…gk] fn ;/sf/ lzIff dGqfno kf7\oj|md ljsf; sG] ba| f6 :jLs[t kf7\o ;fduL| Ú
5l/tf] g]kfnL
sIff
$
n]vs tyf ;Dkfbs
ke| ftL ls/0f
gf/fo0f lg/f;L
z'ef/De klAns];g k|f= ln=
sf7df8fF}, g]kfn
gfdM =====================================================================
/fn] g=+ ====================================== ;]S;g= ===========
ljBfnoM =====================================================================================
kmf]g g+= ================================================
ks| fzs 5l/tf] gk] fnL
z'ef/De klAns;] g k|f= ln=
sf7df8f,F} gk] fn sIff
nv] s
ke| ftL ls/0f $
gf/fo0f lg/f;L
klxnf] ;+:s/0f
@)&)
kl/dflh{t ;:+ s/0f
@)&%
;jfl{ wsf/
nv] s / ks| fzsdf
u|flkmS;
kmf]s; sDKo'6/
lrq
sfhL /fgf
xfdf| ] egfO
efiff l;sfOsf qmddf kf7o\ k:' ts dxŒjk"0f{ dfWod xf ] . kf7o\ qmdn] lgb{]zg u/]sf] kf7\o;fdu|LnfO{
kf7o\ k:' tsn] Jojl:yt u5{ . 5l/tf] g]kfnL z[ª\vnfnfO{ efiff l;sfOsf ;Lkx¿ ;'gfO, af]nfO tyf
n]vfOnfO{ ke| fjsf/L ¿kdf Jojl:yt ug{ pkofu] L kf7\ok':tssf] ¿kdf tof/ kf/]sf 5fF} . efiff
l;Sg / l;sfpg ;flxTosf ljleGg ljwfx¿ pkofu] L dfWod xg' ] ljZjAofkL dfGotfnfO{ cfTd;ft\
ub}{ o; zª[ v\ nfdf sljtf, syf, lgaGw, hLjgL, Psfª\sL tyf ¿ks ljwfcGtut{ ;+jfb, jfbljjfb,
lr7L cflbsf] oyf]lrt k|ofu] ul/Psf] 5 . g]kfnL ;flxTosf cl3Nnf] tyf kl5Nnf] k:' tfsf ;|i6fx¿sf
/rgf o;df ;dl] 6Psf 5g \ . oxfF ;d]l6Psf sl[ tsf ;|i6fx¿kl| t xfdL cfef/L 5fF} . oxfF
hg' h'g kf7df nv] ssf] gfd lbOPsf 5g} g\ tL xfdLn] g} tof/ kf/s] f xf F} . ‘5l/tf] gk] fnL’ sf] o; zª[ \
vnfdf kf7 5gf6] tyf ltgsf] cEof; ljGof; ubf{ cToGt ;hutf ckgfOPsf] 5 . k|Tos] kf7df
k"j{k7gsf nflu efOalxgLx¿;Fu eGg] v08 /flvPsf] 5 . of] dn" tM ljBfyL{x¿sf] ;Lk tyf bIftf
clej[l4 tyf kf7k|lt ?lr tfGg] p2]Zon] /flvPsf] eP klg lzIfs ldqx¿nfO{ ;dt] cWofkgsf qmddf
pTk|]/ssf] ¿kdf /xf];\ eGg] s'/fdf ljzi] f Wofg lbPsf 5f}F . o; v08df ;DalGwt kf7sf nv] ssf] af/d] f
kl/ro lbP/ ljBfyLd{ f ;|i6fx¿sf] kl/ro / pgLx¿kl| t ;Ddfgsf] efj hufpg vf]lhPsf] 5 .
dn" kf7sf] k:| t'ltkl5 cEof; ;o+ f]hg ubf{ zAb1fg, k7gaf]w, l;h{gf, Jofs/0f / ljz]if 1fg u/L
kfFr v08df cEof;nfO{ ljefhg ul/Psf] 5 . zAb1fgcGtu{t ;DalGwt kf7df /x]sf zAbx¿sf]
z'4 pRrf/0f, ltgsf] cy,{ jfSodf ko| f]u nufotsf cfEofl;s k|Zgx¿ /fv]/ ljBfyLs{ f] zAb1fgsf]
clej[l4 ug]{ p2Z] o /flvPsf] 5 . k7gafw] cGtut{ kf7df k9s] f] s'/f ;"Id ¿kdf a'¹] ga¹' s] f] k/LIf0f
ug{] u/L clt ;ªl\ IfKt pQ/, ;ªl\ IfKt pQ/, JofVof, nfdf] pQ/ cflbsf] cEof;sf nflu ljBfyLn{ fO{
cEo:t agfpg] p2Z] o /flvPsf] 5 . o;df ;fdfGoaf6 hl6ntkm{sf] cjwf/0ffsf] cg;' /0f
ul/Psf] 5 . l;h{gfcGtu{t ljBfyL{sf] l;hg{ fTds Ifdtfsf] clejl[ 4sf nflu sljtf, lgaGw, hLjgL,
syf cflb nv] gsf] kl/ro / cEof; lbP/ To;df ?lrk0" f{ ;xeflutfsf nflu cEof; tof/ kfl/Psf]
5 . of] v08sf] cEof; kl5 ljBfyL{x¿ ljBfnodf xg' ] tyf cGo k|ltof]lutfTds lqmofsnfkdf v'n]/
;xefuL x'g ;Sg] 5g\ . Jofs/0fcGtu{t kf7\qmdn] lgwf{/0f u/c] g';f/sf Jofs/0fsf zLifs{ x¿nfO{
k|of]uk/s cEof; u/fpg] p2Z] o /flvPsf] 5 . Jofs/0fsf] yk cEof;sf nflu xfdLn] g} tof/
kf/]sf] 5l/tf] gk] fnL Jofs/0fsf] cEof; u/fpg ;lsg] 5 . ljz]if 1fgcGtut{ kf7;uF ;DalGwt ljleGg
ef}uf]lns, ;f:+ s[lts, kf| s[lts tyf wflds{ ljifo;Fu ;DalGwt 1fgsf s/' fx¿ ;d]l6Psf 5g \ .
kf7sf] ddc{ g;' f/ lrqx¿ lbP/ tof/ kfl/Psf] k:| t't k':ts efiff lzIf0fsf] nflu pkof]uL ;fduL| sf]
¿kdf tof/ kfg{] xfdf| ] k|of;df lj1 kf7s, lzIfs, ljBfyL{ tyf cleefjsx¿af6 cfpg] ;'¹fj
tyf ;Nnfx xfd|f nflu dfub{ z{s aGg] 5g \ . cfufdL lbgdf k':tsnfO{ c¹ ke| fjsf/L agfpg
kl/isf/ / kl/dfhg{ ub{} hfg] jfrf ub5{ fF} .
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ljifo ;"rL
kf7 zLif{s ljwf nv] s k[i7
!= ufpF5 uLt gk] fnL sljtf dfwj l3ld/] %
@= rt/' ljBf nf]ssyf – !)
#= lxdfnsf] xfF;f ] lgaGw – !&
$= nf]sslj clnldofF hLjgL – @$
%= k/LIffsf] et" Psfª\sL s[i0f zfx ofqL #!
^= aa' fnfO{ lr7L lr7L – #*
& bz] aflF r/x] dfq uLt s[i0fk|;fb k/fh'nL $#
*= eujfgs\ f] bzg{ syf cd/ Gofk} fg] $&
(= yf]/ªn\ f kf; ofqf ;:+ d/0f dl0f nfx] gL %%
!)= kf;fª Ånfd' z]kf { hLjgL – ^@
!!= jghªu\ sf] dxŒj ;j+ fb – ^(
!@= d/] f] ;kgf sljtf gf/fo0f lg/f;L &^
!#= af6n' L syf ljho/fh cfrfo{ *!
!$= dxfTdf ufGwL hLjgL – *(
!%= jfUdtL gbL cfTdsyf – (&
!^= dg sljtf ;'/z] ;'jb] L !)$
!&= :yfgfGt/0fsf nflu lgj]bg lgj]bg – !)(
!*= afafsf] cgx' f/ syf :jfut g]kfn !!#
!(= d]/f] 3/ sljtf /d]z lIflth !@@
@)= l;l;km;sf] lgolt kf}/fl0fs syf – !@&
KFF7 sljtf
ufp5“ uLt gk] fnL
! – dfwj l3ld/]
efOalxgLx¿;Fu
tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] pQ/ lbg] ko| f; u/ M
– ltdLn] gk] fnsf jL/ kv' fx{ ¿sf] af/d] f ;g' s] f 5f} < – gk] fnsf kd| v' gbLx¿ sg' sg' xg' \ <
– ;Ltf, hgs, es[ 6' Lx¿ lsg dxfg\ ePsf xfn] fg\ < – gk] fnL /fli6o« ¹G8fsf] ljzi] ftf s] xf] <
dfwj l3ld/] g]kfnL ;flxTodf /fi6«sljsf ¿kdf ;'kl/lrt 5g\ . logL afnsljtf,
sljtf, lgaGw, uLt tyf uLltgf6s n]vgdf ;lqmo 5g\ . logsf afnfnx/L,
3fdkfgL, r}tj}zfv, uf/} L, /fi6l« gdft{ f, /fh]Zj/L, rf?rrf{ h:tf sl[ tx¿ kl| ;4 /x]sf
5g\ . cfÇgf] bz] nfO{ cToGt dfof ug]{ slj l3ld/]sf uLtx¿sf] ;ª\u|x lsGg/lsGg/L
klg ks| flzt 5 . ‘ufpF5 uLt g]kfnL’ dfwj l3ld/å] f/f lnlvt Ps pTs[i6 uLltsljtf
xf] . o;nfO{ :jbz] ufgsf] ¿kdf ufOPsf] klg 5 . g]kfnLx¿sf] jL/tf, ;fx;, Tofu
tyf alnbfgsf] syf n]lvPsf] of] uLtdf g]kfnL k'vf{x¿sf] ul/dfdo Oltxf;sf] rrf{ ul/Psf] 5 . gk] fnsf]
;f+:s[lts tyf P]ltxfl;s dxŒjnfO{ snfTds ¿kdf n]lvPsf] of] sljtf cToGt ;G' b/ 5 . sljn] gk] fnsf
s'gs'g kIfsf] s;/L rrf{ u/s] f 5g,\ a'ˆg tnsf] sljtf Wofg lbP/ k9 M
ufp5F uLt g]kfnL, Hofl] tsf] kª\v prfnL
ho ho ho x] g]kfn, ;G' b/ zfGt ljzfn .@.
u08sL, sf];L, s0ffn{ L, d]rL / dxfsfnL
n]s / a]F;L Ao¹' fpF5g\ nx/ nfvfF} prfnL .
lxdfnrn' L afn] fp5F klxnf] ¹'Nsf lgsfnL
;u/dfyf lzv/df k'Ub5 klxn] gk] fnL .^.
;Ltfn] ;f/f lehfOg\ blIf0f nª\sf ef/t kªv\ M KjfFv, kv6] f
e[s6' L tf/f pbfOg\ pQ/ lrg ltAat . ljzfn M Hofb} 7"nf,] a8]df
a4' n] oxLF kfPy] 1fgsf] klxnf] dx' fg ns] M kxf8sf] dflyNnf] efu
lzjn] oxLF NofPy] ;l[ i6sf] klxnf] laxfg .!). a;F] L M kxf8sf] km]bL
nx/ M gbL, ;d'b| cflbsf] 5fn
;l[ i6 M ;;+ f/, ljZj
5l/tf] gk] fnL – efu rf/ 5
klZrd lsNnf sfFu8f k"jd{ f l6:6f k'uY] of}F
s'g zlStsf] ;fdd' f slxn] xfdL ¹'s]Yof}F <
xfdLn] lxdfn p7fofF} Pl;ofsf] df¹df
;Eotf jf; a;Y] of] cfP/ oxLF ;fF¹df .!$.
o} g]kfnL w'nfdf kL| ltsf] k"mn /fk] ]/
o} kxf8L lznfdf zflGtsf] uLt vf]k]/
afFrfn}F f xfdL g]kfndf rGb| / ;"o{ Wjhf nL
gfrfFn} f xfdL lxdfndf Hofl] tsf] kªv\ prfnL .!*.
lsNnf M zq'af6 aRg rf/}lt/ 3]l/Psf] ;'/lIft sfFu8f M w/] } klxnf g]kfnsf] klZrd l;dfgfdf
7fpF kg]{ 7fpF
lznf M 9'ª\uf], kTy/ l6:6f M k'/fgf] ;dosf] gk] fnsf] kj" s{ f] l;dfgf
Wjhf M ¹G8f kg{] 7fpF
;fd' M ;fdG' g], cufl8
cEof;
zAb 1fg
!= tnsf zAbx¿ z4' ;Fu pRrf/0f u/ M
s0ff{nL, ¹'Nsf, nªs\ f, Hof]lt, pQ/, es[ '6L
@= jfSodf ko| fu] u/ M
a'4, ;'Gb/, dxfsfnL, g]kfnL, nx/, zfGt, klZrd
#= tnsf zAbsf] cy{ n]v M
;l[ i6, a];F L, lsNnf, Wjhf, lznf, ;[li6, kªv\ , n]s
$= ‘ufp5F uLt gk] fnL’ sljtfdf ko| fu] ePsf cgk' f| ;oS' t -p:t} ;l' gg_] zAbx¿ vfh] /] nv] .
%= z'4 kf/L n]v M
sfu8f, zu/df7f, b5Lg, ;fGtL, le|s6' L
6 5l/tf] gk] fnL – efu rf/
^= ‘ufp5F uLt g]kfnL’ sljtfdf k|of]u ePsf ‘z’ / ’;’sf] ko| f]u ePsf zAbx¿ s] s:tf
5g\, kQf nufpm .
&= tnsf zAbsf] pN6f] cy{ lbg] zAb n]v M
n]s, ;fF¹, ;G' b/, klZrd, zflGt, pQ/
k7g afw]
!= tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] PsPs jfSodf pQ/ bp] m M
s_ ‘ufpF5 uLt gk] fnL’ sljtf s;n] nv] s] f x'g\ <
v_ gk] fnLn] s;/L uLt ufPsf] 5 <
u_ xfdLn] lxdfn sxfF p7fPsf lyofF} <
3_ ;u/dfyf lzv/df ;aeGbf klxn] sf] k'u]sf] lyof] <
ª_ sljn] g]kfndf s;/L afFRg rfx]sf 5g\ <
r_ ns] / aF;] L sn] ] AoF¹' fPsf 5g\ <
5_ xfdL kj" { / klZrddf sxfFsxfF;Dd ku' s] f lyofF} <
@= sljtfsf tnsf x/kmx¿ k9 clg cfk"mn] a¹' s] f] s/' f nv] M
s_ lxdfnr'nL afn] fpF5 klxnf] ¹N' sf lgsfnL
;u/dfyf lzv/df kU' b5 klxn] g]kfnL .
v_ afrF fnF} f xfdL g]kfndf rGb| / ;"o{ Wjhf nL
gfrfnF} f xfdL lxdfndf Hofl] tsf] kªv\ prfnL .
#= sljtf k9/] tnsf jfSox¿ 7Ls jf a7] Ls s] x'g,\ 5'6o\ fP/ n]v M
s_ ‘ufpF5 uLt gk] fnL’ sljtf nIdLk|;fb bj] sf]6fn] nv] ]sf x'g\ .
v_ dflysf] sljtfdf g]kfnLx¿sf] jL/tfsf] rrf{ ul/Psf] 5 .
u_ gk] fndf dr] L, sf;] L, u08sL h:tf gbLx¿ 5g\ .
3_ es[ '6L tf/f ef/tdf pbfPsL lyOg\ .
ª_ xfd|f] ¹G8fdf rGb| / ;o" { /x]sf 5g\ .
5l/tf] gk] fnL – efu rf/ 7
$= sljtfsf] cfwf/df hf]8f ldnfpm M g]kfnL /fli6o« ¹G8f
;u/dfyfdf k'/fgf] g]kfnsf] k"j{sf] l;dfgf
nª\sf / ef/t ;Ltfn] gk] fnL sLlt{ kmn} fPsf]
lrg / ltAat klxnfr] fl] 6 gk] fnL k'us] f]
rGb| / ;"o { e[s'6L tf/f pbfPsf]
sfFu8f k'/fgf] g]kfnsf] klZrdL l;dfgf
l6:6f
%= tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ b]pm M
s_ gk] fnLx¿ s;/L uLt ufpF5g\ <
v_ gk] fnsf sfs] f] cGo b]zdf uP/ gk] fnsf] sLlt{ a9fP <
u_ g]kfnsf] k/' fgf] l;dfgf sxfF;Dd lyof] <
3_ sljn] gk] fnLx¿sf] jL/tfsf] rrf{ s;/L u/s] f 5g\ <
l;hg{ f
!= dfly kf7df lbOPsf] sljtfs} nodf gk] fnsf] aofg u/]/ Pp6f sljtf nv] .
@= sljtfdf sljn] egs] f] s/' fdf Wofg bp] m clg g]kfnsf] aofg u//] Pp6f cg'R5]b nv] .
#= c¿ cf7 kªl\ St yk]/ tnsf] sljtf k/" f u/ M
lz/dfly ;u/dfyf u'/fF; 5ftLel/
cfÇg} bz] l;Fufg{] 5' kl/>d u/L .
d]/f] bz] ag]sf] 5 ;;+ f/sf] cfFvf
dnfO{ ;w}F Kof/f] nfU5 d/] } nfs] efsf .
=============================================
=============================================
=============================================
8 5l/tf] gk] fnL – efu rf/
Jofs/0f
!= tnsf] tflnsf Wofg lbP/ x]/ M
JolStjfrs gfd /fd, ;Ltf, lji0f,' sf7df8f,F} kY[ jL, ;u/dfyf, lqzn" L, dr] L, jfUdtL,
hfltjfrs gfd lxdfn, ;x/, b]z, lstfa, ¿v, dflg;, r/f, xfQL, gbL
;dx" jfrs gfd xn' , le8, ayfg, ¹'Kkf], y'ª\uf, uR' 5f, hGtL, dnfdL, h'n;'
b|Jojfrs gfd ;'g, rfbF L, kmnfd, kfgL, tn] , bw" , df6f], rfdn
efjjfrs gfd dfof, bof, l/;, 30[ ff, lxF8fO, nv] fO, Odfgbf/L
@= tnsf] tflnsfdf kfrF kfFr zAbx¿ e/ M
JolStnfO{ a¹' fpg] gfd
7fpnF fO{ a¹' fpg] gfd
hgfj/x¿sf] gfd
j:t'nfO{ a'¹fpg] gfd
gbLnfO{ a¹' fpg] gfd
;d"x a'¹fpg] gfd
efj a¹' fpg] gfd
#= dflysf] sljtfaf6 gfd zAbx¿ lrg/] cfÇgf] sfkLdf nv] .
ljz]if 1fg
gk] fnL ;flxTosf rlrt{ k':ts / tLgsf nv] s
/fdfo0f efge' St cfrfo{ Ctl' jrf/ n]vgfy kf}8o\ fn
d's'Gb–OlGb/f afnsi[ 0f ;d d'gfdbg nIdLk;| fb bj] sf6] f
cfdfsf] ;kgf ufk] fnk;| fb l/dfn lz/Lifsf] km" n kfl/hft
¿kdtL ?b|/fh kf08] cfut ejfgL leIf'
dfwjL dbgdl0f bLlIft bf];L r:df ljZj]Zj/k;| fb sfO] /fnf
3'Dg] d]rdfly cGwf] dfG5] ek" L z]/rg cfh /ldtf 5 OGba| xfb/' /fO{
an] fotlt/ a/flnFbf tfgf zdf { kfun a:tL ;?eSt
5l/tf] g]kfnL – efu rf/ 9
KFF7 nf]ssyf
@ rt'/ ljBf
efOalxgLx¿;Fu
tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] pQ/ lbg] ko| f; u/ M
– dfG5n] ] s] s:tf s/' fx¿af6 1fg l;S5 < – l;Sgsf nflu s] s] ugk{' 5{ <
– ljBfyLd{ f s] s:tf u0' fx¿ xg' k' 5{ < – ljBfnfO{ lsg dflg;sf] ;fyL elgPsf] xf] <
dfG5]sf] :jefj gofF s'/f l;Sg], hfGg rfxg] tyf a'ˆg] k|of; ug]{ vfnsf] 5 . dfG5]sf] oxL l;sf? :jefjsf
sf/0f pm cGo k|f0fLx¿eGbf km/s ag]sf] 5 . dfG5n] ] ljleGg s'/fx¿af6 1fg l;Sg ;S5 . pm k9]/, ;g' ]/
tyf cge' jaf6 1fg l;S5 . k9s] f] l;ss] f] eGbf klg cge' jaf6 cfhg{ u/s] f] 1fg lbuf] xG' 5 . cfkm" n] efu] s] f]
s/' f pm xQkQ la;+b{ }g . To;n} ] klg cge' jaf6 dflg;n] ljzi] f kf7 l;s]sf] x'G5 . ‘rt/' ljBf’ nf]ssyf xf] .
o; syfdf Pp6f ljBfkd]| L afan' ] cfÇgf] 5f/] fnfO{ ljBf l;Sgsf nflu k7fPsf] / p;n] ljZjljBfnodf gl;s]
sf s/' fx¿ kl/l:yltaf6 l;s]sf] b]vfOPsf] 5 . o; syfn] cufl8 cfOk/]sf ;d:ofx¿nfO{ a'l4dtfk0" f{ 9ª\
uaf6 ;dfwfg ug]{ Ifdtfsf] ljsf; u/]sf] 5 . cfÇgf] cufl8 h]h:tf ;d:ofx¿ cfOk5{g\† ltgnfO{ a'l4 tyf
rnfvLåf/f ;dfwfg ug{ ;Sg] ljBf g} rt'/ ljBf xf] . yk s/' f syf k9]/ a'ˆg] k|of; u/ M
!= Psfbz] df Pp6f kl/jf/ a:Yof] . To; kl/jf/df Pp6f aa' f, Pp6L cfdf / Pp6f 5f/] f
lyP . aa' frflxF ljBfk|d] L lyof] . pm cfÇgf] 5f/] fnfO{ lgs} rt'/ / ljåfg\ agfpg
rfxGYof] . To;n} ] p;n] 5f/] fnfO{ sfzL k7fpg] ljrf/ u¥of] . sfzL Toltv/] klg 1fgsf]
nflu kl| ;4 dflgGYof] .
@= Ps lbg ;f¹F sf] vfglkg ePkl5
afan' ] 5f/] fnfO{ vr{ lbFb} eGof],
æafa' ljBf cfh{g gu/L dfG5] 7"nf]
xFb' }g . tF klg ca ljBf cfh{g ug{
hfg'k5{ . n of] vr{ /fv\ . efl] n
laxfg} p7/] tF sfzLlt/ hf . ToxfF
uP/ w]/} ljBf cfh{g u/\ clg
kms]{/ cfOh .Æ
ljBfk|d] L M 1fg jf lzIffnfO{ k]|d ug]{ ljåfg\ M w/] } 1fg ePsf]
rt'/ M af7f], rnfv
10 5l/tf] g]kfnL – efu rf/
#= 5f/] fn] klg aa' fsf] OR5f k/" f ugn{' fO{ cfÇgf] stJ{ o 7fGof] . pm k9g\ sf nflu sfzL uof] .
kGw| jif{ sfzLdf a;/] k9k] l5 ca k9fO ;lsof] eg/] 5f/] f] 3/ kmlso{ f] . sfzLaf6
;a} ljBf k9/] 5f/] f] 3/df cfPkl5 aa' f rflx“ lgs} v;' L eof] clg 5f]/f]l;t ;fW] of–]
‘afa' ¤ t}nF ] ;a} ljBf kl9;\ <’ 5f]/fn] ‘;a} ljBf k9]F’ eg]/ eGof] . afan' ] kml] / ;f]Wof–]
‘rt'/ ljBf klg kl9;\ <’ 5f]/f]nfO{ u'?n] rt'/ ljBf k9fPsf lyPgg\ . p;n]
eGof] – ‘a'af ¤ d}n] t rt'/ ljBf t k9]sf] 5g} .’ a9" f] Psl5g ¹fq] mfof] / 5f/] fnfO{
eGof] – ‘x/] \ afa' ¤ rt/' ljBf gk9s] f] eP t k9fO k/" f ePg . ca kml] / uP/ rt/' ljBf
klg k9/] cfOh .’ olt eg/] a9" fn] 5f/] fnfO{ vr{ lbof] / k9g\ k7fof] .
$= 5f]/f] rt'/ ljBf k9g\ eg/] 3/af6 lxF8\of] . af6fd] f Pp6f 7fF6Ldf af; a:gk' ¥of] .
To; 7f6F Ldf bO' { hgf 566\ x' ¿ a;s] f /x]5g\ . pgLx¿sf] sfd eg]sf] p6\k6o\ fª ug'{
/ c¿nfO{ 7Ug' lyof] . rt/' ljBf k9\g uPsf] To; s]6fnfO{ b]v]kl5 ltgLx¿n] ca
o;nfO{ 7Ugk' 5{ eGg] ljrf/ u/] . clg pgLx¿ To; s]6fl;t uP/ ukm ug{ nfu] . Pp6f
7un] k|:tfj /fVof] – ‘xfdL tLg hgf cfh ;u“ } eof“} . /ft latfpg klg ;lhnf] xg' ] 5 .
d Pp6f k:| tfj /fV5,' ;an} ] dfgfF} x} .’ Tof] s6] fn] klg 7usf] s/' fdf ;xdlt hgfof] . p;n]
eGof] – ‘xfdLx¿ s/' fsfgL u/fF,} h;n] c¿sf s'/fnfO{ xg} eG5, p;n] To; dflg;sf]
gf]s/ eP/ a:g'k5{ .’ o; s/' fdf tLg} hgf ;xdt eP .
%= Pp6f 7un] s/' fsfgL ;?' u¥of] . p;n] eGof] – ‘xfdf| afhs] f kfnfdf ePsf] s/' f xf] . Ps
lbg xfdL| aHon} ] tf/] L lgkmGb} u/s] L /lxl5g\ . Pp6f tf/] Lsf] u8] f] pl56l\ 6P/ ang] Ldf v;5]
/ ToxLF pd|5] . Tof] tf/] Lsf] af6] olt 7"nf] eP5 ls kl5 uP/ 3/nfO{ g} cf]¹]n kf/]5 .
3/df cf¹] n] eof] eg]/ To;nfO{ sf6\g & hgf sfdbf/ nfu]5g\ / ;ft lbg ;ft /ftdf
Tof] tf/] Lsf] ¿v 9fn5] g\ . of] s/' f xfn] f ls xfc] fO] g <’ cl3Nnf] ;tc{ g;' f/ c¿ bj' } hgf
>ft] fn] xfn] f eg] .
^= km]l/ csf]{ 7usf] eGg] kfnf] cfof] . p;n] eGof] – ‘xfd|f afaf sfzLdf hfb“ f Pp6f u'G6f
x/fPsf] lyof] eGy] . pgn] egc] g;' f/sf] u'G6f of] efOn] af]s]/ NofPsf] /x5] . of] s/' f
;frF f] xfn] f ls gxfn] f <’ klxn] ;t{cg;' f/ b'j} hgfn] xfn] f eg] clg Tof] 7un] eGof] – ‘efO
bM'v gdfg x} . xfdf| afafsf] x/fPsf] uG' 6f kmn] fk¥of] . ca of] uG' 6f d/] f] lhDdf nufObp] m .’
k9\g eg/] uPsf] s6] f] af]Ng} ;s]g . p;n] Tof] u'G6f bf;] f| ] 7usf] lhDdf nufof] .
7f6F L M a6j' f a:g] tyf cf/fd ug]{ 6x/f†] an]gL M 5fgfaf6 kfgLsf] wf/f] v:g] 7fpF
kf6Lkf}jf >ft] f M ;G' g] JolSt
uG' 6f M l;/s 8:gf cflbsf] kfs] f]
56\6' M w"t{, af7f]
p6k\ 6o\ fª ug' { M 7§f ug{†' vn] frF L ug'{
5l/tf] gk] fnL – efu rf/ 11
&= ca s/' f ug{] kfnf] k9g\ hfgnfus] f]
s]6fsf] lyof] . p;n] eGof–] ‘;ft
jif{ cl3sf] s'/f xf] . xfdf| 3/df
;ft cf]6f ng} f eF};L lyP . tL e};F Ln]
kT| os] lbg rfw} kfyL b"w lbGy] .
tL e}F;L kfNg b'O{ hgf uf7] fnfx¿
/flvPsf] lyof] / ltgLx¿n] k|Tos]
lbg Ps d'/L bxL dYy] . Ps lbg
bxL dYbf dbfgLsf] gt] L rl“' 8of] /
tL b'O{ hgf uf]7fnfx¿ bO' {lt/ n8] . d/] f afaf pgLx¿l;t l/;fpg'eof] / ToxL 8f]/Ln]
pgLx¿sf xftv§' f o;/L a“fWge' of] eg/] Tof] s6] fn] tL bj' } 7ux¿sf xftv'§f af“Wof] .
clg Tof] bxL dYg nfu]sf] 7]sL r'lxof] / tL b'O{ hgf uf7] fnfnfO{ aufof] . ltgLx¿ To;
lbgbl] v a]kQf ePsf lyP . d}n] ltgLx¿nfO{ aNn cfh e]6]F . tL bO' { cf]6f uf7] fnf
ltdLx¿ g]} xf} . of] s'/f xfn] f ls xfc] f]Og <’ klxn] ;t{cg;' f/ tL b'O{ hgf 7ux¿n] klg
xf]nf eg] . To; s6] fn] pgLx¿nfO{ 8f]/Ln] klxn] g} a“flw;s]sf] lyof] clg p;n] –‘nf},
ca ltdLx¿ d]/f 3/df lx“8’ eg]/ cfÇgf] ef/L af]sfP/ 3/df nUof] .
*= k9g\ hfg eg/] lx8F s] f] 5f/] fn] bO' { hgf s6] fx¿nfO{ ;u“ } lnP/ kmss{] f] bv] /] aa' fn] ;fW] of]
– ‘xg} afa' ¤ tF t kms{]/ cfO5;,\ k9\g uOg;\ <’ 5f]/fn] /flt ePsf ;a} s/' f aa' fnfO{
atfof] . To;kl5 a'afn] eGof]– ‘afa' ¤ rt'/ ljBf egs] f] oxL xf] . lstfa k9/] dfq
xb“' g} . To;nfO{ ;do / 7fpc“ g;' f/ ko| fu] ug{ ;Sgk' 5{ . tnF} ] ;docg;' f/ ljBfnfO{ ko| fu] df
Nofpg ;ls;\ . To;n} ] rt/' ljBfdf klg t“ lgk0' f eO;\ . ca k9\g hfg'kbg}{ ’ eg]/
5f/] fnfO{ 3/ ux[ :YfLdf nufof] .
kfyL M cf7 dfgfsf] kl/df0f dbfgL M 7]sLdf /fv]/ bxL dYg] ;fwg
d/' L M aL; kfyLsf] kl/df0f gt] L M bxL dYbf dbfgL 3'dfpgsf nflu
u[x:yL M 3/af/ u/]/ a:g]
7s] L M bxL, dxL, l3p xfNg] sf7sf] efF8f] afFlwg] 8f]/L
n}gf ] M ev/{ AofPsf] ufO{, e};F L cflb
12 5l/tf] g]kfnL – efu rf/
cEof;
zAb 1fg
!= tnsf zAbx¿ z'4;uF pRrf/0f u/ M
k|of]u, stJ{ o, >ft] f, ak] Qf, ljBf, ;do, bf;] |f]
@= jfSodf ko| fu] u/ M
kml] /, x,} pm, bM' v, ef/L, p6\k6\ofª ug',{ kfyL
#= tnsf zAbx¿sf] cy{ n]v M
n}gf, gt] L, lgk0' f, 7f6F L, an]gL
$= dflysf] syf k9]/ ‘P’ / ‘o’sf] k|of]u ePsf kfFrkfrF zAb vf]h/] n]v .
%= tnsf zAbx¿sf] pN6f] cy{ lbg] zAb n]v M
;To, ;Hhg, bfgL, klxn], lbg
^= z'4 kf//] nv] M
5f/] fn] kgL a"afsf] ORIff k/" f ug'n{ fO cfÇgf] s/tAP yfGof] .
&= tnsf zAb / cy{sf aLrdf hf8] f ldnfpm M
dbfgL l;/s, 8:gfsf] kfs] f]
kfyL w/] } 1fg ePsf]
>f]tf bxL, dxL, l3p cflb /fVg] sf7sf] ef8F f]
ljåfg \ 7s] Lleq /fv/] bxL dYg] ;fwg
7]sL cf7 dfgfsf] kl/df0f
uG' 6f ;'Gg] JolSt
5l/tf] gk] fnL – efu rf/ 13
k7g af]w
!= tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] PsPs jfSodf pQ/ b]pm M
s_ kl/jf/df slt hgf lyP <
v_ afa' cfÇgf] 5f]/fnfO{ s:tf] dflg; agfpg rfxGYof] <
u_ 5f]/f] sxfF s] ug{ uof] <
3_ 7ux¿sf] sfd s:tf] lyof] <
ª_ afa'n] 5f/] fnfO{ lsg ca k9\g hfg'kb{g} eGof] <
@= tnsf egfO ss;sf xg' ,\ lrg/] n]v M
s_ afa' ¤ tF}n] ;a} ljBf kl9;\ <
v_ rt'/ljBf gk9]sf] eP t k9fO k/" f ePg .
u_ nf,} ca ltdLx¿ d]/f] 3/df lx8F .
3_ ca kml] / uP/ rt/' ljBf k9]/ cfOh .
ª_ xfd|f afaf sfzLdf hfFbf Pp6f u'G6f x/fPsf] lyof] eGy] .
#= 7Ls a7] Ls 5'6\ofP/ nv] M
s_ sfzL Toltv/] klg 1fgsf] nflu k|l;4 lyof] .
v_ rt'/ ljBf k9g uPsf] s6] fn] ] af6fdf ;fyLx¿nfO{ e6] \of] .
u_ afan' ] cfÇgf] 5f]/fn] rt'/ ljBfdf lgk'0f gePsfn] ufnL u¥of] .
3_ 7ux¿n] s6] fsf ;a} lrhx¿ 7u/] nu] .
ª_ lstfa k9]/ dfq xF'bg} † k9s] f] s/' fnfO{ ;do / 7fpcF g';f/ ko| fu] ug{ hfGgk' 5{ .
$= tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ b]pm M
s_ rt'/ ljBf k9\g uPsf] s]6fn] fO{ 7ux¿n] s;/L 7Ug] ljrf/ u/] <
v_ s]6fn] ] s:tf] ofh] gf agfP/ 7ux¿nfO{ kmGbfdf kfg{ ;kmn eof] <
u_ ‘rt'/ ljBf’ syfn] s:tf] lzIff lbPsf] 5 <
%= nfdf] pQ/ bp] m M
‘rt'/ ljBf’ syf k9]/ ltdLn] s] a'ˆof} < cfÇg} zAbdf n]v .
14 5l/tf] g]kfnL – efu rf/
l;hg{ f
!= nf]ssyf eg]sf] s'g} vf; JolStsf] l;h{gf xfO] g . of] t Ps JolStaf6 csf{] JolSt,
Ps k':tfaf6 csf{] k:' tf, Ps 7fpFaf6 csf{] 7fpF ub}{ w]/} jifb{ l] v ;'Gg] / ;g' fpg] ul/Psf]
syf xf] . o:tf syfsf vf; n]vs xbF' g} g\ . nf]s syfdf dflg;sf cltl/St ljleGg
hgfj/, /fIf;, bj] Lb]jtf cflb kfqx¿ xG' 5g\ . nf]ssyf k9\bf /dfOnf] nfUg] vfnsf
xG' 5g\ . o:tf syfx¿n] k9\g] jf ;'Gg] dfG5n] fO{ cfgGb lbG5g\ . dfly kf7df /flvPsf]
syf klg nf]ssyf xf] .
@= ltdLn] nfs] syf ;'gs] f jf k9s] f 5f} < 5f} eg] cfkm" n] hfg]sf] s'g} Pp6f syf sIffdf
;fyLx¿nfO{ ;'gfpm . hfg]sf 5}gf} eg] cfÇgf cleefjsnfO{ ;f]w clg To;nfO{ sIffdf
;'gfpm .
#= tn lbOPsf] hfgsf/Lsf cfwf/df Pp6f syf nv] M
Çofp/f] / ;f/; Pp6} hª\undf a:g',
bj' } hgf ldn/] a:g',
Çofp/fn] ] ;f/;nfO{ cfÇgf] 3/df vfgfvfg af]nfpg,'
;f/; v;' L dfg]/ Çofp/f]sf] 3/df hfg',
Çofp/fn] ] ;f/;nfO{ km/flsnf] yfndf ¹fn] xfns] f] vfgs] '/f lbg,'
;f/;sf] r'Rrf] nfdf] ePsfn] yfnsf] ¹fn] vfg g;Sg',
;f/; efs] } kmsg{ ',
sx] L lbgkl5 ;f/;n] Çofp/fn] fO{ vfgf vfg af]nfpg,'
;f/;n] Pp6f ulx/f] ;'/fxLdf :jflbnf] ;k' /fv/] Çofp/f]nfO{ lbg'
Çofp/fs] f] d'v ;/' fxLdf gl5/]sfn] ;'k vfg g;Sg'
pm ;f/;;uF l/;fpg,'
;f/;n] Çofp/fn] fO{ p;n] cfk"mnfO{ vfg afn] fP/ yfndf lbPsfn] cfkm" n] vfg g;ss] f]
s'/f ;D¹fpg,'
Çofp/f]n] cfkm" n] csf{nfO{ h:tf] u¥of] cfkm" nfO{ klg To:t} kg]{ s'/f aˆ' g' .
5l/tf] g]kfnL – efu rf/ 15
Jofs/0f
!= gfdsf] ;§fdf gfdn] ug{] sfd lnP/ cfpg] zAbnfO{ ;j{gfd elgG5 . d, xfdL, t“, ltdL,
tkfO,+{ pm, pgL, pgLx¿, sf], s,] s'g, hf,] h,] cfkm" , cfkm}“ cflb ;jg{ fd x'g\ .
@= tnsf jfSox¿df bf]xf]l/Psf] gfdsf] ;§fdf ;j{gfd zAb ko| f]u u/ M
s_ /jLGb| sIff rf/df k9\5 . /jLGb| sIffdf ky| d x'G5 .
v_ d}n] cfz'tfi] fnfO{ eg,F] ‘cfz'tf]if sxfF uPsf lyof} <’
u_ ;f]lkmof / d Pp6} sIffdf k95\ f}F . ;fl] kmof / d ldNg] ;fyL xfF} .
3_ dn} ] cfdfnfO{ ;f]wF], ‘cfdf sxfF hfge' Psf] lyof] <’
ª_ /Ltf, uLtf / ;'lgtf rf}/df 5g\ . /Ltf, uLtf / ;'lgtf 8f/] L gf3/] vN] b} 5g\ .
#= cfjZos ;j{gfdsf] ko| fu] u/]/ vfnL 7fp“ e/ .
s_ d/] L lbbL lzlIfsf xg' 'xG' 5 . ===================== ljBfnodf k9fpg'xG' 5 .
v_ lg/~hg sIff rf/df k95\ . =================== w]/} ldlxgt] L 5 .
u_ xl/ v8s\ f k'm6an v]N5g\ . ==================== v]nf8L x'g\ .
3_ /lj / d ldNg] ;fyL xf}“ . ================== Pp6} sIffdf k9\5f“} .
ljzi] f 1fg
uf| dL0f efG;fdf k|of]u xg' ] ;fdfgx¿
tfO{ – tfdf jf kmnfdsf] ;n] /f]6L ksfpg] efF8f]
cf]bfg – tLg v'§f ePsf] Ps k|sf/sf] kmnfdsf] rn' f]
s'8F ] – b"w ttfpg] s/fO{
y'kL{ – l3p l¹Sg ko| fu] ul/g] ;fgf] 8f8'
7]sL – bxL hdfpg / df]xL kfg{ ko| fu] ul/g] sf7sf] efF8f]
xk {] – l3p /fVg] ;fgf] 7s] L
s;f}F8L – bfneft ksfpg] d'v ;fgf] ePsf] efF8f]
rn' ];L – 6'Kkflt/ r/fsf] r'Rrf] h:t} g'xs] f] t/sf/L sf6\g] xltof/
xfF8L – ds}, e6df; e'6g\ ] df6fsf] efF8f]
l;nf}6f] – lh/f, d;nf lkWF g lrKnf] 9'ªu\ f]
nfx] f/] f ] – l;nf}6f]df d;nf lk:g] ;fgf] nfDrf] 9'ª\uf]
16 5l/tf] gk] fnL – efu rf/
KFF7 lgaGw
# lxdfnsf] xf;“ f]
efOalxgLx¿;Fu
tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] pQ/ lbg] ko| f; u/ M
– ltdLnfO{ sg' sg' lxdfnsf] gfd yfxf 5 < – ltdLn] lxdfn bv] s] f 5f} <
– lxdfn s:tf] bl] vG5 < – lxdfnsf] xf;F f] s:tf] 5 <
lxdfn lxpFsf] 3/ xf] . gk] fndf w]/} lxdfnx¿ 5g\ . lxdfn ks| l[ tsf ;G' b/ pkxf/x¿dWos] f] Ps ljlzi6
pkxf/ xf] . gk] fnnfO{ lxdfnn] l;Fuf/s] f] 5 . lxdfns} sf/0f g]kfn ;;+ f/df lrlgPsf] 5 . lxdfn x]g{ cGo
b]zsf dflg;x¿ g]kfn cfpg] u5{g\ . lxdfnsf] sfvdf /x]sf] b]zsf gful/s x'g' xfd|f] uf}/jsf] s'/f xf] .
lxdfnsf] xf;F f] cToGt cfsifs{ 5 . oxL xf;F fn] ] tflgP/ dflg;x¿ o;nfO{ xg] { tyf o;sf] lzv/df kU' g nfl] ePsf
x'G5g\ . lxdfnsf] xf;F f] s:tf] 5 / lsg of] xfd|f] nflu j/bfg ePsf] 5 eGg] a'ˆg tnsf] lgaGw Wofg lbP/ k9 M
!= lxdfn lxpFsf] 3/ xf] . of] ;l[ i6sf] ;G' b/ /rgf xf] . of] wtL{sf] lz/df ;lhPsf] cfsif{s
uxgf xf] . k|s[ltsf] /rgfdWo] ;a}eGbf ;'Gb/ /rgf lxdfn ;fG} bo{sf] kt| Ls xf] . of]
cToGt sfd] n bl] vG5 . skf;sf] yk' f| ] nufP h:tf] bl] vg] lxdfnsf] ;fG} boa{ f6 gn6l\ 7g] sf]
xfn] f / < lxdfnsf] ;f}Gbo{ sflnbf;sf] sfJodf 5rlNsPsf] 5 . ljZjslj /jLGbg| fy
6}uf/] sf /rgfdf kf]lvPsf] 5 . lxdfn bfu/lxt ;t] f] Rofb/ cf5] \ofP h:t} k[lyjLsf]
5ftLdf plePsf] 5 . ;t] f ldns] f bGtnx/ kmn} fP/ sg' } k/Ln] lbJo d':sfg 5/h] :t}
lxdfnsf] d:' sfgn] dfgj hfltnfO{ cfsif{0f ub5{ . d/] f] b]zsf] zfg, d/] f] b]zsf] lxdfn
;;+ f/s} 5fgf] ags] f] 5 . o;sf] ;fG} bo{ ljlrqsf] 5 . o;sf] xf;F f] lrQfsifs{ 5† cnfl} ss 5 .
@= lxdfnsf] xf;F f] d]/f] b]zsf] klxrfg ag]sf] 5† cflys{ d?] b08 ags] f] 5 . lxdfnsf] oxL
xf;F f] d/] f] bz] sf nflu ;;+ f/ lrxfpg] cfvF Lˆofn ags] f] 5 . lxdfnsf] xf;F fn] ] tflgP/ ;;+ f/
sf ljleGg d'n'saf6 dflg;x¿ d]/f] b]zdf cfpF5g\ clg d pgLx¿sf] dfWodaf6
tL b]zsf snf, ;Eotf tyf ljsf;sf] s'/f] dfq l;lSbgF d/] f] bz] sf] ;:+ s[ltsf] lj:tf/
k|tLs M lrgf] zfg M OHht
sfJo M sljsf] /rgf lrQfsifs{ M lrQ jf dgnfO{ tfGg] vfnsf]
bfu/lxt M bfu gePsf] klxrfg M kl/ro,lrgf/L
k/L M :ju{sL cK;/f, :qL bGtnx/ M bft“ sf] kª\lQm
Rofb/ M Ps k|sf/sf] h:tfkftf cfvF Lˆofn M cfvF f h:tf] ;;fgf Kjfn ePsf] ˆofn
5l/tf] g]kfnL – efu rf/ 17
ePsf] klg kfpF5' . lxdfnsf] xfF;f]n] tflgP/ cfPsf ljbz] L kfx'gfx¿ cfÇgf] b]z kms{b+ f
oxfF af/Daf/ cfpg] jfrf u/]/ kms{G5g\ . oxfFsf] snf, sf}zn tyf hLjgz}nLsf]
af/]df hfg/] hfG5g\ clg cfÇgf] bz] df uP/ To;sf] af/]df rrf{ u5g{ \ .
#= cToGt 6G6nfk'/ 3fd cfÇgf] lz/df yfKb} cf;F ' ag]/ klUnP klg lxdfnsf] ;fG} bo{ 36\b}
g . d;' nwf/] jiff{;uF } aUb} uP klg lxdfnsf] ;f}Gbo{ lkmsf xb'F g} . afbn nfu/] wtL{ g}
wD' d ePsf] a]nf xf];\ jf hg' kfl] vPsf] ;f¹F xf;] \ lxdfnsf] ;G' b/tf c¹ r'lnPsf] xG' 5 .
lxdfnn] cfÇgf] 5ftLaf6 clj/n aUg] gbLx¿nfO{ hGd lbG5 . gbLgfnfx¿ ;l[ i6sf]
;~rfngnfO{ hLjGt tN' ofpg] dxŒjk0" f{ tŒj xg' \ . ;Dk0" f{ jg:kltx¿sf] kf| 0f arfpbF }
wtLn{ fO{ c¹ l;uF fg{] jghªu\ nfO{ cfjZos kfgL log} gbLgfnfn] pknAw u/fpF5g\ .
lxdfn ljleGg tfn tyf ¹/gfx¿sf] klg ;|f]t xf] . lxdfn;Fu} hf]l8Psf tfn tyf
¹/gfx¿n] klg dflg;nfO{ cfsif{0f ub{5g\ . d]/f] b]z o:tf gbLgfnf, tfn–tn}of,
5fuF f–5x/fx¿sf] e08f/ g} xf] . of] d]/f] b]zsf nflu lxdfnn] lbPsf] pkxf/ klg xf] .
$= cfh lxdfn / g]kfn Ps csfs{ f kofo{ ags] f 5g\ . lxdfn xf:F 5 / t gk] fn xfF:5, ;f/f
;;+ f/ xf:F 5 . lxdfnn] kfgL lbG5 / t ;;+ f/n] hLjg kfp5F . lxdfnsf] xf;F fd] f :jfy{ 5}
;f}Gbo { M ;G' b/tf jg:klt M ¿v, la?jf cflb
hLjgzn} L M hLjg afFRg] tl/sf hLjGt M lhpFbf]
6G6nfk'/ M cToGt rsf]{ kofo{ M ;dfg cy{ jf pxL cy{ lbg]
w'Dd M cWF of/f,] tj' fFnfn] ] 9fs]sf]
clj/n M nuftf/, lg/Gt/
18 5l/tf] g]kfnL – efu rf/
g† 5n, sk6, O{iof{, 3dG8 s]xL 5}g . lxdfnsf] xfF;f] cnf}lss 5 . lxdfnnfO{
s'g} s'/fsf] nf]e 5}g . To;}n] pm agfj6L xfF;f] xfF:b}g . t/, cfhsf] dfG5] cToGt
nf]eL 5 . :jfyL{ 5 . dfG5] x/s] s'/fdf kmfObf / a]kmfObfsf] lx;fa u5{ . dfG5]
cfÇgf] :jfy{ k"/f ug'{k/] j}/Lsf] ;fd' klg xfF:5 . cfÇgf] kmfObfsf] nflu dgel/ sfnf]
bfu kfn/] klg cf7] df lªRr xf;F f] Nofp5F . dfG5s] f] dgsf] s/' f p;sf] xf;F fn] ] ¹NsfO/xs] f]
x'G5 . dgel/ kfk kfn/] klg dfG5] xf;F fd] f eg] Tof] gb]vfpg] k|oTg u5{ t/ ;Sbg} .
p;sf] xfF;f]n] p;sf] dgsf] laDa ptfl//x]sf] x'G5 . :jfyc{ g;' f/ dfG5] sl[ qd
xfF;f] xf:F 5 t/ lxdfnn] slxNo} To;f] ug{ hfgg] . lxdfn xf:F 5 / wtL{ hudufpF5 .
lxdfndf k|eftsf] nfnL r9]kl5 To;sf] sn]j/ ;'gf}nf] aG5 . ToxL ;kf6 ;f}Gbon{ ]
wtL{df pT;fxsf] gofF laxfgL Nofp5F . lxdfn bM' vdf klg xf:F 5, ;'vdf klg xf:F 5 .
lxdfn xfF:5 lsgls of] ;dlk{t 5 . wtL{sf] ;fG} bo{df rds Nofpg, kf| 0fLsf] e/0fkfi] f0f
ug{ ;dlkt{ lxdfn k[YjLdf hLjgsf] ;Defjgfsf] cfwf/ klg xf] .
%= lxdfn cgGt ;|f]tsf] e08f/ xf] . lxdfnsf] ue{df cg]s /Tgx¿sf] vfgL 5 .
wgsf b]jtf s'j/] sf] /fhwfgL cnsfk'/L lxdfnsf] ue{df /x]sf] s'/f ljleGg sljx¿n]
cfÇgf] sljtfdf pNn]v u/]sf 5g\ . cfk"mleq wft'x¿sf] cgGt vfgL /x]sfn] klg
lxdfn v';Ln] k'nlst 5 . cfkm" df /xs] f] of] ckf/ ;f| t] sf] pkef]u lxdfn :jodn\ ]
ub{}g . Tof] t dfgjlxtdf ;dlkt{
5 . o;/L ;dlkt{ efjn] ljZjsf]
;fd' :jfledfgsf ;fy lz/ 7f8f]
kf//] plePsf] lxdfnsf] xf;F fa] f6
dflg;n] w]/} s/' f l;Sg'k5{ .
lxdfnnfO{ cfvF fdf ;hfP/ cfÇgf]
xf;F fd] f cfpg] gSsnLkgsf] cGTo
Oi{ of { M csfs{ f] ku| lt bv] /] pAhg] 8fx cgGt M cGt gePsf]
j}/L M zq' /Tg M axd' "No j:t,' xL/f,df]tL cflb
ko| Tg M ko| f; vfgL M e08f/
laDa M 5fof ue { M k]6, sf]v
sl[ qd M agfj6L, bv] fj6L kn' lst M v;' Ln] cfª l;l/ªª ePsf] cj:yf,
snj] / M aflx/L ¿k, :j¿k
;kf6 M ;Dd k/s] f,] r§ ldns] f] crDddf k/s] f] cj:yf
cnsfk'/L M :jus{ f] /fhwfgL ckf/ M kf/ kfpg g;lsg]
e/0fkfi] f0f M kfngkfi] f0f :jfledfg M cfkm" df uf}/j xg' fsf] efj
cf:yf M O{Zj/k|ltsf] ljZjf;
5l/tf] g]kfnL – efu rf/ 19
ug'{ h?/L 5 . lxdfnh:t} ;dlk{t efjn] st{Jo lgjf{x ug]{ xf] eg] dfG5]nfO{ slxNo}
b]vfj6L xf;F fs] f] cfjZostf kb{g} .
^= d/] f] b]zsf] zfg, d]/f] cf:yfsf] sG] b| lxdfn cfh 7"nf] ;ªs\ 6df kb}{ 5 . lxdfnsf]
;f}Gboa{ f6 n67\ eP/ o;sf] lzv/df kU' g] OR5f af]s]/ cfpg]x¿n] kmfNg] kmf]xf/] sf
sf/0f lxdfn b"lift xbF' } 5 . lxdfnsf] ;f}Gbo{dfly k|xf/ x'Fb} 5 . lxdfn r9g\ cfpg]
dflg;x¿sf] sf/0f dfq xfO] g† hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf sf/0f klg lxdfnsf] ;f}Gbo{dfly
k|xf/ ePsf] 5 . df};d kl/jt{gsf sf/0f lxdfnsf] lxpF kUng] qmd a9]sf] 5 . of]
qmd g/fl] sP lxdfnL ;fG} bo{ wldlnbF } hfg] 5 . lxdfnsf] :j¿kdf bfu nfUg] 5 . o:tf] cj:yf
cfpg' eg]sf] ;Dk0" f{ dfgj ;d'bfos} nflu xflg x'g' xf] . of] ;ªs\ 6 x6fpg, lxdfnsf]
o:tf] cnfl} ss :j¿k arfO/fVg ;a} Ifq] af6 Psh6' eP/ nfUg' h?/L 5 .
hnjfo ' M xfjfkfgL, df};d
;ªs\ 6 M Hofb} si6sf] l:ylt
cnf}lss M o; nf]sdf gkfOg]
cEof;
zAb 1fg
!= tnsf zAbx¿ z'4;Fu pRrf/0f u/ M
;Dk0" f,{ wD' d, kf| 0f, kl/jt{g, jg:klt, ;f}Gbo{
@= jfSodf k|ofu] u/ M
pkxf/, :jfyL,{ :jfledfg, ;ªs\ 6, vfgL, /Tg, 6G6nfk/'
#= tnsf zAbsf] cy{ n]v M
kn' lst, lrQfsifs{ , Rofb/, snj] /, cnsfk/' L, hnjfo,' ue{, cf:yf
$= dflysf] lgaGwaf6 ‘6’ / ‘t’ k|ofu] ePsf kfFrkfrF zAb vfh] /] nv] .
%= pN6f] cy{ lbg] zAb nv] M
cnf}lss, wtL{, ljbz] , sf]dn, cfsif{s, lxt, lz/, gSsnL
20 5l/tf] g]kfnL – efu rf/
^= z4' kf/L k'gn{]vg u/ M
xLdfn hZt} zd/kLt efan] s/tAo gL/afx u/g] xf] eg] dfG5n] fO{ slxNo} b]vfj6L
xfzF f]sf] cfjZostf k/bg} .
&= tnsf zAb / cy{sf aLrdf hf]8f ldnfpm M
bfu/lxt r§ ldns] f]
kt| Ls cfvF f h:t} ;fgf Kjfn ePsf] ˆofn
/Tg k|of;
;kf6 lrgf]
:jfledfg OZ{ j/kl| tsf] ljZjf;
k|oTg ax'd"No j:t'
cfvF Lˆofn cfk"mdf uf}/j xbF' fsf] efj
cf:yf bfu gePsf]
k7g af]w
!= tnsf zAbx¿sf] PsPs jfSodf pQ/ bp] m M
s_ lxdfnnfO{ ss] f] k|tLs dflgG5 <
v_ ;;+ f/sf dflg;x¿ lsg xfdf| ] b]zdf cfpF5g\ <
u_ lxdfnsf] xf;F f] s:tf] 5 <
3_ dfG5] slt an] f j}/L ;fd' klg xf:F 5 <
ª_ lxdfnnfO{ cfvF fdf ;hfP/ s] ug{ h?/L 5 <
r_ lxdfn s;/L b"lift x'Fb} 5 <
5_ sljx¿n] cfÇgf sljtfdf s] s'/f pNn]v u/s] f 5g\ <
@= tnsf jfSox¿ 7Ls eP 7Ls / a]7Ls eP a]7Ls nv] M ======================
s_ lxdfn bv] ]/ ljbz] L dflg;x¿ k/k/ xG' 5g\ .
v_ cf;F ' ag]/ klUnP klg lxdfnsf] ;f}Gbo{ 36\bg} . ======================
======================
u_ d/] f] bz] sf] lxdfn ;;+ f/s} 5fgf] ags] f] 5 .
3_ lxdfnh:t} aGg ;s] dfG5]nfO{ gSsnL xf;F f] rflxbF }g . ======================
ª_ df};d kl/jt{gsf sf/0f lxdfn kUng] qmd a9s] f] 5 . ======================
5l/tf] g]kfnL – efu rf/ 21
#= tnsf] jfSon] eGg vfh] ]sf] s'/f s] xf] < sIffdf 5nkmn u/ clg sDtLdf bz jfSodf
nv] M
lxdfn h:t} ;dlk{t efjn] st{Jo lgjfx{ ug]{ xf] eg] dfG5n] fO{ slxNo} b]vfj6L xfF;f]sf]
cfjZostf kbg}{ .
$= dflysf] lgaGwdf lxdfnsf s] s:tf ljz]iftfx¿ pNn]v ul/Psf 5g\ vfh] clg sDtLdf
kfFr cf]6f ljzi] ftf cfÇgf] sfkLdf n]v .
%= tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ bp] m M
s_ lxdfnnfO{ lsg 7n" f] ;DklQ dflgPsf] xf] <
v_ dfG5] / lxdfndf s] leGgtf 5 <
u_ lxdfnn] xfdLnfO{ s] s;/L ;xof]u u/s] f] 5 <
3_ lxdfnsf] ;fG} bo{ s] slt sf/0f ;ªs\ 6df kb{} 5 <
^= nfdf] pQ/ b]pm M
lxdfnsf] xfF;f] lgaGwdf lxdfnnfO{ lsg xfd|f] uf/} j dflgPsf] xf] < aofg u/ .
l;hg{ f
!= lgaGw n]Vbf ;a}eGbf klxnf ljifosf] kl/ro lbg'k5{ . ljifosf] af/]df hfgsf/L
lbO;s]kl5 To;sf] kmfObf, a]kmfObf jf dxŒjsf] af/d] f rrf{ ugk{' 5{ . Pp6f s'/fsf]
af/]df n]lv;sk] l5 csf{] ;Gbe{df hfFbf cg'R5b] kl/jt{g ugk'{ 5{ . cGTodf eg] cfÇgf]
ljrf/ cfpg] u/L lgaGw 6'ªU\ ofpgk' 5{ .
@= tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] pQ/ s] xg' ;S5, ljrf/ u/ clg æjftfj/0f kb| "if0fÆ zLif{sdf Pp6f
lgaGw n]v M
– jftfj/0f eg]sf] s] xf] <
– kb| i" f0f egs] f] s] xf] <
– jftfj/0fnfO{ s]s]n] b"lift t'NofPsf 5g\ <
– jftfj/0f b"lift xF'bf s] s:tf] ;d:of pTkGg x'G5 <
– jftfj/0f k|b"if0f x6fpg s] ug'{k5{ <
– jftfj/0fsf] /Iff ug{ s] s:tf s'/fx¿df Wofg lbgk' 5{ <
22 5l/tf] gk] fnL – efu rf/
Jofs/0f
!= gfd;u“ s:tf] < sqf] < slt < sg' < eg/] kZ| g ubf{ pQ/sf] ¿kdf cfpg] zAb ljzi] f0f xf] .
:ofp dL7f] 5 . :ofp s:tf] 5 < dL7f]
pgsf] skfn nfdf] 5 . pgsf] skfn sqf] 5 < nfdf]
w/x/f cUnf] 5 . w/x/f sqf] 5 < cUnf]
b/fhdf w]/} lstfa 5g\ . b/fhdf slt lstfa 5g\ < w/] }
of] s]6f] /fd|/L k9\5 . sg' s6] f] /fd|/L k95\ < of]
d;u“ rf/ cf6] f snd 5g\ . d;“u slt cf]6f snd 5g\ < rf/ cf6] f
@= tnsf jfSox¿af6 ljzi] f0f zAb lrg / vfnL 7fp“df ;f/ M
======================
s_ /l] 8ofd] f /fd|f] uLt ah]sf] 5 .
======================
v_ ltdL w]/} k};f vr{ gu/ .
======================
u_ l/s]z bO' { sIffdf k95\ .
======================
3_ efjgf sIffsL k|yd 5fqf xf] .
======================
ª_ d ;kmf n'uf nufp5“ ' .
#= bz cf6] f ljz]if0f zAbx¿ nv] clg tL zAbx¿nfO{ jfSodf k|of]u u/ .
ljzi] f 1fg
gk] fndf kfOg] ljljw k|sf/sf hl8a6' Lx¿
x/f{], a/f]{, lr/fOtf,] ;k{uGwf, kfrF cfF}n,] c;'/f,] lgd{;L, h6fd;L, t'n;L, of;fu{ D' af,
xnb] f], lgd, kfvgab] , /ftf] cf]vtL, ;fnw'k, vf]6f] ;Nnf 3f/] tfk]|, nfnLu'/f;F , afh] f],
l3psd' f/L, /StrGbg
gk] fndf kfOg] ljljw ks| f/sf r/fx¿
8fkF m,] do/" , dg' fn, dg} f, k/j] f, ;u' f, h/' n] L, 9s' /' , rd/] f,] euF /] f,] sfu, ;f/;, sfO] nL,
as'Nnf, sfF8]Eofs'/, ;f/f}F, lu4, e'F8Lkmf]/, wg];, x'lrn, nf6f]sf];]/f], x'l66\ofpF,
uf}FynL, lkm:6,] v6v\ 6], ;]6f] u?8, kl] sª 8u, dfN6fh
5l/tf] gk] fnL – efu rf/ 23
KFF7 hLjgL
$ nfs] slj clnldof“
efOalxgLx¿;Fu
tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] pQ/ lbg] ko| f; u/ M – ltdLn] slxNo} nfs] syf ;g' s] f jf k9s] f 5f} <
– ltdLn] nfs] uLt ;g' s] f 5f} < – nfs] ;flxTosf] s:tf] dxŒj 5 <
– s:tf sljtfx¿nfO{ nfs] sljtf elgG5 <
nf]s jf hgtfx¿n] ?rfPsf] uLt, sljtf, syf cflbnfO{ nf]s;flxTo elgG5 . nfs] ;flxTodf ;fdfGo dflg;x¿n]
;xh} aˆ' g ;Sg] u/L tof/ kfl/Psf xG' 5g\ . cGo ;flxTo klxnf ;hs{ n] l;hg{ f u5{ clg nfs] n] k95\ t/ nfs]
;flxTo eg] klxnf nfs] df k|rngdf cfPsf] xG' 5 . nfs] n] ?rfPsf] xG' 5 . To;kl5 To;nfO{ ;ª\sng u//] tof/
k':tssf] ¿kdf k|sfzg ul/G5 . g]kfnL ;flxTodf nfs] sljsf ¿kdf lrlgPsf clnldofF hgtfsf] dg 5'g] u/L
pgLx¿nfO{ cfÇg} s'/f eg]sf] h:tf] nfUg] u/L sljtf n]Vg] slj xg' \ . hgtfsf] dgdgdf a:g ;kmn ePsfn] g}
pgnfO{ nfs] slj elgPsf] xf] . clnldofFsf] hLjgsf ljleGg cj:yfx¿ / pgsf] g]kfnL ;flxTodf ofu] bfgsf]
af/]df a'ˆg tnsf] hLjgL Wofg lbP/ k9 M
!= d]/f] dfof lkmFhfpmF eg] ;;+ f/el/ k'U5
d/] f] cfF;' kf]vfF} eg] ;u/dfyf 8A' 5 .
5ftL vf]nL b]vfpFm eg] df5fk'R5]« ¹'S5
dgsf] ltvf{ d6] f}F eg] kmj] ftfn ;S' 5 .
@= olt ;'Gb/ sljtf ;[hgf ug]{ slj xg' \ clnldofF . pgsf] hGd lj=;=+ !(&^ ;fn kmfu'g
!% ut] sf:sL lhNnfsf] kf]v/f ;x/df kg{] ldofF kf6g s8' x/df ePsf] lyof] . pgsf
lktfsf] gfpF bLg dfx] Ddb / dftfsf] gfpF hx/' f ldofF lyof] .
#= clnldofF 8]9 jifs{ f] xbF' f pgsL dftf / tLg jif{sf] xb'F f pgsf lktfsf] :juf/{ f]x0f eof] .
afNosfnd} 6'x/' f ag]sf pgnfO{ bfh'efphn" ] nfngkfng ub{} xs' f{P . ;fgb} l] v k9fOdf
pgL cToGt cle?lr /fVy] t/ pgsf] 3/ glhs} kf7zfnf lyPg . pgsf] 3/eGbf tLg
:juf{/fx] 0f M d[To', d/0f nfngkfng M kfngkfi] f0f u/]/ xs' f{pg] sfd
afNosfn M afnssfn, afNocj:yf cle?lr M s'g} ljifok|ltsf] rfxgf
24 5l/tf] g]kfnL – efu rf/
sf;] k/ dfq kf7zfnf lyof] . clxn] h:tf] Tolt an] f df6] /sf] ;'ljwf klg lyPg . ;fgf]
pd]/sf afns ePsfn] Tolt 6f9f;Dd k'u/] pgn] k9g\ ;Dej ePg . pgnfO{ k9g\
cToGt /x/ nfUof] . oxL /x/n] ubf{ pgn] cgf}krfl/s ¿kdf k9\g] sfl] ;; ubfu{ b{} ;f]x|
jifs{ f] pd]/df cIf/ lrg] . kl5 klg pgn] kf7zfnf uP/ cf}krfl/s lzIff xfl;n ug{
kfPgg\ . 3/d} a;/] pgn] cfÇgf] cWoognfO{ km/flsnf] agfO/x] .
$= ‘xg' ] la?jfsf] lrNnf] kft’ eg] ¹F} clnldofnF ] ;fg} pd/] b]lv cfÇgf] snf k|:km'6g ug{
yfns] f lyP . pgL 3fF; bfp/f ug{ / dn] fkft hfg dg k/fpyF ] . gf} jifs{ f] pd/] bl] v
g} pgn] bf]xf/] L uLt ufpg yfn]sf lyP . bf]xf]/L ufP/ pgL /gjg 3GsfpFy] / ;an} fO{
dGqd'Uw kfy]{ . bfx] f/] L uLt ufpgsf lglDt pgL ndh'ª, DofUbL, afUn'ª, :ofª\hf,
tgx'F / uf]/vf;Dd hfGy] . :j/sf] hfb'u/Lsf sf/0f ;f/f hgtfx¿ pgn] uLt ufpg
yfnk] l5 jl/kl/ ¹l' Ddg yfNy] . uLt ufpFbfufpbF } pgL hgtfsf df¹df la:tf/} la:tf/}
;'kl/lrt aGb} uP .
%= tTsfnLg ;dodf bf;] f| ] ljZjo4'
rln/xs] fn] clnldofFsf] lhGbuLn]
cs}{ df]8 lng k'Uof] . ;fF¹laxfgsf]
uhf{] 6fg{] ;d:ofn] lylNylnP/ pgL ;g] fdf
etL{ eO{ lj=;=+ @))) ;fndf adf{ ku' ] .
ToxfF pgsf w/] } ;xofqLx¿n] Hofg
ud' fpgk' /s] f] lyof] . g/;x+ f/ / o4' sf]
aLeT; ¿k bv] ]/ pgnfO{ ToxfF a:g dg nfug] . o4' df s}of}F dflg;n] k|f0f cfx'lt lbgk' /]
sfn] pgsf] Xbodf ulx/f] rf6] k¥of] . @))# ;fndf pgL gk] fn kmlsP{ . pgL kml] / Tof] gfs] /
Ldf kmlsP{ / slxNo} uPgg\ . pgL :jbz] sf] :g]x 9's9s' Ldf ;hfP/ cfÇgf] dft[el" ddf
al;/x] .
kf7zfnf M ljBfno ;k' l/lrt M lrgh] fgs] f], rlr{t
cfk} rfl/s M dof{bf of lzi6frf/ k¥' ofP/ ul/Psf] uhf{ ] M vfFrf], cefj
k|:k'm6g M lg:sg] jf ks| 6 x'g] sfd ;xofqL M ofqfdf ;fy lbg] JolSt
dn] fkft M v]taf/Ldf w/] } hgf ldn/] ul/g] sfd :gx] M dfof
/gjg M jgel/, hªu\ nel/ 9's9'sL M d'6s' f] rfn, w8\sg
dGqd'Uw M n67\ k/s] f], dfl] xt ePsf] dft[el" d M hGde"ld, hlGdPsf] 7fpF
hfb'u/L M hfb'sf] sfd aLeT; M 30[ ff pTkGg u/fpg]
5l/tf] gk] fnL – efu rf/ 25
^= clnldofF o4' lj/fw] L / zflGtkd]| L lyP . o4' af6 lj/St nfu/] gk] fn kmss{] f pgn] ‘lj/St
nx/L’ eGg] k:' ts /rgf u/] . pSt k:' ts @))^ ;fndf ;fjh{ lgs xg' kU' of] . jdf{ ku' /]
pgL gk] fn cfpbF f tTsfnLg zf]ifs tyf ;fdGtx¿n] pgsf] l;/Lv/' L cfÇgf] ks8df
agfO;ss] f lyP . pgnfO{ Gofo lbg] sf]xL ePgg\ . @)!% ;fn;Dd pgL 8/] fdf g} a:g
afWo eP . @)!^ ;fndf pgn] ;fgf;] fgf] 3/ agfP . ufpdF } ;fgf]ltgf] Jofkf/ Joj;fo
u/]/ pgn] hLljsf rnfpg yfn] . r'/f, wfuf,] kft] ] cflbsf] Aofkf/ u//] ar]sf] ;do
sljtf nV] g] clnldofF hgtfsf bM' v, bbn{ fO{ cfÇgf] n]vgsf] ljifo agfpFy] . clnldofnF ]
y'k|} sljtfs[lt / uLtx¿sf] ;[hgf u/]sf 5g\ . pgsf k|d'v k|sflzt s[ltx¿df
lj/Stnx/L, dxG] bn| x/L, GofpnLsf] k'sf/, kxf8sf] pb\uf/, ;t] Lsf] ;':s]/f, ;D¹gfsf]
lbof] cflb 5g\ . pgsf w]/} /rgfx¿ kqklqsfx¿df 5flkPsf 5g\ .
&= clnldofF d';ndfg ePsfn] pgL /dhfg / Ob dgfpyF ] . pgL zq' maf/ Wofg dUg eO{
gdfh kf7 ug{ hfGy] . cNnfxnfO{ pgL Xbosf] 9s' 9s' L dfGy] eg] /fd, ;Ltf / a4' nfO{
cfÇgf] d]?b08 7fGy] . j]b, k'/f0f, /fdfo0f, uLtf / dxfef/tsf syf pgnfO{ s07:y
lyP . Pscsfd{ f aftdfbf{† sljtf ;'gfpFbf pgL lxGb', d'l:nd, af4} dfuL{ of lqml:rog
s] x'g\ 7Dofpg d'l:sn kYof{] .
*= clnldofnF ] w/] } uLt ufP t/ /s] 8{ rflxF u/fPgg\ . pgn] /rgf u/s] f uLtx¿ ljleGg
ufos uflosfx¿n] ufPsf 5g\ . @)%* ;fndf Dol' hs g]kfnn] ‘clnldofsF f uLtx¿’
eGg] Sof;]6 PNad lgsfn/] pgsf uLtx¿nfO{ hgtf;Dd k'¥ofpg] sfd u¥of] .
clnldofFsf] af/d] f dfwj ljofu] Ln] v08sfJo n]v]sf 5g\ . cd[t efbufpFnn] ] pgsf]
hLjgL ;d6] /] k:' ts nv] ]sf 5g\ . ljleGg kqklqsfx¿n] pgsf] af/]df ljz]iffª\s
lgsfn]sf 5g\ . @)%* ;fn kmfu'g !% ut] kfv] /fjf;Ln] pgnfO{ /ydf /fvL kfv] /f
ahf/ kl/qmdf u/fO{ ;fjh{ lgs clegGbg u/s] f lyP . @)$^ ;fnkl5 clnldofFn] yk' }|
dfg;Ddfg tyf k'/:sf/ kfPsf 5g\ . pgn] k|fKt u/s] f k|d'v k/' :sf/x¿df OGb|
Ob M dl' :ndsf] ljzi] f rf8 jb] M lxGb'x¿sf] clt k|frLg uG| y
lj/St M dfofdfx] af6 cnlUuPsf,] pbf;Lkg k/' f0f M b]jLbj] tfsf] dlxdf ePsf] uG| y
d]?b08 M ub{gbl] v sDd/;Dd k'u]sf] 7f8f] xf8 uLtf M dxfef/tdf s[i0fn] ch'g{ nfO{ lbPsf]
l;/Lv'/L M ePe/sf] ;DklQ
ks8 M jzdf /x]sf], cwLgdf /xs] f] 1fgsf] u|Gy
/dhfg M d;' ndfgL jifs{ f] gjf}“ dlxgfdf kg{] kj{ af}4dfuL { M a'4 wd{ dfGg]
gdfh M d;' ndfgn] s'/fg k9]/ ug]{ k|fyg{ f kl/qmdf M j/k/ 3D' g] sfd
cNnfx M d';ndfgx¿sf bj] tf clegGbg M sg' } JolStsf] ofu] bfgsf] ;Ddfg ug{] sfd
ljz]iffª\s M sg' } kqklqsfsf] ljz]if cª\s
26 5l/tf] g]kfnL – efu rf/
/fHonIdL k/' :sf/, lz/fd] l0f k/' :sf/, hubDaf>L k/' :sf/ cflb kd| v' /xs] f 5g\ .
(= g]kfnL efiff ;flxTosf] >Lj[l4df nfUbfnfUb} @)%^ ;fnbl] v clnldofsF f] ba] ]| x/ la:tf/}
la:tf/} sdhf]/ aGb} uof] . @)%( ;fnbl] v t pgsf] bflxg] x/ klg sdhf/] eof] .
bdsf] Joyfn] klg pgnfO{ cfqmd0f ug{ yfNof] . lbg k|ltlbg pgL hL0f{ aGb} uP .
/f]un] ylnbF fylnbF } lj=;+= @)^# ;fpg !* ut] pgn] ;;+ f/ 5f8] . pgsf] lgwgn] gk] fnL
;flxTodf 7n" f] Iflt ePsf] 5 . d;' ndfg eP/ klg ;a} wd{kl| t ;dfg k]|d /fVg] clnldofF
d//] uP klg pgL gk] fnLx¿sf] dgdf ;w}F /lx/xg] 5g\ .
>Ljl[ 4 M >L a9g\ ] sfd, Voflt a9g\ ] sfd lgwg M dT[ o,' d/0f
x/ M sfFwb]lv lkmnf;Ddsf] efu
cEof;
zAb 1fg
!= tnsf zAbx¿ z'4;Fu pRrf/0f u/ M
;flxTo, :j/, lzIff, dfx] Ddb, cfqmd0f, bb{
@= jfSodf ko| f]u u/ M
6'x'/f, yk' ,}| ;[hgf ug,{' sdhf/] , dft[e"ld, 9s' 9'sL, l;/Lv/' L
#= tnsf zAbx¿sf] cy{ n]v M
lj/St, :g]x, :juf/{ fx] 0f, x/, af}4dfuL,{ dfte[ "ld, /gag
$= z4' kf/]/ n]v M
gk] fln, vG8sfAo, lgofpnL, ufOsf,lsl/tL, hGtf, bv" ,a]azfP
%= tnsf zAbx¿sf] kof{ojfrL -p:t} cy{ lbg_] zAb n]v M
/rgf, kf| 0f, kf7zfnf, dfte[ "ld, k:' ts, hL0f{
^= dflysf] hLjgLaf6 ‘P’ / ‘o’ nfu/] ags] f kfFrkfFr zAb vf]h/] nv] .
5l/tf] gk] fnL – efu rf/ 27
&= tnsf zAb / cy{sf aLrdf hf8] f ldnfpm M d[To'
dxŒj a9]sf] cj:yf
>Ljl[ 4 afnssfn
lgwg vfrF f]
;k' l/lrt cfuf]df ul/g] xfd]
clegGbg lr/kl/lrt
dGqdU' w n6\7 k/s] f]
afNosfn ;fjh{ lgs ;Ddfg
uhf {]
cfxl' t
k7g af]w
!= tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] PsPs jfSodf pQ/ bp] m M
s_ clnldofsF f] hGd slxn] / sxfF ePsf] lyof] <
v_ clnldofFn] slt jif{sf] pd/] df cIf/ lrg] <
u_ pgL s;/L hgtfsf df¹df ;k' l/lrt aGb} uP <
3_ pgsf] Xbodf lsg ulx/f] rf6] k¥of] <
ª_ clnldofFsf s'gs'g sl[ t ks| flzt 5g\ <
r_ clnldofFn] sg' s'/fnfO{ sljtfsf] ljifo agfP <
5_ clnldofsF f] slxn] lgwg eof] <
@= kf7sf] cfwf/df tnsf] vfnL 7fpF k/" f u/ M
s_ clnldofF ======== jifs{ f x'Fbf pgsL dftfsf] :juf/{ f]x0f eof] .
v_ pgL ;g] fdf egf{ eO{ ============= ;fndf adf{ k'u] .
u_ ================== ;fn;Dd pgL 8]/fd} a:g afWo eP .
3_ ================= ;fndf pgL g]kfn kmls{P .
ª_ kfv] /faf;Ln] pgnfO{ ;fj{hlgs =================== u/] .
#= 7Ls a7] Ls 56' o\ fP/ nv] M
s_ clnldofF a|fÅd0f kl/jf/df hGds] f lyP .
v_ pgsf lktfsf] gfd bLg df]xDdb lyof] .
28 5l/tf] gk] fnL – efu rf/
u_ clnldofF 6x' /' f ePgg\ .
3_ clnldofF afns sfnbl] v g} vn] sb' dg k/fpFy] .
ª_ pgn] kf7zfnf uP/ k9\g kfPgg\ .
$= tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] pQ/ bp] m M
s_ clnldofsF f] afNosfn s;/L laTof] <
v_ clnldofFn] s] s:tf dfg;Ddfg / k'/:sf/x¿ kfP <
u_ pgL adf{ kU' g' / l5§} gk] fn kmls{gs' f sf/0f nv] .
3_ clnldofFsf] hLjgL k9/] s] lzIff kfof} <
%= nfdf] pQ/ b]pm M
clnldofnF ] hLjgdf s]s:tf sl7gfOx¿ ef]Ug'k¥of] < :ki6 kf/ .
l;hg{ f
!= cfÇgf] hLjgdf dxŒjk"0f{ sfd u/]/ ;dfhdf ljlzi6 :yfg cf]u6]sf s'g} Ps JolStsf]
af/]df cleefjs tyf lzIfsx¿;Fu ;fw] ]/ tyf k':tsdf k9]/ sDtLdf bz jfSo nv] .
@= tn lbOPsf] hfgsf/Lsf] cfwf/df Pp6f hLjgL nv] M
gfd M nIdLk;| fb b]jsf]6f
hGd M lj=;+=!(^^ sflts{ @& ut] nIdLkh" f
hGd:yfg M wfa] Lwf/f, sf7df8fF}
dftflktf M cd//fHonIdL÷ltndfwj b]jsf6] f
– gk] fnL ;flxTosf dxfslj,
– dg' fdbg, sl' ~hgL, zfsG' tn, ;n' f]rgf, levf/L, nIdL lgaGw;ªu\ x|
nufot tLg bhg{ eGbf a9L k':tsx¿sf /rgfsf/,
– afn;flxTo, sljtf, lgaGw, syf, gf6s tyf pkGof;;d]t n]v]sf,
– dfG5]nfO{ cToGt dfof ug{], dfG5]sf] ;xofu] nfO{ g} cfÇgf] wd{ dfGg] slj
– ul/aLsf sf/0f w]/} bM' v kfPsf,
– dGqL;dt] ePsf
dT[ o' M lj=;+= @)!^ ;fn
5l/tf] g]kfnL – efu rf/ 29
Jofs/0f
!= Wofg lbP/ k9 M
k9\ – k9\5', k9\5f,F} k95\ ;\, k95\ f}, k9g\ x' G' 5, k9\5, k95\ ], k9\5g\
n]v\ – n]vF], nV] of}F, nl] v;,\ n]Vof}, nV] ge' of], nV] of,] nv] L, n]v]
hf – hfg] 5,' hfg] 5f}F, hfg] 5;\, hfg] 5f,} hfg'x'g] 5, hfg] 5, hfg] 5g\
dflysf] pbfx/0f /fd/| L x/] . oxfF lbOPsf] k9,\ nv] \ hf wft' xg' \ . wftd' f 5,' 5f,F} 5;\
cflb hf]l8Pkl5 aGg] zAb lqmof xg' \ . lqmofn] sfd ePsf] a'¹fp5F .
tnsf jfSoaf6 lqmof lrg M
t“ lrl8ofvfgf 3'Dg hfG5;\ . ltdL rªu\ f p8fp“5f} .
tkfO{+ Jofs/0f k9fpgx' 'G5 . pm dg nufP/ sfd u5{ .
pgL syf ;'lG5g\ . pgLx¿ l;gd] f x]5{g\ .
@= p7,\ x/] ,\ vn] ,\ afn] \, bv] ,\ eg\ wfta' f6 lqmof agfP/ afSodf ko| f]u u/ .
ljzi] f 1fg
s] sfd ug]{nfO{ s] elgG5 <
3f;F sf6\g] – 3f;F L v]taf/L hfT] g] – xnL
sljtf nV] g] – slj ufOj{ :t' xg] ]{ – uf]7fnf]
;dfhsf] ;]jf ug]{ – ;dfh;j] L ;dfrf/ ;ª\sng ug]{ – kqsf/
jsfnt ug{] – jlsn ef/L afS] g] – el/of
uf8L rnfpg] – 8f« Oe/ 8fn] L afS] g] – 8fn] ]
uLt ufpg] – ufos sl[ ifsf] sfd ug]{ – ls;fg
30 5l/tf] gk] fnL – efu rf/
KFF7 gf6s
% k/LIffsf] e"t
– si[ 0f zfx ofqL
efOalxgLx¿;Fu
tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] pQ/ lbg] ko| f; u/ M
– ltdLn] k/LIff lbPsf 5f} < – k/LIff;uF slxNo} 8/ nfus] f] 5 <
– k/LIff;uF 8/fpg] ljBfyLn{ ] ku| lt ug{ ;S5 < – ljBfyLs{ f nflu k/LIffsf] s:tf] dxŒj 5 <
s[i0f zfx ofqL g]kfnL afn;flxTodf ljz]if ¿kn] ;lqmo 5g\ . logL gf6s n]V5g\ .
gf6sdf clego tyf lgb{]zg klg u5g{ \ . afn ;flxTodf logsf lxªdfªsf] rf“}/L, km'Rr]
/fa] f6] , hnk/L h:tf Psfªs\ L;ªu\ x| , ltvs] f] l;ª, dl;g] d;' f] / c¿ syfx¿, et' sf] af;“ /' L,
;x/df 8d?, u'G6] uF}8f syf;ªu\ |xx¿ k|sfzg ePsf 5g\ . ;ªu\ Lt tyf gf6\o k1| f
kl| ti7fgsf k|f1 ;b:o ofqLn] ;flxTodf lbPsf] of]ubfgsf sf/0f ljleGg k/' :sf/x¿ kf| Kt
u/s] f 5g\ .
ljBfyL{sf nflu k/LIffsf] 7n" f] dxŒj x'G5 . cfk"mn] k9s] f] s/' f nv] ]/ cfÇgf] Ifdtf b]vfpg] egs] f] g} k/LIffdf
xf] . hlt /fd/| L k9] klg k/LIffdf nV] g g;Sg] ljBfyL{ s;s} f] Kof/f] xbF' g} . hfgs] f,] a¹' s] f] s/' fnfO{ k/LIffdf k|:t't ug{]
ljBfyL{ g} ;a}sf] Kof/f] x'G5 clg pm g} pTs[i6 dflgG5 . sltko ljBfyL{x¿ ldlxg]t u/]/ k9\5g\ t/ k/
LIff;Fu 8/fpF5g\ clg hfgs] f] s'/f klg nV] g g;Sg] xG' 5g\ . To:tf ljBfyLx{ ¿n] k|ult ug{ ;Sb}gg\ . pgLx¿
;wF} k5fl8 k5{g\ . To;n} ] k/LIffnfO{ 8/sf] ljifo xf]Og cfÇgf] Ifdtf k|bzg{ ug]{ :jefjsf] x'gk' 5{ . k/LIffnfO{
et" sf] ¿kdf lnP/ 8/fpg] k1| fgn] s;/L k/LIff ;fdfGo s/' f xf] eGg] a¹' s] f] 5, aˆ' g tnsf] Psfªs\ L Wofg lbP/
k9 .
!= -d~rsf] kbf{ vN' 5 . k|1fgsf] sf]7f bl] vG5 . k1| fg rf/ sIffdf k95\ g\ . sf]7df pgL
s;' Ld{ f a;/] kl9/x]sf x'G5g\ . k9\bfk9b\ } pgL lgbfp“5g\ . sf]7fsf] aQL lgE5 aflx/
s's'/ el' s/x]sf] cfjfh ;'lgG5 . 38Ln] /ftsf] afx| ahs] f] ;r" gf lbG5 . ‘l6ª\ l6ª\
l6ª’\ leQ]38Laf6 cfjfh lg:sG5 . k1| fg c¹} klg lgbfO/x]s} x'G5 . ;g' ;fg sf]7df
crfgs ˆofnsf kbf{x¿ xlNng yfN5g\ . k:' tssf] b/fhk5fl8af6 Pp6f chª\usf]
cfsl[ t aflx/ lg:sG5 . p;n] k|1fgnfO{ lgofn]/ x5] { . k|1fgnfO{ 5'G5 . t/ klg k|1fg
Ao“'l¹b}g ._
leQ3] 8L M leQfdf ¹G' 8\ofP/ /fVg] 38L cfs[lt M cfsf/, :j¿k
k:' ts M lstfa chªu\ M 8/nfUbf]
5l/tf] g]kfnL – efu rf/ 31
@= cfs[lt M -7n" f] :j/df_ k1| fg ¤ k1| fg ¤ -cfjfh ;g' ]/ k1| fg ¹;ª\u xb“' } Jo'“¹G5 .
pm rf/l} t/ x]5{ t/ s;}nfO{ klg bV] bg} ._
#= k|1fg M dgdg} sf] < sf] xf]nf dnfO{ kSs} klg d}n] ;kgf b]v]sf] xg' k' 5{ .
$= cfs[lt M ltdLnfO{ dn} ] afn] fPsf] x'“ k1| fg ¤ otf x/] t d oxf“ 5' . -k|1fg cfsl[ tnfO{
b]V5 . of] bv] ]/ k1| fg clt 8/fp5“ ._
%= k|1fg M sf] < sf] xf} ltdL <
^= cfsl[ t M g8/fpm k1| fg .
&= k1| fg M klxnf eg, sf] xf} ltdL < clg d/] f] sf]7fdf s] ul//xs] f] 5f} <
*= cfs[lt M k|1fg ¤ dnfO{ lrgg] f} <
(= k|1fg M cx,“ d}n] ltdLnfO{ lrlgg“ .
!)= cfsl[ t M d k/LIffsf] et" x“' .
!!= k|1fg M k/LIffsf] e"t ¤
!@= cfsl[ t M xf] . d k/LIffsf] et" g} x“' .
-k|1fg c¹} 8/fp5“ ._
!#= k1| fg M clg ltdL oxf“ lsg cfPsf] <
!$= cfsl[ t M d ltdLn] afn] fP/ g} cfPsf] x“' k|1fg . -crDd dfGb}_ d}n] af]nfP“ /] ¤
cx“, d}n] ltdLnfO{ af]nfP¹} 5}g . d}n} lsg af]nfpg ltdLnfO{ lg < d
t efl] nbl] v ;?' x'g] k/LIffsf] tof/L ub}{ lyP†“ lstfa / gf6] skLx¿ k9b\ }
lyPF . k9b\ }k9\b} lgbfP5' .
-k/LIffsf] et" xf“:5 . _
!%= k1| fg M lsg xf;F s] f] ltdL <
!^= k/LIffsf] e"t M ltdf| ] s'/f ;'g/] dnfO{ xf;“
p7\of] . s] ltdL ;f“Rr}
kl9/xs] f lyof} < g9f6F L eg
t . -k|1fg Psl5g 6j\ fNn
k//] et" nfO{ xl] //xG5 ._
et" M d/]sf] dfG5]sf] cfTdf 6\jfNn M Psf]xf]/f] eP/ xg] {] sfd
32 5l/tf] g]kfnL – efu rf/
!&= k1| fg M -dgdg_} o;n] d/] f] dgdf s/' f s;/L yfxf kfof] < of] kSs} klg e"t g}
xg' 'k5{ . -k1| fg 8/n] lrRofpg vfH] 5_ ddL ¤ Affaf ¤ ddL ¤ afaf ¤ -t/
k|1fgsf] d'vaf6 cfjfh lg:sbF g} . k/LIffsf] e"t l/;fp5“ _
!*= k/LIffsf] e"t M r'k nfu ¤ lsg lrRofPsf] < -k|1fg r'k nfU5_ n eg ¤ ltdL ef]ln x'g]
k/LIff;“u 8/fO/xs] f lyof} ls lyPgf} <
!(= k|1fg M -6fpsf] xNnfpb}_ xf],8/ nflu/x]sf] lyof] .
@)= k/LIfsf] et" M lsg 8/fPsf] t <
@!= k|1fg M lsgeg=] == lsgeg] d}n] k/LIffsf] /fd|f];“u tof/L u/]sf] 5O' g“ . o;kfln
klg d km]n eP“ eg] afafn] dnfO{ ufp“sf] :sn' k7fOlbg] /] ¤
@@= k/LIffsf] et" M clg /fdf| ]l;t k9g\ k' bg{} t < ltdLx¿sf] c¿ sfd g} xb“' g} , vfg,] vN] g] /
k9g\ a] fxs] . v]Ng] ;do klg afafn] lbge' Ps} 5 xfn] f dL7fd] L7f] vfg
klg lbge' Ps} 5 xf]nf . ls 5}g <
@#= k1| fg M 5 .
@$= k/LIffsf] et" M clg lsg gk9s] f] t <
@%= k|1fg M dnfO{ k9\g dg nfUbg} .
@^= k/LIffsf] e"t M k9g\ dg nfUbg} /] < ljBfyL{ eP/ To:tf] s'/f ug{ nfh nfUbg} <
@&= k1| fg M ca nfus] f] s'/f eGgnfO{ klg s] sf] nfh lg .
@*= k/LIffsf] e"t M clg k9\grflx“ lsg dg gnfu]sf] t <
@(= k|1fg M dnfO{ afaf, ;/ / ld;x¿n] slxNo} /fdf| ] eGgx' 'Gg . dnfO{ t k9g\ } gk/]
x'GYof] eGg] nfU5 . ;f“ Rr} k/LIffsf] et" ¤ Pp6f s/' f eg t, s] d gk9L
7"nf] dfG5] aGg ;lSbg“ / < xfQL, af3 / efn' klg t k9\b}gg\ . t/ tL
slQ 7n" f x'G5g\ t ¤
#)= k/LIffsf] et" M -x“f:5_ z/L/n] 7n" f] x'g / 1fgn] 7"nf] xg' km/s s/' f xf] . ltdf| ] afaf
gk9\g'ePsf] eP OlGhlgo/ aGg ;Sg'xG' Yof] < ltd|f] ddL gk9\ge' Psf]
eP lzlIfsf aGg ;Sgx' 'GYof] < ltd|f] cªs\ n gk9g\ e' Psf] eP n]vs
aGg ;Sg'xG' Yof] < n eg t ¤ xf,] px“fx¿n] ;dosf] dxŒj a'ˆg'eof] .
ldlxg]t u/]/ k9\ge' of] / cfh 7n" f] dfG5] aGge' of] . xf] ls xfO] g <
OlGhlgo/ M ejg, af6f,] k'n cflbsf] gS;f lzlIfsf M u'?cfdf
tof/ kfg{] JolSt
5l/tf] gk] fnL – efu rf/ 33
#!= k|1fg M Tof] t xf] .
#@= k/LIffsf] e"t M clg ltdLn] rflx“ lsg s/' f ga¹' s] f] lg < ltdL jife{ l/ k9fOdf Wofg} lbbF g} f} .
ha k/LIff cfp5“ , clg 8/fpb“ } k9] h:tf] u5f{} . To;n} ] ltdLx¿nfO{
xfdL e]6g\ cfpgk' 5{ . /fd|/L k9g\ ]x¿ k/LIffsf] e"tb]lv 8/fpg} kbg{} .
##= k1| fg M -dgdg_} P ¤ aNn s'/f a'¹]F / d k/LIff;“u 8/fOx]sf] lyP . To;}n]
kf] k/LIffsf] e"t cfPsf] /x5] .
#$= k/LIffsf] et" M k|1fg ¤ cab]lv ltdLx¿n] k9fOdf Wofg lbg" ¤ To;f] u/]df ltdLnfO{ ;a}
n] dfof klg ug]{5g\ . ltdL s;;} “u 8/fpg' klg kb{}g . hf“ rdf km]n klg
xb“' g} f} . -To;a} n] f sf7] fdf cfdf cfpgx' G' 5 . k1| fg s;;} u“ s/' f ul//xs] f]
bv] ]/ cfdf 5Ss kg{x'G5 ._
#%= cfdf M 5f/] f ¤ sf;] u“ s/' f u/]sf] < n x/] ¤ /ftsf] afx| alh;Sof] . ;'Tg'kbg{} <
ef]ln km| ;] d'8df kf] hf“r lbg hfgk' 5{ t .
#^= k1| fg M -;Dxflnb“ _} cfdf ¤ d k/LIffsf] e"t;“u s/' f ul//x]sf] lyP“ .
#&= cfdf M -xf“ :b}_ wt\ ¤ k/LIffsf] e"t klg x'G5 / st<} Tof] t ltd|f] dgsf] et" xf] .
ltdLn] gk9]sfn] ltd|f] dgdf
k/LIffsf] 8/ 5 . To;}n] ltdLn]
lgbf| df k/LIffsf] et" bv] s] f xf} .
#*= k1| fg M s] ;f“ Rr} dn} ] k9F] eg] dnfO{
k/LIffsf] et" n] t;fp{ b“ g} , xf]
cfdf <
#(= cfdf M xf] afa' .
$)= k|1fg M cfdf ¤ To;f] eP d cabl] v dg
lbP/ k9\5' . Wofg lbP/ k95\ ' .
-cfdf v;' L bl] vgx' G' 5 . Tof] bv] /]
k|1fg klg v';L xG' 5g\ . k1| fg
/ cfdf cs{] sf]7fdf hfG5g\ .
sf]7fsf] aQL lgE5 ._ -kbf{
v:5 ._
k/LIffsf] e"t M k/LIffb]lv nfUg] 8/, qf; km| ;] d'8 M tfhf lbdfu
34 5l/tf] gk] fnL – efu rf/
cEof;
zAb 1fg
!= tnsf zAbx¿ z4' ;uF pRrf/0f u/ M
o;kfln, 6\jfNn, ;do, dxŒj, t;f{pb“ }g, ;Dxfln“b}, chª\usf]
@= tnsf zAbsf] cy{ n]v M
lzlIfsf, OlGhlgo/, leQ]38L, chª\u, cfsl[ t
#= jfSodf ko| f]u u/ M
5Ss kg',{ crfgs, crDd, lsgeg,] dxŒj, k/LIff, OlGhlgo/
$= tnsf zAbx¿nfO{ z4' kf/]/ nv] M
zdP, dLlxg]t, pxf, ufp, ltld
%= dflysf] gf6saf6 ‘P’ / ‘o’ ko| fu] ePsf kfrF kfFr zAb vfh] ]/ nv] .
^= tnsf zAbsf] pN6f] cy{ lbg] zAb nv] M
/fd|f,] dfof, v';L, /fd|f,] ljBfyL{, ldlxgt] L
&= dflysf] gf6saf6 rGb|laGb' nfu]sf kfrF cf6] f zAb vfh] /] n]v .
k7g af]w
!= tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] PsPs jfSodf pQ/ bp] m M
s_ ‘k/LIffsf] e"t’ Psfª\sL s;n] n]v]sf x'g\ <
v_ k1| fgnfO{ s;n] afn] fPsf] /x]5 <
u_ k|1fg lsg lrRofof] <
3_ ‘k/LIffsf] e"t’ eg]sf] s] xf] <
ª_ s:tf dflg; k/LIffsf] et" ;uF 8/fp5F g\ <
r_ k1| fgn] lgbf| df lsg k/LIffsf] et" b]v]sf] xf] <
5l/tf] gk] fnL – efu rf/ 35
@= tnsf egfO s;sf x'g,\ lrg/] n]v M
s_ otf x/] t d oxfF 5' .
v_ lsg xfF;]sf] ltdL <
u_ dnfO{ afaf, ;/ / ld;x¿n] slxNo} /fd|f] eGgx' 'Gg .
3_ n x/] ¤ /ftsf] afx| alh;Sof] . ;'Tg'kbg{} <
ª_ Tof] t ltd|f] dgsf] e"t xf] .
#= 7Ls a7] Ls 56' o\ fpm M
s_ k1| fg c;fWo} ldlxg]tL 5 .
v_ k|1fgnfO{ ;wF} k9\g dg nfU5 .
u_ k/LIffsf] et" n] k|1fgnfO{ k9fOsf] dxŒj a'¹fPsf] 5 <
3_ ;fFRr} k/LIffsf] e"t x'G5 .
ª_ k1| fgn] dg nufP/ k9\g] jfrf u¥of] .
$= tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] pQ/ b]pm M
s_ k/LIffsf] e"tn] k1| fgnfO{ s;/L ;D¹fof] <
v_ k1| fg s:Tff] :jefjsf] ljBfyL{ xf] <
u_ dflysf] gf6s k9]/ ltdLn] s:tf] lzIff kfof} <
%= ‘k/LIffsf] et" ’ gf6sn] k9fOsf] dxŒj s;/L atfPsf] 5 < cfÇgf] ljrf/ nv] .
l;hg{ f
!= ltdLn] slxn] ;kgf b]v]sf 5f} < cfk"mn] b]v]sf] ;kgfnfO{ ;fyL;Fu u/]sf] s'/fsfgLsf]
z}nLdf k|:tt' u/ .
@= labfdf 3'Dg hfg] ljifodf cfdf;Fu ePsf] s/' fsfgL nv] ]/ b]vfpm .
36 5l/tf] g]kfnL – efu rf/
Jofs/0f
!= gfd jf ;jg{ fd;uF hf]l8P/ cfpg] cJoo zAbx¿ gfdof]uL xg' \ . af6, lt/, tkm{, ;Dd,
eGbf, kl§, cg';f/, adfl] hd, dfly, leq cflb gfdofu] L x'g\ .
tnsf jfSox¿af6 gfdofu] L zAbx¿ lrg]/ vfnL 7fpdF f n]v M
3fd k"j{af6 pbfp5“ . ===================
3/cufl8 uf8L 5 . ===================
d;' f] bn' fl] eq k:b} 5 . ===================
6a] n' dl' g es'G8f] 5 . ===================
cfdf dlGb/lt/ hfge' of] . ===================
@= dflysf] kf7af6 gfdofu] L zAbx¿ vf]h/] cfÇgf] sfkLdf n]v .
ljz]if 1fg
gk] fnsf vlgh ;Dkbf kfOg] 7fpFx¿
s] < sxfF <
;g' – sfnLu08sL, a9" Lu08sL, ;g' sf];L gbLsf au/x¿
h:tf – km'Nrfs] L, u0f]z lxdfn
tfdf – Onfd, cfv] n9'ªu\ f, DofUbL, s'nv] fgL
kmnfd – eF;} ,] kmlkª{ , km'Nrf]sL, lrtjg, s'n]vfgL
dfa{n – ufb] fj/L, dxfef/t / r/' ] kjt{
rfFbL – kmN' rf]sL, lr;fkfgL, afUn'ª
gg' vfgL – d':tfªsf] yfs vf]nf
Uof; – sf7df8fF} pkTosf, t/fO{ / d:' tfªsf ljleGg efu
;f]8f – ;Nofg, 8f]6L
5l/tf] g]kfnL – efu rf/ 37
KFF7 lr7L
^ a'afnfO{ lr7L
efOalxgLx¿;Fu
tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] pQ/ lbg] ko| f; u/ M
– ltdLn] slxNo} lr7L nv] s] f 5f} < – ltdLn] ss;nfO{ lr7L nv] s] f 5f} <
– lr7L nV] bf s] s:tf s/' fx¿df Wofg lbgk' 5{ < – lr7L lsg nl] vG5 <
cfk"meGbf 6f9f /x]sf cfkmGt tyf ;fyLx¿nfO{ cfÇgf] s'/f n]v]/ k7fpg] dfWodnfO{ lr7L elgG5 . lr7Lkq
s'/fsfgL cfbfgkb| fg ug{] dxŒjk0" f{ dfWod xf] . sg' } ljifodf cfk"mnfO{ nfus] f] s/' fx¿, cfÇgf ;d:ofx¿,
cfkm" n] ef]us] f /dfOnf tyf g/dfOnf cg'ejx¿ lr7Ldf n]v/] k7fpg] ul/G5 . of] kf7df Pp6f 5f/] fn] cfkm" eGbf
6f9f /x]sf cfÇgf lktfnfO{ lr7Ldf cfÇgf] cge' j, u'gf;f] tyf kd]| ;'Gb/ z}nLdf n]v]/ k7fPsf] 5 . yk s/' f
tnsf] lr7L k9 clg a'¹ M
!= PstKkf @, Onfd
@= @)^(÷!@÷!!
#= k"hgLo aa' f,
r/0fsdndf 9fu] .
$= d oxf“ ;Gr} 5' . Toxf“ a'afsf] ufydf klg cf/fd s'zn} xf];\ egL bofn' eujfg;\ u“
kf| yg{ f ub{5' . w]/} eof] a'afsf] kq kfPsf] 5g} . aa' fsf] sfo{ Jo:ttfn] ubf{ klg kq
nV] g] ;do kfpg'ePg xf]nf eg]/ cfkm}“ kq sf]b}{ 5' . a'af ¤ d}n] k9fOdf /fd|/L dg
nufPsf] 5' . klxnf] q}dfl;s k/LIffdf d sIffdf bf;] f| ] ePsf] lyP“ . ca bf];|f] qd} fl;s
k/LIffdf k|yd x'g] nIosf ;fy k9b\ } 5' . hflu/sf] l;nl;nfdf aa' f kfv] /f hfge' Psf]
klg w]/} eO;Sof] . kl/jf/sf ;a} hgf ;u“ } a;/] /dfOnf] ug{ klg b;}F sg' {'k5{ .
%= aa' f ¤ ljBfnosf] jflif{s sfoq{ mddf ljleGg vn] sb' sfoq{ md ePsf lyP . d}n] bf8} df
efu lnP/ k|yd k'/:sf/ kfPsf] lyP“ . k/' :sf/ ljt/0f ;df/fx] df ;a} ;fyLx¿n] cfÇgf
ufy M lhp, z/L/ l;nl;nf M Pskl5 csf{] qmd
Jo:ttf M sfddf nfus] f] cj:yf, gEofPsf] ;df/fx] M vf; cj;/df ul/g] ljz]if sfo{qmd
r/0fsdn M dfGohgsf] kfpnfO{ sdnsf] k"mn
cj:yf kh" gLo M k"hf ug{ nfos
q}dfl;s M tLg dlxgfdf x'g]
38 5l/tf] g]kfnL – efu rf/
cfdfa'af lnP/ cfPsf lyP . d]/f] eg] cfdfnfO{
?3fvfs] L nfus] f sf/0f hfg ;Sge' Pg, aa' f w]/}
6f9f x'g'ePsfn] d dfq} uP“ . Toltv/] dnfO{ s:tf]
g/dfOnf] nfus] f] lyof] . km]l/ sfds} nflu t
a'af 6f9f /xg'ePsf] xf] lg eg/] lrQ a'¹fP“ .
;fR“ r} aa' f ¤ dnfO{ t xh/' sf] w/] } Gof;|f] nfus] f]
5 . dnfO{ a'af;Fu slt w]/} s'/f ug{' 5 . aa' f;uF
ahf/df uP/ gofF n'uf / v]nf}gf klg lsGg' 5 .
;fyLx¿ aa' fn] lslglbPsf] eg/] gofF gofF vn] f}gf, nu' f, tyf lstfax¿ bv] fpF5g\ .
Toltv]/ dnfO{ s:tf] g/dfOnf] nfU5 . a'afn] eGg'ePh:t} d k9fOdf klg w/] } dg
nufO/xs] f] 5' . cfdfnfO{ klg slxNo} lk/s] f] 5}g . cfÇgf] u[xsfo{ v?' v?' u5'{ .
;fyLx¿;Fu klg ¹u8f ulbg{ F . dn} ] aa' fn] eGge' Psf] ;a} s/' f dfgs] f] 5' . ca aa' f klg
Pp6f s/' f dfGgx' f;] \ x} .
^= labf ldN5 eg] a? Psb'O{ lbgsf] nflu 3/ cfpgx' f;] \ g . cfdf, xh'/a'af, xh/' cfdf ;a}
v;' L xg' x' g' ] 5 . clg aa' f 3/ cfpb“ f dnfO{ /fdf| /fdf| syfsf lstfax¿ klg NofOlbgx' f;] \
g x} ¤ n]Vbfn]Vb} kq t nfd} eO;s]5 . xj;\ t, cfhnfO{ olQ c¿ s'/f csf]{ kqdf
n]v'“nf .
&= xh'/sf] Kof/f] 5f]/f]
*= vfdsf] gd'gf pT;j kf8} ]n
k]i| fs kf| ks
pT;j kf}8]n r"8fdl0f kf8} n]
PstKkf @, Onfd dxG] bk| 'n, kf]v/f
Gof;|f] M cfkmGtsf] la5f8] af6 x'g] lvGgtf kq M lr7L
u[xsfo{ M 3/sf] sfd s'zn M s'g} sfo{sf nflu l;kfn'
5l/tf] g]kfnL – efu rf/ 39
cEof;
zAb 1fg
!= tnsf zAbx¿ z4' ;uF pRrf/0f u/ M
ljt/0f, sfo{, slxNo,} bf];|f,] Gof;f| ], /fdf| /fdf|
@= jfSodf ko| f]u u/ M
v'?v'?, g/dfOnf,] w]/,} ¹u8f, Jo:ttf, sz' n, qd} fl;s
#= tnsf jfSox¿ z4' kf/L nv] M
zflyx¿ aa' fn] sLlglbPsf] eg/] gofgof vn] pgf n'uf tyf sLtfa bv] fp5g\ .
$= pN6f] cy{ lbg] zAb n]v M
w]/}, gof,F 6f9f, k/' :sf/, bofn', /fd/| L
%= tnsf zAbsf] cy{ nv] M
ufy, Gof;f| ,] kq, ;df/fx] , k|yd
^= dflysf] lr7Laf6 ‘P’ / ‘o’sf] k|of]u ePsf kfrF kfFr zAb vfh] /] n]v .
k7g af]w
!= tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] PsPs jfSodf pQ/ bp] m M
s_ dflysf] lr7L s;n] s;nfO{ nv] s] f] xf] <
v_ pT;j kf}8n] n] k|yd qd} fl;s k/LIffdf s'g :yfg xfl;n u/]sf] 5 <
u_ pT;jnfO{ slta]nf g/dfOnf] nfus] f] 5 <
3_ pT;jn] aa' fnfO{ 3/ cfpFbf ss] ] NofOlbg' egs] f] 5 <
ª_ pT;jsf a'af sxfF a:g'x'G5 <
@= 7Ls a]7Ls 56' o\ fpm M
s_ lr7L n]Vbf l;/fgdf 7]ufgf n]Vgk' 5{ .
v_ pT;jsf aa' f 3/ gcfPsf] w]/} ;do eof] .
40 5l/tf] g]kfnL – efu rf/
u_ pT;j slxNo} u[xsfo{ ub}g{ .
3_ pT;jn] cfdfnfO{ slxNo} lk/]sf] 5g} .
ª_ vfdsf] gd'gfdf klxnf kfpg]sf] clg k7fpg]sf] gfd / 7u] fgf n]lvG5 .
#= 5f]/fsf] lr7L k9]kl5 pT;jsf a'afnfO{ s:tf] nfUof] xf]nf < sNkgf u/]/ n]v .
l;hg{ f
lr7L nV] bf s]s] s'/fx¿df Wofg lbgk' 5{ eGg] aˆ' g tnsf] tflnsf Wofg lbP/ x]/ M
s;nfO{ s:tf] ;Dafw] g ug{] s:tf] clejfbg ug]{ ;dfkg s;/L ug]{
cfkm" eGbf 7"nfnfO{ kH" o, cfb/0fLo, 9f]u, gd:t], gd:sf/, cf1fsf/L, Kof/f]÷Kof/L
k"hgLo k0| ffd
cfkm" ;/xsf] nfO{ lko| , Kof/f,] :gx] L, gd:t], ;D¹gf :gx] L, ldq, pxL
;fyL
cfk"meGbf lko| , lr/~hLjL, cfzLjf{b, ze' flzif\, enf] rfxg],
;fgfnfO{
afa', gfgL dfof z'elrGts, dfof ug]{
!= dfly kf7df lbOPsf] kq k9/] afa'n] 5f/] fnfO{ s:tf] kq nV] nfg\ . ljrf/ u/ clg aa' f
ag/] 5f]/fnfO{ kq n]v .
@= b;}F, ltxf/ h:tf rf8kjx{ ¿df lzIfs, ;fyLx¿ tyf cfkmGtx¿nfO{ lbOg] ze' sfdgf
kqsf] gd'gf tof/ kf/ .
Jofs/0f
!= tnsf jfSox¿ Wofg lbP/ x/] . oL jfSox¿df gLnf] cIf/n] nl] vPsf zAbx¿n]
lqmofsf] tyf ljz]if0fsf] ljz]iftf a¹' fPsf 5g\ . oL zAbx¿ lqmofljzi] f0f xg' \ .
pm v'?v'? sfd u5{ . efO k9/] cfof] . pm aflx/ lgl:sof] . ¹d¹d kfgL k¥of] .
;u/dfyf Hofb} cUnf] 5 . vfgf v'a dL7f] 5 . d k9\g hfG5' . alxgL d';'Ss
xf;“ L .
jfSodf ko| f]u ePsf zAbx¿ sxfF < slxn] < s;/L < slt < lsg < eGg] kZ| gsf] pQ/sf]
¿kdf cfP eg] To:tf zAbx¿ lqmofljzi] f0f x'G5g\ .
5l/tf] gk] fnL – efu rf/ 41
@= tnsf jfSoaf6 lqmofljzi] f0f zAb lrg]/ vfnL 7fpd“ f nv] M
s_ d lxhf] ahf/ uPsf] lyP“ . ==========================
v_ ltdf| ] sfd ev/{ } ;lsof] . ==========================
u_ ;l} gsx¿ v's/' L le/]/ k/8] v]Nb} 5g\ . ==========================
3_ xfdL efl] n sljtf ;'Gg] 5f}“ . ==========================
ª_ efO cfh ljBfno hfG5 . ==========================
#= dflysf] kf7af6 kfFr cf]6f lqmofljz]if0f zAbx¿ vfh] /] n]v .
ljz]if 1fg g]kfnsf kd| v' tfnx¿
tfn /x]sf] 7fpF tfn /x]sf] 7fpF
R5f] /f]Nkf tfn bf]nvf
/f/f tfn du' ' kmf]S;'G8f] tfn 8f]Nkf
ltlnrf] tfn dgfª
gGbefph" tfn lrtjg ¿kf, a]ugf;, kmj] f tfn sf:sL
uf;] fOFs'08 /;j' f
an' an' tfn ;v' {]t
3f8] f3f8] L tfn sn} fnL
vKt8 tfn 8f]6L
42 5l/tf] gk] fnL – efu rf/
KFF7 uLt
b]z afl“ r/x] dfq
& – si[ 0fk|;fb k/fhn' L
efOalxgLx¿;Fu – dflg;nfO{ v;' L xg' s] rflxG5 <
– bz] nfO{ lsg dfof ugk{' 5{ <
tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] pQ/ lbg] ko| f; u/ M
– ltdL slxn] v;' L xG' 5f} <
– ltdLnfO{ cfÇgf] bz] sf] dfof slQsf] nfU5 <
si[ 0fk;| fb k/fhn' L gk] fnL ;flxTodf slj, uLtsf/ tyf lgaGwsf/sf ¿kdf ;k' l/lrt 5g\ .
nf]s;flxTo tyf Jofs/0fdf klg logsf] ljzi] f ofu] bfg /x]sf] 5 . logsf sljtf, lgaGw,
syf cflbsf w/] } k:' tsx¿ ks| flzt 5g\ . afn;flxTosf] Ifq] df ljzi] f ¿kn] ;lqmo /xs] f
k/fhn' Lsf s[ltx¿df bz] kl| tsf] dfof, ks| [ltsf] lrq0f tyf ;bfrf/sf] kf7 x'G5 . ‘b]z
afFlr/x] dfq’ zLifs{ sf] k:| tt' uLtdf uLtsf/n] bz] /x] dfq b]zaf;Lx¿ /xg], b]z g/x]
b]zaf;Lx¿sf] klg s'g} cl:tTj g/xg] s'/f pNn]v u/]sf 5g\ . g]kfnL k|s[ltsf] aofg
ub}{ uLtsf/ cfÇgf] b]zsf] ;f}Gbo{ x/] ]/ slxNo} gc3fpg] s/' f JoSt u5g{ \ . dflg;n] 3fdhg' h:t} xfF:g hfGgk' 5{
eGg] s'/fdf hf8] lbOPsf] k:| tt' uLtn] bz] elStsf] kf7 k9fPsf] 5 . yk s/' f tnsf] uLt k9/] a¹' M
b]z afFlr/x] dfq} ;S5' cfkm" afRF g
hg' h:t} xfF:g ;s] ;S5' v;' L ;fRF g .@.
hlt x¿] F c3fOGg
cfÇg} ufpaF ]F;L
¹l' NsPsf] 3fd /fdf| ]
nfU5 r'nLb]lv .^.
gbLgfnf gflr/x] ;S5' cfkm" gfRg
k"mnh:t} xfF:g ;s] ;S5' v';L ;fFRg .*.
a;F] L M kxf8sf] kmb] L r'nL M kxf8sf] 6K' kf]
5l/tf] gk] fnL – efu rf/ 43
sn} ] p7\g] hd' /{' fO{
cf]Nnfk] Nnf] ;Ldf ¤
pHofnfn] ] dfq} Nofp5F
v';L lhGbuLdf .!@.
wtL{ k'mNb} xfFl;/x] dfq ;S5' xfF:g
3fdh:t} xfF:g ;s] ;S5' v';L ;fFRg .!$.
cfN] nf]kNnf] M j/k/sf], j/lt/sf] / k/lt/sf] wtL{ M k[YjL, hldg, w/tL
;Ldf M l;dfgf, ;fwF
cEof;
zAb 1fg
!= tnsf zAbx¿ z4' ;uF pRrf/0f u/ M
lhGbuL, pHofnf,] wtL,{ dfq}, Jofks
@= dflysf] uLtdf ko| fu] ePsf p:t} ;'lgg] -cg'k|f;o'St_ zAbx¿ vf]h/] nv] .
#= z'4 kf/L nv] M
xfdL jfr] dft/ xfD/f] b];sf] ela:o pHHan jGg5] .
$= tnsf zAbsf] cy{ nv] M
r'nL, cfN] nfk] Nnf], aF];L, ;Ldf, wtL{
%= dflysf] uLtaf6 cfwf cIf/sf] k|of]u ePsf zAbx¿ vfh] ]/ n]v .
^= jfSodf k|of]u u/ M
cfkm" , dfq, bz] , b]lv, gbLgfnf, /fd|f]
&= tnsf zAbx¿sf] pN6f] cy{ lbg] zAb n]v M
cfÇgf,] ufpF, km" n, bz] , pHofnf,] /fd|f]
44 5l/tf] g]kfnL – efu rf/
k7g af]w
!= tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] PsPs jfSodf pQ/ bp] m M
s_ ‘b]z aflF r/x] dfq’} uLtsf /rgfsf/ sf] xg' \ <
v_ uLtsf/ s] x]/]/ c3fPsf 5g} g\ <
u_ lhGbuLdf sn] ] v;' L Nofp5F <
3_ uLtsf/ s;/L afRF g] s/' f u5g{ \ <
ª_ km" n h:t} xf:F g ;s] s] ug{ ;lsG5 <
@= 7Ls a]7Ls 56' o\ fpm M
s_ dflysf] uLtdf xfd|f] b]z g]kfnsf] af/]df aofg ul/Psf] 5 <
v_ gbLgfnf ggfr] klg uLtsf/ gflr/xg rfxG5g\ <
u_ ¹'lNsPsf] 3fd uLtsf/nfO{ c;fWo} /fdf| ] nfu]sf] 5 <
3_ uLtsf/n] wtL{ km' Nb} xfFl;/x] dfq cfk"m xfF:g] s/' f u/s] f 5g\ <
ª_ uLtsf/nfO{ ns] a];F L x]g{ dg kbg}{ .
#= uLtsf] tn lbOPsf] cz+ k9]/ cfkm" n] a¹' ]sf] s'/f kfFr jfSodf g36fO{ nv] M
b]z aflF r/x] dfq} ;S5' cfk"m afRF g
h'g h:t} xfF:g ;s] ;S5' v';L ;fRF g .
$= tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] pQ/ b]pm M
s_ s] s] xF'bf slj v';L ;fFRg ;S5g\ <
v_ sljn] s:tf] an] fdf v';L ;fRF g ;Sg] s/' f atfPsf 5g\ <
u_ v';L s]n] Nofp5F <
%= tnsf] k|Zgsf] nfdf] pQ/ b]pm M
‘bz] afFlr/x] dfq’} uLt k9]/ cfk"mn] a¹' s] f s'/fx¿ sDtLdf bz jfSodf nv] .
l;hg{ f
!= ltdLn] b]zsf] af/]df n]lvPsf sg' } uLt ;g' ]sf 5f} < 5f} eg] cfÇgf] sfkLdf nv] .
5l/tf] gk] fnL – efu rf/ 45
@= ltdL klg cfÇgf] b]zsf] aofg u//] Pp6f uLt nv] .
Jofs/0f
!= tnsf jfSodf gLnf] cIf/df n]lvPsf zAbx¿ gfd, ;jg{ fd, ljzi] f0f jf lqmof s] xg' \,
lrg]/ nv] .
s_ pm 3/leq k;s] f] lyof] .
v_ xfdL cfh aflx/} vfgf vfP/ cfp5“ f“} .
u_ ltdL dl' g hfpm t aa' fn] af]nfpge' Psf] 5 .
@= tnsf jfSodf gLnf] cIf/df n]lvPsf zAbx¿ gfdofu] L jf lqmofljz]if0f s] xg' \, lrg]/
nv] .
s_ 3/aflx/ 7n" f] ¿v 5 .
v_ aa' f aflx/ hfg'ePsf] 5 .
u_ dn} ] lstfa 6a] 'ndfly /fvs] f] 5' .
3_ ltdL dfly hfpm, d Psl} 5g oxLF a:5' .
ª_ efOn] es'G8f] vfn] fkfl/ k'¥ofP5 .
r_ ltdL kfl/ uP/ a;† d klg cfp5F ' .
#= kfFr cf6] f gfdof]uL / kfrF cf]6f lqmofljzi] f0f zAbx¿ nv] .
ljz]if 1fg
gk] fnsf kd| 'v b/af/x¿
gf/fo0flx6L b/af/, j;Gtk/' b/af/, l;x+ b/af/, gj' fsf6] b/af/, uf/] vf b/af/,
kf6g b/af/, eStk'/sf] krkGg ˆofn] b/af/, kfNkfsf] /fgLdxn b/af/,
s]z/dxn, aa/dxn, yfkfynL b/af/, afub/af/, kmfx] f/] f b/af/, zLtn
lgjf;, gfufhg{' b/af/
46 5l/tf] gk] fnL – efu rf/
KFF7 syf
eujfg\sf] bz{g
* – cd/ Gof}kfg]
efOalxgLx¿;Fu
– ltdL slxNo} dlGb/ uPsf 5f} < – dlGb/df bj] tfnfO{ e6] L r9fPsf 5f} <
– dlGb/sf] j/k/ dfUg a;s] f dflg;x¿ bv] s] f 5f} < – dlGb/sf] 5p] 5fpdf dfUg a;s] f
dflg;nfO{ sx] L lbPsf 5f} <
cd/ Gofk} fg] gk] fnL ;flxTodf syfsf/ tyf pkGof;sf/sf ¿kdf ;k' l/lrt 5g\ . logsf
kfgLsf] 3fd, ;t] f] w/tL, slnnf] dg h:tf s[ltx¿ k|sflzt 5g\ . ‘kfgLsf] 3fd’sf nflu
kbd\ >L ;Ddfg tyf ‘;t] f] w/tL’ sf nflu dbg k/' :sf/ kf| Kt u/s] f Gofk} fg] afn ;flxTodf
klg plQs} ;lqmo /x]sf 5g\ . cfk"m afFr]sf] ;donfO{ syfdf /f]rs z}nLdf k|:t't ug]{
Gof}kfg] jtd{ fg k:' tfsf ljlzi6 syfsf/ xg' \ . ‘eujfgs\ f] bzg{ ’ dfgjLo wd;{ uF ;DalGwt
5 . o;df dlGb/df r9fPsf] e6] Ln] eGbf cfjZostf k/s] f dflg;nfO{ u/s] f] ;xofu] n]
;Rrf O{Zj/sf] kf| lKt xg' ] s'/f JoSt ul/Psf] 5 . dfG5s] f] Xbodf g} O{Zj/sf] af; x'G5 . ef]sf dflg;nfO{ vfg
lbbF f, gfªu\ f dflg;x¿nfO{ nu' f, sk8f lbbF f, /fu] LnfO{ cfi} fwL lbbF f h:tf] 7n" f] wd{ c¿ sx] Ldf 5g} eGg] s/' f g} of]
syfsf] dV' o cfzosf] ¿kdf cfPsf] 5 . yk s/' f tnsf] syf k9/] a¹' M
!= lsglsg dnfO{ dlGb/ hfg dg k5{ . ;fgf]ltgf] dlGb/df xf]Og 7"nf7"nf dlGb/ ePsf]
7fpFdf, hxfF eujfg\sf] bz{g ug{ w]/} dflg;x¿ cfpF5g\, hxfF cv08 bLk aln/xs] f]
x'G5 / alh/xs] f] xG' 5 zª\v306sf] dw/' Wjlg, h'g dnfO{ c;fWo} dg k5{ .
@= dnfO{ dfG5];Fu g8/fpg] kG5L ;a}eGbf a9L dg k5{ . Tof] kG5L xf], k/]jf . x'g t
kG5Lx¿nfO{ dfG5;] Fu 8/fpg] agfPsf] dfG5n] ] g} xf] . gq r/fx¿ cfkm}F dfG5];Fu v]Ng
cfpg] lyP . dfofsf] efiff t ;fgf gfgLx¿bl] v kz'kG5L;Dd ;an} ] aˆ' 5g\ .
#= dlGb/df k/j] fx¿ w/] } xG' 5g\ . /, ToxfF vl] n/xs] f k/j] fx¿ dflg;;uF 8/fP/ efUbg} g\ .
yfxf 5g} , eujfgs\ f] cf8df dflg;n] s]xL ug{ ;St}gg\ eg/] kf] xf] ls <
$= o;f] egfF} eg] sltko dlGb/d} kzk' G5Lsf] aln lbOG5 . dnfO{ To:tf dlGb/x¿df hfg
dg nfUbg} . dnfO{ t aln glbOg] dlGb/df hfg dg k5{ .
cv08 M g6'lqmPsf] jf vl08t gePsf] bLk M dlGb/df aflng] aQL
Wjlg M bp] tfnfO{ r9fpg] kz'kG5L
M ;'Gg ;lsg] cfjfh aln
5l/tf] g]kfnL – efu rf/ 47
%= dlGb/ kf| ªu\ 0fdf eSthgx¿n]
wds{ f nflu eO' Fdf 5l/Psf] rf/f
vfFb} gal' ¹g] t/ dL7f] uLt ufpFb}
u/]sf] c;fWo} dg k5{ . nfU5,
ltgLx¿n] c3fPsf] uLt ufpFb}
5g\ . dfofkd]| / ;v' sf] uLt ufpbF }
5g\ . t/ k/j] fn] dlGb/sf] 5fgfdf
a;]/ la:6\ofPsf] dg kb}{g .
eujfgs\ f] 5fgfdf To;/L la:6o\ fpbF f
tL k/]jfx¿nfO{ kfk nfU5 ls nfUb}g xfn] f < dlGb/ To:tf] 7fpF xf], hxfF dflg;n] ;d]t
hfbF f rKkn kms' fn/] hfgk' 5{ .
ls ufOs{ f] uf]a/h:t} kljq dflgG5 k/j] fsf] la:6f klg <
^= xfd|f] 3/af6 bz lsnfl] d6/ 6f9fdf dxfb]jsf] dlGb/ 5, hxfF sDtLdf b'O{ dlxgfsf]
Psrf]l6 dlGb/ hfgk' 5{ dnfO{ . slxn] cfdf;uF hfG5,' slxn] af;uF . tLgrf/k6s
sfsL;uF klg uPsf] 5' .
&= slxns] fxLF ;fyLx¿;uF hfG5' eGbf afcfdfn] tF ;fg} 5;\† hfg'x'Gg ;fyLx¿;uF
eGgx' 'G5 . t/ dnfO{ ca d ;fgf] eP klg cfdfn] egh] lt ;fgf] 5g} eGg] nfU5 lsgeg]
ca d afx| jif{sf] eO;s]F .
*= t/ o;k6s d ;fyLx¿;Fu g} dlGb/ hfg] ePF . d]/f ;fyLx¿ tf/f / gjLgnfO{ klg
cfdfn] dnfO{ h:t} dfof / ljZjf; ug{'xG' 5 . pgLx¿n] klg xfd}| 3/ cfP/ s/ u/] .
d}n] klg w/] } lh2L u/]F cfdf;uF . To;kl5 afcfdfn] ;o ¿ko} fF lbP/ aNnaNn dnfO{
;fyLx¿;Fu k7fpge' of] .
(= a;af6 cfl] nP{ / xfdL dlGb/lt/ hfbF } lyof+} . dlGb/glhs} ;8sj/k/ k6] Ldf dfUgx] ¿sf]
le8 lyof] . ;8ssf] k6] LeGbf d}nf] k5\of}/f cf5] o\ fP/ a;s] f bLgxLgx¿ . sfx] Lsf]xL
t 7Ls d/] } pd/] sf, sfx] L d/] L alxgLsf] pd]/sf klg, hf] dfUb} lanfk ul//x]sf . d/] f]
dg x?' Ss eP/ cfof] .
k|fªu\ 0f M 3/cufl8 vfnL 7fpF jf ;fgf] rf/} lji6f M lb;f
lh2L M l9kL, cfk"mn] egh] :tf] jf rfx] bLgxLg M bofnfUbf], bM' vL
lanfk M lanf}gf, ?jfO
eSthg h:tf] ug{ lbOg] bafa
M O{Zj/kl| t cf:yf /fVg] JolSt
48 5l/tf] g]kfnL – efu rf/
!)= wgL, ;DkGg / lzlIft h:tf nfUg] dflg;x¿ tL dfUg]x¿nfO{ af6f] 5]psf] 7'6f x'g\
e}mF a]jf:tfk"j{s lxFl8/x]sf lyP . t/ tL dfUg]x¿n] eg] cfkm"nfO{ aj] f:tf u//] lxF8\g]
;'lsnf dflg;x¿nfO{ eujfg\nfO{ bv] e] m} F x]b{} lyP .
dlGb/ k'UofF} . laxfg 9lNs;ss] f]n] dlGb/df dfG5]x¿sf] le8 lyPg . xfdLn] eujfg\
sf] bz{g u¥of}F . dn} ] dlGb/sf eujfg\nfO{ x/] F] . ToxfF k"mnk|;fbeGbf k;} f w/] } lyof] .
slt k;} f lyof] d eGg ;lStgF . t/ w/] } lyof] . tL af6f]df dfUg a:g] ;a} dfUg]x¿sf]
eGbf t ;ofF} ug' f a9L x'Fbf] xf] .
!!= cfdfn] eGg'ePsf] lyof] – ‘dlGb/df eujfgn\ fO{ k;} f r9fP;\ . kh' f/L;Fu 6Lsf nufP/
blIf0ff klg lbP;\ .’
!@= dlGb/sf kh' f/Ln] 6Lsf nfufOlbP . cfdfn] eGg'ePsf] ;D¹]/ blIf0ff lbg / eujfg\nfO{
r9fpgsf nflu d}n] vNtL 5fdF,] ePhlt ;a} vNtL 5fd]F . d t ¹;ª\u} ePF, d;uF Ps
sf8} L klg lyPg . ;6{ / kfOG6df u/]/ d/] f kfrF vNtL 5g\, ;a} l/Qf .
!#= d;Fu ePsf] ;o ?ko} fFdWo] b; ¿k}ofF 6]Dkd' f ef8f lt/]kl5 d;Fu gAa] ?k}ofsF f] v'h'/f
ePsf] lyof] . d}n] dfUg]nfO{ slt lbPF, yfxf 5}g . lx;fa} gu/L lbPF . ;a} ToxLF lbP/
;s5] ' .
!$= d]/f] dfq ;lsof] xfn] f eg]sf] t xfdL ;a} ;fyLx¿sf] ;lsPsf] /x]5 .
!%= ‘nf ¤ eujfg\nfO{ r9fpg] k;} f g} ePg .’
!^= c¿ dflg;x¿n] eujfgs\ f] d"ltd{ f k};f r9fpbF }, 9f]Ub} lyP .
!&= xfdL TolQs} lxF8o\ fF} . kh' f/Ln] eGb} lyP – ‘eujfg\nfO{ bfg u/]/ hfcf] afa' xf] .’
!*= dnfO{ nfUof,] as] f/df ljrf/} gu/L dfUgx] ¿nfO{ dfq k;} f lbOP5 . eujfgn\ fO{ kf]
r9fpgk' Yof{] . ca xfdLnfO{ kfk nfUg] eof] . a? dfUgx] ¿nfO{ glbPsf] eP a? sx] L xg' ]
lyPg .
!(= kml] / csf]{ lrGtf ylkof,] ef]s .
@)= xfdL tLg}hgf c;fWo} ef]sfPsf lyof}F . k};f ePsf] eP ef]ssf] cf}ifwL klg kfOGYof]
/]:6'/]G6lt/ . cln a9L ef]s t uf]hLdf k};f geP/ klg nfus] f] xfn] f .
a]jf:tf M rf;f] glbPsf] cj:yf sf}8L M Hofb} sd d"Nosf], ?k}of,“ k};f
k|;fb M bj] Lbj] tfnfO{ r9fPsf] g}jB] v'h'/f M rfgrg'
blIf0ff M kh" fcfhf u/k] l5 lbOg] ?lkofF
5l/tf] gk] fnL – efu rf/ 49
@!= ef]s, udL{ / ysfO tLg} yf]s ldn]/ rf/l} t/ kx]nF } b]Vg] agfP . xfdL nft] k/]/ dlGb/
kl/;/s} rp/df Pp6f ¿vd'lg a:of}F .
@@= o:t}df Pshgf d]/} cfdfsf] pd/] sL dlxnf cfOg\ / glhssf] cfkmGtnfO{ ¹}F ;f]lwg\ –
‘stfaf6 cfsf xf} afa' xf] <’
@#= ef]sn] hjfkm klg lbg g;sh] :tf] eP/ aNnaNn xfdLn] hafkm lbofF} .
@$= ‘ltdLx¿ efs] fPsf h:tf 5f} . lxF8, lv/ vfg . xfdLn] e08f/f nufPsf 5f}F .’ ltgn]
glhs} b]vfOg\ .
@%= d]/L cfdf / d/] f glhssf cfkmGtn] dfq dnfO{ efs] nfu]sf] yfxf kfp5F g\ h:tf] nfu]sf]
lyof] . t/ hf;] 's}n] aˆ' bf /x]5g\ . ;fob logsf] klg xfdLhq} 5f]/f] xfn] f .
@^= efs] nfus] f] an] fdf lv/, xfdLn] ykLykL vfof}F . e/] klg vfg gkg]{ u/L vfof}F .
@&= efs] t d¥of] t/ ca 3/ s;/L hfgF] < 6D] k'df hfg k;} f 5}g . lx8F /] hfg 6f9f 5 .
@*= xfdLn] w]/a} ]/ ;f]RofF} t/ pkfo lg:s]g . Pp6f sdhf]/ pkfo tf/fn] lgsfNof] – ‘Psk6s
6D] kj' fnfnfO{ cg/' fw] u/f}F g ‘bfO, xfdL a]vrL{ eof}F eg]/ .’
@(= xfdL 6]Dk'kfs{ kU' ofF} . w/] } cg/' fw] u¥of}F t/ sg' } klg 6]Dkj' fnfn] nfG5f}F eg]gg\ .
#)= ca lxF8]/} eP klg hfg' k¥of] eg]/ xfdLn] cfÇgf v'§fnfO{ tDtof/ agfP/ /fVof}F .
;f]Rof}F, 7Ls} 5 ca bO' v{ '§] uf8L slxn] lxF8\5, slxn] bf}8G5 . lsgeg] k]6nfO{ k"mn 6ª\
sL u/]s} 5fF} .
#!= xfdf| ] ufplF t/ hfg] clGtd 6D] k' klg 56' o\ f] . s] ;/' rn5] sl' Gg, gjLg t 6D] ks' f] kl5kl5 bf8} g
yfNof,] tf/f / d klg kl5kl5 bfl} 8ofF} . o;}
/dfOnf] dfg/] bfl} 8/Åof}F .
#@= kGw|aL; ldg6] bf8} ]kl5 6]Dk' /fl] sof] .
##= xfdL :of:F ofF ub{} 6D] ks' f] 9fs] fglhs kU' ofF} .
t/ xfdL r9g\ kfcfnF} f eg/] To;/L bf8} s] f
lyPgfF} .
#$= 6]Dk'jfnfn] xfdLnfO{ af]nfof] . xfdLn]
nf]t M sg' } sfd jf kl/>dn] yfs]sf] tDtof/ M tTk/, tof/ ePsf] cj:yf
kl/;/ M rt] gf, xf;]
e08f/f M j/k/sf] hldg ;/' M vr{ gePsf]
M hfu] L,;GGof;LnfO{ lbOg] ef]hg a]vrL{
50 5l/tf] g]kfnL – efu rf/
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Chharito Nepali class 4 final
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