Chharito Nepali 5 _ 2075 Final

…gk] fn ;/sf/ lzIff dGqfno kf7\oj|md ljsf; sG] ba| f6 :jLs[t kf7\o ;fduL| Ú

5l/tf] g]kfnL

sIff

%

n]vs tyf ;Dkfbs

ke| ftL ls/0f
gf/fo0f lg/f;L

z'ef/De klAns];g k|f= ln=

sf7df8fF}, g]kfn

gfdM =====================================================================
/fn] g+= ====================================== ;S] ;g= ===========
ljBfnoM ===============================================================================================
kmfg] g+= ================================================

k|sfzs 5l/tf] g]kfnL
z'ef/De klAns];g k|f= ln=
sf7df8fF,} gk] fn sIff
n]vs
ke| ftL ls/0f %
gf/fo0f lg/f;L
klxnf] ;+:s/0f
@)&)
kl/dflht{ ;+:s/0f
@)&%
;jfl{ wsf/
nv] s / k|sfzsdf
u|flkmS;
kmf]s; sDKo6' /
lrq
sfhL /fgf

efiff l;sfOsf qmddf kf7o\ k:' ts dxŒjk0" f{ dfWod xf ] . kf7\oqmdn] lgb]z{ g u/s] f] kf7\o;fdu|LnfO{
kf7o\ k':tsn] Jojl:yt u5 { . 5l/tf] gk] fnL zª[ v\ nfnfO{ efiff l;sfOsf ;Lkx¿ ;g' fO, af]nfO tyf
n]vfOnfO{ ke| fjsf/L ¿kdf Jojl:yt ug{ pkofu] L kf7\ok':tssf] ¿kdf tof/ kf/s] f 5f} F . efiff
l;Sg / l;sfpg ;flxTosf ljleGg ljwfx¿ pkofu] L dfWod x'g] ljZjJofkL dfGotfnfO{ cfTd;ft\
ub}{ o; zª[ v\ nfdf sljtf, syf, lgaGw, hLjgL, Psfªs\ L tyf ¿ks ljwfcGtu{t ;+jfb, jfbljjfb,
lr7L cflbsf] oyf]lrt k|of]u ul/Psf] 5 . gk] fnL ;flxTosf cl3Nnf] tyf kl5Nnf] k:' tfsf ;i| 6fx¿sf
/rgf o;df ;d]l6Psf 5g \ . oxfF ;d]l6Psf s[ltsf ;i| 6fx¿kl| t xfdL cfef/L 5f }F . oxfF hg' hg' kf7df
n]vssf] gfd lbOPsf 5}gg\ tL xfdLn] g} tof/ kf/]sf xf F} . ‘5l/tf] gk] fnL’ sf] o; z[ªv\ nfdf kf7
5gf6] tyf ltgsf] cEof; ljGof; ubf{ cToGt ;hutf ckgfOPsf] 5 . k|To]s kf7df kj" {k7gsf
nflu efOalxgLx¿;uF eGg] v08 /flvPsf] 5 . of] d"ntM ljBfyLx{ ¿sf] ;Lk tyf bIftf clejl[ 4
tyf kf7kl| t ?lr tfGg] p2Z] on] /flvPsf] eP klg lzIfs ldqx¿nfO{ ;d]t cWofkgsf qmddf
pTk]/| ssf] ¿kdf /xf;] \ eGg] s'/fdf ljz]if Wofg lbPsf 5f F} . o; v08df ;DalGwt kf7sf n]vssf] af/]df
kl/ro lbP/ ljBfyL{df ;i| 6fx¿sf] kl/ro / pgLx¿k|lt ;Ddfgsf] efj hufpg vf]lhPsf] 5 .

dn" kf7sf] k|:tl' tkl5 cEof; ;+of]hg ubf{ zAb1fg, k7gaf]w, l;h{gf, Jofs/0f / ljzi] f 1fg u/L
kfrF v08df cEof;nfO{ ljefhg ul/Psf] 5 . zAb1fgcGtut{ ;DalGwt kf7df /xs] f zAbx¿sf]
z4' pRrf/0f, ltgsf] cy,{ jfSodf k|of]u nufotsf cfEofl;s kZ| gx¿ /fv]/ ljBfyLs{ f] zAb1fgsf]
clej[l4 ug{] p2Z] o /flvPsf] 5 . k7gafw] cGtu{t kf7df k9]sf] s/' f ;I" d ¿kdf a'¹] ga¹' s] f] k/LIf0f
ug]{ u/L clt ;ªl\ IfKt pQ/, ;ª\lIfKt pQ/, JofVof, nfdf] pQ/ cflbsf] cEof;sf nflu ljBfyLn{ fO{
cEo:t agfpg] p2Z] o /flvPsf] 5 . o;df ;fdfGoaf6 hl6ntkm{sf] cjwf/0ffsf] cg';/0f ul/Psf]
5 . l;h{gfcGtut{ ljBfyL{sf] l;h{gfTds Ifdtfsf] clejl[ 4sf nflu sljtf, lgaGw, hLjgL, syf
cflb nv] gsf] kl/ro / cEof; lbP/ To;df ?lrk0" f{ ;xeflutfsf nflu cEof; tof/ kfl/Psf]
5 . of] v08sf] cEof; kl5 ljBfyLx{ ¿ ljBfnodf x'g] tyf cGo kl| tof]lutfTds ljm| ofsnfkdf vn' ]/
;xefuL x'g ;Sg] 5g\ . Jofs/0fcGtut{ kf7\qmdn] lgwf/{ 0f u/]cg';f/sf Jofs/0fsf zLifs{ x¿nfO{
ko| f]uk/s cEof; u/fpg] p2Z] o /flvPsf] 5 . Jofs/0fsf] yk cEof;sf nflu xfdLn] g} tof/
kf/]sf] 5l/tf] g]kfnL Jofs/0fsf] cEof; u/fpg ;lsg] 5 . ljzi] f 1fgcGtut{ kf7;uF ;DalGwt ljleGg
ef}ufl] ns, ;f:+ s[lts, k|fsl[ ts tyf wfld{s ljifo;Fu ;DalGwt 1fgsf s'/fx¿ ;dl] 6Psf 5g \ .

kf7sf] dd{cg;' f/ lrqx¿ lbP/ tof/ kfl/Psf] k:| tt' k':ts efiff lzIf0fsf] nflu pkof]uL ;fduL| sf]
¿kdf tof/ kfg{] xfdf| ] ko| f;df lj1 kf7s, lzIfs, ljBfyL{ tyf cleefjsx¿af6 cfpg] ;'¹fj
tyf ;Nnfx xfdf| nflu dfu{bzs{ aGg] 5g\ . cfufdL lbgdf k:' tsnfO{ c¹ k|efjsf/L agfpg
kl/isf/ / kl/dfh{g ub}{ hfg] jfrf ub{5f}F .

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ljifo ;r" L

kf7 zLifs{ ljwf n]vs ki[ 7

!= g]kfn sljtf l;l4r/0f >i] 7 %
@= Uffg] ' ¹fsf] vt] L nfs] syf !)
#= uf/} f kj { lgaGw !&
$= 8fS6/ ;Gb's ?Ot hLjgL @%
%= k};fsf] r'Das Psfªs\ L Zofdbf; ji} 0fj #@
^= Pl] txfl;s :ynsf] e|d0f lr7L #(
& cl3 a9g\ ] /x/ sljtf gj/fh nD;fn $$
*= rt/' ] syf wL/sd' f/ >i] 7 $(
(= k:' tsfno lgaGw %^
!)= km' 6ansf hfbu' / k]n] hLjgL ^#
!!= dgf/] d sfln~rfs] ;+:d/0f oj' /fh gofF3/] &)
!@= xfd|f] ;+:s[lt ;j+ fb &^
!#= xfdf| ] ¹G8f sljtf b}j1/fh Gof}kfg] *$
!$= c;n ldq syf hgsk;| fb xd' fufO {+ *(
!%= /fi6s« lj dfwj l3ld/ ] hLjgL (%
!^= u8}F f cfTdsyf !)@
!&= ;xl/of hLjgeGbf ufpFn] hLjg a;] jfbljjfb !)(
!*= l;Sb} hfgk' 5 { uLt >j0f d'sf?ª !!^
!(= labfsf] nflu lgjb] g lgj]bg !@!
@)= ef] dnfO{ ;fOsn rflxbF g} syf ljho rfln; ] !@%
@!= gk] fn Kof/f] 5 sljtf ke| ftL ls/0f !##
@@= ;GWof/fgLsf] :sn' syf dx]z kf8} n] !#*

KFF7 sljtf

gk] fn! – l;l4r/0f >]i7

efOalxgLx¿;uF †

– ltdLn] gk] fnsf sg' sg' Ifq] ed| 0f u/s] f 5f} < – ltdLn] lxdfn bv] s] f 5f} <

– ltdLnfO{ gk] fnsf ss] ] s/' fx¿ /fdf| nfU5g\ < – gk] fndf s] s:tf hfltsf dflg;x¿ a:5g\ yfxf 5 <

-lj=;+= !(^(–@)$(_ gk] fnL ;flxTodf ou' sljsf] ¿kdf ;'k|l;4 5g \ . ks| [ltsf] ljljw
¿ksf] lrq0f ug]{ slj >i] 7 cfÇgf sljtfdf gk] fn / gk] fnLkl| t cToGt kd]| ks| 6 u5g{  \ .
d]/f] kl| tlaDa, sf]lknf, s'lx/f] / 3fd cflb slj >]i7sf k|sflzt sljtf;ª\ux| x¿ xg'  \ .
;dfhsf lk5l8Psf] ju{sf] kIfdf snd rnfpg] >i] 7 k|sl[ tsf ;Rrf ufos x'g \ . logsf]
‘gk] fn’ sljtfdf gk] fnsf] cgs] ks| f/sf] kf| s[lts ;f}Gbo{sf] aofg ul/Psf] 5 . k|s[ltn]
;[li6sf] ;Dk"0f{ ;f}Gbo{ oxL w/tLdf vGofPsf] rrf{ ub{} sljn] of] ;f}Gbo{ hlt kfg u/] klg
gc3fOg] s'/f pNnv] u/s] f 5g \ . laxfgsf] nfnL of] wtL{df kbf{ bl] vg] o;sf] ;g' f}nf] :j¿kn] ;as} f] dg xg]{ s/' f
sljtfdf JoSt ePsf] 5 . kf| sl[ ts ;fG} bos{ f] dfx] gLdf k/s] f slj cgs] hfthfltsf] km" naf/Lsf] ¿kdf /xs] f] g]kfnk|lt
cfÇgf] ;Dk0" f{ kd]| vGofpg rfxG5g \ . o; sljtfdf pgn] g]kfnL rGb;| "o{ cªl\ st /fli6«o ¹G8fsf] ;fgnfO{ c¹
pRr /fVg ;Dk0" f{ gk] fnLn] cfÇgf] an, al' 4 / Ifdtf Ps} 7fpdF f nufP/ c¹ pRr kfgk{' g{] s/' f JoSt u/s] f 5g \ .
yk s/' fx¿ aˆ' g tnsf] sljtf Wofg lbP/ k9 M

gk] fn Kof/f] / kljq b]z ;fG} bo{ M ;'Gb/ x'gfsf] efj† ;'Gb/tf
;fG} bo{ wf/f axg] czi] f czi] f M cgluGtL, ;a,} ;Dk0" f{
;ª\uLtsf] d"n km'6L ljzfn noa4 M no ePsf,] ;fªu\ Llts
5NsL/x¹] F} noa4 5fn ..$.. 5fn M xfjfsf] ke| fjn] gbL, tnfp, ;db' | cflbsf]

of] bz] x]¥of] hlt xG' 5 x¿] “ kfgL j]un] axFbf p7s] f] nx/† t/ªu\
aofg n]Vof] hlt xG' 5 nv] "“ Sof? F M s] u¿F
dfof vGofof] hlt ¹g\ vGofpm“ ;xif{ M Hofb} v';L
;Ddfg ufof] hlt x'G5 ufp“m ..*.. Zjf; M ;f;

Sof?“, d of] b]zlgldQ Sof?“ 5l/tf] g]kfnL – efu kfFr 5
gfr"“ ls ufpm“ ls unf ldnfpm“
;xif{ sf6L lz/ g} r9fpm“
of Zjf; hDd} o;d} ld;fp“m ..!@..

la:tf/ cfOs{ g k"j{åf/
vf]Nbf piffn] b'nxL–d'xf/
r'nLrn' L wKk lr/fu afnL
xg' ] gof“ hLjgsf] axfnL ..!^..

sf] cfo,{ dª\ufn] / sf] ls/“ftL
xfdL ;as} f] ca Ps hflt
of6} } lkO{ 3fd, xjf / kfgL
of6} } ag]sf] /ª\u, ¿k, afgL ..@)..

xfdL ;a}sf] an, al' 4, bfp
hDdf xg' ] Ps kljq 7fp“
Tof] ;"o{, rGb|fªl\ st nfn ¹G8f
xfd|f] 5 Kof/f] clt k|f0feGbf ..@$..

kj" {åf/ M kj" {sf] 9fs] f, b}nf] dªu\ f]n M cg'xf/ r]K6f] / gfs yK] rf] x'g] hflt ljz]if
piff M laxfg x'g] a]nf, l¹;ld;] pHofnf] ls/fFtL M ls/fFt k|bz] df a;f]jf; ug]{† ls/ftF jz+ sf]
lr/fu M /fFs] aQL, d;fn, lbofnf] xjf M xfjf, atf;
axfnL M gofF kb, clwsf/ ;DxfNg] sfd bfp M sg' } sfd, s/' f] ldnfpg ;lhnf] kg{] cj;/, dfs} f
cfo{ M ;Eo dflgPsf] kf| rLg Ps hflt rGb|fªl\ st M rGb|df cªl\ st ePsf]† rGbd| f h8]sf]

cEof;

zAb 1fg

!= tnsf zAbx¿ z4' ;Fu pRrf/0f u/ M
k"j{åf/, wkSs, dª\uf]n, rGbf| ªl\ st, noa4
@= tnsf zAbx¿sf] cy{ nv] M
Sof¿F, lr/fu, ljzfn, cz]if, piff, bfp

6 5l/tf] gk] fnL – efu kfrF

#= sljtfdf ‘z’ / ‘o’ k|of]u ePsf zAbx¿ vfh] /] nv]  . =================
=================
$= tnsf lj|mofkbsf] cs/0f ¿k nv] M =================
x]¿,F nv] ,F" vGofpFm, ufpmF, ldnfpFm, r9fpmF, ld;fpmF , gfr"F
5l/tf] g]kfnL – efu kfFr 7
%= tnsf zAbx¿ z4' kf/]/ cfÇgf] sfkLdf ;f/ M
dfofF, ;+lut, klat/, p;f j4' L

^= jfSodf ko| fu] u/ M
bz] , aofg, Kof/f], afgL, ¹G8f

&= tnsf vfnL 7fpFdf ldNg] zAb e/ M
========= of] b]z lgldQ =========
gfr"F ========= ldnfpFm .
========= sf6L lz/ g} =========
of Zjf; ========= ld;fpFm .

*= tnsf zAbsf] ljk/Lt cy{ lbg] zAb nv]  .
kljq, b]z, ljzfn, la:tf/}, k"j{

k7g af]w

!= tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] PsPs jfSodf pQ/ bp] m M
s_ ‘gk] fn’ sljtf s;n] n]v]sf xg' \ <
v_ gk] fn s:tf] b]z xf] <
u_ slj ;xif{ s] ug{ rfxG5g\ <
3_ gofF hLjgsf] axfnL s;/L x'G5 <
ª_ xfdf| ] ¹G8fdf s] s] cªl\ st 5g\ <
r_ xfdL ;a}n] ko| fu] ug{] ;f¹f j:t' s] s] xg' \ <

@= tnsf jfSo 7Ls eP -√_ / a]7Ls eP -x_ lrÅg bp] m M
s_ ‘gk] fn’ sljtf l;l4r/0f >]i7n] n]v]sf xg'  \ .
v_ of] sljtfdf ljbz] sf af/]df aofg ul/Psf] 5 .
u_ ‘dªu\ f]n’ eg]sf gfs r'Rrf] ePsf dfG5] x'g \ .

3_ sljnfO{ cfÇgf] bz] Kof/f] / kljq nfu]sf] 5 . =================

ª_ slj bz] sf] lgldTt sx] L klg ug{ rfxFb}gg\ . =================

r_ xfd|f] ¹G8fdf l;lds| / u/' fF;sf] lrÅg lbOPsf] 5 . =================

#= tnsf sljtfz+ x¿sf] cy{ n]v M
s_ ;xif{ sf6L lz/ g} r9fp“m
of Zjf; hDd} o;d} ld;fpm“  .
v_ xfdf| ] 5 Kof/f] clt k|f0feGbf .
Tof] ;"o{, rGb|fªl\ st nfn ¹G8f

$= tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] pQ/ bp] m M
s_ sljnfO{ bz] k|lt s] s] ug{ dg nfus] f] 5 <
v_ sljsf] cfwf/df g]kfn lsg kljq 5 <
u_ sljn] hftLo Pstfsf] kIfdf s;/L cfjfh p7fPsf 5g\ <
3_ sljtfdf gk] fnsf] ks| l[ tsf] s:tf] lrq ptfl/Psf] 5 <

%= nfdf] pQ/ b]pm M
‘g]kfn’ sljtfn] eGg vf]h]sf] s/' f cfÇg} zAbdf aofg u/ .

l;hg{ f

!= tnsf] sljtf k/" f u/ clg ldNbf] zLif{s /fv M
d klg t 7n" f] eO{ b]zsf] ;fg /fV5'
;Ltf, hgs, es[ 6' L¹F} ================ .

lxdfnsf] r'nL h:t} pRr d]/f] lz/
======================= xF' g]kfnL jL/ .
;a};Fu xftd] fnf] u/L afRF g'k5{ .
==================================== .

gk] fn xf] 3/ d]/f] cfkmF} ;hfpF5'
===================================== .

8 5l/tf] g]kfnL – efu kfFr

ldnLh'nL sfd u/] b]z :ju{ aG5
===================================== .
@= ltdLnfO{ dg k/]sf] s'g} ljifodf sljtf nv] clg sIffdf ;a} ;fyLx¿nfO{ ;g' fpm .

Jofs/0f

!= tnsf] tflnsf Wofg lbP/ k9 M

JolQmjfrs hfltjfrs ;d"xjfrs bJ| ojfrs efjjfrs
kfgL, dfof,
/fd, r/f, le8, bw" , bof,
rfdn, cfgGb,
sf7df8f}F, ufO,{ x'n, df6f] l/;,
O{iof{
jfUdtL, 3/, ¹'Kkf,

d'gfdbg, lstfa, nx/,

;u/dfyf gbL hgtf,

hGtL

@= dfly ! df lbOPsf] tflnsf x/] clg ToxfF gePsf zAbx¿ /fvL tnsf] tflnsf k"/f u/ M

JolQmjfrs hfltjfrs ;dx" jfrs b|Jojfrs efjjfrs

#= dflysf] sljtfaf6 gfd zAbx¿ lrg]/ ltgnfO{ cfÇgf] sfkLdf n]v .

ljzi] f 1fg

g]kfnL ;flxTosf sx] L kl| ;4 sljx¿

efg'eQm cfrfo{ dft] L/fd e6\6 zDe'k;| fb 9'ªU\ ofn nv] gfy kf}8o\ fn
afnsi[ 0f ;d ufk] fnk;| fb l/dfn
ljho dNn ;fd] gfy l;Ub]n nIdLk;| fb bj] sf6] f lbg]z clwsf/L
ljdn lgef >j0f d'sf?ª
kfl/hft e"kL z/] rg

Zofdn /dz] lIflth

5l/tf] gk] fnL – efu kfrF 9

KFF7 nf]ssyf

@ Uff]g' emfsf] vt] L

efOalxgLx¿;Fu †

– ltdLx¿n] /fIf;, bj] Lbj] tf ePsf] syf ;g' s] f 5f} < – syfdf ckTofl/nf s/' fx¿ ;g' s] f 5f} <
– ltdLn] ;'gs] f syfx¿df hgfj/x¿ afn] ]sf] ;g' s] f 5f} < – r/fr?' ª\uL, hgfj/ cflbsf] syf ;'g]sf 5f} <

w]/} klxn]bl] v rngrNtLdf /xs] f cyjf ;'Gb} cfOPsf syfx¿ nfs] syf xg' \ . o:tf syfx¿df ljleGg ljifox¿
;d]l6Psf xG' 5g \ . o:tf syfx¿ ;'Gbf /dfOnf nfU5g \ . nfs] syfx¿ sNkgfdf cfwfl/t x'G5g \ . o:tf] ePsf]
lyof] c/] eGg] zn} Ldf elgg] o:tf syfx¿ eu" fn] , hfthflt tyf wd;{ :+ sl[ tsf cfwf/df km/skm/s xG' 5g \ . gk] fndf
ljleGg 7fpdF f cgs] ks| f/sf nf]ssyfx¿ elgG5g\, ;l' gG5g \ . o:tf syfx¿n] xfdf| ] ;+:sl[ tsf] ;/+ If0f u5{g \ .
ufg] ' ¹f gk] fnsf] t/fO{ Ifq] df kr| lnt JolQm xg'  \ . lognfO{ gfos agfP/ o; Ifq] df cgs] ks| f/sf syfx¿ ags] f
5g\ . ufg] ' ¹fnfO{ cToGt a'l4dfgL tyf rt'/ kfqsf] ¿kdf syfx¿df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . ‘ufg] ' ¹fsf] vt] L’
syfdf uf]g'n] cfÇgf] rnfvLåf/f rf]/x¿åf/f sfd lnPsf] / cflv/ ltg} rf/] x¿sf] ;j{gfz u/s] f] k;| Í pNn]v
ePsf] 5 . /f]rs kf/fdf tof/ kfl/Psf] tnsf] syf Wofg lbP/ k9 M

!= Ps lbg ufg] ' ¹fn] cfÇgL :qL;u“ vt] L ug{] OR5f
k|s6 u¥of] . o;} avt p;sL :qLn] egL–
æof] t c;Dej 5 lsgeg] tkfO+;{ u“ v]t g}
5g}  .Æ

@= ufg] ' ¹fn] eGof,] ædgi' ox¿ a§fO{ ubg{} g\ / <
xfdL klg a§fO{ u5f}F{ .Æ

#= o;kl5 p;sL :qLn] kml] / egL,æv]t eP/ s]
g} xfn] f† lsgeg] tkfOs{+ f ;fydf g xnf] 5
g aon 5† o:tf] kl/l:yltdf vt] sf] sfd ug{ Psbd c;Dej 5 .Æ

$= ufg] ' ¹fn] eGof,] æof] ltdL s] eG5o\ f} < xfdL vt] L ug{ ofU] o 5f F} . dnfO{ t vfnL vt] kfpgsf] g}
h?/t 5 .Æ

a§fO{ M clwofF, a6}of, hUufsf] pAhgL hUufwgL / c;Dej M ;Dej gePsf], k/" f ug{ jf Jojxf/df ptfg{
df]xLsf aLrdf af8F \g] sfd g;lsg]

aon M uf]?

10 5l/tf] g]kfnL – efu kfFr

%= o;kl5 ‘sx] L a]/df d km]l/ cfp“5’' egL uf]g' ¹f hldgbf/sxf“ a§fO{sf lgldQ hldg dfUg
uof ] .

^= uf]g' ¹fn] hldgbf/sf cufl8 cfÇgf] dgfe] fjgf k|s6 u¥of ] . of] ;'Gg]lalQs} hldgbf/ ;fx]a
xf“ :g yfNof] . To;kl5 p;n] eGof],æx] ufg] ' ¹f, ltdL slxnb] ]lv vt] Ljfn aGg nfUof} <Æ

&= æxf]Og–xfO] g, o;k6s xfdL cjZo
v]tL u5f }F{ .Æ ufg] ' ¹fn] eGof ] .

*= hldgbf/n] eGof,] æolb ltdL olt
pT;s' 5f} eg] hfpm, 7fs/' jfnf;u“
cf7 la3f hldg 5, ToxL hldg
hft]  .Æ

(= o;kl5 uf]g' ¹f Pp6f sfb] fnL /
;fdfgx¿ lnP/ cfÇgf] 3/ kmls{of] /
cfÇgL :qL;“u eGof,] ædnfO{ a§fO{df
vt] ldNof ] . cfh ;a]/} vfgf tof/ ul/b]pm . d vfgf vfP/ Psl5g cf/fd u/L v]tL ug{
hfG5' .Æ

!)= ufg] ' ¹f vfgf vfP/ ;'Tof ] . /ftsf] afx| ah] p7o\ f] / sfb] fnL lnP/ v]tL ug{ uof ] . Toxf“
p;n] v]tsf] aLraf6 g} vGg ;'? u¥of ] . Psl5gkl5 p;n] af“¹f] v]tsf] cufl8 ?vsf]
afof“k6l\ 6af6 krf;f}F dflg;x¿ cfPsf] bV] of ] . uf]g' ¹fnfO{ pgLx¿ rf]/ x'g\ eGg] zª\sf
nfUof] clg pm pgLx¿n] bV] g] u/L hf]8–hf8] l;t vGg yfNof,] ta rf/] x¿ glhs cfP/ pm;u“
;fW] g yfn], æufg] ' afa', uf]g' afa' ¤ tkfO+{ lsg o;/L PSn} o:tf] s7f]/ ldlxgt] ul//xgx' 'G5 <Æ

!!= ufg] ' ¹fn] eGof], æof] s'/f a¹' /] ltdLx¿ s] u/fn} f<Æ

!@= of] ;'Ggl] alQs} rf]/x¿sf] pTs07f ¹g\ a9\of] / ltgLx¿n] kml] / ;fw] ], æuf]g' afa', tkfO{n+ ] t
eGgk} 5 { .Æ

!#= lh2L u/]kl5 uf]g' ¹fn] eGof], æta ;'g ¤ lxhf] ;kgfdf dnfO{ eujtLn] eGge' of] ls hldgbf/
;fxa] sf] cf7 la3f a“f¹f] hldgdf gf} 38f c;kmL{ ufl8Psf] 5 . oxL sf/0fn] d olt kl/>d
ub}{ 5' . olb o;af6 cfwf dfq kfOof] eg] klg hLjg ;v' k"js{ laT5 .Æ

hldgbf/ M w/] } hldgsf] dflns pTs07f M lh1f;f, v'nbn' L, dgleq x'g] ps';ds' ';
dgf]efjgf M dgsf] efjgf, leqL clekf| o jf ljrf/ lh2L M cfk"mn] eg]h:tf] jf rfxh] :tf] ug{ u/fpgsf
;fxa] M 7"nfa8fnfO{ ;Ddfg jf ;Daf]wg ubf{ elgg]
nflu lbOg] bafa, l9kL
zAb, :jfdL, dflns 38f M lx8F g\ ] a]nfdf 3/sf] 9f]sfdf /flvg] ufuf| ], 3}F6f]
v]tLjfn M v]tL ug{] JolQm, ls;fg
pT;s' M sfd ug{ OR5's, s'g} sfdkl| t rf;f] bv] fpg] jf snz
afofF M b]a]| c;kmL{ M ;'gsf] ?lkofF
;'vkj" {s M cfgGbn,] ;v' ;Fu

5l/tf] g]kfnL – efu kfFr 11

!$= of] ;G' g]lalQs} rf/] x¿sf] lhpaf6 kl;gf cfpg yfNof] . ltgLx¿n] km]l/ pml;t eg]–
æxfdLx¿nfO{ klg vGg lbgx' f];\ .Æ

!%= ufg] ' ¹fn] hjfkm lbof–] æltdLx¿nfO{ klg lbg' / ¤Æ uf]g' ¹fn] vGg lbg cGsgfP h:tf] u¥of ] .
To;n] kml] / eGof], æltdLx¿ t rf/] xf} ¤Æ

!^= w/] } v;' fdb u/k] l5 p;n] pgLx¿nfO{ klg vt] vGg lbg dGh/' u¥of ] . o;sf nflu p;n] Pp6f
;t{ /fVof ] . Tof] ;t{cg';f/ – olb ;g' sf 38fx¿ e]l6Pdf rf/] x¿ / ufg] ' ¹fsf aLrdf cfwf–
cfwf afF8g\ 'kg]{ eof ] . pgLx¿ ;a}n] v]t vGg dGh/' u/ ] . ha ltgLx¿n] Ps rfl] 6 ;a} v]t
vlg;s] ta c;kmLs{ f 38fx¿ gkfP/ lg/fz eO{ ufg] ' ¹fl;t ;f]w], ævfO] sxf“ 5 c;kmLs{ f]
38f <Æ

!&= uf]g' ¹fn] æw/] } ;do cufl8 uf8]sf,] To;sf/0f w]/} leq xf]nfÆ eg]/ hjfkm lbof] .

!*= ltgLx¿ kml] / vGg yfn ] . bO' { rf]l6 vlg;s]kl5 klg kfPgg\ / ltgLx¿n] ;D¹] æof] ufg] ' ¹fsf]
rnfvL xf], p;n] of] vt] df s'g} g sg' } cgfh nufOxfN5 .Æ o:tf] ;fr] ]/ Tof] km;n p;sf] x'g
glbg ltgLx¿n] cfkm}F sf6/] nh} fg] ljrf/ u//] tL rf/] x¿ Toxfa“ f6 lx8“ ] .

!(= ptf ufg] ' afa' hldgbf/sxf“ uof] / eGof,] æd}n] ;a} vt] hf]lt;s ]F . ca ux's“ f] lap
lbg'xf;]  \ .Æ

@)= of] ;'g/] hldgbf/ cToGt cfZro{rlst eof ] . kl5 p;n] ;a} s'/f yfxf kfof ] . uf]g' ¹fn] lap
NofP/ ;a} v]tdf lap 5/L cfafb ul/lbof] . ;docg';f/ qmd};“u ux'F a9\b} uof]† afnL sf6\g]
a]nf klg eof ] .

@!= uf]g' ¹f cl3sf rf]/x¿sf] 8/n] ubf{ x/avt x]/rfx ul//xGYof] . /flt v]t glhs} ?vdf
a:bYof] . Ps /ft rf]/x¿ ux“' sf6\gsf
lgldQ v]tdf cfP . ha ltgLx¿n] ux“'
sf6/] ef/L dfq s] agfPsf lyP† ufg] ' ¹f
?vaf6 s/fof,] æcf] ;fyL xf], d klg cfPF
x} ¤Æ

@@= of] ;G' gl] alTts} tL rf/] x¿ ux“s' f] ef/L
5f]8]/ efu] lsgeg] ltgLx¿n] of] ;D¹] ls
uf]g' afa'x¿ klg w/] } ;ªV\ ofdf 5g\ .

cGsgfP h:tf] M g6]/s] f] h:tf,] gdfg]sf] h:tf,] c:jLsf/ rnfvL M rt¥' ofOF, a7o\ fOF
u/]¹}F km;n M vt] af/Ldf xg' ] pAhgL, cGgafnL
cfafb M vghft] ul/Psf], vt] LofU] o
v;' fdb M v';L kfg{ ul/g] ¹6' f] k|z+;f, rfs8L
cgfh M cGgafnL, vfBfGg

12 5l/tf] g]kfnL – efu kfrF

@#= pHofnf] ePkl5 uf]g' afa' hldgbf/;“u uf8f dfu/] ux“' lng uof] . p;n] Tof] ux“' hldgbf/sxf“
nuL cfÇgf] efu lnP/ 3/ uof] .

@$= Ps /ft pg} rf/] x¿ kml] / ux'“ rfg] { uf]g' ¹fsf] 3/df uP/ leTtf kmfg] { yfn ] . olQs}df ufg] '
¹f klg rf]/ cfPsf] yfxf kfO{ xftdf 5/' L lnP/ ToxL leTtfsf] glhs n'Sof] hxf“ tL rf/] x¿
leTtf kmfl] //xs] f lyP . ha leTtf kmf]/L rf/] x¿ Ps–Ps u/]/ 3/leq k:g ;?' u/] ta ufg] '
¹fn] klg x/s] rf]/sf] gfs sf6\g ;?' u¥of ] . h;sf] gfs sfl6Psf] lyof] Tof] Oi{ of{sf sf/0fn]
afN] bg} Yof] tfls csf{sf] klg gfs sfl6of;]  \ . o;k|sf/ ufg] ' ¹fn] ;as} f] gfs Ps–Ps u/L
sfl6lbof] . ca ufg] ' ¹fn] ;Dˆof] ls sf]xL klg af“ sL 5}g . olt ljrf/ u/L t'?Gt pm csf{]
3/df uof] hxf“ p;sL :qL ;t' ]sL lyO{ .

@%= Toxf“ uP/ ufg] ' ¹fn] p;sL :qLsf] sfgdf of] s/' f rf/] x¿n] klg ;'Gg] u/L eGof–] æltdLn] Tof]
k|;fb sxf“ /fv]sL 5f} hg' vfgfn] gfs gePsf] dflg;sf] gfs kml] / tof/ x'G5 .Æ

@^= p;sL :qLn] egL–ælsg < s] sfd 5 < Tof] t d}n] blIf0f dfx] 8fsf] 3/df /fvs] L 5' .Æ

@&= æ7Ls} u¥of } .Æuf]g' ¹fn] eGof } .

@*= ptf ha rf]/x¿n] of] s'/f ;'g,] t?' Gt Tof] 3/df uP/ Tof] k;| fb vfg nfu] . k|;fb vfPkl5 tL
rf/] x¿ ;an} ] ToxLF odk'/Lsf] af6f] ttfP . lsgeg] p;n] To;df ljif ld;fP/ /fvs] f] lyof] .

@(= ha pHofnf] x'g Ps–bO' { 306f a“fsL lyof,] p;} ;dodf ufg] ' ¹fn] csf{] 3/df uP/ x¥] of] hxf“
k;| fb /flvPsf] lyof ] . p;n] b]Vof–] ;a} hgf rf]/x¿ dl/;ss] f lyP .

O{iof { M csf{sf] k|ult bv] ]/ dgdf pTkGg xg' ] 8fxf odk/' L M od/fh a:g] ;x/, odnf]s, dT[ o'nfs]
dfx] 8f M sg' } j:t', 3/ cflbsf] cl3Nnf] efu, d'v

cEof;

zAb 1fg

!= tnsf zAbx¿ z4' ;uF pRrf/0f u/ M
zªs\ f, ;ªV\ of, cfZro{, lh2L, cToGt, :qL
@= tnsf zAbsf] ljk/Lt cy{ lbg] zAb nv] M
c;Dej, af¹F f,] s7f/] , glhs, ljif, rf]/

5l/tf] g]kfnL – efu kfrF 13

#= tnsf zAbsf] cy{ n]v M
pT;s' , hldgbf/, c;kmL,{ x/avt, O{iof{, km;n

$= z4' kf//] ;f/ M

lt rf/] x¿ ux"sf] efl/ 5f]8]/ efUu] lsgeg] lltgx¿n] of] ;D¹] sL ufg] ' afax" ¿ klg w/] }
;+Vofdf 5 .

%= ‘ufg] ' ¹fsf] vt] L’ syfaf6 ‘o’ / ‘P’sf] ko| fu] ePsf kfFrkfFr zAbx¿ vf]h]/ nv]  .

^= cy{ v'Ng] u/L jfSodf k|ofu] u/ M
km]l/, v]t, lsgeg,] /, kl/>d, ldlxgt]

&= tnsf zAb / cys{ f aLrdf hf8] f ldnfpm M

cfafb cGgafnL
odk'/L v'nb'nL
df]x8f ls;fg
cgfh dgsf] efjgf
rnfvL od/fh a:g] ;x/
dgfe] fjgf cl3Nnf] efu
pTs07f a7o\ fOF
vt] Ljfn vt] LofU] o

k7g af]w

! tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] Ps Ps jSodf pQ/ bp] m M
s_ Ps lbg uf]g' ¹fn] cfÇgL :qL;Fu s:tf] OR5f /fVof] <
v_ ufg] ' ¹f lsg hldgbf/ sxfF uof] <
u_ rf]/x¿n] lsg v]t vGg] OR5f /fv] <
3_ rf/] x¿ lsg lg/fz eP <
ª_ rf/] x¿n] ufg] ' ¹fsf] 3/df cfP/ s] u/] <
r_ rf/] x¿ lsg dfl/P <
5_ hldgbf/ lsg cfZro{rlst eof] <

@= tnsf jfSox¿ 7Ls eP -á_ / a]7Ls eP -â_ lrÅg b]pm M
s_ ‘uf]g' ¹fsf] v]tL’ syfsf] ljifo rn] La]6L ar] lavgdf cfwfl/t 5 . ===============

14 5l/tf] g]kfnL – efu kfFr

v_ uf]gn' ] hldgbf/;uF a§fOs{ f nflu hldg dfUof] . ===============
u_ ufg] 'n] ;a} vt] rf/] x¿åf/f vgfof ] . ===============
3_ rf]/x¿ ufg] e' Gbf rnfv lyP . ===============
ª_ ufg] ' ¹f cToGt ldlxg]tL lyof ] . ===============

#= tnsf egfO s–s;sf xg' \ < dflysf] syf k9/] kQf nufpm M
s_ of] t c;Dej 5 lsgeg] tkfO;+{ uF v]t g} 5g}  .
v_ x] ufg] ' ¹f, ltdL slxnb] l] v vt] Ljfn aGg nfUof} <
u_ xfdLx¿nfO{ klg vGg lbgx' f;]  \ .
3_ cf] ;fyL xf], d klg cfPF x } .
ª_ lsg < s] sfd 5 < Tof] t d}n] blIf0f df]x8f ePsf] 3/df /fvs] L 5' .

$= tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] pQ/ n]v M
s_ ufg] ' ¹fn] s:tf] h'lQm nufP/ vt] L u¥of] <
v_ ufg] ' ¹f s:tf] rl/q ePsf] dflg; xf] <
u_ rf/] x¿n] uf]g' ¹fsf] vt] Ldf s:tf] ;xofu] k¥' ofP <
3_ ‘uf]g' ¹fsf] v]tL’ syf k9]/ s] lzIff kfof} <

%= nfdf] pQ/ n]v M
s_ uf]g' ¹fn] s;/L v]tL klg u¥of] / rf/] x¿nfO{ klg df¥of] < syfsf] cfwf/df nv]  .
v_ ‘hl' Qma'l4n] dflg;nfO{ c;Dej sfo{ klg ;Dej tN' ofp5F ’ eGg] s'/f syfsf] cfwf/df

:ki6 kf/ .

l;h{gf

!= tn lbOPsf] hfgsf/Lsf] cfwf/df Pp6f syf nv] ]/ zLifs{ klg /fv M
Ps hgf Jofkf/Ln] afbF / kfNg' ========== afbF /n] Jofkf/Lsf] ;]jf ug'{ ========== Jofkf/L ;T' g'

========== afFb/n] kª\vf xDsfpg] sfd ug'{ ========== Jofkf/Lsf] gfsdf l¹+uF f a:g' ==========
afFb/n] l¹Fuf] wkfpg' ========== w]/} k6s l¹uF f] wkfPkl5 afbF /nfO{ l¹Fufbl] v l/; p7\g' ==========
glhss} f] t/af/n] l¹uF fnfO{ xfGg' ========== l¹uF f] p8g\ ' ========== Jofkf/Lsf] gfs sfl6g ' .

@= cleefjsaf6 ;'g]/, k':tsdf k9]/ jf c¿ s'g} dfWodaf6 cfk"mn] hfg]sf] Pp6f nf]ssyf
n]v]/ lzIfsnfO{ b]vfpm .

5l/tf] gk] fnL – efu kfFr 15

Jofs/0f

!= gfdsf] ;§fdf ko| f]u eP/ gfdn] ug]{ sfd ug{ cfpg] zAbnfO{ ;j{gfd elgG5 . d, xfdL, t“,
ltdL, ltdLx¿,tkfO{,+ pm, pgL, pgLx¿, of], Tof,] oL, tL, sf,] sg' cflb ;jg{ fd x'g \ .

@= tnsf] vfnL 7fp“df ldNbf] ;jg{ fd zAb /fv M
========================= syf ;g' fp“5' . ========================= syf ;g' fp“5f} .
========================= syf ;'gfp5“ ;\ . ========================= syf ;g' fp5“ f} “ .
========================= syf ;'gfpgx' G' 5 . ========================= syf ;'gfpg'x'G5 .
========================= syf ;'gfp“l5g \ . ========================= syf ;'gfp“5g\ .

#= dflysf] syfaf6 ;j{gfd zAbx¿ vf]h/] cfÇgf] sfkLdf nv]  .

ljz]if 1fg

sx] L k|l;4 nf]ssyf;ª\ux| / ;ª\snsx¿

g]kfnL bGTosyf – af]wljqmd clwsf/L

g]kfnsf] nfs] syf;ªu\ x| – s?0ffs/ jB}

g]kfnL bGTosyf;ª\ux| – s?0ffs/ j}B

xfd|f] nfs] syf – nLnfl;+x sdf{

sfnL gfu / /fhs'df/ – 8f= df]tLnfn k/fh'nL

g]kfnL nfs] syf ;Fufnf ] – /fdljqmd l;hfklt

c?0f pkTosfsf nf]ssyf – dfts[ f ltlD;gf

yf¿ nf]ssyf – si[ 0f/fh ;jx{ f/L

16 5l/tf] g]kfnL – efu kfrF

KFF7 lgaGw

# uf}/f kj{

efOalxgLx¿;Fu †

– ltdL s] s:tf rf8kjx{ ¿ dgfp5F f} < – gk] fnsf kd| v' rf8kjx{ ¿ s] s] xg' \ <

– ltdf| ] ;db' fodf sg' kj{ ljzi] f ¿kdf dgfOG5 < – xfdL rf8kjx{ ¿ lsg dgfp5F fF} <

g]kfndf w]/} hfthfltsf dflg;x¿ a:5g\ . pgLx¿sf] cfcfÇg} wd{ ;+:s[lt, /Lltl/jfh tyf k/Dk/fx¿
5g\ . g]kfnsf] lxdfn, kxf8 tyf t/fO{df cgs] y/L rf8kjx{ ¿ dgfOG5g\ . o:tf rf8kj{x¿ xfdf| ] ;:+ s[ltsf
cleGg cª\u xg' \ . b]zdf dgfOg] o:tf rf8kj{x¿sf] af/]df ;a}df hfgsf/L x'g' cfjZos 5 . xfdLn] xfd|f]
;+:s[ltsf] ;+/If0f ug'{k5{ . cfÇgf] ;:+ sl[ tsf] af/d] f hfgsf/L lng' tyf To;sf] hu]gf{ ug'{ xfdf| ] stJ{ o klg xf] .

o; kf7df g]kfnL ;:+ sl[ tsf] dxŒjk0" f{ cªu\ sf] ¿kdf /x]sf] uf}/f kj{sf] af/]df hfgsf/L lbOPsf] 5 . gk] fnsf]
af/f If]q tyf ;b' /" klZrdf~rndf cToGt xiffN{] nf;sf ;fy dgfOg] uf/} f kj{ gk] fnsf] ljlzi6 ;f+:sl[ ts ;Dkbf
xf] . of] kj{ slxn] / s;/L dgfOG5 eGg] aˆ' g tnsf] lgaGw Wofg lbP/ k9 M

!= gk] fn cg]s hfthfltsf] a;f]jf; /x]sf] ;G' b/ bz] xf ] . oxfF ljleGg hfthfltsf dflg;x¿sf
aLrdf cfk;L dn] ldnfk /xs] f] 5 . oxfsF f lxdfn, kxf8, t/fO{ tyf pkTosfsf ljleGg
7fpFx¿df a;fj] f; ug{] dflg;x¿sf] cfcfÇg} /xg;xg tyf hLjgk4lt /x]sf] 5 . gk] fnLx¿
ljleGg ks| f/sf ;+:sf/ / ;:+ sl[ t dfGb5g\ . ef}uf]lns cjl:ylt, hfltut ljljwtf, wflds{
cf:yf cflbsf cfwf/df gk] fnLx¿n] dfGg] rf8kjx{ ¿ klg cgs] ks| f/sf 5g\ . gk] fnsf
wflds{ ;f:+ sl[ ts kjx{ ¿dWo] Ps kj{ xf], uf/} f kj{ .

@= uf/} f kj{ vf;u/L klZrd gk] fndf dgfOg] eP klg bz] sf ljleGg efudf cToGt pT;fxsf ;fy
dgfOG5 . ;'b"/ klZrddf cToGt pT;fxsf ;fy dgfOg] uf/} f kjs{ f] kvfO{ df s6] fs6] L, dlxnf
tyf j4[ x¿ klg ebf} nfub] l] v pT;s' eP/ a;s] f xG' 5g \ . af| Åd0f, If]qL tyf hghfltx¿n]
dgfpg] of] kj{ ltlysf lx;fan] bj' } kIfdf kg{ ;Qm5 . si[ 0fkIfdf k/s] f] uf/} fnfO{ cwF ]/L uf}/f
/ z'SnkIfdf k/s] fn] fO{ pHofnL uf/} f elgG5 .

cjl:ylt M s'g} :yfg jf jftfj/0fsf] jt{dfg cj:yf ;'b/" M w]/} 6f9fsf], Hofb} k/sf]
hLjgk4lt M hLjgz}nL si[ 0fkIf M cFw/] L /ft x'g] kIf
ljljwtf M ljleGgtf, cgs] tf, km/s, leGg z'SnkIf M h'g]nL /ft xg' ] kIf

5l/tf] gk] fnL – efu kfFr 17

#= ;'b/" klZrddf ljjflxtf, cljjflxt tyf ljwj' fx¿n]
;d]t of] kj{ dgfpF5g \ . ljjflxtf dlxnfx¿ kltsf]
ku| lt / bL3fo{ s" f] sfdgf ub}{ jt| a:5g\ eg]
ljwj' fx¿ kltsf] ;bu\ ltsf] sfdgf u5{g\ . s'df/L
s]6Lx¿ c;n j/ kfOof];\ eGg] sfdgfsf ;fy of]
j|t ub5{ g\ . kj" d{ f yf¿ ;db' fodf dgfOg] of] kj{
;b' "/ klZrddf eg] hghflt tyf tfufwf/Ln] klg
dgfp“5g \ . k"jd{ f ltxf/sf] uf]jw{g kh" fb]lv cf/De x'g] of] kj{ klZrddf eg] ebfs} f] k|ltkbf
ltlyaf6 ;?' x'G5 . oxfF uf}/f k"hf ul/g] ljz]if:yfg uf}/f3/sf] ¿kdf /x]sf] xG' 5 . k~rdLsf]
lbgdf uf}/fnfO{ uf}/f3/df afhfufhf;lxt leœofOG5 . la?8f lehfOg] k~rdL ePsfn] uf/} f
leœofOg] o; lbgnfO{ ‘la?8f k~rdL’ elgG5 . of] lbg j|tfn' dlxnfx¿ % y/L cGg df;,
s]/fp, uxt, ux'“ / u/' f“; Ps} 7fpdF f ld;fP/ lehfpF5g\ . o;/L ld;fOPsf] kfFr y/L cGgsf]
ld>0fnfO{ g} la?8f elgG5 .

$= la?8f k~rdLs} lbg kh' f/Ln] kfrF y/L jg:kltx¿ – sz' , sf;F , ckfdfu,{ ;fpF / lttk] ftLn]
uf}/fb]jLsf] :j¿k agfpF5g\ / s;}n] gb]Vg] kljq 7fpd“ f -v]tsf] u/fsf] aLr jf ¹f8Ldf_
ns' fP/ kms{G5g \ . o;/L ns' fOPsf] uf/} fbj] Lsf] :j¿knfO{ nfU] g] dflg; uO{ vf]H5g \ .
an] 'sf;Dd vfH] bf klg kQf nfu]g eg] e]6L r9fO{ kh' f/Lsf] cfbz] cg;' f/ ns' fP/ /flvPsf]
7fpaF f6 uf/} fnfO{ 8fn] Ldf /fvL afhf ahfO{ uf/} f3/df leœofOG5 .

%= ef]lnkN6 cyft{ \ ifi7Ldf jt| fn'x¿ glhs}sf] hnfzodf uO{ uf/} fsf] ‘kmfu’ ufpFb} la?8f
kvfN5g \ . b;dF} f hd/f /fv] h;/L g} la?8f pdfl/G5 clg o;}n] dftf uf/} Lsf] k"hf ul/G5
/ d'Vo k;| fb dfgL u|x0f ul/G5 . kj{sf] cjlwe/ jt| fn'x¿ lbgl} kR5] elQmefjn] uf}/fb]jLsf]
k"hf u5{g \ . pgLx¿ ehgsLtg{ tyf gfrufg u//] cToGt /dfOnf] ub5{ g \ . ci6dL ltlynfO{
uf/} f b]jLsf] dV' o lbg dflgG5 . To;} lbg b]jLsf] ljz]if kh" f x'G5 . of] uf}/f lj;h{gsf] lbg klg
xf] . uf/} f kjs{ f] cf/De ePkl5 olb ufp“df clko| 36gf -s;}sf] d[To' cflb_ eof] eg] z4'
geO{ uf/} f lj;hg{ gug{] rng klg /x]sf] 5 .

ljjflxtf M ljjfx ePsL :qL j|tfn' M j|tfn,' j|t a:g], kh" fcfhf cflbdf gvfOsg
cljjflxt M ljjfx gePsf] a:g] JolQm
ljw'jf M klt d/]sL :qL
bL3fo{ ' M nfdf] cfo' ePsf] elQmefj M elQmsf] efjgf, cfb/, ;Ddfg
;b\ult M d/s] f] dfG5s] f] ljlwkj" {s ul/g] bfx;:+ sf/ la?8f M df;, s]/fp, uxt, ux'F / u/' fF; ld;fOPsf]
hghflt M cflys{ l:ylt lzIff, cj;/ cflbsf bl[ i6n]
ld>0f
lk5l8Psf] hflt hnfzo M kfv] /L, kfgLsf] s'08
tfufwf/L M hg} nufpg] ju{ ux| 0f M lng] sfd, :jLsf/
uf]jwg{ kh" f M uf]? ltxf/ lj;h{g M kh" fsf] km" n, k|;fb cflb ;n] fpg] sfd
kl| tkbf M z'Sn jf s[i0fkIfsf] klxnf] ltly clko| 36gf M dg gkg]{ 36gf

18 5l/tf] gk] fnL – efu kfrF

^= uf}/f ;n] fP/ k"hf lj;hg{ ul/g] o; kj{df uf}/f 3/df leœofOPsL bj] LnfO{ st} 8f]nLdf t
st} 8fnfdf /fv/] afhfufhf, dª\un w"g / dfun;lxt km" nkftL r9fp“b} kljq hnfZfo jf
?vsf xfFufdf /fvL labfO ul/G5 . bj] LnfO{ r9fPsf] kmnkm" n ToxL lbg ;kmf sk8fdf /fvL
bO' { hgfn] cfsfzlt/ xT' ofOG5 . o;/L dfly pkmfl/Psf kmnkm" n kqmg >4fnx' ¿sf] eL8
nfUg] u5 { . o;/L e]§fPsf] kmnsf] cfwf/df k|fKt ugs]{ f] efUosf] rrf{ xG' 5 . /fdf| ] kmn kfP
jif{ lbg;Dd kh" fsf7] fdf /fVg] rng klg /xs] f] 5 . uf}/f kh" fdf sfd ljz]ifn] 3/df g/xs] f
jf cGo 7fpdF f /xs] f cfkmGtx¿nfO{ k|;fbsf] ¿kdf la?8f k7fpg] ul/G5 .

&= crn] zflGt / ;be\ fjsf] kt| Lssf] ¿kdf uf}/f kjs{ f] bz] JofkL kr| f/ xbF' } uPsf] kfOG5 .
gk] fndf dfq geP/ blIf0f ef/tsf s'dfp, u9jfndf klg of] kj{ dgfOG5 . gk] fnd} klg
ljleGg ee" fudf uf/} f kj{ dfGg] cfcfÇg} tl/sf 5g\ . b;}dF f h:t} hd/f /fVg] lkª vN] g], cfÇgf]
Ifdtfcg;' f/sf] vfglkg ug{], gof“ nu' f nufpg,] 3/ lnkkft] u/L ;kmf agfpg] h:tf k/Dk/f
uf/} f kjs{ f ljz]iftfsf ¿kdf /x]sf 5g \ .

*= ;'b"/ klZrddf h:t} af/f If]qdf klg uf}/f kj{ dflgG5 . o; If]qdf uf}/f kjgLsf ¿kdf
ljz]if u/L yf? lszf/] Lx¿n] pNnf;sf ;fy of] kj{ dgfpF5g\ . ltxf/sf] ufj] w{g kh" fsf]
lbgbl] v ;'? xg' ] of] kj{ kl" 0f{dfsf] lbg ;DkGg x'G5 . uf/} f kjn{ fO{ wflds{ cf:yf;Fu hf]l8Psf]
5 . ;To o'udf lxdfno kq' L kfjt{ Ln] dxfbj] klt kfpgsf nflu u/s] f] tk:of kmlnt ePsf]
ljZjf;sf ;fy of] kj{ dgfOG5 . of] kjd{ f pg} bj] L uf/} L cyft{ \ kfjt{ Lsf] kh" f crg{ f ul/G5 .
cljjflxt y?gLx¿n] clgjfo{ ¿kdf dgfpg] of] kj{ sx] L ljjflxtf y?gLx¿n] klg dgfpF5g\ .
cljjflxtfn] of]Uo j/sf] sfdgf u/]/ dgfpF5g\ eg] ljjflxtfn] kltsf] ;:' jf:Yo / bL3fo{ 'sf]
sfdgf ub{} jt| a:5g \ .

(= uf}/f kj{ dgfpg] j|tfn'sf] 3/sf] cfuF gdf j|tfn'sf ;xf]b/ bfhe' fO cyjf dfdfn] hf8] -±_
cfsf/sf] ;fgf] kf]v/L agfOlbG5g\ . pQm kfv] /Lsf] rf/j6} s'gfdf df6fsf] ;;fgf] esf/L
agfOG5 eg] To;sf] dWoefudf lzjlnÍ lgdf{0f ul/G5 . kj{sf] klxnf] lbg rf/j6} esf/Ldf
hf}, v;] /L, s/] fp, ux',“ as'Nnf, d';/' f] ;dt] sf] ld>0f /fVb5g \ . j|tfn' lszf]/L tyf dlxnfx¿
j|tsf] cjlwe/ bl} gs laxfg g'xfO{ afR5Lsf] ufa] / e'OFdf v:g glbO{ xftdf yfkL kfv] /Ldf
lnkkf]t ub5{ g \ . kfv] /Lsf] aLrdf agfOPsf] lznlnÍsf] kh" f cr{gf u/]/ kxnF] f] sk8fn] a]/L
cfÇgf] 3/leq ufK] o 7fpd“ f n'sfP/ /fVb5g \ . kjs{ f] cjlwdf o;/L n'sfOPsf] lzjlnÍ kh" f
ubf{ jf cGo ;dodf ;d]t c¿ s;}n] xg] { gx'g] / x]/]df ckzsg' xg' ] dfGotf /x]sf] kfOG5 .

dª\un w"g M ze' sfo{df ahfOg] wg" ;b\efj M c;n efjgf
dfun M Ps k|sf/sf] wfld{s uLt ld>0f M ljleGg j:t' ld;fP/ agfOPsf]
>4fn ' M O{Zj/k|lt >4f hgfpg] JolQm ckzs'g M g/fd|f] 36gf x'g] nIf0f, ;ªs\ t]

5l/tf] g]kfnL – efu kfrF 19

!)= uf/} f kj{el/ jt| fnx' ¿ bl} gs tf]/Lsf] t]ndf lbof] afn]/ lzjsf] k"hf u5g{  \ . uf}/f kjgL kjs{ f]
ky| d / clGtd lbg ‘auo] f’ -uxs'“ f] lk7fa] f6 agfOg] ljzi] f kl/sf/_ cTofjZos dflgG5 . auo] f
ljleGg kzk' G5L, hgfj/, dflg; cflbsf] cfsl[ tdf agfOG5 . uf}/f kjd{ f au]of clgjfo{
¿kdf r9fpg'kg{] dfGotf 5 . o;/L r9fOPsf] au]of 3/, 5/l5ds] sf anaflnsfn] n6' ]/
vfg] rng;d]t /x]sf] kfOG5 . kjs{ f] clGtd lbg cfcfÇgf] kf]v/Ldf lzjlnÍ ;n] fPkl5 uf}/f
kj{ ;DkGg x'G5 . o;} lbg kf]v/Lsf] rf/} s'gfdf agfOPsf esf/Lleq /flvPsf ;ft ks| f/sf
cGgsf pld|Psf kfnj' f ufO{sf] afR5LnfO{ v'jfOG5 .

!!= ;f:+ s[lts ljljwtf ePsf] gk] fnsf] yf¿ ;d'bfo tyf klZrd gk] fnsf hgtfsf] dfq kj{
geP/ uf}/f g]kfnL ;+:sl[ tsf] Pp6f dxŒjk0" f{ kf6f] xf] . o:tf ;+:sf/ tyf ;:+ s[ltx¿n] g}
xfdLnfO{ ljZjdf¹ cnu klxrfg lbPsf 5g \ . xfdLn] cfÇgf] eg/] ljZjnfO{ bv] fpg] s/' f egs] }
xfdf| ;f:+ s[lts w/fx] /x¿ xg'  \ . To;n} ] o:tf w/f]x/x¿sf] ;+/If0f ug{'† Jojl:yt / dof{lbt
agfpg' klg xfd|} stJ{ o xf ] . o;f] x'g;s] xfdf| ] ;:+ s[lt ou' fF;} Dd hLljt /xG5 . ;:+ s[lt hLljt
/Åof] eg] xfdf| ] :jfledfg tyf klxrfg klg pRr /lx/xG5 .

cTofjZos M clt cfjZos Jojl:yt M Joj:yf ldnfOPsf]
lzjlnÍ M lzjsf] dl" t{ dofl{ bt M OHht jf dofb{ fdf /x]sf]

20 5l/tf] gk] fnL – efu kfrF

cEof;

zAb 1fg

!= tnsf zAbx¿ z4' ;Fu pRrf/0f u/ M
j[4, a;fj] f;, k~rdL, bL3fo{ ', ;:+ sl[ t, Jojl:yt, ifi7L, s[i0fkIf, cToGt, jt| fn'

@= jfSodf k|of]u u/ M
dxŒjk0" f{, wfld{s, cfcfÇgf,] k/Dk/f, hnfzo, kljq, 5/l5ds] , ljjflxtf

#= tnsf zAbx¿sf] cy{ n]v M
w/f]x/, ckzsg' , auo] f, ;xfb] /, lj;hg{ ,dfun, ;'b/"

$= tnsf zAbsf] ljk/Lt cy{ lbg] zAb nv] M
;'?, d]nldnfk, ljjflxtf, klZrd, hLljt, ;To

%= z4' kf//] ;f/ M
s_ up/f ka{ wfdLs{ cf:7f;Fu hfl] 8osf] 5 .
v_ Pxf jLleGg hf6hftLsf dflgzx¿sf aLrdf cfkl; d]ndLnfk /x]sf] 5 .

^= tnsf zAb / cys{ f aLrdf hf]8f ldnfpm M

klxrfg kh" fsf] k"mn, k|;fb cflb ;n] fpg] sfd

cljjflxt hg} nufpg] ju{

cfsl[ t OZ{ j/k|lt >4fefj ks| 6 ug{]

:jfledfg dof{bfleq /x]sf]

>4fn ' cfk"mdf uf}/j xg' fsf] efj

tfufwf/L cfsf/ jf :j¿k

lj;hg{ ljjfx gePsf]

&= dflysf] lgaGw k9]/ ‘a’ / ‘j’ af6 ag]sf kfFr kfFr zAbx¿ vfh] /] nv]  .

5l/tf] g]kfnL – efu kfrF 21

k7g af]w

!= tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] PsPs jfSodf pQ/ b]pm M
s_ uf}/f kj{ vf;u/L sxfF dgfOG5 <
v_ uf}/f s;/L leœofOG5 <
u_ uf}/f kj{df sfs] f] j|t a:5g\ <
3_ cwF /] L uf/} f / ph]nL uf/} f eGgfn] s] a'l¹G5 <
ª_ uf}/f kjd{ f s;sf] k"hf ul/G5 <
r_ uf}/f kj{sf] kr| f/ ss] f] ¿kdf ePsf] 5 <
5_ xfdf| ] ;+:sl[ t s;/L o'ufF} hLljt /xg ;S5 <

@= tnsf jfSox¿ 7Ls eP 7Ls / a7] Ls eP a]7Ls n]v M

s_ gk] fndf Pp6fdfq hftsf dflg;x¿ a:5g \ . =================

v_ ;'b"/ klZrddf uf}/f kj{ cToGt pT;fxsf ;fy dgfOG5 . =================

u_ uf}/f leœofOg] lbgnfO{ la?8f k~rdL elgG5 . =================

3_ uf/} f kj{df s'g} bj] Lbj] tfsf] klg k"hf ul/bF }g . =================

ª_ ;+:s[lt hLljt /Åof] eg] xfd|f] :jfledfg tyf klxrfg pRr /xG5 . ================

r_ ljzi] f u/L uf/} f kj{ If]qL a|fÅd0fn] dgfpF5g\ . =================

#= uf/} f kj{ lgaGwsf] gjfF} cg'R5b] k9L tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ bp] m M
s_ uf}/f kj{ dgfpg] a|tfns' f] cfFugdf s] ul/G5 <
v_ lszf]/L tyf dlxnfx¿ s;/L uf}/fsf] j|t a:5g\ <
u_ uf/} f kjd{ f ss] f] kh" f ul/G5 <
3_ uf/} f kj{df jt| fn'n] k"hf u/]sf] s;n] xg] x'{ G' g <
ª_ ‘ckzs'g’ / ‘;xf]b/’ zAbsf] cy{ nv]  .

$= JofVof u/ M
;+:sl[ t hLljt /Åof] eg] xfdf| ] :jfledfg tyf klxrfg klg pRr /xG5 .

%= tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] pQ/ b]pm M
s_ uf/} f kj{ sxfF sxfF / lsg dgfOG5 <

22 5l/tf] g]kfnL – efu kfrF

v_ uf/} f kjd{ f lj?8fsf] s:tf] dxŒj 5 <
u_ uf/} f kj;{ uF s:tf] wflds{ cf:yf hfl] 8Psf] 5 <
3_ uf/} f kj{nfO{ lsg ;f:+ sl[ ts Pstfsf] kj{ dflgPsf] xf] <

^= nfdf] pQ/ bp] m M
s_ ;b' "/ klZrddf uf}/f kj{ s;/L dgfOG5 <
v_ af/f Ifq] df uf}/f kj{ dgfpg] s:tf] k/Dk/f /x]sf] 5 <

l;h{gf

!= tn lbOPsf] hfgsf/Lsf] cfwf/df Pp6f lgaGw nv] M
e"sDk
– es" Dk hfg] k|ljm| of kY[ jLsf] pTklQ ePb]lv g} ;'? ePsf],
– xfdf| k'vf{x¿sf nflu klg of] TolQs} rf;f] / lrGtfsf] ljifo ag]sf,]
– es" Dksf] pTklQ :yfg kY[ jLsf] leqL efu x'g], / o;nfO{ e"sDksf] gfeLo sG] b| elgg,]
– k[YjLsf] ToxL leqL efudf ljleGg sf/0faf6 pynk'yn ePkl5 g} e"sDk hfg,]
– e"sDk hfg] cgs] sf/0f xg' ;Sg],
– clxn;] Ddsf] cg';Gwfgdf e"sDk hfgs' f k|dv' bO' { sf/0f b]lvPsf,
– es" Dk hfg] kd| 'v sf/0f k[YjLleqsf r§fgx¿sf 7fpF7fpFdf wfFhf kmf6b\ f r§fgsf

cnucnu l9:sfx¿ aGg] / oL l9:sfx¿ wfhF f kmf6s] f 7fpFdf rfksf sf/0f xnrn eO{
e"sDk hfg],
– !(() ;fndf g]kfndf uPsf] ljgfzsf/L es" Dk oxL sf/0fsf] kl/0ffd,
– e"sDk hfg] csf]{ kd| 'v sf/0fsf ¿kdf Hjfnfd'vLsf] lj:kmf6] gnfO{ lng ;lsg],
– Hjfnfdv' Lsf] lj:kmf]6g xbF' f kY[ jLsf] ultdf c;Gt'ng cfO{ o;sf] ;tx g} xlNng k'Ug,]
– oxL sf/0faf6 hfkfg, O/fg nufotsf ljleGg b]zdf e'OrF fnf] hfg] u/s] f] kfOg ] .

@= ltd|f] ;db' fodf dgfOg] s'g} kjs{ f] af/d] f Pp6f lgaGw nv] M

5l/tf] g]kfnL – efu kfFr 23

Jofs/0f

!= gfdsf] u0' f, bfi] f, cj:yf, l:ylt / kl/df0f a¹' fpg cfpg] zAbnfO{ ljzi] f0f elgG5 . ljzi] f0f ;w“}
ljzi] o;“u ufl“ ;P/ cfp“5 . /fdf| ], c;n, ;'Gb/, dL7f], tLtf,] tftf], lr;f], cUnf], xfr] f,] ;fgf],
sfnf,] /ftf] h:tf zAbx¿ ljzi] f0f xg'  \ .

@= ldNbf] ljz]if0f zAb /fv]/ vfnL 7fp“ e/ M
s_ /lagfsL ======================== alxgL kf“r sIffdf k95\  ] .
v_ cfh ======================== ;'Gtnf vfOof] .
u_ ======================== yfnsf] eft s;nfO{ xf] <
3_ /]lhgf sIffsL ======================== 5fqf xf] .
ª_ pm sIffdf ======================== xNnf u5 { .
#= dflysf] kf7af6 bzj6f ljz]if0f zAbx¿ vfh] /] cfÇgf] sfkLdf n]v .

ljzi] f 1fg

g]kfndf dgfOg] k|dv' rf8kj{x¿
b;,}F ltxf/, DxMk"hf, hg}k"l0f{df, ufOh{ fqf, OGbh| fqf, la:s]6

hfqf, s'z]cf;F} L, gfuk~rdL, Ob, Ånf;] f/, a4' hoGtL,
lqm;d;, u7]dª\un, tLh, s[i0ffi6dL, pwF f}nL–peF f}nL,
u'?kl" 0fd{ f, dftftLy{ cfF};L, /ftf] dT5]Gbg| fysf] ofqf,
u9LdfO{ d]nf, of]dxL| k"l0f{df uf}/f kj,{ 57 kj{, df3]

;ª\qmlGt, kmfuk' l" 0f{df, r}t] b;F}

24 5l/tf] g]kfnL – efu kfrF

KFF7 hLjgL

$ 8fS6/ ;Gbs' ?Ot

efOalxgLx¿;Fu †

– xfdf| ] z/L/sf cªu\ x¿dWo] sg' cªu\ a9L dxŒjk0" f{ xG' 5 <– z/L/df cfvF fsf] s:tf] dxŒj xG' 5 <

– cfvF f ePg eg] s] s:tf] ;d:of xG' 5 < – cfvF f gxbF' f] xf] t hLjg s:tf] xbF' f] xf] <

xfdf| ] ;dfhdf w]/} dflg;x¿ hGdG5g\ / d5{g\ klg . hGd]sf ;a}n] ;;+ f/df cfÇgf] klxrfg
agfpg ;ss] f xF'b}gg\ . ;dfh, dfgjtf tyf /fi6s« f nflu dxŒjk0" f{ of]ubfg lbg] JolQm ;bfsf
nflu cd/ x'G5 . dfG5]sf] z/L/sf] cToGt dxŒjk0" f{ cªu\ cfvF fdf nfUg] /fu] sf] pkrf/sf] nflu
ljzi] f k4ltsf] cfljisf/ ug]{ 8fS6/ ;Gb's ?Otn] hLjgdf s] s:tf] ;ª3\ if{ ug'{k¥of], s] s:tf]
ldlxg]taf6 pgn] ;kmntf xfl;n u/] a'ˆg pgsf] hLjgL Wofg lbP/ k9 M

!= dflg;sf] z/L/sf x/]s cª\u plQs} dxŒjk0" f{ x'G5g \ . sg' } cª\udf
ljsf/ cfof] eg] l;ªu\ f] z/L/n] g} ;xL 9ªu\ af6 sfo{ ug{ ;Sbg}  . z/L/sf
cªu\ x¿sf] cfcfÇg} sfo{ xG' 5 . Pp6fn] /fd/| L sfo{ ug{ g;Sbf cGo
cªu\ x¿ klg k|efljt x'G5g\ . xfdL cfvF fn] x5] f}F{ . ;+;f/sf] ;fG} bo{
lgofNg] g]qHofl] t uD' of] eg] s] xf]nf < xfdL sNkgf klg ug{ ;Sbg} fF} .
g]qHofl] tsf] cefjdf l;ªu\ f] aÅ| df08 cGwsf/ x'G5 . To:tf] cGwsf/nfO{ lr/]/ pHofnf]
k|bfg ug]{ JolQm ;fRF r} O{Zj/ ;flat xG' 5 . g]qHof]lt u'dfP/ cGwsf/df efF}tfl/P/ lxF8g\ ]
x¿nfO{ pHofnf] ls/0f k|bfg ug]{ JolQmTjx¿dWo] Ps xg' \–8fS6/ ;Gbs' ?Ot . pgsf] hGd
;g\ !(%$ ;]K6]Da/ $ tfl/vsf lbg tfKnh] ª' lhNnfsf] ljs6 ufpF r'ª\ufn] fdf ePsf] lyof] .

@= ;Gbs' sf] kfl/jfl/s cj:yf cToGt bogLo lyof ] . b'Mv si6, lk8f, ;d:of, cefj cflbsf]
hfFtfd] f lkFlwP/ pgsf] z}zjsfn lat]sf] lyof ] . pgL ;fgb} l] v nugzLn, ldlxgt] L tyf

gq] Hof]lt M cfFvfsf] Hof]lt, cfFvfsf] rds hfFtf]df lklF wg ' M cToGt si6 jf ;s;df kg{'
a|Ådf08 M ux| , tf/f, gIfq, cGtl/If zz} jsfn M afNosfn
bogLo M bofnfUbf,] bM' vb nugzLn M dg nufP/ sfddf nfu]sf]

5l/tf] gk] fnL – efu kfFr 25

:jfjnDaL lyP . sl7gfOdf g} dflg;sf] jf:tljs k/LIff xG' 5 . sl7gfO / rg' f}tLnfO{ ;xh
¿kdf lng] dflg; cfÇgf] nIodf cl3 a95\ / ;kmn eP/} 5f85\  . afNosfnbl] v g} pgn]
ljljw sl7gfOx¿;Fu h'Wg'k/]sf] lyof] . ;ª\3ifl{ jgfsf] hLjg Joy{ xg' ] dfGotf /fVg] ?Otn]
cfÇgf] hLjgnfO{ dfgj;j] fdf g} ck0{ f ug{] ;kgf afNosfnb]lv g} bv] ]sf lyP .

#= ;Gbs' n] bflhl{ nªsf] ;G] 6/f]a6{ :s'naf6 k|f/lDes lzIff/De u/]  . pgn] ToxfFaf6 * sIff;Ddsf]
cWoog k"/f u/] . kl5 pgn] sf7df8fd}F f /xs] f] k|l;4 zl} Ifs ;+:yf l;4fy{ jg:ynL :s'naf6
k|jl] zsf pQL0f{ u/] . kj| ]lzsf pQL0fk{ Zrft\ ;Gbs'
cfO=P:;L= cWoog ug{ lqrG¢ sn]hdf egf{ eP .
cfO=P:;L= pQL0f{ ePkl5 pgL 8fS6/L k9g\ ef/tsf]
nvgptkm{ uP . 8fS6/L k9/] g]kfn kmsk{] l5 pgL
gk] fns} h7] f] c:ktfn jL/ c:ktfndf lrlsT;ssf]
¿kdf lgoS' t eP .

$= ;Gbs' ?Otn] ;g\ !(*! b]lv !(*@ ;Dd gk] fndf
cGwf]kg;DaGwL ;j{]If0fdf ;xefuL eO{ dn' s' sf]
¹G8} @% lhNnfsf] ed| 0f u/L cGwf]kg ;DaGwL ;d:ofsf af/d] f glhsaf6 ;fIffTsf/ ug]{
cj;/ k|fKt u/] . o;} l;nl;nfdf ;g\ !(*$ ef/tsf] PD; gfds ;:+ yfaf6 yk lzIff xfl;n
u/L :jb]z kmlsP{  . ;g\ !(*% df ljZj :jf:Yo ;ª\u7gsf tkma{ f6 k/fdzb{ ftfsf] ¿kdf
5gf]6 eO{ c:6]l« nofnL g]q lrlsT;s km| ]8 xNnf]h g]kfn cfPsf lyP . To;} an] f ?Otsf]
kl/>dL :jefj bv] ]/ pgL lgs} k|efljt eP . h;sf sf/0f pgn] ?OtnfO{ ;g\ !(*^ df
dft] LljGbs' f] pkrf/df ljzi] f1tf xfl;n ug{ c:6]«lnof cfdGq0f u/ ] . o:tf] :jl0fd{ cj;/nfO{
;bk' of]u ug{k' 5{ eGg] efjgf ?Otdf hfu[t eof] . :jf:Yosf] If]qdf gofF s/' f l;s/] /fi6«nfO{
c¹ a9L of]ubfg ug{'k5{ eGg] s'/f pgn] e'ng] g \ . g]kfnh:t} ljsf;f]Gd'v tyf ek" l/jl] i7t
bz] sf hgtfx¿ /f]u, efs] / cefjdf afRF g ljjz ag]sf sf/0f df]tLljGb'sf] pkrf/nfO{
;:tf], ;n' e Pj+ u'0f:t/Lo agfpg] ceLi6 lnP/ pgL c:6«]lnof k'u ] .

%= ;g\ !((* df ;Gbs' ?Ot cfÇgf c:6l]« nofnL 8fS6/x¿;uF gk] fn cfP clg ‘kf| u] f| d c:6l«] nofgk] f’
gfds ;:+ yf :yfkgf u/ ] . pQm ;:+ yfsf] dn" p2Z] o gk] fndf cGwfk] g lgjf/0fsf] nflu ;xofu] h6' fO{

:jfjnDaL M cfÇgf] kf}/vdf e/ kg]{ df]tLljGb' M cfFvfsf] gfgLdf hfnf] nfUg] /fu]
k|f/lDes M ;?' sf], kf| /Desf] ljz]if1tf M ljzi] f 1fg k|fKt u/s] f]
lzIff/De M k9\gn] V] g] sfdsf] ;?' jft :jl0fd{ M ;g' h:t} rlDsnf]
lrlsT;s M 8fS6/, la/fdLnfO{ pkrf/ ug{] dfG5] ljsf;f]Gdv' M ljsf;sf] sfddf ev/{ nfu]sf]
;jI{] f0f M s'g} Ifq] jf ljifosf af/]df hfgsf/L lng ek" l/jl] i7t M hldgn] 3l] /Psf,] ;db' ;| uF l;dfgf ghfl] 8Psf]
u'0f:t/Lo M /fdf| ] u'0fsf]
ul/g] lg/LIf0f ceLi6 M leqb} l] v rfxs] f] s'/f
k/fdzb{ ftf M ;Nnfxsf/

26 5l/tf] gk] fnL – efu kfFr

dft] LljGb'sf] pkrf/ ;j{;'ne / u0' f:t/Lo agfpg' lyof] . c:6]l« nofdf /xbF f pgn] cfFvfsf]
/fu] ;DaGwL ljleGg vfh] tyf cg;' Gwfg u/]sf lyP . :jb]z kms]{kl5 cfFvfsf /f]uLx¿nfO{
;j{;'ne tl/sfn] pkrf/ ug{'k5{ eGg] dfgjtfjfbL ljrf/ pgdf knfPsf] lyof ] . g]kfnL
ePkl5 gk] fnLs} ;]jf ug'k{ 5{ eGg] pgdf b9[ ;ªs\ Nk lyof ] . cfFvfsf] zNoljm| ofdf k|ofu] x'g]
clt ul/a /fi6«sf nflu ;dt] pkofu] L, ;/' lIft / k|efjsf/L dft] LljGb' zNolj|mof ljlw ‘OG6f«
csn' / n]G;’ lnP/ pgL :jb]z kmlsP{  .

^= ;Gb'ssf] l6dn] g]qlj1fgsf] nflu ko| fu] u/s] f] cfwl' gs k|ljlw k|of]u ug'{k"j{ g]kfndf k/' fgf]
kl| jlwaf6 df]tLljGb'sf] pkrf/ ul/GYof] h;af6 la/fdLn] lk8f dfq geO{ /f]u alN¹g] ;d:of
klg a]xf]gk'{ bY{ of ] . To:tf /fu] Lx¿n] afSnf] / kfj/jfnf r:df ko| fu] ug{k' bY{ of ] . ;g\ !(($
df ltnuª\uf cfFvf c:ktfnsf] :yfkgf ePkl5 ;f] c:ktfnn] cfvF fsf] zNoljm| ofdf k|ofu] x'g]
‘OG6f« csn' / n]G;’sf] ko| f]u u/L :jbz] tyf ljb]zsf la/fdLx¿nfO{ ;'ne tl/sfn] ;]jf lbg
;kmn eof ] . ltnuªu\ f cfvF f c:ktfnnfO{ sdy{ nf]sf] ¿kdf lnO{ pgn] ljleGg /fu] Lx¿nfO{
pkrf/ ub}{ cfPsf 5g\ . ?Otn] ltnuªu\ f cfFvf c:ktfnnfO{ Pl;of Ifq] s} k|d'v tflnd sG] b|
agfpg] ;kgf b]v]sf 5g \ . pgL g]kfnsf cGo c:ktfnx¿df klg cfa4 5g\ .

&= ;Gb'sn] ¹G8} Ps nfveGbf a9L gq] /f]uLsf df]tLljGbs' f] ;kmn zNoljm| of ul/;s]sf 5g\ .
pgn] %)) eGbf a9L JolQmx¿nfO{ ‘OG6f« csn' / n]G;’ k|ljlwsf af/d] f tflnd lbO;s]sf
5g \ . pgsf] l6dn] ljsf; u/s] f] k|ljlwaf6 clk|msfsf !) d'n's, blIf0f cdl] /sfsf # d'n's,
Pl;ofsf rLg, pQ/ sf]l/of, leotgfd, sDaf]l8of, yfONofG8, ef/t, e6' fg h:tf b]zx¿n]
ko| fu] df NofPsf 5g \ . of] k|ljlw u'0f:t/Lo / k|z+;gLo aGb} uO/x]sf] 5 .

*= df]tLljGbs' f] zNolj|mof ug]{ kl| jlw Go"gtd ;'ljwf ePsf b]zdf k¥' ofpg ofu] bfg ug]{ ?OtnfO{
;DkGg b]z c:6«]lnof nufotsf ljleGg cGt/f{li6«o lgsfon] pRr cf]xbfdf a;/] sfo{ ug{]
cj;/ klg k|z:t dfqfdf lbPsf lyP . t/ pgL slxNo} k};fsf] kl5 bf8} g] g\ . pgL cfÇg} b]z
/ hgtfsf] ;]jfdf ;dlk{t xg' rfxGy] . pgn] hgtfsf] ;j] fdf ¹G8} ltg bzs latfO;s]sf
5g \ . ltnuªu\ f cfvF f c:ktfnsf] ;j] fnfO{ lj:tf/ ug{] qmddf 3D' tL lzlj/dfkmt{ pgn] :jbz] sf
;u' db]lv ljs6 ufp;F Dd :jf:Yo ;]jf kb| fg ub}{ cfPsf 5g \ .

(= dfgj ;j] fsf lglDt sg' } cGt/f{li6«o kvf{n xFb' g} eGg] dfGotf /fVg] ?Otn] leotgfd, sfl] /of,

;j{;'ne M ;a} 7fpFdf ;lhn} kfOg] cf]xbf M kb, bhf{
dfgjtfjfbL M dfG5]sf] enf] jf lxt rfxg] bzs M bz jifs{ f] cjlw
zNoljm| of M lr/kmf/ u/]/ ul/g] pkrf/sf] ljlw ;u' d M ;lhn} k'Ug ;lsg]
sd{ynf] M sfd ug{] 7fpF ljs6 M hfg jf k'Ug cK7]/f]
k|z;+ gLo M kz| ;+ f ug{ nfos

5l/tf] g]kfnL – efu kfrF 27

ef/t, rLg nufotsf d'n'sx¿df df]tLljGb'af6 kLl8t xhf/f}F /f]uLx¿nfO{ k'ghL{jg lbPsf
5g \ . ltnuª\uf cfFvf c:ktfn tyf pgsf] dfgjLo ;]jfsf] pRr dN" ofªs\ g ub}{ lalal;,
g;] gn hfu] f| kmL Rofgn h:tf ljZj kl| ;4 ;dfrf/ 6l] nlehgx¿n] ljZjJofkL ¿kdf kr| f/k;| f/
ul//x]sf 5g\ .

!)= gk] fnsf] Pp6f bu' d{ ufpdF f hlGdPsf ?Otn] cfFvfsf] cGwfk] g lgjf/0fsf lglDt gf}nf]
k|ljlw ljsf; u/L dxŒjk0" f{ of]ubfg k¥' ofPsf 5g\ . ;j;{ 'ne, u'0f:t/Lo ;]jf pknAw u/fO{
;kmn zNolrlsT;fdfkmt{ pgn] s}of}sF f] cGwsf/do hLjgnfO{ kH| jlnt tN' ofOlbPsf 5g\ .
ljkGgeGbf ljkGg /fi6«sf nflu ;dt] pkof]uL, ;'/lIft, / k|efjsf/L zNolj|mof ljlw ljsl;t
u/a] fkt ;g\ Pl;ofsf] gfa] n] k'/:sf/sf] ¿kdf k|ltli7t /fd] g Dofuf;];] k/' :sf/af6 @)^#
;fndf pgnfO{ ;Ddfg ul/Psf] lyof ] . gk] fn ;/sf/n] klg pgnfO{ ;g\ @))* df ‘gk] fn Ps8] d] L
ckm 6S] gfn] hL cjf8{’ åf/f ;Ddfg u/s] f] 5 .

!!= g]kfndf a;]/ sx] L ug{ ;lsbF g} eGg] ;ª\sL0f{ dfgl;stf afS] gx] ¿nfO{ ;Gb's ?Ot bxf| ] b[i6fGt
ags] f 5g\ . ljZjJofkL ¿kdf pgsf] ;Ddfg eP klg pgL slxNo} 3dG8sf] rn' L r9]gg\ .
pgL b'Mv / ;ª3\ if{ gul/sg dflg;n] ku| ltsf] lzv/ rD' g g;Sg] ljrf/ /fV5g \ . ;]jfsf]
efjgf xg' ] dflg;df wo} {, ;fx; tyf nug x'gk' 5{ eGg] s/' fsf] kd| f0fsf ¿kdf :yflkt ?Ot
gk] fn / g]kfnLsf ;fg ags] f 5g \ .

k'ghLj{ g M kml] / hLjg kfpg] sfd ljZjJofkL M ljZje/ kml} nPsf]
kH| jlnt M x'/x/' ans] f] r'nL M kxf8sf] 6K' kf]
;ªs\ L0f { M ;f3F '/f,] v'lDrPsf] nug M sfddf lg/Gt/ nfUg] k|jl[ Q
bi[ 6fGt M pbfx/0f
cEof;

zAb 1fg

!= tnsf zAbx¿ z4' ;Fu pRrf/0f u/ M
ljZjJojfkL, ;]G6/fa] 6,{ u'0f:t/Lo, b'ud{ , g]qlj1fg

@= jfSodf k|of]u u/ M
hfFtf]df lkFlwg', ke| fjsf/L, ofu] bfg, dft] LljGb,' zNoljm| of, ljsf;fG] dv' , dfgj;j] f, a|Ådf08

#= tnsf zAbx¿sf] kof{ojfrL zAb nv] M
k/LIff, ljZj, gq] , k|l;4, :jefj, ;fx;, pHofnf,] ;lhnf]

28 5l/tf] gk] fnL – efu kfrF

$= dflysf] hLjgLaf6 ‘P’ / ‘o’ sf] ko| fu] ePsf kfrF kfFr zAb vf]h/] n]v .

%= tnsf zAbsf] pN6f] cy{ lbg] zAb nv] M
;/' lIft, pHofnf], pQL0f,{ hfut[ , afNosfn, ke| fjsf/L

^= tnsf zAb / cys{ f aLrdf hf]8f ldnfpm M

lrlsT;s x'/x/' an]sf]
;j{]If0f bz jifs{ f] cjlw
bzs bofnfUbf]
kH| jlnt afnssfn
bogLo s'g} Ifq] jf ljifosf af/d] f hfgsf/L lng ul/g] lg/LIf0f
z}zjsfn 8fS6/

&= z'4 kf/]/ nv] M

gk] fndf az/] sl] x u/g ;sLbF g} eGg] ;l+ s/g dfgl;stf jfS] gx] ¿nfO{ zGbs' ?Ot b/f] pbfx/0f
ags] f 5g \ .

*= tnsf zAbsf] cy{ nv] M
a|Ådf08, k/fdzb{ ftf, dft] LljGb,' ;u' d, e"kl/j]li7t, sd{ynf]

k7g afw]

!= tnsf jfSox¿sf] PsPs jfSodf pQ/ b]pm M

s_ s:tf] JolQm O{Zj/ ;flat xG' 5 <
v_ ;Gb's ?Otsf] hGd slxn] / sxfF ePsf lyof] <
u_ ;Gb'sn] afNosfnb]lv g} s:tf] ;kgf b]v]sf lyP <
3_ ;Gbs' n] k|f/lDes lzIff sxfFaf6 cf/De u/] <
ª_ ;Gbs' s:tf] nIo lnP/ c:6«]lnof ku' ] <
r_ ltnuªu\ f c:ktfnsf] :yfkgf slxn] eof] <
5_ km| 8] xNnf]h slxn] g]kfn cfPsf lyP <
h_ ?Otn] ltnuªu\ f cfvF f c:ktfnnfO{ s:tf] agfpg] ;kgf bv] ]sf 5g\ <
¹_ ;Gb'sn] kfPsf] Pl;ofsf] kl| tli7t k/' :sf/sf] gfd s] xf] <

@= 7Ls a]7Ls 5'6o\ fpm M

s_ ;Gb's ?Otn] l;4fy{ jg:ynL :s'naf6 kj| ]lzsf pQL0f{ u/]sf lyP .
v_ ;Gb'ssf] kfl/jfl/s cj:yf Hofb} dha't lyof] .

5l/tf] g]kfnL – efu kfrF 29

u_ ;Gb'snfO{ @)^# ;fnsf] Dofuf;];] k/' :sf/af6 ;Ddfg ul/Psf] lyof] .
3_ ;g\ !(($ df ltnuª\uf c:ktfnsf] :yfkgf ePsf] xf ] .
ª_ ;Gbs' d'6/' fu] ljz]if1 xg' \ .
r_ ;Gbs' n] cfO=P:;L lqrGb| snh] af6 pQL0f{ u/]sf xg' \ .

#= cy{ :ki6 kf/ M
sl7gfO / rg' ft} LnfO{ ;xh ¿kdf lng] dflg; cfÇgf] nIodf cl3 a95\ / ;kmn eP/} 5f85\  .

$= tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] pQ/ b]pm M
s_ ;Gbs' sf] afNosfn s:tf] lyof] <
v_ ;Gbs' n] sxfF / s;/L lzIff xfl;n u/] <
u_ ;Gbs' ?Otn] cfFvf pkrf/sf] Ifq] df s] s:tf] sfo{ u/] <
3_ df]tLljGb'sf] pkrf/ s;/L ;xh ePsf] 5 <
ª_ ;Gbs' ?Otsf] hLjgL k9/] s:tf] lzIff kfOG5 <

%= nfdf] pQ/ bp] m M
cfvF f pkrf/sf] Ifq] df ;Gbs' n] k'¥ofPsf] of]ubfgsf] af/d] f aofg u/ .

l;hg{ f

!= tn lbOPsf] hfgsf/Lsf] cfwf/df Pp6f hLjgL nv] M

gfd M ul' UnPNdf] dfsf]g{ L

hGd M ;g\ !*&$ O6fnLsf] anfG] of ;x/

:jefj M j1} flgs ko| fu] df Jo:t /xg,] vfglkpg la;g{ ,] afa' l/;fpg] t/ cfdfn] ;xofu] ug,{]

sfo{ ;kmntf M

@) jifs{ } pd/] df ljgftf/ ;Gb]z k7fpg] oGq agfpg ;Ifd ePsf,
cfsfzjf0fL, 6]lnuf| d, /]l8of]h:tf tf/sf] k|of]u geP/} ;Gbz] k7fpg] oGqx¿
cfljisf/ u/s] f,
@@ jif{sf] pd]/df nG8g uP/ cfÇgf] ko| fu] b]vfO{ ;a}nfO{ rlst kf/s] f,
@# jif{sf] pd]/df jfo/n;] sf] sDkgL :yfkgf u/s] f,
## jifs{ f] pd]/df ;g\ !()( df ef}ltszf:qdf gfa] ]n k'/:sf/ kfPsf,
!(@@ df pgs} oGqaf6 nG8gdf klxnf] /]l8of] ;]jf ;'? ePsf,]
kl| jlwn] ;;+ f/nfO{ kl/jtg{ ug{] dxfg\ kl| tef,

dT[ o' M ;g\ !(#* .

30 5l/tf] gk] fnL – efu kfFr

@= ltdLn] lrgs] f] sg' } Ps 7n" f JolQmsf] af/]df Pp6f cg'R5b] nv]  .

Jofs/0f

!= tnsf jfSox¿ k9 M

a'af ahf/ hfg'xG' 5 . cfdf dlGb/af6 cfpg'eof] .

ltdL s] s] vfG5f} < p4j efOnfO{ lr7L n]V5 .

d 3/ uP/ vfhf vfG5 ' . ki' sn s;' Ld{ f a;L sDKo'6/ rnfp5“  .

aflx/ a]:;/L xfjf rNof] . kfgL klg k¥of ] .

ufO{n] bw" lbG5 . xfjfn] aQL lgefof ] .

dflysf jfSodf /ftf] cIf/df nl] vPsf zAbx¿ ljm| of xg'  \ .

gfd jf ;jg{ fdn] u/]sf] sfd a'¹fpg] ljsf/L zAbnfO{ ljm| of elgG5 . gfd jf ;jg{ fdn]
jfSodf ljleGg sfd u5g{ \ . dflysf jfSodf hfg,] cfpg,] vfg], n]Vg], rnfpg] h:tf sfdx¿
ePsf 5g\ .

@= dflysf] hLjgLaf6 bz j6f lj|mof vfh]  .

#= tnsf] vfnL 7fpd“ f ldNg] lj|mof e/ M xfdLn] u[xsfo{ =========================== .
h:t} M d}n] ux[ sfo{ u/s] f] 5 ' . ltdLn] u[xsfo{ =========================== .
t}“n] u[xsfo{ =========================== . p;n] u[xsfo{ =========================== .
tkfO+{n] u[xsfo{ =========================== . pxfn“ ] ux[ sfu{ =========================== .
pgn] u[xsfo{ =========================== . lszf]/Ln] u[xsfo{ =========================== .
lszf/] n] ux[ sfo{ =========================== .

ljzi] f 1fg

g]kfndf ljljw If]qdf ;xefuL JolQmTjx¿

eujfg sfO] /fnf, ;l' gn kfv] /n] , zlQm ufr} g, xl/jz+ cfrfo,{ cg/' fwf sfO] /fnf, cDa/ u?' ª, cfKkf zk] f{

5l/tf] gk] fnL – efu kfFr 31

KFF7 Psfªs\ L

% k;} fsf] rD' as
– Zofdbf; ji} 0fj

efOalxgLx¿;Fu †

– k;} fn] k;} f tfG5 egs] f] s] xf] < – dfG5n] fO{ k;} f lsg rflxG5 <

– s] ;fRF r} k;} fn] k;} f tfG5 xfn] f t < – s;n} ] sx] L eGof] eg] Tof] xf] ls xfO] g eg/]
ltdLnfO{ hfGg dg nfU5 <

afnaflnsfx¿ cfkm" n] ;'gs] f] s'/f ;xL xf] jf xf]Og eg]/ k/LIf0f ug{ dg nfU5 . pgLx¿
cToGt lh1f;' :jefjsf xG' 5g \ . afnaflnsfsf] oxL :jefjsf sf/0f pgLx¿ gofgF ofF
s'/f hfGg pT;'s xG' 5g\ . pgLx¿sf] pT;'stfnfO{ ;/ntfsf ;fy ;dfwfg ugk{' 5 { . To;f]
ug{ ;lsPg eg] pgLx¿n] g/fdf| ] af6f] klg ;dfTg ;S5g\ .

Zofdbf; ji} 0fj -lj=;=+ !(*!_ gk] fnL ;flxTodf slj tyf gf6ssf/sf ¿kdf ;k' l/lrt 5g\ . logsf /ftsf]
cf;F ' -uLlt sljtf_, kts/ -sljtf;ª\ux| _ cGt/Wjlg -sljtf;ª\u|x_ k|sflzt sl[ tx¿ x'g\ . k|s[ltsf] j0fg{ tyf
b]z kd]| sf] efjgf ;d6] / ;flxTo l;h{gf ug{] ji} 0fj df6f]nfO{ dfof ug{] ;i| 6f x'g \ . afn;flxTodf klg ;lj|mo /x]sf
ji} 0fj ;/n efiffdf afnaflnsfsf ;d:of, lh1f;f tyf pgLx¿sf] :jefjsf] lrq ptf5{g\ . ‘k;} fsf] rD' as’
afn :jefjsf] lrq ptfl/Psf] ;G' b/ Psfªs\ L xf ] . o;df cfÇgf] dfdfaf6 k;} fn] k;} f tfG5 eGg] ;g' s] f] efGhfn] s;/L
cfkm" ;uF ePsf] k};f klg u'dfof] eGg] s'/f /fr] s z}nLdf JoQm ePsf] 5 . dfdfn] t k};f sdfpgsf nflu k;} f
nufgL ugk{' 5{ eg]sf lyP t/ To;nfO{ efGhfn] unt ¿kdf a'¹s] f sf/0f s;/L ;d:of pTkGg eof] eGg] aˆ' g
tnsf] Psfªs\ L Wofg lbP/ k9 M

!= -s'g} JolQm nV] g nflu/xs] f] x'G5 . o:td} f Ps hgf s]6f n;' S' s sf]7fleq k:b5 . pm nV] g]
dfG5s] f] d'v tfls/xG5 ._

@= nV] g] dfG5 ]M -s6] fsf] dv' lt/ xb] _{} Sof xf] efGhf < vN] g guP/ lsg d/] f] cl3lNt/ cfP/ a:of} <
sf/0f s] cfOk¥of] <

#= s]6f M sx] L k/g] sf/0f t . vfln d]/f] Ps ?ko} f“ uD' of] dfdf .

$= dfdf M s;/L uD' of] ltd|f] Ps ?ko} fF efGhf† ?k}ofF sxf“af6 kfof} lg <

%= efGhf M ?ko} fF t dfOh"n] lbg'ePsf] lyof] . dn} ] vr{ ug{ eg/] dfu]sf] lyP “ . t/ vr{ ug}{
gkfO{ Tof] ?ko} fF To;} v/] uof] dfdf .

^= dfdf M clg s;/L v/] uof] t Tof] ?ko} fF < ltdLnfO{ vfgnfpg, 8N' g, /dfpg, xfdLn] lbPs}

d'v tfSg' M cfzf ug',{ s;}n] ;xof]u unf{ ls eg/] kv{g'

32 5l/tf] gk] fnL – efu kfFr

lyof }“ . egc] g;' f/ / lrtfPcg;' f/ ;a} s/' f
k¥' ofPs} lyof F} . ltdLnfO{ k;} fsf] vf“ rf] lsg
k¥of] / dfOhl" ;t ?ko} fF dfUof} < clg of]
d/] f] cl3lNt/ cfP/ a:g'sf] tfTko{ s] xf]
lg < Tof] klg hfGg ;lsg“ d}n ] .

&= efGhf M slt nfdf] s/' f u/s] f] dfdfn] klg .
Pp6f s/' f ;fW] g vfH] bf, csf{] s'/f eGg
nfUg'eof] .

*= dfdf M s/' f h;] s' } xf;]  \ . ‘k;} f’ To;} ud' fpg' egs] f] /fdf| ] s/' f xfO] g . k;} f sdfpg slt ufxf| ]
xG' 5 . clg vr{ ug{ dfus] f] k;} f ud' fpb“ f–‘x:' ;"’ klg t eG5g\ c¿n ] . xg} / <

(= efGhf M d x':;" aGg sxf“ vfh] ]sf] xf] / dfdf < d}n] t ¹g\ k};f kf] tfGg vfh] s] f] lyP“ .

!)= dfdf M tfGof} t k;} f < lsg hj' f vN] of} < pN6f] ud' fof} dfq xg} < s;/L ud' fof} < eg t .

-sx] L l5gkl5 s]6fsL dfOh" d}gf lrof lnP/ cfOkl' U5g \ . dfdfsf] cl3lNt/
lrof /flvlblG5g \ ._

!!= dfOh" M lar/f ¤ eflghnfO{ s] /x/ nfu/] xf] < dl;t Ps ?ko} fF dfUge' Psf] lyof] . dn} ]
lbPy“] . ToxL Ps ?ko} f“sf] lgxd'“ f dfdfn] ‘k/' f0f’ kmnfSg yfNg'ef] . uD' of] t u'Dof ] .
?k}ofF ud' /] s] x'G5 Jojxf/df km;k] l5 sltsf ?ko} fF t uD' 5 . -eflghl;t_
hfgf];\ afa,' dfly bw" /flvlbPsf] 5 . vfgf;] \, tkfO{s+ f] srsr] dfdfsf] afgL g}
o:tf] 5 . s'g} lgx“' rflxG5 < tkfO{+sf] dfdfnfO{ kmTkmtfpg < o:tf] kmtkmt]sf]
cufl8 gkgf;]{ \ efGhf ¤

!@= dfdf M dn} ] efGhfnfO{ cufl8 kg{ cfpg' egs] f] t lyOgF lg . pgL cfkm“} g} cl3 k/]/ ;f]Wg
cfP . /, d/] f] ‘k};f u'Dof’] eg] . clg kf] d}n] – ‘k};fsf] dxŒj a'ˆgk' 5,{ o;nfO{
u'dfpg xG' g’ eg]sf] x“ ' . olt af]Nbd} f srsr] xf]OG5 <

!#= dfOh" M Ps ?ko} f“ ‘hfafs] f] lglDt’ eflghl;t srsr u¥of] eGb}gg\ c¿n] <

!$= dfdf M eg] eg"g\–dnfO{ dtna 5g}  . s;n} ] ;fW] of] eg] klg ‘eflghn] ;f]Wg cfP, d}n]
xfl] ;of/ /xg'k5{, elglbP’“ eG5' . dV' o s/' f, ?k}of“ u'Dg'eGbf klg ax] f];L x'gx'Gg
Sof s;n} ] . d/] f] egfO oxL xf ] . To;dfly efGhfn]–‘u'Dof]’ geg]sf] eP, / dl;t

tfTko { M s'g} s'/fsf] leqL cfzo, ljz]if cy{ kmTkmtfpg M sfd g sfhl;t ugug ul//xg
x':;" M xf;] jf ;'2L gePsf], dv" { hfaf ] M sd dxŒjsf,] sfd gnfUg]
lar/f M ;xf/f gePsf], c;xfo, bM' v kfPsf] a]xf];L M ;rt] gePsf,] a]jf:tf ug]{, xf;] gePsf]
srsr ] M srsr ug{] :jefjsf,] ugug]

5l/tf] g]kfnL – efu kfrF 33

;f]Wg gcfPsf] eP, olt s'/f x'g] g} lyPg . d t df}g ag/] nV] g nflu/x]sf] g}
lyP “ . xf ] . x}g efGhf < ;“frf] s/' f u/ t . -dfOh" Psl5g ud vflG5g\ . To;kl5
Efflghl;t ;f]lW5g \ ._

!%= dfOh " M tkfO{+sf] Ps ?k}of“ s;/L u'Dof] efGhf < vn' :t u/]/ ;a} s'/f atfpg'xf;] \ t .

!^= efGhf M cl:t g} dfdfn–] ‘k;} fn] k;} f tfG5’ eGge' Psf] lyof ] . /, xf] ls xg} /x5]
eg/] dn} ] tkfOl{+ ;t Ps ?k}of“ dfu]sf] lyP “ . clg ToxL k'/fgf] ahf/sf
‘;/fkmL– ;fx'sf’] 9's6' Ldf uO,{ aGb–9fs] fsf] tfnf l5/fpg] Kjfnaf6 Ps ?ko} f“
bv] fP “ . leqsf] ?ko} f“ tfG5 ls eg/] w/] } a/] xNnfPsf] lyP “ . To;kl5 Tof] ?ko} fn“ ] leqsf]
?ko} f“ tfGgs' f] ;§f t d/] f] ?ko} f“ kf] leq v:of] . clg dnfO{ nfUof–] ‘dfdfn] eGg'ePsf]
s'/f ;f“ rf] xfO] g /x]5 .’ o;}n] d
oxL s'/f ;f]Wg dfdfsx“f cfPsf]
x'“ . dn} ] t r'Dasn] kmnfd tfg¹] “}
?ko} fn“ ] ?ko} f“ tfG5 eG7fgy]  ]“ . Tof]
s'/f xg} /x5]  .

!&= dfdf M -h?' Ss p7]/_ s/' f lsg ;“frf]
xg}  . ltdLn] tfTko{ ga'¹s] f] dfq
xf] efGhf† ;fxs' f 9s' 6' Lleqsf]
?ko} fn“ ] ltd|f] Ps ?k}of“ t tflgxfNof] lg . yf]/} k;} fnfO{ w]/} k;} fn] tfGof] s†]
o;df s]sf] crDd < d/] f] jf:tljs egfO t s] lyof] eg]– ‘k;} f vr{ u//] sfd
u/k] l5, To;af6 gfkmf sdfpg ;lsG5 eGg] / o;f] xb“' f tfgt] N' o xG' 5’ eGg] lyof ] .
hg' ;s' } sfd ubf{ tfTko{ ga¹' L ;f¹] f] lx;fan] sfd ubf{ o:t} xG' 5 efGhf . hx] f;] ,\
Ps ?ko} f“ u'd] klg, lzIff t kfof} ltdLn] . eu} f] lrQ gb'vfpm, cfOGbf x':;"
gaGg†" s'/f a'ˆof} <

!*= efGhf M a'¹]F dfdf ¤

!(= dfdf M hfpm ca k9\g hfpm . s'g} klg sfd ubf{ tfTko{ a'¹/] sfd ugk{' 5{ eGg] s'/f
gla;{g" x } . -o:t}df Ps df6] ] ;fx' cfOk'U5 ._

@)= df6] ] ;fx ' M tkfOs+{ f] efGhfn] xf] Sof/,] d/] f] ;]km /fvs] f] sf]7fsf] 9fs] fsf] Kjfnaf6 Ps ?ko} f“
v;fn]sf] rfn kfP “ . /, Tof] kmsf{pg cfPsf] x “' . TolQsf k;} f /fvs] f] ;k] m cufl8
t'R5 Ps ?ko} fs“ f] s] efp < s]6fs]6Ln] ghfg/] Kjfnaf6 k};f l5/fPh:tf] 5 .

ud vfg ' M ulx/f] ;fr] fOdf kg,{' ulxl/P/ ;fR] g' ;]km M uxgf, k;} f cflb /fVg] kmnfdsf] afs;
9s' 6' L M cGg /fVg] 7fpF, wg;f/, e08f/ t'R5 M sfd gnfUg], as] fdsf] hfaf]

34 5l/tf] gk] fnL – efu kfrF

leq nIdL bp] tf 5 eg]/ r9fPsf] xf] ls < s]6fs]6Ldf dnfO{ klg To:t} nfUYof ] .
sGt/' sf] ‘Kjfn’ b]Vof] ls dnfO{ klg k};f l5/fpg dg nfUYof] . h'jfsf] avtdf
t s/' } 5g} – lhTof] ls k;} f l5/fOxfNof] sGt/' df . hx] f;] ,\ s6] fs6] Lsf] Ps ?ko} f“
d/] f] ;k] mdf xfn/] s] sfd < To;n} ] Tof] ?ko} f“ lbg NofPsf] x F' . np] m afa' – ?ko} f “ .
ltdLn] ghfg] klg dn} ] t hfGg} k¥of ] . s–] s] lsGg dg lyof] xfn] f ltdLnfO{ < np] m
ltdf| ] ?k}of“ lkmtf{ n]pm . /, lsGg dg nfus] f] s'/f lsg† -efGhf nfh dfg/] xft
yfK5 ._ c¹ ltdLnfO{ lsGg k'Ubg} eg,] d c¹} Ps ?ko} fF ylklbG5 ' . nf} n]pm
-df]6] ;fxn' ] To;df Ps ?k}of“ ylklbG5_ . nf} n]pm . -Ps ?ko} f“sf] 8an efGhfsf]
cl3lNt/ aHg] u/L kmfN5 . dfdf / efGhf lhNn k5{g \ . 9lndnL ub}{ df]6] ;fx'
p7]/ hfG5 ._
kbf{ v:5 .

sGt/' M sf7, l6g cflbsf] ;fgf] afs;, ;Gb;'

cEof;

zAb 1fg

!= tnsf zAbx¿ z4' ;Fu pRrf/0f u/ M
cl3lNt/, Jojxf/, tfg]tN' o, ?k}ofF, lzIff

@= tnsf zAbx¿sf] cy{ nv] M
sGt/' , hfaf], x':;," tfTko{, 9's'6L, srsr]

#= jfSodf k|of]u u/ M
xfdL, k};f, /fd|f,] d/] f], afgL, n';'Ss, kf,] ud vfg'

$= tnsf zAbsf] ljk/Lt cy{ lbg] zAb n]v M
ufx|f], dfly, cl3lNt/, cufl8, ;fFrf], jf:tljs

%= z'4 kf//] ;f/ M
c:6L, h"?s, ;frf], l;R5f, 9]/}, rd' as,

5l/tf] gk] fnL – efu kfrF 35

^= dflysf] kf7af6 rGb|ljGb' nfu]sf s'g} kfrF zAbx¿ vf]h/] nv]  .
&= ‘k;} fsf] rD' as’ Psfªs\ Laf6 ‘P’ / ‘o’ nfu]/ ags] f kfFr kfFr zAbx¿ vf]h]/ n]v .

k7g afw]

!= tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] PsPs jfSodf pQ/ bp] m M
s_ ‘k;} fsf] r'Das’ Psfª\sL s;n] n]v]sf x'g\ <
v_ efGhfn] lsg k};f dfu]sf lyP <
u_ efGhfn] s;af6 slt ?ko} fF kfPsf lyP <
3_ efGhfn] lsg 9's6' Ldf k};f v;fn]sf lyP <
ª_ k};f ud' k] l5 dfdfn] efGhfnfO{ s] eg]/ ;D¹fP <

@= tnsf jfSox¿ 7Ls eP 7Ls / a]7Ls eP a]7Ls n]v M ================
s_ ‘k;} fsf] r'Das’ Psfª\sL si[ 0f w/fjf;Ln] n]v]sf x'g \ . ================
v_ dflysf] kf7df dfdf, efGhf, dfOh" h:tf kfq 5g \ . ================
u_ k};f sdfpg w]/} ufxf| ] x'G5 . ================
3_ eflghsf] Ps ?ko} fF u'Dof] . ================
ª_ k};f hyfefjL vr{ ug{x' G' 5 .

#= dflysf] Psfªs\ L k9]/ tnsf egfO s;sf xg' \† kQf nufpm M
s_ Pp6f s'/f ;fW] g vfH] bf csf]{ s/' f eGg nfUg'eof] .
v_ ?k}ofF u'd]/ s] x'G5 < Jojxf/df km;k] l5 sltsf ?k}ofF t uD' 5 .
u_ k;} f To;} ud' fpg' egs] f] /fdf| ] s/' f xfO] g .
3_ sGt'/sf] Kjfn b]Vof] ls dnfO{ klg k};f l5/fpg dg nfUYof ] .
ª_ ltdLnfO{ vfgnfpg, 8N' g, /dfpg xfdLn] lbPs} lyof}F .

$= tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ bp] m M
s_ ‘k};fn] k};f tfG5’ eg]sf] s'/f ;fFrf] xf,] s;/L <
v_ efGhfnfO{ dfOh"n] s] eg/] ;D¹fOg\ <
u_ efGhfn] s;/L k;} f u'dfP <
3_ ‘k};fsf] r'Das’ Psfªs\ L k9]/ ltdLn] s] lzIff kfof} <

36 5l/tf] gk] fnL – efu kfFr

%= cfzo :ki6 kf/ M
k;} f To;} ud' fpg' /fdf| ] s'/f xf]Og . k};f sdfpg slt ufxf| ] x'G5 .

^= dflysf] Psfªs\ Lsf] aL;f}F cg'R5]b k9L ;f]lwPsf kZ| gx¿sf] pQ/ bp] m M
s_ df6] ] ;fx' lsg dfdfsxfF cfPsf] xf] <
v_ dfdf / efGhf lsg lhNn k/] <
u_ df]6] ;fx' s;/L p7/] uof] <
3_ efGhfnfO{ lsg nfh nfUof] <
ª_ s]6fs6] Ldf df]6] ;fx'nfO{ sGt/' sf] Kjfn b]Vbf s:tf] nfUYof] <

&= nfdf] pQ/ b]pm M
s_ ‘k;} fsf] rD' as’ Psfªs\ LnfO{ syfsf] ¿kdf 5f6] s/Ldf k:| t't u/ .
v_ ‘k};fsf] rD' as’ Psfª\sLdf afnaflnsfsf] :jefjsf] af/d] f s:tf] rrf{ ul/Psf] 5 <

aofg u/ .

l;hg{ f

!= Psfªs\ L egs] f] gf6ssf] ;fgf] ¿k xf ] . 5f6] f] ;dodf ePsf] s'/fnfO{ gf6ssf] ¿kdf k:| tt'
ul/of] eg] Tof] Psfªs\ L xG' 5 . Psfª\sLdf kfqx¿n] s/' fsfgL u5g{  \ . pgLx¿sf] xfpefp tyf
Jojxf/nfO{ sf]i7sdf /fv/] k|:tt' ul/G5 .

@= ‘c;n afgL’ zLif{sdf Psfª\sLsf] zn} Ldf ;fyL;fyL aLrsf] s/' fsfgL nv]  .

Jofs/0f

!= gfd jf ;jg{ fd;“u hf]l8P/ cfpg] clg cfkm" hf]l8Psf] gfd jf ;jg{ fdsf] lj|mof;u“ sf] ;DaGw
a¹' fpg] cljsf/L zAbnfO{ gfdofu] L elgG5 .

gfdof]uL zAb ko| fu] ePsf tnsf jfSox¿ ;:j/ jfrg u/ M

cfdf;“u k;} f 5}g . ltdL ;fyLl;t 3D' g ghfpm .

5fgfdfly 7n" f] la/fnf] 5 . pgLeGbf ltdL hfGg] 5f} .

/Tgfsf] cufl8 gljgf a:5] . d]/f] 3/k5fl8 af6f] 5 .

5l/tf] gk] fnL – efu kfFr 37

gk] fnsf] pQ/k6l\ 6 rLg 5 . t/fOl{ t/ 8]ªu\ ' /f]usf] dxfdf/L 5 .
pm 3/af6 lx“l8;Sof] . efO ahf/tkm{ nfu]sf] 5 .

@= dflysf] kf7df k|ofu] ePsf gfdof]uL zAbx¿ lrg / cfÇgf] sfkLdf nv]  .

#= ldNbf] gfdofu] L zAb 5fg/] vfnL 7fp“ e/ M
s_ /fx'n ================= ;ah} gf jgefh] uPsf lyP . -dfq, afx]s_
v_ g]kfnsf] pQ/ ================= cUnf lxdfnx¿ 5g\ . -nflu, tkm_{
u_ pHHjn 3/ ================= ;a]/} lx“8\of ] . -af6, b]lv_
3_ xfd|f] ljBfno ================= 7"nf] ?v 5 . -af6, cufl8_
ª_ d]/f] efO d ================= 5 . -h:t}, ¹}“_

ljz]if 1fg

gk] fnsf kd| v' gf6ssf/x¿

afns[i0f ;d ufk] fnk|;fb l/dfn ufl] jGbaxfb/' dNn uf7] fn]

ljho dNn XborGbl| ;x+ kw| fg eLdlglw ltjf/L

jfz' zzL dfwj eF8f/L w|j' rGb| uft} d

df]xg/fh zdf { ufk] fn k/fhn' L cz]if dNn

;?eQm cle ;'j]bL si[ 0f zfx ofqL

38 5l/tf] gk] fnL – efu kfFr

KFF7 lr7L

^ Pl] txfl;s :ynsf] ed| 0f

efOalxgLx¿;uF † – ed| 0f ugfn{ ] s] s:tf] kmfObf xG' 5 <
– gk] fnsf sg' sg' Pl] txfl;s :ynsf] gfd hfgs] f 5f} <
– ltdLn] sg' sg' 7fpsF f] ed| 0f u/s] f 5f} <
– Pl] txfl;s :yn egs] f] s] xf] <

h'g :yfgdf Oltxf;sf dxŒjk0" f{ 36gfx¿ 36]sf lyP† tL :yfgx¿ Pl] txfl;s :yfg x'g\ . gk] fnsf] Oltxf;sf
dxŒjk0" f{ sfox{ ¿ ePsf o:tf :yfgx¿ sf7df8fF} pkTosfsf ltgj6} ;x/df 5g \ . sf7df8fsF} f] j;Gtk/' b/af/
Ifq] , nlntk/' sf] kf6g b/af/ Ifq] tyf eQmk'/sf] b/af/ If]q P]ltxfl;s dxŒjsf Ifq] x¿ xg'  \ . o:tf Ifq] x¿
sf7df8f}F pkTosf aflx/ klg k|z:t 5g\ . o:tf If]qsf] ed| 0f ugf{n] tL Ifq] sf] af/d] f hfgsf/L kf| Kt xG' 5†
Oltxf;df s] ePsf] /x]5 eGg] hfgsf/L kfOG5 . To;n} ] e|d0fsf] dxŒj w]/} x'G5 . tnsf] lr7Ldf Pp6f ;fyLn]
csf]{ ;fyLnfO{ cfÇgf] ed| 0fsf] af/]df hfgsf/L lbPsf] 5 . of] lr7L Wofg lbP/ k9 clg ed| 0faf6 lr7L nV] gn] ]
s]–s:tf s'/fx¿sf] 1fg kfP5 a'ˆg] k|of; u/ M

!= dlG8vf6f/, sf7df8f}F

@= ldlt @)&$÷!)÷)%

#= Kof/f] ;fyL,

$= w]/} w/] } ;D¹gf .

%= oxfF xfdL ;~r} 5fF} . ToxfF ltdL nufot kl/jf/sf ;Dk0" f{ ;b:ox¿df s'zntfsf] nflu bofn'

k/dZ] j/;uF k|fy{gf ub5{ ' . ltdLn] k7fPsf] lr7L lxhf] dfq d]/f] xft k¥of] . ltdLn] cfÇgf] zl} Ifs

e|d0fsf] af/d] f n]vs] f /x]5f} . ltdLn] lbPsf] hfgsf/L d/] f nflu 1fgj4s{ /Åof] . ltdLx¿n]

ed| 0fdf;fRF r}/dfOnf]u/]5f } .dtkf]v/fku' ]sf]5g} †ltdLn]aofgu/s] f];g' ]/dnfO{klghfpFmhfpFm

nflu;Sof] . ;fyL ¤ d ltdLnfO{ cfh cfk"mn] u/]sf] Pl] txfl;s :ynsf] e|d0fsf] af/]df hfgsf/L

u/fpFb} 5' .

^= xfdLnfO{ ljBfnoaf6 Pl] txfl;s :ynsf] e|d0fsf nflu sf7df8f}F pkTosfsf xgd' fg\ 9f]sf

/ kf6g b/af/ If]qx¿sf] ed| 0fdf nluPsf] lyof] . sf7df8fdF} f a:g] eP/ klg dn} ] tL b/af/

Ifq] x¿sf] ed| 0f u/]sf] lyOg F . sf7df8f}sF f] xg'dfg\ 9f]sf b/af/ If]qaf6 xfdLn] ed| 0fsf]

cf/De u¥ofF } . of] b/af/sf] åf/df xg'dfg\sf] 7"nf] dl" t{ /flvPsf] /x]5 . of] b/af/ P]ltxfl;s

k/d]Zj/ M k/d O{Zj/, k/dfTdf P]ltxfl;s :yn M Oltxf;;Fu ;DalGwt k'/fgf] 7fpF
1fgj4s{ M 1fg lbg] vfnsf] åf/ M 9fs] f, b}nf]

5l/tf] g]kfnL – efu kfFr 39

;ª\ux| fnosf] ¿kdf ljsf; ePsf] /x5]  . kf| rLg g]kfnsf] t:jL/ ags] f] of] ;ª\u|xfno x]g{
ljleGg b]zaf6 dflg; cfpbF f/x5] g\ . oxfF k[YjLgf/fo0f zfxn] lgdf0{ f u/s] f] gf}tn] b/af/
klg /x]5 . b/af/sf] aflx/ ljleGg rf]sx¿ /x5] g \ . ToxfF sft] 3/ klg /x]5 . dNnsfnLg
gk] fnsf] snf ¹Nsfpg] pQm b/af/sf] cf8df tnh] ' ejfgLsf] dlGb/ /x5]  . pQm dlGb/ b;sF} f]
gjdLsf] lbg dfq vN' bf/] x]5 . b/af/ tyf dlGb/sf] blng, 68F' fn tyf ˆofn9f]sfx¿df
slF' bPsf a'§f w]/} cfsif{s /x5] g\ . To;kl5 xfdL kf6g b/af/Ifq] lt/ nfUof}F . kf6g b/af/
If]qdf klg sf7df8fsF} f] h:t} snfs[ltsf] ;ª\ud /x5]  . ToxfF klg Pl] txfl;s ;ª\ux| fno /x]5 .
;fx}| /fdf| ];Fu ;hfP/ /flvPsf P]ltxfl;s ;fduL| x¿sf] cjnf]sg u/]/ xfdL kf6g b/af/sf]
aflx/L :j¿ksf] cjnfs] glt/ nfUof }F . kf6g b/af/df ljleGg rfs] x¿ agfOPsf /x]5g\ .
tL rfs] x¿sf] cfcfÇg} dxŒj /x5] g \ . xfdLn] kf6gdf kl| ;4 si[ 0fdlGb/sf] klg bzg{ u¥of F} .
dNnsfnLg /fhf l;l4g/l;x+ dNnn] lgdf{0f u/]sf] pQm dlGb/ gk] fnL jf:t'snfsf] cgk' d
pbfx/0f /x]5 . sf7df8f}sF f] b/af/ If]qdf h;/L ljleGg bj] Lb]jtfx¿sf] d"lt{ /flvPsf lyP .
To;/L g} kf6gdf klg ljleGg d"lt{x¿ cfsif{s :j¿kdf /flvPsf /x5] g\ . dNn /fhfx¿
Ps} sn' sf ePsfn] klg x'g;S5 . b/af/x¿df st} g st} Ps¿ktf el] 6Fbf] /x5]  . ljleGg
hgfj/x¿sf] eLdsfo k:| t/ dl" tx{ ¿, 68F' fn tyf tf]/0fdf a§' f sbF' g\ ] tl/sf, rfs] x¿sf] ;o+ fh] g
Ps} ks| f/sf /x5] g \ . c¹ s'df/L 3/ tyf tnh] ' ejfgLsf] dlGb/ b/af/ If]qx¿df lgdf{0f
ug]{ k/Dk/faf6 tn]h' ejfgLnfO{ dNnx¿ Oi6bj] Lsf ¿kdf cf/fwgf uy{] eGg] hfgsf/L klg
kfOof] .

&= ;fyL ¤ o:tf b/af/ If]qx¿ xfdf| ;f:+ s[lts w/fx] / x'g\ . logn] gk] fnL snfsf] k;| f/ u/]sf
5g \ . k|:t/ snf, sfi7 snf, jf:ts' nf cflbsf] dfq xf]Og tTsfnLg /fhfx¿sf] ;'/Iff gLltsf]
af/d] f klg tL b/af/ Ifq] x¿sf] lg/LIf0fkl5 hfgsf/L kf| Kt xG' 5 . xfdLn] lstfadf k9s] f s/' fx¿
kT| oIf bV] g kfOof] eg] c¹ /fd|/L aˆ' g ;lsG5 . To;}n] z}lIfs ed| 0fsf] w]/} dxŒj /xs] f] xf ] .
n t ;fyL n]VbfnV] b} lr7L t nfdf] kf] eP5 . ca cfhnfO{ olQ c¿ s/' f kl5 csf]{ kqdf
nv] fFn} f .

*= pxL ltdf| ] ldq

/dz]

;ªu\ |xfno M dxŒjk0" f{ / b'ne{ j:t'x¿ ;ªs\ ng u//] tf/] 0f M kj{ jf pT;jdf ;hfpg k"mnkftL plgPsf]
/flvPsf] 7fpF 8f/] L

sf]t3/ M xftxltof/, v/vhfgf /fVg] 3/ cgk' d M t'ngf x'g g;Sg,] a]hf8]
blng M 3/df tNnf yKbf lgbfn;Fu t]:ofO{ g] nfdf] cf/fwgf M b]jLbj] tfnfO{ k|;Gg kfg{ ul/g] kf| y{gf
w/f]x/ M kv' f{n] 5f8] ]/ uPsf] cd"No ;DklQ
sf7 k:| t/ M kTy/, 9ª' \uf]
68'F fn M 3/sf] an;] Lsf] 5fgf] c8o\ fpg] sf7 jf:t'snf M ejg, dlGb/ cflb lgdf0{ f ug]{ snf
eLdsfo M 7"nf] / 8/nfUbf] z/L/ ePsf]

40 5l/tf] gk] fnL – efu kfrF

(= vfdsf] gd'gf

k7fpg]
/d]z dxhg{
dlG8vf6f/, sf7df8f}F

kfpg]
/fhz] dxhg{
e/tk/' , lrtjg

cEof;

zAb 1fg

!= tnsf zAbx¿ z'4;uF pRrf/0f u/ M
dxŒj, k[YjLgf/fo0f, :yn, ;ªu\ d, snfsl[ t, l;l4g/l;x+ , eLdsfo
@= jfSodf k|ofu] u/ M
b]jLb]jtf, ;fx|}, dlGb/, g}, cfsif{s, xfdL
#= tnsf zAbsf] cy{ nv] M
w/f]x/, eLdsfo, ;ª\ux| fno, sft] 3/, åf/, tf]/0f
$= z4' kf/]/ nv] M
d sR5f kfrF df k9g] lawfyL{ x 'F .
%= dflysf] lr7Laf6 rGb|ljGbs' f] ko| f]u ePsf kfrF j6f zAbx¿ l6k/] n]v .
^= pN6f] cy{ lbg] zAb nv] M
k|frLg, bj] tf, lbg, lzlIft, b/af/

5l/tf] gk] fnL – efu kfFr 41

&= hf]8f ldnfpm M 9'ª\uf]
blng bn} f]
tf]/0f 3/df tNnf yKbf lgbfn;uF t]:ofO{ g] nfdf] sf7
cg'kd t'ngf xg' g;Sg]
åf/ k"mnkftL plgPsf] 8f/] L jf dfnf
k|:t/

k7g af]w

!= tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] Ps jfSodf pQ/ bp] m M
s_ dflysf] lr7L s;n] s;nfO{ nv] s] f] xf] <
v_ dflysf] lr7L s'g ldltdf nl] vPsf] xf] <
u_ xgd' fg\ 9f]sf b/af/sf] åf/df ss] f] d"lt{ 5 <
3_ s'g dlGb/ b;}sF f] gjdLsf] lbgdf dfq v'Nbf] /x5] <
ª_ gf}tn] b/af/ s;n] lgdf{0f u/fPsf xg' \ <
r_ s[i0f dlGb/ sxfF kb{5 / of] dlGb/ s;n] lgdf0{ f u/fPsf x'g\ <
5_ dNnx¿ tnh] ' ejfgLnfO{ s] sf] ¿kdf cf/fwgf uy]{ <

@= tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] pQ/ nv] M
s_ kf6g b/af/ s:tf] b/af/ xf] <
v_ dflysf] lr7Laf6 ltdLn] xgd' fg\ 9f]sf b/af/ If]qsf] af/d] f s:tf] hfgsf/L kfof} <

l;hg{ f

!= cfÇgf] dgdf nfu]sf s/' fx¿ c¿nfO{ n]v/] k7fpg] dfWodnfO{ lr7L elgG5 . JolQmut lr7L
/ sfof{noLo lr7L u//] lr7L b'O{ k|sf/sf 5g\ . JolQmut lr7LnfO{ 3/fo;L lr7L klg elgG5 .
3/fo;L lr7L kl/jf/sf ;b:ox¿, Oi6ldq tyf ;fyLefOnfO{ nl] vg] lr7L xf] eg] sfofn{ oLo
lr7L sfof{nonfO{ n]lvg] lr7L xf ] . o:tf] lr7LnfO{ lgjb] g elgG5 . lgjb] g n]Vg] vf; tl/sf
xG' 5 . tl/sf k¥' ofP/ n]lvPg eg] lgj]bg aGbg}  . kf7df lbOPsf] lr7L s:tf] lr7L xf], yfxf
kfof} <

@= cfkm" n] e|d0f u/]sf] s'g} :yfgsf] j0f{g u/]/ ;fyLnfO{ lr7L n]v .

#= labfdf 3/ cfpbF f /fdf| /fdf| syfsf lstfa NofOlbg cg/' fw] u/]/ ;x/df a;s] f sfsfnfO{
lr7L nv]  .

42 5l/tf] gk] fnL – efu kfrF

Jofs/0f

!= jfSodf lj|mofsf] ljz]iftf a¹' fpg cfpg] cJoo ljm| ofljz]if0f xf] . lj|mofljzi] f0fnfO{ ljm| ofofu] L

klg elgG5 . lj|mofljz]if0fn] ljz]if0fsf] klg ljzi] ftf a'¹fp5“  .

sflts{ cfÇgf] sfd v'?v?' u5 { . ;kmf;u“ xft wf]P/ dfq vfgf vfpm .

kfjt{ L w]/} ldlxg]tL 5 ] . ;f“¹ kg{ nfUof] km6fkm6 lx8“  .

cÇhn Hofb} b'Anf] 5 . cfdf leq xg' 'x'G5 .

aa' f ;a/] } p7\gx' G' 5 . uf}/L 5d5d gfR5] .

jfSodf k|of]u ePsf zAbx¿ lj|mofljzi] f0f x'g\ ls xfO] gg\ eg/] lrGg slxn], sxf,F

s;/L, lsg eg/] kZ| g ;f]Wg ;lsG5 .

@= ldNbf] lj|mofljzi] f0f zAb e/]/ jfSo k/" f u/ M
s_ ltdL ================== of] sfd u/ .
v_ d}n] t lstfa Nofpg ================== la;]{5 ' .
u_ dnfO{ ================== ;fgf] efO /dfof] .
3_ ltdLn] ================== bM' v lbof} .
ª_ cl:dtf ================== cdl] /sfdf 5 ] .

#= dflysf] kf7af6 ljm| ofljz]if0f zAbx¿ vf]h/] n]v .

ljzi] f 1fg

g]kfnsf k|d'v bz{gLo :ynx¿

j;Gtk'/ b/af/ Ifq] , kf6g b/af/ Ifq] , eQmk/' b/af/ If]q,
:joDeg" fy, af}4gfy, a"9fgLns07, bfdg, kgft} L, gj' fsf6] b/af/
If]q, uf]/vf b/af/ If]q, kfv] /f, dl' Qmgfy, nl' DagL, kfNkf, xn;] L,

hgsk'/, Onfd, n'Snf, uf;] fOFs'08, ;f/} fxf, dgfª, tftfk] fgL,
3f]8]kfgL

5l/tf] gk] fnL – efu kfFr 43

KFF7 sljtf
cl3 a9\g] /x/
& – gj/fh nD;fn

efOalxgLx¿;uF †

– ltdLn] 7n" f] ePkl5 s] aGg] ;kgf bv] s] f 5f} < – ltdf| ] ;kgf k/" f ug{ ltdf| cleefjsn] s] ugk{' nf{ <

– cfÇgf] ;kgf k/" f ug{ s] ugk{' 5{ < – ;kgf bv] /] dfq k/" f xG' 5 ls To;sf nflu >d
klg ugk{' 5{ <

dflg; eP/ hGd lnPkl5 p;sf cgs] ks| f/sf ;kgfx¿ x'G5g \ . p;sf w/] } stJ{ o /
pQ/bfloTj klg x'G5 . cfÇgf] stJ{ o Odfgbf/ eP/ k"/f ug{' g} dfgjLo hLjgsf] dn"
p2]Zo xf ] . cfhsf afnaflnsf g} ef]ln uP/ bz] ;~rfng ug{] 7"nf JolQm aG5g \ . pgLx¿n]
/fdf| ] jftfj/0f kfP eg] dfq pgLx¿sf] ;/' lIft eljio lgdf{0f xG' 5 . ;xL jftfj/0f /
lzIffbLIff kfPgg\ eg] pgLx¿sf] eljio klg pHHjn x'g ;Sbg}  .

8f=gj/fh nD;fn -lj=;+=@)@^_ gk] fnL ;flxTodf slj tyf uLtsf/sf ¿kdf ;k' l/lrt 5g\ . logsf kfOn}lkR5]
;u/dfyf, cfuf] 5fk] /] sltGhn] , w'gleq wg' aflx/, s0f{ h:tf sl[ tx¿ k|sflzt 5g \ . /l] 8of] gk] fnaf6 ;d' w'/
:j/df sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug]{ nD;fn sljtfdf klg plTts} dw'/ z}nLdf cfÇgf s/' fx¿ k:| tt' u5{g \ . logn]
rnlrqx¿sf nflu klg uLt n]v]sf 5g\ . b]zsf] df6fn] fO{ dfof ug{] slj nD;fnsf] ‘cl3 a9\g] /x/’ sljtfdf
Pp6f afnsn] cfÇgf] cleefjs tyf ;dfhsf 7"nf dflg;x¿;uF cfÇgf] ;kgf ;g' fPsf] 5 . ;+;f/df cgs' y/L
dflg;x? 5g\ . dflg;x?sf cfcfÇg} :jefj xG' 5g\ t/ sljtfdf cfk"m cnu aGg] OR5f ;'gfOPsf] 5 . c¿eGbf
k[ys\ cfÇg} klxrfg v'Ng] u/L b]z / ;dfhdf cfk"mnfO{ :yflkt u/fpg rfxg] ;kgf sljtfdf JoSt ePsf] 5 .
;as} f] Kof/f] xg' , gofF / km/s sfo{ ub}{ cl3 a9g\ 'k5{ . Odfgbf/ xg' 'k5{ To;f] eP lgZro klg cl3 a9g\ ;lsG5
eGg] efj sljtfdf JoSt ePsf] 5 . c? yk s/' f sljtf k9/] a'¹ M

k9F" n]vF" hfg"F lx8F 8n' u¿F 1fg a6n' F"
km'n"F cfkm}cF fkmF} s;' d' h;/L km'Nb5 kmn' "F
u¿F xftd] fnf] ;al;t ldnL kj{t r9"F
gofF af6f] vfH] b} k|ult kydf lx8F \g' 5 lxF8F" . ..$..

s;' 'd M s';d' kjt{ M kxf8
xft]dfnf ] M xft ldnfpg] jf ldNg] sfd ky M af6f]

44 5l/tf] gk] fnL – efu kfrF

;a} dfG5] p:t} t/ 5 ;adf 1fg km/s
5 cfgLafgLn] ;alt/ ;bf dfg km/s
l6kL gfn} f] df]tL lzv/ lz/df r9\g' 5 r9"F
gofF af6f] vf]Hb} k|ult kydf lx8F \g' 5 lx8F F" . ..*..

agF" 1fgL gfgL ;'dw'/ agf];\ cf; dw/' f]
km'ng" \ cfzf /fdf| dudu 5¿F af; dw/' f]
lx8F" lx8F b\ flxF8\b} 7d7d lxF8"F eL/ d r9"F
gofF af6f] vfH] b} k|ult kydf lxF8g\ ' 5 lxF8"F . ..!@..

;bf xfF:g] afN] g] ;'dw/' x'g] :jR5 d x'g]
;a} ;DemL cfÇgf glhs /xg] b"/ gx'g]
agF" HoFb" fh] fUbf] jrg ann] dfl:t/ a9"F
gofF af6f] vf]Hb} ku| lt kydf lx8F g\ ' 5 lxF8"F . ..!^..

;bf M ;w}F ;d' w/' M dw/' f,] dL7f]
lzv/ M r'nL, rr' /' f] b/" M 6f9f
dudu M af:gf rNbfsf] lsl;d dfg M bhf,{ OHht, cfb/
7d7d M lxF8\bfsf] lsl;d

cEof;

zAb 1fg

!= tnsf zAbx? z'4;uF pRrf/0f u/ M

xftd] fnf], 1fgL, k|ult, jrg, /fd|f, :jR5
@= jfSodf ko| fu] u/ M

cfÇgf, af6f], gf}nf], cfkm,}F glhs, k|ult
#= cy{ n]v M

kj{t, lzv/, ky, b/" , s';d'
$= tnsf zAbsf] ljk/Lt cy{ lbg] zAb nv] M

lz/, 1fg, glhs, gof,F cfzf, dfl:t/

5l/tf] gk] fnL – efu kfrF 45

%= a9"F – lx8F F" h:t} sljtfaf6 cgk' |f; ldns] f zAbx? l6k .
^= z4' kf//] nv] M

lx88n' , dUdu, df]lt, cfkmgf, /fd/f
&= tnsf zAb / cys{ f aLrdf hf]8f ldnfpm M

xft]dfnf ] lx8F b\ fsf] lsl;d

;d' w/' bhf{, OHht

;bf af:gf rNbfsf] lsl;d

dfg xft ldnfpg] jf ldNg] sfd

dudu ;wF}

7d7d dw'/f,] dL7f]

k7g af]w

!= tnsf kZ| gx?sf] PsPs jfSodf pTt/ nv] M
s_ ‘cl3 a9\g] /x/’ sljtf s;n] nv] s] f xg' \ <
v_ sljn] s:tf] af6f]df lx8F g\ rfx]sf 5g\ <
u_ sljn] sf];uF glhs /xg] s/' f atfPsf 5g\ <
3_ sn] ] ubf{ dflg;sf] ;alt/ dfg km/s xG' 5 <
ª_ sljn] cfkm}F s;/L k'mNg'k5{ egs] f 5g\ <

@= dflysf] sljtfsf cfwf/df tnsf] vfnL 7fpF k/" f u/ M
;a} ========== p:t} ======== 5 ;adf ========== km/s
========== cfgLafgLn] =========== ;bf =========== km/s
l6kL ============= df]tL ============ lz/df ============= r9"F
=========== af6f] vf]Hb} ================ kydf ============ lx8F F" .

#= 7Ls a7] Ls 56' \ofpm M
s_ ‘cl3 a9g\ ] /x/’ sljtf l;l4r/0f >i] 7n] n]vs] f x'g\ .
v_ sljn] ;al;t xft]dfnf] ug{ rfx]sf 5g\ .

46 5l/tf] gk] fnL – efu kfrF

u_ sljn] s;};uF xfF:g] af]Ng] ug{'x'Gg eg]sf 5g\ .
3_ ;a} dfG5] p:t} eP klg ltgdf 1fg km/s x'G5 .
ª_ sljtfdf k9\g,' n]Vg' / 1fg a6'Ngx' 'Fb}g elgPsf] 5 .

$= tnsf kZ| gx?sf] pTt/ b]pm M
s_ sljn] ‘cl3 a9g\ ] /x/’ sljtfdf s]s] ug{] OR5f JoSt u/s] f 5g\ <
v_ sljsf kfrF j6f /x/x? n]v .

%= cy{ n]v M
l6kL gf}nf] dft] L lzv/ lz/df r9\g' 5 r9F"
gofF af6f] vfH] b} ku| lt kydf lx8F \g' 5 lxF8"F .

^= ‘cl3 a9g\ ] /x/’ sljtfdf sljn] JoSt u/]sf s'/fx? cfÇgf] z}nLdf aofg u/ .

l;hg{ f

!= tnsf] sljtf k/" f u/ clg zLif{s klg /fv M
d/] f] ;fgf] k"mnaf/Ldf /ª\uLrª\uL km" n
km" ndfly a;s] f 5g\ dfx'/Lsf ============== .
k"mn h:t} sf]dn 5f}F cfh xfdL ;fgf
====================================================
km" n h:t} ;a}nfO{ x;F fpg ;S5fF}
====================================================
k9L nv] L ljsf;sf] sfd u5f}{+ xfdL
km" n h:t} ;'jf; 55f{}+ ================= .
b]z h:tf] 7n" f] :ju{ cGt el] 6bF g}
====================================================

@= ltdL cfkm" nfO{ dg k/s] f] sg' } Pp6f ljifodf sljtf nv] ]/ sIffdf ;a}nfO{ ;g' fpm .

Jofs/0f

!= tnsf jfSox¿ Wofg lbP/ k9 M
– l/lbsf, ;h' ftf, kjg / /f]lxt /dfOnf] d]nf x]g{ uP .
– xfdL cfk“ , s/] f, gf:kftL tyf cªu\ '/ lsgf“ } .

5l/tf] gk] fnL – efu kfrF 47

– 3g]Gb| laxfg h'?Ss p7\5 clg Jofofd u5 { .
– ltdLn] uLt ufof} eg] d uLt ufp“5 ' .
dflysf jfSodf cfPsf /, tyf, clg, eg] h:tf zAbx¿ ;o+ f]hs x'g\ .
@= b'O{ jf ;fe] Gbf a9L zAb tyf pkjfSox¿nfO{ hf]8g\ ] cJoonfO{ ;+ofh] s elgG5 . hf,] hg' ,

h;n,] ha, h], hxf“, /, jf, klg, lsgls, lsgeg,] To;n} ], t/, clg, klg, gq, t/ cflb zAbx¿
;o+ fh] s xg'  \ .
#= ldNg] ;+of]hs 5fg/] tnsf jfSo k"/f u/ M
s_ =========== ;'/]z cfp“5 =========== ¿ks cfp“5 . -ls ls, cyjf_
v_ oS' t =========== ;'lhGb| ldNg] ;fyL x'g\ . -/, klg_
u_ j?0f cfof] =========== c?0f cfof] < -ls, eg]_
3_ clg; eft vfb“ }g =========== rfprfp vfG5 . -lsgls, t/_
ª_ lblnk w]/} k9\5 =========== ky| d x'b“ g}  . -tfklg, klg_
r_ s?0ff km' 6an =========== vN] 5], lqms6] =========== vN] 5 ] . -klg,klg÷t/, t/_

ljz]if 1fg

5Gb
dfly kf7df lbOPsf] sljtf pkhflt 5Gbdf n]lvPsf] 5 . 5Gb egs] f] sljtfdf k|of]u ePsf]
no xf] . ;:+ st[ ;flxTodf k|rlnt 5Gbx¿dWo] s]xL gk] fnL sljtfdf klg kr| lnt 5g \ . cIf/
;ª\Vof tyf sljtfdf cfpg] x:| jbL3{ -dfqf_sf cfwf/df 5Gbsf ljleGg gfd 5g \ . s]xL
k|rlnt 5Gbx¿ o;ks| f/ 5g\ M
pkhflt, zfbn"{ ljqmLl8t, dGbfqmfGtf, cgi' 6k' , dflngL, eh' ªu\ ko| ft, k~rrfd/, ;l| Uj0fL, tf6] s,
;U| w/f, jz+ :y, pkhflt cflb . 5Gb vf;df s] xf] < o;sf] ;/+ rgf s;/L tof/ xG' 5 < eGg] s/' f
dflyNnf sIffx¿df k9fn} f .

48 5l/tf] g]kfnL – efu kfrF

KFF7 syf

rt/' ]* – wL/sd' f/ >i] 7

efOalxgLx¿;uF †

– uf7] fnf] hfg' egs] f] s] xf] < – ltdL slxNo} uf7] fnf] uPsf 5f} <
– r/f p8s] f] bv] /] ltdLnfO{ p8g\ dg nfU5 <
– cfsfzdf p8s] f] xjfOh{ xfh bv] /] ltdf| ] dgdf s:tf]
ljrf/ cfp5F <

afnaflnsfx¿ ;fgf;fgf s/' fdf klg Wofg lbg] vfnsf x'G5g\ . pgLx¿ cfkm" eGbf 7n" fn]
u/]sf] sfo{ s;/L u5{g,\ lsg u5g{ \ cflb ;f]R5g \ . r/f h:t} p8\g tyf df5f h:t} kfl} 8g
?rfpg] afnaflnsfx¿ cgf}7f s'/fx¿ u5g{ \, cgf}7f] :jefj bv] fp5F g \ . afnaflnsfn]
vn] s} qmddf w]/} s'/fx¿ l;ls/xs] f x'G5g\ . slxn] /fd|f] s/' f l;S5g\ t slxn] g/fd|f] .
g/fd|f] s'/f l;ss] f 5g\ eg] cleefjsn] To;nfO{ ;Rofpgk' 5{ clg dfq pgLx¿ ;xL af6f]
lx8F \g ;S5g \ .

wL/sd' f/ >i] 7 -lj=;=+ @)!%_ gk] fnL ;flxTosf] syf tyf lgaGw ljwfdf snd rnfpg] ;i| 6f xg'  \ . logsf cf/De
cyf{t\ ;'?jft -syf;ªu\ x| _, w'/ -pkGof;_, tGb|fdf cd]l/sf -xf:oJoªU\ o lgaGw;ª\ux| _, h]af| qml;ª -;lrq
afnsyf_, xnf] hf]t] vfP dfd -afnsyf;ª\ux| _ sl[ tx¿ k|sflzt 5g\ . logL . :yfgLo / /fli6o« åGånfO{ ;/n /
;xh efiffz}nLdf ;l6s k|:tl' t lbG5g\ . logsf] nv] gsf] p2]Zo ;dfh ;w' f/ xf ] . afn;flxTodf logL jftfj/0fLo
r]tgf, st{Joafw] , pksf/L efjgf, lzIffkl| tsf] ?lr, ;"rgf kl| jlwsf] ;bk' ofu] x'gk' g{] h:tf ;Gb]z kj| fx u5g{ \ .
rt/' ] syfdf afndgf]lj1fgsf] ko| f]u ul/Psf] 5 . rt/' ]sf] dfWodaf6 afnaflnsfdf xg' ] lh1f;' :jefjsf] lrq
ptfl/Psf] 5 . afnaflnsf s;/L ;fdfGo s/' fdf klg Wofg lbFbg} g\ / kl5 To;sf] kl/0ffdaf6 ¹:sg k'U5g\ eGg]
s'/f syfdf /fr] s kf/fn] JoQm ePsf] 5 . yk s'/f tnsf] syf k9/] a¹' M

!= 6f9fsf] ufpdF f rt/' ] gfdsf] s6] f] a:Yof ] . p;sf afac' fdf ul/a lyP . csfs{ f] 3/vt] df Hofnf–
dhb/' L uy {] .

@= p;n] Ps lbg cfsf;df hxfh p8s] f] bV] of ] . p;nfO{ crDd nfUof ] . ;fR] of,] ‘r/f h:t} p8g\ ] Tof]
s] xfn] f <’

#= p;n] pkm]| / hxfhnfO{ 5g' vfH] of ] . ;sg] a¿ ab' S'| s plkm| bF f v§' fsf] ;Gtn' g ldng]  . pm n8o\ f] .
hxfhnfO{ 5'g g;s]/ n8s] fn] ] cfsfzlt/ x/] /] eGof], ‘cfaO'  ¤ slt cUnf] /x5]  ¤’

Hofnf–dhb'/L M Hofnf kfpgsf nflu ul/g] >d cfaO' M 8/, xif,{ pNnf; cflb hgfpg ko| fu] xg' ] zAb
a'b'|Ss M sg' } kf| 0fL pkm| bF fsf] lsl;d

5l/tf] gk] fnL – efu kfFr 49

$= kml] / pkm| /] 5'g vf]Hof ] . km]l/ ;s]g . kml] /
k5fl/of] . To;kl5 eGof], ‘cfx] f ] ¤ slt
dfly /x]5 ¤’

%= p;sf] 3F'8fdf 3fp nfUof ] . 3fp xb] }{
eGof,] ‘cfDd} lg ¤ slt 7"nf] 3fp nfu5]  ¤
/ut klg aUg yfn5]  .’

^= p;nfO{ l/; p7\of ] . 5]psf] 9ª' \uf
prfn/] hxfhlt/ xfGof] / eGof,] ‘n' hf,
t/] Ldf aHof ¤ dnfO{ n8fpg] tF} xfO] g; \ ¤’

&= 9ª' \uf cfsfzlt/ uPsf] b]v/] pm /dfof],
‘ca e6] \nf;\ dhf . dn} ] xfg]sf] 9'ª\uf]n]
nfUbf rfn kfp5F ; \ .’

*= p;n] jgdf afvf| r/fpg hfbF f r/fnfO{
9ª' u\ f] xfgs] f] 36gf ;lD¹g yfNof] .

(= afvf| nfO{ jgdf rg{ 5f8/] pm r/f nv6] g\
yfNYof ] . 5p] sf] 9ª' u\ f] l6k/] r/fnfO{
xfGYof ] . p;sf] lgzfgf crs' lyof ] .
9ª' u\ f] nfu/] r/f p;sf cufl8 ¹//]
kmœofskmœofs uYof {] . pm /dfP/ r/fnfO{
;dfTg sb' Y\ of ] .

!)= hxfhnfO{ 9ª' u\ f] xflg;sk] l5 klg pm sB' f ] . s2' fs2' } sNkgf ug{ yfNof,] ‘ca 7n" f] r/f] ¹5{ /
RofKk ;dfT5 ' .’

!!= pm 7n" f] r/f] ¹/]sf] sNkgf ug{ yfNof], ‘;fgf] 9ª' \uf] xfgs] f] t 7"nf] r/f] kf] ¹¥of] ¤’

dgdg} v';L eof,] ‘dn} ] 7n" f] r/f] v;fn F] ¤ ca kfn] /] vfG5' .’

!@= pm sNkgf ug{ yfNof] . 7n" f] r/fn] fO{ eT' NofP/ gfª\uf] kf/]sf ] . r/fs] f] kv]6f sf6/] bO' { 6'qmf
kf/]sf] . 3f6F L l5gfPsf ] . k6] lr//] cfGb|fe'F8L lgsfns] f] . r/fn] fO{ 6'qmf6'qmf kf/s] f] . clg
j/k/sf] ˆof;¹;' hDdf kf/]/ cfuf] ;NsfPsf ] . cfufd] f r/f]sf] df;' kf]n]sf] . kfN] b} ubf{
dgdg} ;lD¹of], ‘cxf ¤ slt dL7f] xfn] f 7n" f] r/f]sf] df; ' .’

lgzfgf M ;ª\s]t, lrgf,] 5fk RofKk M gpDsg] u/L ;dfpbF fsf] lsl;d
cr's M slxNo} v]/ ghfg] ˆof;¹;' M ;s' s] f] ¹f/kft, kltª\u/
kmœofskmœofs M /f]u, lk8f, b'Mv cflbn] l;ls:t ePsf]

50 5l/tf] g]kfnL – efu kfFr