science class -3- 2077 press

enough rest. Hygienic food, phyical exercise and a sound sleep
keeps us healthy. We should put on clean and seasonal clothes
to be healthy.

We need physical exercises to keep our body healthy.
Running, walking, jogging, playing, walking, yogasan, etc.
are some basic exercises that we perform in our daily life.
The exercises make our body strong and energetic. Our body
parts get stretched and become flexible. It helps to improve
respiratory and circulatory system. Exercises also sharpen our
brain. Oxygen and digested food reach all over the body when
we do exercise. It makes our body healthy. We can do regular
exercises either in the morning or in the evening or when we
have free time.

Yoga Physical Playing Jogging

exercise basketball

After working for long hours, both our body and mind

get tired. When we get tired, then our body needs rest. The

rest and sleep helps to refresh our body. Sleep helps our brain

to function well. Normally, a person needs 6-8 hours’ sleep,

but the duration of sleep depends upon the age of a person.

Children of your age need about 9-10 hours of sound sleep

every day.

Blooming Science, Health and Physical Education Book 3 151

Like exercise and rest, clothing also plays an important role
to maintain our good health. Wearing clean and neat clothes
prevents us from infection of germs. A person looks smart
and healthy if he/she wears clean clothes. The use of clothes
depends on the season and the place we are in. We have to wear
light clothes in summer season and in terai region whereas we
have to wear warm clothes in winter season and in himalayan
region.

In summer, the climate is
hot. So, we should wear thin and
light coloured cotton clothes.
This keeps our body cool.

In winter, the climate is cold. So,
we should wear warm woolen
clothes. This makes our body
warm and protects us from cold.
We must cover our body with
a thick blanket or quilt while
sleeping.

Key words

Jogging – running in a slow pace.

Yogasan – various positions in doing ‘Yoga’.

Stretched – to draw out with full extent.

Flexible – easily bent, capable of being bent.

152 Blooming Science, Health and Physical Education Book 3

Main Points to Remember

 A healthy person is physically strong and mentally alert.
 Hygenic food, physical exercise and enough rest make us healthy. We need to wear

clean and seasonal clothes to be healthy.
 The exercises make the body parts flexible and stretched which makes our body

strong and energetic.
 After continuous work, we get tired and need to take rest. Rest refresh our body.

We should have a sound sleep to stay healthy.
 For a healthy life, we should wear clean and seasonable clothes. Such clothes

protect us from hot, cold and various diseases. The clean clothes also makes us
appear smart.

Project Work

Make a list of clothes that we can wear in summer and
winter seasons in your project work copy. Discuss it in your
class room with your friends and teacher.

Exercise

1. Fill in the blanks with suitable words.
flexible fit rest warm light
a. A healthy person should be .................. in all respects.
b. Physical exercises make our body ..................
c. We need .................. after getting tired.
d. We must wear .................. clothes in summer season.
e. .................. clothes are good in winter season.

Blooming Science, Health and Physical Education Book 3 153

2. Write ‘True’ for the correct sentences and ‘False’ for the
wrong ones.

a. We need to do regular exercise to keep our
body healthy.

b. A healthy person is mentally alert.
c. It is good to sleep for longer time.
d. We get a rest while sleeping.
e. We look smart when we put on clean clothes.
f. Light cotton clothes are good for winter season.

3. Answer the following questions:

a. Why should we do exercise?
..............................................................................................
..............................................................................................
..............................................................................................
b. Write down any two advantages of exercise on our body.

..............................................................................................
..............................................................................................
..............................................................................................
c. How do you take rest when you are tired?
..............................................................................................
..............................................................................................
..............................................................................................

154 Blooming Science, Health and Physical Education Book 3

d. What types of clothes do your wear in a winter season?

..............................................................................................

..............................................................................................

..............................................................................................

e. What types of clothes do you wear in a summer
season?

..............................................................................................

..............................................................................................

..............................................................................................

f. Make a list of any four clothes that you wear in
summer season.

................................... ...................................

................................... ...................................

g. Make a list of any four clothes that you wear in
winter season.

................................... ...................................

................................... ...................................

Blooming Science, Health and Physical Education Book 3 155

Lesson Environmental
Sanitation
16

Learning outcomes
At the end of this lesson, the students will be able to:
 tell the advantages of clean house and surrounding.
 develop the concept to prevent from environmental pollution.
 make the toilet and water resources clean.

Boost Up must be safe

Match the following. healthy living

Environmental cause diseases
pollution unmanaged garbage
and wastes
Dirty house and
surrounding

Clean
environment

Drinking water

156 Blooming Science, Health and Physical Education Book 3

We can not be healthy
only by keeping our
body clean. We also need
to keep our house and
surrounding clean. The
surrounding of a person is
called as an environment.
Everyone likes to live
in a clean and peaceful
environment. There are fewer chances of spreading of diseases
in a clean environment. A clean environment looks attractive
and everyone prefers to live in it. If the surroundings of a place
is not clean, people will suffer from different types of diseases.
Therefore, we need to keep our environment clean.

When various unwanted things are mixed in the
environment, it makes our environment dirty. It is called as
environmental pollution. A dirty environment causes several
diseases. Our environment becomes dirty by following ways.

1. By not managing the household wastes properly.

2. By throwing animal’s wastes everywhere.

3. By leaving pits and water holes around the house as they are.

4. By using open air toilet.

When household wastes and
garbages are thrown every
where, these cause pollution
of air, water and soil. When
the pits and water holes are
filled with water, mosquitoes
and flies grow well which
spreads various diseases.

Blooming Science, Health and Physical Education Book 3 157

The wastes produced from the
house should be managed well. The
wastes that decay like vegetable
scraps, weeds, leaves, leftover
foods, fruits skin, etc. should be
collected in a compost pit as they
form manure. Plastic bags, bottles,
paper, metal scraps, etc. can be
reused or recycled. Some wastes can
be reused and some can be recycled.
Cattles’ dung should be kept in a pit
to make manure. We should cover
up the ditches and water holes near
our house by soil and stones so that mosquitoes do not get
place for breeding. When we manage all the wastes from our
house in a proper way, we can save our environment from
being polluted.

We should not use open air toilet. The environment around
our house becomes polluted if we use an open air toilet. It
makes the environment dirty. There is contamination of water
with harmful germs which causes various diseases. We should
always use a safe and clean toilet. We should keep the toilet
clean. After using it, we should flush it with sufficient water.
We have to use germs killer in the toilet pan and surrounding
area. We should use toilet cleaning liquid and brush to clean
our toilet.

Clean and Safe Water

The sources of water in a community like water taps, stone
spouts, wells, etc. should be kept clean. Water tanks should be
properly covered. We should not defecate or urinate around

158 Blooming Science, Health and Physical Education Book 3

the sources of water. If the water is polluted, it spreads various
harmful diseases. Dirty water causes various diseases like
diarrhoea, cholera, typhoid, jaundice, worms, etc.

The water that is carried to home should be clean. We
should use clean containers to carry water and these must be
covered while storing. We should not dip dirty cups or hands
into the water.
We should use clean and safe water for drinking.
Sometimes, water looks clean but it is not safe to drink because
it has germs in it.
Water can be made safe for drinking by following ways:
1. By boiling
2. By putting water purifier like iodine or water guard.
3. By SOWDIS (solar water Disinfection System) method.
4. By using water filter or Euroguard.

Various ways of purifying water

Blooming Science, Health and Physical Education Book 3 159

Key words

Scrap – a small piece

Contamination – making impure

SOWDIS – one of the method of purifying water by keeping
water in transparent bottle in sunlight. (solar
water disinfection system)

Main Points to Remember

 We need a clean environment to be healthy.
 A dirty environment causes several diseases.
 Our environment can be dirty by throwing the house hold wastes haphazaidly,

open air toilets and by leaving water holes and pits around the houses.
 Environment can be made clean by proper waste management and proper toilet

system.
 Water is very important to us. Its sources must be kept clean.
 We should use clean and germs free water. Water can be purified by boiling,

using water purifier, filtering and by SOWDIS method.

Project Work

Make a list of the activities that you are doing in your
community to keep your environment clean. Discuss it in
your classroom with your friends and teacher.

160 Blooming Science, Health and Physical Education Book 3

Exercise

1. Fill in the blanks with suitable words.
contaminates environment ditches diseases reused
a. We need clean ............................ to be healthy.
b. A dirty environment causes several ............................
c. Plastic bags, metal scraps and bottles can be ................
d. The ............................ must be covered up to prevent
from the breeding of mosquito.
e. Open air toilet ............................ the water.

2. Write ‘True’ for the correct sentences and ‘False’ for the
wrong ones.

a. There are fewer chances of spreading of
diseases in a clean environment.

b. Animal wastes do not pollute the environment.
c. The decayable wastes can be changed into

manure in a compost pit
d. We should store water in a clean vessel.
e. Clean water may contain germs and bacteria.
f. We can throw the garbages in the river.

Blooming Science, Health and Physical Education Book 3 161

3. Answer the following questions:

a. What type of environment do we need? Why?
..............................................................................................
..............................................................................................
b. Write down any three ways by which our environment

is getting polluted.
..............................................................................................
..............................................................................................
c. Write down the names of any four diseases that are

caused by drinking contaminated water.
.................................... ....................................
.................................... ....................................
d. Why should we cover up the ditches by soil and stones?
..............................................................................................
..............................................................................................
e. Write down any two methods of keeping the environment

clean.
..............................................................................................
..............................................................................................

162 Blooming Science, Health and Physical Education Book 3

Lesson

17 Food and Nutrition

Learning outcomes
At the end of this lesson, the students will be able to:
 tell the different types of food and their sources.
 learn importance of nutritive food to be healthy and strong.
 develop the concept of benefits of vegetables and fruits.
 identify and eat safe food.

Boost Up Fruits and vegetables

Match the following.
Foods

Energy giving foods Dal, beans and meat

Body building foods Rice, nan and potato

Protective foods Growth and development

Blooming Science, Health and Physical Education Book 3 163

We eat food daily. We eat food to get energy. Food is
needed for the growth and development of our body. It makes
us healthy and strong. We eat different types of food. We need
to eat balanced food. Balanced diet consists of all different
types of food that contains the essential nutrients. Nutrients
are the useful things for our body.
We get our foods from plants and animals. Our main foods
are prepared from grains, vegetables and fruits. These foods
are obtained from plants. We get milk and milk products, egg,
fish and meat from animals.

Types of Food

On the basis of their functions, the food can be classified as:
Energy giving foods
Body building foods
Protective and regulating foods
The food that we eat provides essential chemical compounds
to our body, which are called as nutrients. On the basis of nutrients.

164 Blooming Science, Health and Physical Education Book 3

We eat following types of food;

1) Carbohydrates 2) Proteins 3) Fats

4) Vitamins 5) Minerals

1. Carbohydrates

We need carbohydrate containing food to get energy. We
need energy to do work and play. Cereals like rice, wheat,
maize, millet, etc. are energy giving foods. Various products
like cooked rice, bread, buffed rice, roti, nan, etc. are made
from cereals. We get carbohydrate from potato also.

2. Proteins

We need proteins for the growth and development of
our body. Protein helps to heal the wounds. We get proteins
from meat, fish and eggs. Similarly, we get protein from plant
sources like peas, beans, nuts, etc. These are used as pulses.

Blooming Science, Health and Physical Education Book 3 165

3. Fat and oil

Fats and oils are the sources of energy. We get fat from
butter, ghee, mustard, ground nut, coconut, sunflower, etc. Fat
is obtained from animal fat as well as plants.

4. Vitamins

Vitamins make our body strong and protect us from
various diseases. Vegetables and fruits are the main sources of
vitamins. We eat roots, stem, leaves, flowers and fruits of many
plants as vegetables. Spinach, lettuce, brinjal, ladys finger,
carrot, radish, cauliflower, broccoli, tomatoes, cucumber, long
gourd, pumpkin, bottle gourd, etc. are the common vegetables
we eat. Similarly; apple, orange, mango, pineapple, guava,
grapes, pomegranate, banana, etc. are the main fruits we eat.

5. Minerals

We need different types of minerals to make our body
strong. Some minerals we need are calcium, iron and iodine. We
need calcium to make our bone and teeth strong. Iron is needed

166 Blooming Science, Health and Physical Education Book 3

to make red blood cells and iodine for physical development.
Milk is the best source of calcium. We get iron in egg-yolk and
dark green vegetables. We get iodine from iodised salt.

Milk and milk Products

We get almost all nutrients from milk. Milk is also called
as complete food. We get milk from cows, buffaloes, goats and
yaks. Milk is used to make curd, butter, ghee, paneer, cheese,
etc. Milk is also used to make different types of sweets which
we use in different occasions.

Blooming Science, Health and Physical Education Book 3 167

Water

Although water is not a food, it is an important component
of food. Water is needed to our body for digestion and
transportation of digested food in the body. It maintains the
temperature of our body and helps to discharge the waste
materials. We need to drink sufficient water every day.

Safe Food

We eat food to get energy. Our food must be clean and
germ free. A safe food is nutritious, clean and germ free. We
must eat safe food to be healthy. We should eat a right amount
of food in a right time. Overeating of food causes indigestion
and obesity as well. We should not eat the food which is in
contact with dirt and flies. Such food is contaminated with
germs. If we eat such food, we get sick.
Most of the packed foods have very little or no nutritional
value. They are called as junk foods. They are not good for
our health. We should eat self prepared food in a clean way.
We should not eat the stale foods. Our foods should contain at
least one component from each group in nutritional value.

We should follow the following good eating habit for a
healthy body.
1. The place where we cook and eat our food must be clean.

168 Blooming Science, Health and Physical Education Book 3

2. We should wash our hands before and after our meal.
3. We should eat properly cooked food.
4. Green vegetables should be washed with clean water

before cutting.
5. Utensils used for eating should be washed, cleaned and

dried well.
6. Foods should always be covered to keep away flies and

other insects.
7. We should not speak while eating our meal.
8. We should chew our food properly before swallowing.

Common Nepalese Food

Sometime we take varieties of foods
like momo, chowmin, pizza, samosa, chat,
cakes, etc. in the restaurant. But these are
not our regular foods.
Regularly, we eat rice or roti (chapati)
as our main food. Along with it, we eat dal
or soup made of peas, beans, etc. We eat meat, fish or milk and
milk products as our food. We include all types of food in our
regular meal

Blooming Science, Health and Physical Education Book 3 169

Key words

Heal – get well, restore to full health.

Transportation – carrying to different parts.
the condition of being very fat or overweight.
Obesity – food that is high in calories but of little
nutritional value.
Junk food –

Main Points to Remember

 A balanced food contains different types of food with of all the essential nutrients.

 On the basis of the functions of food in our body, the foods are of three types. They
are; energy giving food, body building food, protective/regulating food.

 On the basis of nutrients, the foods contain: carbohydrates, proteins, fats,
vitamins and minerals.

 Our main foods which are made by cereals like rice, wheat, millet, maize give us
energy as they contain carbohydrate.

 Pulses like peas, beans, rajma, long bean, etc. contain protein in them and are
body building foods.

 Fats and oils are required to get energy.

 Vegetables and fruits provide vitamins to our body. So, we need to eat green
vegetables and fruits regularly.

 Some minerals are required to our body which we get from fruits and vegetables.

 Milk provide all different types of nutrients. It is called as perfect food. So, we
must take milk and milk products in our meal.

 The nutritional foods alone are not enough to make us healthy. These foods must
be free of contamination as well.

 We should develop a good habit of eating foods.

 We should not eat junk food, stale food and unsafe food.

Project Work

Collect the pictures of some energy giving, body building
and protective food. Paste them in your project work copy
and show to your teacher.

170 Blooming Science, Health and Physical Education Book 3

Exercise

1. Fill in the blanks with suitable words.
iron unsafe energy protein carbohydrates

a. We eat food to get .........................
b. Foods made of cereals contain .........................
c. ......................... helps to heal the wounds in our body.
d. We get ......................... from green leafy vegetables.
e. The contaminated foods are ......................... to eat.

2. Write ‘True’ for the correct sentences and ‘False’ for the
wrong ones.

a. We need food to get energy and for growth.

b. Vitamins and minerals are needed to be
healthy and strong.

c. We should wash the fruits and vegetables
after cutting them.

d. Junk foods provide us essential nutrients.

e. We should not speak while eating meal.

3. Answer the following questions:

a. Write down any four examples of energy giving food.

................................... ...................................

................................... ...................................

Blooming Science, Health and Physical Education Book 3 171

b. Write down any three uses of water in our body.
..............................................................................................
..............................................................................................
..............................................................................................
c. Why is milk known as complete food?
..............................................................................................
..............................................................................................
..............................................................................................
d. What kind of food do we need to eat to be healthy?
..............................................................................................
..............................................................................................
..............................................................................................
e. Why should we eat green vegetables and fruits?
..............................................................................................
..............................................................................................
..............................................................................................

172 Blooming Science, Health and Physical Education Book 3

Lesson Diseases and
Health Services
18

Learning outcomes
At the end of this lesson, the students will be able to:
 identify the diseased condition.
 differentiate communicable and non communicable diseases.
 identify symptoms of some communicable diseases.
 mention the preventive methods of some diseases.
 tell the name of vaccines for some diseases.
 get the knowledge of health services in their locality and take services

in case of sickness.

Boost Up Pharmacy
Hospitals
Match the following. Communicable diseases
Diarrhoea & dysentery Non communicable diseases

Diabetes
Sick people

Medicines

Blooming Science, Health and Physical Education Book 3 173

Sometimes, we do not want to play and work. We feel
uneasy or uncomfortable conditions in our body. At that time,
we are unhealthy. The uneasy condition of the body is called
as disease. A person suffering from diseases is called as sick
person. When we are sick, we can not perform our regular
activities. Sick people are physically and mentally weak.

There are several reasons why diseases occur. We should
be aware of the causes to be away from these diseases.
Some of the causes of diseases are given below.
1. Stale or contaminated food and dirty water cause some

diseases like diarrhoea, dysentery, jaundice, colitis, etc.
2. Different micro organisms like bacteria and virus cause

some diseases like mumps, polio, chicken pox, diptheria, etc.
3. A dirty body leads to scabies, wounds, etc. on the skin.
4. Some diseases are caused by injury or wound and insects

bite also.
5. Unhealthy habits and life style may cause some of the

diseases like lung cancer, high blood pressure, etc.

174 Blooming Science, Health and Physical Education Book 3

Communicable and non communicable disease

Communicable disease

The diseases which can trasmit from one person to another
are called as communicable diseases. They transfer from one
person to other persons by water, food, droplets of sneeze,
sweat and mucus.

Some communicable diseases are given below in brief.

Common cold

It is a very common disease. In
common cold, there is a running nose
and the person may suffer from fever
and headache. They sneeze frequently.
It is caused by a virus.

Diarrhoea

In diarrhoea, there is a pain in the
stomach and frequent release of stool
in the form of liquid. It causes loss of
water from our body. There is the loss
of appetite and vomiting may also
occur. It is caused by bacteria, virus or
due to food poisoning.

Dysentery

In dysentery, there is diarrohea with blood and mucus in
the stools with severe pain in the stomach. A person suffering
from dysentery visits toilet for more times and passes little
stool. It is caused due to contaminated water.

Blooming Science, Health and Physical Education Book 3 175

Measles and chicken pox

When someone suffers from
measles, his/her eyes become red
and rashes are seen on the skin.
The person has cough and running
nose.

Chicken pox is a similar disease like measles. But in chicken
pox, the rashes are first seen on the face and then throughout
the body. The rashes on the skin are itchy. These diseases are
caused by viruses.

Polio

It is also a viral disease. In polio,
the person has sore throat and fever.
The person suffering from polio can
not move his/her hands and legs, or
may be paralysed.

Pneumonia

It is a common disease in
children. The victims feel difficulty
in breathing. Their breathing is
noisy (Ghyar-Ghyar sound comes
while breathing). They also suffer
from fever and body pain. It may be
caused by bacteria, virus or fungi.

Tuberculosis

It may occur in different parts of
our body. It is caused by bacteria.

176 Blooming Science, Health and Physical Education Book 3

Tetanus (Dhanustankar)

The body of victims bends like a
bow and muscles get tight

Diphtheria

It affects the throat. The victims
feel pain in the throat and it is
swollen. It is caused by bacteria.

Non communicable diseases

The diseases which do not transmit from one person
to another are called as non-communicable diseases. The
diseases like cancer, heart disease, asthma, arthritis, etc. are
some non-communicable diseases. These diseases are caused
by malfunction of a part of the body, lack of balanced diet,
consumption of alcohol and smoking, living in a polluted
environment, Junk food, fatty and oily food, lack of exercise, etc.
Diabetes, cancer and heart disease are the common non-
communicable diseases.

Diabetes

In diabetes, the victim feels frequent urination and weak.
The victim feels thirsty after a short duration. It is caused by
improper working of the pancreas.

Blooming Science, Health and Physical Education Book 3 177

Heart disease

Irregular blood pressure is a very common heart disease.
When the blood pressure is more or less than the normal value, it
leads to high or low blood pressure. The main causes of high blood
pressure are consumption of fatty foods and lack of exercise.

Prevention of diseases

We can prevent ourselves from most diseases in the
following ways:

1. By following the methods of maintaining the personal
hygiene and environmental sanitation.

2. By taking balanced food and by drinking sufficient safe water.

3. By controlling harmful insects like houseflies and mosquitoes.

4. By taking enough rest and enough sound sleep.

5. By handling instruments carefully.

6. By doing physical exercises regularly.

7. By taking the vaccines in time.

Vaccination as a preventive measure

We can protect us from some diseases by increasing our
immunity. Immunity is the capacity of our body to resist
diseases. We can increase our immunity by using vaccines.
Vaccines are the medicines which are injected to protect us from
diseases. Many vaccines are made against diseases. Vaccines
are taken at a regular interval of time. There is a fixed age and
term to take vaccine.

178 Blooming Science, Health and Physical Education Book 3

Some vaccines and their vaccination schedule are given below;

S.no Vaccine Against the disease Age term
1
1. BCG Tuberculosis at birth 3

2. DPT Diptheria, whooping 6, 10, 14 2

Cough, tetanus week 3
1
3. TT Tetanus Pregnant
woman

4. OPV (oral Polio 6, 10, 14
polio vaccine) weeks

5. Measles measles 9 months

Source: Comprehensive Multiyear plan (2068-072) Child health
division ministry of health and population.

Health services in Nepal

If we are suffering from diseases, we have to see the health
workers for treatment. We get health services from different places.
We need to go to health centres and visit the doctors. We have to
take medicines and follow the instructions given by the doctors. The
educated people have to suggest the uneducated people to go to
health centre and visit the doctors when they become ill.

In the villages, people believe in faith healers (Dhami and
Jhankari) for the treatment. We should understand that they
are not the medical expert. For the treatment we must go to
the medical experts and not the fake ones like them.

Blooming Science, Health and Physical Education Book 3 179

There are sub-health posts, health posts and health centres
in the villages. Similarly, there are hospitals, nursing homes
and clinics in big cities and towns. Generally, we need to go
to local health service centre if we are in village. We can get
the facilities of vaccination and treatment also. If the health
workers in these health posts/health centres cannot treat well,
we should go to the hospitals in the cities and towns. We get
better facilities and medical experts in hospitals. There are the
facilities of laboratories and pharmacy in the hospitals. In the
hospitals, the doctors examine the patients, nurses take care
of the patients and pharmacy provides medicines. So, we get
better treatment in hospitals.

Main Points to Remember

 An uneasy condition of the body is called disease.
 Stale foods, dirty body, unhealthy habits, injury and lack of vaccination may cause

the diseases.
 There are two types of diseases, communicable and noncommunicable.
 Communicable diseases transfer from person to person and noncommunicable

diseases do not transfer from person to person.
 We should follow the vaccination schedule to be safe from various diseases.
 In case of illness, we need to go to the medical experts for treatment.
180 Blooming Science, Health and Physical Education Book 3

Project Work

Visit a health post or health centre or primary
immunization center nearer to you. Observe how vaccination
is done. Ask the importance of vaccination with health
workers and discuss in your classroom with your friends.

Exercise

1. Fill in the blanks with suitable words.

face contaminated food throat BCG micro organisms
a. Diarrhoea and dysentery are caused by ..................
b. Polio and mumps are caused by ..................
c. .................. is given against tuberculosis.
d. Diptheria victims feel pain in the ..................
e. In chicken pox, rashes are first seen on the ..................

2. Write ‘True’ for the correct sentences and ‘False’ for the
wrong ones.

a. We become sick when we fill uneasy in our body.
b. There is a frequent release of stool mixed with

blood and mucus in diarrohea.
c. Diabetes and cancer are communicable diseases.
d. OPV (oral polio vaccine) has to be given to a

children for three times.
e. We can take the medicines from a Dhami

when we are sick.

Blooming Science, Health and Physical Education Book 3 181

3. Match the following: Tetanus
BCG Polio
DPT Tuberculosis
OpV Diptheria / whooping cough
TT

4. Name the disease having following symptoms:
a. Running nose, fever and headache.
..............................................................................................
b. Frequent passing of stool with blood and mucus.
..............................................................................................
c. Itching, rashes on the skin.
..............................................................................................
d. Body bends like a bow, muscles get tight.
..............................................................................................
e. Noisy breathe with difficulty.
..............................................................................................

5. Answer the following questions.

a. Write down any three common causes of diseases.
..............................................................................................
..............................................................................................

182 Blooming Science, Health and Physical Education Book 3

b. What is noncommunicable disease?
..............................................................................................
..............................................................................................
..............................................................................................
c. What are the symptoms of measles? How can we

prevent from this disease?
..............................................................................................
..............................................................................................
..............................................................................................
d. What are the main causes of heart disease?
..............................................................................................
..............................................................................................
..............................................................................................
e. Write down any three methods of prevention of diseases.
..............................................................................................
..............................................................................................
..............................................................................................

Blooming Science, Health and Physical Education Book 3 183

Lesson

19 Safety and First Aids

Learning outcomes
At the end of this lesson, the students will be able to:
 know the causes of accidents and take safety measures.
 define first aid and list different principles of first aid.
 be safe at different places.
 get and mange first aid in accidents.

Boost Up Hospital

Match the following. To cross the road
Accidents
Pedestrian
First aid
Carelessness
Zebra crossing
Primary treatment to
Footpath an injured person

Injured person

184 Blooming Science, Health and Physical Education Book 3

We walk on the road. We play
in the ground. We do different
types of work in different ways.
Sometimes, we may be injured by
different ways. We may be injured
while cutting vegetables, while
playing, getting on or off from
the bus, etc. Some incidents may
happen suddenly and unknowingly. The incidents that happen
suddenly and unknowingly are called as accidents. There is
no proper time and no proper place for an accident to occur.
Accidents often happen when people are careless or in a hurry.
Accidents cause injury, pain and sometimes death. We should
be careful to avoid an accident. We must remember and follow
safety rules all the time to avoid accidents.

Most of the accidents a take
place in cities and towns. People
and vehicles are increasing day
by day in the cities. Large number
of people are living in the cities
and the number of vehicles are
also higher in the cities. This is
the main reason for accidents in
the towns and cities. Most of the
accidents occur by not following the traffic rules. We can avoid
the accidents by following the traffic rules and safety measures.

In the village, we walk through forests, streams and steepy
paths. The people may fall down and get injured while walking
or playing on slippery slopes and crossing the streams. We may
fall down when we climb on the trees. If we are not careful, we
may be injured by insects sting also. We need to be careful to
avoid such accidents.

Blooming Science, Health and Physical Education Book 3 185

Safety Rules

The rules which we follow to take care of ourselves and
others to prevent any accidents are called as safety rules. If we
follow the safety rules, we will be away from accidents.

Safety at home

1. Do not play with sharp objects like knives, blades, scissors,
sickle, etc.

2. Electric wires should not be left open. Do not touch electric
plugs with wet hand and bare feet. Do not touch the naked
wires.

3. Fire should be put out when it is not in use. Do not play
with matchsticks, fire crackers, lighter, etc. for fun.

4. The floor should not be slippery. The spilled water must
be wiped off properly. Do not walk on the slippery floor.

186 Blooming Science, Health and Physical Education Book 3

Safety at school

1. Always walk in a line when you are moving together.
2. Do not run and play in the classroom. Do not climb on the

furnitures.
3. Do not run and play in the stairs.
4. Do not push your friends while playing. Do not play rough

games and do not fight with your friends.
5. Be in a queue while going to the toilet, canteen and getting

in or off the school bus.

Safety on the road

1. We should walk on the footpath. If there is no footpath, we
should walk on the right side of the road.

2. Always cross the road from the zebra crossing only. If there
is no zebra crossing, look at your right, cross halfway, then
left and cross the road when there are no vehicles. Donot
go back while crossing the road.

3. We should follow the traffic light if there is traffic light on
the road.

4. Do not walk in a moving bus.
5. Do not get in or off a moving bus.
6. When you are in a school bus, do not leave your seat and

listen to the driver or the helper carefully.

Blooming Science, Health and Physical Education Book 3 187

7. Do not go alone in the forest, stream and swimming pool.
8. Do not tease the animals on the road.
9. Do not climb on the trees.

First Aid

We should follow safety rules everywhere. Safety rules
reduce the chances of accidents. However, accidents occur
unknowingly and suddenly. So, a good practice is required to
save life after an accident. This good practice is first aid.
The immediate help or treatment provided to an injured
person before the arrival of a doctor or a medical expert is
called as first aid. We should know the principles and practice
of first aid.
We should remember the following principles of first aid.
1. We should remain calm and help the victim to remain calm.
2. We should not begin to do anything if we do not have a

good knowledge. We should call an adult person to help.
3. We should not allow other people to gather around the

injured person.
4. We should make the victim lie down with the head low in

case of fainting.

188 Blooming Science, Health and Physical Education Book 3

5. In case of bleeding, the bleeding of wound can be stopped
by placing a bandage over the wound and pressing firmly
with the palm of our hand. We should clean the cut or
wound with an antiseptic.

6. If the bleeding has occurred in the limbs, the wounded
limb should be kept raised above the victim’s heart.

7. The victim should be brought to the hospital safely as soon
as possible.

First Aid Box

You might have seen a small box with a red plus sign (+)
in its outer surface kept in some places like laboratories, school
bus, etc. It is a first aid box. The box in which different kinds of
medicines and instruments are kept for providing first aid is
called a first aid box. It contains cotton, bandage, dettol (or any
antiseptic), tape, scissors, etc.

Blooming Science, Health and Physical Education Book 3 189

Key words

Steepy – having steps

Wipe – clean or dry by rubbing with a cloth
Fire cracker – explosive thing which explodes with fire
Antiseptic – preventing the growth of disease causing microbes

Main Points to Remember

 Accidents occur suddenly or unknowingly when we are careless or in a hurry.
 In cities and towns, accidents are caused due to over traffic and overcrowding.
 In villages, accidents occur due to sleepy roads, slippery paths, streams, etc.
 We must obey safety rules in all places to avoid accidents.
 The treatment provided to an injured person before the arrival of a doctor is

called as first aid.
 We should know the principles and practice of first aid before providing first aid

to a victim.

Project Work

Make a first aid box for your home with all necessary things
in it with the help of your parents. Show it to the teacher.

Exercise

1. Fill in the blanks with suitable words.

calm careless zebra crossing first aid bare feet and hands

a. Accidents offen happen when people are .....................
b. We should cross the road at a .....................

190 Blooming Science, Health and Physical Education Book 3

c. We should not touch electric switch with .....................
d. ..................... is an immediate care.
e. We should remain ..................... to help the victim.

2. Write ‘True’ for the correct sentences and ‘False’ for the
wrong ones.

a. Accidents occur unknowingly and suddenly.

b. We can cross the road from anywhere.

c. If there is no footpath, we should walk on
the right side of the road.

d. We should follow safety rules to avoid accidents.

e. We can provide treatment to a injured person
after an accident.

3. Match the following: Shock
First aid

Accidents Keep us safe

Safety rules Cut

Sharp instrument Occur suddenly

Electricity Immediate help

Blooming Science, Health and Physical Education Book 3 191

4. Answer the following questions:

a. What is an accident?
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b. How does an accident occur?
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c. What safety rules should you be following while

using electricity?
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d. What is first aid?
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..............................................................................................
e. Why is the number of accidents more in cities and towns?
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192 Blooming Science, Health and Physical Education Book 3

Lesson Smoking and
its effects
20

Learning outcomes
At the end of this lesson, the students will be able to:
 introduce smoking and its types.
 tell the bad effects of smoking.
 make the concept that smoking is injurious to health.
 advice people to not smoke.

Boost Up

Make a list of bad effects seen in smokers.
1.
2.
3.
4.

Some people have different bad habits. Drinking alcohol,
durg addiction, gambling and smoking are the pre-existing
social evils in our society. Among various bad habits, the effects
of smoking are discussed in this lesson.

Blooming Science, Health and Physical Education Book 3 193

The habit of using tobacoo in any form is called as smoking.
Tobacoo is taken into the body in the form of cigarette, bindi, khaini,
tamakhu and chewing tobacoo. Tobacco is a plant. The leaves are
dried and cut into small pieces. Then they are used for smoking.
Smoking tobacoo is very bad for the health of a person.
Smoking for a long time may cause diseases like TB, cancer,
etc. which can take our life untimely. Smoking is a habit which
is difficult to give up. So, we must stay away from smoking.
If we see anyone smoking, we should advise them not to do
so. The persons who have the habit of smoking are called as
smokers. Smoking not only affects the smokers but also the
people who are around them. Those people sitting near or
around the smokers are called as passive smokers.
Nicotine is found in tobacoo. It is a poisonous chemical
that is also considered as silent killer. When we take in nicotine
in any form, it harms our body organs.

Effects of smoking

Smoking is injurious to health. Smoking has a serious
impact on the human health. It mainly affects the respiratory
system. Smoking also decreases the life span of smokers.
Some effects of smoking are given below:
1. Smoking affects the lungs and causes asthma, bronchitis,

tuberculosis and lungs cancer.

194 Blooming Science, Health and Physical Education Book 3

2. It can cause the heart diseases.

3. It causes a bad smell and mouth ulcer.

4. Smoking makes the skin black, mainly lips and gums.

5. Spitting here and there after chewing tobacoo can make
the surrounding dirty.

healthy lungs smokers lungs

It is necessary to avoid smoking. Smokers may be in our
family and community. If anybody smokes, we should suggest
them not to smoke. We should aware such persons about the
harmful effects of smoking.

Nepal government has banned the smoking of cigarettes in
public places. There is a rule to charge penalty for this activity.
We can give this information to active smokers. The awareness
should be created among the common people.

Blooming Science, Health and Physical Education Book 3 195

Key words

Addiction – the state of being enslaved to a habit.

Pre-existing – to exist prior to.
Evils – morally wrong or bad.
Nicotine – toxic substance found in tobacoo.
Injurious – harmful.
Penalty – a punishment imposed for a violation of rule.

Main Points to Remember

 The habit of using tobacoo in any form is called smoking.

 The persons that smoke are called as smokers.

 Tobacoo is used in various forms like cigarettes, khaini, tamakhu, bidi, etc.

 The people around smokers are passive smokers. They are also affected by
smoking.

 Smoking is injurious to health. It causes various harmful effects in human health.

 Smoking causes respiratory diseases, heart diseases, mouth and lungs cancer,
etc.

 Tobacoo is a plant whose leaves are used for smoking in dried form. It contains
nicotine which is a poisonous chemical.

 We should be away from smoking. We should suggest smokers to avoid it.

196 Blooming Science, Health and Physical Education Book 3

Project Work

Draw the picture to show ‘No smoking’ sign in your
project work copy and colour it. Show it to your teacher.

Exercise

1. Fill in the blanks with suitable words.
lips tobacoo passive nicotine injurious

a. ............................ is used in cigarettes.
b. The harmful substance found in tobacoo is ..................
c. The people living around smokers are .....................

smokers.
d. Smoking is ........................ to health.
e. Smoking makes the ..................... black.

2. Write ‘True’ for the correct sentences and ‘False’ for the
wrong ones.

a. Drinking alcohol, drug addiction and smoking are
social evils.

b. Nicotine is a useful medicine.
c. Smoking reduces our life span.
d. Awareness helps people to avoid bad habits.
e. One can smoke in a public place.

Blooming Science, Health and Physical Education Book 3 197

3. Match the following: Non smokers
Alcohol Nicotine
Smoking Asthma
Tobacoo Drinking

Healthy life

4. Answer the following questions:

a. What is smoking?
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..............................................................................................
b. What is the poisonous substance found in tobacoo?
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c. Who are passive smokers?
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d. Write down any three effects of smoking in human health.
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..............................................................................................
e. What would you do if you saw your family member

is smoking?
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198 Blooming Science, Health and Physical Education Book 3

Model Questions

1. Fill in the blanks with suitable words.

Good, basic need, sense, climb, communicable

a. We have five ......................... organs in our body.
b. Keeping our house and school clean is a

......................... habit.
c. Food is one of the ......................... of our life.
d. Diarrhoea is a ......................... disease.
e. We should not ......................... on trees.

2. Write ‘True’ for correct sentences and ‘False’ for the
wrong ones.

a. We should brush our teeth twice a day. ...............

b. We should bend our back while sitting. ...............

c. We can wipe the wet floor by using the mop. ...............

d. There should be a separate room for toilet

and bathroom. ...............

e. We should always drink boiled milk. ...............

f. We can keep drinking water in any container. ...............

g. Balanced diet, sound sleep and exercise ...............
make us healthy.

h. Ambulance can go to all villages. ...............

i. We should always walk on the footpath. ...............

j. Fire cracker is safe for us. ...............

Blooming Science, Health and Physical Education Book 3 199

3. Whether the followings are Good habit or Bad habit?
Write down.

4. Match the following. Proper arrangement of hair
Clean body Cleaning ears
Shampoo Good health
Nail cutter Washing hair
Comb Trimming nails
Cotton bud

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