf;F s] f] bv] s] f 5f} <
efUodfgL egs] f] /fdf| ] efUo ePsf] xf ] . h;n] /fdf| ] ;l' jwf kfPsf] 5, /fdf| ] cj;/ kfPsf]
5 p;nfO{ efUodfgL elgG5 . ‘efUodfgL’ sljtfdf sljn] cfkm" nfO{ gk] fn h:tf] ;G' b/
bz] df hlGdg kfPsfd] f efUodfgL dfgs] f 5g \ . gk] fn lxdfn, kxf8, t/fO{ cflbn] ubf{ w/] }
;G' b/ ags] f] 5 . oxfF a;fa] f; ug{] cgs] y/L dflg;x¿sf sf/0f klg of] /fdf| ] ags] f] 5 .
oxfF ePsf o:t} /fdf| s/' fx¿ ;D¹/] slj cfkm" nfO{ o:tf] bz] df hGdg kfPsfd] f efUodfgL
7fG5g \ . yk s/' f aˆ' g tnsf] sljtf Wofg lbP/ nodf jfrg u/ M
dn} ] cfFvf vfn] b] ]lv lxdfn b]Vg kfPF
d}n] cIf/ lrgb] l] v g]kfn nV] g kfPF .@.
lxprF n' Ldf 3fdsf] klxnf] ls/0f v;k] l5
l;ª\uf] wtL{ hudu aG5 lxdfn xfF;k] l5 .$.
dr] Lb]lv sfnL;Dd ;a} ;/] fk] m/] f]
rn' f aU] n} eP klg Pp6} 3/ d]/f ] .^.
lxpFr'nL M lxpF hds] f] r'r/' f] hudu M ¹ndn pHofnf]
ls/0f M k|sfz, Hoflt ;]/f]km/] f] M jl/kl/sf] hldg
84 5l/tf] gk] fnL – efu bO' {
lxdfn, kxf8, t/fO{, dw;] hxfF /x] klg
Pp6} b]zsf ;Gtfg xfdL hf]hf] eP klg .*.
cfFvfel/, 5ftLel/ g]kfnsf] 5fof
cfÇgf] eGbf a9L nfU5 dnfO{ bz] sf] dfof .!).
ks| [ltsf] /fhwfgL ;G' b/tfsf] vfgL
d t ;Gtfg oxL bz] sf] slt efUodfgL .!@.
lxdfn M lxpF hd]sf] kj{t vfgL M e08f/
kxf8 M 8f8F f] efUodfgL M ;v' L, /fdf| ] efUo ePsf
t/fO{ M g]kfnsf] blIf0fdf /x]sf] ;Dd hldg
/fhwfgL M bz] sf] s]Gb|
cEof;
zAb 1fg
!= tnsf zAbx¿ z'4;uF pRrf/0f u/ M
;Gtfg, efUodfgL, cIf/, 5fof, k|sl[ t
@= tnsf zAbx¿sf] cy{ n]v M
;]/fk] m]/f,] ls/0f, lxprF n' L, /fhwfgL, vfgL
#= tnsf zAbx¿nfO{ jfSodf ko| fu] u/ M
dw];, xfdL, b]z, cfÇgf,] ;a,} dnfO{
$= z4' kf//] ;f/ M
lzªu\ f], 5flt, cfvf, of}6O, xf;k] 5L
5l/tf] gk] fnL – efu bO' { 85
%= dflysf] sljtfaf6 /fd– sfd h:t} p:t} ;l' gg] zAbx¿ vf]h]/ n]v .
^= vfnL 7fpF k"/f u/ M
lxdfn, ============== t/fO,{ ============hxfF /x] klg
Pp6} =============== ;Gtfg ================= eP klg .
k7g afw]
!= tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] PsPs jfSodf pQ/ bp] m M
s_ ‘efUodfgL’ sljtf s;n] n]vs] f xg' \ <
v_ slt jn] f l;ªu\ f] wtL{ hudu u5{ <
u_ sljnfO{ cfÇgf] eGbf a9L s;sf] dfof nfU5 <
3_ slj lsg cfk"mnfO{ efUodfgL 7fG5g\ <
ª_ sljn] ;ae} Gbf klxnf s] bV] g / s] n]Vg kfP <
@= 7Ls a]7Ls 56' o\ fpm M
s_ dflysf] sljtf bj] L gk] fnn] n]v]sf x'g \ .
v_ sljnfO{ bz] sf] dfof nfUbg} .
u_ lxdfn xfF;]kl5 l;ªu\ f] wtL{ xf:F 5 .
3_ sljsf] cfFvfel/ ljbz] sf] 5fof ¹lNsG5 .
ª_ slj g]kfnL ;Gtfg ePsfd] f uj{ dfG5g \ .
#= tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ bp] m M
s_ sljn] b]zsf] sg' s'g 7fpsF f] aofg u/]sf 5g\ <
v_ sljnfO{ cfÇgf] b]z s:tf] nfu]sf] 5 <
u_ bz] nfO{ lsg xfdL ;a}sf] Pp6} 3/ elgPsf] xf] <
$= tnsf x/kmx¿n] s] eGg vf]hs] f xg' ,\ ljrf/ u/ clg cfkm" n] a¹' s] f] s'/f
sfkLdf nv] M
k|sl[ tsf] /fhwfgL ;G' b/tfsf] vfgL
d t ;Gtfg oxL bz] sf] slt efUodfgL
86 5l/tf] gk] fnL – efu b'O{
l;hg{ f
!= ‘d/] f] b]z’ zLif{sdf Pp6f sljtf n]v . klxnf tnsf x/kmx¿ Wofg lbP/ k9
clg To:t} c¿ x/kmx¿ yk]/ sljtf k"/f u/ M
d]/f] bz]
gk] fn xf] b]z d/] f] d]/f] hGd 7fpF
dnfO{ ;w}F Kof/f] nfU5 d]/f] cfÇg} ufp F .
@= ltdLnfO{ dg k/s] f] sg' } ljifodf Pp6f sljtf nv] clg sIffdf ;a}nfO{ ;'gfpm .
Jofs/0f
!= gfd jf ;j{gfdsf] k5fl8 hf]l8g cfpg] n,] nfO,{ af6, bl] v, sf,] df h:Tff
lrÅgx¿ ljelSt xg' \ .
@= tnsf] tflnsfaf6 jfSo agfpm M
/fl] gsf lxhf] n] ux[ sfo{ u/fp“5 ' .
d efO nfO{ kft ¹¥of] .
¿v bl] v cfPsL 5g} .
lblnk sfb] fnf] sf] af/L vG5 .
dn} ] u'? af6 3/ b]v]sf] 5' .
========================================================================================
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5l/tf] gk] fnL – efu b'O{ 87
#= tnsf jfSox¿df ldNbf] ljelSt e/ M
s_ ¿v ===== xf“uf] efl“ rof] . v_ la/fnf] ===== d';f] df¥of] .
u_ ;f]gfd ===== rf/}“ L ======== 3f“; lbof] . 3_ d l;;fsnd ===== nV] 5' .
ª_ cfdf 8f8' ===== t/sf/L rnfpgx' 'G5 . r_ g/z] kf]v/f ===== cfPsf] 5 .
5_ c~hnL ===== bfh' 8fS6/ 5g\ . h_ s[lt;f lxhf] ===== cfPsL 5g} .
ljz]if 1fg
yf]/} a´fpg] -n3t' fjfrL_ zAbx¿
kfgLsf] – l56f ] tn] sf] – yfk] f] cfufs] f] – l¹Nsf]
3fdsf ] – ¹N' sf ] crf/sf] – lkTsf] eftsf] – l;tf]
bw" sf] – ts' f{] ;k' f/Lsf] – s8' s\ f] s/] fsf] – sf;] f]
sfq“ mfs] f] – lr/f ] n;g' sf] – kf6] L rfdnsf ] – u8] f]
gg' sf] – l9sf ] df;s' f] – rfS] 6f yn} f] – yn} L
tnsf] lrqdf /ª e/ M
88 5l/tf] gk] fnL – efu bO' {
KFF7 lgaGw
!% xfdf| ] b]z
efOalxgLx¿;FuÛ – xfdf| ] bz] sf] /fhwfgL s] xf] <
– xfdLn] bz] nfO{ lsg dfof ugk{' 5{ <
tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] pQ/ lbg] ko| f; u/ M
– xfdf| ] bz] sf] gfd s] xf] <
– xfdf| ] bz] ltdLnfO{ s:tf] nfU5 <
xfdf| ] bz] ;;+ f/sf cGo bz] x¿eGbf w/] } ;G' b/ 5 . o;sf] ;G' b/tfn] o;nfO{ ;;+ f/df lrgfPsf] 5 . xfdf| ] bz] gk] fndf
s] s:tf s/' fx¿ 5g\ h;n] o;nfO{ cGo bz] eGbf km/s agfPsf 5g\ eGg] s/' f tnsf] lgaGwdf lbOPsf] 5 . gk] fnsf
o:t} cgs] ljzi] ftfx¿sf] af/d] f aˆ' g tnsf] lgaGw Wofg lbP/ k9 M
!= xfdf| ] bz] sf] gfd g]kfn xf] .
of] Pl;of dxfbz] sf] blIf0fkl§
kb{5 . xfd|f] b]zsf] l;dfgf
;d'b|;“u hf]l8Psf] 5}g . o;sf]
rf/ cf6] } l;dfgfdf hldgn]
3]/]sf] 5 . gk] fnsf] kj" {,
klZrd / blIf0fdf ef/t /
pQ/df lrg b]z kb5{ g \ . o;/L
;a}lt/ hldgn] 3]/s] f] bz] nfO{
ek" l/jl] i6t b]z elgG5 . gk] fn
klg Pp6f ek" l/j]li6t b]z xf ] .
xfdf| ] bz] sf] /fhwfgL ;x/sf]
gfd sf7df8f“} xf ] .
dxfbz] M w]/} hldg cfu] 6s] f] k[YjLsf] 7"nf] bz] ;db' | M htftt} kfgL ePsf] k[YjLsf] 7n" f]
e"kl/jl] i6t M hldgn] 3l] /Psf] efu, ;fu/
5l/tf] g]kfnL – efu b'O{ 89
@= xfd|f] bz] df lxdfn, kxf8 / t/fO{ /xs] f 5g\ . lxdfnL If]qdf kz| :t lxdfnx¿
5g \ . oxfF ;;+ f/s} ;ae} Gbf cUnf] lxdfn ;u/dfyf /xs] f] 5 . ;u/dfyfeGbf
s]xL xfr] f t/ ;;+ f/sf cGo b]zx¿df /xs] f lxdfnx¿eGbf cUnf lxdfnx¿
oxfF k|z:t 5g\ . oL lxdfnx¿af6 w]/} gbLgfnfx¿ aU5g \ . ¹/gf tyf tfnx¿
ag]sf 5g \ .
#= g]kfndf sf;] L, s0ff{nL, u08sL, e/] L, /fKtL, d]rL, dxfsfnL, aaO{, ;]tL, lqz"nL
h:tf 7n" f gbLx¿ /x]sf 5g\ . oL gbLx¿n] g]kfnnfO{ ;fx}| ;'Gb/ agfPsf 5g \ .
oL gbLx¿ g]kfnsf dxŒjk0" f{ ;DklQ xg' \ . o:tf ;DklQx¿sf] ;bk' of]u u//]
gk] fnn] w/] } kmfObf lng ;S5 . xfd|f] bz] df /f/f, km]jf, ¿kf, au] gf;, an' an' ,
ltlnrf], R5f] /fN] kf, kmf]S;G' 8f] h:tf tfnx¿ /xs] f 5g\ . oL tfnx¿ cToGt
;G' b/ 5g\ . oL tfnx¿ x]g{ ljZjsf ljleGg dn' s' x¿af6 dflg;x¿ gk] fn
cfpg] ub{5g \ .
$= xfd|f] bz] df ljleGg uk' mfx¿ 5g \ . jghª\un tyf 8f8F fsfF8fx¿ 5g \ . oxfF cgs]
k|sf/sf hLjhGtx' ¿ tyf r/fr?' ªu\ Lx¿ kfOG5g \ . xfdf| ] b]zdf ;f:+ s[lts
;Dkbfx¿ k|z:t 5g \ . cg]s d7dlGb/, uD' af, b/af/ tyf snfsl[ tn] g]kfnL
;:+ sl[ tnfO{ ;hfPsf 5g\ . oxfsF f dflg;x¿ w]/} ;xof]uL 5g \ . pgLx¿ c¿sf]
lxt xg' ] sfo{ ugn{' fO{ cfÇgf] st{Jo dfG5g \ .
%= oxfF ljleGg hfthfltsf dflg;x¿ a:5g\ . g]kfnsf] lxdfnL e]udf zk] f{x¿sf]
a;fa] f; /xs] f] 5 . To:t} kxf8L e]udf tfdfª, u'?ª, du/, /fO,{ lnDa'x¿
a:5g\ . t/fOd{ f yf?, /fhj+zL, ;tf/, lwdfn hfltsf dflg;x¿ a:5g \ .
a|fÅd0f, If]qL, gj] f/ nufotsf cgs] hflt 5l/P/ a;s] f 5g \ . a;fa] f; /xs] f]
g]kfn cgs] k"mnx¿ km' Ng] ;f¹f km" naf/L xf] . gk] fnsf ljleGg 7fpFdf w/] }
efiffx¿ af]lnG5g\ . xfdf| ] bz] df ;a}eGbf w/] } dflg;n] g]kfnL efiff afN] 5g \ .
oxfF dl} ynL, efh] k'/L, tfdfª, u?' ª,/fO,{ bgj' f/L, gj] f/L nufotsf efiffx¿
afl] nG5g\ .
^= xfd|f] b]z gk] fndf 7fp“ tyf hflt cg';f/ ljleGg rf8kj{x¿ dgfOG5g \ .
;b'kofu] M ;xL ko| fu] u'Daf M a4' wd{ dfGgx] ¿sf] dlGb/
tfn M 7"nf] kfv] /L
90 5l/tf] gk] fnL – efu bO' {
xfdf| ] bz] df b;,“} ltxf/
ljzi] f dxŒjsf ;fy ;a}
Ifq] df dgfOG5g\ . 57,
Nxf];f/, a'4kl" 0f{df, Ob,
lqm;d; nufotsf rf8x¿
gk] fnsf kd| 'v rf8kj{ xg' \ .
gk] fndf km/skm/s wd{ dfGg]
dflg;x¿ a:5g\ . oxfF lxGb'
wd{ w]/} gk] fnLx¿n] dfGg] wd{
xf] . xfd|f] bz] df af}4, O:nfd, ls/ft, hg} tyf O;fO{ wd{ dfGg] dflg;x¿
a:5g\ . wd{ tyf hftsf cfwf/df g]kfnLx¿ ljleGg yl/sf eP klg pgLx¿
Pscfk;df ldn/] a;s] f 5g \ .
&= cfk"mdf cnucnu wd{ tyf ;+:sl[ t eP klg gk] fnLx¿ Pscfk;df ldn]/
a:g ?rfpF5g \ . oxfF Pp6f hfltsf] csfk]{ |lt ;Ddfg /xs] f] 5 . Psn] csfn]{ fO{
cfb/ ug{ hfg]sf 5g \ . g]kfnLx¿sf] oxL ;f¹f efjgfn] ubf{ gk] fn ljZjdf
:jtGq /fi6«sf] ¿kdf /xs] f] 5 . g]kfnsf] ljsf; g} gk] fnLsf] ljsf; xf] eGg]
efjgfsf ;fy ;a} gk] fnL Pstfsf] dfnfdf plgPsf 5g\ . gk] fnLx¿sf] of]
cfk;sf] kd]| g} gk] fnsf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] zlSt xf] .
*= g]kfn jL/x¿sf] bz] xf ] . xfdL gk] fnLx¿ jL/x¿sf ;Gtfg xfF} . xfdLnfO{
gk] fnL xg' 'df w/] } uj{ 5 . g]kfnLx¿ cfÇgf] b]znfO{ cToGt w]/} dfof u5{g \ .
xfdf| jL/ kv' f{x¿n] g]kfndfly g/fdf| ] cfFvfn] x]g]{ ljb]zL zqx' ¿;Fu jL/tfsf
;fy n8/] bz] sf] uf/} j pRr /fvs] f lyP . jL/x¿sf] bz] k|ltsf] Tof] alnbfg
s'g} klg g]kfnLn] la;g{ x' G' g . cfÇgf] b]zsf] ljsf;sf nflu h'6g\ ' ;a} g]kfnLsf]
st{Jo xf] . bz] sf] ;/' Iff ug'{ gk] fnLsf] wd{ xf] . of] wd{ kfngf ug{ ;a} g]kfnLn]
hfg]sf 5g \ .
(= /fhf hgs, ;Ltf, uf}td a4' , e[s'6L, c/lgsf,] zª\vw/ zfVj, dxfslj
jL/ M ;fx;L JolSt alnbfg M b]z / hgtfsf nflu ul/g] Tofu
5l/tf] gk] fnL – efu bO' { 91
ljBfklt, l;l4bf; cdfTo, efge' St cfrfo,{ kf;fªNxfd' z]kf{x¿sf]
hGde"ld g]kfn cfkmdF} f cToGt ;'Gb/ / kljq 5 . oxfF kz'kltgfy, af}4gfy,
nl' DagL, :joDe," j/fx If]q, d'lStgfy h:tf wflds{ Ifq] x¿ 5g\ h;n] gk] fn
/ g]kfnLx¿sf] /]vbv] ul//x]sf 5g \ . g]kfnsf] kf| sl[ ts ljljwtf tyf o;sf]
;f}Gbos{ f] sf/0f ljleGg bz] af6 gk] fn xg] { cfpg] dflg;x¿sf] ;ª\Vof lbg
k|ltlbg a9\b} 5 . g]kfnsf] ;G' b/tf x/] ]/ cfgGb lng oxf“ ljbz] Lx¿ cfpg]
u/s] f xg' \ . oxf“ dgfOg] rf8kj{ tyf ljleGg afhfufhf, gfrufg / cGo
rfnrngn] g]kfnnfO{ ;;+ f/df g} lrgfPsf] 5 . xfdLn] xfdf| ] bz] sf o:tf
;Dkbfx¿sf] ;/+ If0f tyf k|rf/ ugk'{ 5{ clg dfq bz] sf] ljsf; xg' ;S5 .
ljljwtf M leGgtf ;+/If0f M ;'/Iff, hf]ufpg] sfd
;Dkbf M ;DklQ
cEof;
zAb 1fg
!= tnsf zAbx¿ z'4;uF pRrf/0f u/ M
;'Gb/tf, blIf0f, af| Åd0f, ;DklQ, ;d'b|, cToGt
@= tnsf zAbx¿sf] cy{ nv] M
alnbfg, ;Dkbf, dxfbz] , e"kl/j]li6t, u'Daf, ;d'b|
#= z4' kf//] ;f/ M
xfDdf] b]; gk] fndf 7fpF tyf hftL cg';f/ laleGg rf8kj{x¿ dgfO{G5g\ .
$= jfSodf ko| f]u u/ M
;u/dfyf, ;G' b/, ;/+ If0f, g/fd|f] cfvF fn] xg] {,' u'kmf
%= dflysf] lgaGwaf6 ljleGg g]kfndf a:g] hfthfltsf] gfd n]v .
92 5l/tf] gk] fnL – efu bO' {
^= dflysf] lgaGwaf6 ‘z’ / ‘;’ k|ofu] ePsf kfFrkfrF zAbx¿ vfh] /] n]v .
&= tnsf zAb / cy{sf aLrdf hf8] f ldnfpm M
;+/If0f JolStdf x'g] pRrtfsf] efj
uj{ hldgleqsf] cf]8f/
uk' mf ;'/Iff
;b'kof]u k|sl[ tdf xg' ] leGgtf
kf| sl[ ts ljljwtf /fd|f] pkofu]
k7g af]w
!= tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] PsPs jfSodf pQ/ b]pm M
s_ xfd|f] b]z s'g dxfb]zdf kb5{ <
v_ gk] fndf s]–s:tf gbLx¿ /xs] f 5g\ <
u_ gk] fnsf k|dv' rf8kj{x¿ s'gs'g x'g\ <
3_ gk] fndf ;a}eGbf a9L dflg;n] sg' efiff afN] 5g\ <
ª_ ljbz] Lx¿ oxfF lsg cfpg] u/]sf 5g\ <
@= 7Ls a7] Ls 5'6\ofpm M
s_ xfdf| ] bz] lgaGw afn clwsf/sf] af/]df nl] vPsf] 5 .
v_ gk] fn ljZjdf :jtGq /fi6s« f] ¿kdf /x]sf] 5 .
u_ xfdLn] xfdf| ] b]zsf ;Dkbfx¿sf] ;+/If0f ug'{kb}g{ .
3_ cfÇgf] bz] sf] ljsf;sf nflu h6' g\ ' ;a} g]kfnLsf] st{Jo xf] .
ª_ gk] fn jL/x¿sf] b]z xf ] .
#= kf7sf] cfwf/df tnsf] tflnsfdf ldNg] zAbx¿ e/ M
hfthfltsf] gfd
jL/ kv' fx{ ¿sf] gfd
5l/tf] gk] fnL – efu b'O{ 93
rf8kj{sf] gfd
wds{ f] gfd
wflds{ Ifq] sf] gfd
efiffx¿sf] gfd
$= tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ bp] m M
s_ gk] fndf s'gsg' hfltsf dflg;x¿ a;fa] f; u5g{ \ <
v_ g]kfnLx¿ s;/L ldn]/ a;]sf 5g\ <
u_ g]kfnnfO{ ss] :tf s'/fx¿n] ;G' b/ agfPsf 5g\ <
3_ g]kfndf ljb]zLx¿ lsg cfpF5g\ <
%= xfd|f] b]z lgaGw k9]kl5 cfk"mn] a¹' ]sf] s'/f sDtLdf bz jfSodf n]v .
l;h{gf
!= ‘d]/f] ljBfno’ zLif{sdf Pp6f lgaGw nv] .
@= ltdf| ] bz] ltdLnfO{ s:tf] nfU5 < cfÇgf] b]zsf s]s] s/' fx¿ ltdLnfO{ dg
k5{ < bz x/km;Ddsf] Pp6f cgR' 5]bdf n]v .
Jofs/0f
!= pbfx/0fdf lbOP h:t} u/L tnsf jfSox¿nfO{ kl/jtg{ u/]/ n]v M
pbfx/0f M dlgif ux[ sfo{ u5 { .
→ dlgif ux[ sfo{ ubg{} .
s_ ltdLn] lrl8ofvfgf bv] s] f 5f } .
v_ /lag dfdf3/ uof ] .
u_ pm ldlxgt] u//] k95\ .
3_ cfdf ahf/ hfge' of ] .
ª_ ;G' tnL alxgL;uF 3D' g uO { .
94 5l/tf] gk] fnL – efu bO' {
@= tnsf] pbfx/0f x]/ zAbx¿nfO{ hf8] /] gofF zAb agfpm M
pbfx/0f M aa' f / cfdf ˜ afac' fdf lbbL / alxgL ˜
bfh' /=e===fO=== =˜================================================
vt] /=a==f=/=L== =˜================================================ r/f / r?' ªu\ L ˜
kz' /=k==G=5==L= =˜================================================ sfkL / snd ˜
ljz]if 1fg
xfd|f] b]zsf ljleGg k|fs[lts ;Dkbfx¿
lxdfn gbL tfn
;u/dfyf, s~rghª3\ f, sf;] L, u08sL, s0ffn{ L, /f/f, kmj] f, ju] gf;,
dgf;n,' dsfn,' cGgk0" f,{ dxfsfnL, dr] L, jfUdtL, ¿kf, an' an' ,
c?0f, lqzn" L, e/] L, ;t] L,
wjnflul/, gLnlul/, gGbefph," 3f8] f3f8] L
sD' es0f,{ u0fz] , /fKtL, gf/fo0fL
uf/} Lzªs\ /
tnsf] lrqdf /ª e/ M
5l/tf] gk] fnL – efu bO' { 95
KFF7 lgj]bg
!^ labfsf] nflu lgj]bg
efOalxgLx¿;FuÛ – labf dfUg s] ugk{' 5{ <
tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ lbg] ko| f; u/ M – lgjb] g lsg nl] vG5 <
– ltdLn] ljBfnodf slxNo} labf dfus] f 5f} <
– lgjb] g egs] f] s] xf] <
lgjb] g egs] f] cg/' fw] xf ] . cfkm" nfO{ k/s] f] ;d:ofsf] af/d] f c¿nfO{ hfgsf/L u/fP/ To;sf] ;dfwfgsf nflu cg/' fw]
ug{ lgjb] g nl] vG5 . ljBfyLn{ ] ljBfnodf labf dfu/] , sg' } sfoq{ mddf efu lng cg/' fw] u//] jf cGo sg' } ;d:ofsf]
af/d] f hfgsf/L u/fP/ lgjb] g nV] gk' 5 { . tnsf] kf7df Pp6f ljBfyLn{ ] labf dfu/] ljBfnosf kw| fgfWofksnfO{
lgjb] g nv] s] f] 5 . of] lgjb] g Wofg lbP/ k9 clg ltdL klg To:t} lgjb] g nV] g] ko| f; u/ M
!= ldlt M @)&!÷)(÷)%
@= >Ldfg\ k|wfgfWofks,
#= >Lsi[ 0f pRr dfWolds ljBfno,
$= v/Lkf6L, eStk'/ .
%= ljifo M la/fdL labf kfpm“ .
^= dxfb] o,
&= k|:t't ljifosf ;DaGwdf d o; ljBfnosf] sIff b'Od{ f k9g\ ] 5fqf x“' . d
ljBfnodf lgoldt pkl:yt eP/ cWoog ub{5' . t/ b'Or{ f/ lbgbl] v dnfO{
Hj/f] cfPsfn] ljBfno cfpg ;ss] L 5}g . c:ktfndf uP/ hf“rk] l5 8fS6/n]
cf}ifwL lbP/ sx] L lbg cf/fd ug'{ eg]sf 5g\ . To;n} ] d c¹ ltgrf/ lbg
ljBfnodf pkl:yt x'g ;lSbg“ . d/] f] 56' s] f] kf7 ;Grf] ePkl5 ;fyLsf] ;xofu]
5fqf M s]6L ljBfyL{ >Ldfg\ M s;}nfO{ ;Ddfg ubf{ elgg] zAb
k|wfgfWofks M k|dv' lzIfs dxfb] o M cfk"meGbf dfGohgnfO{ ul/g]
pkl:yt M ;xefuL ePsf]
;Dafw] g
96 5l/tf] gk] fnL – efu b'O{
lnP/ k/" f ug{] 5' . To;n} ] d ljBfnodf pkl:yt xg' g;s]sf] lbgsf] xflh/
sfkLdf la/fdL labf hgfOlbg'xg' ljgd| cg'/fw] ub5{ ' .
&= cf1fsf/L 5fqf
clkt{ f /fhjz+ L
ljgd | M gd| ePsf] cf1fsf/L M egs] f] dfGg
cEof;
zAb 1fg
!= tnsf zAbx¿ z'4;uF pRrf/0f u/ M
cWoog, ljBfno, Hj/f], sIff, c:ktfn, k:| tt'
@= zAbsf] cy{ nv] M
pkl:yt, ljgd|, k|wfgfWofks, 5fqf, cf1fsf/L
#= jfSodf ko| f]u u/ M
d]/f], cfi} fwL, ;fyL, ;Grf,] cg/' f]w ug'{
$= z'4 kf/]/ nv] M
d aLWofnodf lgPldt pkl:7t eo/ cWoog ub5{ ' .
%= dflysf] lgjb] gaf6 cfwf cIf/sf] k|ofu] ePsf s'g} kfrF zAbx¿ vf]h/] nv] .
k7g afw]
!= tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] PsPs jfSodf pQ/ b]pm M
s_ dflysf] lgjb] g s;n] n]vs] f] xf] <
v_ lgj]bg s'g ljifodf n]lvPsf] 5 <
u_ lgjb] s s'g ljBfnodf cWoog ul5{g \ .
3_ lgjb] sn] lsg labf dfu]sL xg' \ <
ª_ lgjb] ssf] ljBfno sg' 7fpdF f 5 <
5l/tf] g]kfnL – efu b'O{ 97
@= 7Ls a]7Ls 5'6o\ fpm M
s_ dflysf] lgj]bg 5fqn] n]v]sf] xf] .
v_ lgjb] gsf] ;?' df bfofFk6l\ 6 ldlt n]Vgk' 5 { .
u_ lgj]bgdf ljifo gnv] ] klg x'G5 .
3_ clk{tf /fhjz+ L >Lsi[ 0f pRr df=lj=df k9\l5g\ .
ª_ lgj]bgsf] cGTodf cfÇgf] aa' fsf] gfd n]Vg'k5{ .
#= tnsf] cg'R5b] k9 clg ;f]lwPsf k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ bp] m M
;;+ f/sf ;a} b]zx¿n] cfkm" nfO{ lrgfpg sg' } g s'g} lrÅg tfs] s] f xG' 5g \ .
ltg} lrÅgx¿nfO{ To; bz] sf /fli6o« lrÅg elgG5 . csf{] zAbdf eGbf b]z
jf /fi6n« fO{ lrgfpg] lrÅgnfO{ /fli6o« lrÅg elgG5 . xfdf| ] bz] gk] fnn] klg sx] L
/fli6o« lrÅg tfs] s] f5] h;nfO{ xfdL gk] fnsf] /fli6o« lrÅg eGb5f F} . oL lrÅgn]
xfdf| ] bz] nfO{ lrgfp5F . xfdf| ] b]zsf] /fli6o« lrÅg ljleGg k|sf/sf 5g \ . tL
lrÅgx¿ /fli6«o kIfL 8fFkm] , /fli6o« k"mn nfnLu/' f;F , /fli6«o /ª l;xflddLs| ==,=_/fxli'g6«o\ .
hgfj/ ufO,{ /fli6«o emG8f tyf /fli6o« uLt -;of}F y'Fuf k"mnsf
xfd|f] /fli6«o lrÅgn] xfd|f] b]z g]kfnnfO{ ljZjel/ lrgfpF5g\ . oL lrÅgnfO{
xfdLn] ;Ddfg ug{k' 5 { .
kZ| gx¿ M
s_ /fli6«o lrÅg sn] fO{ elgG5 <
v_ xfd|f] bz] sf] /fli6«o lrÅg s–] s] xg' \ <
u_ xfdf| ] b]zsf] /fli6o« lrÅgnfO{ s] ug'{k5{ <
3_ /fli6«o lrÅgnfO{ lsg ;Ddfg ugk{' 5{ <
l;h{gf
!= cfk"m la/fdL eP/ ljBfnodf cfpg g;s]sf] s'/f v'nfP/ cfÇgf] ljBfnosf
kw| fgfWofksnfO{ lgjb] g nv] .
98 5l/tf] gk] fnL – efu b'O{
@= bfh'sf] jt| aGwdf hfg'k/]sfn] ljBfnodf cfpg g;s]sf] s/' f n]v/] ltg lbgsf]
labf dfUb} sIff lzIfsnfO{ lgjb] g nv] .
Jofs/0f
!= tnsf] pbfx/0f x]/ clg vfnL 7fpdF f ldNg] lqmof e/ M
tpdtpdFkxxbgcffz]]zLxOxfÇ+{/¿c/cg0ffffkc]ÇÇMsfggfjdÇffft{]d]gsscLf]cfffcsÇddfgfkfÇdccfmg]}F sff=fckk=] =fsmmfd=}F}Fk===f=m==dF}c=========f==ck========fm===k=F} ====u=m ==}F=.=5====== ==={' == .==..=== x=.f=d =lpkpt=Lf=mxdj=cfc={tLF =cff=cLÇÇ fcg.gfÇÇffgf]gÇ] sfsgf] ]sfffsd]dsffddccfdcffckkcfmfmk}FkF}fumkmF}=F}5=m=}F====f====}{ +====.================================= == .==. ..
@= tnsf] pbfx/0f x/] clg vfnL 7fpFdf ldNg] lqmof e/ M
tptppljFkbxglggfffLxOF]ktgg+{/ffgnk]k]0gfk]ffLnn]kfMJnLLfodnLJJfsoLoJgoJff/]kossf0fsfn/f/s/00L=/ff=0J=0f==o=f====f=====s===========/=========0=====f==========k=========9=== ==.==\b ===.=} ===5l =j..l ' tg..lpdjf]bgpgLxL/mfgxfb] gdk]l¿jk]gLflnfgg]kgnLtfk]k] LnJfffonJnLgofLJLsk]foJsJfo/fons/0ffLsf0s/Jf=/0o/==f0=0f=fs==f======k/=======09====f====\b======}=====5==========f=====} F= ===.=.== ===.====== ==. ..
ljz]if 1fg
;ª\lIfKt zAbx¿ tyf ltgsf k/" f ¿k
k=| c= – kw| fg cWofks kf| =lj= – kf| ylds ljBfno
lg=df=lj= – lgDg dfWolds ljBfno df=lj= – dfWolds ljBfno
uf=lj=;= – ufpF ljsf; ;ldlt lh=lj=;= – lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt
lh=lz=c= – lhNnf lzIff clwsf/L k=| lh=c= – kd| v' lhNnf clwsf/L
zf=c= – zfvf clwst[ k=lg=sf= – k/LIff lgoGq0f sfofn{ o
5l/tf] g]kfnL – efu bO' { 99
KFF7 syf
!& 5k] f/fsf] of]hgf
efOalxgLx¿;FuÛ
tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] pQ/ lbg] k|of; u/ M
– xfdL sxfF a:5fF} < – xfdLnfO{ 3/sf] cfjZostf lsg k5{ <
– hLjhGtx' ¿ sxfF a:5g\ < – 3/n] xfdLnfO{ ss] a] f6 hfu] fp5F <
sx] L sfd ug{ ul/g] tof/LnfO{ ofh] gf elgG5 . ofh] gf agfP/ ul/Psf] sfd ;kmn xG' 5 . ofh] gf agfpg] t/ To;nfO{
k/" f ug{ ko| Tg ul/Pg eg] slxNo} ;kmn eObF g} . ofh] gf agfpg] t/ sfd ug{ ko| f; klg gugn{] fO{ 5k] f/fsf] pvfg
h:tf] elgG5 . 5k] f/fn] klg hf8f] ePsf] jn] fdf 3/ agfpg] ofh] gf agfof] t/ Tof] ofh] gfnfO{ k/" f ug{ ko| f; klg
u/g] . lsg 5k] f/fsf] ofh] gfnfO{ pvfg agfOPsf] xfn] f aˆ' g tnsf] syf Wofg lbP/ k9 M
!= Psfb]zdf Pp6f 3gf hª\un lyof ] .
Tof] hª\undf cGo kzk' G5Lx¿eGbf
leGg tl/sfn] Pp6f 5]kf/f] a:Yof ] .
pm ;fx}| cN5L lyof ] . hf8f] / 3fdaf6
aRg p;sf l5ds] L r/f, d;' fx¿
cfÇgf] jf;:yfg cfkm}F lgdf0{ f uy ]{ . 5]kf/f] eg] cfÇgf] jf;sf] lgdf0{ f ug{
nfluk/]sf] lyPg .
@= udL{ ofddf t 5]kf/f] ¿vsf 5xf/Lx¿ vfh] /] lbg latfpYF of ] . /ftdf Tolt la£g
hf8f] xbF' g} Yof ] . p;sf] uh' f/f h;f]t;f] rn]sf] lyof ] . lbg laTb} uof ] . 5]kf/f]nfO{
lxpbF ofd ;'? ePsf] kQ} ePg . lbg 5f6] f / /ft nfdf x'g yfn ] . hf8f] klg
la566\ } a9g\ yfNof] .
#= 5k] f/fsf ;a} l5ds] Lx¿ lbgel/ 3fd tfKy ] . c¿n] 3fd tfks] f] bv] /] 5k] f/fnfO{
klg tfKg dg nfUYof] . c¿eGbf d rflxF s] sd eGb} kfl/nf] 3fd nfus] f]
7fpdF f k'u/] pm lbgel/ 6fpsf] xNnfOxNnfO{ 3fdsf] Gofgf] lnGYof] . klZrddf
3fd c:tfpg nfu]kl5 ;a} l5d]sLx¿ cfcfÇgf] jf;:yfglt/ nfUy] . hf8f]
ofddf /ft nfdf] eP klg pgLx¿ cfkm" n] agfPsf] af;:yfgdf cfgGbn]
kz'kG5L M hgfj/ / r/f ofd M df};d, j]nf
uh' f/f M hLjg rnfpg] sfd jf;:yfg M a:g] 7fp,F 3/
100 5l/tf] gk] fnL – efu b'O{
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Chharito Nepali class 2 final
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