स्वास्थ्य, शारीरिक तथा सिर्जनात्मक कला कक्षा ४

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प�र�णका ला�ग

नेपाल सरकार
�श�ा, �व�ान तथा प्र�वधी मन्त्रालय

पाठ्यक्रम �वकास के न्द्र

सानो�ठमी, भक्तपुर

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k/LIf0fsf nflu

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ISBN : 978-9937-601- -

o; kf7o\ k:' ts;DaGwL ;Dk0" f{ clwsf/ kf7\oj|md ljsf; s]Gb| ;fgf]l7dL, eStk'/df lglxt
/xs] f] 5 . kf7\ojm| d ljsf; sG] bs| f] lnlvt :jLsl[ tlagf Jofkfl/s k|of]hgsf nflu o;sf] k/' }
jf cf+lzs efu x'ax' k|sfzg ug{, kl/jtg{ u//] ks| fzg ug,{ sg' } ljB'tLo ;fwg jf cGo
k|ljlwaf6 /]s8{ ug{ / kl| tlnlk lgsfNg kfOg] 5}g .

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kf7o\ k:' ts;DaGwL kf7sx¿sf sg' } klg ks| f/sf ;´¬ fjx¿ ePdf kf7o\ jm| d ljsf;
sG] b|, ;dGjo tyf ks| fzg zfvfdf k7fOlbgx' 'g cg'/f]w 5 . kf7sx¿af6 cfpg]
;´¬ fjx¿nfO{ s]Gb| xflbs{ :jfut u5{ .

xfd|f] egfO

kf7o\ jm| d lzIf0f l;sfOsf] dn" cfwf/ xf] . kf7\ok':ts ljBfyL{df ck]lIft bIftf ljsf; ug{] Ps d'Vo
;fwg xf] . o; kIfnfO{ bl[ i6ut ub} kf7o\ jm| d ljsf; sG] bn| ] ljBfno lzIffnfO{ Jofjxfl/s, ;do;fkI] f /
u'0f:t/Lo agfpg] p2Z] on] kf7o\ j|md tyf kf7o\ k':tssf] ljsf; tyf kl/dfhg{ sfo{nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbFb}
cfPsf] 5 . cfwf/e"t lzIffn] afnaflnsfdf cfwf/e"t ;fIf/tf, ul0ftLo cjwf/0ff / l;k Pjd\ hLjgf]
kofu] L l;ksf] ljsf;sf ;fy} JolStut :jf:Yo tyf ;/;kmf;DaGwL afgLsf] ljsf; ug{] cj;/ k|bfg
ug'k{ 5{ . cfwf/et" lzIffsf dfWodaf6 afnaflnsfx¿n] k|fsl[ ts tyf ;fdflhs jftfj/0fk|lt ;r]
t eO{ cg'zf;g, ;bfrf/ / :jfjnDag h:tf ;fdflhs Pjd\ rfl/lqs u0' fsf] ljsf; ug{'k5{ . o;n]
lj1fg, jftfj/0f / ;"rgf kl| jlw;DaGwL cfwf/et" 1fgsf] ljsf; u/fO{ snf tyf ;fG} bo{k|lt cle?lr
hufpgk' 5{ . zf/Ll/s tGb?' :tL, :jf:Yos/ afgL Pjd\ l;hg{ fTdstfsf] ljsf; tyf hfthflt, wd,{ efiff,
;+:s[lt, Ifq] kl| t ;Ddfg / ;defjsf] ljsf; klg cfwf/et" lzIffsf ck]lIft kIf x'g\ . bz] k|d] , /fli6«o
Pstf, nf]stflGqs dN" odfGotf tyf ;:+ sf/ l;sL Jofjxfl/s hLjgdf k|ofu] ug,{' ;fdflhs u0' fsf]
ljsf; tyf gful/s stJ{ ok|lt ;hutf ckgfpg,' / b}lgs hLjgdf cfOkg{] Jofjxfl/s ;d:ofx¿sf]
klxrfg u/L ;dfwfgsf pkfosf] vfh] L ug{' klg cfwf/e"t txsf] lzIffsf cfjZos kIf x'g\ . o;
kIfnfO{ b[li6ut u/L ljBfno lzIffsf] /fli6«o kf7o\ jm| d kf| ¿k,@)&^ sf] dd{cg¿' k b]zsf ljleGg
ljBfnodf k/LIf0f ug{] ko| fh] gsf nflu cfwf/et" lzIff -sIff $_ sf] :jf:Yo zf/Ll/s tyf l;hg{ fTds
snf ljifosf] kf7\oj|mdcg¿' k of] k:' ts ljsf; ul/Psf] xf] .

o; kf7\ok':tssf] n]vg 8f= /dz] kf]v/n] , 8f= dfwj s'df/ >i] 7, >L ob'/fd pkt]| L, >L >Lxl/
>]i7 / >L ;'dg l;njfnaf6 ePsf] xf] . kf7\ok':tsnfO{ o; :j¿kdf Nofpg] sfo{df o;
s]Gb|sf dxflgb]{zs >L c0fk|;fb Gof}kfg], >L /]0f'sf kf08] e'iffn, k|f= 8f= /fds[i0f dxh{g,
k|f=8f= lzjz/0f dxh{g, k|f=8f= lrqaxfb'/ a'9fyf]sL, ;x=k|f= ;'hg lrqsf/, ;x k|f=
;'/]zh+u zfxL, >L k'ik yfkf du/, >L k|lbk aGhg, >L gjLGb|dfg /fhe08f/L / >L o'j/fh
clwsf/Lsf] of]ubfg /x]sf] 5 . o;sf] efiff ;Dkfbg >L u0f]zk|;fb e6\6/fO{ / >L lrgfs'df/L
lg/fn} faf6 / snf ;Dkfbg >L >Lxl/ >i] 7af6 ePsf] xf] . o; kf7o\ k':tssf] ljsf;df ;n+ Ug ;Dk"0fk{ |lt
s]Gb| xflbs{ st[ 1tf ks| 6 u5{ .

o; kf7\ok':tsn] ljBfyL{df lgwf{l/t ;Ifdtf ljsf;sf nflu ljBfyL{nfO{ ;xof]u ug]{ 5 . o;n]

ljBfyLs{ f] l;sfOdf ;xof]u k¥' ofpg] Pp6f dxŒjk"0f{ / cfwf/e"t ;fduL| sf ¿kdf sIff ljm| ofsnfkaf6

x'g] l;sfOnfO{ dha't agfpg ;xof]u ug{] 5 . To;}n] of] lzIfssf] l;sfO lj|mofsnfksf] of]

hgf geO{ ljBfyLs{ f l;sfOnfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] ;fduL| xf] . kf7\ok:' tsnfO{ ljBfyLs{ f] l;sfOdf

;xofu] k¥' ofpg] Pp6f dxŒjk0" f{ cfwf/sf ¿kdf afnsl] Gbt| , l;sfOs]lGb|t, cg'ejsl] Gb|t, p2Z] odn" s,

ko| f]udv' L / ljm| ofsnfkdf cfwfl/t agfpg] k|of; ul/Psf] 5 . l;sfO / ljBfyLs{ f] hLjGt cge' jlar

tfbfTDo sfod ub{} o;sf] ;xh ko| f]u ug{ lzIfsn] ;xhstf{, pTk/|] s, kj| ws{ / vfh] stf{sf ¿kdf

e"ldsfsf] ckI] ff ul/Psf] 5 . o; k':tsnfO{ c´ kl/is[t kfg{sf nflu lzIfs, ljBfyL{, cleefjs,

al' 4hLjL Pjd\ ;Dk0" f{ kf7sx¿sf] ;d]t ljz]if el" dsf /xg] xFb' f ;Da4 ;as} f] /rgfTds ;'´fjsf nflu

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g]kfn ;/sf/

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kf7 M! JolStut :jR5tf !
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kf7 M# jftfj/0f ;/;kmfO !!
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!JolStut :jR5tf (Personal Hygiene)

xfdLn] 6fpsf], gfs, sfg, cfFvf, d'v, bfFt, xft, uf]8f, gª / 5fnf
cflbsf] lgoldt ;/;kmfO / x]/rfx ug{'k5{ . z/L/sf aflx/L cªu\ sf]
lgoldt ;/;kmfO / x/] rfx ug]{ sfo{nfO{ JolStut :jR5tf elgG5 . :j:y
hLjgofkgsf nflu x/]sn] JolStut :jR5tf sfod /fVg'k5{ .

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-s_ dflysf lrqdf afnaflnsfx¿n] s] s] ul//xs] f 5g\ < s] tkfO{F klg

z/L/sf aflx/L cª\ux¿sf] lgoldt ;/;kmfO / x]/rfx ug'{xG' 5 <

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-v_ xfdLn] xfdf| ] z/L/ lsg ;kmf ug{ /fVg'k5{ <

!=! z/L/sf] x]/rfx / ;/;kmfO (Hygiene and care of body)

xfdL ;a} b}lgs ¿kdf sg' } g sg' } sfddf ;xefuL xG' 5f}F . sfd ubf{
xfdf| ] z/L/af6 kl;gf cfpF5 . z/L/df w'nfsf s0f / /f]usf sL6f0fx' ¿
klg 6fFl;g ;S5g\ . kl;gf, w'nf] / /f]usf sL6f0fx' ¿ ;kmf ug{ z/L/sf]
lgoldt ;/;kmfO ugk{' 5{ . z/L/sf] ;/;kmfO / x]/rfx lgoldt ¿kn]
ugk'{ 5{ . ;/;kmfO ug{] afgLn] /fu] nfUg lbbF g} . xfdLn] xfdf| ] z/L/ / z/L/sf
cª\ux¿sf] lgoldt ;/;kmfO / x]/rfx uèofF} eg] xfdL / xfd|f] kl/jf/
:j:y aG5 .

lj|mofsnfk !=!

tkfO“{sf] cfÇgf] Jojxf/df l7s lrx\g -√_ nufpg'xf;] \ M

j|m=;= z/L/sf] x/] rfx / ;/;kmfO xKtfsf] xKtfsf] Ps
x/s] lbg bO' { tLg k6s
!= dv' wg' ]
@= bfFt df‰g] k6s
#= sfg ;kmf /fVg]
$= skfn sf]g]{
%= xftuFf8] f wg' ]
^= gª sf6\g]
&= lha|f] ;kmf ug]{
*= gx' fpg]

2 :jf:Yo,zf/Ll/s tyf l;hg{ fTds snf sIff $

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zlgaf/sf] lbg bfjf / pgsL alxgL a'afcfdf;uF s/];faf/Ldf uPsf
lyP . pgLx¿n] s/;] faf/Ldf aa' fcfdfnfO{ uf8] dn] ug{ ;xofu] u/] . pgLx¿n]
s/;] faf/Laf6 kms]k{ l5 ;fa'gkfgLn] ldrLldrL xftuf]8f wf]P .

vfgf vfPkl5 b'j} hgfn] cfcfˆgf] a?' ;n] bftF klg dfem] . pgLx¿ laxfg /
an] 'sf vfgf vfPkl5 ;wF} bftF df‰g] u5{g\ . of] pgLx¿sf] /fdf| ] afgL xf] .

lbpF;f] b'j} hgfn] gx' fP . b'j} hgfn] cfFugdf a;]/ kfl/nf] 3fd klg
tfk] . To;kl5 xftuf]8fsf gª sf6] . cfdfn] bj' } hgfnfO{ 6fpsf,] z/L/
/ xftuf]8fdf t]n nufOlbge' of] . To;kl5 pgLx¿ cfFugdf v]Ng yfn] .
vl] n;sk] l5 ;fag' kfgLn] /fdf| ;] uF xftuf8] f wfP] / vfhf vfP . an] s' L sx] La/]
cWoog u/] / ;'t] . bfjf / pgsL alxgLn] zlgaf/sf] lbg o;/L latfP .

-s_ tkfO{“nfO{ bfjf / pgsL alxgLsf] afgL Jojxf/ s:tf] nfUof] <

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:jf:Yo,zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf sIff $ 3

lj|mofsnfk !=@
tkfOn“{ ] uPsf] zlgaf/ u/]sf sfdx¿sf] ;"rL tof/ kf/L lzIfsnfO{ b]vfpgx' f;] \ .

!=@ xft wg' ] tl/sf (Ways of hand washing)
zf}rfno uP/ cfPkl5, v]n v]n]kl5, df6f], afn'jf jf cGo s'/fx¿
rnfP kl5 ;fag' kfgLn] ldrLldrL xft wg' 'k5{ . vfgf vfg'cl3 / kl5,
3/aflx/ uP/ cfPkl5, v]taf/Ldf sfd u/]kl5 klg xft w'g'k5{ . xft
;fa'g jf xo\ fG8 jf; / ;kmf kfgLn] w'gk' 5{ . sg' } j:t' 5'Fbf, rnfpFbf jf
aflx/ uPsf a]nfdf ;fa'g / kfgL gePsf] cj:yfdf ;l] g6fOh/n] klg xft
;kmf ug{ ;lsG5 . ;fa'g kfgL geP v/fgL kfgLn] ;dt] xft wg' ;lsG5 .

-s_ xft wg' sf nflu s'g sg' ;fduL| k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 <

-v_ s] tkfO{s“ f ljBfnodf xft wg' sf nflu ;fa'g / kfgLsf] Joj:yf 5 <
xft w'b“ f lrqdf b]vfPh:t} 5 r/0fdf w'gk' 5{ M

klxnf] r/0fM
xft lehfP/ ;fag' nufO{ Ps xTs]nfn] csf{] xTs]nfnfO{
ldRg]
bf;] f| ] r/0f M
bflxg] xTs]nfn] ba] ]| xftsf] dflyNnf] efu ldRg] / b]a|] xTs]
nfn] bflxg] xftsf] dflyNnf] efu ldRg]
t];|f] r/0fM
cf}nF fsf] leqL efudf csf{] xftsf] cfnF} fn] ldRg]

4 :jf:Yo,zf/Ll/s tyf l;hg{ fTds snf sIff $

rfy} f] r/0fM

cfF}nfsf] k5fl8sf] efudf csf{] xftsf] xTsn] fleq xfnL
ldRg]

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xTs]nfn] a9' Lcf}nF f ;dft/] ldRg]

5}6f“} r/0fM

b'j} xftsf cf}nF fsf 6'Kkfx¿ csf{] xftsf] xTs]nfsf lardf
kf/]/ ldRg]

æxft wfc] f“} /f]u eufcf}Fæ

a]nf a]nfdf ;fag' kfgLn] sDtLdf klg @) ;]s]G8
ldrLldrL xft wg' ] afgLn] sf]/f]gfnufot cGo /fu] af6

klg aRg ;lsG5 .

lj|mofsnfk !=#
;an} ] kfnk} fnf] u/L xft wg' ] tl/sf kb| {zg ug'{xf;] \ .

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bfFt dfemf}F ;fFem ljxfg vfgf vfPkl5
yf/] } yf/] } dGhgnfO{ a'?;df /fvL
bfFt dfemf}F ;fFem ljxfg vfgf vfPkl5
yf]/} yf]/} dGhgnfO{ a'?;df /fvL
;kmf g/d a?' ;n] bftF dfem\g'k5{ nfO{ dfemfF}
bfofFafofF tndfly a'?; bNgk' 5{
kmf]xf/] hlt ;a} lemsfF} sg' f sfKrf vfh] L
oxL kmfx] f]/n] ls/f nfU5 cN5L u/k] l5
dv' leq kfgL /fvL sN' nf klg u/fF}
a?' ;nfO{ htgn] /fVg] afgL l;sf}F
;kmf bftF eP xfF:g afN] g v;' L nfU5
s'gf sfKrf nS' g] kmf]xf]/ 8/fP/ efU5 .
vfgf vfg zå' afN] g bfFt xfdf| ] ;fyL
s8f j:t' 6fS] bf Vofn ug'{ xG' 5 hftL
lhaf| ,] bftF , luhf ;kmf ug{] u/fF} /ftL
xf:g kml] / uf/f] xf]nf ;'Gb/ bftF kmf6L

6 :jf:Yo,zf/Ll/s tyf l;hg{ fTds snf sIff $

lj|mofsnfk !=$

lrqdf bv] fP h:t} bf“t df‰g] cEof; k|bzg{ ug{'xf];\ M

!= bft“ nfO{ hf8] ]/ a'?;nfO{ tndfly / bfof“ afof“ rnfpgx' f];\ .
@= a?' ;nfO{ ufnfleq l5/fP/ tn / dfly ub{} s'gfsf] bft“ df‰gx' f;] \ .
#= dflyNnf] / tNnf] bf“tsf] leqk6l\ 6sf] efunfO{ a?' ; l5/fp“b} df‰g'xf];\ .
$= b'jt} km{ vfgf rkfpg] aª\uf/fnfO{ df‰gx' f];\ .
%= b'j}tkm{ aªu\ f/fsf] lelq ;tx -luhf;“u 6f“l;Psf] efu_ nfO{ df‰gx' f];\ .

d cfÇgf] bf“t ;kmf /fVg tnsf sfo{ klg u5'{ M

-s_ d laxfg / an] 'sf vfgf vfPkl5 bfFt df‰5' .

-v_ d bfFt df‰gsf nflu g/d / ;kmf a'?;sf] ko| fu] u5'{ .

-u_ d bftF dfem]kl5 sN' nf klg u5{' .

-3_ d bfFt dfemk] l5 a?' ; htg u/]/ /fV5' .

-ª_ d a]nf a]nfdf bftF sf] k/LIf0f ug{ c:ktfn hfG5' .

!=$ dlxgfjf/Lsf] kl/ro (Introduction to menstruation)

ph]nL !@ jifs{ L eOg\ . Pslbg pgLn] lk;fa ug{ hfbF f cfÇgf] n'ufdf /ut
nfus] f] b]lvg\ . pgn] v]Nbfv]/L st} rf]6k6s kf] nfUof] ls eg]/ otfplt
klg x]l/g\ . t/ sxLF klg rf]6k6s nfus] f] bl] vgg\ . pgn] ;a} s'/f
cfdfnfO{ ;g' fOg\ . cfdfn] pgnfO{ dlxgfjf/L ePsf] xf] eg/] Kof8 nufpg
lbg'eof] . a]nf a]nfdf of}g cª\u ;kmf kfgLn] ;kmf ug{ klg

:jf:Yo,zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf sIff $ 7

l;sfpge' of] . ph]nLn] cfkm" lszf/] L ePsf] dx;'; ul/g\ .

tkfOFs{ f] sIffsf s6] L ;fyLx¿nfO{ klg ph]nLnfO{ h:t} dlxgfjf/L ePsf]
x'g;S5 . x/]s dlxgf s]6Lx¿sf] of}g cª\uaf6 rf/ kfFr lbg;Dd
/ut aUg] k|lj|mof dlxgfjf/L xf] . s;}s;}nfO{ ;ft cf7 lbg;Dd klg
/ut aUg ;S5 . dlxgfjf/L ePkl5 s6] Lx¿sf] zf/Ll/s jl[ 4 / dfgl;s
ljsf; l56f] xG' 5 . ;fdfGotof !) jif{sf] pd]/kl5 s6] Lx¿nfO{ /h:jnf
x'g] u5{ . dlxgfjf/L x'Fbf 8/fpg'kb{}g lsgeg] of] k|fs[lts k|lj|mof
xf] . phn] Ln] h:t} tkfO{nF ] klg ljBfnodf xFb' f lzIfs tyf ;fyLsf] /
3/df x'bF f clejfjssf] ;xof]u lngk' 5{ . dlxgfjf/L ePsf] a]nf cfkm\ gf]
cfdf, lblbalxgL / ;fyLnfO{ 3/sf k'?if ;b:o / :s"nsf s]6f ;fyLn] klg
;xof]u ugk{' 5{ .

;fyL;“u 5nkmn ug'x{ f;] \ M

-s_ ph]nLn] cfkm" dlxgfjf/L ePsf] s'/f s;/L yfxf kfOg\ <

-v_ phn] Ln] cfÇgf] ;d:of s;nfO{ ;g' fOg\ < tkfO{“ eP s] ug{'xG' Yof] <

-u_ dlxgfjf/L ePsf an] f lszf]/LnfO{ kl/jf/sf ;b:on] s:tf] ;xof]u ug'{k5{ <

lj|mofsnfk !=%

cge' j ;'Gg'xf];\ M
dlxgfjf/L eO;s]sf sf]xL Pshgf cfkmGtnfO{ klxnf] k6s dlxgfjf/L xb“' fsf]
cge' j ;'gfpg nufpg'xf;] \ . dlxgfjf/L xb'“ f s] s] kj" {tof/L ug'{kg{] /x5] ;fw] vf]
h u/L ;fyLnfO{ klg ;g' fpgx' f;] \ .

k|ltlaDag

!= z/L/sf aflx/L cª\usf] lgoldt ;/;kmfO / x]/rfx ugn{' fO{ JolStut
:jR5tf elgG5=.

8 :jf:Yo,zf/Ll/s tyf l;hg{ fTds snf sIff $

@= JolStut :jR5tfcGtut{ lhp, 6fpsf,] cgx' f/, gfs, dv' , sfg, cfvF f,
bftF , xftuf8] f / gªsf] ;/;kmfO / x/] rfx k5{ .

#= z/L/sf] lgoldt ;/;kmfO / x/] rfx ug]{ afgLn] :j:y /xg dbt u5{ .

$= zfr} fno uPkl5, kmfx] f/] rnfPkl5, vfgf vfgc' l3, 3/ aflx/ uP/ cfPkl5,
/ vt] af/Ldf sfd u/k] l5 ;fag' kfgLn] ldrLldrL] xft wg' k' 5{ .

^= laxfg / an] s' f vfgf vfPkl5 ;kmf g/d a?' ;n] bftF df‰gk' 5={ . laxfg
p7]/ bfFt df‰g' xFb' g} .

&= ;fdGotof s6] Lx¿ !) bl] v !% jifs{ f] pd/] df dlxgfjf/L xg' ] u5g{ .

*= s]6Lx¿sf] ofg} cªu\ af6 /ut cfpg] k|ljm| ofnfO{ dlxgfjf/L elgG5 .
of] Pp6f kf| s[lts k|ljm| of xf] .

cEof;

!= tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ lbg'xf];\ M

-s_ JolStut :jR5tf eg]sf] s] xf] <

-v_ JolStut :jR5tfsf sg' } b'O{ dxŒj n]Vg'xf];\ .

-u_ tkfOF{ cfÇgf] z/L/sf] x]/rfx s;/L ug{x' 'G5 <

-3_ tkfOF{ s] s] sfd u/k] l5 xft wg' x' G' 5 <

-ª_ lgoldt bfFt df‰bf xg' ] b'O{ kmfObf pNn]v ugx{' f;] \ .

-5_ dlxgfjf/L x'bF f Wofg lbgk' g]{ s/' f n]Vg'xf;] \ . ;fdGotof slt
jifs{ f] pd]/df s6] Lx¿ dlxgfjf/L xG' 5g\ <

@= pkoS' t zAbx¿sf] ko| fu] u/L vfnL 7fp“ eg'x{ f;] \ M

-s_ lgoldt ;/;kmfO gubf{ xfdLnfO{ ===================nfUg ;S5 .

:jf:Yo,zf/Ll/s tyf l;hg{ fTds snf sIff $ 9

-v_ z/L/sf aflx/L cª\ux¿sf] ;/;kmfO ug'n{ fO{ ========= elgG5= .
-u_ xft wg' sf nflu ===================/ ============sf] cfjZos k5{ .
-3_ laxfg /==============vfgf vfPkl5 bftF df‰g] afgL /fdf| ] xf] .
-ª_ s6] Lx¿sf] ==================af6 /ut aUgn' fO{ dlxgfjf/L elgG5 .
#= kl/ofh] gf sfo{ M
-s_ ;a} hgfn] 3/df a?' ; / dGhg lngx' f];\ . lzIfsn] l;sfP h:t}

u/L 3/df klg bftF df‰g] cEof; u//] cleefjsnfO{ bv] fpgx' f;] \ .
-v_ kl/jf/sf ;b:ox¿nfO{ ;xL 9ª\un] ;fa'g kfgLn] xft w'g]

cEof; k|bz{g u//] bv] fpg'xf];\ / pxfxF ¿nfO{ klg cEof; ug{
nufpg'xf];\ .

10 :jf:Yo,zf/Ll/s tyf l;hg{ fTds snf sIff $

jftfj/0f ;/;kmfO @PsfO

(Environmental Sanitation)

xfdLn] xfd|f] 3/, cfFug, uf7] , s/];faf/L, af6f]3f6f], kfgLsf] dx' fg, rf}tf/f]
/ d7 dlGb/ cflbsf] ;/;kmfO ugk'{ 5{ . o;/L xfd|f] j/k/sf] jftfj/0fnfO{
:jR5, ;kmf / x/fe/f /fVg'nfO{ jftfj/0f ;/;kmfO elgG5 . j/k/sf]
jftfj/0f ;kmf /fVg' xfdL ;a}sf] st{Jo xf] . xfd|f] j/k/sf] jftfj/0f ;kmf
/fVg ;Sof}F eg] dfq xfdL :j:y /xg ;S5f}F . xfdL :j:y eofF} eg] xfd|f]
jftfj/0f klg :j:Yo x'G5 .

lrq x]/L ;dx" df 5nkmn ug'x{ f;] \ M

-s_ lrqdf afnaflnsfx¿ s] ul//xs] f 5g < 11

-v_ kmf]xf/] d}nfnfO{ ;xL tl/sfn] la;h{g ul/Pg eg] s] xG' 5 <

-u_ tkfOF{ a:g] j/k/sf] jftfj/0f s:tf] 5 <

-3_ xfdLn] j/k/sf] jftfj/0f lsg ;kmf /fVgk' 5{ <

:jf:Yo,zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf sIff $

@=! jftfj/0f ;/;kmfOsf] dxŒj (Importance of environmental

sanitation )

;G' tnL aa' f;uF :jf:Yo rfs} L uPsL lyOg\ . gful/s kt| LIffnosf] leQfdf

sx] L kf]:6/x¿ 6fFl;Psf lyP . ;G' tnLn] tL kf]:6/x¿ kl9g\ . kf]:6/df

tnsf ;Gb]zx¿ n]lvPsf lyP M

xfdLn] 3/, cfu“ g, af6f3] f6f,] kfgLsf] dx' fg jftfj/0f ;/;kmfOsf] dxŒj
/ 6fn] 5/l5ds] j/k/sf] jftfj/0f
;kmf /fVgk' 5{ . lemu“ f, nfdv6' \6] / e';'gfsf]
6fs] fOaf6 nfUg] /fu] x¿af6 arfp“5 .

kmf]xf/] / b'u{Gwaf6 km}ng ;Sg] ;?jf

/f]ux?af6 ;/' lIft /fV5 .

:jR5 / ;kmf jftfj/0fdf a;/] k9g\ , v]Ng

/ /dfpg ;lsG5 .

:jR5 xfjf k|fKt ug{ dbt u5{ .

:jR5 / ;'/lIft kfgLsf] cfk"lt{df ;3fp

jftfjf/0f ;/;kmfO sfod /fVg' ;a} k¥' ofp“5 .
gful/sx¿sf] st{Jo xf] . ;Eo ;dfhsf] lgdf{0fdf 6j] f k¥' ofp“5 .

lj|mofsnfk @=!
cfkm" a:g] j/k/sf] jftfj/0f ;/;kmfOsf] cj:yf cjnf]sg u/L ldNbf] sf7] fdf
l7s lrx\g-√_nufpg'xf;] \ M

jm| = ;= j/k/sf] jftfj/0f ;kmf 5 kmfx] f]/ 5

!= efG5fsf]7f
@= sf;} L jf afbn{ L
#= 3/sf] 5t, aO' uF n jf rf6] f
$= 3/sf] dh]/L, lkF9L / cfuF g
%= zf}rfno
^= wf/f, Ogf/, s'jf
&= 3/glhssf] af6f]

12 :jf:Yo,zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf sIff $

@=@= 3/ / j/k/sf] jftfj/0fsf] ;/;kmfO (Cleanliness of home

and surrounding)

nfr] gsf] 3/ ufpdF f 5=. pgsf] 3/ cufl8 km/flsnf] cfuF g 5 . 3/sf]
5j] d} f wf/f] 5 . wf/f] glhs} s/;] faf/L 5 . s/];faf/L glhs} ufO{sf] uf]7
klg 5 . nf]rgsf aa' f / cfdf laxfg p7]/ 3/sf] ;/;kmfO ugx'{ 'G5 . cfdfn]
3/leqsf] ;/;kmfO ug'{x'G5 . a'afn] zf}rfno / wf/f j/k/sf] ;/;kmfO
ugx'{ G' 5 . nf]rg / pgsL lbbL ldn/] laxfg lkF9L / cfFug a9f5g{ \ . To;kl5
pgLx¿ lk9F Ldf ;'s'n cf5] o\ fP/ k9\5g\ . ;kmf cfFugdf rª' \uL / 8f]/L gf£g]
v]n klg vN] 5g\ .

-ufpFn] kl/j]z emNsg] 3/, 3/sf] cfuf8L km/flsnf] cfug, cfFugdf s]6fs6] L v]nL /x]sf, 5]j}df la:s'g
;s' fOPsf], 3/sf] 5j] }df 3f/f], wf/f] glhs} s/;] faf/L /xs] f] lrq_

nf]rgsL cfdf wf/fdf nu' f wg' ] ug'{xG' 5 . nu' f wf]P/ cfPsf] kfgLnfO{
s/];faf/Ldf nufpg'x'G5 . lemFuf tyf cGo ls/fx¿ gcfpg\ eg]/
nf]rgsf a'afn] an] f a]nfdf wf/f j/k/ ;kmf ugx'{ G' 5 . nfr] gsf a'af /
cfdf jftfj/0f ;/;kmfOk|lt ;r]t xg' 'x'G5 .

:jf:Yo,zf/Ll/s tyf l;hg{ fTds snf sIff $ 13

nf]rgsf] aa' f / cfdf ufO{ uf7] sf] klg sfd ug{x' 'G5 . pxFfx¿n] uf]7nfO{
;kmf /fVgx' 'G5 . ufO{ uf]7glhs} dn hDdf ug{] vfN8f] 5 . ufO{j:ts' f]
uf]a/nfO{ oxL vfN8fdf xfn]/ dn agfOG5 . ToxL dnnfO{ s/];faf/Ldf
k|of]u ul/G5 . pgLx¿ cfˆg} s/];faf/Ldf plAhPsf] tfhf / :jR5 t/sf/L
vfg] u5{g\ . To;n} ] pgLx¿ :j:Yo / tGb'?:t 5g\ .

nf]rgsf 3/df ;'/lIft tl/sfn] kmfx] f/] Joj:yfkg ul/G5 . v/] uPsf
vfg]s/' f, t/sf/L / kmnkmn" sf afj] m| f ufOj{ :t'nfO{ vfg lbOG5 . cGo s'lxg]
kmfx] f]/ dn vfN8fdf xfn]/ dn agfOG5 . nf]rgsf] 3/ j/k/sf] jftfj/0f
;kmf / :jR5 5 .

5nkmn u/f“} M

-s_ nfr] gsf] 3/ / j/k/sf] ;/;kmfO ss;n] ug'{xG' 5 <
-v_ tkfO“s{ f] 3/ j/k/sf] ;/;kmfO sf] sf] ldn]/ ugx{' 'G5 <

-u_ xfdLn] xd|f] 3/ / j/k/sf] jftfj/0f lsg ;kmf ugk{' 5{ <

ljm| ofsnfk @=@
tkfOn“{ ] 3/ / j/k/sf] jftfj/0f ;kmf /fVg sf] sf;] u“ ldn/] s] s] sfd uge'{ Psf]
5 < tnsf] tflnsf eg'{xf;] \ M

sg' lj|mofsnfk < sf];u“ ldn/] ug{e' Psf] <

!= =========================================
@= =========================================
#= =======================================
$= ========================================

14 :jf:Yo,zf/Ll/s tyf l;hg{ fTds snf sIff $

@=# rkL{sf] cfjZostf (Need of Toilet)

tnsf 36gfx¿ k9f“} / 5nkmn u/F}“ M

36gf !

s'g} an] f lkknaf6] ] ufFpsf w]/} h;f] dflg;x¿sf 3/df rkL{ lyPg . pgLx¿
v]taf/L, sfGnfdl' g, vf]N;f] / kfgLsf] d'xfg glhs lb;f lk;fa ub{y] . Ps
k6s ufpdF f emf8fkvfnfsf] dxfdf/L rNof] . w/] } dflg;x¿ la/fdL k/] .
hyfefjL lb;flk;fa u/s] fn] kfgL bl" ift eP/ emf8fkvfnf nfus] f] lyof] . ufpdF f
rt] gfdn" s sfoj{ |md eof] . of] 36gfkl5 ufpFsf dflg;x¿ ;r]t ag] / rkL{
agfP/ lb;flk;fa ug{ yfn] .

36gf @
uf/} Lsf] 3/df rkL{ 5g} . pgsf] kl/jf/ vt] af/L / af6f3f6fdf lb;flk;fa u5g{ .
pgsf] ;fgf] efO cfuF gsf] 5j] }df lb;f u5{ . Ps k6s uf/} L la/fdL kl/g\ . aa' fn]
:jf:Yo :jod;\ j] snfO{ afn] fP/ Nofpge' of] . :jod;\ j] sn] uf/} LnfO{ emf8fkvfnf
nfu]sf] eGge' of] / hLjghn agfP/ vfg lbge' of] . :jod;\ j] sn] v'nf 7fpFdf
lb;f lk;fa u/]sf sf/0fn] emf8fkvfnf nfus] f] atfpg'eof] . pxFfn] 3/df rkL{
agfpg ;Nnfx klg lbg'eof] . of] 36gfkl5 uf/} Lsf] 3/df rkL{ aGof] .

36gf #
rf8kj{sf] ;do lyof] . xs{sf 3/df kfx'gf cfP . rf8kj{df ;a} hgf
ldn]/ ld7f] kl/sf/ agfP/ vfP . s]xL ;dokl5 kfx'gfnfO{ ;Grf]
ePg . tL kfx'gfnfO{ rkL{ hfg'kg]{ eof] . t/ 3/df rkL{ gePsfn] kfx'gfnfO{
lgs} ;s; eof] . tL kfx'gf af/Lsf kf6flt/ hfg afWo eP . of] 36gfn] xs{sf
3/sf dflg;x¿nfO{ nfh nfUof] . To;kl5 pgsf 3/df rkL{ aGof] . clxn]
pgsf 3/sf ;a} dflg;x¿ rkLd{ f dfq lb;f lk;fa u5{g\ .

-s_ lkknaf6] ] uf“pdf emf8fkvfnfsf] dxfdf/L lsg rNof] < 15
-v_ uf}/L lsg la/fdL kl/g\ <
-u_ xss{ f] 3/sf dflg;x¿nfO{ lsg nfh nfUof] <
-3_ dflysf 36gfx¿af6 xfdLn] s] kf7 l;Sg ;S5f}<“

:jf:Yo,zf/Ll/s tyf l;hg{ fTds snf sIff $

kmf]xf/] af6 df]xf]/ agfpg] tl/sf
s'lxg] / gs'lxg] kmf]xf]/d}nfnfO{
5'6\ofP/ /fVg ;lsG5 .
sl' xg] kmfx] f]/d}nfaf6 dn agfpg
;lsG5 .
dnnfO{ s/];faf/Ldf k|of]u u/L
cuf{lgs vt] L ug{ ;lsG5 . o;f]
ubf{ t/sf/L lsGg] k};f arfpg
;lsG5 .
dnnfO{ ar] ]/ cfocfh{g klg ug{
;lsG5 .
gs'lxg] kmf]xf/] d}nf h:t} sfuh, af]tn, kmnfdsf 6j' m| f, Knfl:6ssf
;/;dfgnfO{ ar] ]/ k};f sdfpg ;lsG5 .

d/] f] 3/df rkL{ ePsfn] dnfO{ uj{ 5 . tkfO{“sf] lg <

lj|mofsnfk @=#
3/df rkL{ agfp“bf s] s] kmfObf x'G5 < ;fyL;u“ 5nkmn ugx{' f;] \ / ab' f“ut¿kdf
l6kf]6 ugx{' f];\ .

@=$ kmfx] f]/d}nfsf] plrt lj;hg{ gxb“' f b]vf kg{] ;d:ofx¿ (Problems

caused due to lack of proper waste disposal)

3/, k;n, ljBfno, xf6ahf/ cflb :yfgaf6 w/] } k|sf/sf kmfx] f]/d}nfx¿
lg:sG5g\ . tL kmf]xf/] dn} fx¿ s'g} s'lxg] / s'g} gsl' xg] vfnsf x'G5g\ .
o:tf kmfx] f]/dn} fsf] plrt lj;hg{ ugk'{ 5{= . pBfu] tyf snsf/vfgfaf6
lg:sg] kmfx] f/] d}nfx¿ cGo :yfgaf6 lg:sg] kmf]xf]/eGbf a9L xflgsf/s
x'G5g\ . xfd|f] 3/ tyf ljBfnoaf6 lgl:sg] kmf]xf]/nfO{ xfdLn] plrt

16 :jf:Yo,zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf sIff $

tl/sfn] Joj:yfkg ugk{' 5{ . kmfx] f/] dn} fsf] Joj:yfkg gxbF' f tnsf ;d:ofx¿
b]vf k5{g\ .

-s_ kmf]xf/] dn} fn] j/k/sf] jftfj/0f bu' {lGwt / bl" ift agfp5F .
-v_ lemuF f, nfdv6' 6\ ] / e;' g' f h:tf ls/fx¿n] /fu] sf sL6f0fx' ¿ ;f5g{ \ .
-u_ kmf]xf/] dn} f kfgLsf] dx' fgdf ldl;P/ kfgL bl" ift eO{ dxfdf/L;d]t

km}ng ;S5 .
-3_ kmfx] f/] dn} fx¿ hyfefjL ˆofSbf b3' 6{ gf klg xg' ;S5 h:tM} af]tn,

l;;f, kmnfdsf 6j' m| f, cflbn] v6' \6f sf6\g], s]/fsf] afj] |mfdf lrlKnP/
n8g\ ] .
-ª_ Knfl:6s, l;;f, wfts' f 6'j|mf / /f;folgs kbfyx{ ¿n] df6f] kb| i" f0f
u/fpF5g\ .
-r_ o;n] df6fsf] pj/{ f Ifdtfdf ;dt] xf| ; Nofp5F = .

lj|mofsnfk @=$
tkfOs“ f 3/af6 s] s:tf kmfx] f/] x¿ lg:sG5g\ < tL kmfx] f/] x¿nfO{ s;/L Joj:yfkg
uge'{ Psf] 5 <cleefjssf] dbt lnO{ tnsf lj|mofsnfk k/" f ug{x' f];\ M

3/af6 lgl:sg] kmf]xf/] dn} f Joj:yfkgsf tl/sf
!============================= !=============================
@================================ @================================
#================================= #=================================
$=================================== $===================================
%====================================== %======================================

kl| tlaDag

!= xfdf| ] 3/, cfFug, af6f3] f6f], kfgLsf] d'xfg / 6fn] 5/l5ds] j/k/sf]

jftfj/0f ;kmf /fVg'nfO{ jftfj/0f ;/;kmfO elgG5 .

:jf:Yo,zf/Ll/s tyf l;hg{ fTds snf sIff $ 17

@= jftfj/0f ;kmf /fVg' xfdL ;as} f] lhDdj] f/L xf] . ;kmf jftfj/0fdf
xfdL :j:y /xg ;S5fF} .

#= j/k/sf] jftfj/0f ;kmf /fVg xfdLn] 3/, ljBfno / 6fn] 5/l5d]sdf
;Sbf] ;xof]u ugk{' 5{ .

$= xfdLn] rkLd{ f dfq lb;flk;fa ug{] afgL ugk'{ 5={ . o:tf] afgLn] xfdLnfO{
/fu] nfUgaf6 arfp5F .

%= kmf]xf]/dn} fnfO{ plrt 7fFpdf lj;h{g ug{k' 5{ . cGoyf o;n] j/k/sf]
jftfj/0f bu' {lGwt agfp5F .

^= kmfx] f/] dn} fn] /f]u pTkGg u/fO{ dxfdf/L kmn} fpF5 / b3' {6gfx¿ klg
lgDTofpg ;S5 .

&= kmf]xf]/nfO{ plrt tl/sfn] lj;hg{ ubf{ o;af6 df]xf/] klg sdfpg
;lsG5 .

cEof;

!= tnsf kZ| gsf] pQ/ lbg'xf;] \ M

-s_ jftfj/0f ;/;kmfO eg]sf] s] xf] <
-v_ jftfj/0f ;/;kmfOsf sg' } b'O{ dxŒj nV] gx' f];\ .
-u_ tkfO{Fsf] 3/ j/k/sf] jftfj/0f ;kmf /fVg s] s] ug'{xG' 5 <
-3_ rkL{sf] dxŒj aFb' fut ¿kdf pNn]v ug{x' f];\ .
-ª_ kmf]xf]/d}nfsf] plrt Joj:yfkg gubf{ nfUg] /f]ux¿sf] ;"rL

agfpgx' f];\ .

-r_ kmfx] f/] af6 s;/L df]xf/] kf| Kt ug{ ;lsG5 <

18 :jf:Yo,zf/Ll/s tyf l;hg{ fTds snf sIff $

@= l7s jfSox¿df l7s -√_ lrxg\ nufpg'xf];\ M

-s_ lemFuf, nfdv6' \6] / e;' g' fsf] 6fs] fOaf6 aRg j/k/sf] jftfj/0f
;kmf /fVg'k5{ .

-v_ j/k/sf] jftfj/0f ;kmf /fVg] sfd j8f sfofn{ osf] xf] .

-u_ xfdLn] rkL{df dfq lb;flk;fa ug'{k5{ .

-3_ rkL{nfO{ kmfx] f/] /fVg'k5{ .

-ª_ sl' xg] kmfx] f/] af6 dn agfpg ;lsG5 .

#= kl/of]hgf sfo{

-s_ cleefjssf] ;xofu] df 3/glhs} Pp6f dn agfpg] ;fgf] vfN8f]
vGgx' f;] \ . ca sl' xg] kmfx] f/] nfO{ To; vfN8fd] f hDdf ub{} hfgx' f;] \ .
lemuF f, e;' g' f, d;' f h:tf ls/f / hgfj/af6 aRg vf8nnfO{ emf/,
afF; jf sf7n] 5fK] g'xf;] \ . vfN8f] gel/P;Dd kmfx] f]/ hDdf ub{}
hfg'xf];\ . vfN8f] el/Pkl5 df6fn] k'g'x{ f;] \ . ca slt ;dokl5
dn aGg] /x]5 < cjnf]sg ub{} hfg'xf;] \ / sIffdf ;g' fpgx' f;] \ .

-v_ tkfO{sF f] 3/df s'g s'g j:t'x¿nfO{ kg' M ko| fu] ul/Psf] 5 < tL
j:t'x¿ clxn] s'g sfdsf nflu k|of]udf NofOPsf 5g\, pNn]v
ugx'{ f];\ .

kg' M k|of]u ul/Psf j:t'x¿ sg' ko| fh] gsf nflu k|of]u eO/x]sf] <
!= klqsf sfkL lstfadf uftf xfNg ko| f]u ePsf]
@= ==============================================
#= =============================================
$= ===========================================
%= ==============================================

:jf:Yo,zf/Ll/s tyf l;hg{ fTds snf sIff $ 19

vfgf / kf]if0f #PsfO

(Food and Nutrition)

xfdLn] vfg] ljleGg k|sf/sf vfg]s/' fn] xfdf| ] z/L/df km/s km/s sfd
u5{ . bfn, eft, /f]6L, l9F8f] / cfn'n] zlSt lbG5 . b'w, bxL, l3p,
df5f, df;', cG8f, u]8fu'8Ln] x's{g ;xof]u u5{ . df};dcg';f/
sf kmnk"mn / t/sf/Ln] ;'/IffTds zlSt j[l4 u/L /f]u nfUgaf6
arfp5F g\ . af;L ;8]un]sf, ksfP/ g5f]kL /fv]sf vfg]s'/f / cNkkf]
ifs vfg]s'/f -junk food_ vfg' x'Fb}g . z/L/nfO{ :j:y, tGb'?:t /
lg/fu] L /fVgsf nflu b}lgs ¿kdf ;Gt'lnt cfxf/ lng'k5{ .

tnsf k|Zgsf cfwf/df 5nkmn u/f}“ M

-s_ cfh tkfOnF{ ] s] s] vfg]s'/f vfg'eof] < tL vfgfx¿ sxfaF f6 k|fKt
ePsf xfn] fg\ <

-v_ tkfO{nF fO{ sg' s'g vfgs] /' f vfg dg k5{ <
-u_ tkfO;{F Fu} a:g] ;fyLnfO{ s'g s'g vfg]s'/f vfg dg k5{ < s] bj' }

hgfnfO{ p:t} vfgf dg kbf{] /x5] , lsg xf]nf <

#=! vfgfsf] kl/ro / o;sf sfo{ (Introduction to food and its

function)

;Ltfn] cfh ;fu / l98F f] vfP/ ljBfno cfOg\ . xl/n] bfn, eft /
t/sf/L vfP . nvgn] df5f / eft vfP . sk[ fn] /f]6L, t/sf/L / b'w
vfOg . tkfOFn{ ] cfh s] s] vfP/ cfpge' of] < tkfOF{n] klg ;fyLx¿n] h:t}
vfgs] '/f vfP/ ljBfno cfpg'ePsf] xf]nf . o;/L xfdLn] lbgxh'F ;f] vfg]
kl/sf/nfO{ vfgf elgG5 . eft, /f]6L, l9F8f], bfn, u]8fu8' L, bw' , bxL, l3p,
df5f, df;', t/sf/L, kmnkm"n / ;nfb vfg]s'/f xg' \ . xfdL oL ;a} vfg]s/' f

20 :jf:Yo,zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf sIff $

ldnfP/ vfG5f}F . :j:y / alnof] xg' xfdLn] w]/} k|sf/sf vfg]s'/f ldnfP/
vfgk' k5{ . xfdLn] vfg]s/' fsf] 5gf6] ubf{ cfˆgf] vt] af/L tyf ufpF 3/df
pTkfbg ePsf vfg]s'/fdf hf]8 lbgk' 5{ . df;+ xf/L ef]hg ug]{ dflg;x¿n]
df5f, df;' / cG8f vfg] u5g{ \ . ;fsfxf/L efh] g ug{] dflg;x¿n] o;
lsl;dsf vfg]s'/fx¿ vfbF }gg\ . vfg]s'/f :jfb / k6] egs{ f nflu dfq
geO{ :j:y / alnof] xg' vfg'k5{ . x/]s lbg jo:s dflg;n] rf/ k6s /
afnaflnsfx¿n] 5 k6s vfg'k5{ .

vfgfsf sfox{ ¿

!= z/L/sf nflu cfjZos kg{] tfk / zlSt kb| fg u5{ .
@= z/L/sf] j[l4 Pjd\ ljsf;sf nflu gofF sfi] f / tGtx' ¿sf] lgdf{0f u5{ .
@= dfgl;s ljsf; -;f]Rg], ljrf/ ug,{] ts{ ug]_{ df dbt u5{ .
#= rf]6k6s nfu]sf sfi] f / tGt'x¿sf] dd{t ;Def/ u5{ .
$= z/L/nfO{ ljleGg /fu] x¿af6 arfpgsf nflu ;/' IffTds zlStsf] ljsf; u5{ .
%= s'kfi] f0f xg' af6 arfpF5 .
^= z/L/sf ljleGg cª\ux¿sf] sfdnfO{ ;'rf? /fV5 .

lj|mofsnfk #=!

kfi] f0f vn] v]nf}“ M
;a} hgfn] tLg tLgcf6] f zAbkQLx¿ lngx' f];\ . cfkmn" fO{ dg kg]{ sg' } tLgcf]6f
vfgs] '/fx¿sf] gfd nV] g'xf];\ . ;a} hgfn] nl] v;sk] l5 pSt zAbkQLx¿nfO{ hDdf
ugx'{ f];\ . tkfO{“sf] sIffdf k9\g] ;fyLx¿nfO{ dg kg{] k|d'v tLg vfg]s/' fx¿ s] s]
/x]5g\, klxrfg ugx'{ f;] \ .

#=@ vfgfsf cfwf/et" k|sf/x¿ (Basic types of foods)

xfdf| ] z/L/nfO{ cfjZos kg{] kfi] fstŒjx¿ kf| Kt ug{sf nflu lbgxF' ljleGg

k|sf/sf vfg]s'/f vfg'k5{ . xfdLn] vfg] w]/}h;f] kl/sf/x¿ jg:klt

:jf:Yo,zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf sIff $ 21

;f| t] af6 kf| Kt x'G5g\ . vfgs] /' f hgfjf/ ;f| ]taf6 klg k|fKt x'G5 . ;|f]tsf
cfwf/df vfgfnfO{ lgDgfg';f/sf b'O{ efudf juLs{ /0f ul/Psf] 5 .

-s_ jg:kltaf6 k|fKt x'g] vfgf (Foods from Plants )

xfdLn] lbgx'F vfg] cGg, sGbd"n, bfn, u]8fu8' L, t/sf/L, kmnkmn" jg:klt
;f| t] af6 kf| Kt xG' 5g\ .

-c_ cGg (Cereals)

cGg vfgfsf] d'Vo ;|f]t xf] .
o;cGtu{t rfdn, ds}, ux'F,
sf]bf,] kmfk/, pjf, h'g]nf], cflb
k5{g\ . o:tf vfg]s'/fn] xfd|f]
zf/L/nfO{ zlSt / tfk lbG5g\ . o; ;dx" af6 x/]s 5fsdf sg' } Pp6f jf
PseGbf a9L vfgs] '/f 5gf6] ug{ ;lsG5 .

-cf_ sGbd"n (Roots and tubers)

cfn', t?n, lkF8fn', ;v/v08,
ufh/, dn' f cflb sGbdn" xg' \ . o:tf
vfg]s'/fn] xfd|f] z/L/nfO{ tfut
lbG5 . o; ;dx" sf vfgs] /' fx¿ klg
;Dej eP;Dd lbgxF' vfg'k5{ .

-O_ bfn tyf u]8fu8' L (Pulses and legumes):

d;/' f], df;, du' , /x/, rgf, af8] L, /fhdf,
l;dL, e6df;, s]/fp cflb bfn tyf u]8fu'8L
xg' \ . oL vfg]s/' fn] z/L/sf] jl[ 4 ljsf;df
dbt u5{g\ . o; ;d"xsf vfgs] /' f klg x/]s
lbg vfgk' 5{ .

22 :jf:Yo,zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf sIff $

-O{_ t/sf/L (Vegetables)

l;dL, aGbf, km;L{, cfn' cflb t/sf/L
xg' \ . df;} dcg;' f/ :yfgLo :t/df pknAw xg' ]
xl/of] ;fu tyf t/sf/L lbgx'F vfg'k5{ .
xl/of] ;fu tyf t/sf/Ln] xfd|f] z/L/nfO{
/fu] nfUgaf6 arfpF5 .

-p_ kmnkmn" (Fruits)

cfFk, s]/f, ;'Gtnf, cDaf, :ofp cflb
kmnkm"n xg' \ . df;} dcg';f/sf kmnkm"n
vfgfn] /f]u;Fu n8\g] Ifdtf j[l4
x'G5 . :yfgLo :t/df pknAw x'g]
kmnkm"n ;s;] Dd lbgxF' vfg'k5{ .

-v_ hgfj/af6 kf| Kt xg' ] vfgf (Foods from Animal)

xfdLn] vfg] u/s] f s]xL vfg]s/' f hgfj/af6 kf| Kt x'G5g\ . hgfj/af6 k|fKt
x'g] vfgs] /' fx¿ b'O{ ks| f/sf 5g\ M

-c_ df5f, df;' / cG8f (Fish, meat and egg):

df5f, df;' / cG8f hgfj/af6
kf| Kt xG' 5g\ . /fFuf, v;L, Rofª\uf| ,
;uF' /' , xfF;, sv' '/f cflbaf6 df;'
k|fKt ug{ ;lsG5=. xfF; / s'v'/f
cflbaf6 cG8f kf| Kt ug{ ;lsG5=.
o:tf vfgs] '/fn] xfdf| ] z/L/sf] jl[ 4
/ ljsf;df ;xof]u u5g{ \ . o:tf vfgs] '/fx¿ cfjZostfcg';f/ vfg'k5{ .

:jf:Yo,zf/Ll/s tyf l;hg{ fTds snf sIff $ 23

-cf_ b'w / o;sf kl/sf/x¿ (Milk and products):

oL vfg]s'/fn] klg xfd|f] z/L/sf] j[l4 /
ljsf;df ;xof]u u5{g\ . bw' , bxL, l3p,klg/
h:tf vfgs] /' fx¿ rf}kfoaf6 kf| Kt x'G5g\ .
o:tf vfgs] '/fx¿ klg lgoldt vfgk' 5{ .

ljm| ofsnfk #=@

tkfO“n{ ] cfh s] s] vfge' of] < tL vfgfx¿ sg' s'g ;f| t] af6 k|fKt ePsf x'g\ <
;fyL;“u 5nkmn ug'{xf];\ .

#=# ;Gt'lnt cfxf/sf] kl/ro (Introduction to the balanced diet)

xfdf| ] z/L/nfO{ :j:y, tGb?' :t / lg/fu] L /fVgsf nflu bl} gs ¿kdf ;Gtl' nt
cfxf/ vfgk' 5{ . xfdf| ] z/L/nfO{ zlSt lbg,] jl[ 4, ljsf; ug]{ / /fu] af6 arfpg]
;d"xsf vfgs] '/fx¿ 5gf6] u/L tof/ kfl/Psf vfgfnfO{ ;Gtl' nt cfxf/
elgG5 . xfdL :j:y / tGb?' :t xg' sf nflu bl} gs ¿kdf ;Gt'lnt cfxf/
lngk' 5{ . ;Gtl' nt cfxf/ tof/ ubf{ tn lbPh:t} vfB;dx" af6 sDtLdf
s'g} Pp6f kg]{ u/L 5gf6] ugk'{ 5{ M

zlSt lbg] vfgfdf rfdn, ux'F, ds,} sfb] f], kmfk/, cfn' cflb k5g{ \ .
logLx¿n] z/L/nfO{ zlSt / tfk lbG5g\ .

df5f, df;,' cG8f, bfn, u8] fu8' L,Rofp, bw' , bxL, klg/ cflb z/L/ agfpg]
vfgfsf] ;d"xdf k5g{ \ . logn] z/L/nfO{ j[l4 / ljsf;df ;xofu] u5{g\ .

z/L/ /Iff ug]{ vfgfsf] ;d"xdf xl/of] ;fu, t/sf/L / df};dcg';f/
sf kmnkm" nx¿ k5g{ \ . logLx¿n] ljleGg ks| f/sf /fu] x¿af6 arfpg
dbt u5{g\ .

24 :jf:Yo,zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf sIff $

lj|mofsnfk #=#

sIffdf clego ugx{' f;] \ M
sIffsf ljBfyLx{ ¿ sd| zM zlSt lbg,] z/L/ jl[ 4 ug]{ / z/L/ /Iff ug{] ;dx" df
ljefhg xg' x' f;] \ . x/s] ;dx" sf ljBfyLx{ ¿n] cfcfÇgf] ;dx" df kg{] Ps Pscf6] f
vfBj:ts' f] kl/ro, ;f| t] / sfo{ nv] L rf6{ agfP/ sIffdf k:| tt' ugx{' f;] \ .

cfÇgf] Jojxf/ ldNbf] sf]7fdf l7s lrxg\ -√_ nufpg'xf;] \ M

d]/f] kf]if0f Jojxf/ l7s al] 7s
!= d 3/df agfPsf] vfhf ljBfnodf Nofp5' .
@= dnfO{ hfpnf] / lv/ vfg dg kb{}g .
#= d df5f, df;' / cG8f vfg dg k/fpF5=' .
$= d b'w / o;af6 ag]sf kl/sf/ lgoldt vfG5=' .

%= d]/f] ljBfnodf lbjfvfhfsf] Joj:yf 5 .

^= d t/sf/L / kmnkm"n lgoldt vfG5' .

&= d ;s;] Dd cNkkf]ifs vfg]s'/f vfFlbg .

#=$ :j:ys/ vfgf (Healthier foods)
uLt ufcf“} M

3/df ksfPsf tfhf vfg]s/' f vfcfF}
;kmf n'uf nufP/ ljBfno hfcf}F .

bfn vfcf}F eft vfcf}F z/L/ :j:y /fvf}F
;fyL;uF L e]nf eO{ v]n vN] g] u/f}F .

l98F f] /f6] L t/sf/L vfcfF} kmnk"mn
la:s'6 rfprfp w]/} vfg] gu/ x} e'n
kmf]xf]/ af;L vfg'x'Gg vfpm tfhf vfgf
vfhf vfgf vfgc' l3 xft w'g hfg .

z/L/ :j:y /fVgnfO{ vfpm :j:y vfgf
:jf:Yo 7'nf] ;DklQ xf] olt s'/f hfg .

:jf:Yo,zf/Ll/s tyf l;hg{ fTds snf sIff $ 25

ljm| ofsnfk @=$

:jf:ys/ / c:jf:ys/ vfg]s/' fsf] ;"rL tof/ ug'x{ f];\ M

:jf:ys/ vfg]s'/f c:jf:ys/ vfg]s/' f
!= ==================================== != =======================================
@===================================== @ =======================================
#====================================== # =======================================
$===================================== $ =======================================
%====================================== % =======================================

k|ltlaDag

!= bfn, eft, t/sf/L, df5f, df;', cG8f, bw' , bxL cflb xfdLn] lbgxF'
vfg] vfgs] /' fx¿ xg' \ .

@= vfgfn] xfdf| ] z/L/nfO{ zlSt lbg], z/L/ j[l4 ug{] / /fu] af6 arfpg]
sfo{ u5{g=\ .

#= xfdLn] vfg] vfgf jg:klt / hgfj/ ;|f]taf6 kf| Kt x'G5g\ .

$= jg:klt ;|f]taf6 cGg, sGbd"n, bfn, u]8fu8' L, t/sf/L tyf kmnkmn"
kf| Kt xG' 5g\ .

%= hgfj/ ;f| t] af6 df5f, df;,' cG8f, bw' / o;sf kl/sf/x¿ kf| Kt xG' 5g\ .

^= xfdf| ] z/L/nfO{ zlSt lbg,] jl[ 4 / ljsf; ug{] Pjd\ /fu] af6 arfpg]
;dx" sf vfgs] /' fx¿ 5gf6] u/L tof/ kfl/Psf] vfgfnfO{ ;Gtl' nt cfxf/
elgG5 .

^= xfdLn] lbgx'F :jf:ys/ / tfhf vfg]s'/f vfg'k5={ . o:tf vfg]s/' fn]
xfdLnfO{ lg/f]uL /xg dbt u5{ .

*= af;L, ;8]uns] f, lemFuf eGss] f / cNkkfi] fs vfgs] '/f -junk food_
vfg' x'Fb}g . o:tf vfgs] '/fn] /f]u nfUg ;S5=.

26 :jf:Yo,zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf sIff $

cEof;

!= tn lbOPsf pŒf/af6 ;xL pŒf/ 5fGgx' f];\ M
-s_ tn lbOPsf dWo] sg' vfgfsf] sfd xfO] g <

-c_ tfk / zlSt lbg] -cf_ /fu] af6 arfpg]
-O_ z/L/ jl[ å ug ]{ -O_{ df6] f] / eb\bf agfpg]
-v_ zlSt lbg] dV' o vfgf s'g xf] <
-c_ t/sf/L -cf_ u]8fu8' L
-O_ kmnkmn" -O{_ eft / /f]6L

-u_ kmnkmn" / t/sf/Lsf] sfd sg' xf] <
-c_ z/L/ xs' g{ dbt ug{] -cf_ z/L/ a9\g dbt ug{]
-O_ z/L/sf] /Iff ug {] -O_{ zlSt lbg]
-3_ s'g vfgfn] z/L/sf] jl[ 4 / ljsf; u5{ <
-c_ eft / /f6] L -cf_ kmnkm"n / t/sf/L
-O_ u8] fu'8L / bw' -O{_ cfn'
-ª_ s'g vfg]s/' f cNkkf]ifs x'g\ <
-c_ lvr8L / ;nfb -cf_ /f]6L / t/sf/L
-O_ hfpnf] / bw' -O{_ la:s'6 / rfprfp

:jf:Yo,zf/Ll/s tyf l;hg{ fTds snf sIff $ 27

@= hf]8f ldnfpgx' f];\ M
cGg eft, /f6] L, cfn'
u]8fu'8L la:s6' / rfprfp
zlSt lbg] vfgf ds}, sf]bf,] pjf
z/L/ lgdf0{ f ug]{ vfgf gfg} L, l3p, t]n
z/L/ /Iff ug]{ vfgf df;,' bw' , u]8fu8' L
cNkkf]ifs vfg]s'/f kmnkmn" / xl/of] t/sf/L
rgf, af8] L, /fhdf

#= pQ/ nV] gx' f;] \ M
-s_ zlSt lbg] vfg]s'/fx¿sf] pbfx/0f;lxt kl/ro nV] gx' f;] \ .
-v_ vfgfsf sg' } rf/ sfo{x¿ pNn]v ug{'xf;] \ .
-u_ vfgfsf ;|ft] x¿ pNn]v u/L tL ;|ft] cGtut{ kg]{ vfgs] /' fsf

s]xL pbfx/0fx¿ lbgx' f];\ .
-3_ ;Gt'lnt cfxf/ egs] f] s] xf] < of] lsg cfjZos x'G5 <
-ª_ :jf:Yfs/ vfgfsf sg' } bO' { dxŒj pNnv] ug'x{ f;] \ .
-r_ tkfO{Fn] 3/ tyf ljBfnodf vfg] :jf:Yos/ vfgfsf] ;r" L tof/

ugx{' f];\ .

$= kl/of]hgf sfo{ M
-s_ tkfOnF ] kl5Nnf] Ps xKtfdf ljBfnodf vfge' Psf] lbjf vfhfsf] ljj/0f

pNnv] u/L Ps xKt] kfi] f0f 8fo/L tof/ kfg{x' f;] \ / leQ]kf6Ldf k|b{zg
ugx{' f];\ .

28 :jf:Yo,zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf sIff $

lbg vfhfsf] laa/0f

cfOtaf/
;f]daf/
dª\unaf/
aw' af/
laxLaf/
z'j|maf/

-v_ tkfO{nF fO{ dg kg]{ Ps Pscf6] f kmnkm"n / t/sf/Lsf lrq agfO{ ldNbf]
/ª eg'x{ f;] \ / sIffdf k|:t't ug'x{ f;] \ .

:jf:Yo,zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf sIff $ 29

/fu] tyf kbfyx{ ¿sf] b'Jo{;g $PsfO

(Disease and Substance Abuse)

b"lift xfjf, kfgL, df6f] / /f]uL;Fusf] JolStut ;Dks{af6 /f]u ;g{
;S5g\ . Ps JolStaf6 csf{] JolStdf ;g{] /fu] nfO{ ;?jf /f]u elgG5 . ;?jf
/f]un] dxfdf/Lsf] cj:yf klg lng] ePsfn] ;ts{ /xgk' 5{ . :jf:ys/ afgL
Jojxf/ ckgfpbF f o:tf /f]u nfUgaf6 aRg ;lsG5 .

laF8L, r/' f]6, xS' sf, lrlnd cflbsf] wj' fF ;]jg ug'{nfO{ w"dkfg elgG5 .
hf8F , /S;L h:tf dfbs kbfy{ ;j] g ug{] sfo{nfO{ dBkfg elgG5 . w"dkfg
/ dBkfg b'j} :jf:Yosf nflu xflgsf/s 5g\ . o:tf kbfy{sf] lg/Gt/
;j] g ug{] nt bJ' o{;g xf] . xfdL ;a} bJ' o{;gaf6 6f9f /xgk' 5{ .

$=! ;?jf /f]usf] kl/ro / ;g]{ dfWoodx¿ (Introduction to

communicable diseases and mode of transmission)

k9f}“ / a'emf“} M

36gf !

sdnfnfO{ s]xL lbg cl3 dGb Hj/f] cfof] . 6fpsf] b'Vg] / gfsaf6 kftnf] l;uF fg
aUg] klg eof] . pgnfO{ ?ufvfs] L nfus] f] /x5] =. pgn] cfkm" la/fdL xbF' f efO;uF }
k9\g] / v]Ng] ul/g\ . To;n} ] pgsf] ?ufvf]sL efOnfO{ klg ;èof] .

36gf @
/3'jL/sf ufpFsf w]/} h;f] dflg;x¿ em'n gxfnL ;'Tg] u5{g\ . jiff{ofd
lyof] . j/k/ vfN8fv'N8Ldf kfgL hd]sf] lyof] . s]xL ;do kl5 gcf]8L
;'Tgx] ¿nfO{ h/f] cfpg yfNof] . pgLx¿nfO{ cfn} f] h/f] ePsf] /x]5 .

30 :jf:Yo,zf/Ll/s tyf l;hg{ fTds snf sIff $

dflysf] 36gfdf eP h:t} Ps JolStnfO{ nfus] f] /fu] sg' } dfWodåf/f csf{]
JolStnfO{ ;b5{ eg] o:tf] /fu] nfO{ ;?jf /fu] elgG5 . ;?jf /fu] x¿ sL6f0fn' ]
ubf{ nfU5g\ . sdnfnfO{ nfus] f] ?ufvfs] L / nfsF /' L ufpsF f dflg;x¿nfO{
nfus] f] xh} f klg ;?jf /fu] x'g\ . o;afx]s sf]/fg] f, cfpF, h'sf, Ifo/fu] ,
nx/]vfs] L, bfb'/f, kf]lnof,] 6fOkmfO8, nt' f,] dnl] /of, cflb ;?jf /fu] x¿
xg' \ . ;?jf /fu] bl" ift xfjf, kfgL, df6f] cflbaf6 ;5g{ \ . /fu] L JolSt;uF sf]
;Dks{, ls/f / hgfj/sf] 6f]sfOaf6 klg ;b5{ g\ .

lj|mofsnfk $=!

tnsf lrq x]gx{' f];\ . s'g s'g dfWoodaf6 /fu] ;g]{ /x]5g,\ 5nkmn ugx{' f];\ M

:jf:Yo,zf/Ll/s tyf l;hg{ fTds snf sIff $ 31

$=@ b"lift vfgf / kfgLaf6 ;g{] /f]u (Disease transmitted through

contaminated food and water)

af;L, uGxfPsf, lemuF f eGss] f, vn' f u/L /fvs] f, kmfx] f/] xftn] ksfPsf
/ rnfPsf vfgf bl" ift vfgf xg' \ . o:tf vfgfn] /fu] nfUg ;S5g\ .
wldnf] lb;flk;fa -9n_ ldl;Psf], g5f]kL /fv]sf], kmf]xf]/ ef8fdf
e08f/g ul/Psf] kfgL bl" ift x'G5 . bl" ift kfgL lkpgfn] /fu] nfU5 .
h'sf, cfpF, emf8fkvfnf, x}hf, 6fOkmfO8, hlG8; ;a} b"lift vfgf /
kfgLaf6 ;g]{ /f]ux¿ xg' \ . a]nd} f pkrf/ ePdf o:tf ks| f/sf /f]u lgsf]
xG' 5g\ .

36gf k9f}“ / ae' mf}“ M

efn] f xh'/a'af;uF } ahf/ uPsf lyP . xh'/aa' fn] ;/;dfg lsGge' of] . efn] fnfO{
klg lslglbge' of] . 3/ cfpg] an] f ef]nfn] ;8ssf] glhs} v'nf ¿kdf a]Rg /fv]sf
vfgs] /' f lsGg lh2L u/] . xh/' aa' fn] gvfg ;Demfpge' of] t/ pgn] dfgg] g\ . xh/' aa' fn]
;df;] f / ksf}8f lslglbg'eof] . efn] f vfbF } 3/ kmls{P . a]n'sfkv ef]nfnfO{ tf/Gtf/
afGtf eof] . a'afn] pgnfO{ :jf:Yo rfs} L n}hfg'eof] . 8fS6/n] b"lift vfgfn] o:tf]
ePsf] s/' f] eGge' of] . pgn] xh/' aa' fn] egs] f] s/' f gdfGbf cfkmn" fO{ /fu] nfus] f]
dx;;' u/] . To;kl5 pgn] vn' f ¿kdf aR] g /fvs] f vfgs] /' f slxNo} gvfg] afrf u/] .

lj|mofsnfk $=@

-s_ ;8ssf] 5]p5fpdf vn' f ¿kdf a]Rg /flvPsf vfg]s/' f lsg vfg' x'bg} <
v= efn] fnfO{ s] s:tf] ;d:of b]vf k¥of,] lsg <
-u_ s] tkfO“{ klg ef]nfn] h:t} vn' f ¿kdf aR] g /fvs] f] vfgs] /' f vfg] ug{e' Psf]

5, lsg < o:tf] afgL s;/L ;w' fg{ ;lsG5 <

32 :jf:Yo,zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf sIff $

efn] f / pgsf kl/jf/n] bl" ift vfgf / kfgLaf6 ;g{] /fu] af6 aRg o:tf]
pkfox¿ cjnDag u/]sf 5g\ M

/fu] nfUgaf6 aRg] pkfox¿

!= ksfPsf vfgfnfO{ /fd|f];uF 5f]k]/ /fVg]
@= af;L, ;8]un]sf, g5f]k]sf, lemuF f eGss] f] vfgs] '/f gvfg]
#= vfgf vfg'cl3 ;fag' kfgLn] /fd|f];uF ldrLldrL xft wg' ]
$= kfgLsf] efF8fnfO{ /fdf| ];uF 5fk] /] /fVg]
%= kfgLnfO{ pdfn/] , Snfl] /g jf cfofl] 8gsf] emf]n ko| fu] u/]/ dfq lkpg]
^= kfgLsf] d'xfg j/k/ ;kmf /fVg]
&= 3/ j/k/sf] jftfjf/0f ;kmf /fVg]

*= rkL{df dfq lb;flk;fa ug]{ cflb

$=# bl" ift xfjfaf6 ;g{] /f]ux¿ (Diseases transmitted through

contaminated air)

/f]uL JolStn] vfS] bf, xflR5pF ubf{, ;f; kmb] f{ / ys' l;Fufgsf] l56faf6
/f]usf sL6f0f'x¿ xfjfdf ldl;g k'U5g\ . o:tf] bl' ift xfjfaf6 ljleGg
k|sf/sf /fu] ;b5{ g\ . o;nfO{ bl" ift xfjfaf6 nfUg] /fu] elgG5 . ?ufvfs] L,
sf/] fg] f, Ifo/fu] , bfb/' f, nx/v] fs] L, lgdfl] gof, Eofut' ] /fu] cflb bl" ift xfjfaf6
;g{] /f]u x'g\ . o:tf /fu] n] xfdf| ] Zjf;kZ| jf; gnLdf ke| fj kfb{5g\ .

b"lift xfjfjf6 ;g{] /fu] x¿af6 aRg lgDglnlvt pkfox¿ cjnDag ug{'k5{ M

!= la/fdLsf] glhs} ga:g], gv]Ng] clg ;uF } g;'Tg]

@= vfS] bf jf xflR5pF ubf{ ?dfnn] gfsdv' 5f]Kg]

#= ?dfn gePdf xftsf] s'Ogfn] 5f]k/] dfq vf]Sg] jf xflR5pF ug]{

:jf:Yo,zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf sIff $ 33

$= 3/ / j/k/ hyfefjL gyS' g]

%= 3/ aflx/ lgl:sbF f, le8ef8df a:bf df:s nufpg]

^= a]nf an] fdf ;fa'g kfgLn] ldrLldrL xft wg' ] jf :oflg6fOh/sf]
k|of]u ug]{

&= Hj/f] cfPsf, vf]sL nfus] f dflg;sf] ;Dks{df ghfg], olb hfg} k/]
;fjwfgL ckgfpg]

*= cfˆgf] j/k/sf] jftfjf/0f ;kmf /fVg] cflb

lj|mofsnfk $=#

b"lift xfjfaf6 ;g]{ /f]ux¿ -h:t} M sf/] fg] f, Ifo/fu] h:tf_ af6 aRg cfÇgf 3/
kl/jf/sf] el" dsf s] xg' ;S5, cleefjs;u“ 5nkmn ug{'xf;] \ .

$=$ w"dkfgsf] kl/ro, sf/0f / c;/ (Introduction to smoking,

casues and effects)

r'/f6] , la8F L, sSs8, x'Ssf, tdfv' cflbsf] w'jfF ;j] g ugn'{ fO{ wd" kfg
elgG5 . w"dkfgsf] ntdf km:g'nfO{ b'Jo{;g elgG5 . dflg;x¿
w"dkfgsf] ntdf w]/} sf/0fn] km:g] u5g{ \ . wd" kfg ;?' cft ug{s' f] klxnf]
sf/0f 3/ / kl/jf/ xf] . 3/kl/jf/sf sfx] L ;b:on] wd" kfg u5{ eg]
csf{] ;b:on] klg l;Sg ;S5g\ . wd" kfg ug]{ ;fyL ;ª\uLsf] nxn} xd} f nfUbf
klg w/] } hgf b'Jo{;gdf km;s] f 5g\ . lj1fkgsf sf/0fn] klg dflg;x¿
w"dkfgsf] ;]jg ug{ k'U5g\ . sltkon] w"dkfgn] ug{] c;/ yfxf gkfP/ klg
;]jg ul//xs] f xG' 5g\ .

w"dkfgn] xfdf| ] :jf:YonfO{ xflg u5{ . wd" kfgsf] ;]jgn] d'v uGxfpg],
bftF sfnf] x'g], vf]sL nfUg,] 5ftL b'Vg], cfFvf /ftf] xg' ] xG' 5 . nfdf]
;dobl] v w"dkfg ug{]x¿df Zjf;kZ| jf; / /Strfk a9\g], nuftf/ vf]sL

34 :jf:Yo,zf/Ll/s tyf l;hg{ fTds snf sIff $

nflu/xg] h:tf c;/x¿ b]vf k5g{ \ . w"dkfg ug{] w]/} h;f]nfO{ Ifo/f]u,
lgdfl] gof, kmfS] ;f] / d'vsf] SofG;/ xg' ;S5 . wd" kfg ubf{ lg:sg] w'jfnF ]
glhs} /xg] JolStnfO{ ;dt] c;/ u5{ .

36gf syf k9f“} M

lrgf/fd wd" kfgsf cDdnL lyP . pgL lgoldt w"dkfg
ub{y] . pgL w]/} h;f] r'/f]6 lkpFy] eg] slxns] fxLF la8F L
/ ss8sf] klg ;]jg uby{ ] . sx] L ;docl3 pgL la/fdL
k/] . pgnfO{ c:ktfn nluof] . 8fS6/n] pgsf] :jf:Yo
k/LIf0f u/] . pgsf] kmfS] ;fdf SofG;/ ePsf] /x]5 .
sx] L dlxgfkl5 pgL l;ls:t la/fdL k/] .

lj|mofsnfk $=$
5nkmn u/f}“ M
-s_ lrgf/fdsf] lsg lj/fdL k/] xfn] fg\ <
-v_ lrgf/fdnfO{ sg' /f]u nfu]sf] /x]5 <
-u_ tkfO{“ wd" kfgsf] ;j] g ug]{ JolStnfO{ s] ;Nnfx lbgx' 'G5 <

$=% wd" kfgsf] k|of]un] kl/jf/ / ;d'bfodf kfg{] c;/ (Effects of

smoking to the family and community)

wd" kfgsf] ;]jgn] cDdnLnfO{ uDeL/ :jf:Yo c;/ u5{ . o;sf ;fy} p;sf]
j/k/ a:g] c¿nfO{ klg c;/ u5{ . olb kl/jf/df sf]xL Ps hgfn] dfq
wd" kfg u5{ eg] cGo JolStnfO{ klg plQs} g/fd|f] c;/ u5{ . o;sf ;fy}
3/kl/jf/df emu8f xg' ] / k};fsf] ;ªs\ 6 klg xg' ;S5 . kl/jf/sf ;b:o
la/fdL kg{ uO{ yk ;d:of klg bv] f kg{ ;S5 .

wd" kfgsf] c;/ ;db' fodf klg k5{ . dflg;x¿n] rf]s, rft} f/L, 3'DtLdf
a;/] w"dkfg ubf{ j/k/ a:g] / lxF8g\ ] dflg;x¿nfO{ ;d]t c;/ u5{ .

:jf:Yo,zf/Ll/s tyf l;hg{ fTds snf sIff $ 35

;d'bfodf cDdnLx¿ a9b\ } hfbF f /fu] L / czStx¿sf] ;ª\Vofdf jl[ 4 x'g
hfG5 . o;n] kl/jf/ / ;db' fonfO{ yk ;d:of / ef/ kfb5{ . cDdnLsf]
nfk/afxLn] ubf{ slxns] fxLFcfunfuL h:tf] csNkgLo 36gf klg x'g\ ;S5 .

lj|mofsnfk $=%

lrq x/] L 5nkmn ugx'{ f];\ M

-s_ dflysf lrqdf ss;n] w"dkfg ul//x]sf 5g\ <
-v_ kl/jf/sf c¿ ;b:ox¿n] s] s] ul//x]sf 5g\ <
-u_ 3/kl/jf/sf ;a} ;b:ox¿ Ps} 7fp“df xb“' f sf]xL ;b:on] w"dkfg ubf{ c¿nfO{

c;/ u5{ ls ub}{g xf]nf < o;n] afnaflnsfx¿nfO{ s:tf] ke| fj kfb{5 xfn] f <

36 :jf:Yo,zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf sIff $

$=^ wd" kfgaf6 aRg] pkfo (Preventative ways of smoking)

wd" kfg :jf:Yosf nflu cToGt} xfgLsf/s 5 . bJ' o;{ gdf km;]sf dflg;nfO{
klxns] f] cj:yfdf Nofpg ufxf| ] k5{ . To;}n] wd" kfgsf] ntaf6 ;wF} 6f9f /
xgk' 5{ . wd" kfgaf6 aRg / arfpg lgDglnlvt pkfox¿ ckgfpg ;lsG5 .

!= wd" kfgsf] c;/kl| t ;r]t /xg'k5{ .
@= kl/jf/sf ;b:ox¿nfO{ klg w"dkfgsf] c;/ k|lt ;r]t u/fpg'

k5{ .
#= ;fyLx¿sf] nx}nxd} f nfu]/ wd" kfg ug'x{ Fb' }g .
$= Psk6s t xf] gL eg/] klg wd" kfg ug{' xb' g} .
%= w"dkfgdf nfu]sf JolStnfO{ wd" kfgaf6 6f9f /xg ;'emfj lbgk' 5{ .
^= cfkm" a:g] 6fn] , 5/l5d]s / ;db' fodf w"dkfg lj?4sf] hgrt] gfdn" s

sfo{jm| d cfofh] gf ug'{k5{ .

lj|mofsnfk $=%
5nkmn u/f“}

w"dkfg lj?4sf] hgrt] gfdf ;xefuL x'g Kns] f8d{ f n]lvg] :jf:Yo ;Gb]zx¿sf]
gd'gf tof/ kfg{x' f;] \ .
!= wd" kfg :jf:Yosf nflu xfgLsf/s 5 .
@= wd" kfg Tofuf}“, :j:y agf} .

:jf:Yo,zf/Ll/s tyf l;hg{ fTds snf sIff $ 37

k|ltlaDag

!= Ps JolStaf6 csfd{ f ;g]{ /fu] nfO{ ;?jf /fu] elgG5 .
@= ?ufvfs] L, emf8fkvfnf, sf/] fg] f, cfp,F hs' f, Ifo/fu] , kfl] nof,] 6fOkmfO8,

dnl] /of, 8]ªu\ ' cflb ;?jf /fu] xg' \ .
#= ;?jf /fu] bl" ift xfjf, kfgL, df6f] / JolStut ;Dks{af6 ;b{5 .
$= h'sf, cfpF, emf8fkvfnf, x}hf, 6fOkmfO8, hlG8; cflb bl" ift vfgf /

kfgLaf6 ;g{] /f]u x'g\ .
%= ?ufvfs] L, Ifo/fu] , bfb/' f, nx/v] fs] L, lgdf]lgof, Eofut' ] /fu] bl" ift

xfjfaf6 ;g]{ /fu] x¿ x'g\ .
^= ;?jf /f]un] dxfdf/Lsf] ¿k lng] ;Sg] ePsfn] ;ts{ /xgk' 5{ .
&= r'/f6] , la8F L, sSs8, xS' sf, tDafv' cflbsf] wj' fF ;]jg ug'n{ fO{ wd" kfg

elgG5 . w"dkfg :jf:Yosf nflu xflgsf/s 5 .
(= wd" kfg / dBkfgsf] ntdf kg'{ bJ' o{;g xf] . o;af6 6f9f /xg r]tgf

kmn} fpg' k5{ .

cEof;
!= tn lbOPsf dWo] sg' } Ps l7s ljsNk 5fGg'xf];\ M

-s_ tnsf dWo] sg' ;?jf /fu] xfO] g <
-c_ x}hf -cf_ sf]/fg] f
-O_ bd -O{_ Ifo/f]u

38 :jf:Yo,zf/Ll/s tyf l;hg{ fTds snf sIff $

-v_ b"lift kfgLaf6 ;g]{ /fu] s'g xf] <

-c_ bfb/' f -cf_ sf/] fg] f

-O_ Ifo/f]u -O_{ x}hf

-u_ xfjfaf6 ;g]{ /f]u s'g xf] <

-c_ SofG;/ -cf_ cfpF

-O_ xh} f -O{_ lgdf]lgof

-3_ tnsf dWo] s'g w"dkfghGo j:tc' Gtut{ kbg}{ <

-c_ r'/f]6 -cf_ la8L

-O_ sSs8 -O_{ Njfª

-ª_ tnsf dWo] sg' wd" kfgsf] uDeL/ c;/ xf] <

-c_ vfs] L nfUg ] -cf_ 5ftL b'Vg]

-O_ h/f] cfpg] -O_{ kmf]S;fsf] SofG;/

@= pkoS' t zAbx¿sf] k|ofu] u/L vfnL 7fp“ eg'{xf;] \ M

-s+_ ============================== Ps JolStaf6 csfd{ f ;b5{ .

-v_ hs' f, cfpF, emf8fkvfnf / 6fOkmfO8 =====================af6 ;g]{
/f]u xg' \ .

-u_ xfdLn] ==========================df dfq lb;flk;fa ug{'k5{ .

-3_ 3/ aflx/ lgl:sbF f / le8ef8df hfFbf ;wF} =========================
nufpg' k5{ .

-ª_ wd" kfgsf] ;]jg :jf:Yosf nflu =============================5 .

:jf:Yo,zf/Ll/s tyf l;hg{ fTds snf sIff $ 39

#= pQ/ nV] g'xf;] \ M

-s_ ;?jf /f]usf] kl/ro lbgx' f;] \ .
-v_ /f]u ;g{] dfWoodx¿ s] s] x'g\ pbfx/0f;lxt pNnv] ug'x{ f;] \ .
-u_ bl" ift vfgf / kfgLaf6 ;g]{ /f]ux¿sf] gfd pNn]v ug'x{ f];\ .
-3_ bl" ift xfjfaf6 ;g{] /f]ux¿ s] s] x'g\ <
-ª_ wd" kfgn] ug{] c;/x¿sf] ;r" L tof/ ug{x' f;] \ .
-r_ b"lift xfjfaf6 ;g]{ /f]uaf6 aRg tkfO{Fn] s] s] pkfox¿

ckgfpge' Psf] 5 <
-5_ w"dkfgsf] ;]jgn] kl/jf/ / ;d'bfodf kfg{] c;/x¿ pNn]v

ug'x{ f;] \ .
-h_ kl/jf/sf ;b:ox¿nfO{ w"dkfgaf6 arfpg tkfO{F s] s] ug{

;Sg'xG' 5 <

$= kl/ofh] gf sfo{ ug{'xf];\ M

-s_ b"lift vfgf / kfgLaf6 ;g]{ /f]uaf6 aRg tkfO{sF f] kl/jf/n] s]
s:tf pkfox¿ cjnDag ul//xs] f] 5 < cleefjs;uF 5nkmn
ug'x{ f;] \ / aFb' f l6kf]6 u/]/ sIffdf k|:tt' ugx{' f];\ .

-v_ s] tkfO{sF f] 3/, 5/l5d]s jf 6f]ndf a;f]af; ug]{ sfx] L wd" kfg
ug{x' G' 5 < olb ug'{ xG' 5 eg] pxfFnfO{ tnsf kZ| gx¿ ;f]Wgx' f;] \
/ tnsf] ljm| ofsnfk ug'{xf;] \ .

-c_ pxf“ sg' pd/] bl] v s] s] sf/0fn] wd" kfgdf nfUg' ePsf] /x]5 <

-cf_ pxfn“ fO{ wd" kfgn] ug{] c;/x¿ atfpb} wd" kfgsf] nt TofUg eGgx' f;] \ .

-O_ tL JolSt w"dkfgsf] ntdf s;/L km;]sf /x5] g\ lzIfs / ;fyLx¿nfO{
36gf syf ;g' fpg'xf];\ .

40 :jf:Yo,zf/Ll/s tyf l;hg{ fTds snf sIff $

%= tnsf] sf]7] tflnsfaf6 ;g]{ /f]ux¿ klxrfg ugx'{ f];\ M

h 5 If o /f] u C cf ?
x sf] /f] gf C S ;' df uf
n Sof Gf cF“ p“ k u\ c vf]
a\ Kff] C j a\ t / ;f sL
h' 5 ln z\ sf y bf b' /f
sf 9 h of] n /L u\ kf C
e / u P h d n] l/ of
P Sof G; / / O u\ 5 s]

:jf:Yo,zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf sIff $ 41

xfd|f] ;'/Iff (Our Safety) %PsfO

xfdL af6fdf lxF8\bf, a; r9\bf, eèofª r8\bf, v]Nbf, s'g} sfd ubf{
rf]6k6s nfUg ;S5 . srF} L, rSs', rn' ;] L, xlF ;of h:tf wfl/nf xltof/x¿
rnfpFbf klg b'3{6gf x'g ;S5 . tftf] kfgL, tftf] b'w, tftf] tn] ,
dl6tn] , k6] f« n] , l8hn, l:kl/6 h:tf kbfyx{ ¿;Fu klg xfl] ;of/ xg' 'k5{ .
xfdLn] ;w}F bfofF / afofF x]/]/ dfq af6f] sf6\gk' 5{ . k6] L gePsf] ;8ssf]
bfofF lsgf/faf6 lx8F g\ k' 5{ . ;8sdf ha] f| jm| l;ª jf cfsfz] kn' af6 dfq af6f]
sf6g\ k' 5{ . 3/, ljBfno / vn] db} fgdf vN] bf ;/' Iffsf pkfox¿ ckgfpgk' 5{ .
;/' Iffsf pkfox¿ ckgfpFbf b'3{6gfaf6 aRg ;lsG5 .

tnsf lrq xg] x' f;] \ / ;'/Iffsf nflu s] s:tf pkfox¿ ckgfOPsf] 5,
;fyL;u“ 5nkmn ug{'xf];\ .

-s_ df6] /;fOsn rnfpFbf x]Nd]6 lsg nufpg'k5{ <
-v_ a; r9b\ f nfOgdf a;/] r9\gk' 5{, lsg<
-u_ af6f] sf6b\ f h]af| s|l;ªaf6 sf6gk' 5,{ lsg <
-3_ ;/' Iffsf pkfox¿ ckgfpbF f b'36{ gfaf6 aRg s;/L dbt u5{ <

42 :jf:Yo,zf/Ll/s tyf l;hg{ fTds snf sIff $

%=! ;'/Iff / k|fylds pkrf/sf] kl/ro (Introduction to safety and

first aid)

;fOsn, :s'6/ jf df6] /;fOsn rnfpbF f x]Nd6] nufpgk' 5{ . o;n] b'3{6gf
eOxfNof] eg] 6fpsfdf uDeL/ rf]6k6s nfUgaf6 arfp5F . To:t}u/L,
a; r9\bf cfÇgf] kfnf] kv/{] dfq r9\g'k5{ . o;f] ubf{ rf6] k6saf6 aRg
;lsG5 . 3/aflx/ lg:sFbf ;w}F df:ssf] ko| f]u ugk{' 5{ . o;n] w'nfw] jF' f
/ /]usf sL6f0fa' f6 ;/' Iff lbG5 . sf/] fg] fnufotsf cGo xfjfaf6 ;g]{
/fu] af6 klg arfpF5 . Jo:t ;8sdf lx8F \g] dflg;x¿n] af6f] sf6\gsf
nflu ha] f| jm| l;uª jf cfsfz] kn' sf] ko| fu] ugk{' 5{ . ;/' Iff Jojxf/ ckgfpbF f
b3' 6{ gf x'gaf6 aRg ;lsG5 .

o;/L rf6] k6s jf b'3{6gfaf6 hf]lugsf nflu ckgfOg] ;Dk"0f{ ;fjwfgLsf
pkfox¿nfO{ ;/' Iff elgG5 . x]Nd]6 nufP/ :s'6/ rnfpg,' nfOgdf a;]/
a; r9\g,' ;l] ˆ6d]6sf] ko| fu] u//] lgdf{0fsf] sfd ug',{ h]af| jm| l;ª / cfsfz]
k'naf6 dfq} af6f] sf6\g' ;/' Iffsf pbfx/0f xg' \ . s] tkfO{nF ] klg ;'/Iffsf
o:tf pkfox¿ kfngf ug'e{ Psf] 5 < kSs} klg 5 xfn] f . olb 5}g eg] Vofn
ugx{' f;] \ lsgeg] b'36{ gf hlt v]/ klg x'g ;S5 . x/s] sfd ubf{ ;fjwfgL
ckgfof}F eg] dfq b'3{6gfaf6 aRg ;lsG5 .

ljm| ofsnfk %=!

tnsf] lrqdf s] eO/x]sf] 5, 5nkmn ug'x{ f;] \ M

:jf:Yo,zf/Ll/s tyf l;hg{ fTds snf sIff $ 43

b'3{6gf ePs} :yndf 3fOt]nfO{ ul/g]
pkrf/nfO{ kf| ylds pkrf/ elgG5 . of] 3fOt]
nfO{ c:ktfn k'èofpgc' ufl8 g} ul/g] ;fdfGo
pkrf/ xf] . o;n] 3fOts] f] cj:yf yk hl6n
x'gaf6 arfpF5 ;fy} csfndf dT[ o' xg' af6
klg hf]ufpF5 . ;fdfGotof k|fylds pkrf/sf]
tflnd lnPsf] JolStn] kf| ylds pkrf/ ;S5g\ . kf| ylds pkrf/ ug{sf
nflu kf| ylds pkrf/ afs;df ePsf ;fduL| x¿ k|of]u ul/G5 . o;df
l86f]n, k66\ L, s}FrL, AofG8]h, kGhf, a]6fl8g, ydfl]{ d6/, skf;, P8l] ;e
6]k, nf];g, dnd, ;dfGo cf}ifwL cflb xG' 5g\ .

ljm| ofsnfk %=@

tkfO“s{ f] ljBfnodf kf| ylds pkrf/ afs;df s] s] ;fduL| / cfi} fwLx¿ /flvPsf
5g\ < lzIfssf] ;xof]udf ;r" L tof/ ug{x' f;] \ .

%=@ 3/, ljBfno / v]n db} fgdf xg' ] b'3{6gfaf6 aRg ckgfOg] ;'/Iffsf
pkfox¿ (Prevention of accidents in home, school and

playground)

syf k9f}“ / 5nkmn u/f“} M

pldn{ fn] b'36{ gfaf6 aRg w]/} ;fjwfgL ckgfpg] ul5{g\ . pgL rSs' /

44 :jf:Yo,zf/Ll/s tyf l;hg{ fTds snf sIff $

xlF ;ofh:tf wfl/nf] xltof/ rnfpFbf ;wF} ;rt] x'lG5g\ . ;nfO{ nfO6/
af6 cfuf] afNbf lgs} xf]l;of/ x'g] ul5{g . pgL eèofª / afb{nLdf
lx8\bf klg xf]l;of/ x'lG5g . pmgL cfFugdf v]Nbf klg a'afcfdfsf]
;xofu] df efO;uF ldn/] vN] g] ul5g{ . rN' xfd] f cfuf] afNbf kfN] 5 eg/] lrD6fsf]
ko| fu] ul5g{ \ . s/G] 6 nfU5 eg]/ pgL lr;f] xftn] slxNo} l:jr af8] {
rnfpFlbgg\ . pgsf] oxL afgLn] ubf{ pgnfO{ rf]6 k6s nfus] f] 5}g .

lj|mofsnfk %=#

pldn{ fn] h:t} tkfOn{“ ] klg 3/df x'g ;Sg] b'3{6gfaf6 aRg s] s:tf ;/' Iffsf
pkfox¿ cjnDag uge'{ Psf] 5, ;"rL tof/ kfgx{' f;] \ .

pldn{ f / efO;uF } ljBfno hfG5g\ . pgLx¿
ljBfno hfbF f ;8ssf] 5p] nfu/] lx8F g\ ] u5g{ \
. pgsf] sIffsf ;fyLx¿ cg'zfl;t 5g\ .
sIffsf7] fdf sx] L ;d:of cfof] eg] lzIfsnfO{
va/ u5{g . pgLx¿ sIffsf7] f aflx/ hfbF f /
cfpbF f tfFtLdf lx8F \g] u5g{ \ . wf/f, rkL{ / v]nd}bfgdf xtf/ gul/sg kfnf]
kv{g] u5{g\ . rkLs{ f] ko| f]u ul/;sk] l5 ;kmf klg u5{g\ .

ljm| ofsnfk %=$

tkfOx“{ ¿n] ljBfnodf b'3{6gfaf6 aRg s] s:tf ;'/Iffsf pkfox¿ cjnDag
ug{e' Psf] 5 < 5nkmn u/L ab'“ f l6kf]6 ug'{xf];\ .

pld{nf / pgsf ;fyLx¿ cg'zfl;t 45
eP/ v]Ng] u5{g\ . pgLx¿ v]n
d}bfgdf uP/ v]Ng] u5{g\ . pgLx¿
zf/Ll/s lzIffsf] k|of]ufTds
ug]{ ;dodf lzIfssf] ;xof]udf dfq
v]Ng] u5{g\ . v]ndf ;xefuL x'g'cl3

:jf:Yo,zf/Ll/s tyf l;hg{ fTds snf sIff $