science class -3- 2077 press

Exercise

1. Fill in the blanks with suitable words.
Fog sunshine Sun lighter Storm himalayan
a. ......................... is the main factor that changes the
weather.
b. The water vapour is ......................... than cold air.
c. ......................... causes destruction.
d. Snowfall occurs in ......................... region.
e. ......................... is a thick cloud close to the ground.
f. We feel cold when ......................... is blocked by cloud
or fog.

2. Write ‘True’ for the correct sentences and ‘False’ for the
wrong ones.

a. When air blows, clothes dry faster.
b. We feel cold during winter season..
c. A cloudy day is warmer than a clear day.
d. Fog decreases the visibility and may cause

road accidents.

e. In winter, the sun lies far from the earth.
f. All the trees remain green in winter season.

Blooming Science, Health and Physical Education Book 3 101

3. Answer the following questions.
a. What is weather ? What are the factors affecting weather?
.............................................................................................
.............................................................................................
.............................................................................................
.............................................................................................
b. How does cloud form? Why is cloudy day colder?
.............................................................................................
.............................................................................................
.............................................................................................
c. Is it safe to walk out when there is storm outside? Why?
..............................................................................................
.............................................................................................
.............................................................................................
.............................................................................................
d. How does snowfall occur?
..............................................................................................
.............................................................................................
.............................................................................................
.............................................................................................

102 Blooming Science, Health and Physical Education Book 3

e. Write any two ways that we can do to prevent from
extreme cold.

..............................................................................................
.............................................................................................
.............................................................................................
.............................................................................................
4. Study the given picture and answer the following questions.

a. Which weather is shown in the picture?
.............................................................................................
.............................................................................................
.............................................................................................
.............................................................................................

Blooming Science, Health and Physical Education Book 3 103

b. What are the people doing?
.............................................................................................
.............................................................................................
.............................................................................................
.............................................................................................
c. This season is very important for farmers, why ?
.............................................................................................
.............................................................................................
.............................................................................................
.............................................................................................
5. Draw the picture of a tree during the winter season.

104 Blooming Science, Health and Physical Education Book 3

Lesson The Earth

11

Learning outcomes
At the end of this lesson, the students will be able to:
 identity three parts (spheres) of the earth.
 explain the land forms (lithosphere) of the earth in brief.
 tell the types (hard and soft) and uses of rocks.
 tell the presence of air, water and organic matters in soil.

Boost Up Hills
Valley
Match the following. Found in earth only
Living organisms Ocean
Plain
Water part of the earth
Flat part of the earth

Low land covered by hills
Sloppy land

The earth is the living place of all the animals and plants.
The presence of air, water and suitable temperature supports
the life in it. It is made up of rocks, soil, air, water, minerals, etc.
The shape of the earth is like that of an orange. In shape, it is

Blooming Science, Health and Physical Education Book 3 105

slightly flattened at the poles. Its surface is
made by land and water. Out of four parts
of the earth, 3 parts are covered by water
and one part of the surface is land. Plants
and animals live both on land and in water.
The earth is surrounded by a layer of air
which is made by many gases and water
vapour.

Various parts of the earth

Lithosphere (Part of Land)

About one fourth of the earth’s
surface is made by land. The part
of the surface of the earth made by
land is called as lithosphere. The
land part of the earth is not the
same every where. Different types
of land forms like plains, hills,
valleys and mountains are seen in
various places.

A plain is a flat surface of the earth with a lower height.
The plains get the fertile soil from hilly region deposited by the
rivers. So, these are suitable for agriculture.

The land with slope is the hill.
There is variation in the climate
in the hills as these are the sloppy
land forms. These have less height.
Various rivers flow through the
hills.

106 Blooming Science, Health and Physical Education Book 3

The slopy land with more
height than the hills are the
mountains. Some mountains
have more slope and covered by
snow. Such mountains are called
himalayas. Many himalayas are
found in our county. These are the
sources of rivers. The life is very
difficult in this land form.
In hilly areas, there are some
plains surrounded by hills. That are
called as valleys. A valley contains
fertile soil. It is good for agriculture
and suitable place to live in.

Hydrosphere (Part of Water)

The large part of the earth’s surface is covered by water.
This part of the earth’s surface is called as hydrosphere. This
part is made by lakes, ponds, rivers, seas and oceans.

Atmosphere (Part of Air)

The earth has a thick layer
of air around it. This is called
as atmosphere. The atmosphere
is made by gases like nitrogen,

Blooming Science, Health and Physical Education Book 3 107

oxygen and carbon dioxide. The atmosphere also contains
smoke, dust particles, water vapour and clouds. As we go
higher from the surface of the earth, the layer of air becomes
thinner.

Rocks and Soil

When we observe the earth’s surface we can see soil. Below
the soil layer, there are small stones mixed with soil. The hard
rock is found below the thin layer. There are different types of
rocks in different places.

The rocks are found just under the soil layer and where there
is no soil. Some of the rocks are soft and others are hard. The soft
rocks are broken easily. We can find the softness or hardness of
a rock by scratching them. Soft rocks can be scratched with hard
rocks easily. The rocks have different colours.

Rocks are very useful to us. They are used to make houses,
walls, statues, etc. The rocks like marble and granite are used
to lay on the floor and slates are used on roof of the houses.

The earth is full of different types of rocks. These rocks
break into smaller pieces because of the effect of the sun, wind
and rain. The broken particles of rocks mix with decayed
matters of plants and animals to form soil. There are small
particles of rocks, degraded objects, air and water in soil. The
soil of different places differs accordingly.

Activity: 1

Dig the soil of different places. Put some
soil on a thin paper. Observe whether it
contains water or not. Write down your
conclusion.

108 Blooming Science, Health and Physical Education Book 3

Activity: 2

Put some soil into a jar containing water.
Observe whether air bubbles come out
of soil or not. What conclusion can you
make? Write down.

When we dig soil from a place and keep it on a thin paper,
we can see that the paper becomes wet after sometime. This
shows that soil contains water. Similarly, when soil is taken in
a vessel and water is poured in it, air bubbles are seen as air
is filled in soil. The soil also contains decayed organic matters.
Decayed organic matter present in soil is called as humus.
Plants get various minerals and nutrients from the soil.

Activity: 3

What do we find in soil?

Put a handful of soil in a glass or a beaker.
Add water into it nearly upto the top. Stir
it with a glass rod. Keep it in safe place for
few hours. Observe it . What can you see?
You will see various layers in the soil.

When we observe it, we will see decayed matters or humus on
the surface of water. Below this there is a fine layer and sand particles.
Similarly, gravel like stones are seen at the bottom of the glass.

Key words

Minerals – inorganic substance needed for growth of plants.

Flattened – become flat.
Variation – change in condition, amount or level.
Scratch – mark the surface with a sharper pointed object.

Blooming Science, Health and Physical Education Book 3 109

Main Points to Remember

 The earth is the living place of all animals and plants.
 The earth is made by three different parts; They are lithosphere, hydrosphere and

atmosphere.
 Lithosphere covers about one fourth of the earth’s surface. It is the land form

made by plains, hill, valleys and mountains.
 Hydrosphere contains about three fourth of the earth’s surface. It is the water

part of the earth made by lakes, ponds, rivers and oceans.
 Atmosphere lies around the earth’s surface and is made by many gases, smoke,

dust particles and water vapour.
 The earth’s surface is made by rocks and soil.
 The rocks are hard or soft and found in different colours.
 Soft rocks Generally, break and mix with humus and forms soil after a long

period of time.
 The soil contains decayed organic matters (humus), air, water and small particles

of rocks.

Project Work

1. Dig some soil from your garden, keep it in a glass bottle
and mix it with water. Stir it with a glass rod and keep
it aside for few hours. Bring it in your classroom and
observe various layers seen in it. Discuss with your
friends and teacher.

2. Take a globe and show the parts of land and water to
your teacher in it.

110 Blooming Science, Health and Physical Education Book 3

Exercise

1. Fill in the blanks with suitable words.
hills flattened lithosphere himalayas three fourth

a. The earth is spherical but slightly ......................... at
the poles.

b. About ......................... part of the earth’s surface is
covered by water.

c. The land part of the earth is called as .........................

d. Snow covered high lands with more slope are .................

e. ........................ are the land with slopes.

2. Write ‘True’ for the correct sentences and ‘False’ for the
wrong ones.

a. About half of the earth’s surface is made by land.
b. Atmosphere is made by gases, water vapour,

smoke and dust particles.
c. The flat surface of land surrounded by hills is

called a valley.
d. Hardness of rock can be checked by scratching.
e. The soil does not contain any organic

matters in it.
f. The broken part of rocks along with humus

forms soil.

Blooming Science, Health and Physical Education Book 3 111

3. Answer the following questions:

a. What is the shape of the earth?
..............................................................................................
..............................................................................................
..............................................................................................
b. What are the three parts of the earth? By what the

land form of earth is made?
..............................................................................................
..............................................................................................
..............................................................................................
c. Why do the plain land contain fertile soil?
..............................................................................................
..............................................................................................
..............................................................................................
d. What is found below the soil? Write down any two

uses of that substance.
..............................................................................................
..............................................................................................
..............................................................................................

112 Blooming Science, Health and Physical Education Book 3

e. How can you say whether the soil contains air or
not? Write in brief.

..............................................................................................
..............................................................................................
..............................................................................................
f. How many types of rocks are there? How can we

check the hardness of a rock?
..............................................................................................
..............................................................................................
..............................................................................................
4. Draw a diagram to show various layers of soil.

Blooming Science, Health and Physical Education Book 3 113

Lesson Information and
communication
12
Technology

Learning outcomes
At the end of this lesson, the students will be able to:
 introduce information.
 identify and tell letters, radio, telephone and newspapers as means of

information.
 Explain the use of means of information in brief.

Boost Up Information of political change
in other country
Match the following.
Letters Can talk with each other

Radio

Telephone Information of public holiday

News papers Information of various things
to the relatives living far

114 Blooming Science, Health and Physical Education Book 3

Hello! How Hi! I am fine
are you? thank you. What

about you?

Communication without Communication with
using technology using technology

When we meet with our friends, we talk with each other
about various things. If we can not go to school, we send an
application letter to our class teacher asking for leave. We make
telephone call to our friends to know about the homeworks. We
can do video call by using computer and internet to talk with
our relatives who are abroad. Similarly, we get information
about other countries and other parts of our own country by
using medias like radio, newspapers, television, etc.

These facts about many things we get from various
resources are informations. The resources or devices which we
use to get information are the means of information.

We can exchange the informations with others and we can
get the informations by various ways. The process of exchanging
information is communication. We can communicate by speaking,
reading, writing and by using various means of communication.

Various means of information and communication

Blooming Science, Health and Physical Education Book 3 115

Some commonly used means of information are discussed
below in brief.

Letters

A letter is a message written or printed in a piece of paper
and sent to somebody. The letters are kept in an envelop in
which the name and address of the sender and receiver are
written. These are put in a post box with a stamp and the post
man brings the letter to the receiver. Generally, this service is
given by government offices.

Radio and Television

We can listen to the news, informations and other
programmes in a radio. We can watch the programmes in
television. With the use of radio and television we are able to
listen or watch various informations or programmes.

Newspaper

Newspaper is a printed paper which has news, events,
informations, pictures, etc. The newspapers are printed in a
press and brought to us by a postman, sellers or hawkers.

Telephone

Telephone is a means of communication which allows

116 Blooming Science, Health and Physical Education Book 3

two persons to talk with each other. In telephone, messages
are carried by wires. But no wires are used in mobile phones.
Mobile phones carry the messages through satellites and air in
the form of waves.

Nowadays, computer has become a very efficient means
of communication. Computers can be connected to a network
called internet. Using the
internet, we can call our
relatives and friends. We can
send e-mail and we can have
video call also. Similarly, by
using various applications
in the internet we can get
many informations for the
same purpose. We can also use some advanced type of mobile
phones.

There are two types of communication. They are’ one-way
communication and two-way communication.

In a one-way communication, the massage is given from the
sender to the receiver. The reciever can not reflect the message
at the same time. A letter, notice on tv, radio, newspaper, speech,
fax, etc. are some examples of one-way communication.

In a two-way communication, the flow of messages take
place in two ways. The receiver and sender can have the
conversation with each others in the same time. Telephone,
internet chatting, e-mail, conversation, seminars, etc. are some
examples of two way communication.

Blooming Science, Health and Physical Education Book 3 117

Key words

Envelope – a flat paper used to enclose a letter.

Stamp – a small piece of paper stuck to an envelope of a letter
to show that an amount of money has been paid.
Internet
– a global computer network providing a variety of
E-mail information and communication facilities.
Reflect
Satellite – electronic mail.

– send back/give back/reply

– an artificial body placed in orbit round the earth in
order to collect information or for communication

Main Points to Remember

 The facts about many things we get from various resources are called informations.
We get informations by various means of information.

 The process of exchanging information is communication.
 We can get the information by letters, radio, television, newspapers and telephone.
 Now a days computers connected to the internet network have been widely used

as a means of information and communication technology (ICT).
 We can have one-way communication by letters, radio, television, news paper, speech, etc.
 We can have two-way communication by using telephone, e-mail, voice chat

through internet, seminars, etc.

Project Work

1. Listen to the news given by a radio or watch the news
given by a television. Note down one of the news, share
it in your classroom with your friends and teacher.

2. Read the newspaper at your home/school/ library. Note
down one of the news you like, share it in your class room
with your friends and teachers.

3. Make a conversation with your friend or relative in
telephone with the help of your parents/teacher.

118 Blooming Science, Health and Physical Education Book 3

Exercise

1. Fill in the blanks with suitable words.
satellite information two-way one-way letter
a. The fact we get from various resources is .....................
b. Radio is a means of ..................... communication.
c. Telephone is a means of ..................... communication.
d. A ..................... is a message written in a piece of
enveloped paper.
e. A television station sends the informations by ............

2. Write ‘True’ for the correct sentences and ‘False’ for the
wrong ones.
a. A printed paper with information is newspaper.
b. E-mail is a method of one-way communication.
c. The process of exchanging information is
communication.
d. The station prepares programmes for radio.
e. We can use computers without internet to
collect various informations about the world.

Blooming Science, Health and Physical Education Book 3 119

3. Answer the following questions:

a. What is communication? Write down any three
means of one-way communication.

..............................................................................................
..............................................................................................
..............................................................................................
b. Is the bell ringing in your school a means of

information? Why ?
..............................................................................................
..............................................................................................
..............................................................................................
c. What is telephone ? What type of means of

communication is it?
..............................................................................................
..............................................................................................
..............................................................................................
d. What is newspaper ? Write down the name of any

three newspapers that you have read or seen.
..............................................................................................
..............................................................................................
..............................................................................................

120 Blooming Science, Health and Physical Education Book 3

e. How can we get the informations by a radio? Write
down the name of any one FM radio station and any
one programme you heard in that radio.

..............................................................................................
..............................................................................................
..............................................................................................
4. Draw the picture of any one means of communication
and colour it.

Blooming Science, Health and Physical Education Book 3 121

Lesson Some Local
Technologies
13

Learning outcomes
At the end of this lesson, the students will be able to:
 name some common technologies.

 tell the advantages of some local technologies like compost manure,
biogas, sharpening tools and cold stores.

Boost Up Dig the fields
Cooking food.
Match the following. Cut grasses
Manure Making flour
Mixed in soil
Stone grinder (Janto)

Gobar gas

Sickle

Spade

Human beings have developed different technologies since
ancient time. They have made their works easy and fast by using
different available tools and technologies. Such technologies

122 Blooming Science, Health and Physical Education Book 3

are called as local technologies. Local technologies are made by
people without the proper knowledge of their scientific ways
of working. The people have been using such technologies to
make their lives easier. Some examples of local technologies
which we are using are weaving clothes and carpets, making
bamboo baskets (Doko/Dalo), grinding grains in stone
grinder (Janto) and panighatta, Dhiki, charkha spade, sickle,
etc. Many local technologies are made from the resources that
have gone to waste.
There are various local technologies which we are using
in our daily life. Among these, compost manure, biogas,
sharpening tools and cold store are described here in brief.

Some local technologies

Compost manure

Compost manure is a locally prepared organic fertilizer.
The waste materials of our kitchen such as peels of vegetables
and fruits, leftover food, weeds and wastes of cowsheds are
used to make compost manure. To make it, the substances

Blooming Science, Health and Physical Education Book 3 123

which can decay are collected in a pit. The wastes decay after
some days and forms a black solid mass after mass called as
compost manure.

Advantages of making compost manure

1. Decaying wastes are collected in a pit. Due to this, they
are not scattered everywhere and helps in keeping the
environment clean.

2. Compost manure is very good for plants. It consists of all
nutrients for plants to grow.

3. Compost manure is made by using decaying wastes and
garbages. It saves money by reducing the expenses of
buying chemical fertilizer.

Biogas

The gas made by animals’ decaying excreta is biogas. It
is also called as ‘Gobar gas’. The place where biogas is made
is called biogas plant. For this purpose, cattle dung or human
faeces are collected in a tank. It decays and a gas is formed.
This gas is used for cooking and to get light. It is one of the
alternative sources of energy in our country. The residue
obtained after producing biogas can be used as manure in the
farms.

124 Blooming Science, Health and Physical Education Book 3

Advantages of using biogas

1. Biogas can be used as a source of energy for cooking and
as a source of light energy.

2. As the use of biogas does not produce smoke and reduces
the use of fire wood in the kitchen, it minimizes the air
pollution.

3. As it is prepared by using animals’ excreta, it saves money
used for buying cooking fuels.

Sharpening tools

We use different types of tools to cut, chop and dig in our
daily life. Some of such tools are knife, khukuri, sickle, axe,
spade, etc. They get blunt when we use them for a long time.
Blunt tools cannot cut the things properly. So, they should be
sharpened regularly.

Blooming Science, Health and Physical Education Book 3 125

When these tools become blunt, these are sharpened by
using local technology. The tools are sharpened by rubbing
them on hard stone or hard rough surfaces. After rubbing, the
cutting end becomes thinner and sharper.
Such tools are also sharpened by heating till red and
hammering them. Nowadays, some sharpners are also available
to sharpen such tools. The sharpeners contain a wheel which
on spinning, sharpens the cutting edge.

Advantages of sharpening tools

1. Sharpened tools cut or chop things easily.
2. They help to save money because same tools can be used

after sharpening.

Cold Store

We all need food to eat. We eat different types of food. Cereals
like rice, wheat, maize and millet, vegetables, fruits, milk, fish,
meat, etc. are our main food items. Most of the crops do not
grow throughout the year. But we need them for our everyday
use. So, we need to store such food items for longer use.

126 Blooming Science, Health and Physical Education Book 3

The grains like rice, wheat, maize can be dried and stored
for a long time. We can store lentils and pulses also in dried
forms. But everything we use as food is not dry. We also eat
fruits, vegetables, meat and fish.
Fruits and vegetables are eaten fresh. They should be stored
in cold places to keep them fresh. In small quantity, we can
keep them in a refrigerator at homes. It is a small place hence
we cannot store the food in large quantities. Therefore, large
cold storage houses are made for storing fruits and vegetables.
The store is made cold by using electricity. A cold store is a big
house like a fridge. Larger amount of vegetables and fruits are
stored in cold stores to keep them fresh for a long time.

Some dry stores

Advantages of cold store

1. We can eat fresh fruits, vegetables and other foods for a long time.
2. We can eat some fruits and vegetables in off-season also.
3. The farmers can earn more money by selling the stored

foods in off-season.

Blooming Science, Health and Physical Education Book 3 127

Key words

Organic – a substance with animal or plant origin.

Fertilizer – any substance used to fertilize the soil.

Weeds – unwanted plants that grow with crops.

Excreta – excreted matter like urine, faeces.

Residue – something that remains, disposed.

Edge – a line at which a surface ends.

Offseason – a time of year in which particular plants are not
grown.

Main Points to Remember

 People are using local technologies without the proper knowledge of their
scientific way of working to make their lives easy.

 The wastes and garbages from our kitchen can be collected in a pit and after some
days such things decay and change into compost manure.

 Compost manures are the organic fertilizers that increase the fertility of soil and
also save money that would have been spent to buy chemical fertilizers.

 Biogas (Gobar gas) is prepared by the decomposition of animals excreta in a
biogas plant. The residue can be used as manure and gas formed is used for
heating and to get light energy.

 We use various sharp tools in our daily life. After using for a longer time, they become
blunt and can be sharpened by using hard stone or rough surface.

 The crops do not grow throughout the year. So, we need to store them to use as
our food during off seasons.

 Some food items like cereals and pulses are stored by drying them properly and
in dry places.

 The fruits and vegetables have to be eaten fresh. So, they cannot be dried. A cold
store is a big house like a fridge in which the substances are cooled by passing
electricity. The fruits and vegetables are stored in such cold stores.

128 Blooming Science, Health and Physical Education Book 3

Project Work

1. Encourage your parents to make or to use a compost pit
at one corner of the kitchen garden and observe how the
kitchen wastes and garbages are changed into manure.
Discuss in your class.

2. Observe how the tools are sharpened in your house or
community. Discuss with your friends in class.

3. Visit a gobar gas plant and cold store if available in your
area with the help of parents/teacher. Ask about the
technology with the responsible person and discuss in
your class with your friends.

Exercise

1. Fill in the blanks with suitable words.
electricity rough stone technologies biogas manure
a. Human beings developed different .................. to
make their lives easy.
b. The black mass formed by decaying wastes is ..................
c. The gas formed by decaying animals excreta is .................
d. The blunt tools can be sharpened by rubbing them
with ..................
e. .................. is used to keep the substances fresh in a
cold store.

Blooming Science, Health and Physical Education Book 3 129

2. Write ‘True’ for the correct sentences and ‘False’ for the
wrong ones.
a. Compost manure is made by decaying waste or
garbages.
b. Bio gas is filled in a gas cylinder.
c. The blunt tools are made sharp by using local
technology.
d. At home, fruits and vegetable are kept fresh by
keeping in a fridge.
e. Cold store is made hot by passing electricity
while storing food items.

3. Identity the following and write their names.

130 Blooming Science, Health and Physical Education Book 3

4. Answer the following questions:
a. Write down any three local technologies used in our
country with their uses.
..............................................................................................
..............................................................................................
b. How is compost manure made?
..............................................................................................
..............................................................................................
c. Write down any two advantages of compost manure.
..............................................................................................
..............................................................................................
..............................................................................................
d. Write down any two uses of biogas in our daily life.
..............................................................................................
..............................................................................................
e. How does sharpening tools save money?
..............................................................................................
..............................................................................................
f. Why do we need cold store?
..............................................................................................
..............................................................................................

Blooming Science, Health and Physical Education Book 3 131

5. Draw the picture of a sharp tool used in our daily life.
Colour it and write down its use.

132 Blooming Science, Health and Physical Education Book 3

(A sample work sheet to be given to the students while conducting
Practical classes.)

Science Practical Worksheet

Class 3
Name: ....................................... Section: ....... Roll: .......

Aim: To Classify the plants as herb, shrub and tree.

Materials: A mustard plant, spinach plant, branch of hibiscus,
branch of mango, branch of nil kanda, branch of
sisoo etc.

Method: (This activity can be done outside the class room
also)

1. Observe the given plants one by one to find
out the nature of their stem whether it is
woody or not.

2. If the stem is soft non woody it is a herb and
find out the size of plants with woody stem
and divide into shrub and tree.

Observation: The plants with soft stem are herb, bushy
plants with woody stem are shrub and the tall
plants with woody and strong trunk are trees.

Classify the given plants as herb, shrub and
trees and fill the observation table.

Observation table

Blooming Science, Health and Physical Education Book 3 133

S.No. Plants Type of plants Remarks

Q.1 What type of stem does a herb have?
....................................................................................................
....................................................................................................

Q. 2 Write down any five examples of herbs, shrubs and trees.
....................................................................................................
....................................................................................................

Q. 3 What is the bushy plant with woody stem called?
....................................................................................................
....................................................................................................

Q. 4 What is a plant with woody trunk called?
....................................................................................................
....................................................................................................

Note: Students are asked to draw the necessary diagrams.

134 Blooming Science, Health and Physical Education Book 3

Model Questions

1. Fill in the blanks with suitable words.

Bio gas, energy, diurnal, air, Himalayan

a. Plants and animals need food to get ......................... .
b. ......................... animals become active during the day

time.
c. Burning plastics causes ......................... pollution.
d. Snow fall occurs in ......................... region.
e. The gas formed by decaying animals’ excreta is

..........................

2. Write ‘True’ for correct sentences and ‘False’ for the
wrong ones.

a. All animals reproduce by giving birth. ...............

b. Carnivores have both sharp and broad teeth. ...............

c. Perennial plants grow for many years. ...............

d. We get food from leaves of soya bean. ...............

e. Gases have definite shape and volume. ...............

f. Non- degradable waste causes the soil ...............
pollution.

g. A thin plastic an opaque object. ...............

h. Fast moving air can be used to generate ...............
electricity.

i. All the trees remain in winter season. ...............

j. The process of exchanging information is

communication. ...............

Blooming Science, Health and Physical Education Book 3 135

3. Match the following. Column B
Column A Dig the field
Mannure Cooking food
Janto Cut grass
Gobar gas Making flour
Sickle Mixed in soil
Spade

4. Write down the following:

a. Any two local technologies used in Nepal .

.............................. ..............................

b. Any two means of communication

.............................. ..............................

c. Any two forms of land

.............................. ..............................

d. Any two non- biodegradable wastes

.............................. ..............................

e. Any two biennial plants

.............................. ..............................

5. Answer the following questions:
a. Write down any three features of living beings.
..............................................................................................
..............................................................................................
..............................................................................................

136 Blooming Science, Health and Physical Education Book 3

b. What are domestic animals? Name any two herbs.
..............................................................................................
..............................................................................................
..............................................................................................
c. Write the name of any three wild animals that eat flesh

of other animals.
..............................................................................................
..............................................................................................
..............................................................................................
d. What are annual plants? Give any two examples.
..............................................................................................
..............................................................................................
..............................................................................................
e. Write down any three uses of animals in our daily life.
..............................................................................................
..............................................................................................
..............................................................................................
f. What would happen to us when we live in polluted

environment?
..............................................................................................
..............................................................................................
..............................................................................................

Blooming Science, Health and Physical Education Book 3 137

g. Write down any two properties and any two examples
of solid substances.

..............................................................................................
..............................................................................................
..............................................................................................
h. Write down any three uses of moving water.
..............................................................................................
..............................................................................................
..............................................................................................
i. What is breeze? Why there is cold in winter season?
..............................................................................................
..............................................................................................
..............................................................................................
j. Why does the plain land contain fertile soil?
..............................................................................................
..............................................................................................
..............................................................................................

6. Write down one point of difference between the following;
a. Local technology and modern technology
......................................... .........................................
......................................... .........................................

138 Blooming Science, Health and Physical Education Book 3

b. Radio and television
......................................... .........................................
......................................... .........................................
c. Lithosphere and hydrosphere
......................................... .........................................
......................................... .........................................
d. Transparent and opaque objects
......................................... .........................................
......................................... .........................................
e. Flowering and nonflowering plants
......................................... .........................................
......................................... .........................................
7. Study the given diagram and answer the questions that follow.

a. Which day is shown in the figure?
..............................................................................................
b. Is it safe to walk out in such day? Why?
..............................................................................................

Blooming Science, Health and Physical Education Book 3 139

8. Draw the diagram of any two plants having edible roots.

140 Blooming Science, Health and Physical Education Book 3

Part

2

Health Education

Blooming Science, Health and Physical Education Book 3 141

Lesson Personal Hygiene

14

Learning outcomes
At the end of this lesson, the students will be able to:
 tell the reasons of cleaning body organs.
 state the importance of personal hygiene.
 make a list of materials used in maintaining the personal hygiene.

Boost Up Proper arrangement of hair
Cleaning ears
Match the following. Good health
Clean body Washing hair
Trimming nails
Shampoo

Nail cutter

Comb

Cotton bud

We become healthy when our body is clean. Healthy body
is required for a healthy mind. Healthy body can do various
types of works. In our every day life; we walk, play, work and
do various activities. While doing such activities, our body
produces sweat and some dirts may stick in our body. The dirts

142 Blooming Science, Health and Physical Education Book 3

may contain germs and bacterias. When germs and bacteria
enter in our body, various diseases are caused. We become
unhealthy and cannot do our regular works. Apart from that,
a foul smell comes out of a dirty body. In this condition, no
friends like to stay with us and we become lonely. So, it is very
essential to be clean always. A clean body is necessary to be a
healthy person and lead a healthy life.

We need to take bath regularly to
remove the dirts, sweat and germs stuck
on it. Bathing makes our body clean. While
bathing, we must clean our head, hands, feet,
stomach and other organs with soap and
water properly. We need to use shampoo to
clean the hair. After taking a bath, we have to
wipe our body with a clean towel and wear
clean clothes.

Blooming Science, Health and Physical Education Book 3 143

We eat food with the help of our hands. When we play or
work we touch various things. While doing such activities our
hands become dirty. When we eat food with dirty hands; dirts,
germs and bacteria may enter in our body and we become sick.
So, we need to wash our hands properly after playing sports
and working. Similarly, we should wash our hands before and
after each meal. We should wash our hands properly after
using toilet as well.

You need to wash your hands properly as suggested below:

– Wet both hands with running water.

– Apply soap and lather well.

– Rub different parts of hand together for 15 seconds. Rinse
hands with clean water.

– Dry with a clean towel.

Various steps of washing hands

i. Rub palm to palm
ii. Rub the back of both hands
iii. Rub palm to palm interlacing the fingers
iv. Rub the backs of fingers by interlocking the hands.
v. Rub the thumbs
vi. Rub the palms with fingertips

Cleaning of the body organs is equally important to our
health. We need to clean our sense organs like ears, eyes, nose
and tongue in appropriate ways. We need to clean our feet
after working and playing. Similarly, we should trim our nails
regularly. If we do not trim the nails, the dirts can enter in our
body while eating food.

144 Blooming Science, Health and Physical Education Book 3

Our mouth is a very important organ. To make our mouth
and teeth clean, we must brush our teeth daily. We should brush
our teeth twice a day in the morning and in the evening after
the meal. We should use soft brush and flouride containing
tooth paste to brush our teeth. Brushing teeth prevents from
tooth decay, toothache and bad smell from the mouth.

Various things required for cleaning our body

Key words

Germs and Bacteria – disease causing microorganisms

Foul – bad

Fluoride – an element helpful for making teeth strong

Lather – foam or froth made by a detergent, especially
soap when rubbed or shined in water

Blooming Science, Health and Physical Education Book 3 145

Main Points to Remember

 A clean body is necessary to lead a healthy life.
 When we walk, play or work; our body produces sweat in which dirts get stuck. This

may contain germs and bacteria which makes us unhealthy.
 We need to make our body clean by taking bath regularly. We need to care our

sense organs properly.
 We need to clean all the organs of our body like eyes, ears, nose, tongue, hands,

feet, etc.
 We must wash our hands before and after eating meal, after doing various works and after

using the toilet properly with soap and water. We should apply the appropriate method
for washing hands.
 We use various things like soap, shampoo, nail cutter, comb, hair oil, tooth paste,
tooth brush, tongue cleaner, cotton buds and clean towel to keep our body clean

Project Work

Make a group of three friends from your classmates.
Observe the personal hygiene of your friends in your group
each other on the basis of following points.

a) Hands and legs are clean or not.

b) How are the nails?

c) Head is clean or not.

d) Body is clean or not.

e) How are the teeth?

f) Clothes are clean or not.

After observing, appreciate your friend if he/she is
maintaining personalhygiene and suggest them to be clean
if you feel like they are not maintaining a proper personal
hygiene.

146 Blooming Science, Health and Physical Education Book 3

Exercise

1. Fill in the blanks with suitable words.

healthy sweat germs foul
toothpaste hands bacteria bath

a. While playing, our body produces ...................... and
...................... smell may come.

b. We become ...................... when our body is clean.

c. The dirty things may contain ...................... and
......................

d. We should take ...................... regularly to remove
dirts from our body.

e. We must wash our ...................... before eating.

f. We should use tooth brush ...................... and to clean
our teeth.

2. Write ‘True’ for the correct sentences and ‘False’ for the
wrong ones.

a. A clean body is necessary to be healthy.
b. We can take bath once in a month.
c. We can wash our hands with soil after using toilet.
d. We should wash our hands by taking

sufficient time.
e. We must brush our teeth twice a day.
f. We can take care of sense organs only.

Blooming Science, Health and Physical Education Book 3 147

3. Match the following: to trim the nails
Brush to comb the hair
to wash the hair
Soap water to brush the teeth
Nail cutter to wash the hands
to wipe the body
Comb
Shampoo

Towel

4. Answer the following questions:

a. Why should we keep our body clean?
..............................................................................................
..............................................................................................
..............................................................................................
b. Why should we bathe regularly?
..............................................................................................
..............................................................................................
..............................................................................................

148 Blooming Science, Health and Physical Education Book 3

c. How should we wash our hands? Write the steps in
points.

..............................................................................................
..............................................................................................
..............................................................................................
d. When should we brush our teeth ?
..............................................................................................
..............................................................................................
..............................................................................................
e. Make a list of any five things that we use for cleaning

our body.
..............................................................................................
..............................................................................................
..............................................................................................

Blooming Science, Health and Physical Education Book 3 149

Lesson Exercise, Rest
and Clothing
15

Learning outcomes
At the end of this lesson, the students will be able to:
 balance the exercise, rest and sound sleep in their daily life.
 state the importance of rest and exercise.
 tell the reason of wearing clothes according to season.

Boost Up a type of rest
light cotton clothes
Match the following. warm woolen clothes
Exercise running, walking, playing
relief from tiredness
Sleep

Best

Summer

Winter

A healthy person should be fit in all respects. A healthy
person is physically strong and mentally fit. We can be healthy
by taking hygienic foods, doing regular exercises and taking

150 Blooming Science, Health and Physical Education Book 3