Memory • Memory consists of electronic components that store instructions waiting to be executed by the processor, data needed by those instructions, and the results of processing the data • Stores three basic categories of items: © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Page 290 20 The operating system and other programs Applications Data being processed and the resulting information
Memory • Each location in memory has an address • Memory size commonly is measured in gigabytes (GB) or terabytes (TB) © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Page 290 21 Figure 6-11
Memory • Computers and mobile devices contain two types of memory: © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Page 290 22 Volatile memory Loses its contents when power is turned off Example includes RAM Nonvolatile memory Does not lose contents when power is removed Examples include ROM, flash memory, and CMOS
Memory © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Page 291 23 Figure 6-12
Memory • Two common types of RAM exist: © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Page 292 24 Table 6-1 Dynamic RAM (DRAM) Static RAM (SRAM)
Memory • RAM chips usually reside on a memory module and are inserted into memory slots © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Page 293 25 Figure 6-13
© 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 26
Memory • Memory cache speeds the processes of the computer because it stores frequently used instructions and data © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Page 294 27 Figure 6-14
Memory Read-only memory (ROM) refers to memory chips storing permanent data and instructions •Firmware - permanent software programmed into a read-only memory. © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Page 294 28
Memory • Flash memory a type of non-volatile memory that can be erased electronically and rewritten – CMOS technology uses battery power to retain information when when the power to the computer is off. – Battery-baked CMOS memory chips, for example can keep the calendar, date, and time current even when the computer is off. – The flash memory chips that store a computer’s startup information often use CMOS technology. © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Pages 295- 296 29
Memory • Access time is the amount of time it takes the processor to read from memory – Measured in nanoseconds © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 30 Page 296 Table 6-2 and Figure 6-15
Adapters • An adapter card enhances functions of a component of a desktop or server system unit and/or provides connections to peripherals – Eg: Sound card and video card • An expansion slot is a socket on a desktop or server motherboard that can hold an adapter card © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Pages 297 - 298 31 Table 6-3
Adapters • With Plug and Play, the computer automatically can recognize peripheral devices as you install them © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Pages 297 - 298 32 Figure 6-16
Adapters • A USB adapter enhances functions of a mobile computer and/or provides connections to peripheral devices © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Pages 298 - 299 33 Figure 6-17
Buses • A bus allows the various devices both inside and attached to the system unit to communicate with one another – Data bus – Address bus • Word size is the number of bits the processor can interpret and execute at a given time © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Pages 299 - 300 34 Figure 6-18 Transfer information Transfer actual data about where the data should reside in memory
Buses • A computer might have these three types of buses: © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Page 300 35 System bus Backside bus Expansion bus Front side bus (FSB), is part of the motherboard and connects the processor to main memory Connects the processor to cache Allows the processor to communicate with peripheral devices
Power Supply and Batteries • The power supply or laptop AC adapter converts the wall outlet AC power into DC power © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Page 301 Figure 6-19 36
Power Supply and Battery • Mobile computers and devices can run using either a power supply or batteries • Batteries typically are rechargeable lithium-ion batteries © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Pages 301 – 302 37 Figure 6-20
Summary Various components inside computers and mobile devices Types of processors, steps in a machine cycle, and processor cooling methods Advantages and services of cloud computing How memory stores data and described various types of memory Adapters, buses, power supplies and batteries Ways to care for computers and mobile devices © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Page 305 38
COMPUTERS AND MOBILE DEVICES CHAPTER 5
Students should be able to: • Describe the characteristics and uses of laptops, tablets, desktops, and all-in-ones • Describe the characteristics and types of servers • Differentiate among POS terminals, ATMs, and self-service kiosks • Describe the characteristics and uses of smartphones, digital cameras, portable and digital media players, e-book readers, and wearable devices • Identify uses of embedded computers • Differentiate a port from a connector, identify various ports and connectors, and differentiate among Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, and NFC wireless device connections • Identify safeguards against hardware theft and vandalism and hardware failure © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 2
Computers and Mobile Devices • Types of computers and mobile devices include: Page 108 3 © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Laptops, tablets, and desktops Servers and terminals Smartphones, digital cameras, e-book readers, portable and digital media players and wearable devices Game devices Embedded computers
Mobile Computers and Desktops • A mobile computer is a portable personal computer, designed so that a user easily can carry it from place to place • A personal computer (PC) is a mobile computer or desktop that can perform all of its input, processing, output, and storage activities by itself and is intended to be used by one person at a time Page 108 4 © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Mobile Computers and Desktops Page 109 5 Figure 3-1 © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Mobile Computers and Desktops • A laptop, also called a notebook computer, is a thin, lightweight mobile computer with a screen in its lid and a keyboard in its base Page 111 6 Figure 3-3 © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Mobile Computers and Desktops • A tablet is a thin, lighter-weight mobile computer that has a touch screen Page 112 7 Figure 3-4 © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Mobile Computers and Desktops • A handheld computer is a computer small enough to fit in one hand Page 112 8 Figure 3-6 © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Mobile Computers and Desktops • A desktop, or desktop computer, is a personal computer designed to be in a stationary location, where all of its components fit on or under a desk or table Page 114 9 Figure 3-7 © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Servers • A server is a computer dedicated to providing one or more services to other computers or devices on a network Page 116 10 Figure 3-8 © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Rack-mounted server, is a server that is housed in a slot (bay) on a metal frame (rack). Server in the form of a single circuit board, or blade. Server built into an upright cabinet (tower) that stands alone. Rack Server Blade Server Tower Server
© 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 11
Servers Page 116 12 Table 3-1 © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Servers • Virtualization is the practice of sharing or pooling computing resources, such as servers and storage devices – Server virtualization uses software to enable a physical server to emulate the hardware and computing capabilities of one or more servers, known as virtual servers. – A server administrator uses virtualization software to partition one physical server into multiple isolated virtual environments; each virtual environment is capable of running independently. • A server farm is a network of several servers together in a single location. Page 117 © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 13
Servers • A mainframe is a large, expensive, powerful server that can handle hundreds or thousands of connected users simultaneously Page 117 14 Figure 3-9 © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Terminals • A terminal is a computer, usually with limited processing power, that enables users to send data to and/or receive information from a server, or host computer • A thin client is a terminal that looks like a desktop but has limited capabilities and components • Most retail stores use a POS terminal to record purchases, process credit or debit cards, and update inventory Pages 117 - 118 15 Figure 3-10 © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Terminals • An ATM (automated teller machine) is a selfservice banking terminal that connects to a host computer through a network Page 118 16 Figure 3-11 © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Terminals • A self-service kiosk is a freestanding terminal that usually has a touch screen for user interaction Page 119 17 Table 3-2 © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Supercomputers • A supercomputer is the fastest, most powerful computer – and the most expensive – Capable of processing many trillions of instructions in a single second Page 120 Figure 3-13 © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 18
Cloud Computing • Cloud computing refers to an environment that provides resources and services accessed via the Internet Page 121 19 Figure 3-14 © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Mobile Devices • A smartphone is an Internet-capable phone that usually also includes a calendar, an address book, a calculator, a notepad, games, browser, and numerous other apps • Many smartphones have touch screens. Instead of or in addition to an on-screen keyboard, some have a built-in mini keyboard on the front of the phone or a keyboard that slides in and out from behind the phone Page 123 20 © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Mobile Devices Page 123 21 Figure 3-15 © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Mobile Devices Short Message Service (SMS) • Mobile to mobile • Mobile to email • Mobile to provider • Web to mobile Multimedia Message Service (MMS) • Mobile to mobile • Mobile to email Page 124 © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 22
Mobile Devices • A digital camera is a mobile device that allows users to take photos and store the photographed images digitally – Smart digital camera – Point-and-shoot camera – SLR camera Pages 125 - 126 23 Figure 3-16 © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Mobile Devices Page 126 24 Figure 3-17 © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Mobile Devices • Resolution is the number of horizontal and vertical pixels in a display Page 127 Figure 3-18 © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 25
Mobile Devices • A portable media player is a mobile device on which you can store, organize, and play or view digital media Page 127 26 Figure 3-19 © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Mobile Devices • A digital media player or streaming media player is a device, typically used in a home, that streams digital media from a computer or network to a television, projector, or some other entertainment device Page 128 Figure 3-20 © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 27
Mobile Devices • An e-book reader (short for electronic book reader), or ereader, is a mobile device that is used primarily for reading ebooks and other digital publications © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Page 129 28 Figure 3-21
Mobile Devices • A wearable device or wearable is a small, mobile computing device designed to be worn by a consumer Page 130 Figure 3-22 © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 29
Game Devices • A game console is a mobile computing device designed for single-player or multiplayer video games • A handheld game device is a small mobile device that contains a screen, speakers, controls, and game console all in one unit • Game controllers include gamepads, joysticks and wheels, dance pads, and a variety of motionsensing controllers Page 131 30 © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Game Devices Page 131 31 Figure 3-23 © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.