Jofs/0f
!= jQmfn] s'g} s/' fsf] ;Defjgf b]vfPsf] a¹' fpg] lj|mofsf] cj:yf ;Defjgfy{ ljm| of xf ] .
;Defjgfy{ ljm| ofdf pn“ f, cfn}“ f, nf;\, ln;,\ cf}nf, cf}nL, g'xf]nf, nf, nL, lng,\ nfg\ cflb
hf]l8G5g \ .
tnsf jfSox¿ k9 M
d dxfef/t k9'“nf . ltdL / d;u“ } hfcf}“nf .
t“ syf n]Vnf;\ . ltdL klg ;“u} hfcf}nL .
RofG6] /fd|/L gfRnf . pgLx¿ oxL“ a:nfg\ .
@= tnsf jfSox¿nfO{ ;Defjgfy{ jfSodf kl/jt{g u/ M
s_ /dz] cfÇgf] sfd cfkmF} u5{ .
v_ pgLx¿ /n] klg r9\5g \ .
u_ xfdL gk] fnL l;g]df x]g{ hfG5fF } .
3_ efOalxgLx¿ lqms6] v]N5g \ .
ª_ ;s' Gof k':ts k9l\ 5g \ .
r_ ltdL ljBfno hfg a; r9\5f } .
#= ‘vfg', a:g', xg] {,' ;G' g, afN] g' p7\g'’sf] ;Defjgfy{ ljm| of agfO{ jfSodf ko| fu] u/ .
ljz]if 1fg
ljljw Ifq] df of]ubfg lbg] JolQmx¿
;Todf]xg hfz] L, tf/fbj] L, gf/fo0f uf]kfn, k'ikf a:gt] , u0fz] yfkf, js} 0' 7 dfgGw/, /fh]z xdfn
5l/tf] g]kfnL – efu kfrF 101
KFF7 cfTdsyf
!^ u“8} f
efOalxgLx¿;uF †
– ltdLn] sg' sg' hgfj/x¿ bv] s] f 5f} < – xfQL, u8F} f h:tf hgfj/ bV] bf 8/ nfU5 <
– dflg;n] hgfj/x¿nfO{ lsg dfof ugk{' 5{ < – af3n] dfG5] vfPsf] ;G' bf ltdLnfO{ s:tf] nfU5 <
;;+ f/df w/] } y/Lsf hgfj/x¿ 5g \ . tL hgfj/x¿dWo] slt t cToGt yf/] } ;ªV\ ofdf 5g \ . yf/] } ;ªV\ ofdf /xs] f
hgfj/x¿ nfk] x'g] cj:yfdf ku' ]sf 5g\ . crn] o:tf hgfj/nfO{ ;ª\s6df k/]sf] dfg/] ;+/If0f ul/Fb} 5 .
k|f0fLx¿dWo] dflg; ;a}eGbf ljj]sL 5 . pm rt] gzLn ePsf] sf/0f cGo k|f0fL tyf jg:kltsf] ;+/If0fsf] ;dt]
pQ/bfloTj pmdfly 5 . cfh dfG5] ;Dk"0f{ k|f0fLx¿sf] dxŒj a¹' /] ;ª\s6df k/s] f hLjx¿sf] ;/+ Ifdf h'6s] f]
5 . dfG5s] f] k|of;sf sf/0f w/] } hgfjx¿sf] ;+/If0f ePsf] klg 5 . o:t} ;ª\s6u:| t hLjx¿dWo]sf] Ps hLj
u}F8fsf] af/d] f tnsf] cfTdsyfdf aofg ul/Psf 5 . Wofg lbP/ k9 clg uF}8fsf] af/d] f 1fg ;~ro u/ M
!= d u}F8f xF ' . d gfssf] 8f8F Ldf vfu xg' ] 7n" f] / e2f cfsf/sf] zfsfxf/L hª\unL hgfj/
sf] ¿kdf lrlgG5' . rf/sf;] ] ¹f8L / jghªu\ nx¿df kf/v ug{ rfxg] d ljZjsf b'ne{
jGohGt'x¿dWo] Ps x F' . ljZj jGohGt' ;+/If0f sfi] fn] klg dnfO{ b'ne{ tyf ;ªs\ 6fkGg
jGohGt'sf] ¿kdf cfÇgf] nfnkl' :tsfdf pNn]v u/s] f] 5 . g]kfn ;/sf/n] d]/f] t:jL/ Ps ;o
?lkofFsf] gf]6df cª\lst u/s] f] 5 . d/] f] efn] / kf]yL u/L b'O{ k|sf/ xG' 5 . d]/f] efn] aRrfnfO{
s6] f / kf]yL aRrfnfO{ s6] L elgG5 .
vfu M uF8} fsf] gfssf] x8\8L jf ax'd"No j:t' rf/sf;] ] ¹f8L M 3gf hª\un, dfG5] l5g{ g;Sg] afSnf]
e2f M 5f“6 sf“6 gk/]sf], lhp8fn gk/s] f] hªu\ n
zfsfxf/L M df5fdf;' gePsf] efh] g ug{] jf To:tf] ef]
kf/v M u0' fbfi] f, c;nv/fa, cflb ljzi] ftf
hg dg k/fpg] klxNofpg] sfd
b'ne{ M ;lhnf] 9ª\un] kfpg sl7g
;ª\s6fkGg M ;ªs\ 6df k/]sf]
102 5l/tf] g]kfnL – efu kfrF
@= d]/f] z/L/ df]6f]3f6f] x'G5 . d/] f sfg / cfFvf ;fgf eP klg dflg;x¿n] ;'Gb/ dfg/] lgofN5g \ .
ljleGg v08v08df ljefhg ePsf] h:tf] b]lvg] d/] f] z/L/ sl;nf] x'G5 . d]/f] 5fnf cToGt
;fxf| ] / afSnf] xG' 5 . cGo hgfj/x¿ h:t} d klg rf/v'66\ ] xG' 5 ' . d]/f] Pp6f 5f]6f]5f6] f]
vfnsf] k'R5/ x'G5 . d/] f v§' fx¿ yfd h:tf df]6f xG' 5g \ . d/] f v§' fdf x'g] v'/ s8f xG' 5g \ .
d/] f] lha|f] w]/} v;f| ] / afSnf] x'G5 . d ?vsf xfFufx¿df /xs] f v;|f kftx¿ klg ;lhn} rkfpg
;S5 ' . rf/sf];] ¹f8L d/] f] ;'Gb/ jf;:yfg xf] . dnfO{ 3f;F kft vfg, hªu\ ndf pk|mLpk|mL /
dfpg, sb' g\ cf}wL dg k5 { . ks| l[ t g} d]/f] 3/ xf ] . ks| [ltsf] ;'/Do 5fofdf a's;'{ L dfb}{ hª\
unsf af]6 a6' o\ fg kmf8F b\ } sb' b\ f dnfO{ cfgGb nfU5 .
#= ;+;f/df d/] f kfFr kh| flt /xs] f 5g \ . tLdWo] d]/f] ltg kh| flt Pl;ofdf / cGo bO' { clk|msfdf
kfOG5 . oL ljleGg kh| fltdWo] Ps l;ªu\ ] uF}8fsf] ¿kdf d g]kfnsf ljleGg :yfgx¿df
cfÇgf] klxrfg vf]Hb} lxF8\b} 8N' b} afFlr/xs] f] 5 ' . d]/f] gfssf] 88F fNgLdf 8/nfUbf] ltvf] l;ªsf
¿kdf vfu pldP| sf] xG' 5 . d/] f] gfs dfly pldg| ] vfu /fsF} f] ¹K' kf] xf] hg' l;ªh:t} s8f
ags] f] xG' 5 t/ of] ufO{j:t'sf] l;ª h:tf] vKk/af6 pld|g] cªu\ xf]Og . d/] f] gfsdf ;;' lHht
xg' ] vfunfO{ dflg;x¿n] ax'dN" o j:t'sf] ¿kdf lng] u/s] f 5g \ . dflg;sf gª / /fhF} :t}
5fnfaf6 pdg| ] cjoj eP klg vfu x88\ L h:t} ;fxf| ] x'G5 . Pl;ofdf kfOg] d h:tf u8F} fx¿sf]
vfusf] cf;} t tfn} cf7 ;o uf| db]lv Ps lsnfu] |fd;Dd x'G5 . To;}n] dh:tf Pl;ofnL uF}8fsf]
vfusf] dN" o clk|msL u}F8fsf] vfusf] dN" oeGbf kfFrb]lv bz u0' ff a9L k5{ .
$= d ks| l[ tsf] Pp6f ;G' b/ l;hg{ f x F' . d/] f] :j¿k xg] { dflg;x¿ nfnflot xG' 5g \ . dnfO{ ;/+ lIft hgfj/
sf] ¿kdf /flvPsfn] crn] d lrl8of3/ tyf lgs~' hx¿df el] 6G5 ' . dnfO{ xg] { dflg;x¿sf]
3O' rF f] nfU5 . d ko6{ sx¿sf] cfsif0{ fsf] sG] b| ags] f] xG' 5 ' . dflg;x¿ dnfO{ w/] } dfof u5g{ \ .
xfdf| ] ;ªV\ of 36b\ } uPsf] xg' fn] dflg;x¿ cToGt lrlGtt 5g \ . xfdf| ] ;ªV\ ofjl[ 4sf nflu ljleGg
bz] df ljleGg ofh] gfx¿ ags] f 5g \ . To;sf] sfofG{ jogsf nflu ljleGg sfgg' klg lgdf0{ f ul/Psf
5g \ . d/] f] jf;:yfgnfO{ ;/' lIft ug{ cf/If0f Ifq] x¿ tyf lgs~' hx¿ lgdf0{ f ePsf 5g \ . dnfO{
gk] fnsf] ks| l[ t w/] } dg k5 { . d oxfsF f ljleGg :yfgdf kfOG5 ' .
v'/ M kz'sf] v'§fsf] 6S] g] 7fp“sf] s8f efu nfnflot M nf]eL,nf]lePsf]
jf;:yfg M jf; ,cf>o a:g] ynf] lrl8of3/ M lrl8ofvfgf
as' '{;L M pkmb|“ } s'bg\ ] sfd ko6{ s M 3d' lkm/ ug{] dflg;
a'6\ofg M ;fgf af]6la?jf 3'OFrf ] M le8
kh| flt M kf| 0fLsf] dV' o hfltleqsf] ;fgf] hflt sfof{Gjog M ofh] gf jf sfo{sd|
8F8fNgL M gfssf] dflyNnf] efu cf/If0f M ;+/If0f, hf]ufpg] sfd
;';lHht M ;lh;hfp ePsf], l;u“ fl/Psf] lgs'~h M hLjhGt' tyf jg:kltsf] ;/+ If0fsf nflu
axd' "No M w]/} dfn] kg]{, dxu“ f]
cjoj M cª\ukT| oÍ 56' o\ fOPsf] 7fpF
5l/tf] g]kfnL – efu kfrF 103
%= dnfO{ dflg;n] ;+/If0f ug{ w/] }
ko| f; u/]sf 5g\ . dflg;sf]
;fy / ;xofu] gePsf] eP d
;;+ f/af6} nfk] eO;Sy]F .
dflg;x¿ dnfO{ w]/} k]d| u5{g \ .
olt xb'F fx'Fb} klg d dflg;s}
sf/0f ;ª\s6df k/s] f] x F' .
hfg/] jf ghfg]/ dflg;n] d/] f]
jf;:yfg ljgfz u/]sf] 5 .
dflg;x¿sf] a;fOF;/fOsf qmddf hª\un km8F fgL a9]sf] sf/0f d]/f] jf; p7s] f] 5 . dflg;n]
hyfefjL ?v sf6\gfn,] ef}lts ;+/rgf lgdf0{ fsf qmddf hldgsf] k|fsl[ ts :j¿k laufgfn{ ]
pTkGg k|fsl[ ts ks| fk] sf sf/0f d]/f w]/} aGwa' fGwasf] Hofg uPsf] 5 . Psflt/ kf| s[lts
ljklQsf] l;sf/ ePsf] 5' eg] csfl{ t/ sx] L v/fa cfr/0f ePsf dflg;x¿sf] ablgotsf
sf/0f xfdf| ] xTof xg' ] u/s] f] 5 . To;}n] klg d ;ªs\ 6fkGg hLjdf ;r" Ls[t xg' k' /]sf] xf] .
^= cfh klg d]/f cªu\ k|Toª\ux¿df sx] L bfgjh:tf dflg;x¿n] cfvF f nufO/xs] f 5g \ . d]/f
cª\ux¿dWo] ;ae} Gbf dxŒjk"0f{ cª\usf] ¿kdf pgLx¿n] d/] f] gfsdflysf] ;G' b/ vfunfO{
lng] u/s] f 5g \ . kj" L{o k/Dk/fut pkrf/ k0| ffnLdf bd, Hj/f,] kmf]S;f] / kfrgk|0ffnL;uF
;Da4 /fu] sf] cfi} fwLsf] ¿kdf vfusf] ko| fu] ul/G5 / ] . ;De|fGt kFh' Lklt jus{ f dflg;x¿n]
eg] d]/f] vfunfO{ ;fl} vg j:t'sf] ¿kdf lng] u/]sf xG' 5g\ eGg] klg ;'gs] f] 5' . To:t} c/a
/fi6«sf sx] L dflg;x¿ xft] 5/' L, v~h/, r'kL cflbsf] la8F agfpg klg d/] f] vfusf] ko| f]u
u5g{ \ /] . To:t} o;nfO{ z'ej:ts' f] ¿kdf cf7F} Ldf h8]/ klxl/g]x¿ klg x'G5g\ / ] . o:tf] ;G' bf
dnfO{ ;fx}| b'Mv nfU5 . d]/f] z/L/sf x/]s cªu\ dflg;n] lsga]r u5g{ \ eGg] syf ;'gfpgk' bf{
d]/f] d6' ' ;fx}| g/fd|/L s'Fl8G5 . dfG5] g} b]jtf eP/ d/] f] ;/+ If0f u5{ clg dfG5] g} bfgj eP/
d/] f] l;sf/ u5{ . cToGt lgdd{ tfsf ;fy d]/f] jw u5{ clg d]/f cª\ux¿sf] laqmL u/]/ ;DklQ
hf]5 { .
&= d]/f] vfudf dfq} dflg;n] cfFvf nufpg] u/]sf] xfO] g dflg;n] d]/f z/L/af6 lg:sg] dndq' df
;d]t cfvF f nufpg] u/]sf] 5 . d]/f] v'§fdf x'g] v/' klg dflg;sf nflu ax'dN" o /x5] . 5fnf,
k|fs[lts k|sf]k M k|sl[ tsf] dxfdf/L,ljklQ v~h/ M bj' }lt/ wf/ xg' ] Ps ks| f/sf] xltof/
aGw'afGwa M cfkmGt , j+zh ze' j:t' M sNof0f jf enf] xg' ] rLh
ablgot M v/fa lgot ePsf] bfgj M /fIf;, b'i6 JolQm
;De|fGt M sn' Lg, vfgbfgL lgd{dtf M lgb{otf, lgi7/' tf
kFh' Lklt M w]/} k“'hL ePsf] dnd'q M lb;flk;fa
;f}lvg M ;'v;'la:tf dg k/fpg,] dfh] d:tL ?rfpg]
104 5l/tf] gk] fnL – efu kfFr
df;,' /ut, xf8 tyf d/] f z/L/sf PsPs cªu\ x¿ dflg;n] pkofu] L dfGg] u/s] f 5g \ . To;n} ]
ns' Ll5kL ddfly ufn] L kx| f/ ug,{] hfn ÇofFSg], vfN8f] vg/] dnfO{ nv6] L nv]6L To;df kfg]{
h:tf sfo{ u//] rf]/ l;sf/Lx¿n] d/] f] Hofg lng] u/]sf 5g \ . cGt/fl{ i6o« ahf/df d]/f] vfusf]
dN" o aL; nfv ?lkofeF Gbf a9L kg]{ u/s] f] 5 /] . To;}n] klg ks| l[ tsf] ;'Gb/ pkxf/ xfdLh:tf
u}F8fx¿ sltv/] dl/g] xf] eGg] qf;df afrF ]sf 5f}F .
* x'gt sfg'gn] ;d]t xfdLh:tf ;+/lIft jGohGt'sf] l;sf/ ug{] sfon{ fO{ ck/fw dfgs] f] 5 .
ljleGg b]zx¿n] s8fOsf ;fy sfg'gsf] kfngfdf hf]8 lbPsf 5g\ . xfd|f] ;+/If0fsf nflu
/fHon] w]/} ah6] 56' \ofpg] u/s] f] 5 eGg] klg ;g' s] f 5f F} . xfd|f] af/d] f ljleGg cg;' Gwfgsf
sfo{x¿ ePsf 5g \ . olt x'bF fx'Fb} klg s]xL ;Lldt JolQmx¿sf] :jfys{ f sf/0f xfdLn] km'sLkms' L
kfOnf rfNg'kg]{, lgeL{s eP/ 8'Ng gkfpg] / sltv]/ dl/g] xf] eGg] qf;df afRF g'kg]{ ePsf] 5 .
cfh ljZjd} xfd|f] ;ªV\ of 36\b} uPsf] 5 . gk] fndf t xfdL sl/a rf/ kfrF ;osf] ;ªV\ ofdf
dfq 5f}F . k|fs[lts k|sf]k tyf dflg;sf] :jfyL{ :jefjsf] sf/0f ;ª\s6df k/]sf xfdL o:t}
/Lt /x] Pslbg Oltxf;df dfq /xg] 5f }F . xfd|f] cl:tTj g} ;dfKt x'g;S5 . of] s/' fdf dflg;n]
g} ;r]t xg' 'k5{ . dflg;nfO{ k|s[ltn] ljjs] L agfPsf] 5 . p;nfO{ cfÇgf] dfq xf]Og† xfdLh:tf
lgd'vf k|f0fLx¿sf] ;+/If0f / ;+j4{gsf] lhDdf klg k|sl[ tn] g} lbPsf] 5 . of] s/' f a'¹/] xfd|f]
afFRg kfpg] clwsf/ ;/' lIft /fVg ;Dk0" f{ dfgj ;db' fo;Fu d/] f] ljz]if cg/' fw] 5 .
(= d ;'/lIft /x]F eg] dfG5]nfO{ g} ;xofu] kU' 5 . pgLx¿s} OHht a9\5 . pgLx¿sf] cfly{s
ljsf;sf nflu klg d ljzi] f ;xof]uL x'g ;S5 ' . ks| [ltsf] ;f}Gbo{ clejl[ 4df klg d/] f]
dxŒjk"0f{ e"ldsf /xg] 5 . h;/L dflg;nfO{ cfÇgf] 3/sf] ljgfz x'bF f bM' v nfU5 To;/L g}
cfÇgf] ;'Gb/ cf>o:yn ks| [ltsf] /fhwfgL jghª\un gfl;bF f d]/f] klg dg ?G5 . x] dflg;
xf] ¤ d/] f] klg ltdLx¿sf] h:t} afRF g] clwsf/ 5 . dnfO{ :jtGq ¿kdf afRF g b]cf] . ltdLx¿n]
d]/f] ;+/If0f gu/] s;n] u5{ . ltdLx¿ g} d/] f] ljgfzdf nfUof} eg] ef]ln ltdf| ;Gtltx¿n] d]/f]
:j¿k bV] g kfpg] 5g} g \ . of] s'/fdf x]Ssf /fv ls ;;+ f/af6 8fOgf;f]/ nf]k eP h:t} st} d
klg ltdLx¿s} dGbal' 4 / nfe] sf sf/0f ljgfz gxfp] m F .
qf; M 8/, eo clejl[ 4 M lj:tf/, ljsf;
km'sLkm'sL kfOnf rfNg' M 8/fO8/fO{ lxF8\g' cf>o:yn M cf>o lng] 7fpF
/Lt M sfd ubfs{ f] 9ª\u 8fOgf;f/] M nfk] eO;ss] f] Ps ks| f/sf] 7n" f] hLj
;+j4g{ M /fd|/L a9fpg] sfd, ;j+ l[ 4 dGbal' 4 M sd a'l4, cNka'l4
lgd'vf M d'v gePsf,] af]Ng g;Sg]
;db' fo M vf; Ifq] ju{ cflbdf cfa4 dflg;sf] ;d"x
5l/tf] gk] fnL – efu kfFr 105
cEof;
zAb 1fg
!= tnsf zAbx¿ z'4;uF pRrf/0f u/ M
s_ cfsifs{ , af]6a6' \ofg, cf/If0f, sfof{Gjog, ;ªV\ of
@= tnsf zAbx¿sf] cy{ nv] M
8fOgf;f]/, e2f, zfsfxf/L, ax'dN" o, k|hflt, aGw'afGwj
#= jfSodf k|of]u u/ M
sfg'g, 8/nfUbf], bM' v, u8F} f, lgdv' f, ;j+ 4{g, cf>o:yn, vfu, rf/] Ll;sf/L
$= tnsf zAbx¿sf] kof{ojfrL zAb n]v M
bfgj, d'6', qf;, klxrfg, ;Gtlt, ux[
%= dflysf] kf7af6 rGb|ljGb' nfu]sf s'g} kfFr cf]6f zAb vfh] ]/ nv] M
^= tnsf zAbsf] 7Ls cy;{ Fu hf]8f ldnfpm M
3O' rF f] bz] ljb]z 3D' g] dflg;
cjoj 7n] d7]n
as' ;{' L z/L/ jf s'g} j:t'sf] cª\u
vfu nfl] ePsf]
nfnflot plkm| Fb} sb' \g] sfd
ko{6s u}8F fsf] gfssf] x88\ L
k7g af]w
!= tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] PsPs jfSodf pQ/ b]pm M
s_ uF8} f s:tf] hgfj/ xf] <
v_ gk] fn ;/sf/n] u8}F fsf] t:jL/ slt ?lkofFsf] gf]6df cªl\ st u/]sf] 5 <
u_ ;;+ f/df kfOg] u}8F fx¿ s] slt k|hfltsf xG' 5g\ <
3_ vfu s:tf] xG' 5 <
ª_ dflg;x¿ lsg lrlGtt 5g\ <
106 5l/tf] gk] fnL – efu kfrF
r_ u}F8fsf] jf; s;/L p7]sf] 5 <
5_ s;n] u}8F fsf] jf;:yfg ljgfz u/]sf 5g\ <
h_ uF8} fsf] dg sltan] f ?G5 <
¹_ u8F} fsf] vfusf] cf;} t tfn} sltb]lv slt;Dd xG' 5 <
`_ u8F} fsf] z/L/ s:tf] xG' 5 <
@= tnsf jfSox¿ 7Ls eP 7Ls / a]7Ls eP a7] Ls n]v M ===================
s_ u}F8f gk] fndf kfObF g} . ===================
v_ vfu cToGt ;:tf] d"Nodf kfOG5 . ===================
u_ u}F8f k|s[ltsf] ;G' b/ hgfj/ xf] . ===================
3_ u}F8fsf] lha|f] v;|f] / afSnf] xG' 5 . ===================
ª_ u}F8fsf v'§fx¿ ;;fgf xG' 5g \ . ===================
r_ u}F8fsf] ;+/If0f ug'{ xfdL ;as} f] st{Jo xf] .
#= tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] pQ/ nv] M
s_ u8F} fsf] zf/Ll/s agfj6 s:tf] x'G5 <
v_ u}F8fsf] vfusf] s:tf] dxŒj 5 <
u_ u8}F f ;+/If0fsf lglDt s:tf ko| f;x¿ ePsf 5g\ <
3_ uF8} fsf] dxŒj lsg a9\b} uPsf] 5 <
$= JofVof u/ M
dfG5] g} b]jtf eP/ d/] f] ;+/If0f u5{ clg dfG5] g} bfgj eP/ d]/f] l;sf/ u5 { .
%= nfdf] pQ/ b]pm M
s_ u}F8f s]s:tf sf/0fn] ;ª\s6df k/s] f] 5 <
v_ u}F8fsf] ;+/If0f ug{' lsg cfjZos 5 <
l;h{gf
!= cfTdsyf eg]sf] cfÇgf] syf xf ] . sg' } JolQmn] cfÇgf] af/]df eg]sf] syf cfTdsyf xf] .
dflg;n] cfTdsyf n]Vg ;S5 t/ sg' } j:t' jf hgfj/x¿n] t ;Sb}gg \ . af]Ng g;Sg] o:tf
kf| 0fL tyf j:tx' ¿sf] af/]df klg cfTdsyf nV] g ;lsG5 . o;/L cfTdsyf nV] bf nV] g] dfG5]n]
cfkm" nfO{ g} h] sf] cfTdsyf n]lvG5 ToxL agfP/ n]Vgk' 5 { .
5l/tf] g]kfnL – efu kfrF 107
@= tnsf] ljifodf cfTdsyf nv] M
s_ efge' Qm cfrfo{
v_ snd
Jofs/0f
jQmfn] cfbz] u/]sf] jf s'g} sfd cxf| Psf] a'¹fpg] lj|mofsf] cj:yfnfO{ cf1fy{ elgG5 .
cf1fy{ klxnf] k?' ifdf xb'“ }g . h;n] ;G' 5 p;nfO{ dfq cf1f ug{ ;lsg] ePsfn] cf1fy{ >f]tf
jf bf];|f] k?' ifdf x'G5 .
t“ cfÇgf] sfd cfkm}“ u/\ . ltdL lbbLsf] 3/ hfpm .
ltdLx¿ st} klg ghfcf ] . tkfO{+ klg cfpgx' f]; \ .
@= hfg,' a:g', xg] ,'{ vfg', k9\g', nV] g' lj|mofsf cf1fy{ ¿ksf] ko| f]u u//] jfSo agfpm M
#= tnsf jfSox¿nfO{ cf1fy{ jfSodf kl/jtg{ u/ M
s_ ltdL ldlxgt] u//] k95\ f } .
v_ tF b"w / eft vfG5;\ .
u_ ltdLx¿ uLt ufp5F f} .
3_ tkfO+{ efOnfO{ k9fpgx' G' 5 .
ª_ ltdL af6fd] f x/] ]/ lx8“ 5\ f } .
ljz]if 1fg
g]kfnL slt ?lkofs“ f] gf]6df sg' hgfj/ <
Ps ?lkofsF f] gf6] df – xl/0f bO' { ?lkofsF f] gf6] df – lrtj' f
kfrF ?lkofsF f] gf6] df – rf/F} L ufO { bz ?lkofsF f] gf6] df – si[ 0f;f/
aL; ?lkofsF f] gf6] df – gLnufO { krf; ?lkofsF f] gf6] df – e8] f
Ps ;o ?lkofsF f] gf6] df – u8F} f bO' { ;o krf; ?lkofsF f] gf6] df – h;L{ ufO{
kfrF ;o ?lkofsF f] gf6] df – af3 Ps xhf/ ?lkofsF f] gf6] df – xfQL
108 5l/tf] gk] fnL – efu kfrF
KFF7 jfbljjfb
!& ;xl/of hLjgeGbf
ufp“n] hLjg a;]
efOalxgLx¿;Fu †
– jfbljjfb egs] f] s] xf] < – ltdLn] jfbljjfb kl| tofl] utfdf efu lnPsf 5f} <
– jfbljjfbaf6 s] s:tf] 1fg kfOG5 < – jfbljjfbdf efu lnbF f ss] :tf s/' fdf Wofg lbgk' 5{ <
kf| rLg ;dodf ljBfyLs{ f] k/LIff cfh h;/L lnOFb}gYof ] . ljBfyLx{ ¿nfO{ s'g} ljifosf] kIf / ljkIfdf cfcfÇgf]
ljrf/ /fVg nufpg] tyf s'g} ljifo lbP/ To;df afN] g nufpg] ul/GYof] . To;/L k/LIff lnFbf ljBfyL{n] cfk"mn]
l;s]sf s/' fx¿nfO{ cleJoQm ug{] ;fdYos{ f] ljsf; xG' Yof] . jfbljjfb eg]sf] sg' } ljifosf] kIfdf ljkIfLn]
eGbf km/s dt /fVg] / cfÇgf] ljrf/nfO{ kl' i6 ug{ ul/g] ko| f; xf] . o;af6 JolQmdf af]Ng] Ifdtfsf] ljsf;
xG' 5 . cfk"mn] k9]sf, ;'gs] f / a'¹s] f s/' fx¿sf] cfwf/df sg' } klg ljifodf ts{ ug{ ;S5g \ . o:t} tss{ f] v]n
jfbljjfbsf] tof/L sIffdf ;fyLx¿n] /fv]sf tnsf ljrf/x¿ dg nufP/ k9 clg cfkm" klg To;/L g} afN] g]
cEof; u/ M
ljBfnodf of] zq' maf/ lgoldt sfoq{ mdcGtu{t jfbljjfb kl| tof]lutf cfofh] gf x'bF } 5 . pQm
k|ltofl] utfsf] tof/Lsf nflu sIffdf lzIfsn] ljBfyLx{ ¿nfO{ ljifosf] kIf / ljkIfdf cfÇgf wf/0ff
tof/ kfg{ nufpbF } 5g \ . kIf / ljkIfdf afN] gsf nflu bO' { bO' { hgf ljBfyL{ 5flgPsf 5g\ . 5flgPsf
ljBfyL{x¿ sIffsf] cl3Nnf] nx/df cP/ a;]sf 5g \ .
cfh xfdL ;xl/of hLjg / ufpFn] hLjgdf s'g a]; xG' 5
eGg] ljifodf 5nkmn u5f+{} . ltdLx¿dWo] ;xl/of hLjg 7Ls
eGg] nfUgn] ] ;x/sf] kIfdf / ufpFn] hLjg 7Ls eGg]n] ufpnF ]
hLjgsf] kIfdf cfcfÇgf] wf/0ff /fVg ;S5f} . n, cToGt
dofl{ bt eP/ cfÇgf s'/fx¿ /fv .
le8ef8/lxt M le8ef8 jf 3O' Frf] gePsf,] zfGt cJojl:yt M Joj:yf gePsf]† hyfefjL
kl/jz] M ;/] fk] m/] f,] jftfj/0f lgw{g M wg gePsf,] ul/a
5l/tf] gk] fnL – efu kfFr 109
ufpF dfgj ;Eotfsf] ;f| t] xf ] . dflg;sf] pTklQ;uF } ;x/sf] pTklQ ePsf] xfO] g . dfG5n] ] ;dfhsf] dxŒj
a¹' k] l5 g} p;n] ufpsF f] lgdf0{ f u/s] f] xf ] . ufpF le8ef8/lxt zfGt kl/jz] xf ] . ufpF ks| l[ tsf] ;G' b/ gdg' f
xf ] . ufpdF f cJojl:yt a;fj] f; xbF' g} . dflg;x¿ cfk;df ldn/] a;s] f xG' 5g \ . Pscsfs{ f] ;v' bM' vdf
;fy lbG5g \ . dbfk{ bf{ dflg; g} dflg;sf] ;xfos xG' 5 eGg] s/' f ufpdF f g} bV] g kfOG5 . ;x/ t k;} fsf]
k5fl8 bfl} 8G5 . ;x/df :jf:Yo ;l' jwf kfOG5 eg/] s] ug,{] ToxfF k;} f xg' n] ] ;l' jwf kfp5F eg] lgwg{ n]
csfndf Hofg ud' fpgk' 5 { . ;x/df h;n] km' tL{ ug{ ;S5 dfG5x] ¿ p;s} kl5 nfU5g\ t/ ufpsF f dflg;x¿
t8se8s hfGbg} g \ . pgLx¿ ;j] f / ;xofu] sf] efjgfaf6 kl]| /t xG' 5g \ . s;s} f] ufxf| ] cK7o\ f/fd] f ;fy
lbG5g \ . kml] / ufpdF f ;x/df h:tf] kb| i" f0f xbF' g} . ufpdF f :jR5 xfjfdf ;f; kmg] { kfOG5† cfkmnF} ] pAhfPsf]
:j:y t/sf/L / kmnkm" n vfg kfOG5 . ufpF ;:+ sl[ tsf] ;/+ Ifs xf] t/ ;x/ cfofltt ;:+ sl[ tsf] kl5 nfus] f]
xG' 5 . dfof, kd]| , ;xofu] tyf ;be\ fjsf] sG] b| ePsfn] ufpnF ] hLjg g} a;] xG' 5 .
6f;L 8f]Ndf nfdf cÇhn vfg
cfhsf] dfG5] ;l' jwfsf] ef]sf] 5 . dfgjLo hLjgdf ;/ntf / ;xhtf klg TolQs} cfjZos 5 .
dfG5] ;wF} hLjgdf kl/jtg{ rfxG5 . oxL rfxgfn] g} p;nfO{ hª\unaf6 a:tLlt/ k¥' ofof], p;n] ufpF
agfof] To;n] p;sf cfjZostfx¿ k/" f ug{ g;ss] } sf/0f ;x/sf] ljsf; u¥of ] . ;x/ ;Eotfsf]
ljsl;t ¿k xf] . ;x/df tL tdfd ;'ljwfx¿ 5g\ h;n] dfG5]sf] hLjg ;/n t'Nofp5F g\ . cfhsf]
dfG5n] fO{ lzIff, :jf:Yo, /fh] uf/L cfwf/et" cfjZostf ags] f] 5 . o:tf]df dfG5]n] ufpdF f a;/]
cfÇgf cfjZostfx¿ k"/f ug{ ;Sbg} . xf]nf, ufpF /fdf| ] xf]nf t/ cfhsf] ou' cfbzd{ f xfO] g oyfy{df
c8s] f] 5 / oyfy{ s] xf] eg] cfh ufpnF ] sbflk dflg;sf] cfjZostf k/" f ug{ ;Sbg} . cfh dfG5s] f]
rfxgf cToGt km/flsnf] ePsf] 5 / o;nfO{ k/" f ug{ ufpF ljsl;t eP/ ;x/ aGg} k5 { . ;x/df cfly{s
;f| ]tsf] ;Defjgf cTolws /xg] x'gfn] dfG5] ;x/lt/ cfslift{ ePsf] 5 . ;x/df oftfoftsf] ;n' e
Joj:yf xG' 5 . kfOnl} kR5] c:ktfn tyf :jf:Yo sG] bx| ¿ xG' 5g \ . ahf/sf] nflu ;x/df 6f9f hfgk' bg{} .
ufpdF f s8f zf/Ll/s >d u//] klg cfÇgf] u'hf/f rnfpg g;ss] fx¿ ;x/ l55{g\ / ;x/df ;fdfGo
Joj;fo u/]/ klg cfÇgf] cfjZostf k/" f ug{ ;S5g \ . ;x/ cfhsf] dfG5s] f] ;kgf xf ] . ;x/sf]
hLjg;Fu ufpnF ] hLjg slxNo} bflF hg ;Sbg} .
t8se8s M cgfjZos jf g;'xfpFbf] k"mtLk{ mftL{ ;xhtf M ;xh jf ;/n xg' ] u0' f
k|l] /t M k]|/0ff lbPsf,] ;ljm| o kfl/Psf] tdfd M ePhlt ;a}, ;Dk"0f{
k|bi" f0f M b"lift, kmf]xf]/ cfwf/e"t cfjZostf M geOgxg' ] cfjZostf
:j:y M lg/f]uL, b"lift gePsf] cTolws M clt a9L, Hofb}
cfofltt M cGo b]zaf6 NofOPsf] ;'ne M ;lhn} kfOg]
;+/Ifs M s'g} JolQm, j:t' cflbsf] x]/rfx ug]{ JolQm u'hf/f M k]6 kfNgsf nflu ul/g] sfd
;b\efj M c;n jf /fd|f] efjgf :jf:Yo sG] b | M ;fdfGo :jf:Yo k/LIf0fsf nflu vn' s] f] :jf:Yorfs} L
110 5l/tf] gk] fnL – efu kfFr
ufpF :jR5tfsf] k|tLs xf ] . ufpdF f cfkmn}F ] ufj} fdf b'xs] f] bw" s'F8d] f pdfn]/ lkpbF fsf] cfgGb ;x/df
Knfl:6ssf] kfs] fdf lsgs] f] bw" df sxfF kfOG5 / ¤ af/Laf6 l6k/] NofPsf] t/sf/Ldf cfpg] :jfb ;x/df
lsg]sf] ljleGg ljiffbL xfn]/ e08f/0f ul/Psf] t/sf/Ldf sxfF kfOG5 / ¤ ;x/sf] Ifl0fs t8se8s
/ l¹lnldnL bv] ]/ of] ufpFeGbf ;G' b/ nfUg ;S5 t/ jf:tljstf Tof] xfO] g . oyfy{ t s] xf] eg] ;x/
g} ;xL cyd{ f hLjg ljgfzsf] sG] b| xf] . ;x/df dflg;x¿ ld;fj6o'St vfgf vfg afWo 5g \ . ;x/df
a:g]x¿ :jR5 xfjfdf ;f; km]g{ jl~rt 5g\ . ;x/df g wf/fdf kfgL cfp5F g lahn' L g} . af6fd] f lx8F g\
klg dfG5]sf] le8sf sf/0f cToGt dl' :sn xG' 5 . ;jf/L ;fwgsf] rfk To:t} . c;/' Iff, rf]/L 8st} Lsf]
qf; dfq xfO] g aflx/ lgl:sP/ y'Sg ;dt] s;n} ] ufnL u5{ ls eg/] ;f]Rgk' g{] ;x/nfO{ s;/L /fdf| ] dfGg
;lsG5 / ¤ sxfF ufpFsf] vn' f jftfj/0f sxfF ;x/sf] ps;' d's'; aGbL hLjg, sxfF ufpsF f] cfTdLotf
sxfF ;x/sf] la/fgfk] g slxn] kf] tn' gf of]Uo xg' ;S5 / < ufpdF f Pp6f dflg; la/fdL eof] eg] ;f/f
ufpnF ]nfO{ bM' v nfU5 t/ ;x/df jNnf] 3/df dfG5] dl//xs] f] x'G5 eg] kNnf] 3/df pT;j x'G5 . hxfF
dfG5]sf] ;j+ ]bgfsf] s'g} sb/ xF'b}g To:tf] ;x/ s;/L pQd x'G5 / < cxF, dnfO{ t ufpF g} 7Ls nfU5
/ ufpFn] hLjg g} a]; nfU5 .
lbln;f d/x§f l/lbsf dfgGw/
ufpdF f lbgel/ vt] df sfd u¥of], kl;gf aufof] jif{ lbg nufP/ pAhfPsf] cGgn] lhgltg kl/jf/
kfNof ] . ;wF} wn' f], ¹/L jiff,{ lxnf] ;Åof] . uf]a/ ;fx] f]¥of], ef/L afS] of] t/ klg cfjZostf k/" f ug{,
rf8af8 dfGg, dL7f] dl;gf] vfg C0fsf] ef/L af]Sof] . o:tf] hLjg s;/L a]; xg' ;S5 / < oyfy{df
ufpnF ] hLjg ;G' b/ xg' ] eP cfh ufpF 5f8] /] oj' fx¿sf] hdft ;x/ k:g] lyPg . vf8Ldn' s' df ;:tfd] f
>d a]Rg hfgx] ¿ ;x/sf oj' fx¿ xfO] gg \ . tL b]zsf ljleGg ufpaF f6 jfSs eP/ ;'vsf] vfh] Ldf
:jR5tf M ;kmf xFb' fsf] l:yt cfTdLotf M cfTdfbl] v g} ?rfOPsf] l:ylt
kt| Ls M Pp6f s/' fnfO{ a¹' fpg k|ofu] ul/g] csf]{ pT;j M vl' ;ofnL, z'esfo,{ pNnf;
la/fgfk] g M cfÇgf]kg gePsf] l:ylt
j:t' pQd M ;aeGbf c;n, /fdf| ]
ufj} f M b"w bfP] / yfKg] efF8f ] ;+j]bgf M dgdf kg]{ k|efj
sF8' ] M b"w ttfpg] s/fO{ lhgltg M h;f]t;f] u/]/
ljiffbL M ljif ePsf,] lavfn' uf]a/ M ufO, e};F L cflbsf] dn
e08f/0f M ;'/lIft kf//] yGSofpg] sfd hdft M dflg;x¿sf] ;dx" , le8
ld;fj6o'St M ld;fj6 ePsf,] z4' gePsf] vf8Ld'ns' M ltglt/ hldgn] 3l] /Psf], Pslt/ dfq
jl~rt M 7luPsf], wf]sf kfPsf]
ps';d's;' M ;f; km]g{ ufxf| ] xF'bfsf] l:ylt kfgLn] 3/] s] f] b]z
aGbL hLjg M yl' gPsf] hLjg, h]ndf k/]sf] h:tf] hLjg
5l/tf] g]kfnL – efu kfFr 111
ef}Ftfl/Psfx¿ xg' \ . vf;df dfG5s] f] hLjgdf ;x/n] w]/} dxŒj /fV5 . ufpsF f dfG5x] ¿ ;w}F km';]| /
w;' ]| x'G5g \ . ;x/sf dfG5x] ¿ ;l' snf xG' 5g\ . lzlIft x'G5g\ . Jojxf/jfbL x'G5g \ . ufpFsf dfG5x] ¿
¿l9jfbL xG' 5g\ . cGwljZjf;n] ufpsF f dfG5x] ¿nfO{ ufFh]sf] xG' 5 . ¿l9u|:t ;f]rfOs} sf/0f dfG5x] ¿
csfn d[Toj' /0f ug{ ku' ]sf x'G5g \ . ;x/df ljZj:t/Lo ;j] f ;'ljwf kf| Kt ug{ ;lsG5 . ljZj ;db' fo;Fu
kl| t:kwf{ ug{] hgzlQmsf] pTkfbg ufpdF f ;Dej 5g} . To;n} ] ufpnF ] hLjgeGbf ;xl/of hLjg g} a;] xG' 5 .
:ofaf; ¤ ltdLx¿n] cToGt ;G' b/ 9ªu\ af6 cfÇgf s/' fx¿
/fVof } . ljifoj:tn' fO{ o;/L g} cfÇgf uxlsnf tsx{ ¿åf/f
k:| tt' u¥of} eg] lgZro g} ltdLx¿ kl| tofl] utfdf pTsi[ 6
7xl/g] 5f } . kl| tofl] utfsf] lbgdf ltdLx¿n] ;Dafw] g
klg ugk{' g5{] . ;Dafw] g u/k] l5 cfÇgf] kIfdf ts{ /fVg]
/ ljkIfLsf] tss{ f] v08g ug{] ugk{' 5{ x } . cÇhn ltdL
sfoq{ mddf s;/L ;Dafw] g u5f,{} dnfO{ ;g' fpm t .
o; ;Ddflgt ;efsf ;efklt dxfb] o, lgikIf lg0ffo{ s cÇhn vfg
d08n, u'?ju{ tyf pkl:yt ;Dk"0f{ ;fyLx¿, cfhsf]
o; jfbljjfb k|ltof]lutfdf d ljifosf] ljkIf cyft{ \
ufpnF ] hLjgeGbf ;xl/of hLjg a]; eGg] ljifodf
cfÇgf tsx{ ¿ k:| tt' ug{ oxfF pkl:yt ePsf] 5 ' .
clt /fdf| ] ¤ o;/L g} gx8a8fOsg cfÇgf egfOx¿ /fVof}
eg] ltdLx¿sf] k:| t'lt w]/} /fdf| ] xg' ] 5 . cfhnfO{ olQ ef]ln
xfdL kml] / yk cEof; u/f}nF f x} .
sIff ;lsPsf] 306L nfU5 . lzIfs sIffaf6 aflxl/G5g \ .
Jojxf/jfbL M l;4fGteGbf Jojxf/nfO{ dfGg] dfG5] ¿l9u:| t M k'/fgf ljrf/n] u|:t
km';]| M lrNnf] gePsf] ¿l9jfbL M k/' fgf, c;To s/' fdf klg ljZjf; ug]{
w'; ]| M w'nw} n' f] ePsf ] hgzlQm M ljsf;sf nflu cfjZos dflg;sf] zlQm
csfn dT[ oj' /0f M s'an] fdf jf sfn gcfO{ xg' ] dg]{ sfd
ljZj:t/Lo M ljZjsf cGo bz] ;Fu t'ngf ug{ ofU] o
112 5l/tf] gk] fnL – efu kfrF
cEof;
zAb 1fg
!= tnsf zAbx¿ z'4;Fu pRrf/0f u/ M
cToGt, ;b\efj, cK7\of/f], ;:+ sl[ t, cfslif{t, :jf:Yo, cfjZostf, Ifl0fs, afWo
@= jfSodf k|of]u u/ M
t/, bz] , ;x/, efjgf, uh' f/f rnfpg', 6f9f, ;fdfGo
#= z4' kf/L kg' nv] g u/ M
ufpmdf op6f dfgL; aL/fdL eof] eg] zf/f ufpmnn] fO b'v nfU5 t/ zx/df cfN] nf] 3/df
dfgL; d/L/x]sf] xG' 5 eg] kNnf] 3/df pT;a x'G5 .
$= tnsf zAbsf] cy{ n]v M
;be\ fj, ;j+ b] gf, ufj} f, pT;j, e08f/0f, lgw{g
%= dflysf] jfbljjfbaf6 ‘a’ / ‘j’ sf] k|ofu] ePsf kfrF kfrF zAbx¿ vfh] /] nv] .
^= tnsf zAb / cy{sf aLrdf hf8] f ldnfpm M
t8se8s h;f] t;f] u//]
cJojl:yt k'/fgf] ljrf/n] u:| t ePsf]
cfTdLotf sg' } JolQm, j:t' cflbsf] x/] rfx ug]{ JolQm
;/+ Ifs l;4fGteGbf Jojxf/nfO{ a9L dxŒj lbg]
lhgltg Joj:yf gePsf]
¿l9jfbL g;'xfpFbf] jf cgfjZos k'mtL{
Jojxf/jfbL cfTdfb]lv g} ?rfOPsf] cj:yf, ldqtf
k7g afw]
!= tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] PsPs jfSodf pQ/ b]pm M
s_ ufpFsf dflg;x¿ s;/L a;s] f xG' 5g\ <
v_ ufpFn] hLjg lsg a;] xG' 5 <
u_ ufpFsf dflg;x¿ s:tf] efjgfaf6 k|]l/t xG' 5g\ <
5l/tf] g]kfnL – efu kfrF 113
3_ cfhsf] dfG5] lsg ;x/lt/ cfslif{t ePsf] 5 <
ª_ ;x/sf dflg;x¿ s:tf] vfgf vfg afWo 5g\ <
r_ ufpF s]sf] k|tLs xf] <
5_ ;x/sf dfG5x] ¿ s:tf x'G5g\ <
h_ ;x/df a:g lsg dl' :sn 5 <
¹_ cfhsf] dfG5] ss] f] ef]sf] 5 <
@= 7Ls a7] Ls 56' o\ fpm M
s_ ;x/df kfgLsf] wf/fdf lbglbg} kfgL cfpF5 <
v_ cGwljZjf;n] ufpsF f dfG5]x¿nfO{ ufFhs] f] 5 <
u_ cfhsf] dfG5] ;'ljwfsf] efs] f] 5g} .
3_ ;x/df lgw{gn] csfndf Hofg u'dfpgk' 5{ .
ª_ vf8L d'ns' df ;:tfd] f >d aR] g ;x/sf o'jfx¿ uPsf xfO] gg\ .
r_ ufpdF f Pp6f dflg; la/fdL eof] eg] s;}nfO{ yfxf xb'F }g .
l;hg{ f
! jfbljjfb eg]sf] sg' } ljifosf] kIf / ljkIfdf cf–cfÇgf] wf/0ff /fVg], cfÇgf] s'/f k'li6 ug{
ljkIfLsf] tss{ f] v08g ug{] / cfÇgf] s'/fnfO{ l;4 ug{ ts{ lbP/ v]lng] vn] xf] . o;df
cfkm" n] hg' ljifosf] af/]df af]Ng] xf] To;sf] af/d] f hfgsf/L u/fOG5 clg ljkIfLn] /fvs] f
wf/0ffx¿sf] v08g ug{'k5{ . ljkIfLsf] v08g ubf{ cToGt dofl{ bt eP/ cgz' fl;t kf/fn]
cleJJolQm lbgk' 5{ .
@= jfbljjfb kl| tofl] utfdf cf/Dedf ;Dafw] g ugk{' 5 { . To;kl5 cfkm" nfO{ lbOPsf] ljifosf] af/d] f cfÇgf]
wf/0ff /fVgk' 5{ . cfÇgf] ljrf/;Fu} ljkIfLsf] wf/0ffsf] v08g klg ub{} hfgk' 5 { . cleJolQm
lbFbf ;donfO{ Vofn ug'{k5{ . cGTodf ljifonfO{ lgisif{sf] ¿kdf k:| t't ug{k' 5 { .
#= ‘wgeGbf ljBf 7"nf]’ eGg] ljifosf] kIfaf6 cfÇgf wf/0ffx¿ k:| tt' u/ .
Jofs/0f
j0f{ljGof;
!= Wofg lbP/ k9 M
► efn] gfd jf k'lnÍ a'¹fpg] zAbsf] cGTosf] Osf/ tyf psf/ x|:j nl] vG5 .
bfO, efO, klt, HjfO,“ legfh,' bfh'
114 5l/tf] g]kfnL – efu kfFr
► gk;'+ s lnÍ -Hofg gePsf j:t'_ a¹' fpg] zAbsf] cGTosf] psf/ x|:j nl] vG5 .
df;', cf;“ ', l3p, 8f8,' t/fh', cfn'
► cJoo a'¹fpg] -cGTodf c/L÷/L cfpg] afxs] _ zAb cGTodf x:| j nl] vG5 .
d'lg, dfly, cufl8, k5fl8, cl3, kl6\6, b]lv
► ;jg{ fdaf6 ag]sf zAbsf] cGTosf] lt x:| j n]lvG5 .
slt, olt, plt, hlt
► kf]yL gfd jf :qLlnÍ a¹' fpg] zAbsf] cGTosf] Os{ f/ tyf pmsf/ bL3{ nl] vG5 .
lbbL, alxgL, kf]yL, sfsL, 5f/] L, ufO,{ e;}“ L, efph," dfOh" cflb
► gk;'+ s lnÍ -Hofg gePsf j:t'_ a¹' fpg] zAbsf] cGTosf] Os{ f/ bL3{ nl] vG5 .
8fnL, yfnL, ef/L, s';L,{ km;L{, sf;} L, 6fk] L, d;L cflb
► ljzi] f0f zAbsf] cGTosf] O{sf/ bL3{ n]lvG5 .
cN5L, /fd|L, sfnL, af7L, xf]rL, kftnL cflb
► k;] f a'¹fpg] zAbsf] cGTosf] O{sf/ bL3{ nl] vG5 .
l;kfxL, 8sdL,{ xnL, kh' f/L, gf]s/L, Jofkf/L, v]tL
► hft jf y/ a'¹fpg] zAbsf] cGTosf] Os{ f/ pmsf/ bL3{ nl] vG5 .
lnDa," sfdL, IfqL, Hofk," k/fhn' L, sfsL{, ;'a]bL, yf¿
@= tnsf zAbx¿nfO{ z4' agfP/ ;f/
s_ xLdfn, aLxfg, CifL, axLgL, lblb, sfls, cfdfh'
v_ l;kflx, dfgL;, cflTdo, sfls, :jlu{o, zl//, gljg
u_ d'No, ;Dk0' f,{ cf;“ ", ;f;', ;k't, ;dx' , e'ld
3_ bfh," efph', afa", l3pm, ss' "/, v"s/' L
#= z'4 agfP/ ;f/ M
xfld ;fly;u“ ldn/] a:5f “} . plgx¿ kgL xfldnfO dfof u5g{ \ . bfO,{ efO,{ lblb / axLgLx¿;u“ }
:sn" hfG5g \ . ljBfnofdf ;Dk0' f{ ljifo /fdl| / k9\5g \ .
ljz]if 1fg
g]kfnsf k|l;4 tLy:{ ynx¿
kzk' ltgfy, a/fx Ifq] , dl' Qmgfy, xn;] L dxfbj] , a9" f;A' af, uf;] fOs+{ 0' 8, knf~rfs] eujtL, bfn] vf
eLd;g] , nl' DagL, a9" fgLns07, kf6g si[ 0fdlGb/, kfyLe/f, dgsfdgf, uf/] vsfnL, ljGbjfl;gL,
gj' fsf6] e/} jL, rfuF g' f/fo0f, sfol{ jgfos, ;o" l{ jgfos, hnljgfos, czfs] ljgfos, cflbgfy,
wgZ] j/, ;GtfgZ] j/, dftftLy,{ ufs] 0f{
5l/tf] g]kfnL – efu kfrF 115
KFF7 uLt
!* l;Sb} hfgk' 5{
– >j0f ds' f?ª
efOalxgLx¿;Fu †
– k"mn k'mns] f] b]v]/ ltd|f] dgdf s:tf] efjgf cfp5F < – ltdLn] df/} Lsf] ;dx" b]vs] f 5f} <
– dfG5]eGbf afxs] c¿ sa] f6 1fg lng ;lsG5 < – dfG5]nfO{ 1fgsf] lsg cfjZostf k5{ <
dfly dfly ;n} 'ª\ud] f rf/}F L 8n' fpg]nfO{
xTs]nfdf dfofsf] u/' f;F k'mnfpgn] fO{ ====== . of] uLt ;'g]sf 5f} < o;sf /rgfsf/ xg' ,\
>j0f d'sf?ª .
>j0f ds' f?ª -@)@%_ slj uLtsf/ tyf gf6ssf/ x'g \ . logsf b]z vfH] b} hf“bf, hLjgsf]
no / la;] gurLs{ f] aofg -sljtf;ª\ux| _ lxps“ f] b/af/ -uLt;ªu\ x| _, onDa/ -gf6s_
h:tf sl[ tx¿ k|sflzt 5g \ . x]lkPsf, pkl] Ift / c5t' elgPsf kfqnfO{ kd| 'v ljifo agfP/ sljtf n]Vg] ds' f?ª
jt{dfg ;dosf cToGt rlrt{ slj xg' \ . logL sljtfdfkmt{ dfgjLo wd,{ :jbz] kl| tsf] kd]| tyf stJ{ osf] hfgsf/L u/fP/
JolQm hxfF /x] klg bz] kl| tsf] dfof slxNo} gdg{] oyfy{ sljtfdf ks| 6 u5g{ \ . ‘l;Sb} hfgk' 5’{ zLifs{ uLtdf dfG5n] ] l;Sg]
s/' f slxNo} 5f8] g\ gxg' ] s/' f JoQm ul/Psf] 5 . dflg;n] ljleGg s/' faf6 1fg cfhg{ ug{ ;S5 . dflg;n] dflg;,
hLjhGtx' ¿, km" n, sf8F f ha] f6 klg 1fg lng ;S5 . dfG5s] f] cfo' 5f6] f] 5 . Ps lbg d//] hfgk' g{] ePsfn] dfG5n] ]
z/L/df zlQm xbF' } sd{ ugk{' 5 { . h;n] l;Sg 5f8] b\ g} p;n} ] ;;+ f/ lhTg ;S5 eGg] s/' f uLtsf] ljifo ags] f] 5 . o;
uLtdf uLtsf/n] dfG5s] f] hLjgnfO{ ;G' b/ t'Nofpg dfG5n] ] slxNo} l;Sg] afgL 5f8] \g gx'g] s/' f atfPsf 5g\ .
yk s'/f tnsf] uLt k9]/ a'¹ M
hLjg xf] l;Sg] s/' f l;Sb} hfgk' 5{
kfOnfkfOnf v:5 cfo' l6Kb} hfgk' 5 { ..@..
dflg;n] dflg;s} l;Sgk' 5{ afgL
dflg;d} x'G5 ;f/f ;h[ gfsf] vfgL ..$..
cfo' M hGdb]lv d[To;' Ddsf] ;do vfgL M wft,' sfO] nf, tn] cflb /xs] f] kY[ jLsf] leqL
efu
;h[ gf M l;hg{ f, s'g} df}lns sl[ t, j:t' cflb agfpg]
sfd
116 5l/tf] g]kfnL – efu kfrF
k"mneGbf ;'Gb/ x'g l;sfpF5 dflg;
sfF8feGbf s7f]/ x'g l;sfpF5 dflg; ..^..
l;Sgn] ] g} ;ª\3if{nfO{ dfof ug{ l;S5
l;Sbfl;Sb} Ps lbg ;+;f/nfO{ lhT5 ..*..
dfx/' L¹}F sfd ugn]{ ] afFRg l;sfp5F g\
kl;gf / cfF;' k5' L xf:F g l;sfpF5g\ ..!)..
l;sf}F xfdL ltgl} ;t ltgn} fO{ e6] L dfx'/L M df/} L
;kgfsf nxnx ¹n' fpg vt] L ..!@.. nxnx M af6] la?jf cflb a9b\ f ¹fª\luFbfsf] lsl;d
s7f/] M sl7g, ufx|f]
;ª\3if{ M le8g\ ] sfd, s7f/] >d
cEof;
zAb 1fg
!= tnsf zAbx¿ z4' ;uF pRrf/0f u/ M
l;Sbfl;Sb,} ¹'nfpg, ;+;f/, v]tL, e6] L
@= tnsf zAbx¿nfO{ jfSodf k|ofu] u/ M
;f/f, ;kgf, dflg;, cfF;,' xf:F g, ;G' b/
#= tnsf zAbsf] cy{ n]v M
s7f]/, cfo', ;ª3\ if{, nxnx, ;[hgf, vfgL
$= tnsf zAbx¿sf] ljk/LtfyL{ zAb n]v M
cf;F ,' dfof, ;kgf, ;G' b/, hLjg, dfgj
%= dflysf] uLtaf6 rGbl| jGb'sf] k|of]u ePsf zAbx¿ vf]h/] nv] .
5l/tf] gk] fnL – efu kfrF 117
^= z'4 kf/L nv] M
lhag, kfO{nf, z+3if,{ sf8f, ;G' 8/
&= tnsf zAb / cy{sf aLrdf hf]8f ldnfpm M
dfgj km" n
ki' k dfof
:g]x ;kgf
cfbt ;fyL
:jKg dflg;
ldq afgL
*= xft–kft, ;fyL, dfly h:t} cgk' f| ;oS' t zAbx¿ dflysf] uLtaf6 vfh] / cfÇgf] sfkLdf nv] .
k7g af]w
!= tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] PsPs jfSodf pQ/ bp] m M
s_ dflg;n] lsg cfo' l6Kb} hfgk' 5{ <
v_ dflg;n] ss] ] xg' l;sfpF5 <
u_ s;n] afFRg l;sfp5F <
3_ dflg;df ss] f] vfgL x'G5 <
ª_ dflg;n] s;sf] afgL l;Sg'k5{ <
@= tnsf jfSox¿ 7Ls eP -á_ / a]7Ls eP -â_ lrÅg b]pm M
s_ dflysf] uLtsf /rgfsf/ >j0f d'sf?ª x'g \ .
v_ dflg;n] s]xL klg l;sfpbF }g .
u_ dflg;n] s;}sf] agL l;Sg'x'Fb}g .
3_ df/} L¹}F sfd ug]n{ ] afRF g l;sfp5F .
ª_ dflg;n] ;w}F s7f/] ;ª\3if{ ugk{' 5 { .
#= JofVof u/ M
l;Sg]n] g} ;ª\3if{nfO{ dfof ug{ l;S5
l;Sbfl;Sb} Ps lbg ;+;f/nfO{ lhT5 .
118 5l/tf] gk] fnL – efu kfrF
$= tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] pQ/ bp] m M
s_ dflg;n] s] s:tf s/' fx¿ l;Sb} hfgk' 5{ <
v_ dflg;n] dflg;nfO{ s:tf s/' f l;sfp5F <
u_ dflysf] uLt k9/] ltdLn] s:tf] lzIff kfof} <
%= nfdf] pQ/ bp] m M
s_ ‘l;Sb} hfg'k5’{ uLtdf dflg;n] l;sfpg] s:tf s'/fx¿ pNnv] ul/Psf 5g\ <
v_ dflysf] uLt k9/] ltdLn] hfgs] f s'/fx¿ cfÇg} zAbdf n]v .
l;h{gf
!= dflysf] uLtdf nl] vPsf] zn} Ldf tnsf] vfnL 7fpF e//] uLt k"/f u/ M
d/] f] bz] d/] f] ei] f dnfO{ Kof/f] nfU5
=========================================== .
d]/f ;f/f g;f dr] L aU5 dxfsfnL
=========================================== .
lxdfnsf] lz/ d]/f] kxf8sf] 5ftL
=========================================== .
t/fOs{ f] kmf6F el/ e'N5 d]/f] dg
=========================================== .
b]z 5f]8L hfGgF st} b]zd} sd{ u5'{
=========================================== .
@= ltdL cfkm" nfO{ dg k/s] f] s'g} ljifodf Pp6f uLt nv] / sIffdf ;a}nfO{ ;'gfpm .
5l/tf] gk] fnL – efu kfrF 119
Jofs/0f
!= tnsf jfSox¿ kl/jt{g u/ M
s_ ltdLn] ldlxgt] u/s] f 5f} . -:qLlnª\u_
v_ dflg;x¿ w]/} :jfyL{ xb'F } 5g\ . -Psjrg_
u_ xfdL ;wF} ldn]/ a:5f }F . -tt[ Lo k?' if_
3_ ltdLn] u[xsfo{ u/]sf 5}gf } . -s/0f_
ª_ d}n] af3 b]vs] f] 5 ' . -cs/0f_
r_ of] s6] f] w]/} rnfv 5 . -ax'jrg_
5_ pm ;fx}| cN5L 5 . -b\ljtLo k?' if_
h_ s]6L w]/} /fd/| L gfRyL . -k'lnªu\ _
@= :qLlnªu\ a'¹fpg] jfSox¿sf] k|of]u u//] cfÇgL alxgLsf] af/]df Pp6f cg'R5]b nv] .
#= k9\, a;,\ x]/\, bf8} \, efu\ wfta' f6 aGg] k|yd k'?ifsf ljm| ofx¿sf] k|of]u u//] jfSo agfpm .
ljz]if 1fg
gk] fnsf k|dv' lxdfn / tfnx¿
lxdfnx¿ tfnx¿
;u/dfyf, s~rghª\3f, cGgk0" f{, /f/f, kmj] f, ¿kf, au] gf;, R5f] /fN] kf,
df5fkR' 5,]« wjnflul/, gLnlul/, dgf;n,' kmfS] ;'G8f], ltlnrf,] an' an' ,
dsfn,' ÅnfT] ;,] rf]o', nfd6fª, u0f]z, uf;fOFs'08, 3f8] f3f8] L, db} L, vKt8,
nfs,]{ hu' n, ;}kfn, uf}/Lzªs\ / gGb efph"
120 5l/tf] g]kfnL – efu kfrF
KFF7 lgj]bg
!( labfsf] nflu lgjb] g
efOalxgLx¿;uF † – lgjb] g lsg nl] vG5 xfn] f <
– lgjb] gsf] efiff s:tf] xG' 5 <
– ltdLn] slxNo} lgjb] g nv] s] f 5f} <
– lgjb] g nV] bf s] s] s/' fdf Wofg lbgk' 5{ <
cfk"mnfO{ sg' } ;d:of kbf{ To;sf] ;dfwfgsf nflu ;DalGwt lgsfonfO{ n]lvg] kqnfO{ lgjb] g elgG5 . ljBfnodf
k|wfgfWofksnfO{ lgjb] g nl] vG5 eg] cGo sfofn{ ox¿df To; sfof{nosf] kd| v' nfO{ lgj]bg nl] vG5 . lgjb] gsf]
efiff ;fdfGo t/ cfk} rfl/s x'G5 . lgjb] g nV] bf ;Daf]wg ug{'k5,{ ljifosf] hfgsf/L u/fpg'k5{ / cGTodf cfÇgf]
kl/ro nV] gk' 5 { . tnsf] lgjb] gdf Pp6f ljBfyLn{ ] cfÇgf] ljBfnosf kw| fgfWofksnfO{ labf kfpgsf] nflu lgjb] g
nv] s] f] 5 . p;n] n]v]sf] lgjb] gsf] 9fFrf /fd/| L k9 clg o:t} lgj]bg nV] g] cEof; u/ M
!= ldlt @)&$÷!!÷@%
@= cfb/0fLo kw| fgfWofks,
#= efge' Qm d]df]l/on pRr df=lj=,
$= kfgLkfv] /L, sf7df8f}“ .
%= ljifo M labf kfpm“ eGg] af/] .
^= dxf]bo,
&= pkoS'{ t ljifosf ;DaGwdf d o; ljBfnosf] sIff kfrF df k9\g] 5fq x' “ . d ljBfnodf
lgoldt pkl:yt eP/ cWoog ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . o;kfln eg] d sx] L lbg sIffdf pkl:yt xg'
g;Sg] ePsf] 5' . oxL kmfug' @* ut] sfsfsf] ljjfx ePsfn] d]/f] kl/jf/sf ;Dk0" f{ ;b:ox¿
efl] n kmfu'g @^ ut] g} xfdf| ] kv' f{n} L ynf] wflbªsf] 9fn] f hf“b} 5f“} . ljjfxsf] sfo{qmd ;s/] xfdL
#) ut] dfq sf7df8f“} kmsg{ ] 5f“} . o; aLrdf d ljBfnodf pkl:yt x'g g;Sg] ePsfn] d/] f]
xflh/sfkLdf labf hgfOlbgx' g' >Ldfg\ ;dIf ljgd| cg/' fw] ub5{ ' . ;fy} d/] f] cg'kl:yltsf
lbgdf 5'6\g] kf7x¿ d kms{/] cfPkl5 k/" f ug{] jfrf ;dt] ub{5 ' .
*= cf1fsf/L 5fq
;'hLGb| clwsf/L
5l/tf] g]kfnL – efu kfFr 121
cfb/0fLo M cfb/ ug{ nfos cgk' l:ylt M pkl:yt gePsf] cj:yf
kw| fgfWofks M ljBfnosf k|d'v lzIfs ;dIf M cufl8, ;fd'Gg]
dxfb] o M dfGohgnfO{ ul/g] ;Daf]wg ljgd| M gd| ePsf]
pko'S{ t M dfly elgPsf] cf1fsf/L M cf1f dfGg]
kv' fn}{ L ynf] M afa'afh]x¿ a:g] 7fpF
cEof;
zAb 1fg
!= tnsf zAbx¿ z4' ;uF pRrf/0f u/ M
ljBfno, o;kfln, ;Dk"0f{, pkl:yt, sfo{qmd, cg'/f]w
@= tnsf zAbx¿sf] cy{ nv] M
;dIf, cf1fsf/L, cgk' l:ylt, 5fqf, kv' fn{} L ynf,] cfb/0fLo
#= z'4 kf/L nv] M
xfdL, sR5f, ef]ln, aLafx, lz/dfg, afrf
$= jfSodf ko| fu] u/ M
labf, ;Dk"0f{, xflh/sfkL, ;b:o, ljBfno, lgoldt, pkl:yt
k7g afw]
!= tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] pQ/ b]pm M
s_ dflysf] lgjb] g s;n] n]v]sf] xf] <
v_ dflysf] lgj]bg n]Vg]sf] kv' fn{} L ynf] sxfF /x]5 <
u_ lgj]bgdf lsg labf dfluPsf] 5 <
3_ lgj]bsn] slt lbgsf] ljjfx dfus] f] 5 <
@= lgj]bg n]Vbf ss] ] s/' fdf Wofg lbg'k5{ < dflysf] kf7sf] ;/+ rgf x/] ]/ n]v .
#= tnsf] lzIfsaf6 ;g' clg ;fl] wPsf k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ b]pm M
;g\ !*@* ;K] 6D] a/ ( df pRr kl/jf/df hGdL xl' sP{ / klg efl} ts efu] ljnf;nfO{ rg' ft} L
lbFb} ;/n / zfGt hLjgofkg ug{] ljZjsf yf]/} dxfk?' ifdWo] lncf] 6N;6fo klg Ps x'g \ .
pgL hlGdPsf] el" d ?;sf] o:tfof kfN} ofGof eGg] 7fp“ xf ] . ;fg} pd]/df afa'cfdfsf] lgwg
ePsf] sf/0f cfkmGtsf] ;+/If0fdf xl' s{Psf sf/0f pgsf] afNosfn Tolt jfT;Nok"0f{ ePg
122 5l/tf] gk] fnL – efu kfFr
/ pgn] 3/d} k|fylds lzIff k"/f u/] To;kl5 pRr lzIff k|flKtsf] nflu pgL sHhfs
ljZjljBfnodf egf{ eP . hLjgsf cgs] cf/fx] cj/f]x kf/ ub}{ hLjg cl3 a9fpg] qmddf
pgnfO{ Pskl5 csf]{ ;d:ofn] uf“lh/Åof] . cfÇgf] hLjgnfO{ k0" f{ ¿kn] ;jx{ f/f agfP .
kt} s[ ;DklQ cfÇgf gf} hgf 5f]/fx¿ / >LdtLnfO{ a/fa/ efuaG8f ul/lbP . ljnf;k0" f{
hLjg Tofu]/ cfÇgf] hLjgnfOk{ 0" f{ ¿kn] ;flxTodf nufP/ pgn] 7n" f] of]ubfg k¥' ofP h;nfO{
ljZjsf dxfg\ ;flxTosf/sf ¿kdf lrlgG5 . ;dfhdf x'g] cGofo cTofrf/ zfi] f0f c;Eokgf
lj;ª\ultsf] cGTo x'g'k5{ eGg] dfGotf /fVg] lncf] 6N;6fosf] ;g\ !(!) gf]e]Da/ @@ sf
lbg cf:tfdfk] fs] f] ;fgf] /N] j] :6;] gdf pgsf] dT[ o' eof] . pgsf] lgwgaf6 ?;sf dfq x}gg†\
;+;f/e/sf ;flxTokd]| L g/gf/L zfs] ljxj\ n eP .
kZ| gx¿
s_ lncf] 6N;6fosf] hGd sxf“ / slxn] eof] <
v_ pgsf] afNosfn s;/L lats] f] lyof] <
u_ pgn] k|fylds lzIff s;/L k"/f u/] <
3_ pgsf] hLjgaf6 s:tf] lzIff kfpg ;lsG5 <
ª_ k}t[s;DklQ / jfT;Nok0" f{ zAbsf] cy{ nv] .
l;hg{ f
!= tn lbOPsf] 9fFrfdf la/fdL ePsfn] ] pkl:yt xg' ;lsg egL sIff lzIfsnfO{ lgjb] g n]v M
ldlt===========================
>Ldfg\ sIff lzIfs Ho,"
==================================
==================================
ljifo M ==================================================================================== .
dxfb] o,
=================================================================================================================
=================================================================================================================
cf1fsf/L ===============
gfd M ======================
sIff M ========== /fn] g=+ ============
5l/tf] g]kfnL – efu kfFr 123
@= ljBfnon] cfofh] gf ug{] ;f:+ sl[ ts sfoq{ mddf cfkm" klg ;xefuL xg' kfpmF eg/] kw| fgfWofksnfO{
lgjb] g nv] .
Jofs/0f
!= ‘a’ / ‘j’ sf] k|ofu]
pRrf/0f ‘a’ x'g] gfd, ljz]if0f / cJoodf ‘a’ ko| fu] ul/G5 .
‘a’ pRrf/0f xg' ] wft' / lj|mofdf ‘a’ nl] vG5 .
asN' nf,] aufn, ayfg, avfg, aRrf, afR5f,] afnj' f, ahf/, lanfg} f, aGbs' , a;+} , aGbs' , la/fnf,]
afs] f,] tna, ao/, af?b, af“b/, af“r, a]r, a;\, aU5, a:5' , aG5, afW“ of],
@= ‘j’ pRrf/0f xg' ] gfd, ljzi] f0f, cJoo, cGo efiffaf6 cfPsf zAb cflbdf ‘j’ k|of]u ul/G5 .
To:t} ‘a’ pRrf/0f eP klg s]xL zAbdf ‘j’ g} nl] vG5 .
sj' f, sf}jf, vj' f, u“jf/, h'jfO,“ tfjf, b]j/, wj' f,“ k'jf, kfnj' f, kfj/, xnj' f, h'jf8], ej' fbf/,
cuj' f, jlsn, jfNn, jsfnt, cfjfh, j:tfb, kmj] f, j/, jfl/, jl/kl/, 6j\ fSs, x\jfQ, jfNn,
KjfSs, cjsfz, cjut, cjtf/, cj/fw] , lj1fg, ljzi] f, ;+jfb, ;+ljwfg, ;hfj6, s'?jf,
eu'jf
#= tnsf zAbx¿ z4' kf/]/ nv] M
aiff,{ jsN' nf], jfns, lgjGw, ;DjGw, laBfno, ;hfa6, ;l+ awfg, cfafh, jbdf;
$= tnsf jfSox¿ z4' kf//] nv] M
s_ tfafdf /f6] L ksfO/x]sL ;'GtnLn] afNn k/]/ ba] /nfO{ x]/L .
v_ s?afdf k"mn /fv/] ul/Psf] ;hfa6 jf}nfxfnfO{ dg k/5] .
ljz]if 1fg
g]kfnsf k|dv' gbLgfnfx¿
dr] L, sf;] L, afUdtL, lqzn" L, gf/fo0fL, ;t] L, e/] L, /fKtL, s0ffn{ L,
dxfsfnL, ef6] s] f;] L, tfdfsf;] L, d:ofª{ b\ L, OGbf| jtL, c?0f, aaO,{
sGsfO,{ sdnf, /f;] L, tdf/] , ltnf, lnv,' a9" L u08sL, b/fbF} L,
sfnfL u08sL, ltgfp
124 5l/tf] g]kfnL – efu kfFr
KFF7 syf
Eff] dnfO{ ;fOsn rflxb“ }g
@) ljho rfln;]
efOalxgLx¿;Fu †
– ltdLn] slxNo} sg' } s/' fsf] nflu cleefjsnfO{ lk/s] f 5f} <
– afac' fdf;uF cgfjZos ¿kdf dfu /fv/] lkgx{' G' 5 <
– afac' fdfn] k;} f sdfpg slt w/] } bM'v u/s] f xG' 5g\ yfxf 5 <
– ;Gtfgsf] stJ{ o afac' fdfsf] ;d:of aˆ' g' xf] ls xfO] g <
;dfhdf cfkm" nfO{ c¿eGbf cnu agfpg tyf cfÇgf] /jfkm b]vfpg g/fdf| ] sfd ug{] dflg;x¿ klg 5g \ .
pgLx¿ cg'lrt sfo{ u/]/ wg sdfp5F g\ clg cfkm" nfO{ 7"nf] dfG5] egfpF5g\ . To:tf] sfo{ Ps ks| f/sf] ck/fw
xf] . o:tf] ck/fwaf6 cfh{g u/s] f] wg nfdf] ;do /xFbg} . To;af6 dfG5n] ] ;v' klg kfpFb}g . To;}n] g/fd|f] sfd
u/]/ wg sdfpgx] ¿nfO{ cfb/ ug{] xf]Og sfgg' sf] lhDdf nufpg] JolQm ;Rrf gful/s xf ] .
ljho rfln;] -lj=;+=@))*_ gk] fnL kqsfl/tf tyf ;flxTosf] Ifq] df k|l;4 gfd xf] . ljzi] f u/L syf / pkGof;
n]Vg] rfln;]sf clg s'O/f] kmf65\ , k|ofu] , lqljw, clkn| sf] an] fot ofqf, bofn' /fhs'df/ cflb s[ltx¿ ks| flzt
5g \ . afnaflnsfsf nflu ;G' b/ syf nV] g] rfln;] ;dfhdf xg' ] v/fa sfos{ f] lj/fw] u//] afnaflnsfdf ;sf/fTds
ljrf/sf] ljsf; u/fpg rfxG5g\ . ‘ef] dnfO{ ;fOsn rflxFb}g’ syfdf ei| 6frf/ u//] ;dfhdf s]xL ;dosf]
nflu wgsf] wfs bv] fpg ;lsPnf t/ kl5 To;sf] kl/0ffd g/fdf| ] x'G5 eGg] bv] fP/ cfkm" ;Fu h] 5 To;df lrQ
a¹' fpgk' 5{† cgfjZos s/' fdf lk//] cleefjsnfO{ bM' v lbgx' 'Gg eGg] a¹' ]sf] Pp6f afnsn] cfk"mnfO{ ;fOsn
r9g\ ] OR5f eP klg cfÇgf] afa'sf] lsGg ;Sg] Ifdtf gePsfn] ;fOsn grflxg] s/' f u/s] f] 5 . afFsL s/' f syf
k9]/ a¹' M
!= æcfdf,dnfO{ gof“ ;fOsn geO{ x'b“ g} . /fhLj;“u s:tf] /fdf| ] ;fOsn 5, vn] f}gf 5g\ . cfÇgf]
eg] sx] L 5g} . ;fOsn gNofOlbP d t :sn' } hfGgF s] ¤Æ ho lh2L ub{} lyof ] .
@= æxf]Og, sxf“ kfpg] ;fOsn lsGg] k;} f < alxgLnfO{ :sn' xfNg] a]nf eO;Sof], To;sf] nflu
k;} f vf]Hg' 5 . slxn] s/' f aˆ' g] xfn] f;\ 5f/] f tn}F ] ¤Æ cfdf lbSs dfGb} ;D¹fpg] sf]l;;
ug{'xG' Yof ] . t/ hlt ;D¹fP klg ho eg] lk/f]Ng 5f8\bg} Yof ] .
#= hosf afaf Pp6f ;/sf/L sfofn{ odf xflsd xg' x' G' Yof] . xflsd eP klg hflu/af6 cfpg]
tnan] rf/hgfsf] kl/jf/ kfNg ;w} d'l:sn–dl' :sn xG' Yof ] . t} afa'afhn] ] hf8] ]sf] clnslt
hUuf ar] /] ;fgf] 3/ agfPsf] x“b' f 3/sf] ef8f ltg{ kbg{} Yof] . 5f]/f5f/] LnfO{ rflxg] /fdf| ]
xflsd M k|d'v sd{rf/L, d'Vo dflg; dl' :sn M sl7g, ufx|f,] cK7\of/f ]
5l/tf] gk] fnL – efu kfFr 125
vfglkg, k9fO cflbdf sdL cfpg glbP klg
pgLx¿sf ;a} kmdfO{ ; eg] k/" f xg' ;Sbg} y ] .
egs] f] s/' f k/" f gxb“' f klg alxgL w/] } lk/fl] NbgyL,
ho eg] c¿sf] h] bV] of] ToxL rflxof] eg]/
lk/fN] g] uYof] { .
$= /fhLj hosf] l5ds] L ;fyL lyof] . s]xL
jifb{ ]lv pgLx¿ l5d]sd} 3/ ef8fdf lnP/
a:g yfn]sf lyP . pgsf] hflu/ /fhLjsf]
afafsf] eGbf 7"nf] geP klg vr{ eg] lgs} a9L bl] vGYof ] . /fhLjsL cfdf ;wF} gofFgofF n'uf,
uxgfdf 7f6\l6P/ lx8“ g\ ] ug'x{ G' Yof] . afaf klg ;w“} 6o\ fS;Ldf 8'Ng xG' Yof ] . 3/df df5fdf;,'
efh] et]/ slxNo} 56' b\ g} Yof ] . 6f]nsf dflg;nfO{ a]nfavt afn] fP/ efh] et/] ug]{ x“'bf ;a}
pgsf] dfgdlgtf] uy] { . Tof] k;} f stfaf6 cfp“5 eGg] pgLx¿nfO{ s'g} rf;f] x'Fb}gYof ] .
/fhLjsf afaf 3;' vfP/ w/] } sdfp5“ g\ /] eGg] 6fn] df ufOuF 'OF xNnf lyof] . h;/L sdfPsf]
eP klg pgsf] k'mtL{ eg] lgs} a9L lyof] .
%= /fhLj / p;sf lbbL alxgLn] h] dfu] klg af]nL lg:sg gkfpb“ } cfOk'Uy ] . To;n} ] pgLx¿
;fyLx¿ s;n} fO{ klg uGbg} y ] . /fhLj cfÇgf] ltgkfªu\ ]| ;fOsn, cfkm} u8' g\ ] df6] /, xl] nsfK] 6/h:tf
s/' f b]vfp“b} t;“ u“ 5 d]/f] h:tf] :ffOsn < d/] f t c¿ klg slt 5g\ slt vN] g] s'/f eGb}
c¿nfO{ xfR] ofpg] uYof{ ] . /fhLjnfO{ d klg te“ Gbf sd 5g} eGg] bv] fpg] nfe] n] ho klg 3/
uP/ ;w“} cfdfafafnfO{ lk/fN] g] uYof{ ] .
^= æltdL w]/} ¹u8f gu/ x}, gq d ltdLnfO{ 5f8]/ dfdf3/ hfG5 ' . alxgL slt 1fgL 5], ltdL
eg,] ¤ afafnfO{ lk/fP/ dfq}] x'G5, k};f geO{ sxf“ af6 cfp5F , ;fOsn ¤Æ cfdf p;nfO{ w]/}
;D¹fpg] sf]l;; ug{'x'GYof ] .
&= æ/fhLjsf afaf;“u rflx“ sxf“ af6 cfp“5 t k;} f < k};f geP/ xf] / , dnfO{ dfof gu/]/ kf]
afafn] d}n] eg]sf s/' f gNofOlbg'ePsf] ¤Æpm cfdfn] hlt ;D¹fP klg ;D¹gsf] ;f6f] pN6f]
s/' f dfq} aˆ' Yof ] .
*= æTo:tf] pN6f] s'/f klg ;fR] g] xf] ¤ cfÇgf] afafn] gu/] s;n] dfof u5{ t ltdLnfO{ < c¿sf]
bfh“ f] nfu]/ xG' 5 . s] rf/] /] , v/fa sfd u/]/ NofOlbg] ltdLnfO{ ;fOsn <Æp;sf cfdfafafnfO{
klg cfÇgf 5f/] f5f/] L c¿;/x g} lxF8g" \, pgLx¿n] dfus] f /fdf| s'/f k¥' ofOlbpm“ eGg] rfxgf
kmdf{O; M OR5fcg';f/sf] j:t' dufpg] sfd dfg dlgtf] M dfg ;Ddfg, ;Tsf/, dfgefp
l5d]sL M jNnfk] Nnf] 3/df /x]a;]sf] dfG5 ] km' tL{ M wfs, /jfkm
ef]het/] M kj,{ pT;j cflbdf w/] } dflg;nfO{ vj' fpg] ufOFu'OF M leqleq} rn]sf] xNnf
ltgkfªu\ |] M ltg cf6] f kfªu\ |f ePsf]
sfd
an] favt M ;do, cj;/, dfs} f
126 5l/tf] gk] fnL – efu kfFr
gePsf] t sxf“ xf] / ¤ t/ k'¥ofpg ;s] g xf] . g/fd|f] sfdaf6 sdfP/ To:tf] ug{ eg] pxf“
rfxgx' 'GgYof ] .
(= To:td} f Ps ;f“ ¹ ho / ;fgL alxgL afaf;“u} a;]/ syf ;l' g/x]sf lyP . 3/ 5]pd} bO' –{ ltgj6f
df6] / cfP/ /fl] sP . df6] /sf] cfjfh yfldgf;fy dflg;x¿sf] rsf{] vnan ;'lgof ] . s] ePsf]
/x]5 x]g{ afafn] ˆofn vfn] ]/ aflx/ lrxfpg'eof] . hon] klg afaf;“u} ˆofnaf6 lrxfP/ aflx/
x¥] of] . ;8saQLsf] wldnf] pHofnf]df /fhLjsf] 3/jl/kl/ kl' n;x¿ aGbs' t:] of{P/ plePsf
b]lvP . ;8sel/ 6f]nsf dflg; hDdf ePsf lyP . k'ln;x¿ lsg To;/L aGb's t]:of{P/
/fhLjsf] 3/ 3l] //xs] f 5g\ eGg] ga¹' ]/ ;ah} gf cndNn k/]sf lyP . pm klg afaf;“u} aflx/
;8sdf lg:Sof ] .
!)= sx] L a/] kl5 ;a}n] yfxf kfP 3;' vfPsf] / e|i6frf/ u/]sf] cf/f]kdf k'ln; /fhLjsf afafnfO{
;dfTg eg]/ cfPsf /x5] g \ . kl' n;sf xflsdn] Tox“f plePsf l5d]sLx¿dWo] rf/–k“frhgfnfO{
cfk"m;u“ } 3/leq cfpg cg/' fw] u/] . hosf afaf klg leq hfg]dWo] x'g'xG' Yof ] . sx] L k'ln;
3/aflx/ 3/] /] a;],sx] L rf/–kf“ rhgf l5d]sL;u“ } 3/leq k; ] . ho klg ToxL le8df l5//]
afafsf] kl5 nfUof ] . pgLx¿ Ps–Ps sf]7fdf k;/] ;a} s/' f x]b}{ ltgsf] ;r" L agfO/x]sf] lyP .
Pp6f 7"nf] ;]kmdf O“6f agfPsf] ;'g, nfK;fsf nfK;f r“fbL, yk' }| u/uxgf lyP . Pp6f 7"nf]
;'6s]; gf6] } gf6] n] 6Dd el/Psf] lyof] . Tolt w/] } wg;Dklt 6f]nsf dflg;n] o;cl3 slxNo}
bv] s] f lyPgg \ . Tof] bv] /] ;a} cfZro{n] lha|f] 6f]Sb} lyP .
!!= æcfx] f] ¤ Pshgf ;fwf/0f
sd{rf/Ln] sx“faf6 NofP
xf]nfg\ oqfl] aWg wg;Dklt ¤Æ
kNnf 3/sf sfsfn] cfZro{
dfg/] eGg'eof ] .
!@= æs;/L xg' ' lg, ei| 6frf/ u/]/
sdfP . gq hflu/sf] tnan]
dfq} oltla£g wg;Dklt s;/L
hf8] g\ ;Sy] .Æ csf{ l5ds] L
bfOn] KofRr} elgxfNg'eof ] .
vnan M xNnfvNnf, xfx] Nnf u/uxgf M gfs, sfg 3f6F L cflbdf nufOg] l;Fuf/sf
wldnf ] M dw'/f], c:ki6 ;fwg
cndNn kg '{ M cndndf kg'{, lhNn kg'{ ;'6s;]
nfK;f M ;'g, rfbF Lsf] kftf KofRr M ;'6 cflb sk8f /fVg] afs;
M sg' } s/' f ga'¹L afN] bfsf] lsl;d
5l/tf] gk] fnL – efu kfrF 127
!#= k'ln;n] 3/df kfOPsf ;a} u/uxgf, wg;Dklt, ;/;fdfgsf] ;r" L tof/ u/] . pgLx¿n] tL
;a} wg;Dklt pgsf] 3/df kfOPsf] eGg] ax] f/] f nv] /] ;fIfLsf ¿kdf 6f]nsf dflg;x¿sf]
;xL u/fP . tL ;a} s/' f kf]sf] kf/]/ kl' n;n] /fhLjsf] afafnfO{ klg kqm/] ;fy} nu ] . /fhLjsf
afaf nfhn] d'v 5fK] b} k'ln;;uF } hfge' of ] .
!$= Toltn] dfq gk'u]/ k'ln;n] 3/sf] dn" 9f]sfd} tfNrf dfl/lbP . ca /fhLjx¿;dt] 3/leq
k:g gkfpg] eP . oltan] f;Dd nfhn] sx] L afN] g g;ss] L /fhLjsL cfdfn] ?b} eGge' of–] 3/df
;dt] tkfO{x+ ¿n] tfNrf df/]kl5 d oL nfnfafnf lnP/ sxf“ hfpm ¤ laGtL xfdLnfO{ larNnLdf
gkfl/lbg'xf];\ ¤
!%= æs] ugx{ G' 5 < xfdLn] t cfbz] sf] kfngf ug{] xf ] . tkfOx+{ ¿n] cfÇgf] Joj:yf ugf;{] \ . efl] n
cbfntn] cfbz] glbpGhn] xfdLn] 3/ vfN] g ldNbg} .Æ kl' n;sf xflsdn] To;f] egk] l5
/fhLjsL cfdf ?g yfNg'eof] . /fhLj / alxgLx¿ klg ?g yfn] .
!^= kl' n;n] /fhLjsf afafnfO{ kqm] / nu]kl5 dflg;x¿ cgs] fF} s/' f sf6\b} lyP . lar/L /fhLjsL
cfdf pgLx¿sf s'/f ;g' /] nfhn] cgx' f/ 5fl] k/xg' Psf] lyof ] . /fhLj / alxgLx¿ cfdfsf]
wft] Lsf] km/] ;dft]/ /f]O/x]sf] lyP . lxhf]cl:t /fhLjsf afafnfO{ e6] g\ cfpg], efh] et/] df
hDdf x'g] ;a} l5d]sLx¿ clxn] /fhLjsf afafsf] ab\VjfO“ ul//xs] f lyP . /fhLjsL cfdfnfO{
jf; / 9f9; lbg] sfx] L b]lvPgg \ . pgLx¿sf gftb] f/ klg sf]xL glhs lyPgg\ . ca /ft sxf“
uP/ latfpg,] cfdfsf] ;ae} Gbf 7n" f] lrGtf ToxL lyof ] . 5f]/f5f]/Lsf] larNnL x'g] eof] eGg]
;f]Rb} pxf“ /f]O/xg'ePsf] lyof] . cl3–kl5 /fhLj / alxgLx¿nfO{ dfof bv] fp“b} pgLx¿sf]
cl3kl5 ug{] 6f]nsf dflg;x¿ ;a} nfvfkfvf nflu;s]sf lyP . Toxf“ pgLx¿nfO{ e/f];f lbg]
sf]xL lyPg .
!&= æ/fhLjnfO{ xfd}| 3/ nh} fcfF} g, xG' g afaf .ÆTof] bv] /] hon] afaf;u“ eGof ] . ;w“} cfÇgf vn] fg} f
bv] fP/ ;a}nfO{ xf]RofO/xg] /fhLjnfO{ cl3kl5 pm k6Ss} dg k/fpb“ g} Yof ] . olt a]nf eg]
/f]O/xs] f] /fhLjsf] cg'xf/ bv] /] honfO{ bof nfUof ] .
!*= æltdLn] 7Ls eGof} ho ¤ efph" kL/ gug'{xf];\ csf{] Joj:yf gx'Gh]n dsxf“ g} a;fFn} f . uNtL
tkfOs+{ f >Ldfgn\ ] uge'{ of,] tkfO+{ / s6] fs6] Lsf] s] bfi] f . l5ds] L egs] f] klg t o:t} cfktl\ jktd\ f
rflxg] xf] lg .Æ hosf afafn] eGg'eof] .
!(= æbfi] f t lsg gxg' lg . klxn] g} v/fa sfd u//] xfdLnfO{ ;v' rflxb“ g} eGg ;ss] f eP of] lbg
bV] g} kbg{} Yof] lg ¤Æ hosf afafsf] s/' f ;g' /] Toxf“ af“ sL ePsfdWo] s;n} ] KofRr elgxfNof ] .
;fIfL M s'g} s/' f b]Vg,] ;'Gg] jf yfxf kfpg] JolQm 9f9; M cf8e/f];f
a]xf/] f M s'g} 36gf;DaGwL d'Vo ljj/0f gft]bf/ M Oi6ldq
nfnfafnf M ;fgf s6] fs]6L larNnL M lahf]u, bb' {zf
wf]tL M sDd/d'lg a]//] nufOg] sk8f nfvfkfvf M otfplt nfUbfsf] lsl;d
abV\ jfO “ M csfs{ f] abgfdL ug]{ sfd cfktl\ jkt \ M cK7o\ f/f] cj:yf† ;ªs\ 6
128 5l/tf] gk] fnL – efu kfrF
@)= ærk' \ nfUgf;] \ tkfOx+{ ¿, of] 3fr] k]r ug{] a]nf xf]Og . tkfO+{ – xfd|f] klg t bfi] f 5 lg ¤ Tof] wg
s;/L cfof] eGg] ;fR] b} g;f]rL wgLsf] dfq} dfg–dlgtf] ug{] tkfO+–{ xfdL g} t xfF} lg < xfd|f] o:t}
afgLn] t v/fa sfd u/]/ eP klg w]/} wg hDdf ug{ dflg;x¿ xfl} ;G5g\ ¤Æ
@!= ;a}hgf cf–cfÇgf 3/lt/ nfu] . s'g} ;xf/f gePsf /fhLjsL cfdf klg 5f]/f5f/] L cl3
nfP/ hosf] 3/ hfg'eof ] . ptf hosf] dgdf eg] cgs] f}“ s'/f v]ln/x]sf lyP . /fhLjn] h:t}
;fOsn, vn] fg} f lslglbg cfkm" n] cfdfafafnfO{ lk/f]Ng] u/]sf] ;D¹]/ p;nfO{ cfkm" n] 7Ls
ul/g5' eGg] nflu/xs] f] lyof] . 6fn] sf dflg;x¿sf] s'/f ;'g/] pm ¹;ª\u} ePsf] lyof] . cfdfn]
cfkm" nfO{ ;D¹fpb“ f ;D¹fpb“ f sx] L gnfu/] s] rf/] /] NofOlbg] ;fOsn egs] f] s/' f p;n] aNn kf]
a'ˆof ] . cxf] ¤ cfÇgf] OR5f k/" f ug{ afafn] klg To;/L g} 3'; vfg] v/fa sfd uge'{ Psf] eP
px“fnfO{ klg t k'ln;n] o;/L g} ;dft/] nh} fGYof] of] s'/f sNkgf ubf{ klg p;nfO{ 8/ nfu]/
cfof] .
@@= 3/ kU' gf;fy hon] cfdfsf] xft ;dfTb} eGof–] æef] dnfO{ ;fOsn rflx“b}g . cfdf, ca d
slxNo} o:tf] lh2L ulb{g x} ¤Æ
@#= æ:ofaf; 5f/] f, ca eg] ltdL s'/f a'ˆg] eof} ¤Æ p;sf] Tof] s/' f ;g' /] p;sf cfdfafafsf]
cg'xf/ v;' Ln] xlF ;nf] b]lvof ] .
3f]rk]r M csf{nfO{ kL/ kg]{ u/L eGg] sfd ¹;ª\u } M ¹:sFbf jf t;{b+ fsf] lsl;d
cEof;
zAb 1fg
!= tnsf zAbx¿ z'4;Fu pRrf/0f u/ M
kfª\u|], x]lnsf]K6/, 1fgL, Joj:yf, ˆofn, aGb's
@= jfSodf k|of]u u/ M
sx] L, l5ds] L, hUuf, vn] fg} f, lg, t/, cndNn kg'{, nfvfkfvf, ufOuF O' F
#= z4' kf/]/ nv] M
s_ /flha / p:sf bLlb axLlgn] h] dfU] klg af]lg lg:sg gkfpbF } cfO{kU' y] .
v_ ‘6Lle 9/] } ¹u8f gu/\ xf]O,{ gT/ d 6LlenfO{ 5f8]/ dfDdf3/ hfG5 ' .’
5l/tf] g]kfnL – efu kfrF 129
$= tnsf zAbsf] p:t} cy{ lbg] zAb nv] M
3/, gof,F k};f, lgs,} cfdf, ;DklQ
%= tnsf zAbsf] pN6f] cy{ lbg] zAb nv] M
bof, Joj:yf, cfÇgf, 1fgL, clnslt, aflx/
^= tnsf zAbsf] cy{ nv] M
;'6s];, 3fr] kr] , 9f9;, nfnfafnf, ab\VjfOF, a]xf/] f
&= tnsf zAb / cy{sf aLrdf hf]8f ldnfpm M
nfvfkfvf dw'/f]
larNnL wfs
wldnf ] leqleq} rns] f] xNnf
gftb] f/ ;g' rfbF Lsf] kftf
k'mtL { xfx] Nnf
nfK;f b'bz{ f
vnan Oi6ldq
ufOFu'OF ptfplt nfUbfsf] lsl;d
k7g af]w
!= tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] Ps jfSodf pQ/ b]pm M
s_ ‘ef] dnfO{ ;fOsn rflxFb}g’ syf s;n] n]vs] f xg' \ <
v_ ho lsg lh2L ub}{ lyof] <
u_ ho lsg afcfdfnfO{ lk/fN] g] uYof]{ <
3_ /fhLjsL cfdf s;/L lx8F \g] ug'x{ G' Yof] <
ª_ /fhLjsf 3/df lsg k'ln; cfPsf /x5] g\ <
r_ /fhLjsf afaf k'ln;;Fu s;/L hfge' of] <
5_ /fhLjsL cfdfn] k'ln;;Fu s:tf] laGtL la;fpg'eof] <
h_ dflg;x¿ lsg s'/f sf6\b} lyP <
¹_ honfO{ s] sf/0f bof nfUof] <
`_ ;wF} lh2L ul//xg] hon] PSsfl; lsg ;fOsn grflxg] s/' f u¥of] <
130 5l/tf] gk] fnL – efu kfrF
@= JofVof u/ M
Tof] wg s;/L cfof] eGg] ;f]Rb} g;f]rL wgLsf] dfQ} dfgdlgtf] ug{] tkfO+{ xfdL g} t xf}F lg .
#= tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] pQ/ n]v M
s_ ho s:tf] :jefj ePsf] afns xf] <
v_ hosf] kfl/jfl/s cj:yf s:tf] lyof] <
u_ /fhLjsf] kfl/jfl/s cj:yf s:tf] lyof] <
3_ hosf] Jojxf/df s;/L kl/jtg{ cfof] <
ª_ dflysf] syf k9]/ ltdLn] s] lzIff kfof} <
$= nfdf] pQ/ n]v M
s_ /fhLjsf a'afn] k|z:t wg;DklQ sdfPsf] /x:o s;/L v'Nof] <
v_ 3'; vfgx] ¿n] xfdf| ] ;dfhnfO{ g/fd|/L lauf/s] f 5g\ eGg] s'/f kf7sf] cfwf/df :ki6 kf/ .
l;h{gf
!= tn lbOPsf] hfgsf/Lsf] cfwf/df Pp6f syf n]v/] zLifs{ klg /fv M
3gf hªu\ ndf rf/ hgf ;fyLx¿ ======== 3'Dg' ======== ltghgf w]/} k9]sf ======= Pp6f cgk9
========== cgk9n] sx] L hfGb}g eGg] dfGotf ===== s]xL x8\8L km]nf kfg{' ======= To;nfO{ hf8] /]
af3 agfpg' =========== To;df k|f0f eg{] s'/f Pp6fn] atfpg' ======= cgk9 s]6fn] gdfGg'
=====;fyLx¿n] p;nfO{ d"v{nfO{ s]xL yfxf gx'g] atfpg' ======== p;n] To;f] eP d ?vdf r95\ '
clg dfq af3df kf| 0f eg'{ eGg' / ?v r9\g' ======= pm ?v r9k] l5 ljåfg\ ;fyLx¿n] af3nfO{
hLjg lbg' ======= af3n] ltg} hgf ljåfg\x¿nfO{ vfg' ======== ?vdf r9]sf] cgk9 s]6f af“Rg' .
@= syfsf] hosf] 7fpdF f ltdL ePsf eP ltdL klg ;fOsnsf] OR5f p;n] h;/L g} 5f8] \Yof} <
lsg <
#= ltdLn] k9]sf jf ;g' s] fdWo] w/] } /fd|f] nfu]sf] sg' } Pp6f syf n]v]/ ;fyLx¿nfO{ ;g' fpm .
Jofs/0f
!= pvfg ko| f]u ePsf jfSox¿ Wofg lbP/ k9 M
► OGbs| f cufl8 :ju{sf] aofg -hfGg]sf cufl8 ghfGg]n] k'mtL{ ug{_' M bz jif{ cd]l/sfsf]
Goo' fs] { a;/] cfPsf b08kfl0fsf cufl8 cdl] /sfsf] af/d] f ;g' s] f] tfo] fgfyn] Goo' fs] s{ f]
af/]df rrf{ ubf{ OGb|sf cufl8 :ju{sf] aofg u/¹] }F eof ] .
5l/tf] g]kfnL – efu kfrF 131
► 9ª' \uf vf]Hbf bp] tf ldNg' -hg' s'/fsf] rfx u¥of] ToxL s/' f e6] g\ '_ M d tkfOn+{ fO{ vf]Hb}
lyP,F 9'ª\uf vfH] bf bp] tf ldn]em}F tkfO{+ t oxLF el] 6g' ef ] .
► sf}jfnfO{ a]n kfSof] xif{ g lj:dft -pkofu] lagfsf] sfo{ x'g_' M ;/sf/L sd{rf/Lsf]
tna a9/] s] eof] t cfkm" nfO{ t sf}jfnfO{ an] kfSof] xif{ g la:dft eg]/ Jofkf/L
/Tgdfgn] ug' f;f] u/ ] .
@= 6'Ssf ko| fu] ePsf jfSox¿ Wofg lbP/ k9 M
► >L u0fz] ug{' -yfngL ug_{' M gk] fn PsLs/0fsf] >L u0fz] kY[ jLgf/fo0f zfxn] u/s] f xg' \ .
► dv' nfUg' -hjfkm nufpg'_ M cfk"meGbf 7"nf;Fu dv' nfUg] dflg; nIodf kU' g ;Sb}g .
► 6fpsf] vfg' -;tfpg'_ M ltdf| ] srsrn] d/] f] 6fpsf] vfO;Sof] .
► s'/f vfg' -eg]sf] dfGg_' M ltdf| s/' f t ;an} ] vfG5g\ lg, d}n] v/fa sfd u/s] f] xfO] g
eg]/ ufpnF x] ¿nfO{ ;DemfOb]pm g .
#= jfSodf k|of]u u/ M
3f6F L x/] L xf8 lgNg', OndLsf] efudf df5f / df;,' xg' ] la?jfsf] lrNnf] kft, cfvF f vN' g', 3F8' f
6]Sg', 6fpsfdf 6S] g,' kmTt] ug{'
$= pvfg / 6'Ssfsf] ko| f]u u/]/ cfÇgf] ;fyLsf] af/d] f Pp6f cgR' 5]b nv] .
ljzi] f 1fg
s]sf] aRrfnfO{ s] elgG5 <
xfQLsf] M 5fjf÷5fjL 3f]8fsf] M a58] f÷] a58] L
ss' /' sf ] M 5fp/f÷5fp/L ufOs{ f] M afR5f÷] afR5L
e;}F Lsf ] M kf8f÷] kf8L af3sf ] M 8d?
xfF;sf] M l6p/f ] uF8} fsf ] M s6] f÷] s6] L
la/fnfsf] M Gofp/f÷] Gofp/L df5fsf ] M e'/f
132 5l/tf] g]kfnL – efu kfrF
KFF7 sljtf
gk] fn Kof/f] 5
@! – k|eftL ls/0f
efOalxgLx¿;uF †
– ltdLn] gk] fnsf k|fsl[ ts ;Dkbfx¿ bv] s] f 5f} <
– lxdfn, kxf8 / t/fOd{ f a:g] km/skm/s dflg; e]6s] f 5f} <
– g]kfn s]s] s'/fn] ubf{ ;G' b/ b]lvPsf] xf]nf <
– gk] fnsf] ;fgnfO{ c¹ pRr kfg{ s] ugk{' nf{ <
gk] fn ef}ufl] ns ¿kdf ;fgf] eP klg k|fsl[ ts tyf ;f:+ sl[ ts bl[ i6sf0] faf6 ljzfn 5 . oxL ljzfntfsf sf/0f
of] ;+;f/df cGo bz] x¿ eGbf km/s / ;'Gb/ 5 . o:tf] b]zdf hGdg kfPsfd] f ;Dk"0f{ g]kfnLx¿ cfk"mnfO{
efUodfgL 7fG5g\ . g]kfnsf] ;fgnfO{ c¹ pRr /fVg g]kfnL g]kfnL aLrsf] PstfnfO{ c¹ alnof] agfpgk' 5 { .
ke| ftL ls/0f -@)#^_ gk] fnL ;flxTodf uhn, sljtf, lgaGw, syf tyf ;dfnfr] gf ljwfdf snd rnfpF5g\ .
logsf cj?4 unfx¿, ljrf/sf eUgfjz]if -uhn;ª\ux| _, lgaGw / /rgflzNk 5l/tf] g]kfnL Jofs/0f -sIff
! b]lv !)_ nufotsf k:' tsx¿ k|sflzt 5g\ . logL cfÇgf sljtfdf cfkm" afFrs] f] ;dosf] oyfy{ ptf5{g\ .
dflg;dflg; aLrsf] c;dfgtf, ;fdflhs ljs[lt, cefj, b]zsf] lk8f tyf ks| [lt kd|] nfO{ ljifo agfP/ sljtf
nV] g] k|eftL ls/0f cfÇgf] k':tfsf ;ljm| o slj xg' \ . ‘gk] fn Kof/f] 5’ sljtfdf sljn] g]kfnL ks| [lt, oxfF /xs] f]
;f+:sl[ ts ljljwtf, hfltut ljljwtf cflbsf] rrf{ u//] g]kfnnfO{ Kof/f] e"ldsf] ¿kdf lrq0f u/]sf 5g \ . o;
sljtfdf k'vf{x¿sf] ;fg gk] fnL /fli6o« ¹G8fsf] ul/df pRr /fVg lxdfn, kxf8 / t/fOs{ f ;Dk0" f{ g]kfnL aLr
Pstf x'gk' g]{ s'/f JoQm ul/Psf] 5 . yk s'/f sljtf k9]/ aˆ' g] k|of; u/ M
;;+ f/ of] ;'Gb/ lrq h:tf] pGdfb M kfunkg
pGdfb gfn} f] 5 d leq s:tf ] . w/f M wtL{, k[YjL
kfl] vG5' cfkmF} /ª e} w/fdf nfnL M /ftf] /ªdf xg' ] ;f}Gbo{
¹b{} lxdfnL hn e} u/fdf ..$.. u/f M af/Lsf] kf6f]
hn M kfgL
kft] /] nfnL ha kj" { xfF:5 j/} fUo M ;;+ f/sf ;'v ;'ljwfnfO{ t'R5 7fGg] k|j[lQ
j}/fUo of]uL klg kL| t uf:F 5 . of]uL M ofu] sf] ;fwgf jf cEof; ug{]
vfn] f ;;' ]nL d[b' uLt af]N5 ;';n] L M xfjf, vf]nf] cflb aUbfsf] cfjfh
p8b\ } e'jf¹}F dg kª\v vf]N5 ..*.. db[ ' M dL7f,] dw/' , g/d
5l/tf] gk] fnL – efu kfrF 133
;]nf] / Rofa'|ª\ d'6d' f 5 d]/f]
dr] L / sfnL 3/sf] kFw/] f] .
s}nfzsf] l:gUw ;'/Do 5fof
lglv|Gg s}No} lbnleq dfof ..!@..
lxdfn xfF:b} ‘p7 dfly’ eG5
kxf8n] ‘kf}/v kf]v’ eG5 .
dw;] l;ªu\ f] 3/sf] 5 yfd
gk] fn Kof/f] 5 kljq wfd ..!^..
kG5L agL km/' { p8F" d cfh
Ao¹'F fpFb} ufpF / of] ;dfh .
¹'Sb} g¹'Sg] lz/ rGb;| "o{
af]sL gyfSg] dgdf 5 w}o { ..@)..
ej' f M skf;, l;dn cflbsf] ?jf ;'/Do M Hofb} /fd|f], ;G' b/
;]nf ] M tfdfª, z]kf{ cflbsf] uLt lbn M dg
Rofaª|' M lnDa" hfltdf k|rlnt gfr yfd M 7"nf] vDaf, vfFaf]
kwF ]/f ] M kfgLsf] wf/f], kfgL eg{] 7fpF wfd M kl| ;4, tLy:{ yn
sn} fz M lzjsf] jf;:yfg dflgPsf] kljq tLy{:yn wo} { M ljklQ kbf{ gcflQg] u0' f
l:gUw M ;kmf, ;'sf]dn dw]; M t/fO{
cEof;
zAb 1fg
!= tnsf zAbx¿ z4' ;uF pRrf/0f u/ M
lglvG| g, Rofa|ª' , rGb|;o" ,{ l:gUw, ;'/Do, wo} {
@= tnsf zAbsf] ljk/Lt cy{ lbg] zAb nv] M
k"j,{ ;G' b/, dfof, lz/, ufpF
134 5l/tf] gk] fnL – efu kfrF
#= jfSodf k|ofu] u/ M
lxdfnL, kljq, k'm/,{ dw];, 5fof, cfkmF}, l;ªu\ f]
$= tnsf zAbx¿sf] cy{ n]v M
;]nf,] yfd, kwF /] f,] of]uL, sn} fz, pGdfb, db[ '
%=\ dflysf] sljtfaf6 cgk' f| ;o'St zAbx¿ vf]h .
^= tnsf zAbx¿ z'4 kf/]/ ;f/ M
a/} fUP, klaq, l;/, gpnf,] wO¥o
&= dflysf] sljtfdf rGb|ljGb' nfus] f zAbx¿ vf]h / ltgnfO{ cfÇgf] sfkLdf nv] M
*= tnsf zAb / cys{ f aLrdf hf]8f ldnfpm M
kL| t kv6] f xg' ] hLj
wfd ;'Gb/
;/' Do vt] jf af/Lsf] kf6f]
l:gUw tLy{:yn
u/f skf;,l;dn cflbsf] ?jf
e'jf lrNnf,] dn' fod, sfd] n
kG5L lk/tL
k7g afw]
!= tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] PsPs jfSodf pQ/ b]pm M
s_ ‘gk] fn Kof/f] 5’ sljtfsf n]vs sf] x'g\ <
v_ slt a]nf ofu] Ln] k|Lt ufF:5 <
u_ sljsf] d'6'df ss] ] 5g\ <
3_ k"j{ s;/L xf:F 5 <
ª_ lxdfn / kxf8n] ss] ] eg]sf 5g\ <
r_ sljn] dw];nfO{ sg' ¿kdf x]/s] f 5g\ <
5_ slxNo} glglv|g] s'/f s] xf] <
h_ sljn] sn] fO{ lz/ egs] f 5g\ <
¹_ sljtfdf s] afS] bf gyfSg] s/' f ul/Psf] 5 <
`_ slj s] eP/ sxfF kf]lvG5g\ <
5l/tf] g]kfnL – efu kfFr 135
@= JofVof u/ M
s_ s}nfzsf] l:gUw ;'/Do 5fof
lglv|Gg sN} o} lbnleq dfof .
v_ ¹S' b} g¹'Sg] lz/ rGb|;o" {
af]sL gyfSg] dgdf 5 wo} { .
#= tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ nv] M
s_ g]kfn Kof/f] 5 sljtfdf s] s:tf k|fs[lts j:tx' ¿sf] lrq ptfl/Psf] 5 <
v_ d]rL / sfnLnfO{ 3/sf] kwF /] f] dfGg'sf] sf/0f s] xf] <
u_ sljtfdf g]kfnL /fli6o« ¹G8fnfO{ s;/L k:| tt' ul/Psf] 5 <
$= nfdf] pQ/ bp] m M
g]kfn lsg Kof/f] / kljq 5 < sljtfsf] cfwf/df n]v .
l;hg{ f
!= sljtf n]Vgsf nflu oxL ljifo rflxG5 eGg] xb'F }g . cfk"mnfO{ h'g ljifo dg k5{ ToxL ljifodf
sljtf n]Vg ;lsG5 . ks| l[ tsf] aofg u//] , s'g} 36gfsf] rrf{ u/]/, s'g} ljifosf] af/d] f
hfgsf/L lbP/ tyf cfk"mnfO{ /fdf| ] jf g/fdf| ] nfus] f] ljifodf sljtf nV] g ;lsG5 .
@= ltdLn] of] k':tssf cl3Nnf kf7x¿df w]/j} 6f sljtf kl9;Sof } . tL sljtfx¿sf] cEof;df
ljleGg ljifodf sljtf n]Vg] cEof; klg ul/;Sof} . cl3Nnf kf7x¿df k9s] f] cfwf/df ‘d/] f]
b]z’ zLif{sdf Pp6f sljtf nv] clg sIffdf ;an} fO{ ;g' fpm .
zAbe08f/
!= aˆ' g] k|of; u/ M
– pN6f] cy{ lbg] zAbnfO{ ljk/LtfyL{ zAb elgG5 .
;fgf] – 7n" f] xfr] f] – cUnf]
km]b – 6K' kf] df6] f] – bA' nf]
lbg – /ft nfdf ] – 5f6] f]
– p:t}p:t} cy{ lbg] zAbnfO{ kofo{ jfrL zAb elgG5 .
wtL{ — e"ld, e'O,“ w/0fL, w/f, kY[ jL, hggL
dflg; — dfG5], dfgj, dgi' o, JolQm
136 5l/tf] gk] fnL – efu kfrF
gf/L — dlxnf, :qL, cfOdfO,{ :jf:gLdfG5]
;"o{ — efg,' /lj, cflbTo, efis/, lbjfs/, piffklt
– Pp6} zAbn] PseGbf a9L cy{ lbG5 eg] To;nfO{ cg]sfyL{ zAb elgG5 .
;f“rf] – s= -tfNrf vfN] g ko| f]u ul/g] ;fwg_ tkfO{n+ ] d]/f] sf7] fsf] ;fr“ f] bV] ge' of] <
v= -;To s'/f_ ;w“} ;fr“ f] af]Ng] u/ .
s/ – s= -;/sf/nfO{ ltl/g] /sd_ x/]s gful/sn] cfk"mn] cfhg{ u/]sf] ;DklQsf] s/
ltg'k{ 5 { .
v= -l9kL_ d ltdLl;t hfGg egk] l5 lsg s/ u5f{} <
u= -xft_ tkfOn+{ fO{ d s/ hf8] /] laGtL u5,'{ dnfO{ unt g;D¹gx' f];\ .
– ;G' bf p:t} nfUg] t/ km/s cy{ ePsf zAbsf] hf8] LnfO{ >l' t;dleGgfyL{ zAb elgG5 .
cfwL M cfwf cf“wL M x/' Latf;
;a M ;Dk"0f { za M nf;
6f6f] M bfu tftf] M tft]sf]
@= s_ tnsf zAbx¿sf] kofo{ jfrL zAb nv] M
sf;] n] L, zzL, atf;, lstfa, u[x, kfgL, vfn] f, tfn
v_ tnsf zAbx¿sf] ljk/LtfyL{ zAb n]v M
Ps, d/0f, :jtGq,cfut, hLjg,pbo, cGTo
u_ tnsf zAbx¿sf] km/skm/s cy{ n]vL jfSodf k|ofu] u/ M
tfn k'tnL ;f“rf]
3_ tn >l' t;dleGgfyL{ zAbx¿ cy{;lxt lbOPsf 5g\ ltgnfO{ jfSodf ko| f]u u/ M
km" n -ki' k_, km' n -cG8f_, 6fk] -cªu\ h]| L 6fk] L_, tfk] -k8s\ g] xltof/_, hflt -hft_ hftL -c;n_
zLt -/ftL cfsfzaf6 v:g] kfgLsf yf]kf_ l;t -;“u_
ljzi] f 1fg
gk] fndf :yfkgf ePsf ljZjljBfnox¿
lqej' g ljZjljBfno gk] fn ;:+ s[t ljZjljBfno
sf7df8fF} ljZjljBfno k"jf~{ rn ljZjljBfno
kf]v/f ljZjljBfno nl' DagL ljZjljBfno
5l/tf] g]kfnL – efu kfrF 137
KFF7 syf
@@ ;GWof/fgLsf] :sn'
– dxz] kf8} o\ fn
efOalxgLx¿;Fu †
– ltdf| ] kl/jf/sf ;a} ;b:on] k9g\ nV] g hfgs] f 5g\ < – dfG5n] ] lsg k9g\ k' 5{ <
– dn} ] k9s] f] 5g} , k9s] f] eP ss] ] uy+{] egs] f] ;g' s] f 5f} < – k9g\ ghfgs] f sf/0f ;d:ofdf k/s] f] dfG5] bv] s] f
5f} <
dfG5n] ] hLjgdf 1fg cfh{g ug{ slxNo} kl5 kg'{x'Gg . k9\gs' f] cy{ l;Sg' xf ] . l;sfOsf]
nflu pd]/n] 5S] b}g . gk9]sf sf/0f w]/} dflg;n] /fd|/L sfd ug{ ;s]sf 5}gg \ . k9\g
ghfg]sf dfG5] 7lug] u/s] f 5g\ . o;/L 7lugaf6 hf]lug k9\g' cfjZos 5 .
dxz] kf8} o\ fn -@)#*_ gk] fnL tyf cªu\ h|] L efiffdf snd rnfpg] ;|i6f x'g \ . afn
;flxTodf ljzi] f ¿kn] ;lj|mo kf}8n] sf gk] fnL efiffdf ;kgfsf] kn' , cfdf gxF'bf Ps
;f¹F , cgflds ofqL nufotsf k:' tsx¿ ks| flzt 5g\ . afnaflnsfnfO{ /fr] s kf/fn]
stJ{ o, 1fg / pQ/bfloTjsf] af]w u/fpg] ljifo ;d6] ]/ syf n]Vg] kf}8]n pgLx¿s} dfWodaf6 ;dfhsf] pGglt
/ ku| ltsf] sNkgf ug{' pgsf] ljz]iftf xf] . ‘;GWof/fgLsf] :s'n’ syfdf ;Gwf/fgLsf] dfWodaf6 k9g\ ] ;dodf
k9\g gkfPsfx¿nfO{ k9\g] jftfj/0f gkfPsfx¿sf] ;d:of pNn]v u/]/ ltgnfO{ k9fOsf] dxŒj a¹' fOPsf] 5 .
;GWof/fgLn] cfd}x¿nfO{ k9fPsf] / cfd}x¿n] k9\g hfg]sf] 36gfaf6 dfG5]n] k9\g rfÅof] eg] pd]/n] sbflk
5]Sb}g eGg] s'/f JoQm ul/Psf] of] syf cToGt cfsifs{ z}nLdf n]lvPsf] 5 . yk s'/f syf k9/] a¹' M
!= ;GWof/fgLsf] 3/ kfgLvt] L ufpFdf lyof] .
pgL xh/' cfdf;Fu ufpFs} 3/df al:yg\ .
pgsf] ufpdF f :sn' lyPg . To;n} ] pgL Ps
306fsf] af6f] lx8F /] jfOrª' ufpdF f k9\g
hflGyg \ . pgL :s'n hfFbf afN6Lel/ b"w
lnP/ hflGyg\ . Tof] b"w /fw]sf xf]6ndf
a]lRyg\ . 3/ kms{+bf cfÇgf] ¹f]nf;UF f} l/Qf]
aflN6g lnP/ cfpFlyg \ .
@= aLr af6f]df Pp6f PSnf] kLknsf] af]6 lyof] . ToxfF nfnsgL{ cfd} cf?av8f al] Ryg \ . cGo
ufpnF ] cfdx} ¿ klg kmnkmn' / dfx] L aR] y ] . ;GWof/fgL ;w“} 3/ kmsb+{ f cf?av8f lsg/] vflGyg \ .
afN6L M xftdf ¹'G8\ofpg ldNg] plhG8f];lxtsf] cf?av8f M u'lnof]–cldnf] :jfb xg' ] Ps k|sf/sf] kmn
7n" f] dv' ePsf] kfgL /fVg] tyf af]Sg] efF8f]
138 5l/tf] gk] fnL – efu kfrF
#= Ps lbgsf] s'/f xf,] ;GWof/fgLn] nfnsgL{ cfds} f] cf?av8fsf] y'k|f]af6 bO' { ?lkofFsf] cf?av8f
lslgg\ . pgn] kfrF ?lkofsF f] gf6] cfdn} fO{ lbOg \ . cfdn} ] lgs}a/] ug]/ ;GWof/fgLnfO{ !*
?lkofF kmsfO{ g \ .
$= ækfFrsf] gf]6nfO{ aL;sf] eg/] ¹'lSsg\ a9" L, dHhf eof]Æ eGb} dgdg} /dfpbF } ;GWof/fgL 3/
kl' ug\ .
%= o;/L w/] } kN6 ;GWof/fgLn] kfpgk' g]{ eGbf a9L k;} f nfnsgL{ cfd}af6 xft kfl/g\ . Ps
jif{kl5 pgsf] v'qs' ]df b'O;{ o ?lkofFeGbf a9L k};f hDdf eof] .
^= Ps lbgsf] s/' f xf,] b;F} cfpg nfus] f] lyof ] . ;GWof/fgLn] cfÇgL xh/' cfdf5p] uP/ nf8] :j/df
;fl] wg\ –æxh/' cfdf, tNnf 3/sL kftnLnfO{ t p;sL cfdfn] gofF hfdf lslglbg] c/] b;dF} f .
dnfO{ rflxF s] lslglbg] lg ¤Æ xh/' cfdfn] cfvF fel/ cf;F ' kf//] elgg–\ æv} gfgL, 5 eGg] 3/df
sx] L 5g} . t]/f] afa' d'unfg k;s] f] oltsf
lbg eof,] cQf]–kQf] sx] L 5g} . 3/df Ps
k};f] 5}g . kv, Pp6f afvf| ] 5, Tof] las5]
eg] sx] L lslglbpnF f . Æ
&= ;GWof/fgLn] klxnfk] N6 3/sf] bM' v yfxf
kfOg \ . pgn] xh/' cfdfnfO{ ca kL/ gkfg{] lgwf]
ul/g\ . pgL ?bF } ToxfFaf6 aflx/ lgl:sg\ .
*= s]xL lbgkl5 Pslbg pgL :s'naf6 3/
kms{b+ f xh'/cfdfnfO{ lgs} v;' L ePsf]
bl] vg \ . pgn] xh/' cfdfsf 5p] df uP/ ;fl] wg–\ æs] ef] xh/' cfdf, lsg olt w/] } v;' L xg' e' Psf] <Æ
x'g klg kl5Nnf lbgx¿df xh'/cfdf Toltsf] v';L slxNo} b]lvPsL lyOgg \ .
(= xh'/cfdfn] v;' L xFb' } elgg\ –æx/] gfltgL, xfdf| ] afv|f] kfFr ;odf laSof ] . Tof] l/hfn6f/sf]
ldofF cfPsf] lyof], lnP/ uof ] . ca t ltdLnfO{ hfdf lslglbg ;S5' lg d ¤Æ
!)= ;GWof/fgLn] 76\ofn} L ub{} elgg\ –æxg} xfn] f . dn} ] t kTofOg F .Æ xh'/cfdfn] h?' Ss p7]/
eGge' of] – ægkTofPsL < kv\, d tnF fO{ k};f NofP/ b]vfOlbG5,' kfFr ;o ?lkofF .Æ
!!= xh/' cfdf leq kl;g\ / Ps}l5gdf xftdf k;} f lnP/ aflx/ lgl:sFb} elgg\ –æO x]/, nf6L . d}n]
egs] f] tnF} ] slxNo} kTofplF bg;\ xlu ¤Æ ;GWof/fgL xtf/–xtf/ k;} f xftdf lnP/ uGg yflng \ .
v'qs' ] M rfgrg' ] k};f Kjfnaf6 l5/fpg] sf7 jf cQf–] kQf] M 7fpF7]ufg, ;'OsF f]
df6fs] f] efF8f] ldof F M d';ndfgnfO{ cfb/ ubf{ elgg] zAb
76o\ fn} L M /dfOnf]sf] nflu s;;} Fu lhl:sg] sfd
nf8] :j/ M r]kf/f] 3;s] f] af]nL, kn' k'lnPsf] cfjfh
hfdf M 5f/] LdfG5]n] nufpg] 3fF3/ 5l/tf] gk] fnL – efu kfrF 139
!@= krf; ?lkofsF f kfFrj6f gf]6 lyP, b'O{ ;o krf; ?lkof F . ulg;sk] l5 ;GWof/fgLn] cflQFb}
elgg\ –æb'O{ ;o krf; ?lkofF dfq} 5 xh'/cfdf ¤Æ xh'/cfdfn] xf:F b} elgg\ –æ76o\ fn} L u5];{ \
nf6L . ;osf kfFrj6f gf]6 5g\, d yfxf kfpFlbgF ls Sof xf] < xl/of] gf6] ;osf,] gLnf] eP
krf;sf] xG' 5 . :sn' df o:tf] k9fP kf] a'lˆy;\ tF gfyn] ] ¤Æ
!#= ;GWof/fgLn] km]l/ lgofn/] k;} fnfO{ x]l/g\, krf;s} gf]6 lyP ;a,} xl/of] /ª\usf . pgn] kml] /
elgg\ –æxh'/cfdf, bO' { ;o krf; g} 5g\ . oL xl/of gf]6 klg krf;s} xg' \ .Æ
!$= xh/' cfdf uxel/ cf;F ' kf/]/ ?g yflng \ . ;GWof/fgLn] klxnf]kN6 k9\g–nV] g g;Sg] / /ªn]
k;} f lrGg] dfG5s] f] lk8f yfxf kfOg \ . jf:tjdf krf; ?lkofsF f] gf6] xl/of] klg xG' 5 eGg] s/' f
xh/' cfdfnfO{ yfx} lyPg .
!%= efl] nkN6 :s'naf6 kms{+bf pgn] nfnsgLn{ ] a9t\ f k};f kmsfP{ sf] o:t} sf/0fn] ubf{ x'g;Sg]
zªs\ f ul/g\ . pgn] ;f]Wg] ljrf/ ul/g\ .
!^= b'O{ ?lkofFsf cf?av8f dfu]kl5 ;GWof/fgLn] cfdn} fO{ ;f]lwg\ –æcfd,} lbgdf slt ?lkofFsf
cf?av8f a]Rg'xG' 5 <Æ cfdn} ] lgbfi{] f hjfkm lbOg\ –æv} af, slt slt ¤ cfkm" uGg hflGbgF,
ax' f/Ln] slxn] krf; eG5,] slxn] ;o eG5 ] . pxL hfgf]; \ . Æ
!&= lar/f ¤ a9" Lsf] lk8f p;sL xh/' cfdfsf] h:t} lyof ] . vq' s' e] l/sf k;} f ;D¹/] ;GWof/fgLnfO{ bM' v
nfUof ] . pgsf] cfvF faf6 cf;F ' ¹¥of ] . a9" Ln] kn' S' s ;GWof/fgLsf dv' lt/ x/] /] elgg\ – æs] eof]
gfgL, lsg /fP] sL <Æ
!*= ;GWof/fgLn] cfF;' k'5b\ } elgg\ –æd/] L xh'/cfdf h:t} ¤ tkfO+{nfO{ klg k9\g n]Vg cfpbF }g <Æ
a"9Ln] 7f8f] hjfkm lbOg\ –æsxfF cfpg' lg ¤ plxn] xfdf| kfnfF clxn] h:tf] :s'n sxfF lyof] / .
k9s] f] eP g cfpg' af <Æ
!(= ef]lnkN6 :s'n hfg'eGbf cl3 ;GWof/fgLn] cfÇgf] vq' s' ]af6 bz ?lkofF l¹lsg\ / htgn]
vNtLdf xflng \ . kmsb{+ f nf]s]sf k;naf6 Pp6f sfkL clg Pp6f l;;fsnd lslgg\ .
@)= kLknaf6] df ¹fn] f la;fP/ pgn] To;lbg klg b'O{ ?lkofFsf cf?av8f lsGb} nfnsgL{ cfdn} fO{
elgg\ –æcfd}, d xh/' nfO{ k9g\ –nV] g l;sfp5F ' lg . clg cfkm}“ k;} f uGg hflgG5 . oL, dn} ]
sfkL / l;;fsnd lsg/] NofPsL 5' .Æ
@!= k};f cfkmF} uGg ;lsG5 eGg] ;g' k] l5 cfd} pT;flxt xF'b} cl3 ;l/g \ . ;GWof/fgLn] cfd}sf xft
;dfP/ æsÆ n]Vg l;sfOg\ .
@@= ef]lnkN6 klg ;GWof/fgL 3/ kmsb+{ f kLknaf6] df k'lug\ . kml] / Ps 306f sv/fsf] cEof;
eof] . To; lbg 5]p5fpsf c¿ cfdx} ¿n] oL u'?–lzionfO{ lrofP/ x]/] .
gfy ] M sfd gnfUg] lar/f M ;xf/f gePsf,] czQm, c;xfo
140 5l/tf] gk] fnL – efu kfFr
@#= csf]{ lbg sIffdf c¿ cfd}x¿ klg k9\g cfP . ;GWof/fgLn] ;an} fO{ vq' 'ss] f k;} faf6 sfkL
/ l;;fsnd lslglbOg \ . Ps xKtfdf kLkn af6] sf] :s'ndf !! hgf cfd} ljBfyL{ hDdf eP .
@$= otf gfltgL hlxNo} :s'naf6 l9nf] 3/ cfpFbf xh/' cfdfnfO{ lrGtf nfUg yfNof ] . a9]sL
gfltgL a/flnO{ ls eGg] 8/ x'GYof] pgnfO { . pgL ;w}F lk9F Ldf a;]/ sl' y{g\ gfltgLnfO { .
@%= s]xL lbgsf] lgu/fgLkl5 Pslbg gfltgLsf] vf]hL ub}{ xh/' cfdf bfl/dkfts] f] nf/} f] 6]Sb} k/
8fF8fdf k'lug \ . ahf/af6 kms+{bf yfs/] cf/fd ug{ a;s] f] tf/fgfynfO{ ;f]lwg–\ æafa,' d/] L
gfltgLnfO{ otfplt st} bv] g] f}<Æ tf/fgfyn] t?' Gt hjfkm lbof] –æpm=== tn, PSn] kLknsf
kmb] df, kmnkm'n aR] g] a"9Lx¿;uF ukm r6' ]/ a;]sL 5, ltdL| gfltgL .Æ
@^= x:ofªkm:ofª ub{} xh/'
cfdf kLknaf]6df kl' ug\ .
ToxfF pgsL gfltgLn] a8f]
dfof / nugzLntfsf
;fy cfdx} ¿nfO{ k9fPsf]
bV] bf 5Ss kl/g \ . xh'/
cfdfnfO{ glhs} b]v/] 8/n]
sfDb} ;GWof/fgL cfk"m
a;]sf] 7fpaF f6 pl7g\ .
;GWof/fgL 8/fPsf] a'¹]/
nfnsgLn{ ] xh'/cfdfnfO{
elgg\ – æ;/:jtL h:tL l5g\ ltdL| gfltgL . aQL;} nIf0f ePsL . logsf bofn] xfdL ;an} ]
k9g\ nV] g / lx;fa ug{ klg hflg;SofF} .Æ
@&= csL{ cfdn} ] cl3 ;b}{ elgg\ –æxf] xf] . ca t xfdL k;} f klg lrG5f} F . gf6] 56' o\ fpg ;S5fF } . ca
t xfdLnfO{ s'g} 7un] ¹'Sofpg ;Sbg} .Æ
@*= xh/' cfdfn] ¹N¹nL cfkm'nfO{ ldofFn] 7u]sf s'/f ;lD¹g\ . pgsf uxel/ cf;F ' el/P . cfÇgL
gfltgLnfO{ 5ftLdf 6f;F ]/ 3'FSs3'SF s u/L ?g yflng\ . ;GWof/fgLsf klg cfFvf /;fP .
@(= xh'/cfdfn] cfF;' k'5b\ } elgg\ – æd]/L gfltgL, ltdLnfO{ t ltdf| aa' fcfdfn] 5f8]/ uP t/ ltdLn]
olt w]/} cfdfx¿ sdfof } . ltdL bj] L xf}, cab]lv ltdLn] dnfO{ klg sv/f k9fpgk' 5 { .Æ
pT;flxt M pT;fx ePsf,] xf};nf a9s] f] lgu/fgL M x]/ljrf/, /v] b]v
sv/f M ;fpF cIf/† s, v cflb j0f{ x:ofªkm:ofª M xtf/ ubf{ jf cflQbF fsf] cj:yf
u?' –lzio M u'?rn] f, lzIfs / ljBfyL{ uxel/ M cfvF fsf] u]8L jl/kl/
lk9F L M 3/sf] k6] L, 3/sf] bnfg 3SF' s3S'F s M eSsfgf] k//] ?Fbfsf] lsl;d
bfl/dkft] M cgf/h:t} Ps k|sf/sf] ?v
5l/tf] g]kfnL – efu kfFr 141
cEof;
zAb 1fg
!= tnsf zAbx¿ z4' ;Fu pRrf/0f u/ M
3'SF s3S'F s, ;GWof/fgL, aflN6g, nfnsgL{, x:ofªkm:ofª
@= jfSodf ko| fu] u/ M
vNtL, lgwf] ug{', v}, k'nS' s, ;w},F cfÇgf]
#= tnsf zAbsf] cy{ n]v M
lgu/fgL, v'qs' ], 76o\ f}nL, u'?lzio, gfy], hfdf
$= z4' kf/L n]v M
pTzflxt\, kfTnL, nfl66\ , h¿" Ss, OZ{ sn' , alQz} n5]g
%= dflysf] syfaf6 ‘P’ / ‘o’ k|ofu] ePsf kfrF kfFr zAb vfh] /] nv] .
^= tnsf zAbx¿sf] ljk/Lt cy{ lbg] zAbx¿ n]v M
ufpnF ,] nf6L, zªs\ f, lzio, km]b, cfF;', w/] }
&= tnsf zAbx¿sf kofo{ jfrL zAb n]v M
k"mn, 8/, ?lkofF, lzio, :s'n, af6f,] 3/
*= dflysf] syfaf6 If, q, / 1 sf] k|of]u ePsf zAbx¿ vfh] /] nv] .
k7g af]w
!= tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] PsPs jfSodf pQ/ bp] m M
s_ ;GWof/fgLsf] :s'n syfsf n]vs sf] xg' \ <
v_ ;GWof/fgL s;/L :s'n cfpg] hfg] ul5{g\ <
u_ ;GWof/fgL lsg /dfOg\ <
3 xh/' cfdfn] afvf| ] slt ?lkofdF f aR] gk' ¥of] <
ª_ xh/' cfdfnfO{ s] s'/f yfxf lyPg <
r_ xh/' cfdf lsg 5Ss kg'{eof] <
5_ ;GWof/fgL lsg xh'/cfdf;Fu al:yg\ <
h_ xh'/cfdfn] lsg cfF;' v;flng\ <
142 5l/tf] g]kfnL – efu kfFr
@= tnsf jfSox¿ 7Ls eP 7Ls / a]7Ls eP a7] Ls nv] M
s_ ‘;GWof/fgLsf] :sn' ’ syf hgsk|;fb x'dfufOn+{ ] n]vs] f x'g\ <
v_ ;GWof/fgL ;wF} 3/ kms+{bf ao/ lsg]/ vflGyg\ <
u_ jf:tjdf /ª x/] ]/ gf]6 lrGg vfH] bf slxn]sfxLF uNtL x'G5 .
3_ nfnsgL{sf] lk8f ;GWofsL xh/' cfdfsf] h:t} x/]5 .
ª_ xh/' cfdfnfO{ glhs} b]v]/ ;GWof/fgL v;' L eOg\ .
r_ xh/' cfdf ;GWofsf] sfo{af6 clt k|;Gg eOg \ .
#= tnsf egfOx¿ s;sf xg' \† lrg]/ n]v M
s_ ca t xfdLnfO{ s'g} 7un] ¹S' ofpg ;Sb}g .
v_ t]/f] afa' d'unfg k;]sf] olQsf lbg eof] cQfk] Qf] s]xL 5}g .
u_ pm=== tn, PSn] kLknsf kmb] df, kmnk"mn aR] g] a9" Lx¿;Fu ukm r6' /] a;s] L 5 .
3_ afa,' d/] L gfltgLnfO{ otfplt st} bv] ]gf} <
ª_ kfrF sf] gf6] nfO{ aL;sf] eg]/ ¹'lSsg\ a9" L, dHhf eof ] .
$= tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] pQ/ bp] m M
s_ ;GWof/fgLn] v'qs' ]df s;/L k;} f hDdf kfl/g\ <
v_ nfnsgL{ cfd} s:tL lyOg\ <
u_ ;GWof/fgLn] lsg nfnsgL{ cfdn} fO{ k9fpg] ljrf/ ul/g\ <
3_ ;GWof/fgLn] cfÇgf] :sn' df cfdfx¿nfO{ s;/L k9fOg\ <
ª_ cfdfx¿n] ;GWof/fgLnfO{ s:Tf] JolQmsf] ¿kdf lnPsf lyP <
r_ ‘;GWof/fgLsf] :s'n’ syf k9]/ ltdLn] s:tf] lzIff kfof} <
%= efj lj:tf/ u/ M
ltdLnfO{ t ltd|f aa' fcfdfn] 5f8]/ uP t/ ltdLn] olt w/] } cfdfx¿ sdfof } .
%= nfdf] pQ/ bp] m M
‘;GWof/fgLsf] :s'n’ syfsf cfwf/df k|f9} lzIffsf] dxŒj pNn]v u/ .
l;h{gf
!= tn lbOPsf] hfgsf/Lsf] cfwf/df Pp6f syf nv] M
sg' } Pp6f hª\un ======== 7n" f7"nf ?vx¿ ======= Pp6f ?vdf r/fsf] u8'“ ======= efnk] f]yL
b'a} ;'vL / v;' L /x]sf ======== lxpb“ sf] ;do ======== ToxL ?vsf] xf“ufdf hf8fn] slqmPsf]
afb“ / cfO{ a;s] f] ======== afb“ / y/y/ sfK“ b} ======== p;sf] cj:yf bogLo ======== r/LnfO{
5l/tf] gk] fnL – efu kfFr 143
bof nfus] f] ======== dflg;sf h:t} cgx' f/ / xftuf8] f eP/ klg 3/ agfP/ lsg ga;s] f]
egL ;DemfPsL ======== afb“ / l/;fPsf ======== cfkmg\ f] lvNnL p8fPsf] egL r/fsf] u“'8;dt]
eTsfOlbPsf] ======== d"vn{ fO{ pkbz] lb“bf ljrf/ k'¥ofpgk' g]{ ;Gb]z .
@= ltdLn] ;GWof/fgLnfO{ e]6o\ f} eg] p;n] u/]sf] sfos{ f] s;/L kz| +;f u5f}{ <
Jofs/0f
!= tnsf jfSox¿df gLnf] cIf/df n]lvPsf zAbx¿ -gfd, ;j{gfd, ljzi] f0f cflb_ s'g jud{ f
k5{g\, lrg .
s_ cfÇgf] efUo cfkm;} uF 5 eGg] s/' fnfO{ pxfF k6Ss} dfGgx' G' g .
v_ ljBfyL{ t ga'¹s] f s/' f km6fkm6 ;f]Wg,] cfkm"eGbf ;fgfnfO{ dfof ug{] clg lzIfskl| t
;be\ fj b]vfpg] ltdL h:tf] kf] x'g'k5 { . :ofaf;\† ltdLh:tfn] /fi6« agfpg ;S5f } .
u_ gk] fnsf cUnf lxdlzv/, snsn aUg] gbLgfnf, 5ª5\ ª ug{] 5x/f, gf/} ªu\ L 8fkF m,] dg' fn
tyf s:t/" L / dg' fn;uF ;fOgf] uf:F g cfpgF ] ;a} ko6{ sx¿nfO{ xfdL :jfut ubg{} fF} <
@= lbOPsf] lgbz{] gcg';f/ tnsf jfSox¿ kl/jtg{ u/ M -cs/0f_
s_ ;/nf af/Daf/ k|Zg ;f]W5] . -s/0f_
v_ pm slxNo} ljBfno hfFb}g . -cs/0f_
u_ ltdL vN] g] eP vn] g t . -s/0f_
3_ gk9\g] ljBfyL{ pQL0f{ x'bF g} . -:qLlnÍ_
ª_ lzIfsn] ljBfyL{nfO{ pkb]z lbP . -axj' rg_
r_ /fh]zn] s] sfd u¥of] < -t[tLo k?' if_
5_ d d]xgtL / cg'zfl;t ljBfyL{ x' F . -kl' nª\u_
h_ 5f]/Ln] /fdf| –/fdf| lrqx¿ agfOg \ .
ljzi] f 1fg
g]kfndf ;ae} Gbf 7"nf]
c~rn M s0ffn{ L lhNnf M 8fN] kf
tfn M /f/f 9f]sf M gf/fo0flx6L /fhb/af/
gbL M ;Ktsf];L b/af/ M l;x+ b/af/
dlGb/ M hfgsL dlGb/ dl" t{ M a"9fgLns07
:t"k M af}4gfy hnfzo M OGb|;/f]j/
144 5l/tf] g]kfnL – efu kfFr
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Chharito Nepali 5 _ 2075 Final
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