TTS1363 INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
COURSE LEARNING OUTCOME • CLO 1 - Describe the components of a computer, computer technologies (C1) • CLO 2 –Prepare a report using word processing on issues related to types of network, computer attacks, the preventive mechanisms and application of computer technology in industry.(C3) • CLO 3 – Solve computing related problems using basic software tools for a computer system including spreadsheet and presentation application(C3,A5)
ASSESSMENT • Continuous assessment Test T1-T5 : 30% Assignment : 30% • Final assessment Project : 40% TOTAL : 100%
INTRODUCTION CHAPTER 1
Students should be able to: ⚫Define the term of computer ⚫Discuss the history & evolution of computer ⚫Describe the categories of computers ⚫Identify the components, types and functions of a computer
What is Computer ⚫Computer can be defined as an electronic device or machine working under a set of instruction, to accept data, process it into meaningful information and store it for future use.
History and Evolution of Computer ⚫Babbage and The Countess, Difference and Analytical Engine
⚫Most histories of the modern computer begin with the Analytical Engine envisioned by Charles Babbage. ⚫Babbage's assistant and collaborator, Ada Lovelace, is said to have introduced the ideas of program loops and subroutines and is sometimes considered the first programmer.
Herman Hollerith, Tabulating Machine
⚫In 1890 Herman Hollerith tabulating machine won in competition that was held to find some way to speed the counting process. ⚫The machine uses electrical power rather than mechanical to drive the device. ⚫In 1896 he himself founded the Tabulating Machine Company and in 1924 the successor to this company merged with two other companies to form International Business Machines Corporation – IBM.
The Modern Era ⚫During late 1930s, Dr John V Atanasoff, a professor from Iowa State University spent time trying to build an electronic calculating device. ⚫He and his assistant, Clifford Berry built the first digital computer that worked electronically; the ‘ABC’ for Atanasoff Berry Computer.
⚫In 1924 the world first general purpose electronic digital computer was built by John Mauchly and his assistant J. Presper Eckert. ⚫Their invention was the ENIAC – Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer which able to multiply a pair of numbers in about three milliseconds.
⚫Modern computers inherently follow the ideas of the stored program laid out by John von Neumann in 1945. ⚫Essentially, the program is read by the computer one instruction at a time, an operation is performed, and the computer then reads in the next instruction, and so on. ⚫Recently, computers and programs have been devised that allow multiple programs (and computers) to work on the same problem at the same time in parallel.
Categories of Computers Embedded computers Supercomputers Mainframes Servers Game consoles Mobile computers and mobile devices Personal computers
Personal Computers ⚫A personal computer can perform all of its input, processing, output, and storage activities by itself ⚫Two popular architectures are the PC and the Apple ⚪Desktop computer
Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices Personal computer you can carry from place to place Examples include notebook computers, laptop computers, netbooks, ultra-thins, and Tablet PCs Mobile Computer Computing device small enough to hold in your hand Examples include smart phones, PDAs, handheld computers, portable media players, and digital cameras Mobile Device
Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices Notebook computer Tablet PC Smart phone PDA
Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices Handheld computer Portable media player Digital camera
Game Consoles ⚫A game console is a mobile computing device designed for single-player or multiplayer video games
Servers ⚫A server controls access to the hardware, software, and other resources on a network ⚪Provides a centralized storage area for programs, data, and information
Mainframes ⚫A mainframe is a large, expensive, powerful computer that can handle hundreds or thousands of connected users simultaneously
Supercomputers ⚫A supercomputer is the fastest, most powerful computer ⚪Fastest supercomputers are capable of processing more than one quadrillion instructions in a single second
Embedded Computers ⚫An embedded computer is a special-purpose computer that functions as a component in a larger product Consumer Electronics • Mobile and digital telephones • Digital televisions • Cameras • Video recorders • DVD players and recorders • Answering machines Home Automation Devices • Thermostats • Sprinkling systems • Security monitoring systems • Appliances • Lights Automobiles • Antilock brakes • Engine control modules • Airbag controller • Cruise control Process Controllers and Robotics • Remote monitoring systems • Power monitors • Machine controllers • Medical devices Computer Devices and Office Machines • Keyboards • Printers • Faxes • Copiers
Embedded Computers
Core Component, Types and Computer Functions Components ⚫Components
Terminologies ⚫Input devices – Allows you to enter data and instructions into a computer ⚫Output devices – Hardware component that conveys information to one or more people ⚫System unit – Case that contains the electronic components of the computer that are used to process data ⚫Storage devices – Holds data, instructions, and information for future use ⚫Communication devices – Enables a computer to send and receive data, instructions, and information to and from one or more computers or mobile devices
⯍ Input devices – e.g: mouse, keyboard, scanner, microphone, etc ⯍ Output devices – e.g: screen, speaker, printer, etc ⯍ System unit – consist of processor, memory, expansion cards, etc. ⯍ Storage devices – e.g: diskette drive, hard disk, CD-ROM or DVDROM drive, USB flash drive, memory card ⯍ Communication devices – modem, router, hub, NIC, etc
⚫Types ⚫Analog – Uses arithmetic and logical operations. Eg: computer used in flight centres to measure pressure and temperature ⚫Digital – Operations are on electrical input. Eg; ON=1 OFF=0 used in your personal computers ⚫Hybrid – Combine both operations in analog and digital computers Eg; computer used in hospital to measure patient’s heartbeat
Computer functions (Information Processing Cycle)
⚫All computers must be able to: • Gather data • Process data • Store data • Disseminate data • Display data
Concept of Hardware and Software ⚫Hardware - The mechanical, magnetic, electronic, and electrical components making up a computer system. ⚫Software - A series of related instructions, organized for a common purpose, that tells the computer what task to perform and how to perform them.
Prepared By: Ahsiah Ismail
INPUT AND OUTPUT CHAPTER 2
• Identify at least 5 types input and output devices • Students can differentiate among various types of keyboards: standard, compact, on-screen, virtual, ergonomic, gaming, and wireless • Describe characteristics of various pointing devices: mouse, touchpad, and trackball • Describe various types of pen input: stylus, digital pen, and graphics tablet • Describe various uses of motion input, voice input, and video input • Differentiate among various scanners and reading devices • Identify the purpose and features of speakers, headphones and earbuds, data projectors, interactive whiteboards, and forcefeedback game controllers and tactile output © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 2 Students should be able to:
What Is Input? • Input is any data and instructions entered into the memory of a computer © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Pages 318 – 319 3 Figure 7-1 • An input device is any hardware component that allows users to enter data and instructions into a computer
What Is Input? © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Page 318 4 • Commonly used input methods include: Keyboard Pointing devices Touch screens Pen input Motion input Voice input Video input Scanners and reading devices
Keyboards • A keyboard is an input device that contains keys users press to enter data and instructions into a computer or mobile device © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Page 320 5 Figure 7-2
Keyboards © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Page 320 6 • Most desktop computer keyboards have… Typing area Function keys Toggle key Navigation keys Keyboard shortcut keys Media control buttons Internet control buttons
Keyboards • There are a variety of keyboard options for computers and mobile devices © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Page 321 7 Figure 7-3
Keyboards • An ergonomic keyboard has a design that reduces the chance of repetitive strain injuries of wrist and hand • Ergonomics incorporates comfort, efficiency, and safety in the design of the workplace © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Page 322 8 Figure 7-4
Pointing Devices A pointing device is an input device that allows a user to control a pointer on the screen A pointer is a small symbol on the screen whose location and shape change as a user moves a pointing device © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Page 322 9
Pointing Devices • A mouse is a pointing device that fits under the palm of your hand comfortably • Optical mouse, laser mouse, and touch mouse © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 10 Paged 322 – 323 Figure 7-5
Pointing Devices Touchpad • A touchpad is a small, flat, rectangular pointing device that is sensitive to pressure and motion Trackball • A trackball is a stationary pointing device with a ball on its top or side © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 11 Pages 323- 324 Figures 7-6 – 7-7
Touch Screens • A touch screen is a touch-sensitive display © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Pages 324 - 325 12
Pen Input • With pen input, you touch a stylus or digital pen on a flat surface to write, draw, or make selections © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Pages 326 – 327 13 Figure 7-9
Pen Input • A graphics tablet, also called a digitizer, is an electronic plastic board that detects and converts movements of a style or digital pen into signals that are sent to the computer © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Page 328 14 Figure 7-11
Motion, Voice, and Video Input • With motion input, sometimes called gesture recognition, users can guide on-screen elements using air gestures © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Pages 328 - 329 15