नेपाली कक्षा ९

ltdLn] xftdf 7n] f p7fof}
/ ltdf| ] efUo/v] f dl] 6of] .
ca t km]l/g' kYof{] ltdf| ] bl} gsL
t/ lbbLn] n]lvg\ km;] a'sdf
æcfdfsf] k[YjLdf
b'Mvsf] df};d cem} klg .Æ

k|Zgx¿

-s_ dflysf] sljtf+zdf ;a}eGbf a9L / ;a}eGbf sd zAb ;ª\Vof ePsf kªl\ St eGg'xf;] \ .

-v_ sljtfz+ sf] ;ftfF} kª\lStnfO{ Jofs/l0fs kbjm| d ldnfO{ eGg'xf;] \ .

-u_ …cfdfsf] k[YjLdf b'Mvsf] df;} dÚ eGg'sf] cy{ s] xf] <

-3_ cfdfsf] 9f8 sl' kg| fsf] vf; sf/0f s] xf] <

$= tn lbOPsf kZ| gsf] pQ/ nV] g'xf];\ M

-s_ sljtfdf sljn] cfdfsf af/d] f wldnf] wldnf];uF ;Dems] f s'/fx¿ s] s] x'g\ <
-v_ b'lgofFsf] ;a}eGbf Kof/f] cfdfsf] sfvnfO{ d kfqn] lsg la;s]{ f /x]5g\ <
-u_ ljb]zdf sdfPsf] k};fn] cfdfsf nflu s] s] ug{ ;s]sf] b]lvbF }g <
-3_ …dÚ kfq b]z kms{g] hxfhsf] ofqL aGg g;Sgfsf] sf/0f s] xfn] f <

%= tn lbOPsf] cgR' 5]b k9g\ 'xf;] \ / ;f]lwPsf k|Zgsf] pQ/ nV] gx' f;] \ M

dfa] fOn tyf sDKo'6/df OG6/g]6sf] dfWodaf6 ;r" gfx¿ ;Dk|]if0f ug]{ dfWod ;fdflhs
;~hfn xf] . o;sf dfWodaf6 xfdL cfkm"n] k|fKt u/s] f ;"rgf, ljrf/, kmf6] f,] lel8of]nufotsf
;fduL| cfkmGt, ;fyLefO tyf ze' ]R5'dfem cfbfgk|bfg u5fF{} . ;db' fodf cfwfl/t ;fduL| x¿
cfbfgk|bfg ug{] Ps k|sf/sf] ;~rf/dfWod ePsfn] o;nfO{ ;fdflhs ;~hfn elgPsf]
xf] . uf| dL0f e]udf ;dt] OG6/g]6sf] kxr'F lj:tf/ eP;Fu} ;fdflhs ;~hfn ko| f]usf]
bfo/f lgs} km/flsnf] ePsf] 5 . ;"rgf / k|ljlwsf] ljsf;;uF } o'jfx¿sf] t s/' } 5fl] 8lbpmF,
afnaflnsfb]lv Ho]i7 gful/sx¿n] xftxftdf dfa] fOn rnfO/xs] f 5g\ . clxn] ;a} pd/]
;dx" sf] ;fdflhs ;~hfnk|lt cfsif{0f a9\b} uPsf] b]lvG5 . o;n] dflg;x¿nfO{ ;zSt
¿kdf hf8] \g] sfd ug's{ f ;fy} of] dfgj hLjgsf] cleGg cªu\ h:t} ags] f] 5 . ;"rgf tyf
hfgsf/Lx¿ lng, ;dfrf/x¿ xg] { dflg;x¿n] ;fdflhs ;~hfns} ;xf/f lnO/x]sf x'G5g\ .
To:t} ;fdflhs ;~hfnsf] k|ofu] n] ;fdflhs ;rt] gfsf] :t/ j[l4df ;xof]u k'¥ofPsf]
5 . o;n] Psftkm{ xfd|f b}lgsLnfO{ cem ;/n agfOlbPsf] 5 eg] csf{tkm{ ko| f]ustf{sf]
c;fjwfgLsf sf/0f sltko ;+j]bgzLn 38Ldf dfgl;s qf; / hf]lvd;d]t ylklbPsf]
bl] vG5 .

146 g]kfnL, sIff (

-s_ pQ/ lbg'xf];\ M

-c_ ;fdflhs ;~hfn eg]sf] s] xf] <
-cf_ ;fdflhs ;~hfnsf] ;b'kofu] s;/L ug{ ;lsG5 <
-O_ ;fdflhs ;~hfn k|ofu] stfn{ ] s'g s/' fdf ;fjwfgL ckgfpg'k5{ <
-O_{ lsg ;fdflhs ;~hfnk|lt cfsif0{ f a9\b} uPsf] b]lvG5 <

-v_ efiff ;/+ rgf klxrfg ug{'xf];\ M

-c_ …cfzfÚ zAbsf] ljk/LtfyL{ zAb l6kL jfSodf k|of]u ug'{xf];\ .
-cf_ cg'R5b] sf] klxnf] jfSonfO{ stj{[ fRodf abNgx' f;] \ .
-O_ …cfdf ahf/ hfg'xG' 5Ú jfSonfO{ efjjfRodf kl/jt{g ug'x{ f];\ .

^= ‘cfdfsf] tl:a/’ sljtfsf cfwf/df cfdfn] 5f/] f5f]/Lk|lt ug{] dfofddtfsf] rrf{ ug{'xf;] \ .

&= ‘d’ kfq :jb]zd} /x]sf] eP cfdfsf] bM' v s;/L x6fp“Yof] xf]nf, sljtfsf cfwf/df
nV] g'xf];\ .

*= lbOPsf] sljtf+zsf] JofVof ug'{xf];\ M

ha hftF f] 3'dfpg ;Sg] ePF
d]/} hLjgsf] rjm| 3D' of] ToxL hfFtf] emF}
/ d p8\g'k¥of] ;ft ;d'bk| fl/ .

(= lbOPsf] cg'R5]b k9g\ x' f];\ . To:t} u/L dnfO{ dg kg]{ 7fp“ zLifs{ df efjk/s cgR' 5b] tof/
kfg'{xf;] \ M

d/] f] bz]

lxdfnsf] ;]tf] km]6f, kxf8sf] xl/of] ef]6f] / t/fOs{ f] kx]Fnf] s5f8 km]//] a;]sf] d]/f] bz]
d]/f] d'6s' f] 6'j|mf xf] . l;Gw'df x/fPsf] laGb' h:t} ljZjsf] ed" 08ndf ;fgf] b]lvP klg d]/f]
bz] d]/f] xb[ osf] w8s\ g xf] . d/] f] bz] ;u/dfyfnfO{ dfydf lnP/ xf;F ]sf] 5 clg kjt{ af6
lgTo lg/Gt/ alu/x]sf cd[t wf/f lkP/ afrF s] f] 5 . kj" d{ f dr] L / klZrddf sfnLsf] ;fFw
sf]//] pQ/tkm{ lxdzª[ \vnfsf] kf| s[lts kvfn{ nufO{ :jod\ ks| l[ t g} d/] f] b]zsf] /Iffdf
vl6PsL l5g\ . d]/f] bz] sf] rf/ lsNnfleq ks| l[ tbj] L /dfpFb} 5d5d gfr]sL l5g\ . ;o" s{ f
;'gf}nf / ;'sf]dn ls/0fx¿ ha lxdfnnfO{ :kz{ u5{g\ clg d]/f] b]zdf pHofnf] kfl] vG5 .
;o" {sf ls/0fx¿ lxdfnoaf6 labf ePkl5 kg' M oxfF cFWof/f] kfl] tG5 . /x:osf] ;/fj] / d]/f]
bz] cgs] tfleq Pstf ePsf] bz] xf] . oL ;a} kIfsf cfwf/df xb] f{ ljZjel/s} kf| s[lts
;fG} bon{ fO{ oxL vGofPsf] h:tf] nfU5 .

gk] fnL, sIff ( 147

!)= tn lbOPsf] cg'R5]b k9L tfl] sPsf] sfo{ ugx{' f];\ M

;l' gtf / clgtf gf} sIffdf k95\ g\ . bj' } v'a ldNg] ;fyL x'g\ . ;l' gtf sIffdf g]kfnL
lzIfsn] k9fPsf] / kf7\ok:' tsdf ePsf] s/' f dfq k9l\ 5g\ . clgtf rflxF To;afxs] vfnL
3G6Ldf k':tsfnodf uP/ lzIfsn] k9fPsf] ljifo;uF ldNg] c¿ lstfa klg k9\l5g\ .
clgtfnfO{ pgsf aa' fn] lzIfsn] k9fpge' Psf] s'/f dfq k9g\ ] ljBfyL{eGbf cfkmn}F ] vf]h/]
k9g\ ]n]Vg] ljBfyLs{ f] k9fOn]vfO /fd|f] xG' 5 eGg'ePsf] 5 . To;}n] pgL k:' tsfno hflG5g\ .
sx] L ;dokl5 ha lgaGw k|ltofl] utfdf ljBfnosf] tkma{ f6 bj' } hgf 5gf]6 eP . 3f]s/]
/ lzIfsn] n]vfPsf] gf]6sf dfq e/ k//] uPsL ;'lgtf rfy} f] eOg\ t/ k:' tsfnodf uO{
cfkmFn} ] ;fdu|L vf]h/] lgaGw kl| tofl] utfdf ;fd]n ePsL clgtf ky| d eOg\ .

tkfOnF{ fO{ dgkg]{ sg' } klg ljwfsf] k|ltof]lutfdf k'/:st[ x'gsf nflu u/s] f] kl/sNkgf
sIffdf k|:tt' ug{'xf;] \ .

;'gfO / af]nfO

!= ;'gfO kf7 !% ;'Gg'xf;] / tn lbOPsf k|Zgsf] pQ/ eGg'xf];\ M

-s_ km"nx¿ s] s] eP <

-v_ efjs' km"nx¿sf] hLjg sd] f 8'Aof] <

-u_ km"nx¿n] s:tf] ljifodf sljtf n]v] <

-3_ laxfgLsf] ls/0fn] km"naf/L /ª\luof] eGg'sf] tfTko{ s] xfn] f <

@= sljtfdf kmn" x¿n] ss] f nflu ljbf| x] u/]sf xf]nfg\ <

eflifs ;+/rgf / j0fl{ jGof;

!= tn lbOPsf] tflnsfsf] st{[jfRo / efjjfRodf ePsf] ;+jfb k9g\ 'xf];\ / ae' mg\ 'xf;] \ M

;j+ fb ! ;+jfb @

xl/x/ M stf lx8F \g'eof] x,F w/0fLw/Ho" < xl/x/ M stf lxlF 8of] x,F w/0fLw/Ho" <

w/0fLw/ M xg} olQs} 3'Dg lx8F ] lg d t . w/0fLw/ M x}g olQs} 3'ldFb} kf] 5 t .

xl/x/ M P, 3D' g kf] lxF8g\ ' ePsf] /x5] , x}g < xl/x/ M P, 3'Dg kf] lxFl8of] xg} <

w/0fLw/ M xf,] hyfefjL sfd lagf rflxF w/0fLw/ M xf,] hyfefjL sfd lagf rflxF

glxF8\g'xf];\ x} . glxFl8of];\ x} .

xl/x/ M xg} w/0fLw/Ho" Ps l5gdf cfpF5' . xl/x/ M x}g w/0fLw/Ho" Ps l5gdf cfOG5 .

148 gk] fnL, sIff (

@= tn lbOPsf bfof“ / afof“lt/sf jfSox¿ k9g\ 'xf];\ / lgb]{zcg;' f/sf] sfo{ ugx{' f;] \ M

d ef]ln laxfg} p7]/ lxF8\5' . d cf7 ah] uh/' L kU' 5' . d !@ ah] lrtjg k'U5' . d Ps lbg
;f/} fxf 3D' 5' . d Ps lbg ToxL a:5' . csf]{ lbg d sf7df8fF} cfpF5' . efl] n laxfg} p7/]
lxFl8G5 . cf7 ah] uh'/L kl' uG5 . !@ ah] lrtjg kl' uG5 . Ps lbg ;f/} fxf 3'ldG5 . Ps
lbg ToxL al;G5 . csf]{ lbg sf7df8fF} cfOG5 .

-s_ dflysf] tflnsfaf6 st[j{ fRo / efjjfRosf lj|mofkb l6Kg'xf];\ .

-v_ dflysf] tflnsfsf jfSonfO{ ;fdfGo eljiot\ sfndf kl/jtg{ ug{'xf];\ .

#= sf]i7sdf lbOPsf ;ªs\ ]tsf cfwf/df jfRo kl/jtg{ ug{'xf];\ M
-s_ xfdLx¿ ed| 0fdf uPsf lyof}F . -efjjfRo_
-v_ lxnf]df nl8P5 . -st[{jfRo_
-u_ ;dodf af;:yfg kl' uof];\ . -st{[jfRo_
-3_ xfdL bz ah] ljBfno hfGYof}F . -efjjfRo_
-ª_ ;fyLx¿ sIffdf Wofgk"j{s a:b} xg' ] 5g\ . -efjjfRo_
-r_ t/sf/L lsGg ahf/ lxlF 8of] . -stj{[ fRo_

$= lx8“ \g,' 8N' g,' hfg', a:g' h:tf wfta' f6 aGg] lj|mofkbsf] k|of]u u/L bO' { hgf ;fyLsf lardf
efjjfRodf s/' fsfgL ug'{xf];\ .

%= stj{[ fRosf] ko| fu] u/L cfkmn" ] u/]sf] /dfOnf] ofqfsf] af/]df Pp6f cg'R5b] tof/
ug'x{ f];\ .

^= tnsf] cgR' 5]b k9g\ 'xf;] \ / ‘C‘ / ‘l/’ nfu]/ ags] f zAb sfkLdf l6Kg'xf;] \ M

Cifesf] 3/ l/8L ahf/df k5{ . pm j]bsf Crf kf7 u5{ . Cifesf aa' f Clifs]z l/hfn
cfˆgf] /Lltl/jfh / wd{sd{df va' ljZjf; /fVgx' G' 5 . CifesL alxgL Crf ;wF} l/agn]
skfn af6]/ k9g\ hflG5g\ .

&= lbOPsf] cg'R5b] nfO{ ‘C’ / ‘l/’ sf] pko'St k|ofu] u/L k'gnv{] g ug{'xf];\ M

j;Gt l/t'df lk|YjLdf xCofnL 5fpg] x'gfn] ljm| ifsx¿ cToGt v;' L xG' 5g\ . pgLx¿ l/0f
vf]h]/ eP klg vt] LkftLdf h6' 5\ g\ . ls;fgx¿ kC>dL x'gfn] pgLx¿sf] xft CQf] xFb' g} .
pgLx¿ cfˆgf] ;:+ sf/, ;+l:j|mlt tyf CltCjfhnfO{ slxNo} la;b{ }gg\ .

l;h{gf / kl/of]hgf sfo{

!= cfkm"nfO{ dg k/]sf] zLifs{ df Pp6f sljtf tof/ kfg{'xf;] \ .

@= ljBt' Lo jf kqklqsfsf] ;f| ]t ko| fu] u/L Pp6f uB sljtf vf]h]/ sIffdf ;'gfpgx' f];\ .

gk] fnL, sIff ( 149

kf7 !^ eljio lgdf{0f

— bj] sd' f/L yfkf

s]6fs6] L vN] b} u/s] f] bZ[ o, a'afsf] kfv'/fdf vt b]v/]
5f]/fn] lh1f;f /fv]sf]

bflhl{ nªsf] t'ª;ª' a:tLdf Pp6f ;fgf] lrl6Ss k/s] f] 3/ 5 . To; 3/sf] cl3lNt/ ;U' 3/
cfuF gsf b'j}k6l\ 6 ;fgf ;fgf kmn" af/L 5g\ . 3/ sf7sf] Pstn] 5 . 3/sf] 5fgfsf] /ª /ftf] 5 .
To;sf] leQf xl/of] /ªn] kft] s] f] 5 . ;ª\3f/sf bj' }k6\l6 udnfdf rd]lnofsf af]6 5g\ . udnf
/ftf] df6fn] lnk]sf] 5 . 9fs] f / ‰ofnx¿df xl/of] /ªsf] kbf{ 5 . t'ª;'ª a:tLlt/ hfg] dflg;
To; 3/tkm{ cfslif{t x'G5 .

kfjt{ L x'g\ To; 3/sL u[xnIdL . ltgL lzlIft / u'0fjtL lyOg\ . ;fx}| ;'Gb/L geP klg ltgdf
:qL;'ne ;fG} bo{ cjZo lyof] . o;n} ] sKtfg s[i0faxfb'/ ;v' L 5g\ . bf];f| ] dxfo4' df ltgL nK6g
ePsf lyP . kl5 sKtfg eP . o'4 yfldof,] ltgL kN6gaf6 kms]{kl5 cfˆg} ;fgfl] tgf] Jofkf/
u/]/ clxn] hLjg latfO/xs] f 5g\ .

ltgsf] kfrF jif{sf] Pp6f 5f]/f] 5, g/]z . kfj{tL ofU] o ul[ x0fL ePsL x'gfn] of] 5f]/fsf] kfngkf]if0fdf
ljzi] f Wofg lblGyg\ . of] 5f/] fnfO{ o; bz] sf] Ps hgf >]i7 JolSt agfpg] ltgsf] PsfGt :jKg
lyof] t/ of] :jKg ltgn] klt;DdnfO{ klg egs] L lyOgg\ . ltgsf] :jefj g} efj's lyof] .

zAbfy{
;ª\3f/ — 9f]sfsf] 7]nf,] ;3“ f/
>i] 7 — c;n, pQd
efjs' — sfd] n efj ePsf], efjgfdf 8'as] f]

150 gk] fnL, sIff (

Ps cfOtaf/ ltgL Pp6f b}lgs cvaf/ k9\b} lyOg\ . w/] } lbgb]lv ltgsf] x[bo ef/L lyof],
bfDkToef/n] . sf]l/ofsf] o4' , ltAatdf ePsf] cfjm| d0f, g]kfnsf] hgjm| flGt, ?; / cdl] /sfsf]
dte]b, ljZjdf st} zflGt 5g} . of] ljZjo'4n] 3/ 3/ czflGtsf] cfuf] ;NsfO;Sof] .
s]6fs]6Lx¿ o4' s} v]n v]N5g\ . v]ndf sf]xL sKtfg x'g,] sf]xL s0fn]{ x'g] clego u5g{ \ . o:tf]
ljZjsf] czfGt jftfj/0fdf 5f]/f] s;/L a9\nf < ltgL o:t} s'/fx¿ uld/xlGyg\ . cfˆgf klt;uF
klg ltgL o:tf] ljifo lnP/ s/' f uly{g\ . bj' } kltkTgL 5f]/fnfO{ o:t} ;Dks{bl] v cnUu /fVg]
sfl] ;; uy]{ . ;T' g] sf]7fdf pgLx¿n] a4' jf0fL, ufGwLjf0fL h:tf w]/} zflGt ;Gbz] x¿ gk] fnLdf
n]v/] 6fFus] f lyP . g/z] nfO{ o'4jL/ xf]Og, zflGtjL/ agfpg] pgLx¿sf] :jKg lyof] .

of] cfOtaf/ klg cvaf/df ltgn] sfl] /ofsf o'4;DaGwL va/ kl9g\ . s[i0faxfb'/ 3/leq cf/fd
ul//x]sf lyP . g/]z ltgL;uF vl] n/x]sf] lyof] . x7ft\ p;sf] bl[ i6 cfˆgf aa' fsf] kfv/' fsf] nfdf]
bfudf k¥of] / ;f]Wof,] æaf, oxfF s] eof] xF <Æ s[i0faxfb/' n] eg] æn8fOd{F f ufn] L nfus] f] afa' .Æ

g/z] , æs;n] ufn] L xfgs] f] lyof] aa' f <Æ

s[i0f, æhdg{ x¿n] .Æ

g/z] , æuf]nL nfUbf tkfO{FnfO{ b'vg] <Æ

si[ 0f, æb'v/] s] ug{' < n8fOdF f o:t} x'G5, afa' . zqx' ¿nfO{ dfg{} k5{ .Æ

g/z] n] kml] / x7ft\ kZ| g u¥of] æaa' f, tkfO{Fn] klg dflg; dfg{'eof] <Æ 5f]/fsf] o; k|Zgn] ltgL
Psl5g uDeL/ eP / eg], æxf,] w/] } hdg{ x¿nfO{ df//] t d sKtfg ePF .Æ olt dfq egs] f lyP,
ltgL cfkmF} em;ªu\ eP/ 5f/] fsf] cgx' f/df k'nS' s x/] ] . g/]zsf] lgbf]{if cgx' f/df lh1f;f / låljwf
emlNs/xs] f] lyof] . ltgnfO{ cfˆgf] e'n yfxf eof] . ca kfjt{ Ln] s] elGng\ eGg] ltgsf dgdf
k¥of] . s'/f ;DxfNg' Joy{ lyof] lsgeg] g/z] aflx/ uO;s]sf] lyof] .

kltkTgL larsf s'/f eO/xs] f] lyof], g/z] Pp6f nfdf] sf7 afs] /] clha rfnn] sf7] fdf k|jz]
u¥of] . bj' n} ] x]l//xs] f lyP . g/]zn] sf7 b]vfP/ eGof], æa'af, x]gf]{;\ t aGbs' , o;}n] d 7n' f]
eP/ kl5 hdg{ x¿nfO{ df5'{ .Æ

kfjt{ Ln] kltlt/ lh1f;' bl[ i6n] x]l/g\ . bj' }sf cfvF f hw' ] . s[i0faxfb/' sf] cg'xf/sf] /ª pl8;s]sf]
lyof] . kfj{tLn] s]xL elggg,\ sj] n 6fl] nFb} 5f/] fnfO{ xKsfOg\ . Pp6f p8\b} cfPsf] kt' nLlt/
b]vfP/ 5f]/fnfO{ 6f]nfOg\, æpM Û x/] s:tL /fdL| kt' nL .Æ g/]z k'tnLsf kl5kl5 bu¥' of] .

dte]b — dt jf ljrf/df leGgtf 151
x7ft\ — crfgs, PSsfl;
bfu — 3fp lgsf] ePkl5 /x]sf] 6f6f], vt
lgbfi]{ f — s'g} bfi] f gePsf ]
clha — cgf7} f], cfZro{ nfUbf]

gk] fnL, sIff (

/ftL ;T' g] j]nfdf g/]zn] kml] / cfdfl;t ;fW] of], æcfdf, hdg{ x¿ ;fx|} v/fa, x'G5g\ /] xf] <Æ
kfj{tLn] elgg,\ æxfO] g afa,' ;a} hd{gx¿ v/fa xF'bg} g\, ltgLx¿ a8f 1fgL klg xG' 5g\ . /fu] LnfO{
lgsf] kfg]{ cg]sf} cfi} fwL pgLx¿ g} agfp5F g\ . snsfF6fsf] sfddf klg pgLx¿ l;kfn' x'G5g\ .Æ
g/]z, æp;f] eP a'afnfO{ lsg ufn] L xfg] t <Æ
kfjt{ L, æpgLx¿n] xfg]gg\ . c¿ b'i6x¿n] xfgs] f lyP .Æ
g/z] , æbi' 6x¿ sf] xg' \ cfdf <Æ
kfjt{ L, æhf] c¿nfO{ bM' v lbG5, cfkm" dfq vfG5, 7'nfsf] ctL{ dfGbg} , Tof] g} b'i6 xf] .Æ o; s'/fn]
g/z] sf] dgdf ulx/f] k|efj k¥of] . cfdfnfO{ x]//] p;n] ;fW] of], æcfdf, d v/fa 5' ls /fdf| ] 5' <Æ
5f/] fsf] k|Zgn] kfj{tL dgdg} xfFl;g\ / elgg,\ æltdL /fdf| 5f,} ;ae} Gbf /fdf| 5f,} afa' .Æ
Tof] /ft kfj{tL lgs} a]/;Dd 56k6fO/lxg\ . si[ 0faxfb/' klg cfˆgf] a;] '4Ldf lvGg lyP .
ef]lnkN6 klg g/z] n] cfdf rflxFnfO{ hd{gx¿s} s/' f ;f]Wof] . kfj{tLn] To; caf]w afnssf]
dgbl] v k|ltlx+;fsf] efj x6fpg] g} ri] 6f ul//lxg\ .
ToxL /ft efG;f ;s/] kfjt{ L 5f/] fnfO{ ;t' fpg] sf]l;; ub{} lyOg\ . g/]zn] cfˆgf ;fgf ;fgf
afxn' ] cfdfsf] ufnf 5fk] ]/ nf8] :j/df eGof,] æcfdf, cfhbl] v d}n] aGb's kmflnlbPF x} . kl5 d
7'nf] eP/ hdg{ hfG5,' hdg{ Lx¿nfO{ ;fyL agfpF5' / d klg pgLx¿n] h:t} /fu] LnfO{ lgsf] kfg]{
cfi} fwLx¿ agfpF5' .Æ 5f]/fsf] s'/f ;g' /] kfj{tLsf] s07 el/P/ cfof] . ltgn] æxG' 5 afa'Æ ;Dd
eGg ;lsgg\ . ltgsf] unf ?4 lyof,] cfFvfdf xiff{>' lyof] . 5f]/fsf] eljio cfh ltgn] lgdf{0f
ug{ ;lsg\ . 5f]/f] lgbfO;s]/ ld7f] :jKgdf v]ln/xbF f klg cfdf rflxF 5f/] fsf] eljio lgdf{0fdf
em'ln/x]sL lyOg\ .

b'i6 — csfn{ fO{ bM' v lbg]
a;] '4L — ;r]t gePsf]
ri] 6f — sfl] ;;, k|oTg
xiff{> ' — v';Lsf] cf“;'

152 gk] fnL, sIff (

zAbe08f/

!= tn lbOPsf zAb / cy{lar hf]8f ldnfpg'xf];\ M
zAb cy{
:jKg ;dfrf/ kq
cvaf/ 3fF6L
cnUu} s]xL ga‰' g]
uDeL/ sf]l;;
Joy{ wL/
snsf6F f PsfGt
cafw] oflGqs pks/0f
s07 leGg}
lg/ys{
;kgf
@= tn lbOPsf 6'Ssfsf] cy{ klxrfg u/L cfˆg} lsl;dn] jfSodf k|of]u ug{'xf];\ M
em;ªu\ x'g,' /ª p8\g,' lvGg xg' ,' s07 el/g', unf ?4 xg' '
#= kf“rcf]6f cg's/0ffTds zAbsf] ko| fu] u/L Pp6f cg'R5]b tof/ kfg'x{ f];\ .

af]w / cleJolSt

!= tn lbOPsf zAb z'4 pRrf/0f ug'x{ f];\ . ltgsf] cya{ f/] 5nkmn ug'{xf;] \ M
leQf], ‰ofn, lzlIft, x[bo, låljwf, cfi} fwL, k|fyg{ f, k|ltlx;+ f
@= g/z] , kfj{tL / si[ 0faxfb/' sf] ;+jfb xfpefp;lxt kfn}kfnf] ;:j/jfrg ug'{xf];\ .
#= tn lbOPsf kZ| gsf] pQ/ eGgx' f];\ M
-s_ syfsf] k|f/De s'g 36gfaf6 ePsf] 5 <
-v_ …g/z] n] ==== uO;s]sf] lyofÚ] cgR' 5b] sf] d'Vo 36gf s] xf] <
-u_ syfdf pkl:yt ePsf kfqsf] gfd eGg'xf];\ .
-3_ syfsf] clGtddf g/z] df s:tf] kl/jt{g cfPsf] 5 <

gk] fnL, sIff ( 153

$= lbOPsf] syfz+ lzIfsn] tf]ss] f] ;dosf cfwf/df dfg} k7g u/L ;fl] wPsf k|Zgsf] pQ/
nV] gx' f];\ M

Ps cfOtaf/ ltgL Pp6f b}lgs cvaf/ k9b\ } lyOg\ . w/] } lbgbl] v ltgsf] xb[ o ef/L
lyof,] bfDkToef/n] . sf]l/ofsf] o'4, ltAatdf ePsf] cfj|md0f, gk] fnsf] hgj|mflGt, ?;
/ cdl] /sfsf] dteb] , ljZjdf st} zflGt 5}g . of] ljZjo'4n] 3/ 3/ czflGtsf] cfuf]
;NsfO;Sof] . s6] fs]6Lx¿ o'4s} vn] v]N5g\ . vn] df sfx] L sKtfg x'g], sf]xL s0f]n{ x'g]
clego u5g{ \ . o:tf] ljZjsf] czfGt jftfj/0fdf 5f]/f] s;/L a9n\ f < ltgL o:t} s/' fx¿
uld/xlGyg\ . cfˆgf klt;uF klg ltgL o:tf] ljifo lnP/ s'/f uly{g\ . b'j} kltkTgL 5f/] fnfO{
o:t} ;Dksb{ l] v cnUu /fVg] sfl] ;; uy{] . ;'Tg] sf7] fdf pgLx¿n] a4' jf0fL, ufGwLjf0fL
h:tf w]/} zflGt ;Gb]zx¿ gk] fnLdf nv] ]/ 6fuF ]sf lyP . g/]znfO{ o4' jL/ xf]Og, zflGtjL/
agfpg] pgLx¿sf] :jKg lyof] .
kZ| gx¿
-s_ kfj{tLsf] xb[ o lsg ef/L lyof] <
-v_ o4' sf 36gfn] afn dlit:sdf s:tf] k|efj kfg{ ;S5 <
-u_ cfdfaa' fn] 5f]/fnfO{ s'g s'/faf6 cnu /fVg vf]h]sf lyP <
-3_ kfj{tLn] 5f/] fnfO{ zflGtjL/ agfpg s:tf] ko| f; ul/g\ <
%= syf k9L lbOPsf ;+jfb s;n] sf;] “u eg]sf x'g\, klxNofpg'xf;] \ M
-s_ o:tf] ljZjsf] czfGt jftfj/0fdf 5f]/f] s;/L a9n\ f <
-v_ uf]nL nfUbf tkfOFn{ fO{ bv' g] <
-u_ pM Û x]/ s:tL /fd|L kt' nL .
-3_ ;a} hd{gx¿ v/fa xbF' }gg\, ltgLx¿ a8f 1fgL klg x'G5g\ .
^= ‘bflhl{ nªsf] t'ª;'ª === xG' 5’ eGg] cg'R5b] af6 rf/cf]6f afw] kZ| g agfO{ ltgsf
pQ/af/] ;fyLx¿;“u 5nkmn ugx{' f];\ .
&= tn lbOPsf kZ| gsf] pQ/ n]Vgx' f];\ M
-s_ syfsf cfwf/df kfj{tLsf /fd|f u'0f pNnv] ugx{' f];\ .
-v_ syfdf pNnv] ePsf] kl/j]zsf] j0fg{ ugx{' f;] \ .
-u_ syfaf6 s] ;Gbz] kfOG5 <

154 gk] fnL, sIff (

*= ‘eljio lgdf0{ f’ syfsf cfwf/df lbOPsf 36gfsf] j|md ldnfpgx' f];\ M
-s_ ;a} s6] f]s6] L]n] o'4sf] vn] v]Ng'
-v_ kfjt{ Ln] 5f/] fsf] eljio lgdf{0f ug{'
-u_ t'ª;'ª a:tLlt/ hfg] dflg; 3/tkm{ cfslif{t x'g'
-3_ s[i0faxfb'/ klg cfˆgf] a];'4Ldf lvGg xg' '
-ª_ kfj{ltn] kltlt/ lh1f;' bl[ i6n] x]g'{
-r_ kfrF jifs{ f] Pp6f 5f]/f] xg' '
-5_ g/]znfO{ zflGtjL/ agfpg rfxg'
-h_ g/z] Pp6f nfdf] sf7 af]s/] clha rfnn] sf]7fdf kj| ]z ug{'

(= JofVof ugx{' f];\ M

hf] c¿nfO{ b'Mv lbG5, cfkm" dfq vfG5, 7'nfsf] ctL{ dfGbg} , Tof] g} b'i6 xf] .

!)= tn lbOPsf k|Zgsf] pQ/ n]Vgx' f;] \ M

-s_ 3/fo;L jftfj/0fn] afnaflnsfsf] :jefj / Jojxf/df s:tf] kl/jt{g Nofpg ;S5,
syfsf cfwf/df ts{ ugx{' f];\ .

-v_ olb g/z] sf] hd{gkl| tsf] ;fr] kl/jtg{ gePsf] eP cfdfaa' fn] s;/L ;w' f/ uy]{
xfn] fg,\ cg'dfg u/L ;dLIff ug{'xf;] \ .

!!= g/z] sf] dfgl;s cj:yfsf] lrq0f syfdf sg' sg' ;Gbed{ f ePsf] 5, j0fg{ ugx{' f;] \ .

!@= ljBfno :t/Lo v]nsb' kl| tofl] utf cfof]hgf ug{] ljifodf Pp6f cGt/lj|mof ug{x' f;] \ .

!#= Ps cg'R5b] df syfsf] d'Vo ;f/ n]Vgx' f;] \ .

!$= 8/, l/;, bM' v, v;' L h:tf ;j+ u] dfgjLo / dfgj]t/ bj' } kfqdf x'G5g\ . o:tf ;j+ ]usf]
k|:t'ltdf s] leGgtf xG' 5, sIffdf 5nkmn ug{'xf;] \ .

!%= tn lbOPsf] ;Gbe{ k9g\ x' f];\ / tf]lsPsf] sfo{ ug'x{ f;] \ M

;/' ]Gb| klxnf] k6s ljdfg:yn ku' ]sf] lyof] . pm hxfh r9/] sf7df8fF}af6 kf]v/f hfbF }
lyof] . p;nfO{ ljdfg:yndf ugk'{ g]{ sfdx¿af/] s]xL yfxf ePg . p;n] ToxfF /xs] f
;/' IffsdL{nfO{ ;f]Wof] . To;kl5 pm ;f]wk'5 sIfdf kU' of] . p;n] l6s6 hfFr:yn, emfn] f
klxrfg ug]{ / /fVg] 7fp,F p8fg ;do, k|tLIffno cflb ;a} s/' fx¿sf] hfgsf/L ToxfaF f6
kfof] . cfkm"nfO{ cfjZos k/]sf ;a} hfgsf/L kfPkl5 pm 9S' s eof] .

tkfOF{ gofF 7fpdF f hfbF f af6f] en' ]/ cndndf kge{' of] eg] s;/L c¿;Fu ;fw] k5' ugx{' 'G5,
sIffdf k|:tt' ug'{xf];\ .

gk] fnL, sIff ( 155

;g' fO / af]nfO

!= ;g' fO kf7 !^ ;'Gg'xf];\ / tn lbOPsf k|Zgsf] pQ/ eGgx' f];\ M
-s_ sfu s] ug]{ bfpdf lyof] <
-v_ sfun] u'F8 s;/L agfpFYof] <
-u_ euF ]/f]nfO{ ;x/df a:g dg gnfUgs' f] sf/0f s] xf] <
-3_ dfG5]n] sfunfO{ ug{] klxn] / clxn]sf] Jojxf/df s] kl/jt{g bl] vG5 <
@= dfgjn] kzk' G5LnfO{ s:tf] Jojxf/ ugk{' g{] 7fGgx' G' 5, cfˆgf wf/0ff k:| tt' ugx{' f];\ .

eflifs ;/+ rgf / j0f{ljGof;

!= lbOPsf] cgR' 5b] k9g\ 'xf];\ M
lxhf] Pp6f dfq sljtf kl9of] t/ cfh w]/} sljtf kl9P . k9\g cN5L nfu]/ 6l] nlehg
xl] /of] . 8N' g hfFbf af6fdf dfdf el] 6g'eof] . dfOh" klg el] 6ge' of] . efO el] 6P / alxgL klg
e]l6Og\ . tF lxhf] klg e]l6O;\, cfh klg el] 6O;\ lg .
dflysf jfSodf cfPsf kl9of], kl9P, x]l/of], el] 6g'eof], e]l6P, el] 6Og\, el] 6O;\ lj|mof
sd{jfRosf xg' \ .

@= tn lbOPsf] cg'R5b] nfO{ sd{jfRodf kl/jt{g ug{'xf;] \ M
xl/ syf nV] 5 . pm syf 5kfp5F . pm ;fyLefOnfO{ syfsf] lstfa lbG5 . w/] }n] p;sf]
lstfa k9\5g\ . xL/f xl/sf] lstfasf] ;dLIff u5]{ .
#= tn lbOPsf sd{jfRosf jfSonfO{ st{[jfRodf kl/jtg{ ug{'xf;] \ M
dåf/f cfFk NofOof] . kl/jf/sf ;b:onfO{ cfkF aflF 8of] . wGojfb kfOof] . ldn]/ cfFk vfOof] .
$= sd{jfRosf] k|ofu] u/L ;fyLx¿;“u jgef]h hf“bfsf /dfOnf 36gf j0fg{ ugx{' f;] \ .
%= lbOPsf] cg'R5]b k9L s[bGt tyf tl4tfGt zAbsf] klxrfg ugx{' f];\ M

sljtf, bLlKt / >l' tn] ufP/, gfr]/ clg vfP/ /dfOnf] u/] . bofn' bLks eg] b}lgs
;fdflhs ;]jfdf nfUg] dfgjtf ePsf] JolSt x'g\ . pgsf] k9fO, nv] fO /fd|f] 5 . pgL lgs}
xSsL, afn] Ss8 / xFl;nf klg 5g\ .
^= kf7df k|of]u ePsf s[bGt / tl4tfGt zAb klxrfg u/L ltgLx¿sf] agf]6 k|ljm| of bv] fpgx' f;] \ .

156 g]kfnL, sIff (

&= lbOPsf] ;Gbe{ k9g\ x' f;] \ / ‘/’ sf ljljw ¿k ko| fu] ePsf kb l6Kgx' f;] \ M

;o" s{ fGt ;fgf] 5f/] fsf nflu ¥ofn] lsGg k;n hfFbf af6fdf ?bk| |;fb uGwj{n] ¥ofO¥ofOF
;f/ª\uL ahfP/ ufPsf] /fli6o« uLt ;'g] . uLt ;'Gb} ubf{ afnaflnsfn] /dfOnf] dfgs] f] b]v/]
pgL /dfP .

*= kf7af6 ‘/’ sf] km/s km/s ¿k ko| fu] ePsf s'g} bzcf6] f zAb l6kf6] u/L ltgnfO{ jfSodf
k|of]u ugx{' f;] \ .

l;hg{ f / kl/ofh] gf sfo{

!= tn lbOPsf] ;Gben{ fO{ dV' o cfwf/ dfgL Pp6f syf tof/ ug{'xf;] \ M

sv' /' fsf] kmn' aR] g] clgn===========kmn' a]Rg k;n uO/xs] f=] ============sNkgfdf
d:t==================km'n ar] ]/ cfPsf] k};fn] af/L lsGg=] ==============af/Ldf kz| :t
t/sf/L nufpg]===========t/sf/L ar] ]sf] k};fn] 38/] L lsGg]=========38/] Ldf 7n' f] dxn
agfpg]==========3/sf sf7] fdf ef8f nufpg]=========ef8faf6 cfPsf] k;} fn] ;]o/ sf/fa] f/
ug{]==========olts}df 9ª' u\ fdf 7;] nfUg=' ============k;n k'Ug' cl3g} ;a} k'mn km6' g\ =' =====
sfdeGbf sNkgf a9L ug{] kj| l[ Q cg'lrt

@= k':tsfnoaf6 s'g} Ps syf vf]h/] Nofpg'xf;] \ / sIffdf ;g' fpgx' f;] \ .

g]kfnL, sIff ( 157

kl/lzi6

;'gfO kf7 !

d
…d}qL;q" Ú d b]zsf] xF' ;adf PsTj 5b{} 5' d
…wtL{k'qÚ dw];sf] xF' w/tL ;DkGg ub{} 5' d
kfvfdf vghf]t u5{' >dn] sdL{ / nf7] d xF'
OG›]gLdo of] ;dfh o;sf] /ª\uLg 8fkF m] d xF' .

dn] f, kj,{ b;,F} ltxf/, 57sf] Nxf];f/sf] ;f/ xF'
xf]nL, ljm| :d;sf,] kljq Obsf] kf| rLg cfwf/ x'F
cf:yf, dfgjtf, pbf/ ;dtf a:g] kmnrF} f xF' d
nfvf}F ;'Gb/ k'ik kl' ikt xg' ] ;femf aurF} f x'F d .
– /fdk|;fb 1jfnL

;g' fO kf7 @

kfl/>lds
Ps hgf ;DkGg / k|l;4 j[4 ;flxTosf/ lg/~hg >i] 7 Pp6f ;flxlTos klqsfdf 5flkPsf]
cfˆgf] syfsf] kfl/>lds lng klqsfsf] sfof{nodf ku' ] . klRr; lt; jif{ cufl8 kfl/>lds
hDdf ? @%) lyof] . Tof] klg gub xf]Og, rs] lbg] rng lyof] . cfˆgf] @%) ?lkofF kfl/>ldssf]
rs] lnP/ n]vs 3/ kms]{ .
efl] nkN6 klqsfsf ;Dkfbs cfˆgf] k;} f lng a}ª\sdf hfbF f Tof] rsf]{ 3fddf tL j[4 ;flxTosf/
nfOgdf cl;gkl;g xbF' } plePsf] bv] /] ;Dkfbs cfZrod{ f k/] . pgL n]vs;dIf uP/ cfZro{
ks| 6 ub}{ eg], ælg/~hgHo" Û tkfOF{ o:tf] 3fddf lsg nfOgdf plege' Psf] <Æ
æToxL lxhf]sf] @%) sf] rs] ;f6g\ cfPsf] lg ÛÆ tkfO{F cfkFm} ;DkGg JolSt xg' 'x'G5 . olt
hfaf] k;} fsf] lglDt lsg bM' v uge{' Psf] xf]nf < ;Dkfbsn] JoSt u/] cfˆgf] c;Gt'li6 . æcfˆgf
aa' fafhs] f] ;DklQeGbf d/] f] cfkm\ g} dx] gtsf] sdfO yf/] } eP klg cgdf]n / lko| 5 .Æ nv] ssf]
kl| tpQ/ ;g' ]/ ;Dkfbs gfhafkm eP .

– eflu/yL >]i7

158 gk] fnL, sIff (

;'gfO kf7 #

;s' 'n

dnfO{ Ps lbg 6]lan / dr] sf] lrRofx6n] auF}rfdf uP/ Pp6f ;'s'n cf]5o\ fP/ a:g dg nfUof] .
sf7] feGbf auF}rfdf dgi' o ks| l[ tsf] glhs eP h:tf] x'G5 . xl/of] /ªsf] ;dLkdf p;nfO{ la;f}F
ztfAbL 5f8/] r6fOs{ f] ev/{ cfljisf/ eO/xs] f] ou' sf] bfzl{ gs ag/] hfOs{ f] af6] g/] 3fl] //x] emF} nfU5 .
dnfO{ To; jn] f ;Rrf g]kfnL eP emF} nfUof] . dr] / 6]lansf] cTofrf/ 5'6s] f] jn] fdf dn} ] ofb
kfPF ls klxn] k|fsl[ ts cj:yfdf dfgjhflt b'O{ v'6\6f em'G8fP/ ags/ h:tf] u/L a:bf] /x5] .

dnfO{ o:tf] nfUof] ls dr] df a:g] JolStdf r~rntf xG' 5, lsgls ck|fsl[ ts tj/n] cfw'lgs
cf;gLdf uf8] f lkF8fn} fnfO{ kf| sl[ ts tflnd 5}g . Clifd'lgx¿ kn]6F+ L s;]/ a:y] ;dflxt
kßf;gdf, Ps efu z/L/ klg /fk}F |df0f lxNbg} Yof] . pgLx¿ d?] b08 l;wf u/]/ vl6of /fvL
k9g\ ] of Wofg ug]{ uy]{ t/ d]rlj/fhgdfg enfbdLsf ls t v'6\6f xlNnG5g\ ls lkª vN] 5g\ .
6l] ansf] / d]rsf] lardf s'lrP| sf cªu\ x¿ l7ª\u'/fdf xfn] h:tf] x'G5g\ . cefuL cfwl' gstfsf]
s}bLnfO{ slxn] otf lxNg dg nfU5 slxn] ptf . kms{Fbf klg v¥ofsv?' s cfjfh gu/L kms{g
;Sbg} / o;sf] d'Vo cju'0f To; jn] f yfxf xG' 5, ha efiff kl/ifb\df dUg eP/ ldxLg ljrf/x¿
pAhfO/x]sf] n]vgbf;sf duhdf luvf{ vv/{ fp5F g\ .

kml] / 6l] ann] of 8]:sn] dfG5]sf] lz/ 3f]K6\ofpF5 / 5ftLsf] e/n] nV] g nufpF5 t/ vl6of slt
kf| s[lts 5 p;n] a'‰b5 h;n] ko| fu] u¥of] . cfhsfnsf l76fx¿;Fu vfln 3G6fF};Dd ax; ug{'
pgLx¿ a'‰bg} g\ . 6]lan dr] sf] eStn] eG5, æxfdL klg t s] ck|fsl[ ts 5f} < slt ;lhnf];uF
pRr cf;gdf a;/] , /aflkmnf] tj/n] nv] k9 u5f}F{, dfgf}F l;+xf;g 5 . ;'s'n n]vssf duhaf6
s] km'tL{ / /jfkm lgSng ;Snf <Æ

– nIdLk;| fb b]jsf]6f

;'gfO kf7 $

ljBf wg+ ;j{wg+ k|wfgd\
lzIfs cleefjs ;ª\3
dfg;/f]j/ dfWolds ljBfno xD' nf
pTsi[ 6 k|wfgfWofks ;Ddfg

tkfO{F >L dLgf clwsf/Ln] o; dfg;/f]j/ ljBfnosf] ef}lts ;d'Gglt, ljBfyL{ lzIfs cleefjs
cGt/ljm| of, lzIfssf] jl[ Qljsf; / ljBfyL{dq} L jftfj/0f l;h{gf uge{' Psf] 5 . tkfOF{af6 x/s]
ljBfyL{df k7g ;+:sl[ tsf] ljsf;sf lglDt afnk':tsfno, afnSna u7g h:tf afnf]kof]uL
;:+ yfdfkmt{ ljBfnodf :j:y kf| l1s jftfj/0f l;h{gf x'g ku' s] f] 5 . o; ljBfnosf] lzIf0f

g]kfnL, sIff ( 159

l;sfOdf ;d]t cfdn" kl/jtg{ Nofpg'ePsfn] oxfFnfO{ lzIfs cleefjs ;ª3\ x'Dnf pTsi[ 6
kw| fgfWofks ;Ddfgaf6 ;Ddfg ug{ kfpFbf uf}/j afw] u5{ . wgs'6fdf hGd/] g]kfnsf] sgfn{ L
kb| z] sf] x'Dnf lhNnfsf] ;b/d'sfd l;ldsf6] df cfP/ oxfFn] b]vfPsf] kf| l1s / k|zf;lgs
sfz} n d'n'ssf cfddlxnfsf nflu ;dt] cg's/0fLo /x]sf] 5 . of] ;ª\3 oxfFsf] pQ/fQ] / k|ult
/ :j0fLd{ eljiosf] sfdgf;dt] ub{5 .

====================== ======================= ===========================

kd| v' k|dv' lhNnf clwsf/L cWoIf cleefjs ;ldlt

l;ldsf]6 ufpkF flnsf, xD' nf x'Dnf l;ldsf]6 ufpFkflnsf, ;ldlt

cltly kd| 'v cltly cfof]hs

ldlt M @)&* c;f/ !% ut]

;g' fO kf7 %

kfg vf“bf hf]s/ ePsf] If0f

cfheGbf k}tfln; jif{ cl3sf] s/' f xf] . ufpaF f6 lbNnL cfPsf] ;ftf lbg klg ePsf] lyPg .
lbNnLdf sfd ug]{ dfjnL l5ds] L ldq cfP / pgn] dnfO{ 3D' g hfcfF} eg] . ev{/ ufpFaf6
cfPsf] s6] f] g kl/of], lg:Sof] ls x/fpg] ;Defjgf Û To:tf] cj:yfsf] dnfO{ 3D' g hfpmF eGbf
nfus] f] v;' L JoSt ug]{ zAb d clxn] klg e6] \6fO/xs] f] 5g} . c,F pgn] dnfO{ clna/] lxF8fP Û
b'O{ rf/cf6] f uNnL 8n' fP . htf x]¥of] pt} dfG5] g} dfG5], ls/} ;/L Û sfx] L sfx] L dfG5] dlt/
cgf7} f] gh/n] x]y{] / xf:F y] . kl5 yfxf ef], ltgn] dnfO{ xfO] g, d/] f] 6'KkLnfO{ x]//] xfF;s] f /x5] g\ .
d efOnfO{ gofF lrh v'jfpF5' eg]/ l5d]sL ldqn] dnfO{ eg] . s] s] g v'jfpg] eP eg]/ dSv
k/F] . ltgn] dnfO{ kfg k;n cufl8 nu] / k;nn] fO{ b'O6f kfg agfpg nufP . k;n]n] yf]/}
yf/] } s] s] hflt vœof{ªvq' ª' \ Pp6f ;fgf] kftdf kfs] f] kf//] bfOnfO{ lbof] . pgn] klxn] vfPgg,\
Tof] kf]sf] n vfpm eGb} dnfO{ lbP . pgn] k;nn] ] agfpFb} u/s] f] csf]{ kfs] f] kv]{ . dn} ] ufpdF f
kh" fcfhf cflbdf kftdf kf]sf] kf//] lbg] k|;fb h:t} dfg]F Û dgdg} æslt yf/] } lbPsf] xfn] fÆ
eGg] dnfO{ nfUof t lyof] Û dn} ] xQ g kQ kftsf] kfs] f] km'sfPF / leqsf lvlr|ªldlr|ªnfO{
bflxg] xftsf] a9' L cf}nF f / rf]/ cfn}F f lemSb} vfg yfn]F . kfg k;n] dnfO{ b]v]/ lvTsf 5f8]/
xfF:g yfNof] . bfOn] klg lvTsf 5f8/] xf:F b} eg,] æefO Û To;/L xfO] g, kft}l;tsf] kf]sf] d'vdf
/fVg'k5{ .Æ dnfO{ kft}l;tsf] kf]sf] d'vdf /fVg] s'/fn] emg} cgf}7f] nfUof] Û To;/L vfg] xf] eGg]
s/' fdf cem} kTof/ nfug] . bfOn] …oL o;/L vfg] xf]Ú eGb} kfgsf] kf]sf] d'vdf xfn]/ rkfpbF f dfq
xf] /x5] eGg] nfUof] . xftdf kfg lnP/ Psl5g kvs{] f] eP c¿n] vfPsf] x]//] vfFbf klg x'GYof],
eGg] dnfO{ nfUof] . o;/L d cfkm" c¿sf] xf;F f]sf] kfq xFb' f dnfO{ Unflg eof] / To; sfnv08sf
Tof] 36gf ;DemFbf cfkmn} fO{ xf;F f] p75\ .

160 g]kfnL, sIff (

;g' fO kf7 ^

ef]lnjfb

dfG5s] f] dgfj] l[ Q ;;fgf s'/fdf klg ef]lnjfbL geO{ 5f]8b\ f] /xg] 5 . Odfghdfg g5f]l8sg
elglbpmF eg] efl] n efl] n eg/] dflg;n] c¿nfO{ dfq xf]Og, cfkm" nfO{ ;dt] lglijm| otflt/
3r]l6/x]sf] x'G5 . k9g\ ' lyof] efl] n k9nF' f, hfg' lyof] efl] n hfpnF f, ug{' lyof] efl] n u?nF f
eGbfeGb} slxns] fxLF /flt lb;f nfUof] eg] klg lg:sgfsf ufx|fn] ef]ln u?Fnf egL ;l' tlbG5g\
sofF} l76fl76Lx¿ .

efl] nsf] ckjfb s] 5 eg] vfgnfO{ rflxF dfG5] ;s;] Dd efl] nsf] efsf /fVb}g . efl] n bM' v knf{
ls eGg] 8/ klg gdfgL …/ft /x] cu|fv knfp5F Ú eGb} ePe/sf] cfh} a'Tofpg pm tD;G5 .
pbfx/0fsf] lglDt Pp6f 5f]6f] s/' f ;g' fOxfnF" .

Ps k6s sf7df8fs}F f] 7'nf] xf]6]ndf akm] l8g/ lyof] . ToxfF slxNo} st} glx8F g\ ] Ps hgf
h/;fx]a klg vfg cfPsf /x5] g\ . pgn] vfPlkPsf] b]Vbf d 5Ss k/,F] emGg} cfwf bh{g
kfx'gfnfO{ kU' g] efu pgL Ps} hgfn] a'TofOlbP . cflv/L, v;v; yfDg g;s]/ dn} ] ;fw] ]F, xf]Og
h/;fx]anfO{ cf/fd gxfn] f lg . pgn] ;lhnl} ;t eg,] æcf/fd geP ef]ln cfi} fwL vfpnF f .Æ
pgsf] o; egfOaf6 oxL lgisif{ lg:sG5, dfG5] ;a} s/' fdf ef]lnjfbsf] cg;' /0f u/] klg vfg
eg] ef]lnnfO{ kvb{F }g . of] p;sf] 7n' f] u0' f xf] .

o;afx]s c¿ ;a} xfd|f ljm| ofsnfkx¿ efl] njfbL 5g\ . efl] njfb xfd|f] ;+:s[lt xf,] bz{g xf],
/fhgLlt xf], ;fdflhs Jojxf/ xf] . t}klg d/] f] yf]qf] duh oxL zª\sfdf ;wF} h]lnO/xG5 . x/]s
sfds'/fdf ef]ln eGbfeGb} efge' Stn] eg] e}mF kl;{ xfdL ;an} ] æad ef]n]gfysL hoÆ eGb} emfn] L
af]s]/ 8f8F 8} fF8f sb' g\ ' t gknf{ < s] a]/ < cfh u/] x'g] sfdnfO{ ef]ln kv{k] l5 ToxL lx;fan]
o;kflnsf ;f/f sfd cf3fF} kG5g s] a]/ < o; bzssf sfd csf]{ bzsnfO{ yGsg s] a/] <
clg la;fF} ztfAbLsf ;Dk"0f{ lhDd]bf/L / stJ{ ox¿ PSsfO;f}F ztfAbLsf nflu l8kf]lh6 /xg s]
a]/ < o;f] xF'bfxFb' } st} kY[ jL efl] n 3'df}Fnf eg]/ cf/fd gul/bc] f];,\ xfjfn] efl] n 8'nfF}nf eg]/
lj>fd gul/bc] f;] ,\ ho efl] n Û

– e/} j cof{n

gk] fnL, sIff ( 161

;g' fO kf7 &

Gofo

k/fkj" {sfndf Pp6f ufpdF f b'O{ hgf bfh'efO lyP . ltgLx¿ Nxf;f uO{ b'O{ jif{ bM' v u/]/ sdfPsf]
k};fn] ;g' lsgL ufpFlt/ kms]{ . oLdWo] bfh' 56\6' / efO ;w' f] lyof] . efOnfO{ 7Ug] lgotn]
bfh'n] k|:tfj /fVof], æxfdL ufpF ku' ]kl5 xfdLn] ;g' NofPsf] s/' f yfxf eof] eg] rf/] sf] 8/
x'G5 . Pp6fsf] 3/df ;'g /fVof}F eg] x/fPdf p;n] csf{] efOnfO{ ;g' ltgk' g{] x'G5 . ;a} ;'g
oxLF hª\undf vfN8f] vg]/ uf8f}F . ;'g uf8/] /fv]sf] s/' f ltdL / dafxs] s;}nfO{ klg yfxf
lbg' xF'bg} . km';l{ bnf] ;dodf ltdL / d cfP/ ;'g lems/] n}hfcf}Fnf / af8fn}F f .Æ efOnfO{ klg
of] s/' f l7s} nfUof] / bfh'sf] k|:tfj :jLsf/ u¥of] clg bj' } efO ldn/] hªu\ ndf vfN8f] vg] /
;g' uf8] . bj' } cfcfˆgf 3/df uP . a]n'sf vfgf vfPkl5 bfh' rflxF ;g' uf8s] f] 7fpFdf uof] .
vfN8f] vf;] ]/| ;g' lemSof] clg lnP/ 3/df uof] . w/] } lbgkl5 efOn] eGof], æbfO, ca t ;g'
Nofpg'k5{ ls ÛÆ bfh' rflxFn] s]xL cfgfsfgL u¥of] t/ efOn] ljz]if hf]8 lbPsfn] 6fg{ ;sg] .
b'j} efO ;'g uf8]sf] 7fpdF f k'u] . vfN8f] l/Q} lyof] . of] b]vk] l5 bfh' lhNn k/] em}F u¥of] . efO
cfZro{df k¥of] / ;fx}| bM' vL eof] . bfhn' ] eGof,] æltdL cfP/ t nug] f} ;g' <Æ Psl5g b'j}
sf] egfeg eof] . bfh'n] ltdL / d bj' } hgf gcfPsf] eP of] ;'g rf/] n] nu]sf] xg' k' 5{ eGg]
ts{ u¥of] t/ efOnfO{ of] s'/fn] lrQ a'emg] . rf/] nfO{ ;g' /fvs] f] s;/L yfxf eof] < bfh'n]
cgs] tl/sfn] s'/f ldnfpg vf]Hof] t/ efOn] dfg]g . To;kl5 efO Gofodl" ts{ xfF uof] / ph'/L
u¥of] . pgn] b'jn} fO{ lemsfP / aofg lnP t/ d'2fsf] 6'ª\uf] nfug] . Gofodl" t{n] h'lSt lgsfn],
b'jn} fO{ Ps Pscf6] f afs;df /fVg] / el/ofaf6 tYo klxNofpg] . afs; af]s]/ lx8F \g'eGbf cufl8
pgn] b'j} hgf el/ofnfO{ af]nfP/ cfkm" sx] L gaf]Ng" logLx¿n] af6fdf s]xL eG5g\ ls ;'g]/
a:g' clg dnfO{ eGg' egL cxf| P . To;kl5 emul8of bfh'efOnfO{ Ps Pscf6] f afs;df ;f;
km]g{ ldNg] u/L aGb u/] . Pp6f el/ofnfO{ afs; afs] fP/ kj" l{ t/ / csfn{] fO{ klZrdlt/ k7fP .
lbpF;f]sf] 6G6nfk'/ 3fd To;df klg afs;df ul' D;P/ a:g' kbf{ vlk;Sg' ePg / efO rflxF PSn}
a/a/fpg yfNof,] ædf]/fn] ;g' t vfPYof] vfPYof] c;To afn] /] d}n];Dd ;f:tL kfPF . Gofok]|dL
5g\ eGy] t/ dnfO{ klg b'Mv lbP .Æ bfh' rflxF afs;leq ps;' ds' ' xF'b} afN] b} lyof,] æ;'g t
n'sfOl5kfO xft kf/]y]F . of] s/' f Gofod"lt{n] klg s;/L yfxf kfpnfg\ < afs;leq yl' gP/ a:bf
clt ;s; eof] .Æ el/ofx¿n] Gofod"ltn{ ] egs] f] 7fp;F Dd afs; k¥' ofP / h:tfsf] To:t} lkmtf{
lnP/ cfP . el/ofx¿n] Gofod"lt{;dIf ;a} s'/f atfP . Gofodl" tn{ ] ;To emS' b}g c;To l6Sbg}
eGb} bfh' rflxnF fO{ bfi] fL b]vfP/ ;hfo lbP . efO ;'g kfP/ xlift{ xbF' } 3/tkm{ nfUof] .

– df]tLnfn k/fhn' L

 

162 g]kfnL, sIff (

;'gfO kf7 *

of] gk] fnL l76f]
dfuL ld7f] vfbF g}
rf/] L /fd|f] nfpFbg}
;w}F cfˆgf] kfv'/Ldf vfG5, l;6f] lk7f]
of] g]kfnL l76f] .

v's/' Lsf] e/df ljZj ysfp{ g] of] l76f]
jL/ egL g]kfnLnfO{ lrgfpg] of] l76f]
kl;gfn] lehfpF5 x} cfˆg} b]zsf] df6f]
cfˆg} kf}/vn] vG5 cfkm" lxF8g\ ] af6f]
of] g]kfnL l76f] .

cGofodf em'Sb}g k/L cfpbF f n'Sb}g
nIodf k'UgnfO{ lx8F \5 l56f] l56f]
of] g]kfnL l76f] .

ljZjl;t ldt/] Lsf] xft ldnfpg] l76f]
hfltkftL /ªu\ e]b dfGb}g of] l76f]
zf]if0f/lxt ;dfhsf] lgdf0{ f ug{] l76f]
8/ gdfgL ws gdfgL lx8F 5\ l56f] l56f] .
– u0fz] /l;s

;g' fO kf7 (

OHht
OHht dfu]/ xfO] g, :jtM:km"t{ ¿kn] c¿af6 k|fKt xg' ] lrh xf] . cfkm"n] OHht kfpgsf nflu
c¿nfO{ OHht lbg'k5{ . c¿n] tkfOFn{ fO{ kz| ;+ f u/]sf] dg k5{ eg] c¿sf /fdf| sfdnfO{ kz| +;f
ug]{ afgL cfhb} l] v a;fNg'xf;] \ . tkfOnF{ ] s;n} fO{ tfl/km u/]sf] s/' f ;g' ]kl5 p;n] klg tkfOFn{ fO{

g]kfnL, sIff ( 163

tfl/km ug{ ;'? ul/xfN5 . ufnLn] ufnL kmsfp{ 5F , tfl/kmn] tfl/km lgDTofp5F . Oiof{ / hngn]
dflg;nfO{ ;a}eGbf b'MvL agfp5F . s;}n] /fd|f] sfd u/]/ jfx jfx sdfp5F jf b'Mv u//] b'Or{ f/
k};f sdfp5F eg] p;sf] Oiof{ ug]{ xf]Og . emg\ p;af6 k|/] 0ff lnP/ cfkmn" ] klg sx] L ug]{ hfuF /
ljsf; ug{' g} Pp6f pBdzLn dfG5s] f] stJ{ o xf] . sfd ug{n] fO{ ug{ lbOPg eg] cGttf]uTjf
;dfhn] g} b'Mv kfp5F . /fd|fn] fO{ /fd|f] eGg,' sfd u/s] fnfO{ :ofaf; lbg' xfdL ;as} f] stJ{ o xf] .

cfkmn" ] h] b]Vof] ToxL l7s, cfkm"n] h] ;fR] of] ToxL hfoh, cfˆgf] r:dfn] h] x]¥of] ToxL ;To eGg]
PstkmL{ dfgl;stf ;Eo ;dfhsf] ;ae} Gbf 7'nf cju'0f x'g\ . s'g} lrhsf] cjwf/0ff agfpbF f
cfˆgf cfFvfaf6 dfq xf]Og c¿sf] cfvF faf6 klg x]g{ ;Sgk' 5{ . of] dflg; dfqsf] ;ae} Gbf 7n' f]
st{Jo xf] . To;}n] s;}nfO{ xfdLn] cfnfr] gf ubf{ Psrf]l6 csf]{ b[li6sf0] faf6 klg x]/fF} . olb csf{]
bl[ i6sf]0faf6 klg Tof] unt xf] eg] To;nfO{ w'Tsfg{ ;lsG5 . cGoyf s;n} fO{ To;} cfnf]rgf
ug]{ xfd|f] stJ{ o xfO] g . ;fRr} eGg] xf] eg] xtf/ ;a}nfO{ x'G5 . o;sf] plrt ;dfwfg Pp6}
dfq xf] ;a}n] cfˆgf] kfnf] kvg{ k' 5{ . wfs / /jfkm hdfP/ nfOg ldRg] sfd :jfyL{ / c;Eo
dflg;n] dfq u5{ . cfkmn" ] cfˆgf] OHht hfu] fP/ c¿sf] OHhtnfO{ ;DDffg ub{} cufl8 a9\g'
c;n dfG5s] f] stJ{ o xf] .

– s0f{ zfSo

 

;g' fO kf7 !)

efif0f snf

JolStn] cf}krfl/s ;Gbed{ f cfˆgf ljrf/, efjgf tyf b[li6sf0] fx¿ j|mda4 ¿kdf lgeL{stfsf
;fy /fVg' efif0f xf] . o;df >ft] fsf] Wofg sl] Gbt| u/L cfˆgf egfO cfsifs{ , k|efjzfnL Pjd\
snfTds z}nLdf JoSt ug{] s'/fdf Wofg lbgk' 5{ . cfˆgf ;Gbz] :ki6, /fr] s Pjd\ dgf]/~hgk0" f{
tl/sfn] >ft] f;dIf k'¥ofpg] snf ePsfn] o;nfO{ efif0f snf elgPsf] xf] . dflg;sf] dgd6' n' fO{
t/ªl\ ut kfg{ ;Sg] / >ft] fsf efjgfx¿sf] k|ltlglwTj x'g;Sg] vfnsf] efif0f a9L ke| fjsf/L
xG' 5 . sIffsf7] fdf ul/g] 5nkmn tyf ;j+ fbaf6 afN] g] afgLsf] ljsf; u/fpbF } jfbljjfb, jSt[tf
h:Tff sfo{j|mdx¿df ;xefuL u/fP/ ljBfyLd{ f o:tf] snfsf] ljsf; u/fpg ;lsG5 . efif0f
;ef;df/f]x tyf cf}krfl/s sfoj{ |mdx¿df k|:t't ul/g] ePsfn] o;sf] efiff cfk} rfl/s / lzi6
x'gk' 5{ . JolStn] cfˆgf] kl| tef k:| k'm6g ug{] / cfˆgf] JolStTjsf] kl/ro lbg] cfwf/ klg efif0f
snf g} xf] . ljleGg ;ef;df/f]x, jfs\k|ltofl] utf, ;+jfb, cGt/ljm| of, bl} gs hghLjg ;~rfng
h:tf ljljw Ifq] df o:tf] snfsf] dxŒj /xG5 . clxn]sf] o'u k|lt:kwf{sf] o'u xf] . lj1fg /
kl| jlwsf] ljsf; / lj:tf/sf sf/0f xfdf| ] hLjgdf rg' f}tLx¿sf ;fy} cgs] fF} cj;/;dt] l;hg{ f
eO/x]sf 5g\ . o:tf] cj:yfdf cfˆgf] jfs\snf ljsf; ug{ ;lsof] eg] cg]sf}F cj;/x¿ cfpg
;S5g\ . ljBfyL{sf] JolStŒj ljsf;df efif0fsnfsf] dxŒjk0" f{ :yfg /xG5 . o:tf] snfsf]
ljsf;sf nflu 3/kl/jf/, ljBfnosf ;fy} JolSt :jod\ ;r]t x'g' h?/L x'G5 .

164 g]kfnL, sIff (

;'gfO kf7 !!

ufp“n] vf]h]sf] d':sfg

clxn] ufpFnfO{ af8n' L nflu/xs] f] xfn] f . gnfuf;] \ klg lsg < ;Gtfgx¿ ;x/ k'u]/ k9Lnv] L,
1fg, l;k / ;Eotf l;s/] ufpF kms]{nfg\ / cfkm"nfO{ l;uF fnfg{ \ / lrl/Rof66\ kfnf{g\ ls eGg]
cfz ug{' klg t :jfefljs} lyof] . ufpnF ] l;Sg egL ;x/ k7fof] t/ pm ufpF cfPg pt} x/fof] .
;Gtfgn] ufpF g5f]8s] f] j]nf ufpFsf v]tkfvf x/fe/f lyP . af/L / vt] nfO{ afeF mf] / lgM;Gtfg
x'g' kbf{sf] kL8f lyPg . clxn] ufpF k'/} ckflxh ags] f] 5 . ufpsF f v]t / af/Ldf afnL gnfP/
tL afFemf 5g\ cem egf}F lgM;Gtfg 5g\ . p;nfO{ ufpFsf] ;ofF} /f]kgL cfkm\gf] v]t / af/L;Fu l/;
p75\ / ;x/sf] tLg cfgf jf kfFr w'/;Fu ldt]/L ufF:5 . cfkmn}F ] cf6f]lk7f] v'jfP/ k7fPsf ;Gtfg
ha ;x/af6 lrl6Ss k//] cfp5F / ufpFsf] uGw dg kb}g{ ta cfˆgf ;Gtfgsf] rtL{snf b]v/]
ufpF ljl:dt\ x'G5 . lxhf] kmf6s] f] rKkn nufP/ ;x/ k;s] f] ;Gtfg ;x/sf] s[lqd n]k lhpel/
bn]/ ufpFsf cufl8 cfO{ zfg b]vfpF5, dfgf}F pm ufpFnfO{ ;Gb]z lbg vfH] b} 5 .

cfh sf]/fg] f dxfdf/Lsf sf/0f ufpF lgs} ablnbF f] 5 . cfh ;x/sf] ;fveGbf ufpFsf] sfvn]
df]xgL nfpg yfn] h:tf] 5 . ;x/df ;ª\s6 kbf{ ux' f/ dfUb} ufpF hfg]x¿sf sf/0f ufpF klg
u'Nhf/ cyft{ \ ;G' b/ x'Fb} 5 . lxhf] x/s] b;F,} 57 jf Obdf dfq cfˆgf ;Gtfgsf] dv' b]Vg kfpbF f
ufpF dSv kYof]{ . clxn] ;GtfgnfO{ ;ª\s6 k/s] f jn] f kL8fsf 3fpdf dnxd nufpgF kfpFbf
ufpF bª\u 5 . ufpsF f] cf]7df x/fPsf] d':sfg kmlsg{ yfn] h:tf] 5 . lsgls ufpF xfF:bf k/' } b]z
xfF:5 t/ ufpF /fo] f] eg] k'/} bz] ?G5 .

 

;'gfO kf7 !@

Ps d'7L df6f] / Ps 6j' m| f] kmnfd

pm wgL ls;fgsf] 5f/] f] eP klg c+zdf kfPsf] ;DklQ ;a} :jfxf agfP/ csf{sf] bofdf afFRgk' g]{
l:yltdf k'Uof] t/ p;n] cem} klg cfˆgf] s'g} bf]if bV] g ;sg] . cfˆgf] efUonfO{ g} bfi] f lbO/x\of] .
p;nfO{ w/] n} ] pBd ug{,] hflu/ vfg,] Jofkf/ ug{] ;Nnfx lbPsf eP klg lrGtg / ;DklQ b'j}
gePsfn] 3/sf] lk9F Ldf l9sL n8] emF} n8]/ sd/{ lxt lbg latfpYF of] pm .

To:t}df Ps lbg, p;sf] cfFugdf ;fFemkv Ps hgf t]h:jL dflg; cfP/ pleP . pgsf] sflGt
crDdsf] lyof] . tL k'?ifnfO{ ;fIfft\ eujfg\ ;lDemof] . p;n] wg / cfzLjfb{ dfUof] . p;sf]
Tof] xLgtfefj a'em/] cfuGt's k'?ifn] cfFugaf6 Ps d'7L df6f] / Pp6f ldlNsPsf] kmnfdsf]
6j' |mf] p7fP/ p;nfO{ lbFb} …d]/f] cfzLjf{b / k|;fb bj' } oxL xf], o;sf] plrt pkofu] u/, ltdf| ]
efUosf] ;o" { emF} rlDsg] 5Ú egL xftdf lbP .

cfkmn" ] ;fIfft\ eujfg\ ;lDemPsf] JolStn] lbPsf] pkxf/af6 pm crlDdt eof] . tL k?' ifn]

gk] fnL, sIff ( 165

cfkmp" k/ 76\6f u/s] f] h:tf] nfUof] p;nfO{ t/ pkI] ff ug{ klg ;sg] . p;n] w/] } /ft ;f]r /
clgbf| sf] 56\k6Ldf latfof] . Ps /ft cfvF f nf]nfpgf;fy p;n] ;kgf bV] of] . pg} cl:tsf
th] :jL k?' if kmnfd] kmfnL hl8Psf] 6o« fS6/n] p;}sf] 3/cufl8 hldg hfl] t/x]sf lyP . ta dfq
p;sf] dl:tisdf df6f] / kmnfdsf] 6j' m| fsf] cy{ k:of] / ;kgfnfO{ ljkgfdf pkofu] u/L sdz{ Ln
aGof] . p;sf] x/fPsf] efUo / u'd]sf] ;DklQnfO{ sd{zLntfn] k'gM rDsfOlbof] .

– /dz] ljsn

;'gfO kf7 !#

stJ{ o

al/oft vfn] fkfl/ k'lu;s]sf] lyof] . d/' nLw/ klg kl5 kl5 uP . emdSs ;feF m k/]kl5 b'nxLsf
3/df ku' ]/ ;'6'Ss kmnF}rfdf a;] . d'/nLw/ k'Ubf b'nxLsf a'af j/0fL ug{ nfus] f /x5] g\ .
dflg;sf] 3'OrF fdf pgnfO{ s;n} ] lrgg] g\ . j/0fL l;l4Pkl5 s]xL a]/kl5 o1d08ksf] sfo{
cf/De ef] . k'/fl] xt jb] Ldf /v] L xfNg yfn] . leqaf6 o1;fduL| x¿ cfpg nfu] . o1 ;DkGg
ePkl5 b'nfxfb'nxLnfO{ a:g k'Ug] u/L cf;g cf5] \ofP/ b'nfxfnfO{ afofFtkm{ a;fP . bn' xL
a;k] l5 nfh dfg] h:tf] u//] zzLw/cln k/ ;¥of] . zzLw/n] nfh dfgs] f] bv] ]/ d/' nLw/
kmnr}F fdf d;' 'd;' ' xfF:g nfu] .

b'nfxfb'nxL o1df a;k] l5 b'nxLsf a'afn] otfplt x]/]/ eg] æv}, ;DwL kfNg'ePsf] 5g} , ca
d08kdf cfP/ al;lbge' PxG' Yof] .Æ b'nxLsf lktfn] af]nfPsf] ;'g/] kmn}rF faf6 d'/nLw/n] eg,]
æHo," d oxLF 5', cfpg nfuF] .Æ

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plePsf] b]v/] zzLw/n] klg 9f]lulbof] . d'/nLw/n] 5f]/fnfO{ ægfgL lr/~hLjL ePÆ eg/] cflzif
lbP / p;sf] k5fl8k6\l6 a;L p;nfO{ sfvg/] tfg] . aa' fsf] :yfgdf d/' nLw/ a:g uPsf] bv] /]
al/oftdf cfPsf l76fx¿ k/:k/ sfgv] ;' L ug{ nfu] .

d/' nLw/ lhNnfel/sf ljVoft kl08t lyP . pgnfO{ sGofkIfsf w/] } dflg;x¿ lrGby] . >Lw/
/ d/' nLw/n] lhpgLsf ljifodf jif{ lbg;Dd d'2f n8]sf] klg w/] } hgfnfO{ yfxf lyof] . sGof
kIfsf a9' fkfsfx¿n] eg], æTo:tf dxfk'?ifsf ;Gtfgx¿ cfˆgf] stJ{ o lsg 5f8] b\ y] . ta kf]
dflg;x¿ sn' 3/fg eGb5g\ .Æ

ljjfxljlw cf/De ef] . k'/f]lxtn] CrfdGqx¿ pRrf/0f ubf{ cz4' ePsf 7fpdF f d/' nLw/
;RofOlbGy] . zzLw/ rflxF h7] f a'afsf 5ftLdf c8;] nfu]/ cfgGb;uF a;s] f] lyof] . d'/nLw/
avtavtdf ug{k' g]{ sdx{ ¿ 5f]/fnfO{ l;sfOlbGy] . Pjd\ ks| f/n] ljjfxljlw ;dfKt eof] .

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;d"xdf of] uLt ufOG5 . of] uLt ufpg]n] k|f/Dedf pkl:yt dfGohg / bftF} /Lx¿sf cufl8
ljgd|tfk"js{ s]xL ghfGg] eP klg uLt ufpg] /x/ ePsfn] pkl:yt ePsf] s/' f hgfpF5 . pm
hLjgsf cg'ejx¿ cfˆg} dft[efiffdf jf gk] fnLdf ;lhnf] 9ªu\ n] eGb} hfG5 . cleJolStsf]
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;lsPkl5 PSn} jf ;dx" df ljeflht eP/ ufPkl5 uLtd} labf dfu/] ufpg] JolSt cfˆgf] af6f]
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pgn] hlt xf xf u/] klg sfun] 6]/kR' 5/ nfPg . ToxfF glhs} euF /] f lyof] . eFu/] fn] lr/la/
lr/la/ ub{} sfunfO{ eGof], ærf/] /] klg vfg' xG' 5 < P sfu bfO tkfOFs{ f] sfd t kmf]x/ ;kmf
ug]{ xf] lg . tkfOF{nfO{ sfu sfu eg/] af]nfPsf] jn] f cfpg] ugf];{ \ g clg a9' Lcfdn} ] kftdf
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/fv]/ sfu sfu eg]/ af]nfpFy] / eft lbGy] . clxn] vf]O t lbbF g} g\ . xfdL dfG5s] f] af/L,
au}rF f, cfFugsf kmf]x/ l6k/] ;kmf u5f{} . ;k{ cfof] eg], afFb/ cfof] eg] xfdL s/fP/ dfG5]nfO{
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cfFk sfFrf] 5 ls kfs]sf] eg/] x]g{ 7'ª]sf] . vfPsf] t 5g} lg .

euF ]/fnfO{ sfusf] s'/f l7s nfUof] . p;n] klg sfu;uF ug' f;f] ub}{ eGof], æklxnf klxnf cfuF gdf
wfg ;s' fpFy,] tf]/L r'6y\ ] / xfdL vfg kfpYF ofF} . clxn] To:tf] u/s] f] bl] vFbg} , xfdLnfO{ t kl/jf/
kfNg} ufx|f] ef] . 3/ agfpbF f xfdL a:g] Kjfn klg agfpyF ], /fVy,] xfdL dfG5s] f] glhssf ;fyL
lyofF} t/ clxn] s;}n] ljrf/} ubg{} g\ .Æ sfun] yKof], æToxL t eGof . xfdL klg cUnf] ?vdfly
l;Gsf 5]:sf h] h] el] 6G5, efFr]/ nuL ;'s]sf] ;fgf xfFuflauF f lemhF f 6'jm| f6fjm| L ?vd} a;/] u'F8
agfpYF of}F . clxn] ?v Tolt 5g} . 7'nf] ?v t 5bF } 5}g . 7n' f] ?v b'ne{ eof] clg sxfF 3/
agfpg' < ;fgf] ?vdf u'8F agfpFbf abdf;x¿n] lxsfO{ xfN5g\ . sfx] L sfx] L v/fa dfG5] klg
afFb/ ePsf 5g\ .Æ

euF ]/fn] eGof,] æToxL t eGof . xfdL t ;x/df a:g} 5fl] 8;SofF} . ltdL klg ca a:g ;Sb}gf} .
vfgf glbPkl5 rf/] ]/ vfg' k¥of] . rf/] ]sf] b]v] 9ª' \ufn] xfG5g,\ 3fprf6] nfU5 . clg s] ug{] <Æ
sfu, ToxL t eGof . 3fp rf]6k6s nfu] c:ktfndf OGhS] ;gn] 3f]Rbf b'V5 . 3fp eP/ cf}ifwL
ug{e' Gbf 3fp g} gxg' ] ugk'{ 5{ . lsg OGh]S;g lbg] <Æ

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