!#= kml] / ;lD¹of], ‘cfh t k6] el/ vfG5' 7"nf] r/f]sf] df; ' ¤ cfkmn' ] vfO;s/] cfh t cfdfafnfO{
klg nlulbG5' .’
!$= p;n] cfdfaf v;' L ePsf] sNkgf u¥of] . cfdfafn] :ofaf;L lbPsf] ;lD¹of], ‘:ofaf; 5f/] f ¤
t}nF ] xfdf| ] w/] } lbgb]lvsf] ef]s d6] g\ ] eO;\ .’
!%= afan' ] cfdfnfO{ egs] f] ;lD¹of,] ‘b]lv;,\ d]/f] 5f/] fn] ] slt 7n" f] Ond u¥of ] ¤’
!^= cfdfn] afa;' Fu k|ltjfb u/L, ‘cF xf]nf tkfO{+sf] dfQ} 5f/] f] ¤’
!&= afan' ] yk k|ltjfb u/,] ‘clg s:sf] t < t]/f] <’
!*= cfdfn] ykL, ‘clg s] Q ¤ tkfOs+{ f] dfQ} 5f]/f] xf] t ¤’
!(= p;sf afan' ] km]l/ yk,] ‘geP s] Q ¤ olt ;fg} pd]/df o:tf] Ond ug{] 5f]/f] s:sf] xG' 5 <’
@)= cfdfn] ykL, ‘c“ xf]nf ¤ ;k|] d]/f] 5f]/f] lau|] t/] f] 5f]/f ] . s:tf] crDd ¤’
@!= afa'n] eg], ‘n eu} f]–eu} f,] xfdL bj' s} f] 5f]/f] . ca t eof] <’
@@= cfdfn] egL, ‘lsg g'xg' ' . ;frF f] s'/f] u/] t ex} fN5 lg .’
@#= afa'n] pmlt/ kms/{] eg,] ‘;frF f] s'/f] t t/] L cfdfnfO{ klg dg kbf/]{ x5] .’
@$= cfdfn] klg pmlt/ kms/]{ egL, ‘dnfO{ dfQ} lsg ¤ ;frF f] s'/f] ;an} fO{ dg k5 { .’
@%= afan' ] km]l/ eg], ‘d}n] egs] f] eg/] n]lv/fv\ . of] kl5 c;n dfG5] x'G5 .’
@^= cfdfn] egL, ‘n]Vg hfg] kf] nV] g ' . sfnf] cIf/ eF};L a/fa/ 5 .’
@&= afa' ¹Nof:F ; eP, ‘cF ;fRF rL ¤ xfDn] t k9\g} hfGof 5}gd\ Sof/] ¤’
@*= cfdfn] 5f]/fl] t/ bv] fpbF } egL, ‘xfDn] k9g\ ghfg] klg o;nfO{ k9fpgk' 5 { .’
@(= afan' ] ;xdlt yfk], ‘s/' f] t 7Ls} xf ] . t/ sfF’af6 k9fpg] <’
#)= cfdfn] egL, ‘hfF’af6 eP klg k9fpgk' 5{ .’
#!= afan' ] kl| tjfb u/,] ‘hf’F af6 eg] klg s] ug' { ¤ laxfga]ns' f vfg t kU' b}g ¤’
#@= cfdfn] egL, ‘Hofnf–dhb/' L u//] eP klg k9fpg'k5{ .’
##= afan' ] eg], ‘unf;{ \ ¤ o:t} l;s6' ] Hofgn] Hofnf–dhb/' L ¤’
#$= cfdfn] egL, ‘ltdL xl] /dfQ} /fv g ¤ o;nfO{ d s]–s] u//] k9fp5F ' .’
#%= afan' ] eg,] ‘n'–n', gd/L afrF ] sfnn] ;fFr], xfdL klg x/] Dnf ¤ Pn] ] kml" t{ nfpgkb}g{ .’
#^= ToxL a]nf dsa} f/Ldf Pp6f afFb/ bv] fk¥of ] .
Ond M dflg;n] ug{] k];f, Joj;fo, /f]huf/ k|ltjfb M s;}sf] egfO jf ljrf/nfO{ unt l;4 ug{]
¹NofF:; M lgbfPsf] a]nf PSsfl; lap¹F bfsf] lsl;d sfd, c;xdlt
l;s'6] M kftnf] lhpsf,] b'Anf]
5l/tf] g]kfnL – efu kfFr 51
#&= afan' ] eg], ‘of] k6s\ ] kml] / stfaf6 cfOk'Uof] < ds} vfg .’
#*= afa'n] 9'ª\uf] l6k]/ afbF /nfO{ xfg] . t/ afFb/n] 5Nof] . pgn] km]l/ csf{] 9'ª\uf] l6k/] lxsfP{ .
afbF /n] kml] / 5Nof] . pN6} bfFt lªRr bv] fP/ afan' fO{ lh:Sofpg kf] yfNof ] . afa'n] csf]{ 9'ª\uf]
l6k/] lxsfP{ . afbF /n] kml] / klg pkm| ]/ 5Nof ] . afa'n] kml] / klg csf{] 9ª' u\ f] l6k/] lxsf{P .
#(= o;k6s eg] 9ª' u\ f] afbF /nfO{ xfO] g, p;sf] lgwf/df nfUof,] ‘cfdf ¤ afn] afbF /nfO{ xfgs] f] 9ª' u\ f]
t dnfO{ kf] nfUof ] .’
$)= pm sNkgfaf6 ¹Nof:F ; laplF ¹of] . jf:tjdf p;n] hxfhnfO{ xfg]sf] 9'ª\uf] cfsfzaf6 ¹//]
p;n} fO{ nfu]sf] lyof ] .
$!= p;n] lgwf/ 5fDof], ‘cfDd} lg ¤ lgwf/af6 t /ut klg kf] aUg yfn]5 .’
$@= bj' } xftn] 6Dd lgwf/df ;dft/] /ut aUg lbPg / p;n] ;lD¹of,] ‘hyfefjL 9ª' u\ f] xfGg gxg' ]
/x5] . c¿nfO{ xfgs] f] 9ª' u\ fn] ] cfkmnF} fO{ klg nfUg] /x5] . ca slxNo} hyfefjL 9ª' u\ f] xflGbg F .’
k6s\ ] M ufOj{ :tn' fO{ ufnL ubf{ elgg] zAb hyfefjL M h] kfof] ToxL j:t' jf ljifo, dgk/L
lªRr M bftF b]vfpbF f jf xfF:bfsf] lsl;d
52 5l/tf] g]kfnL – efu kfFr
cEof;
zAb 1fg
!= tnsf zAbx¿ z'4;uF pRrf/0f u/ M
9'ªu\ f, dfQ}, crDd, afv|f, lh:Sofpg, kmœofskmœofs
@= jfSodf k|ofu] u/ M
cfdf, km]l/, ;fFrf,] c;n, cfDd} lg, sfnf] cIf/ eF};L a/fa/
#= dflysf] syfaf6 s'g} kfrF j6f cg's/0ffTds zAb vf]h]/ n]v .
h:t} M RofKk
$= tnsf zAbsf] cy{ n]v M
k|ltjfb, ¹Nof:F ;, Ond, l;s6' ,] hyfefjL, cr's
%= tnsf zAbsf] ljk/Lt cy{ lbg] zAb nv] M
ufp,F cfsfz, 7"nf], c;n, ;xdlt, ;frF f]
^= dflysf] syfaf6 rGb|ljGb' nfu]sf s'g} kfFr cf6] f zAb nv] .
&= z'4 kf//] nv] M
afan' ] km]/L eg], ‘dn} ] egs] f] eg/] n]vL/fv of] k5L czn\ dfGIf] xG" 5 .
*= syfdf afn] rfndf cfpg] sYo ¿ksf sx] L zAbx¿ ko| f]u ePsf 5g\ . ltgsf] nV] o ¿k tn
lbOPsf] 5 . Wofg lbP/ k9 M
sYo ¿k n]Vo ¿k
aHof alhof
n' hf nf} hf
s:sf] s;sf]
dfQ } dfq}
ex} fN5 eOxfN5
hf’F af6 hxfFaf6
xfDn ] xfdLn]
sfF’af6 sxfFaf6
eu} f] eOuof]
x/] Dnf x/] fFn} f
5l/tf] g]kfnL – efu kfrF 53
k7g afw]
!= tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] Ps jfSodf pQ/ bp] m M
s_ ‘rt/' ]’ syf s;n] n]v]sf x'g\ <
v_ rt'/]sf afac' fdf s:tf lyP <
u_ rt'/] lsg n8\of] <
3_ afvf| r/fpg jg hfbF f rt/' ] s] uYof]{ <
ª_ afa'n] 9ª' u\ f] l6k/] s;nfO{ xfg] <
r_ cfdfn] rt/' ]nfO{ s;/L k9fpg] s'/f ul/g\ <
5_ rt/' ] lsg dgdg} v;' L eof] <
h_ 9'ª\uf]n] s;nfO{ nfUof] <
@= JofVof u/ M
c¿nfO{ xfgs] f] 9ª' u\ fn] ] cfkmnF} fO{ klg nfUg] /x5] . ca slxNo} hyfefjL 9'ªu\ f] xflGbg F .
#= tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ n]v M
s_ rt/' ] s:tf] :jefjsf] afns lyof] <
v_ rt'/n] ] r/f] df/]/ s] s] ug]{ sNkgf ug{ yfNof] <
u_ rt'/]n] lsg hyfefjL 9'ª\uf] gxfGg] ljrf/ u¥of] <
3_ ‘rt/' ]’ syfn] lbg] ;Gbz] s] xf] < :ki6 kf/ .
$= nfdf] pQ/ bp] m M
s_ ‘rt/' ’] syf k9/] a'¹s] f] s'/f cfÇg} zAbdf n]v .
v_ rt/' s] f] :jefjdf kfOg] ljz]iftfx¿ cfÇg} efiffdf n]v .
l;hg{ f
!= tn lbOPsf] hfgsf/Lsf] cfwf/df Pp6f syf n]v clg zLifs{ klg /fv M
Pp6f Jofkf/L ================ ;fdfgdf ld;fj6 ug{] ================ od/fhnfO{ l/; p7]/
af]nfpg' ================ lrquK' tn] alxvftf vf]Ng' ================Jofkf/LnfO{ pkl:yt u/fpg'
====================== ‘t}Fn] /fd|f] / g/fd|f] bj' } sfd u/s] fn] :ju{ / gs{ bj' } 7fp“ hfg'k5{’ eGg]
od/fhsf] plQm ================ Jofkf/LnfO{ klxnf stf hfg] eg/] ;fW] g' ================ Jofkf/Ln]
odnfs] dn" af6f] ePsfn] st} guO{ ToxLF a;/] lrof eP klg a]Rg] OR5f k|s6 ug'{ .
@= ltdLn] v/fof] / s5j' fsf] syf ;g' s] f 5f,} ;g' s] f 5g} f} eg] lzIfs jf cleefjsaf6 ;g' /] cfÇgf]
sfkLdf nv] M
54 5l/tf] g]kfnL – efu kfFr
Jofs/0f
!= dfG5s] f] dgdf pTkGg xg' ] xif{ la:dft, cfZro,{ v;' L, 30[ ff h:tf s/' fx¿ ks| 6 ug{ ko| fu] ul/g]
cJoo zAbnfO{ lj:doflbafw] s elgG5 . o:tf zAbn] egfOnfO{ cyk{ 0" f{ agfp5“ g \ . To:t} egfOnfO{
:ki6 klg kfb5{ g \ .
PSn} cfpb“ f cy{ glbg] cyf{t\ cfÇgf] :jtGq cy{ gePsf] t/ jfSodf k|of]u xb“' f cleJolQmnfO{
cfsif{s kfg]{ cJoo zAbnfO{ lgkft elgG5 .
@= ldNbf] zAb 5fg]/ vfnL 7fpF e/ M -x/], cf]xf]_
s_ ================ pxf“ t laTg'eP5 . -P]øof, cfxf_
v_ ================ 6fps} 7f]lsof] . -cfR5,' cfTyf_
u_ ================ s:tf] lr;f] kfgL . -l5, :ofaf;_
3_ ================ o:tf] kmfx] f]/ n'uf klg nufp“5g \ . -:ofaf;, cfxf_
ª_ ================ o:t} /fd|f] sfd ub{} hfpm .
#= jfSodf k|of]u u/ M
s_ nf,} v,} P, kf], lg, t, cx,“ gfO,“ Sof/,] c/,] /]
v_ s7}, cfxf, y'Ss, wGo, x], lwSsf/, pkm\
ljzi] f 1fg
gk] fnsf kl| ;4 syfsf/x¿
u/' mk;| fb d}gfnL, ljZjZ] j/k|;fb sf]O/fnf, ejfgL leIf,' ljho dNn, kfl/hft, OGba| xfb'/ /fO{
5l/tf] g]kfnL – efu kfrF 55
KFF7 lgaGw
( k:' tsfno
efOalxgLx¿;Fu †
– ltdLn] k:' tsfno bv] s] f 5f} < – ltdL slxNo} k:' tsfno uPsf 5f} <
– k:' tsfno sxfsF xfF xG' 5 < – k:' ts k9g\ ] afgL /fdf| ] xf] <
dflg;n] hGd]bl] v gd/];Dd 1fg cfhg{ ug{ 5f]8g\ 'xG' g . 1fg cfhg{ sf nflu pd]/, ;do tyf cGo s'g} cj:yfn]
klg 5]Sb}g . dfG5]nfO{ knkn 1fgsf] cfjZostf k5 { . sg' } klg s/' fdf sf]xL klg dflg; k"0f{ ¿kn] hfGg] x'Fbg} .
p;nfO{ 1fgsf] cfjZostf hg' ;s' } ;dodf klg k5 { . cfk"mn] ghfgs] f s'/fx¿ l;Sgsf nflu k':ts g} p;sf]
;a}eGbf 7"nf] ;xofu] L aG5 . k':ts dfG5s] f] lxti} fL ldq xg' ;S5 . o:tf] k':tssf] 3/ k':tsfnosf] a/]df tnsf]
lgaGwdf w]/} hfgsf/L lbOPsf] 5 . Wofg lbP/ k9 M
!= 1fg lj1fgsf ljljw ljifox¿nfO{ lnlka4 ul/Psf] u|Gy k:' ts xf ] . k9g\ –] k9fpg] p2]Zon]
ljleGg ljifo;u“ ;DalGwt efjgf, ljrf/, ts{ cflb ;dl] 6Psf k':tsx¿ ljleGg efiffdf
k|sfzg ePsf xG' 5g \ . dfG5n] ] efiffsf] ljsf;;“u;u“ } lnlksf] klg ljsf; ub}{ uof ] . lnlksf]
ljsf; ePbl] v g} k:' tssf] :j¿k ljsl;t ePsf] xf] . cfkm'n] ;g' s] f, ef]us] f, b]v]sf jf
cge' j u/s] f 1fg–lj1fgsf cg]s kIfx¿nfO{ k:' tsn] ;'/lIft /fVb5 . k':tsnfO{ k':tsfnon]
;/' lIft / Jojl:yt ub5{ . k':tsfno k:' ts / cfno bO' { zAbsf] ;df;af6 ags] f] xf ] . o;sf]
cy{ k:' tssf] 3/ eGg] x'G5 . k':tsfnodf k:' tssf] ;ª\sng, ;/' Iff / ;bk' of]u x'G5 .
k':tsfno 1fgsf] To:tf] 9's'6L xf] h'g 1fg lng rfxg]sf nflu vn' f x'G5 . k:' tsfno To:tf]
1fgbLk xf] h;n] JolQmnfO{ cGwsf/af6 pHofnf] k|sfztkm{ 8f]¥ofp5“ † dflg;sf] xb[ onfO{
cfnfl] st t'Nofp“5 . k:' tsdf cgdf]n 1fge08f/ x'G5 eg] k:' tsfno Tof] 1fg/flzsf]
;ªs\ ng ePsfn] dfgj hLjgdf k:' tsfnosf] dxŒj Jofks xG' 5 .
@= Pp6f k0" f{ k:' tsfnodf k|fKt eP;Ddsf ;Dk"0f{ k:' tsx¿ ;ª\sng ul/Psf x'G5g \ . dl' b|t
dfq geP/ x:tlnlvt k|frLg k':tsx¿ klg k:' tsfnodf /flvPsf x'G5g \ . JolQmn] 5flkPsf
lnlka4 M lnlkdf ptfl/Psf,] n]lvPsf] cgdf]n M cdN" o, w]/} df]n kg]{
lnlk M j0f{ jf cIf/ nl] vg] lrxg\ 1fg/flz M 1fgsf] e08f/, 1fgsf] y'k|f]
1fgbLk M 1fgsf] Hof]lt dl' b|t M 5flkPsf]
9s' 6' L M e08f/, k};f jf ;fdfg yGSofP/ /fVg] 7fpF x:tlnlvt M xftn] nl] vPsf]
cfnf]lst M pHofnf] b]lvPsf] k|frLg M k/' fgf]
56 5l/tf] gk] fnL – efu kfFr
/ cfkmn' fO{ cfjZos k/s] f ;a} k':ts vl/b ug{ ;Sbg} . rflxPsf] ;dodf k:' ts k;ndf
pknAw gx'g klg ;S5 . o:tf] an] fdf k':tsfno g} Tof] uGtJo xf] hxf“ p;sf] cfjZostfsf]
k"lt{ xG' 5 . dfG5s] f] :jefj lh1f;' 5 . pmleq 1fgsf] efs] x'G5, Tof] efs] zfGt kfg]{ ynf]
k:' tsfno xf ] . dfG5]df k':tsn] 1fg a9fpg] x'gfn] ljåfg\ Od;g{ eG5g\, æs'g} Ps k:' ts
k9g\ fn] dflg;sf] eljio ag]sf] w]/} rfl] 6 b]lvPsf] 5 .Æ ;f“Rr} hLjgaf6 lg/fz ePsfx¿nfO{
cfzfsf] Hofl] t bv] fpg], dg{ tof/ ePsfnfO{ k'ghL{jg lbg,] af6f] la/fPsfnfO{ af6f] bv] fpg],
cndlnPsfx¿nfO{ lbzflgbz{] ugh]{ :tf dxŒjk"0f{ sfo{ u5{ k':tsn] . To;n} ] xfn] f ljåfg\x¿
k:' tsfnonfO{ ljZjljBfno dfG5g \ . k:' tsnfO{ dfG5]sf] glhssf] ldq jf lxt}ifL dflgG5 .
kT| o]s dflg;sf] sf7] fdf k':ts xg' k' g]{ / k:' tssf] cefjdf sf]7fsf] cfTdf g} gi6 x'g] wf/0ff
ljåfgx\ ¿sf] /xs] f] kfOG5 .
#= k':ts ;ª\sngsf] dxŒj dflg;nfO{ k|frLg ;dob]lv g} afw] xb“' } cfPsf] xf] . dfG5] 1fgsf]
vf]hLdf lg/Gt/ nfus] f] x'G5 . p;sf] :jefj g} To:tf] 5 ls pm cfkmn' fO{ r:' t b'?:t /fv/]
lh1f;f d'Qm kfg{ rfxG5 . o;sf] cy{ pm hLjgsf] kf7zfnfdf lg/Gt/ lzio /xG5 / 1fgsf]
e08f/ eb{5 . p;sf] 1fgsf] lIflthnfO{ c¹ km/flsnf] kfg{ k':ts ;xfos aGb5 . cfÇgf]
cgs' n" ;dodf k9/] 1fgsf] ef]s d6] fpg kfOg] ePsfn] k:' tsfnonfO{ vn' f ljZjljBfno
dflgPsf] xf ] . k:' tsfnodf /x]sf] c;n / 1fgj4{s k':ts k9]/ 1fgsf] w/ftn jl[ 4 ug{
;lsg] eP/ sfnf{On eG5g,\ æk:' tsx¿sf] ;ªs\ ng g} cfhsf] o'usf] jf:tljs ljBfno xf] .Æ
lh1f;' M pT;s' lh1f;f M sg' } s'/f hfGg vf]Hg] OR5f
lbzflg{b]z M af6f] bv] fpg] sfd lIflth M kY[ jL / cfsfz hf]l8Ph:tf] bl] vg] 7fpF
lxti} fL M lxt jf enf] rfxg] sfnf{On M ljåfgs\ f] gfd
r':t M km'lt{nf,] alnof]
5l/tf] gk] fnL – efu kfrF 57
k:' tsfnodf 1fglj1fgsf ljljw ljifoIf]q;“u ;DalGwt k:' ts, kqklqsfx¿, kf08l' nlk
tyf k|sflzt u|Gyx¿, zfw] kqx¿ ;ªs\ ng ul/Psf x'G5g \ . k':tsfnosf] lglZrt lgod
xG' 5 . To;nfO{ kfngf u//] lh1f;' kf7sn] cfÇgf] 1fgt[i0ff zfGt kfg{ ;Sb5 . pRr lzIffsf
cWot] fx¿, cg;' Gwftfx¿, of]hgfsf/x¿ ;a}sf nflu k':tssf] cfjZostf kb5{ . cfkm'nfO{
cfjZos k/s] f k':ts lsg/] k9g\ klg ;Dej xb'“ }g h;sf] nflu k:' tsfno dxŒjk"0f{ 7flgG5 .
cflys{ x}l;ot sd ePsfx¿ k:' ts lsg/] k9g\ ;Sbg} g,\ pgLx¿sf] nflu k:' tsfno pkofu] L
aGb5 . o;/L xb] f{ k:' tsfnosf] dxŒj ;jf{]kl/ b]lvG5 .
$= k':tsfno 1fgsf] cgGt e08f/ xf ] . o;df ljleGg dl:tisx¿;u“ ;fIffTsf/ ug]{ cj;/
kf| Kt x'G5 . ;flxTosf/, ljrf/s, cGji] fs, j}1flgs nufot /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o hLjgdf
Voflt kf| Kt JolQmx¿;“u ;fIffTsf/ u/fO{ k':tsfnon] hLjgsf cgs] y/L /ª b]vfp“5 . To;n} ]
k:' tsfno dflg;sf] c;n ldq xf ] . JolQmn] ;dsfnLg ;dfh tyf ljZj kl/jz] ;“u cfkmn' fO{
cToGt lgs6 /fVgk' g]{ xG' 5 . o;sf nflu cWoog g} ;lhnf] dfWod xf] / k:' tsfno ;xfos .
k':tsn] JolQmnfO{ cfTdljZjf;L agfp5“ , l;hg{ zLn / ultzLn agfp5“ . To;n} ] k:' tssf]
dxŒj sn] fpb“ } gf6ssf/ hh{ agf8{ zf æljrf/x¿sf o4' df k':tsx¿ g} c:q x'g\Æ eGb5g\ .
k':ts ;ªs\ ngsf] 7"nf] dxŒj /xs] f] s'/fsf] ;ªs\ t] ub{} j1} flgs x]g/L 8]le8 yf]/f] æk/' fgf]
sf6] nufpm, gof“ k':ts lsgÆ eGb5g\ .
%= ;fjh{ lgs k:' tsfno, ;:+ yfut k:' tsfno tyf lghL k:' tsfno u/L k:' tsfno ljleGg ks| f/sf
x'G5g \ . lglZrt lgod jf ;ts{ f] kfngf u//] hf] s;}n] klg pkof]u ug{ ;Sg] k':tsfno
;fjh{ lgs k:' tsfno xf ] . s]GbL| o k:' tsfno, lq=lj= sLltk{ /' , sz] / k:' tsfno, dbg k/' :sf/
k':tsfno h:tf k:' tsfno ;fjh{ lgs k':tsfno xg' \ . s'g} ;+:yfn] cfÇgf] ;:+ yf;u“ ;DalGwt
JolQmx¿sf] pkofu] sf] nflu :yfkgf u/]sf] k':tsfno ;:+ yfut k:' tsfno xf ] . JolQmsf] k':ts
kd]| a9\b} uP/ p;n] ;ª\sng u/]sf k:' tsx¿n] 7"nf] cfsf/ ux| 0f u/k] l5 Tof] klg k:' tsfno
aG5 / To;nfO{ JolQmut k':tsfno elgG5 . k':tsfnosf] dxŒj cTolws ePsfn] b]zsf
kT| os] uflj;df PsPs k:' tsfno clgjfo{ :yfkgf ug{ ;/sf/L Ifq] af6} 7f]; sbd rflngk' g]{
b]lvG5 . To;f] eP dfq b]zn] lzlIft cWoogzLn tyf lrGtgzLn hgzlQm kfpg] 5 .
kf08'lnlk M 5fKgsf nflu tof/ kfl/Psf] ;fduL| ;fIffTsf/ M k|ToIf e6]
u|Gy M k':ts, lstfa ljrf/s M ljrf/ ug]{ JolQm, bfzl{ gs
zf]wkq M cg';Gwfgdf cfwfl/t n]v cGj]ifs M yfxf gePsf s/' fx¿ vf]Hg] JolQm
1fgti[ 0ff M 1fgsf] ltvf{ Voflt M k|l;4, nf]slko| tf
cWot] f M cWoog ug{] JolQm ;dsfnLg M Pp6} ;dosf]
cg';Gwftf M cg;' Gwfg ug{] JolQm ultzLn M lg/Gt/ rln/xg]
of]hgfsf/ M ofh] gf tof/ ug{] JolQm c:q M xltof/
x}l;ot M Ifdtf, ofU] otf cWoogzLn M cWoogdf nflukg{], k9Gt]
;jf{k] l/ M ;aeGbf dflyNnf] lrGtgzLn M lrGtg ug,]{ ljrf/df 8'Ag]
58 5l/tf] g]kfnL – efu kfFr
^= Pp6f sz' n kf7sn] k':tsfno pkofu] ug{ hfGgk' b{5 . k':tsfnodf ljleGg ljifoIf]q;“u
;DalGwt k':tsx¿nfO{ ljifosf cfwf/df 5§' f5'6\6} /flvPsf] x'G5 . o;/L ljifosf cfwf/df
56' o\ fOPsf k:' tsx¿nfO{ klg j0ff{gq' md ldnfP/ /flvPsf] xG' 5 . k:' tsfno pkofu] ug{] tl/sf
yfxf ePkl5 kf7sn] k:' ts 5gf]6df Wofg lbgk' b{5 . cgfjZos k:' ts lnP/ ;do v]/
kmfNg'eGbf cfjZos / 1fgj4{s k:' ts /f]Hgk' b5{ . k':tsfnodf ljleGg vfnsf k:' ts
x'G5g\ . tL ;a} pkofu] L x'G5g\ eGg] 5g} . sltko k:' ts cgfjZos xG' 5g \ . sltko k':tsx¿
v/fa x'G5g\ h;n] kf7ssf] dgdf v/fa c;/ kfb5{ g \ . k:' tsx¿ v/fa k/] eg] kf7ssf
nflu Tof] cToGt 3fts x'g]tkm{ ;ªs\ t] ub{} lncf] 6N:6fo eG5g,\ æv/fa k':tsx¿ k9g\ '
ljifkfg ug'{ a/fa/ xf] .Æ
&= k':tsfnon] jt{dfg k:' tfsf] nflu dfq geP/ efjL k':tfsf] nflu ;d]t k:' tsx¿ ;/' lIft
/fVb5g \ . 1fgsf] cyfx ;fu/ k':tsfnoaf6 JolQm, ;dfh tyf /fi6n« ] ;d]t 7"nf] kmfObf
lnPsf] x'G5 . k':tsfnonfO{ 56' \6} lj1fgsf] ¿kdf :jLsf/ u//] o;sf af/]df pRr lzIff;d]t
lng]lbg] Joj:yf /x]sf] 5 . j}1flgs 9ª\uaf6 k:' tsfnosf] ;~rfng, Joj:yfkg tyf ;/+ If0f
ug{ ;s] o;sf] dxŒj :jod\ l;4 x'g] 5 .
kf7s M k9\g] dfG5] ljifkfg M ljif lkpg] sfd
j0ff{gq' md M j0fx{ ¿sf] Pskl5 csf]{ qmd cyfx ;fu/ M yfxf kfpg g;lsg,] Hofb} 7n" f] ;fu/
1fgj4s{ M 1fg lbg] vfnsf] l;4 M k|dfl0ft
lnof] 6N:6fo M ?; b]zsf ljZjkl| ;4 ;flxTosf/
cEof;
zAb 1fg
!= tnsf zAbx¿ z4' ;uF pRrf/0f u/ M
kqklqsf, Jojl:yt, ;'/lIft, cTolws, ;ªs\ ng, c:q, k'ghL{jg, lbzflgb]{z, cWot] fx¿,
;jf{k] l/
@= jfSodf k|of]u u/ M
eljio, dxŒjk0" f{, km/flsnf,] ;dfh, ;~rfng, :jLsf/, 1fgj4s{
#= tnsf zAbx¿sf] cy{ n]v M
9s' 6' L, c:q, kf7s, lnlk, ;jf]k{ l/, lbzflgb{]z, cfnf]lst, ;fIffTsf/, Voflt
5l/tf] g]kfnL – efu kfrF 59
$= tnsf zAbsf] kof{ojfrL zAb n]v M
k':ts, ti[ 0ff, JolQmut, cy{, ljljw, sbd
%= ljk/Lt cy{ lbg] zAb nv] M
;/' lIft, j}1flgs, dxŒjk0" f,{ cfjZos, pkofu] L, k|sflzt
^= dflysf] lgaGwaf6 ‘P’ / ‘o’ k|ofu] ePsf kfrF kfrF zAbx¿ vfh] /] nv] .
&= tnsf zAb / cy{sf aLrdf hf8] f ldnfpm M km'ltn{ f], alnof]
;dsfnLg j0fx{ ¿sf] Pskl5 csf{] qmd
cWot] f cWoog ug]{ JolQm
x:tlnlvt lxt jf enf] rfxg]
r:' t xftn] n]v]sf] jf nl] vPsf]
j0ffg{ 'qmd pxL ;dosf]
lxt}ifL
k7g afw]
!= tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] PsPs jfSodf pQ/ b]pm M
s_ k:' tsfno zAb s;/L ag]sf] 5 <
v_ k:' tsfndf s:tf ;fduL| x¿ /flvPsf x'G5g\ <
u_ k':tsn] s] s:tf sfo{ ub5{ <
3_ k:' tsfnonfO{ lsg ljZjljBfno dflgPsf] xf] <
ª_ k':tsfno s]slt ks| f/sf x'G5g\ <
r_ ‘v/fa k:' tsx¿ k9\g' ljifkfg ug{' a/fa/ xf] .’ of] egfO s;sf] xf] <
5_ s:tf] k':tsfnonfO{ ;fjh{ lgs k':tsfno elgG5 <
h_ k:' tsfnoaf6 ss;n] kmfObf lnPsf xG' 5g\ <
¹_ k:' tsfnosf] cy{ s] xf] <
`_ k:' tsfno lsg bz] sf kT| os] uflj;df vf]Ng'k5{ <
@= 7Ls a]7Ls 5'6\ofpm M ====================
s_ dfgj hLjgdf k:' tsfnosf] dxŒj Jofks xG' 5 <
v_ cgfjZos k':ts k9/] ;do v]/ kmfNg' /fdf| ] sfd xf ] . ====================
u_ Pp6f s'zn kf7sn] k:' tsfnosf] pkof]u ug{ hfGg'k5 { . ====================
3_ yf]/f]n] ‘k/' fgf] sf6] nufpm gofF k':ts lsg’ egs] f 5g \ . ====================
====================
ª_ dfG5] 1fgsf] vfh] Ldf lg/Gt/ nfu]sf] x'Fb}g .
60 5l/tf] gk] fnL – efu kfFr
#= dflysf] lgaGwsf] t];|f] cg'R5]b k9/] ;fl] wPsf kZ| gx¿sf] pQ/ bp] m M
c_ dflg; s;/L cfÇgf] lh1f;f d'Qm kfg{ rfxG5 <
cf_ ‘k:' tsx¿sf] ;ªs\ ng g} cfhsf] ou' sf] jf:tljs ljBfno xf] eGg] egfO s;sf] xf] <
O_ k':ts ss;sf nflu cfjZos kb{5 <
O_{ cfly{s xl} ;ot sd ePsfx¿ s] ug{ ;Qm}gg\ <
p_ k:' ts ;ªs\ ngsf] dxŒjsf af/d] f slxnb] l] v af]w xb'F } cfPsf] b]lvG5 <
$= JofVof u/ M
k':tsn] JolQmnfO{ cfTdljZjf;L, ;h[ gzLn / ultzLn agfp5F .
#= tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] pQ/ n]v M
s_ k:' tsfnosf] s] s:tf] dxŒj 5 <
v_ k':tsfnodf s:tfs:tf k':tsx¿ /flvPsf xG' 5g\ <
u_ k:' tsfnon] s;/L ljZjnfO{ g} glhs agfPsf] x'G5 <
3_ k':tsfno ss;sf nflu pkof]uL 5 <
$= nfdf] pQ/ n]v M
k':tsfno dfG5s] f] cleGg ldq aGg ;S5 eGg] s'/f kf7sf] cfwf/df :ki6 kf/ .
l;hg{ f
!= lbOPsf] hfgsf/Lsf] cfwf/df lgaGw n]v M
lxdfnsf] xf“;f]
lxdfn lxpsF f] 3/ – – – ks| l[ tsf] /rgfdWo] ;ae} Gbf ;G' b/ /rgf – – – lxdfn bfu/lxt ;t] f] Rofb/
cf5] \ofP h:t} k[lyjLsf] 5ftLdf plePsf] – – – lxdfnsf] d:' sfgn] dfgj hfltnfO{ cfsif0{ f
ug{ ] .
lxdfnsf] xf;F f] d/] f] bz] sf] cfly{s d?] b08 ags] f] – – – lxdfnsf] xfF;fn] ] tflgP/ ;+;f/sf
ljleGg dn' 'saf6 dflg;x¿ d/] f] b]zdf cfpg] – – – d/] f] bz] sf] ;+:s[ltsf] lj:tf/ ePsf] –
– – cToGt 6G6nfk/' 3fd cfÇgf] lz/df yfKb} cf;F ' ag/] klUnP klg, d';nwf/] jiff{;Fu} aUb}
uP klg lxdfnsf] ;fG} bo{ sd gx'g] – – – cfÇgf] 5ftLaf6 clj/n aUg] gbLx¿nfO{ hGdlbg]
– – – lxdfn xf;F k] l5 ;;+ f/ xf:F g] – – –lxdfnn] kfgL lbPkl5 ;;+ f/n] hLjg kfpg] – – –dgel/
nfe] kfn/] dfG5] agfj6L xfF;f] xfF:g] t/ lxdfnn] slxNo} To;f] ug{ hfg]sf ] .
lxdfn cgGt ;f| t] sf] e08f/ – – – lxdfnsf] ued{ f cg]s /Tgx¿sf] vfgL /x]sf] – – – cfk"mdf
/xs] f] ;f| ]tsf] pkef]u lxdfn :jodn\ ] gug]{ – – – ;dlk{t efjn] ljZjsf] ;fd' :jfledfgsf
;fy lz/ 7f8f] kf//] plePsf] lxdfnsf] xf;F fa] f6 dflg;n] w]/} s'/f l;Sg'kg{ ] .
5l/tf] gk] fnL – efu kfrF 61
@= ‘ljBfyL{ hLjg’ zLifs{ df Pp6f lgaGw n]v .
Jofs/0f
!= kb;ªu\ lt M jfSodf k|of]u ePsf kbx¿sf aLrdf xg' ] cfk;L dn] nfO{ kb;Ílt elgG5 .
kb;Ílt lnÍ, jrg, k?' if / cfb/sf cfwf/df ul/G5 .
@= tnsf jfSox¿nfO{ kb;Ílt ldnfP/ n]v M
s_ 5f/] f] / 5f]/L ljBfno uof ] .
v_ pgLx¿ l;gd] f xg] { hfG5 .
u_ d;“u Pp6f snd 5g\ .
3_ efOn] k'/:sf/ kfO5 ] .
ª_ alxgL dnfO{ w]/} dfof u5 { .
r_ d sfd u/]/ w/] } yfSof ] .
5_ dn} ] nfnLu'/f“; km'ns] f] bv] ] .
h_ pgL csf{sf] s/' f sf65\ ; \ .
ljz]if 1fg
gk] fnsf kd| 'v k:' tsfnox¿
lq=lj= sG] bL| o k:' tsfno sz] / k:' tsfno
dbg k/' :sf/ k:' tsfno gk] fn k1| f kl| ti7fg k:' tsfno
gk] fn ef/t dq} L k:' tsfno lal| 6; sfplG;n k:' tsfno
62 5l/tf] gk] fnL – efu kfrF
KFF7 hLjgL
!) km' 6ansf hfb'u/ kn] ]
efOalxgLx¿;uF †
– ltdLn] sg' sg' vn] vN] g hfgs] f 5f} < – ltdLnfO{ sg' vn] a9L dg k5{ <
– vn] vN] gfn] s] xG' 5 < – ltdLnfO{ sg' sg' vn] f8Lsf] gfd yfxf 5 <
dflg;sf] hLjgdf vn] s'bsf] w/] } 7"nf] dxŒj 5 . dfG5]n] ;Eotfsf] cf/Deb]lv g} v]nsb' sf] ljsf; ub{} cfPsf]
5 . dflg; k|f/Dedf w]/} zf/Ll/s >d kg]{ sfdx¿ uYof ]{ . la:tf/} p;n] ljleGg ;fdu|Lx¿sf] cfljisf/ u¥of]
/ >dsf] dfqf klg clncln sd ub{} uof ] . To;}n] pm c:j:y klg x'g yfNof] . dgf/] ~hgsf nflu v]ns'bsf]
cfljisf/ u/]sf] dflg;n] kl5 o;sf] dxŒj :j:y /xg klg x'Fbf] /x5] eGg] hfGof ] . v]nsb' n] dfG5n] fO{ tGb'?:t
/fV5 . To;}n] cfhsf] ljZjdf v]ns'bdf cToGt Wofg lbOG5 . cfÇgf] snf bv] fpg tyf k|ltofl] utfdf ;xefuL
eP/ k|lti7f a9fpg klg cfh ljleGg vn] vN] g] ul/G5 .
ljZjdf w/] } vn] x¿ k|rngdf 5g\ . tLdWo] k'm6annfO{ v]ns'bsf] /fhf dflgG5 . of] vn] w/] } dfG5]n] ;lhn} aˆ' 5g\
/ v]Ng] jf x]g]{ u5g{ \ . k'm6an vn] ]/ w]/} v]nf8Lx¿n] cfkm" nfO{ ;+;f/df lrgfPsf 5g\ . To:t} vn] f8Lx¿dWo]
;jfl{ ws rrfd{ f /x]sf vn] f8L k]ns] f] k]|/0ffbfoL hLjgL oxfF lbOPsf] 5 . Wofg lbP/ k9 M
!= o; ;;+ f/df a]nfan] fdf dxfg\ JolQmx¿n] hGd lnG5g \ . cfÇgf]
ljlzi6 sfo{åf/f ;dfh, /fi6« tyf dfgjtfsf Ifq] df dxŒjk"0f{
of]ubfg lbg] o:tf JolQmx¿n] Oltxf;df cfÇgf] gfd ;'gf}nf]
cIf/n] nV] g ;S5g\ . o:t} cfÇgf] cb\ljtLo k|ltefåf/f ljZj
v]ns'bsf] Ifq] df dxŒjk"0f{ of]ubfg lbg] JolQm x'g\ k]n] . pgsf]
hGd @# cS6fa] / !($) df a|flhnsf] 6;«] sf] sfsfh] eGg]
7fpFdf ePsf] lyof] . pgsf lktfsf] gfd 8f]l8G;f] / cfdfsf] gfd dfl/of ;]n]:6L lyof] .
@= kn] s] f] vf; gfd P8\;g c/fGt] 8f] gfl;d]Gtf] xf ] . kn] s] f] kfl/jfl/s cj:yf cToGt bogLo
lyof ] . pgsf a'af dhb'/L uy {] . b'Mvlhnf] u/]/ pgLx¿sf] u'hf/f rns] f] lyof ] . ;fF¹ laxfgsf]
uhf]{ 6fg{ klg pgLx¿nfO{ dl' :sn lyof ] . ‘xg' ] la?jfsf] lrNnf] kft’ eg¹] }F pgL ;fg}b]lv g}
km'6an eg]kl5 dl/d6] \y] . km' 6an lsg/] v]Ng ;Sg] Ifdtf geP klg pgdf k'm6ankl| t
cToGt 7n" f] ?lr lyof ] . pgn] ;8sd} km' 6an l;s] . pgL kmf6]sf df]hfdf klqsf a/] ]/ xfNy] /
To;nfO{ km' 6ansf] ¿kdf vN] g] uy {] . pgsf ;xkf7L ;fyLx¿ eg] pgnfO{ lh:sfpyF ] . pgL;Fu
uhf{ ] M vfFrf], h?/t ;xkf7L M ;Fu} k9g\ ]
5l/tf] g]kfnL – efu kfFr 63
km6' an vN] g ?rfpbF g} y ] . ;fyLx¿sf] bJ' oj{ xf/sf sf/0f pgsf] dg sl'F 8GYof] t/ klg kmf6s] f
yfq] f dfh] fsf] an agfP/ v]Ng eg] slxNo} 5f8g] g \ . kn] ]n] afNosfndf h'Qf klg nufpg
kfPgg\ . a|flhndf ‘k]n’] eGgfn] vfnL v'§fn] km6' an v]Ng] dflg; eGg] a'l¹G5 .
#= km'6ank|lt k]ns] f] uxg nufj lyof ] . pgL km'6annfO{ g} cfÇgf] sd{If]q agfpg rfxGy] .
o;sf nflu /fdf| ] Snadf uP/ k|lzIf0f lngk' Yof{ ] . lrghfg jf ;Dksl{ jgf To:tf] cj;/
kfpg ;Dej yPg . ‘ul/asf] 3F}6fdf klg sg' } lbg 3fd nfU5’ eg¹] }F !! jif{sf] pd]/df kn] ]n]
dfh] fsf] an gfªu\ f] v§' fn] v]n]sf] b]v/] af| lhnL km' 6ansf Pshgf kl| zIfs efN8d] f/ 8] la|6f]
cToGt k|efljt eP . kn] s] f lktf klg km' 6an;Fu ;DalGwt /xs] fn] la|6f;] Fu pgsf] lrghfg
lyof ] . la|6fn] ] kn] n] fO{ km'6an vN] g] :jl0fd{ cj;/ k|bfg u/] . pgn] k]nn] fO{ af/Daf/ km'6ansf]
tflnd lbO/x ] . tflnd k"/f u/k] l5 af| lhnsf] kl| ;4 ;fGtf;] Snjdf nh} fg] lg0f{o u/ ] . ;g\
!(%^ df pgL la|6f];uF af| lhnsf] cf}Bf]lus ;x/ ;fGtf;] uP . ToxfsF f] Jofj;flos km6' an
Snj ;fGtf];df kj| ]z ug]{ ;'cj;/ ;d]t la|6f]n] pgnfO{ ldnfOlbP . To;kl5 Jofj;flos
¿kdf pgL km6' an v]Ng yfn ] . ;fx] L ;dodf la|6f]n] ‘of] s6] f] ljZjsf] ;j{>i] 7 km6' an vn] f8L
xg' ] 5’ eGg] eljiojf0fL ;dt] u/]sf lyP . ;fRF r} pgsf] k|ltef b]v]/ ;a} rlst eP . ;fGtf;]
Snan] pgnfO{ !^ jifs{ } pd/] df l;lgo/ l6ddf ;fdn] u/fof] . pQm Snadf pgn] nueu !)
dlxgf km6' an v]n] . km'6andf pgsf] snfsfz} n, hfb'u/L tyf ljnIf0f kl| tef bv] /] pgnfO{
af| lhnsf] /fli6o« l6ddf af]nfOof] .
$= kn] n] ] ;g\ !(%& hn' fO{ & df klxnf] cGt/fl{ i6o« vn] chl{] G6gf lj?4 vn] ] . /fdf| ] kb| zg{ ubfu{ b{} klg
pQm v]ndf a|flhnn] @—! sf] k/fho a]xfg] k'{ ¥of] . ;f] v]ndf af| lhnn] u/]sf] Psdfq ufn]
kn] ]sf] cGt/f{li6«o ufn] lyof ] . ;g\ !(%* sf] ljZjsk vn] df k]n] a|flhnsf] /fli6«o l6ddf
;fdn] lyP . pgL !& jifs{ } pd/] df ljZjsk vN] g] klxnf v]nf8L xg' k'u ] . ;g\ !(%* sf]
ljZjsk pgsf] ofu] bfgsf sf/0f af| lhnn] lhTg ;kmn eof ] . pQm ljZjsk lhtfPkl5 pgnfO{
b'Jo{jxf/ M g/fdf| ] Jojxf/ ljnIf0f kl| tef M ljz]if k|ltef
64 5l/tf] g]kfnL – efu kfFr
;j>{ i] 7 vn] f8L 3fi] f0ff ul/of] . pgn] l:j8g] lj?4 @ dxŒjk0" f{ uf]n ub}{ a|flhnnfO{ %—@ sf]
km/flsnf] cGt/df lhtfP . pgL ;g\ !(^@, !(^^ / !(&) u/L hDdf rf/cf6] f ljZjskdf
;xefuL ePsf lyP . pgn] ;g\ !(%*, !(^@ / !(&) u/L ltg k6s af| lhnnfO{ ljZjljht] f
agfP .
%= km'6ansf cb\ljtLo kl| tefsf wgL k]n] km6' annfO{ v§' fdf 6fF;]/ ;k{h:t} afª\luP/ bug' { lgs}
vlKk; lyP . pgnfO{ v]nd}bfgdf b]v]kl5 ljkIfL 6fn] Lsf] d6' ' ylsG{ Yof] . pgsf] vn] df hfb'
lyof] . cfZroh{ gs tl/sfn] pgL km'6an vN] g ;Sy] . pgsf] km'6an vn] sf] hfb'u/L b]v]/
bzs{ x¿ /fd] fl~rt x'Gy ] . kn] ] cToGt gd| / eb| :jefjsf lyP . pgL v]n v]Nbf cg'zfl;t
/ dofl{ bt eP/ v]Ny ] . pgsf] v]n x]g{ gfOhl] /ofdf hf/L o'4 ;dt] bO' { lbgsf lglDt /fl] sPsf]
lyof ] . o;af6 pgsf] km6' an vn] df slt;Dd hfb' lyof] eGg] kd| fl0ft xG' 5 .
^= ;ª\uLt / ;flxTosf ;fl} vg k]n] axd' v' L k|ltef ;DkGg JolQmTj x'g\ . ;g\ !(&& df
vn] hLjgaf6 k0" f¿{ kdf ;GGof; lnPkl5 pgL clegosf] Ifq] df nfu ] . clego / vn] sf cltl/St
pgn] snf / ;flxTosf If]qdf klg snd rnfPsf lyP . pgn] ‘d/] f] hLjg / ;G' b/ vn] ’
gfds k':ts nv] ] . of] k:' ts cToGt w/] } ;ª\Vofdf laqmL ePsf] lyof] . pgL cbe\ t' Ifdtf
ePsf ljZjkl| ;4 km'6an vn] f8L x'g\ . ;g\ !(^) df af| lhn ;/sf/n] pgnfO{ ‘/fli6«o ;DklQ’
3fi] f0ff u¥of ] . km6' an vn] a] fkt pgn] c¿ yk' }| dfg;Ddfg tyf k/' :sf/x¿ kf| Kt u/s] f 5g \ .
&= hLjgdf cfOk/s] f ljljw sl7gfOx¿;uF hW' b} ku| ltsf] kydf nlDsPsf kn] ] ;;+ f/s}
clxn;] Ddsf ;jfs{] i[ 6 km6' an vn] f8L xg' \ . ;f¹F laxfgsf] uhf{] 6fg;{ dt] dl' :sn kg{] kl/jf/df
hGd/] klg pgL ljZjk|l;4 aGg k'u] . pgL ;fgf] 5bF f pgL;uF km'6an vN] g gdfGg] wgf9o\ kl/
jf/sf pgsf ;fyLx¿ dfq geP/ cfh l;ªu\ f] huts\ f dflg;x¿ pgsf] kz| ;+ s ags] f 5g\ .
lt/:sf/, ckxn] gf / cflys{ ;ª\s6 s]xL s'/fsf] klg kafx{ gul/sg Ps Wofg, PslrQ eP/
b9[ ;ªs\ Nksf ;fy km'6ankl| t ;dlkt{ x'g] kn] ] cfb/0fLo JolQmTj xg' \ . cfh l;ªu\ f] ljZjsf
dflg;n] kn] ] / km6' annfO{ kofo{ sf] ¿kdf lnG5g \ . vfnL v§' fn] km6' an vN] g ;?' u/s] f pgnfO{
;'gsf] es'G8f];d]t k'/:sf/ lbOPsf] lyof ] .
ljZjljht] f M ;;+ f/ lhTg] cb\e't Ifdtf M cgf}7f] jf ljlrqtf
eb | M enfbdL, ;Hhg ;jfs]{ i[ 6 M ;ae} Gbf pTsi[ 6
/fd] fl~rt M xif{n] ubub ePsf] wgf9o\ M k|z:t wg ePsf]
cfZroh{ gs M cfZro{nfUbf] hut\ M ;;+ f/, ljZj, bl' gofF
;f}lvg M ;f]v /fVg†] ;v' ;l' jwf dg k/fpg] kz| +;s M k|z;+ f ug,]{ c¿sf] u0' fsf] tfl/km ug{]
axd' v' L M w]/} Ifdtf ePsf] lt/:sf/ M xn] f, s;n} fO{ ul/g] cgfb/
JolQmTj M JolQmdf x'g] ljzi] f u'0f ckx]ngf M s;n} fO{ ul/Psf] lt/:sf/
;GGof; M s'g} OR5f k"0f{ ¿kn] 5f8] \g' b9[ ;ªs\ Nk M gu/L g5f]8g\ ] c7f]6
clego M s;}sf] afn] LJojxf/sf] gSsn kofo{ M ;dfg cy{
5l/tf] g]kfnL – efu kfFr 65
*= kf| /lDes hLjgdf k'm6an / hQ' f;dt] lsGg g;Sg] kn] ]n] cfÇgf] ldlxg]t, cgz' f;g tyf
nugzLntfsf sf/0f gfd / bfd bj' } sdfpg ;kmn ePsf 5g\ . cfh pgL;Fu v]nsb' ;fdu|L
pTkfbg ug]{ sDkgL, /l] 8of] :6];g dfq xfO] g k|z:t ;DklQ 5 . pgsf] gfd ljZje/ k|l;4
5 . pgL cfh x/s] v]nf8Lsf cfbz{ ag]sf 5g \ . pgnfO{ OZ{ j/n] nfdf] cfo' lbpmg\ .
cEof;
zAb 1fg
!= tnsf zAbx¿ z4' ;Fu pRrf/0f u/ M
:jl0f{d, ;jf{T] s[i6, JolQmTj, /f]dfl~rt, dofl{ bt, l:j8g] , ;flxTo
@= jfSodf k|ofu] u/ M
ljZjsk, ;g' fn} f,] ljnIf0f kl| tef, rlst xg' ,' cbe\ t' Ifdtf, uxg nufj, ljZjljht] f, b9[ ;ªs\ Nk
#= tnsf zAbx¿sf] kofo{ jfrL zAb nv] M
lktf, dftf, afNosfn, ku| lt, hut,\ k|l;4
66 5l/tf] gk] fnL – efu kfrF
$= dflysf] hLjgLsf] t];f| ] cg'R5b] af6 ;o+ S' t cIf/af6 ag]sf kfrF zAb l6k .
%= tnsf zAbx¿sf] cy{ n]v M
cbe\ 't, kz| ;+ s, hfb'u/L, ;xkf7L, eljiojf0fL, cb\ljtLo
^= tnsf zAb / cy{sf aLrdf hf]8f ldnfpm M
hut\ enfbdL
eb| w/] } Ifdtf ePsf]
rlst ;;+ f/
ljZjljht] f wgjfg\
wgf9\o 5Ss k/]sf]
ax'd'vL ;+;f/ lhTg]
k7g afw] =========================
=========================
!= tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] PsPs jfSodf pQ/ b]pm M =========================
s_ kn] s] f] vf; gfd s] xf] < =========================
v_ k]ns] f] hGd slxn] / sxfF eof] < =========================
u_ k]ns] f] dg lsg s'lF 8GYof] < =========================
3_ kn] ]nfO{ s;n] Snadf v]Ng] cj;/ ldnfOlbof] <
ª_ la6| f]n] s:tf] eljiojf0fL u/s] f lyP <
r_ kn] n] ] slxn] s;sf lj?4 klxnf] cGt/f{li6o« vn] v]n] <
5_ kn] ] slt j6f ljZjsk km' 6andf ;xefuL eP <
h_ k]n] gfd s;/L /Åof] <
¹_ kn] ] v]nsf cltl/St s'gs'g If]qdf ;+nUg 5g\ <
`_ ;fyLx¿ lsg kn] ];uF vN] g ?rfpFbg} y] <
@= 7Ls a7] Ls 56' \ofpm M
s_ kn] ] lqms]6sf dxfg\ v]nf8L xg' \ .
v_ k]n] vn] v]Nbf cgz' fl;t eP/ vN] y ] .
u_ ;g\ !(*# df k]nn] ] k0" f{ ¿kdf vn] af6 ;GGof; lnP .
3_ k]ns] f] kl/jf/ c;fWo} wgL lyof ] .
ª_ kn] n] ] k:' ts klg n]v]sf 5g\ .
r_ kn] ]n] afNosfndf /fd|f/fd|f hQ' f nufpg kfPsf lyP .
#= tnsf egfOx¿n] s] eg]sf xg' \, sDtLdf bz x/kmdf a9fP/ n]v M
5l/tf] gk] fnL – efu kfFr 67
s_ x'g] la?jfsf] lrNnf] kft .
v_ ul/asf] 36}F fdf klg sg' } lbg 3fd nfU5 .
$= tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] pQ/ bp] m M
s_ kn] ]sf] afNosfn s;/L lat]sf] lyof] <
v_ k]nn] ] k'm6an v]ndf s;/L kj| z] kfP <
u_ k]nn] fO{ lsg k'm6ansf hfbu' / elgPsf] xf] <
3_ kn] ]sf] hLjgL k9]/ s:tf] lzIff kfOG5 <
%= tnsf] kZ| gsf] nfdf] pQ/ b]pm M
s_ kn] n] ] hLjgdf s] s:tf] ;ª3\ if{ ug'{k¥of] <
v_ k]n] s;/L ljZj k|l;4 x'g k'u] <
l;h{gf
!= hLjgL eg]sf] sg' } JolQmsf] hLjgsf] ljj/0f xf] . o:tf] ljj/0fdf JolQmsf] hGd, afNosfn,
lzIffbLIff u/s] f sfox{ ¿ tyf ;dfhsf] nflu k¥' ofPsf] ofu] bfgsf] rrf{ ul/Psf] xG' 5 . sg' }
JolQmsf] hLjgL k9k] l5 kf7sdf To;sf] ke| fj k5 { . To;}n] hLjgL k/]| 0ffdn" s x'G5 .
@= lbOPsf] hfgsf/Lsf] cfwf/df Pp6f hLjgL n]v M
gfd M caf| xd lnª\sg
hGd ldlt M ;g\ !*)( km/j/L
hGd:yfg M ;o+ 'St /fHo cd]l/sfsf] sl] G6sf] /fHo
► ;fg} pd]/df cfdfsf] b]xfGt xb'“ f ;f}t]gL cfdfsf] x/] rfxdf x's{]sf,
► ;fg}b]lv afa'sf] ;xof]uL /xs] f,
► ljBfno hfg gkfP klg 3/d} cWoog u/L kofK{ t 1fg xfl;n u/s] f,
► Ps lbg ;x/df hfb“ f dflg;x¿sf] lsga]r ePsf] bv] L bM' vL x'g k'u]sf,
► o:tf] ky| f x6fpg pgL ltgs} ;j] fdf h'6]sf,
► ;g\ !*^) df cdl] /sfsf] /fi6«klt aGg k'us] f .
► /fi6«klt ePkl5 dflg;sf] ar] lavg / lnnfd laqmL aGb u/s] f,
► cdl] /sfsf nf]slko| /fhg]tf / /fi6«klt,
d[To' M ;g\ !*^% clk|n .
@= ;dfhdf k|ltli7t sg' } Ps JolQmsf] af/]df lzIfs jf cleefjssf] ;xof]u lnP/ Pp6f hLjgL
tof/ kf/ .
68 5l/tf] g]kfnL – efu kfrF
Jofs/0f
!= tn afs;df lbOPsf] s/' f Wofg lbP/ k9 M
h'g zAb jf jfSon] xf] jf 5 eGg] cy{ lbG5 h'g zAb jf jfSon] xfO] g jf 5}g eGg] cy{
To:tf] ;sf/fTds cy{ lbg] zAb jf jfSo lbG5 To:tf] gsf/fTds cy{ lbg] zAb jf
s/0f xf ] . jfSo cs/0f xf] .
– lbbL clkm; hfgx' G' 5 . – lbbL clkm; hfg'x'Gg .
– pxf“ /S;L lkpg'xG' Yof] . – pxf“ /S;L lkpg'x'GgYof] .
– dnfO{ k'm6an v]Ng dg k5 { . – dnfO{ km' 6an v]Ng dg kb{}g .
– ltdL 3/ uof } . – ltdL 3/ uPgf} .
@= tnsf jfSox¿ s/0f eP cs/0f / cs/0f eP s/0f agfpm M
s_ k|Hjnf dfdf3/ hfG5 ] .
v_ k|sfz ux[ sfo{ ub{}g .
u_ h]l;sf /fd|/L gflRbg .
3_ of] d]/f] lstfa xf] .
ª_ lxhf] w]/} kfgL k¥of ] .
r_ ls/0f syf n]V5 .
5_ c?0fn] dnfO{ b]v]g .
#= dflysf] kf7af6 cs/0f jfSox¿ vfh] ]/ cfÇgf] sfkLdf nv] .
ljz]if 1fg
ljZj kl| ;4 vn] f8Lx¿
l8Puf] Dof/f8fg] f M km' 6an ;lrg tG] bn' s/ M lqms6]
dfOs 6fO;g M alS;ª dfOsn ÇnK] ; M kf8} L
/fh] / km8] /] / M 6l] g; ;/] g] f ljlnoD; M 6l] g;
dfOsn hf8] g{ M af:s6] an Çnf] xfOdg M elnan
jfª tfcf ] M 6a] n 6l] g; lhd yfk] { M xsL
5l/tf] gk] fnL – efu kfrF 69
KFF7 ;+:d/0f
dgf]/d sfln~rf]s
!! oj' /fh gof3F /]
efOalxgLx¿;Fu †
– ltdL cfÇgf] ufp7F fpeF Gbf aflx/ sxfsF xfF 3d' s] f 5f} < – gofF 7fpF 3D' gfn] s] kmfObf xG' 5 <
– ltdLnfO{ gk] fnsf ko6{ sLo Ifq] x¿sf] gfd yfxf 5 < – s:tf] 7fpnF fO{ ko6{ sLo Ifq] elgG5 <
sg' } gofF 7fpFsf] ed| 0fsf qmddf cfkm" n] u/]sf] cg'ej ;d]6/] n]lvPsf] lgaGwnfO{
;+:d/0ffTds lgaGw elgG5 . k'/fgf 36gf tyf ljifox¿sf] ;D¹gf u//] nl] vPsf o:tf
;:+ d/0fx¿af6 s] ePsf] lyof,] s;/L ePsf] lyof] eGg] s/' f yfxf kfOG5 . ofqfsf qmddf
ul/Psf] ;+:d/0faf6 ofqf ul/Psf] 7fpsF f] af/]df hfgsf/L kfOG5 .
oj' /fh gof“3/] -lj=;+=@)@^_ gk] fnL ;flxTodf lgaGwsf/sf ¿kdf ;k' l/lrt 5g \ .
logsf sf7df8f}FnfO{ sf]/f{, Ps xftsf] tfnL, 3fdsf] rD' ag nufotsf s[ltx¿ k|sflzt
5g\ . logL cfÇgf lgaGwdf ;dfhsf ljljw vfn] ;d:ofx¿sf] lrq ptf5{g\ . ‘Ps xftsf] tfnL’sf nflu dbg
k/' :sf/ kfPsf gof3F /s] f] oxfF ;dl] 6Psf] dgf/] d sfln~rfs] ofqf ;:+ d/0f xf ] . o;df bfn] vf lhNnfsf] sfln~rfs]
e|d0fsf qmddf u/]sf] cg'ej ;dl] 6Psf] 5 . sfln~rf]s ed| 0f gu/]sfx¿nfO{ klg ToxLF ku' h] :tf] nfUg] u/L
n]lvPsf] of] ;:+ d/0fn] ed| 0fsf] dxŒj w]/} /xs] f] s'/f l;sfPsf] 5 . tnsf] ;:+ d/0f k9/] ltdLx¿ klg sfln~rf]
ssf] af/]df ljljw 1fg ;~ro u/ .
!= rl/sf6] 5f8/] pQ/lt/ nfUbf xfdf| ;fyL lyP lxdfn}lxdfn ¤ hfg' lyof] sfln~rf]s . 3gf
jg, cK7o\ f/f] af6f], glrgs] f] 7fp“ / xfdLdWo] sfx] L klg gku' ]sf] ufp“ – oL c;lhnf s'/f lyP
xfd|f nflu .
@= af6f] nfUg' cl3 j/k/ ;f]wvfh] u¥of}“ xfdLn] . sx] L vfhf;fhf lsgd]n klg u¥of }“ . j/k/
bl] vPsf lxdfnn] l56f] lx“8 l56f] lx8“ sfln~rf]slt/ eGg] s/' f xfdf| sfgdf k'm;k'm;fO/xs] f]
cg'e"lt xfdLn] u¥of }F .
#= lxpF k//] af6f] 5]lsPsf] 5 c/] < rfF}/L ;d]t w]/} tn;Dd ¹fl/Psf 5g\ c/] ¤¤ dfl:t/ hfg]
af6f] k"/} 9ª' \u]gL psfnL 5 c/] ¤¤¤ o:t} c/] / /s] f y'k|} s/' fx¿ ;l' gP klg xfdL ltg tGg/] L
sfln~rf]slt/ nDSof F} . lbg wD' d lyof] . lxdfndf 7f]lsP/ j/k/ ul//x]sf] afbnn] lr;f]
df;} d agfPsf] lyof] .
c;lhnf M cK7o\ f/f, ufxf| 9ª' u\ ]gL psfnL M 9'ª\u}9ª' \ufsf] psfnf]
cge' "lt M cge' j, dx;;' wD' d M cfsfzdf rf/}lt/ afbn nfus] f,] wj' fF
sl' x/f] km}lnPsf]
70 5l/tf] gk] fnL – efu kfFr
$= ahf/ 5f]8L b]p/fnL kU' bf k"jk{ l66\
7l8Psf ;t] f lxdfnx¿ nfe] nfUbf
dgleq uOxfNg] / cfv“ fsf k/n] L
gl¹DsfOsg x]l//x"F nfUg] vfnsf
cfw} L cfsifs{ nfu ] . lr;f] ;f“ ¹
Psbd} j/j/ cfof] . ToxfF kftnf
3/, a:tL e]l6Gy ] . ltgsf cf“ugdf
ˆofKn] ss' '/ l;ª\u} kxf8 prfnFn' f
u/]/ el' s/x]sf e]l6Gy ] .
%= xfdL lgs} dfly k'lu;s5] fF } . af6f]df lxpFsf rk/Ln] xfdLnfO{ :jfut u/ ] . r'Rrf / lrKnf
r§fgn] gd:sf/ u/] 7fp7“ fpd“ f . uf/} Lzª\s/ lxdfn xfdf| ] ;fyL eP/ ;fy} lxF8o\ f] v?' v'? .
lxdfnnfO{ ;fyL agfpg kfPsf]df bª\u lyPF d, km' ?ª\u lyPF d .
^= xhf/f}F jif{sf k/' fgf 7n" f7n" f ?vx¿ lyP 8f“8fsf t/]nL–t/n] Ldf . ;fyLx¿ lxpF vN] b}
lxFl8/x] sf lyP . t/ d e/s] f] jf;af/] cln lrlGtt lyPF . d}n] lrGtf lng cfjZos klg
lyof–] lsgeg] cGo b'O{ ;fyL clns cNnf/] / dgdfh} L vfnsf lyP . lh:sLlh:sL nlDs/Åof}F
xfdL bf]nvf lhNnfsf] of] dgf]/d, kf| s[lts ;G' b/ / cnfl} ss ;f}Gbok{ 0" f{ wtL{df . d:tn] 8'Ng
kfpb“ f 5ftL pNnf;, pdª\u / pT;fxn] /dfO/x]sf] 5 .
&= z}n'ª 8f8“ f lyP 7fp–“ 7fpd“ f . 8f“ km] d'gfnsf] dfofkL| lt nfpg] 7fp“ xf] /] z}n'ª 8fF8f . Pp6f
y'Dsfbl] v csf]{ y'Dsf;Dd j]u df/L aNn a:5 /] 8“fkm ] . To;}n] zn} 'ªsf] ljzi] f dxŒj xb'“ f]/x5]
8f“kms] f] nflu .
*= ;al} t/ rfb“ L h:tf 6nNn 6lNs/xs] f lxdfnn] 3l] /Psf] kxf8L uf/] ]6f] eP/ xfdL lxl“ 8/x5] f F} . lgs}
dfly ku' ]kl5 yfdL hfltsf dfG5]x¿ ef/L afs] /] psfnf] plSn/xs] f e]l6P . xfdLn] ltgLx¿;u“
kfgL dfu]/ vfof}“ / z/L/df pmhf{ e¥ofF } .
(= ‘h" – h’" yfdL efiffdf ‘gd:t–] gd:t]’ elgbF f] /x5] . cfw'lgs hLjgzn} L, ljsf; lzIff /
;+:s[ltaf6 6fl9Psf logLx¿af6 xfdLn] rl/sf]6, lh/L / sfln~rf]ssf y'k}| tYo, hfgsf/L
/ ;"rgf kfofF} .
cfw} L M c;fWo}, Hofb} ;f}Gbo{k0" f{ M ;G' b/tfn] el/Psf]
r§fg M Pp6} 7"nf] 9'ªu\ fsf] kxf8 jf l9:sf] pNnf; M cfgGb, xif{, v';L
bª\u M w/] } k;| Gg, lgs} v';L pT;fx M cf6F , lxDdt, xf};nf
km' ?ªu\ M v;' L jf 3dG9n] km' Ng] u/L, km?' Ss pdª\u M pT;fx, km' tL{
t/]nL M txtx, kqk} q d:t M cfglGbt, v';L ePsf,] ;Gt'i6
dgdf}hL M dgn] rfx/s] f] h:tf] ug,]{ dgdfh] df nfUg] y'Dsf M ;fgf af6'nf 8f8F f
dgf/] d M cfsifs{ , ;G' b/ uf/] ]6f ] M lx8F b\ flxF8b\ } uf]8fn] 6s] ]/ ag]sf] ;fgf] af6f]
cnf}lss M o; nf]sdf gxg' ,] cgf7} f] pmhf{ eg{' M zlQm ylkg,' an a9g\ '
5l/tf] g]kfnL – efu kfrF 71
!)= k;' dlxgfsf] lr;f] lbg 5 . lxp“ sf rk/L 6]S6f r?' d–r?' d cfjfh cfp“Yof] . xfdL ?vkftsf
lxpFsf /f; e'OFlt/ v;fNYof}F af]6nfO{ xNnfP/ . slt 7fp“df t lxpF y'k/|] ?vsf a9]a9]
xfu“ flauf;dt] efl“ RrPsf] b]v]/ 5Ss kYofF{} xfdL . k|s[ltdf slt w/] } zlQm 5 . cgf7} f] dfgL–
dfgL lxl8F/Åof}F xfdL .
!!= af6fdf rf}F/L el] 6Gy] . 3fF6Ldf 3G6L a“flwPsf rf/F} L ef/L af]Sg, bw" vfg / df;' vfg;dt]
kflnFbf /x]5g \ . gfs / ofs elg“bf] /x]5 rf}/F Lsf efn] –kfy] LnfO{ .
!@= lbgel/ lx8“ /] ;f¹“ df s/' L k'Uof}F xfdL . af6fdf wd9{ f]sf / kmnfd] uf}F8f] gf3s] f lyof}F xfdLn ] .
u'/f;F , lrdfn, plQ; / s6;' sf ?vkft jge} l/ lyP . af6fdf el] 6Psf ofq'x¿ eGy]–
‘j}zfvlt/ otfsf eO' F¹f/ v'a} k'mN5g\ . tL km" nsf af:gfn] n6l\ 7P/ a6j' fx¿ / tLyf{ n'x¿
k'Sn'Ss–k'SnSs 9N5g\ / ] . To;}n] sfln~rfs] hfg] vf; ;do sflQsbl] v kmfug' ;Dd /fdf| ]
dflgFbf] /x5] .
!#= kml] / lgs} psfnf,] kmf“ 6 / 3f;“ ] rf/} nuftf/ l5rfn] k] l5 xfdL sfln~rfs] dlGb/ kU' of F} . pQ/lt/
cfv“ } n67\ ofpg] lxdfnsf cfsifs{ n:s/ lyP . r'Rr,] yK] r,] rK] 6], uhw'Dd] / Çof:; ;lDdPsf
cg]s k|sf/sf lxpFrn' L x/] ]/ dg t slt /dfof] slt ¤
!$= ljleGg kj{ / rf8df dfG5s] f] cfO] /f] nfUg] of] dlGb/ cf:yfsf] sG] b| g} /x5] . k"jk{ l66\ sf]
yD' sfdf lqz"nl} qzn" sf] vft lyof ] . >4fnx' ¿ cfÇgf] efsn k/" f eP oxf“ lqz"n r9fpg
cfpb“ f/x5] g\ . ;]tf / /ftf sk8fsf w/f of] yD' sfdf htftt} kmk{m/fO/x]sf lyP . lr;f] :of7F
/ c66' rln/x]sf] xfjfn] xfd|f cfv“ f–cf7] / z/L/ yy{/fP .
!%= ks| [lt / wflds{ lx;fan] 7"nf] dxŒj /x5] sfln~rf]ssf] . kxf8, hªu\ n / lxdfnsf] tx}txdf
a;]sf] /x5] ;'Gb/ sfln~rf]s 8f“8f . jl/kl/ lxdfnsf] 3/] faGbLdf y'lgPsf] /x5] of] wflds{
:yn . lxdfn x]/]/ gc3fpg] ko{6sx¿ ;u/dfyf hfg otfsf] af6f] klg ko| f]u u5g{ \ eGg]
a'l¹of] . lxdfn k'Ug' cl3 oL bZ[ o x]/L lxdfnaf/] yk' |} ;r" gf / hfgsf/L lnG5g\ eGg] klg 1fg
xfdLn] kfof} F .
!^= bf]nvfsf] rl/sf]6af6 Ps lbgdf kU' g ;lsg] sfln~rf]sdf sj] nsf/af6 af6f] 5f]6f] kfg{]
:yfgLo afl;Gbfsf] ;fr] fO / ;kgf 5 eGg] klg al' ¹of ] . k|s[lt / jftfj/0fdf c;fWo} 3n' ldn
eP/ 3D' g ?rfpg] xg' fn] ufpn“ s] f] of] ;kgf dnfO{ dg k/g] . lj1fg / kl| jlwsf] a:] ;/L ko| fu]
rk/L M rfO] nL, l9sf c6'6 M lg/Gt/ ¿kdf, g6'l6sg
rf}F/L M lxdfnL ufO,{ afSnf] /f}F xg' ] Ps k|sf/sf] ufO{ ko{6s M gofFgofF 7fpF 3d' lkm/ ug{] dfG5]
uf8}F f ] M ;f3F '/f] af6f] s]jnsf/ M kmnfdsf] df]6f] n67\ fdf ¹'lG8P/ dfG5] /
a6j' f M af6f] lxF8g\ ] dfG5], ofqL
tLy{fn ' M tLy{ hfg] dfG5], eQm ;fdfg cf;] fg]{ ;fwg
uhw'Dd] M grndnfO{ a:g,] xnrn gu/L a:g] kl| jlw M cg'ej jf k|ofu] sf cfwf/df sfd ul/g]
:of7F M Psgf;n] axg] lr;f] xfjf
vf; ljlw
72 5l/tf] g]kfnL – efu kfFr
u/L s]jnsf/ agfPkl5 ufps“ f] ;'Gb/tf / :jR5tf x/fp“5 . hlt a9L j}1flgs k4lt /
tl/sf ko| fu] ul/G5 plQ g} k|sl[ tsf] gfz xG' 5 . otflt/ klg xfdL ;ts{ xg' ] ls ¤
!&= sfln~rfs] af6 b]lvPsf j/k/sf c¿ yk' |} ;G' b/ a:tL, vfn] f, gfnf / hªu\ n x]g{ s/' Ldf
xf6] ]nx¿ /x]sf 5g\ . Toxf“ a;/] k|sl[ t / jftfj/0fsf] cfgGb lng ;lsG5 . jg:klt, hl} js
ljljwtf / e"ufn] sf] cWoogsf lglDt vf; :yfg nfUof] dnfO{ of ] . g]kfnsf ;G' b/ cfsif{s /
cToGt} dgf/] d 7fp“dWo] k5{ sfln~rfs] ¤ xfdL klg Ps k6s kU' g] xf] ls sfln~rfs] <
:jR5tf M ;/;kmfO{, :jR5 xg' fsf] efj hl} js ljljwtf M ljleGg ks| f/sf hLjhGt', jg:klt
s'/L M 7fpFsf] gfpF cflbdf kfOg] leGgtf
jg:klt M af6] la?jf
cEof;
zAb 1fg
!= tnsf zAbx¿ z'4;Fu pRrf/0f u/ M
wflds{ , ;+:sl[ t, ;f}Gbo{k"0f{, jftfj/0f, lqzn" , cfsifs{ , bª\u
@= z'4 kf/]/ nv] M
k/flsl/lts, k2tL, sfnLgrf]s, h+un, ;f5] \5tf, b[:P
#= tnsf zAbx¿sf] pN6f] cy{ lbg] zAb n]v M
cnfl} ss, ;G' b/, kf| s[lts, lbg, ;kgf, dfly, w/] }
$= jfSodf k|of]u u/ M
8fFkm,] pmhf{ eg{,' lbgel/, v?' v?' , /,] pT;fx, rf/F} L, uf/] ]6f]
%= tnsf zAbsf] cy{ n]v M
d:t, 9'ªu\ ]gL, pT;fx, uhwD' d], uf}F8f,] k|ljlw, ko6{ s, rk/L, t/n] L
^= dflysf] ;:+ d/0faf6 kfrF j6f cg's/0ffTds zAb vf]h]/ nv] M
h:t} M v'?v'?
&= dflysf] kf7af6 rGbl| jGb' nfus] f kfrF cf]6f zAb vfh] ]/ n]v .
5l/tf] g]kfnL – efu kfFr 73
*= dflysf] kf7af6 ‘o’ / ‘P’ nfu]/ ag]sf kfrF kfrF cf6] f zAb n]v .
(= tnsf zAb / cys{ f aLrdf hf]8f ldnfpm M
dgf/] d cge' j
>4fn ' zlQm
pmhf { ;f3F '/f] af6f]
cge' "lt rfx] h:tf] df]h ug]{
uf}F8f ] >4fkj" s{ sfd ug]{
dgdf}hL cfsif{s
k7g afw]
!= tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] PsPs jfSodf pQ/ b]pm M
s_ ‘dgf]/d sfln~rf]s’ ;:+ d/0fsf nv] s sf] xg' \ <
v_ 8f8F fsf t/]nLdf s:tf ?vx¿ lyP <
u_ ‘d’ kfqsf ;fyL s:tf lyP <
3_ s;af6 sfln~rfs] sf af/]df ‘d’ kfq / p;sf ;fyLx¿n] hfgsf/L kfP <
ª_ sfln~rfs] hfg s'g ;do pkoS' t dflgG5 <
r_ nv] s / ;fyLx¿ lsg 5Ss k/] <
5_ ufpFsf] ;'Gb/tf :jR5tf s;/L x/fpF5 <
h_ sfln~rfs] s:tf] 7fpFdf /xs] f] 5 <
¹_ n]vsnfO{ sfln~rf]s s:tf] nfUof] <
@= efj :ki6 kf/ M
hlt a9L j1} flgs k4lt / tl/sf ko| fu] ul/G5 plt g} ks| l[ t gfz xG' 5 .
#= tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] pQ/ b]pm M
s_ ‘dgf/] d sfln~rfs] ’ ;+:d/0fdf k|sl[ tsf] s:tf] lrq0f ul/Psf] 5 <
v_ sfln~rfs] hfFbf n]vs / pgsf ;fyLx¿n] s:tf] ;d:of ¹]Ng'k¥of] <
u_ pgLx¿n] af6fd] f s:tf bZ[ ox¿ bv] ] <
3_ nv] sn] lsg Ps k6s sfln~rf]s kU' gk' g]{ s'/f atfPsf 5g\ <
ª_ sfln~rfs] hfg] af6f] ;lhnf] agfpg sa] nsf/ agfpg] s/' f nv] snfO{ lsg dg k/g] <
$= nfdf] pQ/ bp] m M
sfln~rf]s ed| 0fsf qmddf nv] sn] s] s:tf cg'ej ;Fufn] < aofg u/ .
74 5l/tf] g]kfnL – efu kfFr
l;hg{ f
!= lgaGwdf s'g} ljifosf] af/]df l;nl;nfa4 hfgsf/L lbOG5 . o;df ;a}eGbf klxnf ljifosf]
kl/ro lbOG5 To;kl5 To;sf] dxŒj, kmfObf, c;/ cflbsf] rrf{ ul/G5 . To;kl5 lgisif{
lbOG5 . ;:+ d/0fdf eg] sg' s/' fsf] ;+:d/0f nV] g] xf] To;sf] ljifo rog ul/G5 . e|d0f u/s] f]
gofF 7fpFsf] af/]df hfgsf/L lbg] xf] eg] sxfF, slxn,] s;/L, lsg h:tf kZ| gsf] pQ/ cfpg]
u/L ed| 0f u/s] f] 7fpF / To;af6 cfkm" n] cge' j u/s] f s/' fx¿ nV] g'k5{ .
@= kf7df lbOPsf] ;:+ d/0fsf] zn} Ldf cfkm" n] ed| 0f u/s] f] sg' } 7fpsF f] j0fg{ ub{} Pp6f ;:+ d/0f nv] .
#= klxnf]rf]l6 ljBfno hfFbfsf] cge' j ;d6] /] Pp6f ;:+ d/0f n]v M
Jofs/0f
!= gfd jf ;jg{ fdsf k5fl8 hfl] 8g cfpg] n,] af6, åf/f, nfO,{ nflu, bl] v, sf,] sf, sL, /f,] /f, /L,
gf,] gf, gL, df, dfly cflbnfO{ ljelQm elgG5 . lognfO{ ljleGg ;ft efudf afl“ 8Psf] 5 .
@= cfjZos ljelQm lrÅgx¿ e//] tnsf jfSox¿ k/" f u/ M
/dz] ========= ux[ sfo{ u/s] f] 5}g . u'? d ========= cfPg clg ul/g“ .
sfsf ljbz] ========= cfpge' of] . bfh ========= d ========= snd lbg'eof ] .
pd]z ========= sf7] f ========= sf] cfP5 < u'? ========= sfnf]kf6L ========= n]Vg'eof ] .
cfÇgf] sfd ========= dg nufpm . clgtf lxhf] ========= cfPsL 5}g .
#= dflysf] kf7af6 km/s km/s ljelQm nfu]sf kfrF j6f jfSox¿ l6k]/ sfkLdf n]v clg ljelQm
lrÅgx¿df /]vfª\sg u/ M
ljzi] f 1fg
;flxTosf ljljw ljwfx¿
sfJo ljwf – xfOs', tfªs\ f, rDk', dQ' ms, uLt, uhn, sljtf, v08sfJo, dxfsfJo
cfVofg ljwf – n3'syf, syf, pkGof;
gf6s ljwf – Psfª\sL, gf6s
k|aGw ljwf – lgaGw, k|aGw, ;:+ d/0f ÷ lgofqf, hLjgL
5l/tf] g]kfnL – efu kfrF 75
KFF7 ;+jfb
!@ xfdf| ] ;:+ sl[ t
efOalxgLx¿;uF † – ltdLn] sg' } ;f:+ sl[ ts sfoq{ mddf efu lnPsf 5f} <
– ltd|f] ;d'bfodf kr| lnt nf]s ;:+ sl[ tsf] af/d] f yfxf 5 <
– ltdL s'gs'g rf8kj{ dgfp5F f} <
– ;+:sl[ tsf] ;/+ If0f lsg cfjZos 5 <
nfdf] ;dobl] v k/Dk/fsf] ¿kdf dfGb} cfPsf s/' fx¿ ;:+ sl[ tcGtut{ kb5{ g \ . hft, Ifq] tyf wds{ f cfwf/df
;:+ sl[ tx¿ cnucnu x'G5g \ . o:tf ;:+ s[ltx¿n] sg' } klg hfltsf] klxrfg u/fpF5g \ . To;n} ] xfdLn] cfÇgf]
;:+ s[ltsf] ;/+ If0f ug{'k5 { . ;+:sl[ tsf] ;Ddfg klg ug'{k5 { . ;+:sl[ tdf wgL ePs} sf/0f cfh xfd|f] b]z xg] { ljleGg
d'n'saf6 dflg;x¿ g]kfn cfpg] u/s] f 5g\ . gk] fndf cgs] ks| f/sf ;f:+ s[lts ;Dkbfx¿ /xs] f 5g \ . o:tf
;Dkbfx¿sf] hug] f{ ug{' xfdL ;a}sf] st{Jo xf ] . xfdLn] cfÇgf] ;:+ s[ltsf] ;/+ If0f ub{} csfs{ f] ;+:s[ltsf] ;Ddfg
ug{ klg hfGgk' 5 { . tnsf] ;j+ fbdf g]kfnsf ;f+:sl[ ts ;Dkbfx¿sf] ¹ns b]vfOPsf] 5 . sIffdf kfn}kfnf] k9]/
eGg vfl] hPsf] s'/f /fd|/L a'ˆg] k|of; u/ M
!= zlgaf/sf] lbg ljBfnodf labf ePsfn] s6] fs6] Lx¿
cfk;df vn] /] /dfOnf] ub{} 5g\ . vN] bfvN] b} yfsk] l5
pgLx¿ Ps 7fpFdf a:5g\ / s/' f ug{ yfN5g\ .
@= cfOt/fd M -s]xL ;D¹] h:tf] u/]/_ cf]xf ] ¤ dn} ]
t ¹G8} la;s{] f,] u'?cfdfn] ltdLn]
dfGg] sg' } Ps kjs{ f] af/d] f n]v]/
cfpm eGge' Psf] lyof ] . -;fgd' foflt/
bv] fP/_ ltdLn] n]Vof} t ;fgd' fof <
#= ;fgd' fof M cF dn} ] t ufOh{ fqfsf] af/d] f Ps kfgf
n]v F] . ltdLn] nv] s] f 5}gf} / < efl] n b]
vfOPg eg] u'?cfdf l/;fpgx' G' 5 lg .
$= cfOt/fd M s] ltdLn] klg nl] v;Sof} t ;lnd <
%= ;lnd M d t klxnf ux[ sfo{ u5{' clg dfq} v]N5 ' . gnv] s] f] eP t d oxfF cfpg] g} lyOgF
lg .
^= ;fgd' fof M ;fFRr} ltdLn] rflxF s]sf af/d] f nV] of} t, ;lnd <
76 5l/tf] gk] fnL – efu kfrF
&= ;lnd M d}n] t /dhfgsf] af/d] f nv] ]F .
*= cfOt/fd M cfDd} ¤ d dfq l9nf eP5 ' . d}n] klg ux[ sfo{ k/" f u//] dfq v]Ng'kg{] /x5] .
km;fb kg]{ eOxfNof] lg . s]sf] af/]df nV] g], s;/L n]Vg] Tof] klg d;] f] 5g} . gq
t lxhf] g} nV] yF] lg† kl5 ;fr] /] nv] fnF} f eGbf lal;P{ 5 . wGg ;lD¹xfn,F] ca nV] 5 ' .
(= ;fgd' fof M n cfOt klg s] s/' f u/s] f] To:tf ] . s]sf] af/]df nV] g] eg/] klg ;fl] r/xgk' 5{
/ ¤ cfk"mn] dfGg] kj{sf] af/]df nV] g] t xf] lg .
!)= ;lnd M 7Ls elgg\ ;fgd' fofn]† cfk"mn] dfGg] kj{ t cfkm}nF fO{ yfxf eOxfN5 lg . d
d';ndfg x F' . d]/f] ;d'bfodf Ob, /dhfg h:tf kjx{ ¿ dgfOG5g\ . dn} ]
/dhfgsf] af/]df n]vF ] . ;fgd' fof gj] f/ xf ] . p;n] ufO{hfqfsf] af/]df n]vL .
ltdL tfdfª ltdL klg ltdLn] dgfpg] sg' } kj{sf] af/]df nv] g .
!!= cfOt/fd M xf], nV] g], t/ sg' kj{sf] af/d] f nV] g ] . Ps b'O{ j6f eP kf] .
!@= ;lnd M xg} s] eG5 of] s]6f] < ePe/sf] ;a} kj{sf] af/]df nv] egs] f] xf] t . ltdLn]
dgfpg] s'g} Pp6f kjs{ f] af/d] f kf] n]Vg' eGg'ePsf] xf] t u?' cfdfn ] . km]l/
ltdLx¿ ;lD¹g} g;Sg] u/L Tolt w]/} kj{ dgfp5F f} / <
!#= ;fg'dfof M xg} cfOt, ltdLx¿ a4' kl" 0fd{ f / Ånf;] f/ dfG5f} eg]sf] xg} / ¤
!$= cfOt/fd M ltdLn] eg]sf] ;xL xf] . xfdL a'4 kl" 0f{df / Ånf;] f/ dgfpF5f}F t/ oltdfq x}g lg .
xfdL b;,F} ltxf/ h:tf rf8kj{x¿ klg p:t} wd' wfdsf ;fy dgfp5F fF } .
!%= ;lnd M xf] t x,} ltdLx¿ a4' kh" f / bu' f{ kh" f ;uF ;uF } u5f {} . crDdsf] ;lxi0ft' f 5
ltdLx¿sf] wdd{ f . xfd|f] df t To:tf] xbF' }g . xfdL lxGb,' a'4 jf O;fOx{ ¿n] dfGg]
sg' } klg kj{ dgfpFb}gf F} . xfd|f] cfÇgf] wdn{ ] tf]ss] f] dfq dgfp5F f F} .
!^= ;fgd' fof M xfdL klg dgfp5F fF} b;F} ltxf/ . xfdL a'4 kl" 0fd{ f klg dfG5f}F clg hg} k"l0fd{ f klg
dfG5f }F . xfdL :joDe" klg hfG5f}F kzk' lt klg hfG5f }F . a'4 wd{ dfGg] / lxGb' wd{
dfGg]sf aLrdf o:t} ;lxi0f'tf 5 . oxfF af4} rT} o ePsf] 7fpdF f lxGb'sf] dlGb/
5 . dlGb/ kl/;/df af4} rT} o klg 5 . of] ;+;f/s} nflu Pp6f ;'Gb/ gd'gf xf ] .
s;f] cfOt, dn} ] ;xL eg,F] xg} <
!&= cfOt/fd M Psbd ;xL eGof} ;fg'dfof, ltdLn] ;fx}| dflds{ s/' f u¥of} . of] g} g]kfnL
ufOh{ fqf M s;}sf] dT[ o' ePsf] jif{ 3/af6 ufO{ jf dfG5] Ånf];f/ M zk] f,{ u'?ª, tfdfª hfltn] dgfpg] kj{
nfO{ l;Fuf//] ahf/ 3'dfpg] hfqf w'dwfd M 7"nf] km' tLk{ mftL,{ t8se8s
;lxi0f'tf M wL/tf, IfdfzLntf
/dhfg M d';ndfgL jifs{ f] gjfF} dlxgf jf To;df O;fO{ M lqml:rog
dgfOg] wfld{s kj{ kl/;/ M s'g} 3/, ejg cflbsf] cf;kf;sf] hldg
af}4 r}To M a'4sf] dlGb/
km;fb M cK7]/f] l:ylt
Ob M d;' ndfgx¿sf] k|l;4 kj{
a4' k"l0fd{ f M a'4 hGd]sf] lbg, jz} fv k"l0fd{ f
5l/tf] gk] fnL – efu kfrF 77
;+:s[ltsf] klxrfg xf] . -;lndlt/ x/] /] _ ;lnd ltd|f] Obdf xfdLnfO{ klg
/dfOnf] nfU5 . ltdL xfdL;uF Obsf] v;' L ;f6g\ ;S5f } . xfdL klg ltdL;uF Ånf;] f/ /
b;sF} f] /f}gs afF8g\ ] 5fF} . o;f] eof] eg] xfdLn] dgfpg] rf8kjd{ f c¹ a9L pT;fx
ylkG5 . c¹ /dfOnf] xG' 5 .
!*= ;lnd M ltdLx¿n] w]/} /fdf| ] s'/f u¥of } . ltdLx¿sf] s/' fn] t d cToGt k;| Gg ePF .
ltdLx¿n] eg] h:t} cfÇgf] wd;{ +:s[ltsf] /Iff ub{} csf{sf] wd{;+:sl[ tsf] ;Ddfg
u//] g} dfgjLo ;Eotfsf] ljsf; plrt ¿kdf x'G5 .
!(= ;fgd' fof M xfdf| ] bz] df w/] } hft / wd{ dfGg] dflg;x¿ a:5g \ . pgLx¿sf] cfcfÇg} efiff /
;:+ sl[ t 5g \ . pgLx¿n] dfGg] rf8 / kjx{ ¿ klg km/skm/s 5g\ .
@)= cfOt/fd M ;xL eGof} ;fgd' fof, oxfF lxdfn, kxf8 / t/fO{df ljleGg ks| f/sf ;+:sl[ tx¿
5g\ . k"jL{ gk] fnsf] t/fOd{ f 57 kj{ dgfOG5 eg] ;b' "/klZrddf uf/} f kj{
dgfOG5 . sf7df8fF} pkTosfdf la:s]6hfqf, ufOh{ fqf, OGb|hfqf, 3f]8]hfqf
dgfOG5 . ;fRF r} xfdf| ] b]z ;+:sl[ tsf] ;'Gb/ ;ª\u|xfno h:tf] 5 . oxfF ljljw
;:+ sl[ tx¿ Ps} 7fpFdf km" n]kmn]sf 5g\ . of] xfdf| ] ljz]iftf g} xf] .
@!= ;lnd M Tolt dfq sxfF xf] / cfOt, xfdLsxfF cgs] ks| f/sf ;f:+ sl[ ts k/Dk/fx¿ 5g \ . xfdL
lwd]sf] tfndf cfÇgf ysfg d6] 5\ f F} . r08L / afng' ;uF } cfÇgf lk8f la;G{ 5f F} . ;]nf]
/ df?gLsf] tfndf sDd/ dsfp{ 5F f F} . wfggfrsf] /fg} sn] xfdLnfO{ 5fO] /xG5 . o:tf]
dflds{ M dg 5'g], 3tnfUbf] uf}/f kj{ M vf;u/L klZrd gk] fndf dgfOg] ljz]if kj{
pkTosf M jl/kl/ kxf8n] 3l] /Psf] aLrsf] ;Dd k/s] f] 57 M k"jL{ t/fOs{ f] ljz]if kj{
lwd] M 9f]ns h:tf] Ps ks| f/sf] afhf jf To;
hldg
dfgjLo ;Eotf M dflg;sf] cfr/0f, Jojxf/ r08L afhfsf] tfndf gflrg] gfr
/fg} s M rxnkxn, /ªu\ Lrª\uL afng M ls/ftF k|bz] sf] kl| ;4 gfr
;ªu\ |xfno M dxŒjk"0f{ jf b'ne{ j:t'x¿sf] ;ªu\ x| u/]/ ;n] f ] M Ps k|sf/sf] wfld{s nfs] uLt
M tfdfª hfltsf] k|l;4 gfr
/flvPsf] 7fpF
78 5l/tf] gk] fnL – efu kfrF
;f:+ sl[ ts Pstfsf] gdg' f ;;+ f/df cGt sxfF kfOG5 / ¤
@@= ;fgd' fof M cfx] f ] ¤ ;lndnfO{ t g]kfnL ;+:s[ltsf] af/]df w/] } s'/f yfxf /x]5 . xf] t ;lnd,
xfdL wfg /fK] b} a]7L nufpg tyf dlR5Gbg| fysf] /y tfGb} bfl} 8bF f p:t} cfgGbn]
ljef/] x'G5fF } . xfdLnfO{ kj" s{ f] pFwfn} L / peF f}nLn] dfq xf]Og ldlynf Ifq] sf]
l¹lF ¹ofn] klg plQs} tfG5 . To;}n] t xfdL ;f:+ sl[ ts ¿kdf wgL 5fF} . o;}n] t
xfdf| ] bz] xg] { ljZjsf ljleGg 7fpaF f6 dflg;x¿ gk] fn cfpg] u/s] f xg' \ lg t .
@#= cfOt/fd M xg} xfdL t s/' f ubfu{ b{} stf kU' ofF} stf . xfdf| ] s/' fsfgLsf] ljifo t efl] nsf]
ux[ sfo{ lyof] lg xg} / < ltdLx¿;uF s/' fsfgL u/k] l5 t d ¹g\ cndndf kg{] ePF
ca . ss] f] ljifodf nv] /] a¹' fpg] xfn] f efl] n ux[ sfo{ eGg] kf] lrGtf eof] t .
@$= ;lnd M ‘/ftel/ s/fof] blIf0ff x/fof’] eg]sf] oxL xf ] . xfdL ;+:s[lt tyf ;f:+ s[lts
rf8kjs{ f af/d] f olt w/] } s'/f ul//xs] f 5f }F . pm eg] ss] f] af/]df n]Vg] xfn] f
eG5 .
@%= ;fgd' fof M xf] t cfOt ltdL h'g kj{sf] af/]df nv] ] klg nv] . sx] L km/s kbg{} . gk] fndf
dgfOg] ;a} kjx{ ¿ ltdf| xfdf| cfÇg} kj{ xfO] gg\ / ¤ ltdL Ånf;] f/sf] af/d] f nv] of
b;sF} f] af/d] f nv] hs] f] af/d] f nv] ] klg tL ltdf| cfÇg} kj{ t xg' \ lg . ls s;f] <
@^= cfOt/fd M ;fFRr} xf], xfdL ;:+ s[ltsf] ;'Gb/ km" naf/Ldf 5f }F . xfdL;uF cg]s ks| f/sf kjx{ ¿
5g \ . tLdWo] s'g} Pp6fsf] af/]df nV] 5' clg klxnf ltdLx¿nfO{ bv] fp5F ' . st}
st} ql' 6 eof] eg] ldnfOb]cf] x } .
@&= b'j} M eOxfN5 lg . klxnf ltdL n]Vg t n]v .
@*= ;lnd M cfh w/] } a]/ vN] of†F} s'/fsfgL klg u¥ofF } . ca ef]s klg nfUg yfNof] . d t
3/lt/ hfG5†' cfdfn] vfhf klg agfpge' of] xf]nf .
@(= b'j} M xfdLnfO{ klg ltdf| ] 3/ nfG5f} t, ltdL| cfdfn] agfpg'ePsf] vfhf vfg <
#)= ;lnd M lx8F g hfcfF} . of] klg ;f]Wg'kg{] s'/f xf] / <
ltg} hgf ;lndsf] 3/lt/ nfU5g\ .
df?gL M Ps k|l;4 gfr pFefn} L M uf]7 kh" f ug]{ lbg, ufO{j:t' a;F] Laf6 ufpdF f
a7] L M afhf ahfO{ pT;jsf ;fy ul/g] /fk] fOF nfg] ze' lbg
ljef/] M tNnLg, uDeL/ l¹Fl¹of
pFwfn} L M uf7] k"hf ug]{ lbg, ufO{ a:t' aF;] L ¹fg{] ql' 6 M ldlynf Ifq] sf] kl| ;4 gfr
M uNtL, sdhf]/L
ze' lbg
5l/tf] gk] fnL – efu kfFr 79
cEof;
zAb 1fg
!= tnsf zAbx¿ z4' ;uF pRrf/0f u/ M
dlR5Gb|gfy, u[xsfo{, :joDe", cToGt, r}To, ;f:+ sl[ ts
@= tnsf zAbsf] cy{ n]v M
q'l6, ufO{hfqf, ;ª\u|xfno, /f}gs, kl/;/, ;lxi0f'tf
#= jfSodf k|of]u u/ M
plrt, bz] , /ftel/ s/fof] blIf0ff x/fof], gq, kf], k"mnaf/L
$= tnsf zAb / cys{ f aLrdf hf]8f ldnfpm M
wd' wfd kj" L{ t/fO{ Ifq] df dgfOg] k|l;4 rf8
pkTosf ldlynf Ifq] sf] k|l;4 gfr
d];f ] :tk"
57 7n" f] k'mtLk{ mftL{
l¹lF ¹of dn] f], qmd
rT} o jl/kl/ hldgn] 3l] /Psf] aLrsf] ;Dd k/]sf] hldg
%= dflysf] ;+jfbaf6 rGbl| jGb' nfu]/ ag]sf s'g} kfrF zAbx¿ l6k .
^= z4' kf/L k'gn]{vg u/ M
xfld wfg /fk] bO{ al] 7 nufpg tyf dlR5Gb| gfysf] /7 tfGb} bf8} Lbf p:t} cfgG8n] ljef/] xG' 5f } .
&= tnsf zAbsf] pN6f] cy{ lbg] zAb n]v M
7Ls, b]z, wgL, /dfOnf], k"jL,{ ;G' b/
k7g af]w
!= tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] PsPs jfSodf pQ/ bp] m M
s_ u?' cfdfn] cfOt/fdnfO{ s] eGge' Psf] lyof] <
v_ dfgjLo ;Eotfsf] ljsf; s;/L x'G5 <
80 5l/tf] g]kfnL – efu kfFr
u_ xfdf| ] bz] df s]s:tf dflg;x¿ a:5g\ <
3_ sf7df8f}F pkTosfdf sg' sg' hfqf dgfOG5g\ <
ª_ kj" L{ g]kfnsf] t/fO{df sg' kj{ dgfOG5 <
r_ xfdL s]sf] tfndf cfÇgf] ysfg d]65\ f}F <
5_ ljZjsf ljleGg 7fpaF f6 dflg;x¿ lsg xfdf| ] bz] df cfpg] u/s] f 5g\ <
h_ cfOt/fdnfO{ s]sf] af/]df lrGtf nfus] f] 5 <
¹_ dflysf] ;+jfbdf sfs] f] pkl:yt ePsf 5g\ <
`_ ;lnd lsg k|;Gg eof] <
@= 5f]6s/Ldf pQ/ b]pm M
s_ xfd|f] b]zdf ss] :tf rf8kj{x¿ dgfOG5g\ <
v_ xfdf| rf8kjs{ f ljzi] ftf s]s] x'g\ <
u_ xfdL ;f+:sl[ ts ¿kdf wgL 5f}F eg]sf] s] xf] <
3_ dflysf] ;+jfbn] s:tf] lzIff lbPsf] 5 <
#= cy{ v'nfpm M
cfÇgf] wd{;:+ s[ltsf] /Iff ub}{ csf{sf] wd{ ;:+ sl[ tsf] ;Ddfg u//] g} dfgjLo ;Eotfsf] ljsf;
plrt ¿kdf xG' 5 .
$= nfdf] pQ/ b]pm M
gk] fn ;f:+ s[lts bl[ i6df cToGt ;DkGg 5 eGg] s'/f kf7sf] cfwf/df :ki6 kf/ .
l;h{gf
!= lbOPsf] ;+jfb k"/f u/ M
a4' M s] 5 k|;Gg < ltdL stfaf6 cfp“b} 5f} <
k;| Gg M =============================================================================================
a'4 M s] eof} t < k/' :sf/ kfof} <
k;| Gg M kfOPg † d]/f] kl| tåGåL w/] } /fdf| ] v]Nbf] /x5] . cfÇgf] t cEof;} ku' ]g .
a4' M =============================================================================================
k|;Gg M =============================================================================================
5l/tf] gk] fnL – efu kfFr 81
a'4 M clxn] glht/] s] ef] t, csf{k] N6 /fd|/L tof/L u/ . ldlxgt] sf] kmn kfOxfN5f} lg .
k;| Gg M =============================================================================================
a'4 M clxn] g} x/]; gvfpm g . c;kmn xg' ]x¿ g} kl5 ;kmn xG' 5g\ .
k|;Gg M =============================================================================================
a'4 M o;} u/L sfoq{ mddf efu lnbF } uof} eg] lgZro klg ltdLn] Ps lbg /fdf| ] ;kmntf
kfpg] 5f} .
k;| Gg M n t d lx“8 F] . 3/ uP/ u[xsfo{ klg ug{' 5 .
a4' M x'G5 t, e]6b\ } u/ g .
@= ‘:jf:Yosf] nflu ;kmf lkpg] kfgL’ eGg] ljifodf bO' { ;fyLsf] s/' fsfgL n]v .
Jofs/0f
!= Wofg lbP/ k9 M
s_ e"t sfn M lats] f] ;donfO{ e"t sfn elgG5 . klxns] f] ;do jf lats] f] ;donfO{ a¹' fpg]
ljm| ofsf] ¿k e"t sfn xf ] . et" sfnn] sfd eO;ss] f] cj:yfnfO{ a'¹fp“5 .
vfP“, vfof“,} vfO;\, vfof}, vfg'eof], vfof,] vfO,{ vfOg,\ vfP et" sfnsf ljm| of
x'g \ .
v_ jtd{ fg sfn M clxns] f] ;donfO{ jtd{ fg sfn elgG5 . jtd{ fg sfnn] clxns] f] sfdsf] ;donfO{
a¹' fp5“ . eO/x]sf] cyf{t\ clxn]sf] sfdsf] ;do a¹' fpg] lj|mofsf] ¿knfO{
jt{dfg sfn elgG5 .
u_ eljiot\ sfn M eljiot\ sfn eg]sf] kl5sf] ;do xf] . cfpg] ;donfO{ jf laTg afs“ L
;donfO{ eljiot\ sfn elgG5 . eljiot\ sfnn] kl5 xg' ] sfdsf] ;donfO{
a'¹fp“5 .
et" sfn jt{dfg sfn eljiot\ sfn
l;sf/Ln] af3 df¥of ] . efph" dlGb/ hfg'xG' 5 . efO snfsf/ aGg] 5 .
s6] fs6] Lx¿ uf7] fnf] uPsf lyP . bfh' clkm; hfgx' G' 5 . ltdL gk] fnu~h hfg] 5f} .
;G' tnLn] ;G' tnf vfO { . 5f/] L u[xsfo{ u5 {] . eujtL l;g]df x]g{ hfg] 5 ] .
dfwjn] lkª v]Nof ] . efO :ofp vfG5 . cfdf dlGb/ hfgx' g' ] 5 .
ltdL sf;] “u cfof} < d ;w}“ ljBfno hfG5 ' . d csf{] jif{ ;'v]t{ hfg] 5' .
82 5l/tf] gk] fnL – efu kfFr
@= sf]i7sdf lbOPsf] ;ªs\ ]tsf cfwf/df jfSo kl/jt{g u/ M
s_ pgLx¿ 3/ agfp5“ g \ . -et" sfn_
v_ 8fd] f kfOG6 nufp5“ ] . -eljiot\ sfn_
u_ a'af df6] / rnfpg'xG' 5 . -e"t sfn_
3_ gLns07 sf7df8f}“ uP . -jtd{ fg sfn_
ª_ ej' g ljBfno hfG5 . -eljiot\ sfn_
r_ piff rf“8} cfp“5] . -jt{dfg sfn_
ljzi] f 1fg
xfd|f nfs] ;:+ s[ltx¿
hfltut ;+:sl[ t Ifq] ut ;:+ sl[ t
bp] 8f – ;b' "/klZrd
gj] f/ M nfv] gfr, e/} j gfr ;FlugL – kj" L{ gk] fn
lnDa" M Rofa'ª| , wfg gfr l¹lF ¹of – ldlynf Ifq]
yf¿ M rfFr/ r08L – ls/ftF kb| z]
u?' ª, du/ M ;f]/7L
u'?ª M 3f6,' /fb] L
;k] f{, tfdfª M ;]nf]
af| Åd0f, Ifq] L M afn'g
5l/tf] g]kfnL – efu kfFr 83
KFF7 sljtf
xfdf| ] ´G8f!# bj} 1/fh Gofk} fg]
efOalxgLx¿;Fu †
– ltdLn] sg' sg' bz] sf] ¹G8f bv] s] f 5f} < – gk] fnsf] ¹G8fdf ss] ] 5g,\ yfxf 5 <
– gk] fnsf] ¹G8f / c¿ bz] sf] ¹G8fdf s] km/s 5 < – xfdLn] ¹G8fsf] ;Ddfg lsg ugk{' 5{ <
b}j1/fh Gof}kfg] -lj=;+= @))@ – @)^*_ ;k' |l;4 slj x'g\ . logsf hf/] d/' nL, tft] ] afn] L
nufotsf s[ltx¿ k|sflzt 5g \ . zf:qLo 5Gbdf /fdf| sljtf n]Vg] Gof}kfgn] ] nf]snodf
klg uLt tyf sljtfx¿ nv] s] f 5g \ . cfÇgf sljtfdf ks| l[ tsf] ;G' b/ lrq ptfg,{] df6fs] f]
dfof ug]{ slj Gofk} fgs] f] xfd|f] ¹G8f g]kfnL nfs] no ;jfOd{ f n]lvPsf] pTs[i6 sljtf
xf] . o; sljtfdf gk] fnL /fli6«o ¹G8fsf] aofg ul/Psf] 5 . xfd|f jL/ kv' fx{ ¿sf] Tofu,
alnbfg tyf ;ª3\ ifs{ f sf/0f g]kfnL /fli6o« ¹G8fsf] ul/df pRr /xg ;ss] f] xf ] . xfdL :jtGq b]zsf gful/s
ag]/ a:g kfPsf klg k'vfx{ ¿s} alnbfgsf sf/0f xf] . of] ¹G8fdf /x]sf rGb| / ;"o{ hLjgsf k|tLs xg' \ . rGbn| ]
zLtntf lbG5g\ eg] ;o" {n] kf| 0fL tyf jg:kltsf] hLjg /Iff u5{g \ . o:tf] ljnIf0f u0' fn] ;DkGg ¹G8fd'lg /xs] f
xfdL gk] fnLn] o;sf] ul/df c¹ dfly k'¥ofpgk' 5{ . o;sf] ;/+ If0f / ;+j4{g ug{] lhDdf klg xfd}| xf ] . ou' fF}bl] v
ldqx¿kl| t ldqtfsf] efjgf / zqx' ¿k|lt ;v] L /fVb} xfFl;/x]sf] gk] fnL ¹G8f af]s]/ xfdLn] o;sf] ;fgnfO{ w]/}
dfly k'¥ofpg'k5{ eGg] s'/f sljtfdf JoQm ePsf] 5 . tnsf] sljtf sIffdf ;a}n] no xfn/] jfrg u/ M
cfwf efu 3fdl;t cfwf hg" l;t
slt /fdf| ] xfdf| ] ¹G8f ;"o,{ rGb|flËt ..@..
lqsf]0fdf gLnf] 3/] f /ftf] eO' dF fly
;t] f ;o" { tn /fvL ;t] f rGb| dfly .
xfd|f] ¹G8f ag]sf] 5 ;"o{ rGbf| lËt
gk] fnsf] uf/} j of] g]kfnLsf] lht ..^..
lqsf]0f M ltg sg' f ePsf] /]vf hfl] 8“bf aGg] cfsf/, rGbf| lËt M rGb| cª\lst, rGb| hl8Psf]
ltg sf0] f, ltg sg' ] uf}/j M dxŒj† kl| ti7f, ;Ddfg, OHht
84 5l/tf] g]kfnL – efu kfrF
kv' f{ xfdf| jL/ lyP ljZjf;sf wgL
ljhosf] lrÅg of}6f /fvf}F /fd|f] egL .
oxL ¹G8f /fv] pgn] /fVg ofU] o dfly
p7fpFb} lx8F \5fF} xfdL c¹} dfly dfly ..!)..
zflGt lbG5g\ ;"o{ xfd|f sflGt lbG5g\ h"g
xfdL cfofF} ;;+ f/nfO{ /fdf| s'/f lbg
ldq;uF dfof u/L zq';uF ;]vL
xfdf| ] ¹G8f xflF ;/5} o'uf}F o'ubl] v ..!$..
sflGt M zfe] f, ;'Gb/tf, rds, pHofnf] k'vf{ M cfkm" eGbf klxn]sf] j+z, afaa' fh] cflb
M pT;fxL jf cflF 6nf] dfG5], ;fx;L JolQm
;v] L M csf{sf] cufl8 b]vfOg], km'tL{, wfs, 3dG8 jL/ M ofU] otf x'g,] l;kfn', nfos, hfGg]
ou' M Hofb} nfdf] ;dofjlw hgfpg] zAb, h'u, of]Uo
hdfgf
cEof;
zAb 1fg
!= tnsf zAbx¿ z'4;Fu pRrf/0f u/ M
lqsf]0f, ¹G8f, of6} f, ljho, ldq, rGbf| lËt
@= tnsf zAbx¿sf] cy{ n]v M
ofU] o, sflGt, ;]vL, lqsf0] f, jL/
#= tnsf zAbsf] ljk/Lt cy{ lbg] zAb nv] M
zq,' zflGt, wgL, ljZjf;, dfly, ljho, /fd|f
$= dflysf] sljtfdf k|ofu] ePsf cgk' f| ;oS' t zAb vf]h]/ nv] M
%= tnsf vfnL 7fpdF f sljtfaf6 ldNg] zAb e/ M
s_ ================= 3fdl;t =================
slt /fd|f] ================= ;o" { =================
v_ ldq;uF ================= zq;' Fu =================
================= xfFl;/5} =================
5l/tf] g]kfnL – efu kfrF 85
^= tnsf zAbx¿ z'4 kf/]/ cfÇgf] sfkLdf ;f/ M
up/a, e"O{, ldt/, aLho, rLGx
&= tnsf ljk/Lt cy{ lbg] zAb;Fu hf]8f ldnfpm M
cfsfz cUnf]
xfr] f] kftfn
lht b'Mv
;'Gb/ xf/
;'v s'¿k
a}u'gL g/fdf| ]
/fd|f] ug' L
*= cy{ :ki6 xg' ] u/L jfSodf k|ofu] u/ M
kv' f{, ljZjf;, ¹G8f, xfdL, gk] fn
(= dflysf] sljtfaf6 rGbl| jGb' / cfwf cIf/sf] ko| fu] ePsf zAbx¿sf] ;"rL agfpm M
k7g afw]
!= tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] PsPs jfSodf pQ/ bp] m M
s_ ‘xfd|f] ¹G8f’ zLifs{ sf] sljtf s;n] /r]sf xg' \ <
v_ xfd|f] ¹G8f sg' sg' /ª ldn/] ags] f] 5 <
u_ xfdf| k'vf{ s:tf lyP <
3_ rGb|, ;o" {n] s] s] lbG5g\ <
ª_ xfdL ;+;f/df s] lbg cfPsf xfF} <
r_ sljn] s:tf] lrÅg /fvfF} egs] f 5g\ <
@= tnsf] sljtf+zsf] cy{ n]v M
ldq;Fu dfof u/L zq';Fu ;v] L
xfdf| ] ¹G8f xfFl;/}5 o'ufo}F u' bl] v .
86 5l/tf] gk] fnL – efu kfrF
#= JofVof u/ M
cfwf efu 3fdl;t cfwf hg" l;t
slt /fd|f] xfd|f] ¹G8f ;o" {, rGb|flËt .
$= tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ nv] M
s_ ‘xfdf| ] ¹G8f’ sljtfdf sljn] gk] fnsf] ¹G8fsf] s;/L aofg u/s] f 5g\ <
v_ xfd|f] ¹G8fsf ljz]iftfx¿ s]s] xg' \ <
u_ xfdf| ] ¹G8fn] s]s] s/' f l;sfPsf] 5 <
3_ sljn] lsg ¹G8fnfO{ g]kfnLsf] uf/} jsf] ¿kdf lnPsf 5g\ <
%= nfdf] pQ/ b]pm M
xfdf| ] ¹G8f s:tf] 5 < sljtfsf] cfwf/df aofg u/ .
l;hg{ f
!= dflysf] kf7sf] zn} Ldf tnsf] sg' } Ps ljifodf sljtf nv] M
s_ d/] f] b]z
v_ km" naf/L
u_ lxdfn
Jofs/0f
!= tnsf jfSox¿ Wofg lbP/ k9 M
;fdfGo ck"0f{ k"0f{
ljgfb] n] sljtf k9]sf] 5 .
ljgf]b sljtf k95\ . ljgfb] sljtf k9\b} 5 . uLtfn] sfd u/s] L lyO { .
d ef]ln ;x/ uPsf] x'g] 5' .
uLtfn] sfd u/L . uLtf sfd ub}{ lyO{ . dn} ] ux[ sfo{ u/]sf] 5 ' .
xfdLn] km' 6an x/] s] f 5f F} .
d ef]ln ;x/ hfg] 5 ' . d ef]ln ;x/ hfb“ } x'g] 5 ' . tFn} ] s] vfPsf] lyO;\ <
u?' n] Jofs/0f k9fpge' Psf]
d u[xsfo{ u5 '{ . d ux[ sfo{ ub}{ 5' . 5 .
xfdL k'm6an x5] f{} F . xfdL km' 6an xb] {} 5f}F .
tFn} ] s] vfO;\ < tF s] vfFb} lyO;\ <
u'? Jofs/0f k9fpg'xg' ] 5 . u'? Jofs/0f k9fpgx' F'b} 5 .
5l/tf] gk] fnL – efu kfrF 87
@= dflysf jfSox¿ sg' sfnsf xg' \ eGg] s/' f cl3Nnf] kf7df k9s] f] cfwf/df lrGg] ko| f; u/ M
#= pbfx/0fdf lbOPh:t} tnsf jfSo kl/jtg{ u/ M
d 3/ uP“ . -ck"0f{ et" _ – d 3/ hf“b} lyP “ .
s_ t“}n] s] ul/;\ < -k0" f{ e"t_ ===========================================
v_ pgLx¿ ef]hk/' af6 cfPsf lyP . -ck"0f{ et" _ ===========================================
===========================================
u_ d ¹f]nf af]Sb} 5 ' . -k"0f{ eljiot\_
3_ zldn{ fn] efOnfO{ lr7L n]vL . -ck"0f{ jtd{ fg_ ===========================================
===========================================
ª_ tkfO+{ sxf“ kU' ge' of] < -k0" f{ jtd{ fg_
r_ ltdLn] Jofs/0f k9]sf 5f} . -;fdfGo et" _ ===========================================
ljzi] f 1fg
xfdf| ] / l5ds] L /fi6s« f emG8fx¿
rLg ef/t dflNbE;
>Lnªs\ f g]kfn kfls:tfg
e'6fg cÇuflg:tfg aª\unfbz]
88 5l/tf] g]kfnL – efu kfrF
KFF7 syf
c;n ldq!$ – hgsk;| fb xd' fufO{+
efOalxgLx¿;Fu † – ltdf| ] ;fyLn] ltdLnfO{ ;xofu] u5g{ \ <
– dfG5n] fO{ ;fyL lsg rflxG5 <
– ltdf| s:tf s:tf ;fyLx¿ 5g\ <
– ltdL cfÇgf ;fyLx¿nfO{ ;xofu] u5f{} <
h;n] u5{ hgtfnfO{ ?jfpg] sd{
To;nfO{ x'TofOlbg] hgtfsf] wd{
eTsfpgn] fO{ af“b/ eG5g\ agfpg]nfO{ dfG5]
b'O{dWo] xfd|L gfgL x]/f“} sg' x'G5] <
dflysf x/kmx¿ hgsk;| fb x'dfufO{n+ ] n]vs] f xg' \ .
hgsk|;fb xd' fufO{+ -lj=;+= !(($–@)^#_ lk5l8Psf ju{sf] s'/f n]Vg ?rfpg] ;flxTosf/ xg' \ . logsf ls;fgsf]
ult, of6} f gf/f nfpg' 5, gk] fn cfdfsf] ;Tojrg, kl;gf, bM' vL ul/asf] ;jfO,{ uf/] ] 3tL{sf] ;jfO{, af cfdfsf]
dfof, u'lgnf kfrF afnsyf cflb k':tsx¿ k|sflzt 5g\ . pgL ax;' ª\Vos hgtfsf] enfO rfxGy] . pgn] bM' vL
ul/a hgtfsf kIfdf ;flxTo l;h{gf u/s] f 5g \ . To;}n] pgL hg;flxTosf/ x'g \ . pgL afnaflnsfnfO{ cfw} L
dfof uy{ ] . pgn] afnaflnsfsf lglDt klg ;flxTo /rs] f 5g\ . To;}n] pgL afn;flxTosf/ klg xg' \ . ‘c;n
ldq’ syfdf Pp6f ;fyLnfO{ ;xL af6fd] f Nofpg csf]{ ;fyLn] w]/} ;xofu] u/s] f] 5 . ;fyL egs] f] ;xL / untsf]
klxrfg u/fpg], ufxf| ] cK7/] fd] f ;fy lbg] JolQm xf ] . c;n ldq s:tf] x'G5 eGg] a'ˆg tnsf] syf Wofg lbP/ k9 M
!= sk"/sf] / rGbgsf] w]/} /fdf| ] ldNtL 5 . bj' }n] k|jl] zsf ky| d >]0fLdf pQL0f{ u/ ] . lxhfc] fh
pgLx¿ SofDk;df cWoog u5g{ \ . sk/" lrlsT;fzf:q k9]/ 8fS6/ eO{ /fu] L–la/fdLsf] ;]jf
u5'{ eG5 . rGbg OlGhlgo/ eO{ bz] sf] gjlgdf{0fdf ;3fp k'¥ofp5F ' eG5 .
@= sk/" / rGbg vN] g,] vfg,] k9g\ ,] ;Tg] ;a} sfd ;dotflnsf agfP/ ;fx] Lcg;' f/ ug{] u5g{ \ .
pgLx¿sf] k9fO /fdf| ] xg' s' f] sf/0f klg oxL xf ] . oxL sf/0f pgLx¿ :j:y / tGb?' :t klg 5g \ .
#= sk"/ / rGbg bj' } k9fOdf Wofg lbg] u5g{ \ . 3/df cfdfafnfO{ / SofDk;df u'?x¿nfO{ pgLx¿
a/flnPnfg\ k9fO laufnf{g,\ b'Jo;{ gL xf]nfg\ eGg] sg' } lrGtf ug'{kbg{} . s]jn pgLx¿nfO{
lrlsT;fzf:q M /fu] sf] sf/0f kQf nufpg] / pkrf/ ug]{ tGb?' :t M z/L/df s'g} /fu] Joflw gePsf], lg/fu] L
lj1fg b'Jo;{ gL M nfu'kbfy{ ;j] g ug{] JolQm, s'ntdf km;]sf]
gjlgdf{0f M gofF lgdf{0f, gofF ljsf; jf pGglt
5l/tf] gk] fnL – efu kfFr 89
k9g\ cfjZos kg{] Joj:yf ldnfOlbg'k5 { .
olt ePkl5 ;a} s/' fdf 9'Ss xg' ;lsG5 .
s;;} “u cgfjZos ¹u8f ug{,] s;}sf] s'g}
s/' f tndfly kfg{]h:tf s'/f klg pgLx¿
slxNo} ubg}{ g\ . pgLx¿ ;fR“ r} cfbz{ ldq
5g\ . cg's/0fLo ljBfyL{ 5g \ . 5/l5ds] /
SofDk;df klg pgLx¿sf] o:t} k|z;+ f xg' ]
u5 { .
$= Ps ;do sk/" sdnlkQsf] /fu] n] lgs} la/fdL k¥of ] . p;nfO{ la;s] kfg{ rGbgn] lgs} ldlxgt]
u¥of ] . csfk{] N6 e¥ofªaf6 v;/] rGbgsf] uf8] f dlso{ f ] . To; an] f sk/" n] p;sf] uf8] f la;s] kfg{
To;/L g} Wofg lbof ] . ljgfsfddf bj' } SofDk; hfg 5f8b“\ g} g \ . ;fj{hlgs labf k/]sf lbg klg
pgLx¿sf] cltl/St sfoq{ md xg' ] u5{ . o:tf] ;dodf pgLx¿ slxn] ufp3“ /sf] hghLjgsf]
l:ylt a'ˆg hfg] u5g{ \ . slxn] af6f3] f6f], kfgLkFw/] f], ;f3F k' n' , ljBfno, c:ktfn, jghª\un,
snsf/vfgf cflbsf] cWoog ug{ lg:sG5g \ .
%= o:t} 8n' lkm/df hfbF f Ps lbg rGbgnfO{ cfÇgf] bz] sf] cj:yf / hgtfsf] l:yltbl] v PsfPs lbSs
nfu/] cfof ] . To;kl5 pm SofDk; uPg . sk/" nfO{ ;r" gf klg u/g] . PSn} 3fl] /P/ al;/Åof ] .
cfdfafn] ælsg SofDk; guPsf] < s] eof] <Æ eGbf æcln ;~rf] ePg, To;n} ] guPsfÆ] eGof ] .
^= Ps lbg an] sf sk/" cfof] / p;n] klg ;fW] of] –ælsg SofDk; gcfPsf] < s] eof] ltdLnfO{ <Æ
&= rGbg afn] g] . rk' rfk al;/Åof ] . sk/" n] eGof] –æafn] g rGbg afn] . lsg kL/ ul//xs] f] PSn} a;/]
o;/L <Æ
*= rGbg cf“vfaf6 cf“;'sf wf/f aUg yfn], jiffo{ fddf ¹/L k/];l/ . pm To;/L ?g yfns] f] bv] ]/
sk"/sf cfv“ faf6 klg To;/L g} cf“;' ¹g{ yfn ] . sk/" n] bM' vL xb'“ } eGof] . ænf} ltdL t cfkm" klg
?g yfNof} / dnfO{ klg ?jfof} . eg g, eg ¤ vf; s] eof] ltdLnfO{ <Æ
(= rGbgn] cfk"mnfO{ ;DxfNb} ?dfnn] cf;“ ' k5' Øf] / eGof–] æsk"/ ¤ ca d SofDk; hfGgF .
OlGhlgo/ alGbg F . cf“vf lrlDnG5 ' . sfg aGb u5{' . 9fs] f y'G5 ' . ˆofndf kbf{ xfN5' / sf]7fleq}
al;/xG5 ' .Æ
!)= sk/" n] eGof] – ærGbg ¤ lsg To;f] egs] f] ltdLn] < s] o:tf] ug'n{ fO{ sg' } a'l4dfgL eGg ldN5
/ <Æ
cg's/0fLo M gSsn ug{ ;'xfpFbf] ;f3F 'k'n M ;fgfltgf vfn] fgfnf tgs{ f nflu agfOPsf]
sdnlkQ M z/L/ kx]nF f] x'g] /f]u, hlG8; ;fgf] ;fF3'/f] k'n, km6s\ ]
hghLjg M hgtfsf] b}lgs ultljlw 8'nlkm/
jiff{ofd M 3'Dg] lkmg]{ sfd, lxF88n' 3'd3fd
M ¹/L kg{] ;do, jiff{tsf] a]nf
90 5l/tf] g]kfnL – efu kfFr
!!= rGbgn] eGof] – æcfk"mn] Ps yfs] b]Vg
vf]Hof], c¿n] c¿ yfs] g} bv] fOlbG5g\ .
cfkm" n] Ps yf]s ;'Gg vfH] of], c¿n] c¿
yf]s ;'gfOlbG5g\ . bV] g vf]h]sf] s/' f b]Vg
kfOGg / bV] g grfx]sf] s'/f x]l//xge' Gbf
cf“vf lrlDng g} a;] xfO] g / < cfk"mn] ;G' g
rfxs] f] s/' f ;G' g kfOGg eg] ;G' g grfxs] f]
s'/f ;'lg/xge' Gbf sfg y'Gg' g} a;] xf]Og
/ <Æ sk/" n] eGof] – æltdLn] OlGhlgo/ xG' 5 / bz] sf gjlgdf0{ fdf ;3fp k¥' ofp5“ ' egs] f xfO] gf}
/ < ls xfO] g < g9f6F L eg t .Æ
!@= rGbgn] eGof] – æToxL s/' f c;Dejh:tf] bl] vg yfNof] / t k9/] OlGhlgo/ aGg' Joy{ bV] g yfn F] .Æ
!#= sk"/n] eGof–] æTo;f] xf] eg] t ¹g\ w/] } ljrf/ k'¥ofpg kf] vf]Hg'k5{ xfdLn ] . sj] n cfv“ f aGb
u/]/, sfg y'g]/ t ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg s;/L x'G5 < nf} /fd|/L ljrf/ u/L eg t ¤ o;/L a:bf
cfdfaf lk/fl] ng yfNgx' G' 5 . SofDk;df u?' hgnfO{ glgsf] nfUg yfN5 . ltdf| ] enf] rfxg] ;an} fO{
kL/ k5{ xg} / <Æ
!$= rGbg afn] g] .
!%= sk/" n] km]l/ eGof] –ærGbg ¤ dn} ] a¹' ]F ltdf| ] dgsf] s'/f . b]z agfpg / hgtfsf] ;j] f ug{ Tolt
;lhnf] 5}g . kL/ ub}{df o:tf] ;d:of ;dfwfg x'b“ }g . ltdLh:t} c;n efjgf ePsf dflg; w]/}
ePkl5, o:tf dflg;n] w]/} ldlxgt] u/k] l5 dfq o:tf] sfo{ ;Dej x'g yfN5 . o;lglDt c;n
;fyL a9fpg cfjZos xG' 5 . ltdL t d h:tf] ;fyLnfO{ / cfÇgf cfdfaf, u'?hgx¿nfO{ klg
ud' fpg] sfd ug{ vf]Hb} 5f } . o;f] ug{ ltd|} efjgfsf] pN6f] ePg / < c;n dfG5] o;/L nqbF }
hfg] xf] eg] s;/L 365\ v/fa s'/f,] s;/L xG' 5 ;dfhsf] enf] <Æ
!^= sk/" n] km]l/ yKof–] æc;n dfG5] Tof] xf] hf] ;d:ofbl] v slxNo} xf/ vfFbg} / cfÇgf] nIo kf| Kt
ug{ ;bf k|oTgzLn /xG5, xf]Og / <
!&= To;}n] o;/L lk/f]lng 5f]8fF} / ca xfdL cfÇgf] ljifosf] /fdf| ] 1ftf agfF} ;fy} cfÇgf] efjgf
cg;' f/sf ldq a9fpg ko| Tg ug{ yfnf }F . Ps lbg cfÇgf] nIodf cjZo k'U5f} F .
!*= rGbgn] ;SsnL s/' f aˆ' of] / eGof–] ældq sk/" ¤ ltdLnfO{ wGojfb ¤ cabl] v d SofDk; hfG5 ' .
ltdLn] ega] dfl] hd k9g\ s' f ;fy} c;n ldq a9fpg] sfod{ f nfU5 ' . cf“ vf aGb ulbg{ ,F ¹g\ /fd/| L
xg] {] u5 '{ . sfg aGb ulbg{ ,F ¹g\ /fd/| L ;G' g] u5 {' . sf7] fleq al:bg,F sdI{ fq] df plqG5 ' .Æ
ko| TgzLn M ko| f;df nfu]sf,] k|oTg ul//xg] 1ftf M hfGg,] aˆ' g]
5l/tf] g]kfnL – efu kfFr 91
cEof;
zAb 1fg
!= tnsf zAbx¿ z'4;uF pRrf/0f u/ M
;dotflnsf, cgfjZos, k|jl] zsf, ;d:of, al' 4dfgL
@= jfSodf k|ofu] u/ M
b]z, 1ftf, v/fa, nIo, /fd|/L, g,} /f]uL
#= tnsf zAbsf] cy{ n]v M
k|oTgzLn, ;fF3,' lrlsT;fzf:q, b'Jo{;gL, tGb?' :t
$= tnsf zAbsf] p:t} cy{ lbg] zAb n]v M
la/fdL, ky| d, la;s] , c;n, ;lhnf,] ldlxg]t, kL/
%= z'4 kf//] n]v M
6kfO, hglhag, ;|g] L, xfld, jLBofnP, hGtf
^= dflysf] syfaf6 ‘a’ / ‘j’sf] ko| f]u ePsf kfrF kfrF zAb vfh] /] n]v .
k7g af]w
!= tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] PsPs jfSodf pQ/ b]pm M
s_ ‘c;n ldq’ syf s;n] nv] s] f xg' \ <
v_ sk"/ / rGbg sxfF cWoog u5g{ \ <
u_ pgLx¿n] s]s] aGg] nIo /fv]sf 5g\ <
3_ pgLx¿sf] af/d] f lsg s;}n] lrGtf lngk' b{g} <
ª_ rGbgsf] uf8] f s;/L dls{of] <
r_ s] sf/0f rGbgnfO{ lbSs nfu/] cfof] <
5_ c;n dfG5] s:tf] xG' 5 <
h_ ;fj{hlgs labfsf] lbg rGbg / sk"/ ss] ] u5g{ \ <
¹_ cfdfafn] lsg SofDk; guPsf] eGbf rGbgn] s] eg/] hjfkm lbof] <
`_ rGbg lsg SofDk; hfg 5f8] \of] <
92 5l/tf] g]kfnL – efu kfrF
@= tnsf jfSo 7Ls eP 7Ls / a]7Ls eP a]7Ls n]v M =================
s_ sk/" sf] / rGbgsf] ldNtL 5}g .
v_ rGbg OlGhlgo/ eO{ bz] sf] gjlgdf0{ fdf ;3fp k'¥ofpF5' eG5 . =================
=================
u_ ‘c;n ldq’ syf u/' mk|;fb dg} fnLn] nv] ]sf x'g \ .
=================
3_ Ps ;do sk/" sdnlkQsf] /f]un] lgs} la/fdL k¥of] .
ª_ sk/" la/fdL ePsf] an] f rGbgn] sx] L ;xof]u u/]g . =================
r_ c;n dfG5] Tof] xf,] hf] ;d:ofb]lv slxNo} xf/ vfbF }g . =================
#= tnsf egfO ss;sf xg' \ < syfsf] cfwf/df nv] M
s_ b]z agfpg / hgtfsf] ;j] f ug{ Tolt ;lhnf] 5g} .
v_ ca d SofDk; hfGgF OlGhlgo/ klg alGbg F .
u_ lsg SofDk; guPsf] < s] eof] <
3_ ltdLn] ega] dfl] hd k9g\ 'sf ;fy} c;n ldq a9fpg] sfo{df nfU5' .
ª_ s]jn cfvF f aGb u//] sfg yg' /] t ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg s;/L xG' 5 <
$= tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ bp] m M
s_ sk/" / rGbg s:tf ljBfyL{ xg' \ <
v_ sk/" n] lsg rGbgsf af/]df lrGtf ug{ yfNof] <
u_ k9\g hfg gdfgs] f] rGbgnfO{ sk"/n] s;/L ;D¹fof] <
3_ syfsf] cGTodf rGbgn] s:tf] lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 <
%= JofVof u/ M
c;n dfG5] Tof] xf] hf] ;d:ofb]lv slxNo} xf/ vfFbg} / cfÇgf] nIo kf| Kt ug{ ;bf k|oTgzLn
/xG5 .
^= nfdf] pQ/ n]v M
s:tf] ldqnfO{ c;n ldq elgG5 < syfsf] cfwf/df cfÇgf] ljrf/ n]v .
l;h{gf
!= lbOPsf] hfgsf/Lsf] cfwf/df Pp6f syf n]v M
w/] } jif{ klxns] f] s'/f ––– Pp6f ufpdF f sfn' gfd u/s] f] s6] f] ––– e]8f afvf| lnP/ r/fpg
hfg' –––v]tdf sfd ul//xs] f ufpnF n] fO{ af3 cfof] eg]/ af]nfpg' ––– sfns' f] e8] f afv|fnfO{
af3af6 hf]ufpg ufpFn]x¿ cfpg' ––– sfn'n] af3 ev{/} efus] f] s'/f ;'gfpg' ––– csf{] lbg
klg sfnn' ] To;/L g} ufpFnn] fO{ af]nfpg' ––– w]/} lbg;Dd sfd layf]n/] ¹'SofPsfn] ufpFnx] ¿
5l/tf] g]kfnL – efu kfrF 93
lbSs x'g' ––– Pslbg af3 ;fRF r} cfpg' ––– sfnn' ] /f]O/f]O{ ufpnF n] fO{ afn] fpg' ––– ufpFn]
sfnn' ] ¹S' ofPsf] 7fg/] ghfg' ––– af3n] afv|f vfg' ––– sfn' ?vdf r9/] afFRg' .
@= ltdL klg sg' } ljifodf syf nv] . cfk"mn] nv] s] f] syf sIffdf ;fyLx¿nfO{ b]vfpm M
Jofs/0f
!= s'g} s'/fsf] OR5f k|s6 u/s] f] s'/f a¹' fpg] ljm| ofsf] cj:yfnfO{ OR5fy{ elgG5 . tn OR5fy{
ljm| ofsf] k|ofu] ePsf jfSox¿ lbOPsf 5g,\ Wofg lbP/ k9 M
cfh xfdL ;x/ 3d' f} “ . d efOnfO{ lr7L n]v" “ .
t“ c;n dfG5] ag];\ . ltdL ;w}“ ljBfno uP .
tkfO{n+ ] uLt ufpg'xf];\ . pm 8fS6/ agf;] \ .
@= tnsf jfSox¿nfO{ OR5fy{ agfpm M
s_ d klg ltdL;u“ hfG5 ' .
v_ l;sf/Ln] d[u df¥of ] .
u_ ltdL laxfg rf“8} p7\5f } .
3_ t“ csfs{ f] s'/f ub}{g;\ .
ª_ d]/f] 5f/] f c;n dfG5] aG5 .
ljz]if 1fg
afn;flxTodf snd rnfpg] sx] L ;|i6fx¿
dfwj l3ld/ ] bj] sd' f/L yfkf zf/bf/d0f gk] fn hgsk;| fb xd' fufO+{
sljtf/fd >i] 7
/dz] ljsn ljZjDe/ r~rn Zofdbf; ji} 0fj k/z' kw| fg
ljho/fh cfrfo{ ljho rfln; ] Ifq] kt| fk clwsf/L
94 5l/tf] g]kfnL – efu kfFr
KFF7 hLjgL
!% /fi6«slj dfwj l3ld/]
efOalxgLx¿;Fu †
– ltdLnfO{ gk] fnsf sg' sg' sljsf] gfd yfxf 5 < – ltdLn] sljtfsf lstfax¿ k9s] f 5f} <
– ltdL :jbz] ufg slQsf] ;G' 5f} < – ltdLn] dfwj l3ld/s] f uLtx¿ ;g' s] f 5f} <
tnsf uLtx¿ ;g' s] f 5f}, logsf /rgfsf/ dfwj l3ld/] x'g\ eGg] yfxf 5 <
– g]kfnL xfdL /xf}Fnf sxfF g]kfn} g/x] ===== – km" nsf] yFu' f au/] uof] uªu\ fsf] kfgLdf ========
– ;f/ª\uL t /6] ] klg af]N5 dL7} Wjlg ===== – g]kfn cfdf sxLF 5f} 3fd sxLF 5f} 5fof x] =====
– nfUb5 dnfO{ /dfOnf] d/] } kfvf kv/] f] ====
dfG5n] ] lg/Gt/ ldlxgt] ugk'{ 5 { . ldlxg]t / kl/>daf6 g} dfG5n] ] cfÇgf] gfd cd/ agfpg ;S5 . lg/Gt/sf]
ko| f;sf sf/0f g} dfG5] cfÇgf] cnu klxrfg agfpg ;S5 . oxfF gk] fnL ;flxTosf] sljtf, uLt, uLlt gf6s tyf
lgaGw ljwfdf snd rnfpg] dfwj l3ld/]sf] k/]| 0ffbfoL hLjgL lbOPsf] 5 . Wofg lbP/ k9 M
ufp5F uLt g]kfnL, Hofl] tsf] kª\v prfnL
ho ho ho gk] fn ;'Gb/ zfGt ljzfn .
!= dflysf] ;G' b/ uLtsf /rgfsf/ dfwj l3ld/] xg' \ . cToGt lrQfsifs{
uLtx¿, nflnTok0" f{ sljtfx¿ tyf pRrsfl] 6sf sfJo tyf uLlt
gf6sx¿sf] /rgf u//] gk] fnL ;flxTosf] ljsf;df lg/Gt/ nflu k/s] f
slj l3ld/s] f] hGd lj=;=+ !(&^ c;fh] & ut] ndhª' lhNnfsf] k:' tg' eGg] 7fpdF f ePsf] xf ] .
logsf lktfsf] gfd uf/} Lzªs\ / l3ld/] / dftfsf] gfd bf| k} bLbj] L l3ld/] xf ] .
@= 89] jif{s} pd]/df dft:[ gx] af6 jl~rt xg' k'us] f l3ld/s] f] nfngkfng xh'/cfdf / lktfaf6
eof ] . rf/kfrF jif{s} pd/] df ?bL| r08L cWoog ug{ yfn]sf l3ld/s] f] kf| /lDes lzIff ndhª' s}
:yfgLo efiff kf7zfnfaf6 cf/De eof ] . dfWolds lzIff cfh{gsf nflu lj=;=+ !((# df
sf7df8fF} cfPsf l3ld/] /fgLkf]v/Ll:yt ;:+ s[t kf7zfnfdf egf{ eP . ltgwf/f ;:+ s[t
5fqfjf;df a;/] ljBfno txsf] cWoog u/s] f l3ld/] pRr lzIffsf nflu agf/; k'u] .
agf/;sf] lSjG; snh] af6 ;jb{ zg{ ljifodf zf:qL pQL0f{ u/] .
lrQfsif{s M dg, lrQ tfGg] vfnsf] nflnTok0" f{ M snfTds, ;G' b/
5l/tf] gk] fnL – efu kfFr 95
#= afNosfnbl] v g} nf]suLt ;'Gg ?rfpg] l3ld/] r'6s\ fsf]
tfndf hfgL ghfgL gfRg] uy {] . ;fg} pd]/df pgn] w]/}
sljtf ;[hgf u/] . tL sljtfdWo] slt x/fP slt rflxF
lrQ ga¹' ]/ Roft/] Çofn ] . lj=;+= !((@ df 1fgk'ik
zLifs{ sf] sljtf uf/] vfkqdf ks| fzg u/k] l5 pgsf]
;fj{hlgs sljtfofqf kf| /De eof] .
$= ;fx] | jif{sf] pd/] df slj l3ld/]sf] uf}/L kf]v/n] ;Fu
ljjfx eof] . ljjfxkl5 klg logL lg/Gt/ nv] g sfod{ f
nflu/x ] . lj=;=+ !(($ df logsf] klxnf] sljtf;ªu\ x|
‘gjd~h/L’ ks| flzt eof ] . cWoogsf] l;nl;nfdf
agf/;df /xs] f l3ld/] lj=;+= !((( ;fndf g]kfn kmlsP{ . g]kfn cfPkl5 logL efiffg'jfb
kl/ifb\df hflu/] eP . @))@ ;fnb]lv @))$ ;fn;Dd logL uf]/vfkqsf] ;x;Dkfbs eP .
o;} ;dodf dxfslj nIdLk;| fb bj] sf6] f, sljlz/fd] l0f nv] gfy kf8} o\ fn, ufk] fnk;| fb l/dfn,
l;l4r/0f >i] 7 nufotsf dxfg\ ;flxTosf/x¿;uF lxdlrd a9g\ yfNof] . bj] sf]6f /
nv] gfysf] k]|/0ff / ;:+ st[ sf dxfslj sflnbf; tyf ljZjslj /jLGb|gfy 7fs'/nfO{ cfbz{
dfGb} logL nv] g sfod{ f yk ljm| ofzLn eP .
%= lj=;=+ @))$ ;fndf slj l3ld/s] L kTgL uf}/Lsf] c;fdlos lgwg eof ] . of] zfs] nfO{ pgn]
l;h{gzLn zlQmdf kl/0ft u/] / uf/} L zf]ssfJosf] /rgf u/ ] . kTgL ljof]usf] sf?l0fs lrq
ptfl/Psf] of] sfJodf bM' v, lk8f, Joyf, j]bgf tyf 56k6LnfO{ cToGt snfTds kf/fn] k:| tt'
ul/Psf] 5 . g]kfnL ;flxTodf zf]snfO{ ljifo agfP/ nl] vPsf sfJox¿df o;nfO{ ;a}eGbf
pTsi[ 6 dflgG5 . ;fgf 5f/] Lx¿sf] lz/af6 cfdfsf] kd]| sf] 5xf/L vfl] ;Psf] tyf 3/ kl/jf/n]
klg cToGt s/ u/s] f sf/0f pgn] csf]{ ljjfx u/] .
^= @))^ ;fndf kh| ftflGqs cfGbfn] gnfO{ ;dyg{ u/s] f sf/0f slj l3ld/n] fO{ tTsfnLg
tfgfzfxL /f0ff ;/sf/n] lu/Çtf/ u/]sf] / kl5 tfl/vdf 5f8] s] f] lyof] . @)!! ;fndf lktfsf]
dT[ o' ePkl5 logdf kg' M zf]s ylkof ] . ;g' nfO{ klg w]/} vf/k] l5 dfq z'4 x'G5 . dfG5s] f]
hLjgdf klg cf/fx] cj/fx] cfp5F g \ . ltgnfO{ ;xL Joj:yfkg ug{ ;Sg] dfG5n] ] dfq ;g' fn} f]
Oltxf; /Rg ;S5 . dfwj l3ld/]n] klg cfOk/s] f ;d:ofsf kvf{nx¿nfO{ l5rf]Nb} nv] g
sfo{nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbP .
tfl/v M cbfntaf6 ¹ul8ofnfO{ xflh/ x'g lbOg] Joj:yfkg M Joj:yf ldnfpg] sfd
ldlt ;'gfn} f ] M ;g' sf] h:tf] /ª ePsf]
tfgfzfxL M Pp6f JolQmsf] OR5fdf rNg] zf;g Joj:yf lg/Gt/tf M g/f]lsOsg rln/xg] cj:yf
96 5l/tf] gk] fnL – efu kfrF
&= dfwj l3ld/s] f k|d'v sljtf;ª\u|xx¿df gjd~h/L, 3fdkfgL, gofF gk] fn, afnfnx/L, gjd~h/L
lsGg/lsGg/L, ;'gkªv\ L r/L, rt} –j}zfv cflb kb{5g\ . logsf uf}/L, /fh]Zj/L, kflkgL cfdf,lsGg/lsGg/L
/fi6«lgdft{ f, wtLd{ ftf, /fxn' ozf]w/f h:tf v08sfJox¿ k|sflzt 5g \ . l3ld/] uLlt gf6s
nv] gdf klg ljz]if ¿kn] ;kmn bl] vPsf 5g\ . zs'Gtnf, dfntL dªu\ n], ljifsGof, cZjTyfdf,afnfnx/L
lxdfnjfl/ lxdfnkfl/, bp] sL, OGbs| d' f/L, afnsd' f/L cflb uLlt gf6ssf ;hs{ l3ld/s] f] dfntL/fi6« lgdf{tf
dª\un] gk] fnL /ªu\ d~rdf ;ae} Gbf w]/} k6s d~rg ePsf] gf6s xf ] . logsf] ‘rf?rrf{’/fh]Zj/L
lgaGw;ªu\ x| xf] eg] ‘dglrGt] d/' nL’ syf;ªu\ |x . cZjTyfdf
rf?rrf{
*= ks| [ltsf ;Rrf ufos slj l3ld/] df6fs] f pkf;s xg' \ . wtL{sf] uLt nv] ]/ slxNo} gyfSg]dfntL dªu\ n]
l3ld/s] f w/] } uLtx¿ /]s8{ ePsf 5g\ . ljleGg 7fpFdf lzIfs, k|lzIfs, ;Dkfbs cflbsf]kflkgL cfdf
¿kdf klg sfo{ u/]sf l3ld/]n] gk] fn ef/t dq} L ;ª\3sf cWoIf, sfJo kl| ti7fgsf] cWoIf,
tTsfnLg g]kfn /fhsLo k|1f k|lti7fg -xfn g]kfn k|1f kl| ti7fg_ sf cfhLjg ;b:o,uf}/L
pksn' klt tyf sn' klt ;d]t eP/ kz| f;lgs sfox{ ¿ klg u/]sf 5g\ .
(= gk] fnL efiff ;flxTosf] ;j] fdf
lg/Gt/ ;dlkt{ /x]sfn] pgnfO{
lqe'jg k|1f k/' :sf/, ;Ltf/fd
k1| f k'/:sf/, cflbslj efge' Qm
k'/:sf/, ;f¹f k'/:sf/, k[YjL
k|1f k'/:sf/ tyf /fi6s« ljsf]
pkflw lbOPsf] 5 . pgnfO{ bz] sf
ljleGg :yfgdf /yofqf u//]
;Ddfg ul/Psf] 5 . pgnfO{
;/sf/n] cfhLjg ljåtj\ l[ Q
lbg] lg0f{o u/]/ lg/Gt/ eQf
k|bfg ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . pgL g]kfnL
;flxTosf] Oltxf;df hLljt 5Fb} olt w/] } ;Ddfg kfpg] Ps dfq ;|i6f ag]sf 5g \ .
/ªu\ d~r M gfrufg / gf6s k|bzg{ ul/g] 7fpF k|lti7fg M ;Ddfg ug{ nfos ;+:yf
d~rg M gf6snfO{ bzs{ ;fd' bv] fpg] sfd k|zf;lgs M kz| f;gsf]
pkf;s M eQm, cf/fwgf ug{] JolQm cflbslj M ;?' sf slj
k|lzIfs M tflnd lbg] JolQm /yofqf M /ydf /fvL 6f]n jf gu/ 3d' fpg] ofqf
;Dkfbs M n]v /rgfnfO{ k|sfzg ugk'{ j" { ;Dkfbg ug]{ cfhLjg M lhGbuLel/, afrF G' h]n
ljåtj\ [lQ M ljåfg\ JolQmnfO{ lbOg] cflys{ ;xof]u
JolQm /fi6«slj M b]zsf slj
;ª\3 M w/] } JolQm ldn/] vf]lnPsf] ;:+ yf
5l/tf] g]kfnL – efu kfFr 97
!)= /fi6s« lj dfwj l3ld/] gk] fnL ;flxTosf cToGt nfs] lk|o ;i| 6f xg' \ . logn] uLt, sljtf, uLlt
gf6s, sfJo nufotsf ljleGg ljwfdf ;kmntfsf ;fy snd rnfPsf 5g\ . logsf] snd
($ jif{sf] j[4 cj:yfdf klg p;} u/L ;ljm| o /x]sf] 5 . xfn pgL ‘CtD' e/f’ dxfsfJosf]
nv] g sfo{df nfu]sf 5g \ . pgL sd{ ug{ slxNo} 8/fPgg \ . hLjgaf6 slxNo} yfsg] g\ .
cfÇgf] ;Dk0" f{ hLjg ;flxTosf] ;j] fdf nufP/ b]z / g]kfnL efiffsf] ljsf;df ;dlkt{ slj
l3ld/n] fO{ OZ{ j/n] bL3{ hLjg lbpmg \ .
bL3{ M nfdf,] km}lnPsf]
cEof;
zAb 1fg
!= tnsf zAbx¿ z4' ;Fu pRrf/0f u/ M
lrQfsif{s, afNosfn, zf:qL, c;fdlos, ;j{bz{g, nfs] lko| , /fi6«lgdft{ f
@= z'4 kf//] ;f/ M
aGrLt, 5ft/fafz, plt/0f, zfj{hgLs, sfAP, k/tLi7fg
#= tnsf zAbsf] cy{ nv] M
dft[:gx] , snfTds, pkf;s, ljåtj\ [lQ, cfhLjg, ;dlkt{
$= tnsf zAb / cys{ f aLrdf hf8] f ldnfpm M
nflnTok0" f{ dgsf] kL/
kª\v gfrufg k|bz{g ug{] 7fpF
kf7zfnf ;G' b/
tfgfzfxL KjfvF
/ªu\ d~r ljBfno
zf]s cfk"mnfO{ dgnfuc] g;' f/ zf;g ug]{
%= jfSodf k|of]u u/ M
k]/| 0ff, lg/Gt/, 56k6L, ;Dk"0f,{ ljleGg, dxfg\, nf]suLt
98 5l/tf] gk] fnL – efu kfrF
^= tnsf zAbsf] pN6f] cy{ lbg] zAb n]v M
cf/De, ljsf;, k|sflzt, cf/fx] , ;kmntf, b'Mv, ljofu]
&= dflysf] hLjgLaf6 ;'?df bL3{ n]lvPsf zAbx¿sf] ;"rL agfpm .
k7g afw]
!= tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] PsPs jfSodf pQ/ bp] m M
s_ dfwj l3ld/s] f] hGd slxn] / sxfF ePsf] xf] <
v_ dfwj l3ld/s] f] nfngkfng s;af6 eof] <
u_ l3ld/]sf] klxnf] sljtf sg' xf] / pQm sljtf slxn] ks| flzt ePsf] lyof] <
3_ l3ld/]n] slt jif{df sfl] ;t ljjfx u/] <
ª_ l3ld/]n] sf]sf]af6 k|]/0ff lnP/ sljtf ;h[ gf u/s] f lyP <
r_ uf}/Lsf] lgwg slxn] eof] <
5_ uf}/L s:tf] sfJo xf] <
h_ gk] fnL /ªu\ d~rdf ;ae} Gbf w]/k} 6s d~rg ePsf] gf6s s'g xf] <
¹_ l3ld/]n] sg' s'g ljwfdf snd rnfPsf 5g\ <
@= tnsf jfSox¿ 7Ls eP 7Ls / a]7Ls eP a]7Ls nv] M
s_ dfwj l3ld/]sf] hGd lj=;+= !(&^ c;f]h & ut] ePsf] lyof] < ==================
v_ l3ld/n] ] aL; jifd{ f klxnf] ljjfx u/] . ==================
u_ pgn] agf/;sf] lSjG; sn]haf6 ;jb{ z{g ljifodf zf:qL pQL0f{ u/ ] . ===============
3_ l3ld/] afNosfndf v'a rsrs uy ]{ . ==================
ª_ @)!! ;fndf l3ld/s] f] lktfsf] lgwg eof ] . ==================
r_ l3ld/n] ] nv] gfy / b]jsf6] fnfO{ ;flxTo nv] gsf] cfbz{ dfgs] f 5g\ . ==================
@= dflysf] hLjgLsf] rf}yf] cg'R5b] k9L ;fl] wPsf k|Zgx¿sf] PsPs jfSodf pQ/ bp] m M
s_ l3ld/]sf] klxnf] sljtf;ªu\ x| sg' xf] <
v_ pgL slxn] g]kfn kmls{P <
u_ l3ld/]sf] sf]sf;] Fu lxdlrd a9\g yfNof] <
3_ ;+:st[ sf dxfslj sf] x'g\ <
ª_ l3ld/] slxn]bl] v slxn];Dd uf]/vfkqsf] ;x;Dkfbs eP <
5l/tf] gk] fnL – efu kfrF 99
#= tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ b]pm M
s_ l3ld/s] f] afNosfn s;/L laTof] <
v_ l3ld/s] f kd| 'v uLlt gf6s / v08sfJox¿ sg' sg' xg' \ <
u_ l3ld/]n] g]kfnL ;flxTodf nfua] fkt ss] :tf k'/:sf/ / ;Ddfg kfPsf 5g\ <
3_ /fi6s« lj l3ld/]sf] hLjgL k9/] s:tf] k|]/0ff kfOG5 <
$= JofVof u/ M
;g' nfO{ klg w/] } vf/k] l5 dfq z'4 x'G5 . dfG5s] f] hLjgdf klg cf/f]xcj/fx] cfpF5g \ .
%= nfdf] pQ/ bp] m M
dfwj l3ld/n] ] hLjgdf s]s:tf ;ª\3if{ u/]/ ;flxTodf cfk"mnfO{ lrgfpg ;kmn eP <
l;h{gf
!= tn lbOPsf] hfgsf/Lsf] cfwf/df Pp6f hLjgL nv] M
gfd M bofjL/l;x+ s+;sf/
hGd M !(^* j}zfv @@ ut] sf7df8fF}
lktf÷dftf M ejfgLjL/ l;x+ ÷ nIdLbj] Ll;+x
– dftf bofn' :jefjsL, lktfn] dflg;sf] ;j] f ug{' eg]sf tyf dftfn] ul/asf]
;j] f ug'{ egs] f] s'/f k]/| 0ffsf] ¿kdf lnPsf,
– ;fgd} f ¹f8fkvfnfsf] /fu] af6 cfdfsf] lgwg ePsf,] lktf !)() ;fndf lats] f
– ;?' df 3/d} k9s] f, kl5 b/af/ :s'ndf egf{ ePsf
– !(() ;fnsf] e'OFrfnfd] f k/]sfx¿sf] ;xofu] u/]sf
– lj=;=+ @)))df Ånf;faf6 cfPsL dlxnfsf] aRrfnfO{ /Qmbfg u//] /Qmbfgsf]
yfngL u/s] f
– c1fg / pkrf/sf] cefjdf cfdfsf] lgwg ePsf] x'Fbf k/f]ksf/ cf}ifwfno
:yfkgf u/]sf,
– @))* ;fndf k/f]ksf/ cf}ifwfnonfO{ k/fk] sf/ ;+:yfsf] ¿kdf ljsf; u/s] f
– cgfyfnosf] :yfkgf, k;| "lt u[xsf] :yfkgf nufotsf ;]jfd"ns sfo{x¿df
;ljm| o /x]sf
– g]kfnL ;dfh;]jLx¿df cu|:yfgdf /xs] f .
dT[ o' M @)%& df3 @# ut]
@= ltdLnfO{ dgkg]{ s'g} Ps ;flxTosf/sf] af/d] f Pp6f cg'R5]b n]v .
100 5l/tf] gk] fnL – efu kfrF
The words you are searching are inside this book. To get more targeted content, please make full-text search by clicking here.
Chharito Nepali 5 _ 2075 Final
Discover the best professional documents and content resources in AnyFlip Document Base.
Search