Encyclopedia of Plants and flowers

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white petal tips, in summer–fall, sometimes flattened, triangular spurs, from spring to of nuts are set in fringed husks. Z5–7 H7–5. with basal bracts. Grow in a humid
in other seasons. Z9–10 H10–9. early summer. Dies down in summer. C. maxima (Giant filbert). Vigorous, atmosphere, out of direct sunlight, in rich
C. speciosa. See C. reflexa. Z5–8 H8–5. deciduous, bushy, open shrub or tree. soil. Propagate by division in spring.
C. halleri. See C. solida. H 20ft (6m), S 15ft (5m). Bears oval, toothed, Container-grown plants may be attacked
CORTADERIA C. lutea, syn. Pseudofumaria lutea, illus. mid-green leaves, long, yellow catkins in by red spider mite.
p.344. late winter and edible, egg-shaped, brown C. speciosus (Malay ginger), illus. p.477.
GRAMINEAE/POACEAE C. nobilis. Perennial with long, fleshy, nuts. Z4–9 H9–1. ‘Purpurea’ illus. p.115. Clump-forming, rhizomatous perennial.
fibrous roots. H and S 8–14in (20–35cm). H 6ft (2m) or more, S 3ft (1m). Has narrowly
See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES Bears much-divided leaves on lower part of CORYNOCARPUS oval, downy leaves, to 10in (25cm) long.
and SEDGES. flower stems, each of which bears a dense Reddish bracts are spine-tipped, each
C. richardii, illus. p.284. spike of long-spurred, pale yellow flowers, CORYNOCARPACEAE surrounding a white or pink-flushed flower,
C. selloana (Pampas grass). Evergreen, with lips tipped green or brown, in early to 4in (10cm) wide, with a broad, yellow-
clump-forming, stately, perennial grass. summer. Z5–8 H8–5. Genus of evergreen trees, grown for their centered lip; flowers are produced
H to 8ft (2.5m), S 4ft (1.2m). Has narrow, C. ochroleuca of gardens, syn. foliage and overall appearance. Needs full intermittently throughout the year. H11–9.
very sharp-edged, outward-curving leaves, Pseudofumaria alba, Pseudofumaria light or partial shade and fertile, moist but
5ft (1.5m) long. In late summer, erect, ochroleuca, illus. p.337. well-drained soil. Water container COTINUS C
plumelike, silvery panicles, up to 2ft (60cm) C. popovii, illus. p.349. specimens moderately, less when
long, are borne above mid-green leaves. C. solida, syn. C. halleri. Tuft-forming, temperatures are low. Pruning is tolerated ANACARDIACEAE
Male and female flowers are produced on tuberous perennial. H 4–8in (10–20cm), if necessary. Propagate by seed when ripe
separate plants; females, with long, silky S 3–5in (8–12cm). Leaves alternate on or by semiripe cuttings in summer. Genus of deciduous shrubs and trees,
hairs, are more decorative. Z7–11 H11–7. flower stems, each of which bears a dense C. laevigatus, illus. p.451. grown for their foliage, flower heads and
‘Aureolineata’, syn. C. selloana ‘Gold spike of dull purplish-red flowers in spring. fall color. Individual flowers are
Band’, H to 7ft (2.2m), is compact, and has Dies down in summer. Z5–7 H7–3. ‘George CORYPHANTHA inconspicuous. Requires a position in full
leaves with rich yellow margins aging to Baker’, syn. C. solida ‘G.P. Baker’, illus. sun or partial shade, with fertile but not
dark golden-yellow. ‘Gold Band’. See C. p.353. ‘G.P. Baker’. See C. solida ‘George CACTACEAE over-rich soil. Purple-leaved forms need
selloana ‘Aureolineata’. ‘Silver Comet’ Baker’. full sun to bring out their best colors.
illus. p.285. ‘Sunningdale Silver’, illus. C. wilsonii, illus. p.335. Genus of perennial cacti with roughly Propagate species by softwood or
p.284. spherical, spiny, green stems. Stems have greenwood cuttings in summer or by seed
CORYLOPSIS elongated areoles in grooves running along in fall, cultivars by cuttings only in summer.
CORTUSA upper sides of tubercles; many species show C. americanus. See C. obovatus.
Winterhazel this groove only on very old plants. Funnel- C. coggygria, syn. Rhus cotinus (Smoke
PRIMULACEAE shaped flowers are produced in summer, bush). Deciduous, bushy shrub. H and
HAMAMELIDACEAE followed by cylindrical, green seed pods. S 15ft (5m). Leaves are rounded or oval and
Genus of clump-forming, spring- and Needs full sun and very well-drained soil. light green, becoming yellow or red in fall.
summer-flowering perennials, related to Genus of deciduous shrubs and trees, Propagate by seed in spring or summer. From late summer, as insignificant fruits
Primula, with one-sided racemes of bell- grown for their fragrant, yellow flowers, C. cornifera, syn. C. radians, illus. p.480. develop, masses of tiny flower stalks form
shaped flowers. Is not suitable for hot, dry which are produced before hazel-like C. radians. See C. cornifera. plumelike, pale fawn, later gray clusters.
climates as needs shade and rich, moist leaves emerge. Late frosts may damage C. vivipara. See Escobaria vivipara. Z5–9 H9–3. ‘Flame’. See C. ‘Flame’.
soil. Propagate by seed when fresh or by flowers. Prefers partial shade and fertile, GOLDEN SPIRIT (‘Ancot’) illus. p.116.
division in fall. moist but well-drained, acidic soil. COSMOS ‘Notcutt’s Variety’ illus. p.115. ‘Royal
C. matthioli, illus. p.341. Propagate by softwood cuttings in summer Purple’ has deep pink plumes and deep
or by seed in fall. COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE purplish-red leaves.
CORYDALIS C. glabrescens, illus. p.111. C. ‘Flame’, syn. C. coggyria ‘Flame’, illus.
C. pauciflora, illus. p.126. Genus of summer- and early fall-flowering p.117.
PAPAVERACEAE/FUMARIACEAE C. sinensis, syn. C. willmottiae. Vigorous, annuals and tuberous perennials. Needs C. obovatus, syn. C. americanus, Rhus
deciduous, spreading, open shrub. H and sun and does best in moist but well-drained cotinoides (Creeping cotoneaster).
Genus of spring- and summer-flowering S 12ft (4m). Leaves are bright green above, soil. In mild areas, tubers of half-hardy Vigorous, deciduous, bushy shrub or tree.
annuals and tuberous or fibrous-rooted blue-green beneath. Clusters of bell- C. atrosanguineus may be overwintered in H 30ft (10m), S 25ft (8m). Has large, oval
perennials, some of which are evergreen, shaped, pale yellow flowers are produced ground if protected with a deep mulch. leaves that are bronze-pink when young,
grown for their tubular, spurred, 2-lipped from early to mid-spring. Z5–9 H9–2. Propagate half-hardy species by basal maturing to mid-green and turning orange,
flowers or for their fernlike leaves. Needs ‘Spring Purple’ (Spike winter hazel) has cuttings in spring, annuals by seed in fall red and purple in fall. Z4–8 H8–1.
full sun or partial shade and well-drained deep plum-purple, young leaves. or spring.
soil; some require rich soil and cool C. spicata. Deciduous, spreading, open C. atrosanguineus, syn. Bidens COTONEASTER 549
growing conditions. Propagate by seed in shrub. H 6ft (2m), S 10ft (3m). Bristle- atrosanguinea, illus. p.238. CHOCAMOCHA
fall or by division when dormant: fall for toothed leaves are dull, pale green above, (‘Thomocha’) illus. p.306. ROSACEAE
spring-flowering species, spring for blue-green beneath. Drooping clusters of C. bipinnatus. Upright, bushy annual.
summer-flowering species. bell-shaped, pale yellow flowers are borne H to 5ft (1.5m), S 11/2ft (45cm). Has feathery, Genus of deciduous, semievergreen or
C. ambigua of gardens. See C. in mid-spring. Z5–8 H8–5. mid-green leaves, and, throughout evergreen shrubs and trees, grown for
fumariifolia. C. willmottiae. See C. sinensis. summer, produces solitary, bowl- or their foliage, flowers and fruits. Some
C. bulbosa of gardens. See C. cava. saucer-shaped flower heads in white, pink, species make fine specimen plants; others
C. cashmeriana. Tuft-forming, fibrous- CORYLUS or crimson, with yellow centers. H12–1. may be used for hedging or groundcover.
rooted perennial. H 4–10in (10–25cm), ‘Candy Stripe’, H to 3ft (90cm), has white Deciduous species and cultivars prefer full
S 3–4in (8–10cm). Has divided, semierect, Hazel flower heads, edged and flecked with sun, but evergreens do well in either sun or
basal leaves and, in summer, dense spikes crimson. ‘Sea Shells’, H to 3ft (90cm), partial shade. All resent waterlogged soil
of 2-lipped, brilliant blue flowers. Needs CORYLACEAE/BETULACEAE produces carmine-red, pink, or white and are particularly useful for dry sites.
cool, partially shaded, rich, neutral to acidic flower heads with tubular florets. Propagate species by cuttings in summer
soil. Is good for a rock garden. Dies down Genus of deciduous trees and shrubs, Sensation Series illus. p.305. or by seed in fall, hybrids and cultivars by
in winter. Z6–8 H8–6. grown for their habit, catkins and often C. sulphureus Ladybird Series. Group cuttings only, in summer. Take semiripe
C. cava, syn. C. bulbosa. Spring- edible fruits (nuts). Prefers sun or partial of upright, bushy annuals. H 12–16in cuttings for evergreens and
flowering, tuberous perennial. H 4–8in shade and fertile, well-drained soil. Cut out (30–40cm), S 8in (20cm). Has feathery, mid- semievergreens, softwood cuttings for
(10–20cm), S 3–4in (8–10cm). Leaves suckers as they arise. Propagate species by green leaves, and in summer produces deciduous plants. Fireblight is a common
are semierect, basal and much divided. seed in fall, cultivars by grafting in late clusters of bowl-shaped, semidouble flower
Produces dense spikes of tubular, dull summer or by suckers or layering in late heads in yellow, orange, or scarlet, with problem. T  The seeds may cause mild
purple flowers. Dies down in summer. fall to early spring. Mildew may cause black centers. H12–1.
Z6–8 H8–6. defoliation; other fungi and insects may stomach upset if ingested.
C. cheilanthifolia, illus. p.335. spoil nuts. COSTUS C. adpressus. Deciduous, arching shrub.
C. diphylla, illus. p.354. C. avellana (European filbert). ‘Contorta’ H 1ft (30cm), S 6ft (2m). Rounded, wavy-
C. fumariifolia, syn. C. ambigua. illus. p.118. Ginger lily, Spiral flag edged, dark green leaves redden in fall.
Tuberous perennial. H to 6in (15cm), S to C. colurna (Turkish hazel). Deciduous, Produces small, 5-petaled, pink flowers in
4in (10cm). Stem bears much-divided conical tree. H 70ft (20m), S 22ft (7m). ZINGIBERACEAE early summer, then spherical, red fruits.
leaves and a short spike of 2-lipped, azure- Has broadly oval, strongly toothed, almost Z5–7 H7–1.
blue or purplish-blue flowers, with lobed, dark green leaves. Long, yellow Genus of mostly clump-forming, C. ‘Autumn Fire’. See C. ‘Herbstfeuer’.
catkins are borne in late winter. Clusters rhizomatous perennials, grown for their C. bullatus ‘Firebird’, syn. C. ‘Firebird’.
showy, solitary or paired, tubular flowers

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C Deciduous, bushy, open shrub. H and S 10ft serotinus. See C. serotinus. clusters of small, spherical, red fruits. Z6–8 and blunt at tips and covered with short,
(3m). Large, oval, deeply veined, dark green C. ‘Gnom’, syn. C. ‘Gnome’, C. salicifolius H8–3. ‘Gnom’. See C. ‘Gnom’. golden-brown hairs. Clusters of tubular,
550 leaves redden in fall. Small, 5-petaled, ‘Gnom’. Evergreen, prostrate shrub. H 8in C. serotinus, syn. C. glaucophyllus var. brownish-red flowers are borne in fall. Z12
white flowers in early summer are followed (20cm), S 6ft (2m). Bears narrowly lance- serotinus. Evergreen, arching, open shrub. H11–10.
by masses of spherical, bright red fruits. shaped, dark green leaves, small, 5-petaled, H and S 20ft (6m). Has oval, dark green C. undulata. See C. orbiculata var.
Z6–8 H8–6. var. macrophyllus. See white flowers, in early summer, and leaves. Small, white flowers are borne from oblonga.
C. rehderi. clusters of small, spherical, red fruits. mid- to late summer and the egg-shaped to C. wallichii. See Tylecodon wallichii.
C. cashmiriensis, syn. C. cochleatus, Makes good groundcover. Z7–8 H8–7. almost spherical, bright red fruits last until
C. microphyllus var. cochleatus of gardens C. ‘Gnome’. See C. ‘Gnom’. spring. Z7–8 H8–7. CRAMBE
(Pyrenees cotoneaster). Evergreen, C. ‘Herbstfeuer’, syn. C. ‘Autumn Fire’. C. simonsii, illus. p.143.
prostrate shrub. H to 11/2ft (45cm), S 6ft Evergreen, prostrate or arching shrub. C. ‘Skogsholmen’. See C. x suecicus BRASSICACEAE/CRUCIFERAE
(2m). Has small, oval, notched, dark green H 1ft (30cm), S 6ft (2m). Has lance-shaped, ‘Skogholm’.
leaves. Small, white flowers are produced bright green leaves. Small, 5-petaled, white C. sternianus, syn. C. franchetii var. Genus of annuals and perennials, grown
in late spring, followed by spherical, red flowers in early summer are followed by sternianus, illus. p.141. for their bold leaves and large sprays of
fruits. Z6–8 H8–6. spherical, bright red fruits. May be grown C. x suecicus ‘Skogholm’, syn. C. white flowers in summer. Leaf shoots of
C. cochleatus of gardens. See as groundcover or as a weeping standard. ‘Skogsholmen’. Evergreen, arching, wide- C. maritima are eaten as a spring vegetable.
C. cashmiriensis. Z5–8 H8–5. spreading shrub. H 2ft (60cm), S 10ft (3m). Grow in any well-drained soil; prefers an
C. congestus (Wintergreen cotoneaster). C. horizontalis, illus. p.208. Leaves are small, oval and glossy, dark open position in full sun but tolerates some
Evergreen, prostrate shrub. H 8in (20cm), C. hupehensis. Deciduous, arching shrub. green. Bears small, 5-petaled, white flowers shade. Propagate by division in spring or
S 6ft (2m). Forms dense mounds of oval, H 6ft (2m), S 10ft (3m). Oval, bright green in early summer, then rather sparse, by seed in fall or spring.
dull green leaves. Produces small, leaves turn yellow in fall. Masses of small, spherical, red fruits. Makes good C. cordifolia, illus. p.216.
5-petaled, pinkish-white flowers in early 5-petaled, white flowers in late spring are groundcover. Z6–8 H8–6. C. maritima, illus. p.264.
summer, followed by spherical, bright red succeeded by large, spherical, bright red C. x watereri ‘John Waterer’, illus.
fruits. Is excellent for a rock garden. Z7–8 fruits. Z5–8 H8–5. p.142. Vigorous, evergreen or CRASPEDIA
H8–7. C. ‘Hybridus Pendulus’. Evergreen, semievergreen, arching shrub. H and S 15ft
C. conspicuus, syn. C. conspicuus var. prostrate shrub, almost always grown as a (5m). Has lance-shaped, dark green leaves. COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE
decorus, illus. p.142. Evergreen, prostrate, weeping standard. H 6ft (2m), S 5ft (1.5m). Bears small, 5-petaled, white flowers, in
arching shrub. H 1ft (30cm), S 6–10ft Has oblong, dark green leaves. Small, early summer, followed by a profusion of Genus of basal-rosetted, summer-flowering
(2–3m). Has oblong, glossy, very dark green 5-petaled, white flowers in early summer spherical, red fruits in large clusters. Z6–8 perennials, some of which are best treated
leaves. Small, 5-petaled, white flowers in are followed by spherical, deep red fruits. H8–6. as annuals. Needs sun and well-drained
late spring are succeeded by large, Z6–8 H8–6. soil. Propagate by seed when very fresh, in
spherical, scarlet or orange-red fruits. Z6–8 C. integrifolius, syn. C. microphyllus of COTULA summer.
H8–6. var. decorus. See C. conspicuus. gardens. Evergreen, spreading, dense C. incana. Basal-rosetted perennial.
C. ‘Coral Beauty’. Evergreen, arching, shrub. H 3ft (1m), S 6ft (2m). Rigid shoots COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE H 8–12in (20–30cm), S 4in (10cm). Has
dense shrub. H 3ft (1m), S 6ft (2m). Has are clothed in small, oval, dark green narrowly oval, basal leaves, with dense,
small, oval, glossy, dark green leaves and, leaves. Small, 5-petaled, white flowers in Genus of perennials and a few marginal woolly, white hairs beneath, and smaller
in early summer, produces small, 5-petaled, late spring are followed by spherical, red water plants, most of which are evergreen, leaves on flower stem. In summer, many
white flowers. Fruits are spherical and fruits. Z6–8 H8–6. grown for their neat foliage and button-like domed heads of 3–10 tiny, tubular, yellow
bright orange-red. Z7–8 H8–7. C. lacteus, illus. p.117. flower heads. Many species are useful for flowers are produced in large, terminal
C. ‘Cornubia’, illus. p.117. C. linearifolius, syn. C. microphyllus var. cracks in paving stones, but may be clusters. Z9–10 H10–9.
C. dielsianus (Spreading cotoneaster). thymifolius of gardens. Evergreen, invasive. Most need a position in full sun,
Deciduous, arching shrub. H and S 8ft prostrate shrub. H 2ft (60cm), S 6ft (2m). with well-drained soil that is not too dry. CRASSULA
(2.5m). Slender shoots are clothed in oval, Rigid branches bear tiny, narrow, blunt- Propagate by division in spring.
dark green leaves. Produces small, ended, glossy leaves. Produces small, white C. atrata. See Leptinella atrata. CRASSULACEAE
5-petaled, pink flowers in early summer, flowers in late spring, followed by C. coronopifolia (Brass buttons). Short-
followed by spherical, glossy, red fruits. spherical, red fruits. Z6–8 H8–6. lived, deciduous, perennial, marginal water Genus of perennial succulents and
Z6–8 H8–6. C. microphyllus of gardens. See plant. H 6in (15cm), S 12in (30cm). Has evergreen, succulent shrubs and
C. divaricatus, illus. p.122. C. integrifolius. var. cochleatus of fleshy stems, small, lance-shaped, mid- subshrubs, ranging from 3/4in (2cm) high,
C. ‘Exburiensis’. Evergreen or gardens. See C. cashmiriensis. var. green leaves and, in summer, button-like, very succulent-leaved species to 15ft (5m)
semievergreen, arching shrub. H and S 15ft thymifolius of gardens. See yellow flower heads. Z7–9 H9–7. shrubby types. Most are easy to grow.
(5m). Has narrowly lance-shaped, bright C. linearifolius. Most prefer full sun; others like partial
green leaves, small, 5-petaled, white C. prostratus of gardens. See COTYLEDON shade. Needs very well-drained soil and a
flowers, in early summer, and spherical, C. rotundifolius. little water in winter. Propagate by seed or
yellow fruits, sometimes tinged pink later. C. rehderi, syn. C. bullatus var. CRASSULACEAE stem cuttings in spring or fall.
Z6–8 H8–6. macrophyllus. Deciduous, bushy, open C. arborescens, illus. p.490.
C. ‘Firebird’. See C. bullatus ‘Firebird’. shrub. H 15ft (5m), S 10ft (3m). Very large, Genus of evergreen, succulent shrubs and C. argentea of gardens. See C. ovata.
C. franchetii. Evergreen or oval, deeply veined, dark green leaves turn subshrubs, grown for their diverse foliage C. coccinea, syn. Rochea coccinea.
semievergreen, arching shrub. H and S 10ft red in fall. Clusters of small, 5-petaled, pink that ranges from large, oval, gray leaves to Evergreen, erect, succulent shrub. H to
(3m). Oval, gray-green leaves are white flowers, borne in late spring and early small, cylindrical, mid-green leaves. Prefers 24in (60cm), S 12in (30cm) or more.
beneath. Bears small, 5-petaled, pink- summer, are succeeded by spherical, bright a sunny or partially shaded site and very Alternate pairs of fleshy, oval to oblong-
tinged, white flowers in early summer, then red fruits. Z6–8 H8–6. well-drained soil. Propagate by seed or oval, hairy-margined, dull green leaves,
a profusion of oblong, bright orange-red C. ‘Rothschildianus’. Evergreen or stem cuttings in spring or summer. each united at the base, are arranged at
fruits. Z7–9 H9–7. var. sternianus. See C. semievergreen, arching shrub. H and S 15ft C. cooperi. See Adromischus cooperi. right angles in 4 rows up woody, green
sternianus. (5m). Has narrowly oval, bright green C. orbiculata. Evergreen, upright, stems. Produces umbels of tubular,
C. frigidus (Tree cotoneaster), illus. p.142. leaves, small, 5-petaled, white flowers, in succulent shrub. H and S 20in (50cm) or bright red flowers in summer or fall.
Vigorous, deciduous tree, upright when early summer, and large clusters of more. Swollen stem bears thin, oval, mid- Z12–15 H12–10.
young, arching when mature. H and S 30ft spherical, golden-yellow fruits. Z6–8 H8–6. green leaves, densely coated in white wax C. cooperi. See C. exilis subsp. cooperi.
(10m). Has large, broadly oval, wavy- C. rotundifolius, syn. C. prostratus and sometimes red-edged. Flower stems, C. deceptor, syn. C. deceptrix, illus. p.488.
edged, dull green leaves and broad heads (Willowleaf cotoneaster). Evergreen, to 28in (70cm) long, have pendent, tubular, C. deceptrix. See C. deceptor.
of small, 5-petaled, white flowers borne in arching shrub. H 5ft (1.5m), S 8ft (2.5m). orange flowers in fall. Z12–15 H12–10. var. C. exilis subsp. cooperi, syn. C. cooperi.
early summer, followed by large clusters of Has small, oval, glossy, dark green leaves. oblonga, syn. C. undulata has flat, wavy Carpeting, perennial succulent. H 3/4in
small, long-lasting, spherical, bright red Produces small, 5-petaled, white flowers in tips to the leaves and bell-shaped, orange (2cm), S 12in (30cm). Has small, spoon- to
fruits. Z7–8 H8–7. early summer, followed by spherical, deep flowers. lance-shaped, light green leaves, pitted
C. glaucophyllus. Evergreen, arching, red fruits. Z7–8 H8–7. C. paniculata. See Tylecodon paniculatus. with darker green or blackish-green marks.
open shrub. H and S 10ft (3m). Leaves are C. salicifolius, illus. p.142. Vigorous, C. reticulata. See Tylecodon reticulatus. Produces clusters of minute, 5-petaled,
oval, dark green, bluish-white beneath. evergreen, arching shrub. H and S 15ft C. simplicifolia. See Chiastophyllum white to pale pink flowers in winter. Z12–15
Produces small, 5-petaled, white flowers in (5m). Has narrowly lance-shaped, dark oppositifolium. H12–10.
mid-summer, followed by small, spherical, green leaves. Small, 5-petaled, white C. tomentosa subsp. ladismithensis. C. falcata. See C. perfoliata var. falcata.
deep red fruits in fall. Z7–8 H8–7. var. flowers, in early summer, are followed by Evergreen, freely branching, later C. lactea. Prostrate to semierect, perennial
prostrate, succulent subshrub. H and S 8in succulent. H 8in (20cm), S 3ft (1m). Leaves
(20cm). Has fleshy, green leaves, swollen are triangular-oval, glossy and dark green.
In winter produces masses of small,

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5-petaled, white flowers in terminal C. laevigata, syn. C. oxyacantha (English C. reniforme. Basal-rosetted perennial. (60cm). Leafless flower stem has a head of
clusters. Likes partial shade. Z12–15 hawthorn). ‘Paul’s Scarlet’, illus. p.84. H and S 8in (20cm). Leaves are large and fragrant, long-tubed, white or pinkish-red
H12–10. ‘Punicea’ is a deciduous, spreading tree. kidney-shaped. Sturdy stems each bear a flowers with darker red stripes. Bears long,
C. lycopodioides. See C. muscosa. H and S 20ft (6m). In late spring and early large, daisylike, yellow flower head in strap-shaped, semierect leaves grouped in
C. multicava, illus. p.484. summer, oval, lobed, toothed, glossy, dark summer. a tuft on a short stalk. Z7–11 H12–8.
C. muscosa, syn. C. lycopodioides. Dense, green leaves set off clusters of crimson C. longifolium. See C. bulbispermum.
bushy, woody-based, perennial succulent. flowers, which are followed by rounded, CREPIS C. macowanii. Fall-flowering bulb.
H 6in (15cm), S 12in (30cm). Bears small, red fruits. Z5–8 H8–3. H and S 2ft (60cm) or more. Is similar to
scalelike, neatly overlapping, mid-green C. x lavallei ‘Carrierei’. Vigorous, Hawk’s beard C. bulbispermum, but leaves are wavy-
leaves arranged in 4 rows around erect deciduous, spreading tree. H 22ft (7m), edged. Z10–11 H11–10.
stems. In spring produces tiny, 5-petaled, S 30ft (10m). Oval, glossy, dark green leaves COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE C. moorei, illus. p.383.
greenish-yellow flowers. Likes partial turn red in late fall. Has clusters of white C. x powellii, illus. p.385. ‘Album’ illus.
shade. Z12–15 H12–10. flowers in late spring, followed by long- Genus of summer-flowering annuals, p.383.
C. ovata, syn. C. argentea, C. portulacea, lasting, rounded, orange-red fruits. Z5–7 biennials and perennials, some of which
illus. p.481. H7–4. are evergreen, with long taproots and CROCOSMIA C
C. perfoliata var. falcata, syn. C. falcata, C. macrosperma var. acutiloba (Downy leaves in flat rosettes. Many species are
illus. p.489. hawthorn). Deciduous, spreading tree. persistent weeds, but some are grown for Montbretia 551
C. portulacea. See C. ovata. H 20ft (6m), S 25ft (8m). Has broad, sharply their many-petaled, dandelion-like flower
C. sarcocaulis, illus. p.339. toothed, dark green leaves. White flowers heads. Tolerates sun or shade and prefers IRIDACEAE
C. schmidtii, illus. p.485. with red anthers in late spring are followed well-drained soil. Propagate annuals and
C. socialis, illus. p.480. by bright red fruits in fall. Z4–8 H8–1. biennials by seed in fall, perennials by root Genus of corms, grown for their brightly
C. mollis. Deciduous, spreading tree. cuttings (not from taproot) in late winter, colored flowers produced mainly in
+ CRATAEGOMESPILUS H 30ft (10m), S 40ft (12m). Large, broadly although most species self-seed freely. summer. Forms dense clumps of sword-
oval, lobed, dark green leaves have white- C. aurea, illus. p.345. shaped, erect leaves. Requires well-drained
ROSACEAE haired undersides when young. Bears C. incana (Pink dandelion). Basal-rosetted soil and an open, sunny site. In very cold
heads of large, white flowers in late spring, perennial. H 8in (20cm), S 4in (10cm). Bears areas, plant in a sheltered position or lift
Group of grafted, hybrid, deciduous trees followed by short-lived, rounded, red fruits. oblong, divided, hairy, grayish-green and store corms over winter. Propagate by
(Crataegus and Mespilus), grown for their Z3–6 H6–1. leaves. Uneven discs of ragged, pink flower division as growth starts in spring.
flowers, foliage and fruits. Requires sun or C. monogyna (Singleseed hawthorn). heads are produced on stiff stems in C. aurea. Tuft-forming, summer-flowering
partial shade and fertile, well-drained soil. Deciduous, round-headed tree. H 30ft summer. Is good for a sunny rock garden corm. H 20–30in (50–75cm), S 6–8in
Propagate by grafting in late summer. (10m), S 25ft (8m). Has broadly oval, deeply or border. Z5–7 H7–4. (15–20cm). Erect, basal leaves are long,
+ C. dardarii (Bronvaux medlar). ‘Jules lobed, glossy, dark green leaves. Clusters of C. rubra. Fairly fast-growing, rosette- narrow and sword-shaped. Produces a
d’Asnières’ is a deciduous, spreading fragrant, white flowers are borne from late forming annual. H 12in (30cm), S 6in loosely branched spike of tubular, orange
tree. H and S 20ft (6m). Has drooping spring to early summer, followed by (15cm). Has lance-shaped, serrated leaves. or yellow flowers, 1–2in (3–5cm) long, each
branches and spiny shoots. Variable, oval rounded, red fruits. Makes a dense hedge. In summer bears dandelion-like, pink, with 6 spreading petals. Z6–9 H9–6.
or deeply lobed, dark green leaves, gray Z5–7 H7–4. ‘Biflora’ (Glastonbury thorn) occasionally red or white flower heads. C. ‘Bressingham Blaze’. Clump-
when young, turn orange and yellow in fall. has flowers and leaves in mild winters as Z5–7 H7–4. forming, late summer-flowering corm.
Clusters of saucer-shaped, sometimes rose- well as in spring. H 30in (75cm), S 6–8in (15–20cm). Has erect,
tinted, white flowers in late spring or early C. orientalis, syn. C. laciniata, illus. p.80. CRINODENDRON sword-shaped, pleated, basal leaves.
summer are followed by small, rounded, C. oxyacantha of gardens. See C. Branched stem bears widely funnel-
red-brown fruits. Z7–9 H9–7. laevigata. ELAEOCARPACEAE shaped, fiery-red flowers. Z6–9 H9–6.
C. pedicellata, illus. p.90. C. ‘Citronella’ of gardens. See C. ‘Golden
CRATAEGUS C. x persimilis ‘Prunifolia’, syn. C. crus- Genus of evergreen shrubs and trees, Fleece’.
galli, C. x prunifolia. Deciduous, spreading, grown for their flowers and foliage. C. x crocosmiiflora. Robust, sometimes
Hawthorn thorny tree. H 25ft (8m), S 30ft (10m). Oval, Requires full or partial shade, with plant invasive, variable, late summer-flowering
glossy, dark green leaves turn red or base in cool shade. Soil should be fertile, corm. H 24in (60cm), S 3in (8cm). Has erect,
ROSACEAE orange in fall. Has clusters of white moist but well-drained, and acidic. sword-shaped, pale green, basal leaves.
flowers, with pink anthers, in early Propagate by softwood cuttings in summer Produces thin, slightly arching, sometimes
Genus of deciduous, or more rarely summer, then rounded, dark red fruits. or by seed in fall. branched spikes of funnel-shaped, orange
semievergreen, spiny, often spreading trees Z6–7 H7–6. C. hookerianum, syn. Tricuspidaria or yellow flowers in summer. Z6–9 H9–3.
and shrubs, grown for their clustered, C. phaenopyrum, syn. C. cordata lanceolata, illus. p.202. ‘George Davison’ See C. ‘George
5-petaled, occasionally double flowers in (Washington thorn). Deciduous, round- C. patagua, illus. p.113. Davison’. ‘Honey Angels’ See C. ‘Honey
spring–summer, ornamental fruits and, in headed tree. H and S 30ft (10m). Broadly oval Angels’. ‘Solfatare’ See C. ‘Solfatare’.
some cases, fall color. Prefers full sun but is leaves are sharply lobed, glossy and dark x Crinodonna corsii. See x C. ‘Emily McKenzie’. Compact, late
suitable for most sites and may be grown in green. Clusters of white flowers, with pink Amarcrinum memoria-corsii. summer-flowering corm. H to 24in (60cm),
any but very wet soil. Is useful for growing anthers, are produced from early to mid- S 6–8in (15–20cm). Leaves are erect, basal
in polluted urban areas, exposed sites and summer, followed by rounded, glossy, red CRINUM and sword-shaped. Bears a dense spike of
coastal gardens. Propagate species by seed fruits that last through winter. Z4–8 H8–1. widely funnel-shaped, deep orange flowers,
in fall, cultivars by budding in late summer. C. x prunifolia. See C. x persimilis AMARYLLIDACEAE each with a dark mahogany throat. Z6–9
‘Prunifolia’. H9–2.
Fireblight is sometimes a problem. T The C. tanacetifolia (Tansy-leaved hawthorn). Genus of robust bulbs, grown for their C. ‘George Davison’, syn. C.
Deciduous, upright, usually thornless tree. often fragrant, funnel-shaped flowers. x crocosmiiflora ‘George Davison’ (illus.
seeds may cause mild stomach upset if H 30ft (10m), S 25ft (8m). Has oval to Needs full sun, shelter and rich, well- p.410). Mid- to late summer-flowering
ingested. diamond-shaped, deeply cut, gray-green drained soil. Propagate by offsets in spring corm. H 3–4ft (90cm–1.2m), S 6in (15cm).
C. cordata. See C. phaenopyrum. leaves, clusters of fragrant, white flowers, Has erect, sword-shaped, pleated, mid-
C. crus-galli (Cockspur hawthorn). with red anthers, in mid-summer and or by seed when fresh or in spring. T All green, basal leaves. Produces branched
Deciduous, flat-topped tree. H 25ft (8m), small, apple-shaped, yellow fruits. Z6–7 stems bearing large, trumpet-shaped, pale
S 30ft (10m). Has shoots armed with long, H7–6. parts may cause severe discomfort if orange-yellow flowers, tinted deeper
curved thorns and oval, glossy, dark green ingested; contact with the sap may irritate orange externally. Z6–9 H10–9.
leaves that turn bright crimson in fall. CREMANTHODIUM skin. C. ‘Golden Dew’. Late summer-flowering
Clusters of white flowers, with pink C. americanum. Tuft-forming, spring- corm. H 30in (75cm), S 3in (8cm). Has erect,
anthers, in late spring are followed by COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE and summer-flowering bulb. H 16–30in sword-shaped, mid-green, basal leaves.
long-lasting, rounded, bright red fruits. (40–75cm), S 24in (60cm). Has 6–10 strap- Produces large, funnel-shaped, yellow and
Z4–7 H7–1. Genus of basal-rosetted perennials, grown shaped, semierect, basal leaves. Leafless gold flowers on wiry, dark reddish stems.
C. crus-galli of gardens. See C. x for their pendent, half-closed, daisylike stem bears a head of up to 6 fragrant, long- Z6–9 H9–6.
persimilis ‘Prunifolia’. flower heads. Is often very difficult to grow tubed, white flowers with narrow petals. C. ‘Golden Fleece’, syn. C. ‘Citronella’,
C. ellwangeriana. Deciduous, spreading in all but very cool areas with snow cover. Z8–11 H11–8. illus. p.412.
tree. H and S 20ft (6m). Broadly oval, dark Dislikes winter wet. Needs shade and rich, C. asiaticum. Clump-forming bulb. C. ‘Harlequin’. Late summer-flowering
green leaves are shallowly toothed and moist but well-drained soil. Propagate by H 11/2–2ft (45–60cm), S 2–3ft (60cm–1m). corm. H 36in (90cm), S 3in (8cm). Has erect,
lobed. Bears clusters of white flowers, with seed when fresh. Has strap-shaped, semierect, basal, dark sword-shaped, mid-green, basal leaves.
pink anthers, in late spring, followed by green leaves, 3ft (1m) long. Leafless flower Well-branched, upright stems bear funnel-
rounded, glossy, crimson fruits. Z5–7 H7–5. stems produce heads of long-tubed, white
C. flava, illus. p.80. flowers, with narrow petals, in spring or
C. laciniata of gardens. See C. orientalis. summer. Z8–11 H11–8.
C. bulbispermum, syn. C. longifolium.
Summer-flowering bulb. H to 3ft (1m), S 2ft

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shaped, bright yellow flowers with of 1–3in (2.5–8cm). Is ideal for rock gardens Produces semierect, very narrow, basal and white anthers. Semierect, narrow,
alternate, red and orange outer petals. and for forcing in bowls for an early indoor leaves, each with a white line along the basal leaves, with white lines along centers,
Z6–9 H9–6. display. Most require well-drained soil and a center, which scarcely show at flowering are produced in winter–spring. Z3–8 H8–1.
C. ‘Honey Angels’, syn. C. sunny situation; C. banaticus prefers moist time. Z3–8 H8–1. var. leucopharynx has pale lilac-blue
x crocosmiiflora ‘Honey Angels’ (illus. soil and partial shade. Plant 2–21/2in (5–6cm) C. dalmaticus. Spring-flowering corm. flowers with white centers and white
p.410). Summer-flowering corm. H 30in deep, in late summer or early fall. Propagate Semierect, very narrow leaves have central, anthers.
(75cm), S 6in (15cm). Has erect, sword- in early fall by seed or division of corm white lines. Bears 1–3 purple-veined, pale C. ‘Ladykiller’. Late winter- to mid-
shaped, pleated, bronzed-green leaves clumps. See also feature panel p.417. violet flowers, with yellow centers, overlaid spring-flowering corm. Has funnel-shaped
and trumpet-shaped, pale yellow flowers. C. ‘Advance’. Late winter- to mid-spring- with silver or yellow outside. Z3–8 H8–1. flowers, white or pale lilac within and deep
Z6–9 H9–6. flowering corm. Funnel-shaped flowers are C. ‘Dorothy’, illus. p.417. Spring- violet-purple with white margins outside.
C. ‘Jackanapes’, illus. p.410. Clump- buttercup-yellow inside and paler yellow flowering corm. Scented flowers are pale Z3–8 H8–1.
forming, late summer-flowering corm. outside, suffused violet-bronze. Z3–8 H8–1. lemon-yellow. Z3–8 H8–1. C. laevigatus. Very variable corm,
H 16–24in (40–60cm), S 6–8in (15–20cm). C. aerius of gardens. See C. biflorus C. ‘Dutch Yellow’. See C. ‘Golden flowering intermittently for a month or
Has erect, sword-shaped, basal leaves. subsp. pulchricolor. Yellow’. more in fall or winter depending on the
Produces bicolored, yellow and orange- C. ancyrensis. Spring-flowering corm. C. ‘E.P. Bowles’, illus. p.417. Early form. Fragrant flowers are produced with
red flowers. Z8–10 H11–3. Produces up to 7 fragrant, bright orange- spring-flowering corm. Has scented, leaves and are usually lilac-purple with
C. ‘John Boots’. Mid- to late summer- yellow flowers. Z3–8 H8–1. funnel-shaped, deep yellow flowers, bold stripes on outside; inside each has a
flowering corm. H 18in (45cm), S 3in (8cm). C. angustifolius, syn. C. susianus (Cloth- stained bronze near base on outside. Has yellow eye and cream-white anthers. Z3–8
Has erect, sword-shaped, mid-green, basal of-gold crocus). Spring-flowering corm. semierect, narrow leaves, each with a H8–1.
leaves. Bears funnel-shaped, golden-yellow Fragrant flowers are bright golden-yellow, central white line. Increases well by offsets. C. longiflorus. Fall-flowering corm.
flowers. Z6–9 H9–6. striped or stained bronze outside. Z3–8 Z3–8 H8–1. Produces fragrant, slender, purple flowers,
C. ‘Lucifer’, illus. p.410. Robust, clump- H8–1. C. etruscus. Spring-flowering corm. Has which are striped darker purple outside, at
forming corm. H to 3ft (1m), S 8–10in C. aureus. See C. flavus. semierect, very narrow, dark green, basal the same time as leaves. Flowers have
(20–25cm). Has erect, sword-shaped, basal, C. balansae. See C. olivieri subsp. leaves with central, white lines. Bears long- yellow centers and anthers and red
bright green leaves. Bears funnel-shaped, balansae. tubed, funnel-shaped, pale purple-blue stigmas. Z5–8 H8–5.
deep rich red flowers in dense, branching C. banaticus, syn. C. iridiflorus. Fall- flowers, washed silver outside, with violet C. x luteus ‘Golden Yellow’. See C.
spikes in mid-summer. Z6–9 H9–6. flowering corm. Usually has solitary, long- veining. Z3–8 H8–1. ‘Zwanenburg’ (illus. ‘Golden Yellow’.
C. masoniorum, syn. C. masonorum, tubed, pale violet flower; outer 3 petals are p.417) has pale purple-blue flowers, C. malyi. Spring-flowering corm. Has 1 or
illus. p.410. Robust, clump-forming corm. much larger than inner 3. Very narrow, washed with biscuit-brown and flecked 2 funnel-shaped, white flowers with yellow
H to 5ft (1.5m), S 1–11/2ft (30–45cm). Has semierect, basal leaves, each with a paler violet outside. throats, brown or purple tubes and bright
erect, deep green, basal leaves, pleated line along the center, are produced in C. ‘Eyecatcher’, illus. p.417. Late winter- orange stigmas. Leaves are semierect, very
lengthways. Erect, branched stem has spring. Z3–8 H8–1. to mid-spring-flowering corm. Funnel- narrow and basal with central, white lines.
a horizontal, upper part, which bears C. baytopiorum. Spring-flowering corm. shaped, yellow-throated, gray-white Z3–8 H8–1.
upward-facing, funnel-shaped, reddish- Each corm bears 1 or 2 rounded, clear flowers have white-edged, deep purple C. medius. Fall-flowering corm. Has
orange flowers in summer–fall. Z6–9 turquoise-blue flowers with slightly darker outer segments. Z3–8 H8–1. 1 or 2 funnel-shaped, uniform rich purple
H9–2. ‘Rowallane Yellow’, H 3ft veins. Z3–8 H8–1. C. flavus, syn. C. aureus. Spring-flowering flowers, with yellow anthers and red
(1m), S 3in (8cm), has warm yellow C. biflorus. Early spring-flowering corm. corm. Fragrant flowers are bright yellow stigmas cut into many threadlike branches.
flowers. Has semierect, narrow, basal leaves, each or orange-yellow throughout; often several Linear, basal leaves are produced in
C. masonorum. See C. masoniorum. with a white line along the center. Bears flowers are produced together or in quick winter–spring, after flowering. Z3–8 H8–1.
fragrant, white or purplish-white flowers, succession. Z5–8 H8–5. C. minimus. Late spring-flowering corm.
C C. paniculata, syn. Antholyza paniculata, with yellow throats, vertically striped C. gargaricus. Spring-flowering corm. Has semierect, very narrow, dark green,
purple outside. Z3–8 H8–1. subsp. Bears yellow flowers. Increases by stolons. basal leaves that have central, white lines.
Curtonus paniculatus. Summer-flowering alexandri has fragrant, deep violet Tolerates slightly damper conditions than Bears 1 or 2 flowers, purple inside and
corm. H to 5ft (1.5m), S 1–11/2ft (30–45cm). flowers, with white insides. subsp. most crocuses. Z5–8 H8–5. stained darker violet or sometimes darker
Has erect, sword-shaped, basal leaves, pulchricolor, syn. C. aerius has rich deep C. ‘Golden Yellow’, syn. C. ‘Dutch striped on outside. Z3–8 H8–1.
pleated lengthwise. Produces long-tubed, blue flowers with golden-yellow centers. Yellow’, C. x luteus ‘Golden Yellow’. Very C. niveus. Fall-flowering corm. Produces
orange flowers on branched stems, which C. ‘Blue Bird’, illus. p.417. Late winter- to vigorous, clump-forming, spring-flowering 1 or 2 white or pale lavender flowers, with
are strongly zigzag in shape. Z6–9 H9–2. mid-spring-flowering corm. Funnel-shaped corm. Bears yellow flowers faintly striped yellow throats. Leaves are produced at
C. ‘Severn Sunrise’, illus. p.410. Late flowers are white inside with deep yellow outside at bases. Naturalizes well in grass. same time as flowers or just afterward.
summer-flowering corm. H 36in (90cm), throats and violet margined with white Z3–8 H8–1. Needs a warm, sunny site. Z3–8 H8–1.
S 3in (8cm). Has erect, sword-shaped, outside. Z3–8 H8–1. C. goulimyi, illus. p.417. Fall-flowering C. nudiflorus (Autumn-flowering crocus).
mid-green, basal leaves. Produces tightly C. ‘Blue Pearl’, illus. p.421. corm. Usually has solitary, long-tubed, pale Fall-flowering corm. Has linear, basal
clustered, funnel-shaped flowers in shades C. boryi. Fall-flowering corm. Flowers are lilac to pinkish-lilac flower, with a white leaves in winter–spring. Usually bears
of salmon, apricot and yellow. Z6–9 H9–6. ivory-white, sometimes veined or flushed throat and 3 inner petals usually paler than solitary, slender, long-tubed, rich purple
C. ‘Solfatare’, syn. C. x crocosmiiflora with mauve outside. Z4–8 H8–1. the 3 outer ones. Leaves and flowers are flower, with a frilly, bright orange or yellow
‘Solfatare’ (illus. p.410). Mid- to late C. cancellatus. Fall-flowering corm. produced together. Needs a warm site. stigma. Naturalizes in grass. Z3–8 H8–1.
summer-flowering corm. H 26–28in Slender flowers are pale blue, slightly Z3–8 H8–1. C. olivieri. Spring-flowering corm. Bears
(65–70cm), S 6in (15cm). Bears erect, striped outside. Leaves form after C. hadriaticus, illus. p.417. Fall-flowering rounded, bright orange flowers. Z5–8
sword-shaped, pleated, bronzed-green flowering, in spring. Z5–8 H8–5. corm. Leaves are produced at same time as H8–5. Flowers of subsp. balansae, syn.
leaves and trumpet-shaped, pale to mid- C. cartwrightianus. Fall-flowering corm. white flowers, which usually have yellow C. balansae are stained or striped bronze-
yellow flowers. Z6–9 H9–6. Produces leaves at same time as strongly throats and may be lilac-feathered at the brown outside.
C. ‘Star of the East’, illus. p.410. Late veined, violet or white flowers, H 11/2–21/2in base. Z3–8 H8–1. C. pulchellus. Fall-flowering corm. Bears
summer-flowering corm. H 28in (70cm), (4–6cm) across, each with 3 long, bright red C. imperati. Bicolored, spring-flowering long-tubed, pale lilac-blue flowers with
S 8in (3in). Has erect, sword-shaped, mid- stigmas, similar to those of C. sativus. Z6–8 corm. Develops 1 or 2 scented, purple darker veins, conspicuous, yellow throats
green, basal leaves. Bears horizontal- H8–6. flowers, fawn with purple striping outside and white anthers. Leaves are semierect,
facing, funnel-shaped, clear orange C. chrysanthus. Spring-flowering corm. and with yellow throats. Z3–8 H8–1. In ‘De very narrow and basal, with white lines
flowers, with a paler orange center, on Scented flowers are orange-yellow Jager’ flowers are rich violet-purple inside along centers. Z3–8 H8–1.
branched stems. Z6–9 H9–6. throughout with deeper orange-red and biscuit-colored with violet feathering C. salzmannii. See C. serotinus subsp.
stigmas. Z3–8 H10–1. ‘Zwanenberg outside. salzmannii.
552 CROCUS Bronze’. See C. ‘Zwanenberg Bronze’. C. iridiflorus. See C. banaticus. C. sativus, syn. C. sativus var.
C. ‘Cream Beauty’, illus. p.417. Spring- C. korolkowii (Celandine crocus). Spring- cashmirianus (Saffron crocus). Fall-
IRIDACEAE flowering corm. Scented, rich cream flowering corm. Produces up to 20 narrow flowering corm. Leaves are produced with
flowers, with deep yellow throats, are leaves. Produces fragrant, yellow flowers saucer-shaped, dark-veined, purple
Genus of mainly spring- or fall-flowering stained purplish-brown outside at base. that are speckled or stained brown or flowers, each with 3 long, bright red
corms with funnel-shaped to rounded, Bears semierect, very narrow, dark green, purple outside. When open in sun, petals stigmas that yield saffron. Z5–8 H8–1.
long-tubed flowers. Has long, very narrow, basal leaves, each with a white, central line. have glossy surfaces. Z3–8 H8–1. var. cashmirianus. See C. sativus.
semierect, basal leaves, each with a white Z3–8 H8–1. C. kotschyanus, syn. C. zonatus, illus. C. serotinus subsp. salzmannii, syn.
line along center, usually 1–5 per corm. C. cvijicii. Spring-flowering corm. Usually p.417. Fall-flowering corm. Pinkish-lilac or C. salzmannii. Fall-flowering corm. Lilac-
Some fall-flowering species have no leaves has solitary funnel-shaped, yellow flower. purplish-blue flowers have yellow centers blue flowers, sometimes with yellow
at flowering time, these appearing in winter
or spring. Most species are less than 4in
(10cm) tall when in flower and have a spread

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throats, are produced at the same time as C. zonatus. See C. kotschyanus. triangular, wavy, mid-green leaves have hooded, purplish spathes are produced
leaves. Z5–8 H8–1. C. ‘Zwanenberg Bronze’, syn. C. serrated edges. A cluster of fragrant, intermittently among lance-shaped,
C. sieberi. Spring-flowering corm. chrysanthus ‘Zwanenberg Bronze’, illus. tubular, white flowers is produced from purplish-green leaves. Z10–11 H11–10.
Fully hardy. Has scented, white flowers with p.417. Spring-flowering corm. H to 4in each rosette center, usually in summer. Z15
yellow throats and purple staining outside, (10cm), S 1–3in (2.5–8cm). Has bicolored H12–10. ‘Ruber’ has red-flushed foliage. CRYPTOGRAMMA
either in horizontal bands or vertical stripes. flowers, rich yellow inside, stained bronze Z15 H11–10.
Z3–8 H8–1. ‘Albus’, syn. C. sieberi ‘Bowles’ outside. Z3–8 H8–1. C. bivittatus. Evergreen, clump-forming, ADIANTACEAE/PTERIDACEAE
White’ illus. p.427. subsp. atticus has pale basal-rosetted perennial. H to 6in (15cm),
lilac to violet-blue flowers with frilly, orange CROSSANDRA S 10–15in (25–38cm). Loose, flat rosettes of Genus of deciduous or semievergreen
stigmas. ‘Bowles’ White’. See C. sieberi broadly lance-shaped, wavy, mid- to ferns. Needs partial shade and moist but
‘Albus’. ‘Hubert Edelsten’ (illus. p.417) ACANTHACEAE yellowish-green leaves have finely toothed well-drained, neutral or acidic soil. Remove
has yellow-throated, pale lilac flowers, the margins and are striped lengthwise with 2 fading fronds. Propagate by spores in late
outer segments of which are white-tipped, Genus of evergreen perennials, subshrubs coppery-fawn to buff bands. Small clusters summer.
centrally marked and feathered with rich and shrubs, grown mainly for their flowers. of tubular, white flowers are produced C. crispa, illus. p.293.
purple. subsp. sublimis f. tricolor Needs partial shade or full light and rich, from center of each rosette, usually in
(illus. p.417) has unusual flowers, divided well-drained soil. Water container plants summer. Z15 H12–10. ‘Pink Starlight’ CRYPTOMERIA C
into 3 distinct bands of lilac, white and freely when in full growth, moderately at (illus. p.471), H 8in (20cm) or more, S 14in
golden yellow. other times. For a strong branch system, (35cm) or more, has green leaves striped TAXODIACEAE/CUPRESSACEAE
C. ‘Snow Bunting’, illus. p.417. Spring- cut back flowered growth by at least half in yellowish-green, and heavily suffused deep
flowering corm. Fragrant, long-tubed, late winter. Propagate by seed in spring or pink. H11–10. See also CONIFERS.
funnel-shaped, white flowers have by greenwood cuttings in late spring or C. bromelioides (Rainbow star). C. japonica (Japanese cryptomeria). Fast-
mustard-yellow centers and orange summer. Whitefly may be troublesome. Evergreen, spreading, basal-rosetted growing, columnar to conical, open conifer.
stigmas. Semierect, very narrow, basal C. infundibuliformis, syn. C. undulifolia. perennial. H 8in (20cm) or more, S 14in H 50–70ft (15–20m), S 15–25ft (5–8m). Has
leaves are dark green with white, central Evergreen, erect to spreading, soft- (35cm) or more. Strap-shaped, wavy, finely soft, fibrous, red-brown bark, needlelike,
lines. Z3–8 H8–1. stemmed shrub or subshrub. H to 3ft (1m), toothed, arching, mid- to bright green incurved, mid- to dark green leaves,
C. speciosus, illus. p.417. Fall-flowering S 2ft (60cm). Has oval to lance-shaped, leaves are produced in dense rosettes. spirally arranged, and globular, brown
corm. Produces lilac-blue to deep purple- glossy, deep green leaves and, in summer– Occasionally bears clusters of tubular, cones. Z6–9 H9–4. ‘Bandai-sugi’, H and
blue flowers, usually with a network of fall or earlier, fan-shaped, salmon-red white flowers in center of each rosette, S 6ft (2m), makes an irregularly rounded
darker veins and a much-divided, orange flowers in conical spikes, 4in (10cm) long. usually in summer. Z15 H12–10. ‘Tricolor’ shrub with foliage that turns bronze in
stigma. Leaves are produced in winter– Z14–15 H12–1. has carmine-suffused, white-striped winter. ‘Cristata’ illus. p.104. ‘Elegans
spring. Z3–8 H8–1. ‘Conqueror’ (illus. C. nilotica. Evergreen, upright to foliage. Compacta’, H 6–15ft (2–5m), S 6ft (2m), is a
p.417) has large, deep sky-blue flowers. spreading, leafy shrub. H 12–24in (30– C. zonatus. Evergreen, basal-rosetted dwarf form. ‘Pyramidata’ illus. p.104.
‘Oxonian’ produces dark violet-blue 60cm), S to 14in (35cm). Has oval, pointed, perennial. H 4–6in (10–15cm), S 12–16in ‘Sekkan-sugi’, H 30ft (10m), S 10–12ft
flowers with prominent, darker veining rich green leaves. Small, tubular, apricot to (30–40cm). Forms loose, flat rosettes of (3–4m), has semi-pendulous branches and
externally. pale brick-red flowers, with spreading strap-shaped, wavy, finely toothed, sepia- light golden-cream foliage. ‘Spiralis’,
C. susianus. See C. angustifolius. petals, are borne in short spikes from green leaves, cross-banded with gray-buff H and S 6–10ft (2–3m), forms a tree or
C. tommasinianus. Spring-flowering spring to fall. Z14–15 H12–9. and with grayish-white scales beneath. dense shrub with spirally twisted foliage
corm. H to 4in (10cm), S 1–3in (2.5–8cm). C. undulifolia. See C. infundibuliformis. A cluster of tubular, white flowers is and is very slow-growing. ‘Vilmoriniana’,
Bears slender, long-tubed, funnel-shaped produced in each rosette, usually in H and S 3ft (1m), forms a globular mound
flowers, varying in color from lilac or CROTALARIA summer. Z15 H12–10. ‘Zebrinus’ produces of yellow-green foliage that turns bronze in
purple to violet, sometimes with darker tips silver-banded foliage. Z15 H11–10. winter.
to petals and occasionally silver outside. LEGUMINOSAE/PAPILIONACEAE
Naturalizes well. Z3–8 H8–1. f. albus has x CRYPTBERGIA CRYPTOSTEGIA
white flowers. ‘Ruby Giant’ (illus. p.417) Genus of evergreen shrubs, perennials and
bears clusters of large, rich reddish-purple annuals, grown mainly for their flowers. BROMELIACEAE ASCLEPIADACEAE/APOCYNACEAE
flowers. ‘Whitewell Purple’ has slender, Requires full light and well-drained soil.
reddish-purple flowers. Water container specimens freely when in Hybrid genus (Cryptanthus x Billbergia) of Genus of evergreen, twining climbers,
C. tournefortii. Fall-flowering corm. full growth, less at other times. For a more evergreen, rosette-forming perennials, grown for their flowers. Needs fertile, well-
Leaves appear at same time as 1 or 2 pale compact habit, cut back old stems by half grown for their foliage. Needs partial shade drained soil and full light. Water regularly
lilac-blue flowers that open flattish to reveal after flowering. Propagate by seed in and fertile, well-drained soil. Water when in growth, less at other times. Stems
a much-divided, orange stigma and white spring or by semiripe cuttings in summer. moderately during the growing season, require support. Spur back previous
anthers. Requires a warm, sunny site. Z5–8 Red spider mite may be troublesome. sparingly in winter. Propagate by suckers season’s old flowering stems in spring.
H8–1. C. agatiflora, illus. p.459. or offsets in spring. Propagate by seed in spring or by
C. vernus (Dutch crocus, Spring crocus). x C. ‘Rubra’. Evergreen, clump-forming, softwood cuttings in summer.
Spring-flowering corm. H to 4in (10cm), Crucianella stylosa. See Phuopsis basal-rosetted perennial. H and S 6–12in C. grandiflora (Rubber vine). Strong-
S 1–3in (2.5–8cm). Variable in color from stylosa. (15–30cm). Loose rosettes comprise strap- growing, evergreen, twining climber. H 30ft
white to purple or violet and often striped shaped, pointed, bronze-red leaves. Rarely, (10m) or more. Has oval, thick-textured,
and feathered. Stigmas are large, frilly CRUSEA small, tubular, white flowers are produced glossy leaves. Funnel-shaped, reddish to
and orange or yellow. Is suitable for in rosette centers in summer. Z15 H12–10. lilac-purple flowers are borne in summer.
naturalizing. Z3–8 H8–1. subsp. albiflorus RUBIACEAE
has small, white flowers, sometimes slightly CRYPTOCORYNE T Stems yield a poisonous latex that may
marked or striped purple. ‘Jeanne d’Arc’ Genus of annuals and perennials, grown
has white flowers with a deep purple base. for their showy flowers. Needs partial to ARACEAE cause severe discomfort if ingested. Z11
‘Pickwick’ (illus. p.417) has pale, grayish- full shade in moist but well-drained, rich H12–10.
white flowers, with dark violet stripes and soil. Propagate by seed in spring, by Genus of semievergreen, perennial,
purplish bases. ‘Prinses Juliana’ has division in spring or summer or by cuttings submerged water plants and marsh plants, Cryptostemma calendulaceum. See
mid-purple flowers with darker veins. in summer. grown for their foliage. Is suitable for Arctotheca calendula.
‘Purpureus Grandiflorus’ has shiny, C. coccinea, illus. p.268. tropical aquariums. Needs sun and rich
violet-purple flowers. ‘Queen of the soil. Remove fading foliage, and divide CTENANTHE 553
Blues’ (illus. p.417) has rich blue flowers CRYPTANTHUS plants periodically. Propagate by division in
that have higher margins and a darker spring or summer. MARANTACEAE
base. ‘Remembrance’ (illus. p.417) has BROMELIACEAE C. beckettii var. ciliata. See C. ciliata.
shiny, violet flowers. ‘Vanguard’, a very C. ciliata, syn. C. beckettii var. ciliata. Genus of evergreen, bushy perennials,
early cultivar, has bluish-lilac flowers, paler Genus of evergreen, rosette-forming Semievergreen, perennial, submerged grown for their ornamental foliage.
and silvered outside. perennials, grown for their foliage. Needs water plant. S6in (15cm). Lance-shaped, Requires a humid atmosphere, even
C. ‘Zephyr’. Fall-flowering corm. Bears partial shade and well-drained soil, deep green leaves have paler midribs. temperature and partial shade. Prefers
very pale silver-blue flowers, veined darker, preferably mixed with sphagnum moss. Small, hooded, fringed, purplish spathes moist but well-drained soil and soft water;
each with a yellow throat and white Water moderately in the growing season, are produced intermittently at base of do not allow to dry completely. Propagate
anthers. Z3–8 H8–1. sparingly at other times. Propagate by plant. Z10–11 H12–10. by division in spring.
offsets or suckers in late spring. C. spiralis. Semievergreen, perennial, C. lubbersiana. Evergreen, clump-
C. acaulis (Green earth star). Evergreen, submerged water plant. S6in (15cm). Small, forming, bushy perennial. H and S to 30in
clump-forming, basal-rosetted perennial. (75cm) or more. Long-stalked, lance-
H to 4in (10cm), S 6–12in (15–30cm). Loose, shaped, sharply pointed leaves are 10in
flat rosettes of lance-shaped to narrowly (25cm) long, green above, irregularly
marked and striped with pale yellowish-
green, and pale greenish-yellow below.

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Intermittently bears dense, one-sided C. glabra. See C. arizonica var. glabra. moist but well-drained soil. Propagate CYCAS
spikes of many small, 3-petaled, white C. lusitanica (Cedar of Goa, Mexican by softwood cuttings in spring or by seed
flowers. Z15 H12–10. cypress). Conical conifer. H 70ft (20m), in fall. CYCADACEAE
C. oppenheimiana, syn. Calathea S 15–25ft (5–8m). Has fissured bark and C. lobatus. Prostrate perennial. H 3/4in
oppenheimiana. Robust, evergreen, bushy spreading, spirally arranged sprays of (2cm), S 8in (20cm). Branched stems are Genus of slow-growing, evergreen, woody-
perennial. H and S 3ft (1m) or more. Lance- scalelike, aromatic, gray-green leaves. clothed in small, wedge-shaped, dull green stemmed perennials, grown for their palm-
shaped, leathery leaves are 1ft (30cm) or Bears small, globular cones that are leaves. In late summer, each stem bears a like appearance. Prefers a position in full
more long, red below, dark green above glaucous blue when young, ripening to funnel-shaped, blue flower. Z6–7 H7–6. light and rich, well-drained soil. Water
with pale green or white bands along veins glossy brown. Z9–10 H10–8. f. albus illus. p.359. container specimens moderately when in
on either side of midribs. Dense, one-sided C. macrocarpa (Monterey cypress). Fast- C. microphyllus, illus. p.369. full growth, less at other times. Propagate
spikes of many small, 3-petaled, white growing, evergreen conifer, columnar in spring by seed or suckers taken from
flowers are borne intermittently. Z14–15 when young, often wide-spreading with CYANOTIS mature plants.
H12–10. ‘Tricolor’ illus. p.465. age. H 70ft (20m), S 20–80ft (6–25m). Bark is C. revoluta, illus. p.457.
shallowly fissured. Scalelike, aromatic, COMMELINACEAE
Cudrania tricuspidata. See Maclura bright to dark green leaves are borne in CYCLAMEN
tricuspidata. plumelike sprays. Globular cones are Genus of evergreen, creeping perennials,
glossy and brown. Z7–11 H11–7. grown for their foliage. Prefers a position PRIMULACEAE
CUNNINGHAMIA ‘Goldcrest’ illus. p.104. in sun or partial shade, with rich, well-
C. sempervirens ‘Stricta’, illus. p.102. drained soil. Propagate by tip cuttings from Genus of tuberous perennials, some of
TAXODIACEAE/CUPRESSACEAE C. torulosa ‘Cashmeriana’. See C. spring to fall. which are occasionally evergreen, grown
cashmeriana. C. kewensis (Teddy-bear vine). Evergreen for their pendent flowers, each with 5
See also CONIFERS. perennial forming rosettes with trailing reflexed petals and a mouth often stained
C. lanceolata, illus. p.100. x CUPROCYPARIS stems. H 2in (5cm), S 12in (30cm). Clasping with a darker color. Needs sun or partial
the stem are 2 rows of overlapping, oval shade and rich, well-drained soil. If grown
CUNONIA CUPRESSACEAE leaves, to 2in (5cm) long, dark green above, in containers, in summer dry off tubers of
purple with velvety, brown hairs below. all except C. purpurascens (which is
CUNONIACEAE T Contact with the foliage may aggravate Stalkless clusters of 3-petaled, purplish- evergreen and flowers in summer); repot in
pink flowers are produced in axils of fall and water to restart growth. Propagate
Genus of evergreen, summer-flowering skin allergies. See also CONIFERS. leaflike bracts almost all year round. by seed in late summer or fall. C. persicum
trees, grown for their foliage, flowers x C. leylandii, syn. x Cupressocyparis Z13–15 H12–10. and its cultivars are susceptible to black
and overall appearance. Requires full light leylandii. ‘Harlequin’ is a very fast- C. somaliensis (Pussy ears) Evergreen,
and well-drained soil. Water container growing, columnar conifer with a conical creeping perennial. H 2in (5cm), root rot. T All parts may cause severe
plants moderately, less in winter. Pruning is tip. H 80–120ft (25–35m), S 12–15ft (4–5m). S indefinite. Small, narrow, glossy, dark
tolerated. Propagate by seed in spring Gray-green foliage, with patches of clear green leaves, with white hairs, surround discomfort if ingested.
or by semiripe cuttings in summer. ivory-white, is held in plumelike sprays. stems. Has purplish-blue flowers in leaf C. africanum, illus. p.424.
C. capensis (African red alder). ‘Leighton Green’ bears flattened sprays axils in winter–spring. Z13–15 H12–10. C. alpinum, syn. C. trochopteranthum.
Moderately fast-growing, evergreen, of paired, scalelike, rich green leaves and Spring-flowering, tuberous perennial. H 4in
rounded tree. H and S 30–50ft (10–15m), globular, glossy, dark brown cones. CYATHEA (10cm), S 2–4in (5–10cm). Bears rounded or
more in rich soil. Has lustrous, dark green ‘Robinson’s Gold’, H 50–70ft (15–20m), heart-shaped leaves, zoned with silver.
leaves, divided into pairs of lance-shaped, has bright golden leaves. ‘Castlewellan’, SYN. ALSOPHILA, SPHAEROPTERIS Produces musty-scented, pale carmine or
serrated leaflets. Tiny, long-stamened, illus. p.99. ‘Haggerston Grey’, illus. p.95. CYATHEACEAE white flowers, stained dark carmine at
mouths; petals are twisted and propeller-
C white flowers are produced in dense, CURCUMA Genus of evergreen tree ferns, grown for shaped. Z8–9 H9–8.
bottlebrush-like spikes, 4–5in (10–13cm) their foliage and overall appearance. Needs C. caucasicum. See C. coum subsp.
long, in late summer. Z10–11 H11–10. ZINGIBERACEAE a humid atmosphere, sun or partial shade caucasicum.
and rich, moisture-retentive but well- C. cilicium, illus. p.426.
CUPHEA Genus of herbaceous perennials, grown for drained soil. Water container plants freely C. coum, illus. p.429. f. albissimum, syn.
their patterned leaves and showy bracts in summer, moderately at other times. C. coum ‘Album’ illus. p.428. ‘Album’. See
LYTHRACEAE atop the flower spikes. The lower bracts Propagate by spores in spring. C. coum f. albissimum. subsp.
form pouches from which the flowers C. australis, syn. Alsophila australis, illus. caucasicum, syn. C. caucasicum is a
Genus of annuals, perennials and emerge; the upper bracts are without p.452. winter-flowering, tuberous perennial. H to
evergreen shrubs and subshrubs, grown flowers, but are larger and brightly colored C. medullaris (Black tree fern, Mamaku). 4in (10cm), S 2–4in (5–10cm). Has heart-
for their flowers. Prefers full sun and or white. Needs partial shade and rich, Evergreen, upright tree fern with a slender, shaped, silver-patterned leaves and
fertile, well-drained soil. Water freely when moist but well-drained soil. Keep black trunk. H 22–52ft (7–16m), S 20–40ft produces a succession of bright carmine
in full growth, moderately at other times. completely dry in winter. Propagate by (6–12m). Has arching fronds, to 22ft (7m) flowers, each with a dark stain at the
Remove flowered shoots after flowering to division of rhizome in spring. long, divided into small, oblong, glossy, mouth. Pewter Group illus. p.429.
maintain a bushy habit. Propagate by seed C. cordata. See C. zedoaria. dark green leaflets, paler beneath. Z10–11 Pewter Group ‘Maurice Dryden’ illus.
in spring or by greenwood cuttings in C. petiolata, illus. p.477. Herbaceous, H11–10. p.428.
spring or summer. Red spider mite may be clump-forming perennial. H 48in (120cm), C. creticum. Spring-flowering, tuberous
troublesome. S 20in (50cm). Has narrowly ovate, strongly Cyathodes colensoi. See Leucopogon perennial. H to 4in (10cm), S 2–4in (5–10cm).
C. cyanea, illus. p.162. ribbed, mid-green leaves, 24in (60cm) long. colensoi. Produces heart-shaped, dark green leaves,
C. ignea, syn. C. platycentra, illus. p.308. In summer produces a spike, to 14in (35cm) sometimes silver-patterned, and fragrant,
C. platycentra. See C. ignea. long, of lemon-yellow flowers and bright CYBISTAX white flowers. Z6–9 H9–7.
C. x purpurea ‘Firecracker’, illus. p.306. pink upper bracts. H11–10. C. cyprium. Fall-flowering, tuberous
C. zedoaria, syn. C. cordata (Zedoary), BIGNONIACEAE perennial. H to 4in (10cm), S 2–4in (5–10cm).
x Cupressocyparis leylandii. See illus. p.477. Herbaceous, clump-forming Heart-shaped, toothed, dark green leaves,
x Cuprocyparis leylandii . perennial. H 60in (150cm), S 20in (50cm). Genus of deciduous trees, grown for their patterned with lighter green, are produced
Has ovate, ribbed, mid-green leaves, to spring flowers and for shade. Needs full with or just after fragrant, white flowers,
554 CUPRESSUS 36in (90cm) long, with dark red stripes light and fertile, moist but well-drained soil. each with carmine marks around the
on upper sides. In mid- to late spring Will not bloom when confined to a mouth. Z7–9 H9–7.
Cypress bears a spike, 2–3in (5–8cm) long, of container. Young plants may be pruned to C. europaeum. See C. purpurascens.
yellow flowers and pink to purple-red shape when leafless; otherwise pruning is C. fatrense. See C. purpurascens.
CUPRESSACEAE upper bracts. not required. Propagate by seed or air- C. graecum, illus. p.425.
layering in spring or by semiripe cuttings C. hederifolium, syn. C. neapolitanum,
See also CONIFERS. Curtonus paniculatus. See Crocosmia in summer. illus. p.426. f. albiflorum illus. p.424.
C. arizonica var. glabra, syn. C. glabra paniculata. C. donnell-smithii, syn. Tabebuia C. libanoticum, illus. p.418.
(Arizona cypress, Smooth cypress). Conical donnell-smithii. Fairly fast-growing, C. mirabile, illus. p.425.
conifer. H 30–50ft (10–15m), S 10–15ft CYANANTHUS deciduous, rounded tree. H and S 30ft (10m) C. neapolitanum. See C. hederifolium.
(3–5m). Has smooth, flaking, reddish-purple or more. Leaves have 5–7 oval leaflets, 2– C. persicum, illus. p.429. ‘Esmeralda’ is
bark and upright, spirally arranged sprays CAMPANULACEAE 8in (5–20cm) long. Bell-shaped, 5-lobed, a winter-flowering tuberous perennial.
of scalelike, aromatic, glaucous blue-gray bright yellow flowers are produced, often H 4–8in (10–20cm), S 6–8in (15–20cm). Has
leaves that are flecked with white resin. Genus of late summer-flowering in great profusion, in spring before the heart-shaped, silver-patterned leaves and
Globular cones are chocolate-brown. Z6–9 perennials, suitable for rock gardens, walls leaves. Z14–15 H12–10. fragrant, broad-petaled, carmine-red
H9–2. and troughs. Needs partial shade and rich,
C. cashmeriana, syn. C. torulosa
‘Cashmeriana’, illus. p.95.

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flowers. Z13–15 H6–1. Halios Series, ivy-shaped, pale green leaves and, in are narrowly oval, to 24in (60cm) long. C. alternifolius of gardens. See C.
H 12in (30cm), S 7in (18cm), has blunt- summer, masses of tiny, tubular, spurred, Requires partial shade in summer. Z14–15 involucratus.
toothed, dark green leaves with silver sometimes purple-tinted, white flowers. H12–6. C. diffusus of gardens. See C. albostriatus.
marbling and produces a succession of Z4–8 H8–1. C. Strathdon gx ‘Cooksbridge Noel’. C. elegans of gardens. See C. albostriatus.
white, pink, scarlet, lilac or purple flowers Evergreen, epiphytic orchid for a cool C. flabelliformis. See C. involucratus.
in late summer or fall. Z13–15 H6–1. Kaori CYMBIDIUM greenhouse. H 3ft (1m). Sprays of rich pink C. involucratus, syn. C. alternifolius, C.
Series produces flowers in a wide range of flowers, 2in (5cm) across, with red-spotted, flabelliformis, illus. p.478.
colors in winter. Z13–15 H6–1. ‘Pearl ORCHIDACEAE yellow-tinged lips, are produced in winter. C. isocladus of gardens. See C. papyrus
Wave’, S4–6in (10–15cm), has leaves Has narrowly oval leaves, to 24in (60cm) ‘Nanus’.
marked light and dark green and silver and T Contact with the foliage may aggravate long. Needs partial shade in summer. C. longus (Galingale). Deciduous,
in winter and spring produces slender, Z14–15 H12–6. spreading, perennial sedge. H 5ft (1.5m),
deep pink flowers, with frilly-edged petals. skin allergies. See also ORCHIDS. C. Strathkanaid gx, illus. p.467. S indefinite. Bears rough-edged, glossy,
Z13–15 H6–1. ‘Renown’, S4–6in (10–15cm), C. Caithness Ice gx ‘Trinity’, illus. Evergreen, epiphytic orchid for a cool dark green leaves and, in summer, umbels
has silver-green leaves, each with a central, p.467. Evergreen, epiphytic orchid for a greenhouse. H 24in (60cm). In spring of narrow, flattened, milk-chocolate-
dark green mark, and produces slender, cool greenhouse. H 30in (75cm). Sprays of bears arching spikes of deep red flowers, colored spikelets that keep their color well.
scarlet flowers in winter–spring. Z13–15 green flowers, 4in (10cm) across, each with 2in (5cm) across. Lips are white, marked Tolerates its roots in water. Z3–11 H11–1.
H6–1. ‘Scentsation’, H 6in (15cm), bears a red-marked, white lip, are borne in early deep red. Has narrowly oval leaves, to 24in C. papyrus, illus. p.478. ‘Nanus’, syn. C.
strongly scented flowers in pink, carmine- spring. Has narrowly oval leaves, to 24in (60cm) long. Requires partial shade in isocladus is an evergreen, spreading,
red or crimson from early winter to early (60cm) long. Needs a position in partial summer. H11–1. perennial sedge with a red rhizome; it is
spring. Z13–15 H6–1. shade in summer. Z12–15 H12–6. C. tracyanum. Evergreen, epiphytic a dwarf variant of the species, sometimes
C. pseudibericum. Spring-flowering, C. Christmas Angel gx ‘Cooksbridge orchid for a cool greenhouse. H 30in considered distinct, and is often grown
tuberous perennial. H to 4in (10cm), S 4–6in Sunburst’. Evergreen, epiphytic orchid (75cm). In fall produces long spikes under misapplied names. H 32in (80cm),
(10–15cm). Has heart-shaped, toothed for a cool greenhouse. H 30in (75cm). In of fragrant, olive-green flowers, 3in S indefinite. Triangular, leafless stems bear
leaves patterned with silvery- and dark winter produces sprays of yellow flowers, (8cm) across, overlaid with reddish dots umbels of brown spikelets, on stalks 3–4in
green zones. Flowers are deep carmine- 4in (10cm) across and with red-spotted lips. and dashes. Has narrowly oval leaves, (8–10cm) long, in summer. Z13–15 H12–6.
purple with darker, basal stains and white- Narrowly oval leaves are up to 24in (60cm) to 24in (60cm) long. Needs partial shade
rimmed mouths. Z8–9 H9–8. long. Grow in partial shade in summer. in summer. Z14–15 H12–6. Cyphomandra betacea. See Solanum
C. purpurascens, syn. C. europaeum, C. Z12–15 H12–6. betaceum.
fatrense, illus. p.422. C. devonianum. Evergreen, epiphytic CYNARA Cyphomandra crassicaulis. See
C. repandum. Spring-flowering, tuberous orchid for a cool greenhouse. H 24in Solanum betaceum.
perennial. H to 4in (10cm), S 4–6in (10– (60cm). In early summer bears pendent COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE
15cm). Has heart-shaped, jagged-toothed, spikes of olive-green flowers, 1in (2.5cm) CYPHOSTEMMA C
dark green leaves with lighter patterns. wide, overlaid with purple and with purple Genus of architectural perennials, grown
Bears fragrant, slender, reddish-purple lips. Has semi-rigid, broadly oval leaves, to for their large heads of flowers. The plant VITACEAE
flowers. Z7–9 H9–7. 12in (30cm) long. Needs partial shade in described is grown both as a vegetable and
C. rohlfsianum, illus. p.426. summer. Z12–15 H12–6. as a decorative border plant. Requires sun Genus of deciduous, perennial succulents
C. trochopteranthum. See C. alpinum. C. elegans, syn. Cyperorchis elegans, illus. and fertile, well-drained soil. Propagate by with very thick, fleshy, almost woody
p.467. Evergreen, epiphytic orchid for a seed or division in spring. caudices and branches. Leaf undersides
Cyclobothra lutea. See Calochortus cool greenhouse. H 30in (75cm). Dense, C. cardunculus, illus. p.216. often exude droplets of resin. Needs full
barbatus. pendent sprays of fragrant, tubular, yellow sun and very well-drained soil. Keep dry in
flowers, 11/2in (4cm) across, are produced CYNOGLOSSUM winter. Is difficult to grow. Propagate
CYDONIA in early summer. Has narrowly oval leaves, by seed in spring.
to 24in (60cm) long. Requires partial shade Hound’s tongue C. bainesii, syn. Cissus bainesii.
ROSACEAE in summer. Z12–15 H12–6. BORAGINACEAE Deciduous, perennial succulent. H and
C. grandiflorum. See C. hookerianum. S 24in (60cm). Has a thick, swollen, bottle-
Genus of one species of deciduous, spring- C. hookerianum, syn. C. grandiflorum. Genus of annuals, biennials and perennials, shaped trunk, often unbranched, covered
flowering tree, grown for its flowers and Evergreen, epiphytic orchid for a cool grown for their long flowering period from in peeling, papery, yellow bark. Fleshy,
fruits, which are used as a flavoring and for greenhouse. H 30in (75cm). In winter late spring to early fall. Needs sun and fertile silvery-green leaves, with deeply serrated
preserves. Grow against a south- or west- produces sprays of deep green flowers, 3in but not over-rich soil. Propagate by division edges, are divided into 3 oval leaflets,
facing wall at the limits of hardiness. (8cm) across, each with a hairy, brown- in spring or by seed in fall or spring. silver-haired when young. Bears tiny, cup-
Requires sun and fertile, well-drained soil. spotted, creamy-white lip. Narrowly oval C. amabile ‘Firmament’, illus. p.315. shaped, yellow-green flowers in summer,
Propagate species by seed in fall, cultivars leaves are up to 24in (60cm) long. Grow in then grapelike, red fruits. Z13–15 H12–10.
by softwood cuttings in summer. Mildew, partial shade in summer. Z14–15 H12–6. CYPELLA C. juttae, syn. Cissus juttae, illus. p.487.
brown rot and fireblight are sometimes a C. King’s Loch gx ‘Cooksbridge’.
problem. Evergreen, epiphytic orchid for a cool IRIDACEAE CYPRIPEDIUM 555
C. oblonga (Common quince). Z5–9 H9–3. greenhouse. H 24in (60cm). Sprays of green
‘Lusitanica’ is a deciduous, spreading flowers, 2in (5cm) across and each with a Genus of summer-flowering bulbs, grown Lady’s slipper
tree. H and S 15ft (5m). Broadly oval, dark purple-marked, white lip, open in spring. for their short-lived, iris-like flowers that
green leaves are gray-felted beneath. Has a Leaves are narrowly oval and up to 24in have 3 large, spreading outer petals and ORCHIDACEAE
profusion of large, 5-petaled, pale pink (60cm) long. Provide partial shade 3 small, incurved inner ones. May survive
flowers in late spring, followed by fragrant, in summer. Z12–15 H12–6. outdoors in marginal areas if planted near See also ORCHIDS.
pear-shaped, deep yellow fruits. ‘Vranja’ C. Pontac gx ‘Mont Millais’. Evergreen, a sunny wall. Needs full sun and well- C. acaule (Pink lady’s-slipper). Deciduous,
illus. p.88. epiphytic orchid for a cool greenhouse. drained soil. Lift bulbs when dormant; terrestrial orchid. H to 16in (40cm).
C. sinensis. See Pseudocydonia sinensis. H 30in (75cm). In spring bears sprays of partially dry off in winter. Propagate by Yellowish-green or purple flowers, 11/2–
rich deep red flowers, 3in (8cm) across, seed in spring. 21/2in (4–6cm) long, each with a pouched,
Cylindropuntia tunicata. See Opuntia edged and marked with white. Has C. herbertii, illus. p.412. pink or white lip, are borne singly in
tunicata. narrowly oval leaves, to 24in (60cm) long. spring–summer. Has broadly lance-shaped,
Needs partial shade in summer. Z14–15 Cyperorchis elegans. See Cymbidium pleated leaves, 4–12in (10–30cm) long.
CYMBALARIA H12–6. elegans. Prefers partial shade. Z3–7 H7–1.
C. Portelet Bay gx, illus. p.466. C. calceolus. Deciduous, terrestrial
SCROPHULARIACEAE/PLANTAGINACEAE Evergreen, epiphytic orchid for a cool CYPERUS orchid. H 30in (75cm). In spring–summer
greenhouse. H 30in (75cm). Red-lipped, bears paired or solitary yellow-pouched,
Genus of annuals, biennials and short- white flowers, 4in (10cm) across, are borne CYPERACEAE purple flowers, 11_4–3in (3–7cm) long.
lived perennials, related to Linaria, grown in sprays in spring. Has narrowly oval Broadly lance-shaped leaves, 2–8in
for their tiny flowers on slender stems. leaves, to 24in (60cm) long. Provide partial See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES (5–20cm) long, are arranged in a spiral up
Is good for rock gardens, walls and shade in summer. H11–6. and SEDGES. stem. Stems and leaves are slightly hairy.
banks, but may be invasive. Needs shade C. Strathbraan gx. Evergreen, epiphytic C. albostriatus, syn. C. diffusus, C. Prefers partial shade. Z3–7 H7–1. var.
and moist soil. Propagate by seed in fall. orchid for a cool greenhouse. H 24in elegans. Evergreen, perennial sedge. H 24in pubescens. See C. pubescens.
Self-seeds readily. (60cm). In spring produces slightly arching (60cm), S indefinite. Stem has prominently C. macranthon. See C. macranthos.
C. muralis (Ivy-leaved toadflax, spikes of off-white flowers, 2in (5cm) veined, mid-green leaves and, in summer, C. macranthos, syn. C. macranthon.
Kenilworth ivy). Spreading perennial. across, with red marks on each lip. Leaves up to 8 leaflike, green bracts surrounding a Deciduous, terrestrial orchid. H 20in
H 2in (5cm), S 5in (12cm). Bears small, well-branched umbel of brown spikelets. (50cm). Pouched, violet or purplish-red
Z10–11 H11–4. ‘Variegatus’ has white- flowers, 11/2–21/2in (4–6cm) long, usually
striped leaves and bracts.

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borne singly, are produced in spring– shaped, grayish-green, basal leaves, C. demissus. See Chamaecytisus D
summer. Stems and oval leaves, 11/2–3in twisted lengthwise. Produces a head of up demissus.
(4–7cm) long, are slightly hairy. Prefers to 12 pendent, tubular, red-and-yellow C. ‘Firefly’. Deciduous, bushy shrub with DABOECIA
partial shade. Z3–7 H7–1. flowers, 3in (7cm) long. Z10–11 H11–10. slender, arching shoots. H and S 5–6ft
C. pubescens, syn. C. calceolus var. C. parviflorus. See C. brachyscyphus. (1.5–2m). Small, mid-green leaves are Irish heath
pubescens. Deciduous, terrestrial orchid. C. purpureus. See C. elatus. oblong and have 3 tiny leaflets. Produces
H 30in (75cm). Has large, purple-marked, C. sanguineus. Clump-forming, summer- masses of yellow flowers, marked with red, ERICACEAE
greenish-yellow flowers, 3–4in (8–10cm) flowering bulb. H 12–20in (30–50cm), from late spring to early summer. Z6–9
long, in spring–summer. Large, broadly S 5–6in (12–15cm). Has semierect, strap- H9–6. See also HEATHERS.
lance-shaped leaves, 6–8in (15–20cm) long, shaped, bright green, basal leaves. Sturdy C. x kewensis. Deciduous, arching shrub. D. azorica (Azores heath). Evergreen,
are arranged in a spiral up stem. Stems and stem bears 1 or 2 long-tubed, scarlet H 1ft (30cm), S to 6ft (2m). Has leaves, each compact shrub. H to 6in (15cm), S to 24in
leaves are hairy. Prefers partial shade. Z3–7 flowers, 3–4in (8–10cm) long. Z10–11 composed of 3 tiny leaflets, along downy (60cm). Lance-shaped leaves are dark
H7–1. H11–10. stems. In late spring bears creamy-white green above, silver-gray beneath. Urn-
C. reginae, illus. p.466. Deciduous, flowers. Is good for a bank or large rock to bell-shaped, vivid red flowers are borne
terrestrial orchid. H to 3ft (1m). In spring– CYRTOMIUM garden. Z6–8 H8–6. in late spring or early summer. Z6–8 H8–6.
summer, white flowers, 3/4–2in (2–5cm) C. leucanthus. See Chamaecytisus albus. D. cantabrica (Cantabrian heath, Irish
long, each with a pouched, white-streaked, DRYOPTERIDACEAE C. nigricans, syn. Lembotropis nigricans, heath, St. Dabeoc’s heath). Evergreen,
pink lip, are borne singly or in groups of illus. p.160. straggling shrub. H to 18in (45cm), S 24in
2 or 3. Stem and oval leaves, 4–10in Genus of evergreen ferns. Does best in C. x praecox (Broom). ‘Allgold’ illus. (60cm). Top growth may be damaged by
(10–25cm) long, are hairy. Prefers partial partial shade and rich, moist soil. Remove p.148. ‘Warminster’ illus. p.148. frost and cold winds, but plants respond
shade. Z2–7 H7–1. fading fronds. Propagate by division in C. purpureus. See Chamaecytisus well to hard pruning and produce new
C. Ulla Silkens gx, illus. p.256. spring or summer or by spores in summer. purpureus. growth from base. Leaves are lance-shaped
C. falcatum, illus. p.291. C. racemosus of gardens. See Genista to oval, dark green above, silver-gray
CYRILLA C. fortunei, syn. Phanerophlebia fortunei. x spachiana. beneath. Bears bell- to urn-shaped,
Evergreen fern. H 24in (60cm), S 16in C. scoparius (Scotch broom). single or double, white, purple or mauve
CYRILLACEAE (40cm). Has erect, dull, pale green fronds, f. andreanus, illus. p.162. subsp. flowers from late spring to mid-fall. Z6–8
12–24in (30–60cm) long, with broadly maritimus, syn. C. scoparius var. H8–6. ‘Bicolor’ (illus. p.166) bears white,
Genus of one very variable species of sickle-shaped pinnae, 1–2in (2.5–5cm) long. prostratus is a decidous, prostrate shrub purple and striped flowers on the same
deciduous or evergreen shrub, grown for Z7–10 H10–7. forming dense mounds of interlocking plant. ‘Praegerae’, H 14in (35cm), has
its flowers in late summer and fall. Prefers shoots. H 8in (20cm) S 4–6ft (1.2–2m). Small glowing, deep pink flowers. subsp.
full sun and needs peaty, acidic soil. CYSTOPTERIS gray-green leaves usually have 3 oblong scotia. See D. x scotica.‘Snowdrift’
Propagate by semiripe cuttings in summer. leaflets, but may be reduced to a single has bright green foliage and long racemes
C. racemiflora (Leatherwood). WOODSIACEAE leaflet. Has masses of golden-yellow of large, white flowers.
Deciduous or evergreen, bushy shrub. flowers in late spring and early summer. D. x scotica, syn. D. cantabrica subsp.
H and S 4ft (1.2m). Oblong, glossy, dark Genus of deciduous ferns, suitable for rock Z6–8 H8–6. var. prostratus. See scotia. Evergreen, compact shrub. H to 6in
green leaves redden in fall. Slender spires gardens. Prefers partial shade and soil that C. scoparius subsp. maritimus. (15cm), S to 2ft (60cm). Lance-shaped to
of small, 5-petaled, white flowers are borne never dries out. Remove fronds as they C. supinus. See Chamaecytisus supinus. oval leaves are dark green above, silver-
in late summer and fall. Z6–9 H9–5. fade. Propagate by division in spring, by C. ‘Windlesham Ruby’. Deciduous, gray beneath. Bears bell- to urn-shaped,
spores in summer or by bulbils when bushy shrub with slender, arching shoots. white, purple or mauve flowers from late
C CYRTANTHUS available. H and S 5–6ft (1.5–2m). Small, mid-green spring to mid-fall. Z6–8 H8–6. ‘Jack
C. bulbifera (Bulblet bladder fern). leaves have 3 oblong leaflets. Large, rich Drake’, H 8in (20cm), has small, dark
556 AMARYLLIDACEAE Deciduous fern. H 6in (15cm), S 9in (23cm). red flowers are borne in profusion in late green leaves and ruby-colored flowers.
Broadly lance-shaped, much-divided, spring and early summer. Z7–9 H9–7. ‘Silverwells’ has small, bright green
Genus of bulbs with brightly colored dainty, pale green fronds produce tiny C. ‘Zeelandia’. Deciduous, bushy leaves and large, white flowers. ‘William
flowers, usually in summer. Requires full bulbils along their length. Propagate by shrub with slender, arching shoots. H and Buchanan’, H 18in (45cm), is a vigorous
sun and free-draining, light soil. In frost- bulbils as soon as mature. Z4–8 H8–1. S 5–6ft (1.5–2m). Small, mid-green leaves cultivar with dark green leaves and deep
free areas, may flower for much of the year. C. dickieana. Deciduous fern. H 6in have 3 oblong leaflets. Has masses of purple flowers.
Plant in spring. Water freely in the growing (15cm), S 9in (23cm). Has broadly lance- bicolored, creamy-white and lilac-pink
season. Propagate by seed or offsets in shaped, divided, delicate, pale green flowers from late spring to early summer. DACTYLIS
spring. fronds, with oblong, blunt, indented Z6–9 H9–6.
C. brachyscyphus, syn. C. parviflorus, pinnae, that arch downward. Z2–7 H7–1. GRAMINEAE/POACEAE
illus. p.423. C. fragilis (Brittle bladder fern).
C. breviflorus, syn. Anoiganthus Deciduous fern. H 6in (15cm), S 9in (23cm). See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES
breviflorus, Anoiganthus luteus. Clump- Broadly lance-shaped, pale green fronds and SEDGES.
forming, summer-flowering bulb. H 8–12in are delicate and much divided into oblong, D. glomerata. ‘Variegata’ is an
(20–30cm), S 3–4in (8–10cm). Has semierect, pointed, indented pinnae. Z4–8 H8–1. evergreen, tuft-forming, perennial grass.
narrowly strap-shaped, basal leaves. H 3ft (1m), S 8–10in (20–25cm). Silver-
Leafless flower stem bears up to 6 funnel- CYTISUS striped, red-green leaves arise from tufted
shaped, yellow flowers, 3/4–11/4in (2–3cm) rootstock. In summer bears panicles of
long. Prefers a warm, sheltered situation. Broom densely clustered, awned, purplish-green
Z10–11 H11–10. spikelets. Z5–9 H9–5.
C. elatus, syn. C. purpureus, Vallota LEGUMINOSAE/PAPILIONACEAE
speciosa. Clump-forming, summer- DACTYLORHIZA
flowering bulb. H 12–20in (30–50cm), Genus of deciduous or evergreen shrubs,
S 5–6in (12–15cm). Bears semierect, widely grown for their abundant, pealike flowers. ORCHIDACEAE
strap-shaped, bright green, basal leaves. Prefers full sun and fertile, but not over-
Sturdy stem produces a head of up to 5 rich, well-drained soil. Resents being See also ORCHIDS.
widely funnel-shaped, scarlet flowers, 3–4in transplanted. Propagate species by D. elata, syn. Orchis elata (Marsh orchid).
(8–10cm) long. Makes an excellent house semiripe cuttings in summer or by seed Deciduous, terrestrial orchid. H 31/2ft
plant. Z8–10 H10–8. in fall, hybrids and cultivars by semiripe (1.1m). Spikes of pink or purple flowers,
C. mackenii. Clump-forming, summer- cuttings in late summer. Some species are 1/2–3/4in (1–2cm) long, are borne in spring–
flowering bulb. H 12–16in (30–40cm), considered invasive; check with local summer. Lance-shaped leaves, 6–10in (15–
S 3–4in (8–10cm). Bears semierect, strap- 25cm) long, are spotted with brownish-
shaped, basal leaves. Leafless stems each experts before planting. T All parts, purple and arranged spirally on stem.
bear an umbel of up to 10 fragrant, tubular, Requires shade outdoors; keep pot plants
white flowers, 2in (5cm) long and slightly especially the seeds, may cause mild partially shaded in summer. Z6–8 H8–6.
curved. Z11 H11–6. var. cooperi illus. stomach upset if ingested. D. foliosa, syn. D. maderensis, Orchis
p.412. illus. p.412 C. albua. See Chamaecytisus albus. maderensis, illus. p.265.
C. obliquus. Clump-forming, summer- C. ardoinii. See C. ardoinoi. D. maderensis. See D. foliosa.
flowering bulb. H 8–24in (20–60cm), S 5–6in C. ardoinoi, syn. C. ardoinii, illus. p.372.
(12–15cm). Bears semierect, widely strap- C. battandieri, syn. Argyrocytisus
battandieri, illus. p.116.
C. x beanii, illus. p.335.
C. canariensis of gardens. See Genista
x spachiana.

Free ebooks ==> www.ebook777.com DAHLIA

DAHLIA Group 7 Produces dark purple leaves and open- D. ‘Coltness Gem’. Well-branched, erect, D
Pompon dahlias; not exceeding 2in (5cm)  centered, single, orange-blushed, golden bushy, tuberous perennial, grown as an
COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE in diameter. flowers from mid-summer to fall. Z9–11 annual. H and S 18in (45cm). Has deeply 557
H11–1. lobed leaves and daisylike, single flower
Genus of bushy, summer- and fall-flowering, D. ‘Akita’ (illus. p. 398). Miscellaneous D. ‘B.J. Beauty’ (illus. p.396). Medium- heads in many colors throughout summer
tuberous perennials, grown as bedding dahlia. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). In summer flowered decorative dahlia. H 4ft (1.2m), until fall frosts. Z9–11 H12–1.
plants or for their flower heads, which are and fall produces dark crimson to red S 2ft (60cm). Double, white flowers are D. ‘Comet’ (illus. p. 398). Anemone dahlia.
good for cutting or exhibition. Dwarf forms flowers, to 5in (13cm) across, with yellow borne on strong stems in summer–fall. H 31/2ft (1.1m), S 2ft (60cm). Leaves are
are used for mass-planting and are also centers. The reverses of the petals are Z9–11 H11–1. glossy, dark green. Dark red flowers are
suitable for containers. Needs a sunny tipped white. Z9–11 H11–1. D. ‘Black Narcissus’ (illus. p. 398). produced in summer–fall. Z9–11 H11–1.
position and well-drained soil. All apart D. ‘Alva’s Supreme’ (illus. p. 398). Giant- Medium-flowered semi-cactus dahlia. D. ‘Cornel’ (illus. p.397). Small-flowered
from dwarf forms require staking. After flowered decorative dahlia. H 4ft (1.2m), H 5ft (1.5m), S 2ft (60cm). Produces ball dahlia. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). Deep
flowering, lift tubers and store in a frost-free S 2ft (60cm). Produces yellow flowers in intensely dark red blooms in summer–fall. maroon-red flowers are produced from
place; replant once all frost danger has summer–fall. Is suitable for exhibition. Z9–11 H11–1. mid-summer to fall. Z9–11 H11–1.
passed. In frost-free areas, plants may be left Z9–11 H11–1. D. ‘Brian’s Dream’ (illus. p.397). D. ‘Cottesmore’. Medium-flowered
in ground as normal herbaceous perennials, D. ‘Anniversary Ball’, syn. D. ‘Brookfield Miniature-flowered decorative dahlia. water-lily dahlia. H 31/2ft (1.1m), S 2ft
but they benefit from regular propagation to Enid’. Miniature ball dahlia. H 3ft (1m), S 2ft H 3–4ft (1–1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). Produces (60cm). Produces purplish-pink flowers,
maintain vigor. Propagate dwarf forms (60cm). Produces lilac and pink flowers in creamy-white flowers with the tips of the with yellow shading at the petal bases,
by seed sown under glass in late winter, summer–fall. Z9–11 H12–1. petals suffused purplish-pink, in summer– in summer–fall. Z9–11 H12–1.
others in spring by seed, basal shoot D. ‘Appetiser’. Small-flowered semi- fall. Z9–11 H11–1. D. ‘Currant Cream’. Small ball dahlia.
cuttings or division of tubers. Dahlias may cactus dahlia. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). D. ‘Brookfield Enid’. See D. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). In summer–fall
be subject to attack by aphids, red spider Produces yellow-and-pink flowers in ‘Anniversary Ball’. produces dark pink flowers with the pink-
mite and thrips. In recent years, powdery summer–fall. Z9–11 H12–1. D. ‘Butterball’. Miniature-flowered and-white petal bases. Is good for cutting.
mildew has become a problem in certain D. ‘Arabian Night’ (illus. p.397). Small- decorative dahlia. H 2ft (60cm), S 1ft (30cm). Z9–11 H12–1.
areas, and spraying is essential. Dahlias also flowered decorative dahlia. H 4ft (1.2m), Produces bright yellow flowers in early D. Dahlietta Series ‘Surprise Kelly’,
succumb quickly to virus infection. See also S 11/2ft (50cm). Has dark green leaves. summer. Z9–11 H12–1. illus. p.327.
feature panel pp.396–98. Double, dark burgundy-red flowers are D. ‘Café au Lait’ (illus. p.396). Giant- D. ‘Dancing Queen’. Small-flowered
borne in summer–fall. Z9–11 H11–1. flowered decorative dahlia. H 36in (90cm), semi-cactus dahlia. H 31/2ft (1.1m), S 2ft
Border dahlias D. ‘Aranka’. Collerette dahlia. H 4ft S 24in (60cm). Cream flowers that merge (60cm). In summer–fall produces pink
Prolific and long-flowering, various species (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). Produces flowers, into pale peach in centers are borne from flowers, with deeper pink centers. Petals
of Dahlia have been hybridized and, with with white-tipped, dark pink outer petals, mid-summer to fall. Z9–11 H11–1. are primrose-yellow at the bases. Z9–11
constant breeding and selection, have white inner petals and yellow centers, in D. ‘Cameo’. Small-flowered water-lily H12–1.
developed into many forms and have a summer–fall. Z9–11 H12–1. dahlia. H 30in (75cm), S 18in (45cm). Cream D. ‘Dandy’, illus. p.327.
wide color range (although there is no D. ‘Autumn Fairy’. Miniature-flowered flowers, with yellow bases, are produced D. ‘Davenport Sunlight’. Medium-
blue). Shoots may be stopped, or pinched semi-cactus dahlia. H 16in (40cm), S 12in from mid-summer to fall. Z9–11 H12–1. flowered semi-cactus dahlia. H 4ft (1.2m),
out, to promote vigorous growth and (30cm). Soft orange flowers, with darker D. ‘Candy Cupid’. Miniature ball dahlia. S 2ft (60cm). Has bright yellow flowers
a bushy shape. Spread measurements centers, are produced from mid-summer H 31/2ft (1.1m), S 2ft (60cm). In summer and in summer–fall. Is good for exhibition.
depend on the amount of stopping carried to fall. Z9–11 H12–1. fall bears lavender-pink flowers that are Z9–11 H12–1.
out and the time at which it is done: early D. ‘Avoca Cree’. Small-flowered semi- good for exhibition. Z9–11 H12–1. D. ‘Deborah’s Kiwi’. Small-flowered
stopping encourages a broader shape, cactus dahlia. H 5ft (1.5m), S 2ft (60cm). D. ‘Carolina Moon’ (illus. p.397). Small- cactus dahlia. H 31/2ft (1.1m), S 2ft (60cm).
stopping later in the growing season Produces masses of bright orange flowers flowered decorative dahlia. H 4ft (1.2m), Produces pink flowers, with white bases to
results in a taller plant with much less in summer–fall. Is good for cutting. Z9–11 S 2ft (60cm). Lilac-edged, white flowers the petals, in summer–fall. Z9–11 H12–1.
spread, even in the same cultivar. Leaves H12–1. are produced from mid-summer to fall. D. ‘Demi Schneider’. Collerette dahlia.
are generally mid-green and divided into D. ‘Avoca Kiowa’. Small-flowered semi- Z9–11 H11–1. H 5ft (1.5m), S 2ft (60cm). In summer–fall
oval leaflets, some with rounded tips and cactus dahlia. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). D. ‘Charlie Dimmock’ (illus. p. 398). produces single, red flowers with yellow
some with toothed margins. Each flower Produces masses of lavender-tipped, pale Small-flowered water-lily dahlia. H 51/2ft centers. Z9–11 H12–1.
head is referred to horticulturally as a yellow flowers in summer–fall. Is good for (1.6m), S 2ft (60cm). Produces apricot D. ‘Downham Royal’. Miniature-
flower, even though it does in fact comprise cutting. Z9–11 H12–1. flowers on a pale yellow ground, in flowered ball dahlia. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft
a large number of individual flowers. This D. ‘Barry Williams’. Medium-flowered summer–fall. Z9–11 H11–1. (60cm). Produces deep claret-red flowers
horticultural usage has been followed in decorative dahlia. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). D. ‘Chat Noir’. Medium-flowered semi- from mid-summer to fall. Z9–11 H12–1.
the descriptions below. All forms with Bears pink-and-yellow flowers in summer– cactus dahlia. H 3ft (1m), S 2ft (60cm). D. ‘Dutch Triumph’. Large-flowered
flower heads to 6in (15cm) across are fall. Z9–11 H12–1. Produces deep reddish-black flowers water-lily dahlia. H 31/2ft (1.1m), S 2ft
suitable for cutting; those suitable for D. ‘Berwick Wood’ (illus. p.397). from mid-summer to fall. Z9–11 H12–1. (60cm). Bears yellow-pink flowers in
exhibition are so noted. Medium-flowered decorative dahlia. D. ‘Cherokee Beauty’. Giant-flowered summer–fall. Z9–11 H12–1.
H 41/2ft (1.3m), S 2ft (60cm). In summer–fall decorative dahlia. H 41/2ft (1.3m), S 24–32in D. ‘East Anglian’. Small-flowered
Groups and flower sizes produces dark-centered, purple flowers on (60–80cm). In summer–fall has pink flowers. decorative dahlia. H 3ft (1m), S 2ft (60cm).
Dahlias are divided into groups, according strong stems. Z9–11 H11–1. Z9–11 H12–1. Has orange-yellow flowers in summer–fall.
to the size and type of their flower heads, D. ‘Bicentenary’. Medium-flowered D. ‘Cherwell Skylark’. Small-flowered Z9–11 H12–1.
although the latter may vary in color decorative dahlia. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). semi-cactus dahlia. H 3ft (1m), S 20–24in D. ‘Easter Sunday’. Collerette dahlia.
and shape depending on soil and weather In summer–fall produces dark orange (50–60cm). Bears orange-flushed, salmon- H 3ft (1m), S 2ft (60cm). Leaves are glossy,
conditions. The groups are: (1) single; flowers, fading to pale orange at the tips. pink blooms in summer–fall. Z9–11 H12–1. dark green. Flowers have white, inner and
(2) anemone; (3) collerette; (4) water-lily; Is good for cutting. Z9–11 H12–1. D. ‘Chimborazo’ (illus. p. 398). Collerette outer petals and dark yellow centers, in
(5) decorative; (6) ball; (7) pompon; (8) cactus; D. ‘Biddenham Sunset’ (illus. p. 398). dahlia. H 31/2ft (1.1m), S 2ft (60cm). Leaves summer–fall. Is good for exhibition. Z9–11
(9) semi-cactus; (10) miscellaneous; Small-flowered decorative dahlia. H 31/2ft are glossy, dark green. Flowers have red, H12–1.
(11) fimbriated; (12) single orchid; (13) double (1.1m), S 2ft (60cm). Orange-red flowers outer petals and yellow, inner petals, in D. ‘Ellen Huston’ (illus. p. 398). Dwarf
orchid. For illustrations and descriptions are borne in mid-summer and fall. Z9–11 summer–fall. Is good for exhibition. Z9–11 bedding dahlia. H 16in (40cm), S 18in
see p.396. Certain groups have been H11–1. H11–1. (45cm). Has dark bronzed leaves and
subdivided; flower sizes are as follows: D. ‘Bishop of Auckland’ (illus. p.397). D. ‘Clair de Lune’. Collerette dahlia. produces rich orange flowers from mid-
Single dahlia. H 32in (80cm), S 18in (45cm). H 31/2ft (1.1m), S 2ft (60cm). Flowers have summer to fall. Z9–11 H11–1.
Groups 4, 5, 8 and 9 Produces matt, blackish-green leaves and lemon-yellow, outer petals and paler D. ‘Embrace’. Small-flowered cactus
A—giant-flowered; usually over 10in open-centered, single, dusky-red flowers yellow, inner petals, in summer–fall. Is dahlia. H 31/2ft (1.1m), S 2ft (60cm). Pale
(25cm) in diameter. B—large-flowered; from mid-summer to fall. Z9–11 H11–1. good for exhibition. Z9–11 H12–1. orange flowers are borne from mid-
usually 8–10in (20–25cm) in diameter. D. ‘Bishop of Llandaff’ (illus. p. 398). D. coccinea (illus. p.397). Tuberous-rooted summer to fall. Z9–11 H12–1.
C—medium-flowered; usually 6–8in Miscellaneous dahlia. H 3ft (1m), S 18in herbaceous perennial. H 6–10ft (2–3m), D. ‘Eveline’ (illus. p.396). Small-flowered
(15–20cm) in diameter. D—small-flowered; (45cm). Has bronze-green leaves and S 3–6ft (1–2m). From summer to late fall decorative dahlia. H 3ft (1m), S 2ft (60cm).
usually 4–6in (10–15cm) in diameter. open-centered, semidouble, dark red produces sprays of single, yellow, orange- White flowers, with a touch of purple at the
E—miniature-flowered; usually not flowers in summer–fall. Is excellent as red, maroon or purple-red flowers, 2–3in centers and petal tips, are produced from
exceeding 4in (10cm) in diameter. a bedding plant. Z9–11 H11–1. (5–8cm) across. Is a parent of many garden mid-summer to fall. Z9–11 H11–1.
D. ‘Bishop of York’ (illus. p. 398). Single dahlias. Z9–11 H11–1. D. ‘Fascination’. Dwarf miscellaneous
Group 6 dahlia. H 32in (80cm), S 18in (45cm).
A—small ball dahlias; usually 4–6in
(10–15cm) in diameter. B—miniature ball
dahlias; usually 2–4in (5–10cm) in diameter.

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D dahlia. H 18in (45cm), S 12in (30cm). Has flowers in summer–fall. Is good for D. ‘Jescot Julie’. Double orchid dahlia. D. ‘Marie Schnugg’. Single orchid
light purple flowers in summer–fall. Is exhibition. Z9–11 H11–1. H 24in (60cm), S 18in (45cm). Has sparse, dahlia. H 31/2ft (1.1m), S 2ft (60cm). Bears
558 useful for bedding. Z9–11 H12–1. D. HAPPY SINGLE FIRST LOVE (‘HS First mid-green foliage and orange-purple star-like, red flowers in summer–fall. Is
D. ‘Franz Kafka’ (illus. p.397). Miniature- Love’), illus. p. 398. Single dahlia. H 24in flowers, with purple-backed petals, in good as a border plant as well as for
flowered pompon dahlia. H 32in (80cm), (60cm), S 18in (45cm). Produces dark purple summer–fall. Z9–11 H12–1. cutting. Z9–11 H12–1.
S 22in (55cm). Produces lilac flowers from leaves. Peach flowers, with a central red D. ‘Jim Branigan’. Large-flowered semi- D. ‘Mark Hardwick’. Giant-flowered
mid-summer to fall. Z9–11 H11–1. ring, are produced from mid-summer to cactus dahlia. H 41/2ft (1.3m), S 2ft (60cm). decorative dahlia. H 31/2ft (1.1m), S 2ft
D. ‘Fusion’. Small-flowered decorative fall. Z9–11 H11–1. Bright red flowers are held well above (60cm). Bears bright, deep yellow flowers,
dahlia. H 3ft (1m), S 2ft (60cm). In D. HAPPY SINGLE JULIET (‘HS Juliet’). the foliage in summer–fall. Is good for on strong stems, in summer–fall. Is good
summer–fall produces white flowers, Single dahlia. H 24in (60cm), S 18in (45cm). exhibition. Z9–11 H12–1. for exhibition. Z9–11 H12–1.
the outer petals flushed pale pink, the Produces fuchsia-pink flowers, from mid- D. ‘Julie One’. Double orchid dahlia. D. ‘Mary Richards’. Small-flowered
inner petals veined purple-violet. summer to fall, and dark purple leaves. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). In summer–fall decorative dahlia. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm).
Has bronze-tinged, dark green foliage. Z9–11 H12–1. produces bronze-purple flowers. Is good In summer–fall produces white flowers
Z9–11 H12–1. D. HAPPY SINGLE KISS (‘HS Kiss’). for cutting. Z9–11 H12–1. strongly suffused lavender-pink. Z9–11
D. ‘Gallery Art Deco’. Miniature- Single dahlia. H 24in (60cm), S 18in (45cm). D. ‘Jura’ (illus. p.396). Small-flowered H12–1.
flowered decorative dahlia. H 12–18in Flowers with salmon-pink petals that blend semi-cactus dahlia. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft D. ‘Mermaid of Zennor’ (illus. p.397).
(30–45cm), S 8in (20cm). Produces dark into yellow at the center with a dark brown (60cm). In summer–fall produces purple- Single dahlia. H 30in (75cm), S 2ft (60cm).
green leaves and bears double, red- eye are produced from mid-summer to fall tipped, white flowers. Z9–11 H11–1. In summer–fall produces lavender flowers
centered, deep orange flowers from above dark purple foliage. Z9–11 H12–1. D. ‘Kaiser Waltzer’. See D. ‘Kaiserwalzer’. above delicate foliage. Is good as a border
mid-summer to fall. Z9–11 H12–1. D. HAPPY SINGLE ROMEO (‘HS Romeo’), D. ‘Kaiserwalzer’, syn. D. ‘Kaiser plant. Z9–11 H11–1.
D. ‘Gallery Art Fair’, illus. p.298. illus. p.306. Waltzer’. Collerette dahlia. H 31/2ft (1.1m), D. ‘Minley Carol’. Pompon dahlia.
D. ‘Gallery Art Nouveau’ (illus. p.397). D. HAPPY SINGLE WINK (‘HS Wink’), S 2ft (60cm). Produces flowers, with large, H 3ft (1m), S 2ft (60cm). Pale orange
Miniature-flowered decorative dahlia. illus. p.311. Single dahlia. H 24in (60cm), red outer petals and narrower, yellow inner flowers, with a hint of red at the petal tips,
H 12–18in (30–45cm), S 8in (20cm). From S 18in (45cm). Produces lilac-pink flowers, petals, in summer–fall. Is good as a border are produced from mid-summer to fall.
mid-summer to fall produces double, pink each with a central, red ring around a dark plant. Z9–11 H12–1. Z9–11 H12–1.
and purple flowers above dark green eye, from mid-summer to fall. Leaves are D. ‘Karma Amanda’. Small-flowered D. ‘Mi Wong’. Pompon dahlia. H 31/2ft
foliage. Z9–11 H11–1. dark purple. decorative dahlia. H 34in (85cm), S 24in (1.1m), S 2ft (60cm). Bears white flowers,
D. ‘Gateshead Festival’. See D. D. ‘Harvest Inflammation’, illus. p.414. (60cm). From mid-summer to fall produces suffused pink, in summer–fall. Is good for
‘Peach Melba’. D. ‘Hayley Jayne’. Small-flowered semi- white flowers with lilac petal tips and exhibition. Z9–11 H12–1.
D. ‘Gay Princess’. Small-flowered cactus dahlia. H 31/2ft (1.1m), S 2ft (60cm). darker lilac coloring extending towards D. ‘Moonfire’. Dwarf, single dahlia.
decorative dahlia. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). Produces flowers that are white at base the base. Z9–11 H12–1. H 18in (45cm), S 12in (30cm). Produces
Produces lilac-lavender flowers in summer– with purple-red tips, in summer–fall. Is D. ‘Karma Choc’ (illus. p.397). Small- dark foliage before yellow-red flowers are
fall. Z9–11 H12–1. good for exhibition. Z9–11 H12–1. flowered decorative dahlia. H 4ft (1.2m), produced in summer–fall. Is very good as
D. ‘Geerling’s Moonlight’. Medium- D. ‘Hexton Copper’ (illus. p. 398). Small S 2ft (60cm). Has black-green leaves. a container plant and in a border. Z9–11
flowered semi-cactus dahlia. H 41/2ft (1.3m), ball dahlia. H 31/2ft (1.1m), S 2ft (60cm). In Velvety, dark maroon flowers are produced H12–1.
S 2ft (60cm). Produces brilliant yellow summer–fall has orange flowers. Z9–11 from mid-summer to fall. Z9–11 H11–1. D. ‘Moonglow’ (illus. p. 398). Large-
flowers in summer–fall. Z9–11 H12–1. H11–1. D. ‘Kathryn’s Cupid’. Miniature ball flowered semi-cactus dahlia. H 3ft (1m),
D. ‘Gerrie Hoek’ (illus. p.397). Small- D. ‘Hillcrest Jessica’ (illus. p.397). Large- dahlia. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). In S 2ft (60cm). Pale creamy-yellow flowers
flowered water-lily dahlia. H 3ft (1m), S 2ft flowered decorative dahlia. H 4ft (1.25m), summer–fall produces peach flowers that are produced from mid-summer to fall.
(60cm). Abundant, rose-pink flowers are S 2ft (60cm). Bears red-purple flowers in are good for exhibition. Z9–11 H12–1. Z9–11 H11–1.
borne on sturdy stems from mid-summer summer–fall. Z9–11 H11–1. D. ‘Kenora Sunset’. Medium-flowered D. ‘Moor Place’. Pompon dahlia. H 3ft
to fall. Z9–11 H11–1. D. ‘Hillcrest Royal’ (illus. p.386). semi-cactus dahlia. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (1m), S 2ft (60cm). Leaves are glossy, dark
D. ‘Gilwood Terry G’. Small-flowered Medium-flowered cactus dahlia. H 31⁄2ft (60cm). Bears bicolored, brilliant red and green. Has red-purple flowers in summer–
semi-cactus dahlia. H 41/2ft (1.3m), S 3–4ft (1.1m), S 2ft (60cm). In summer–fall has rich yellow blooms in summer–fall. Z9–11 fall. Is a good exhibition cultivar. Z9–11
(1–1.2m). Flowers have bronze-tinted, purple flowers, with incurving petals, held H12–1. H12–1.
orange outer petals and yellow inner on strong stems. D. ‘Kenora Superb’ (illus. p.398). Giant- D. ‘Mum’s Lipstick’. Fimbriated cactus
petals, borne in summer–fall. Is excellent D. ‘Hillcrest Ultra’. Small-flowered flowered semi-cactus dahlia. H 4ft (1.2m), dahlia. H 3–4ft (1–1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). Bears
for cutting. Z9–11 H12–1. decorative dahlia. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). S 2ft (60cm). Produces bright orange-and- red-tipped, yellow flowers in summer–fall.
D. ‘Giraffe’. Double orchid dahlia. H 3ft Produces flowers, with pink outer petals yellow flowers in summer–fall. Z9–11 Z9–11 H12–1.
(1m), S 2ft (60cm). In summer–fall has and lemon-yellow inner petals, in summer– H11–1. D. ‘Nargold’. Medium-flowered semi-
spotted, yellow-bronze flowers. Is good fall. Z9–11 H12–1. D. ‘Klondike’, syn. D. ‘Klondyke’. Large- cactus dahlia. H 3ft (90cm), S 2ft (60cm).
for cutting. Z9–11 H12–1. D. ‘Honka’. Single orchid dahlia. H 3–4ft flowered semi-cactus dahlia. H 4ft (1.2m), Produces rich orange flowers, with fringed
D. ‘Glorie van Heemstede’. Small- (1–1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). Has masses of star- S 2ft (60cm). Produces white flowers in petals, from summer to fall. Z9–11 H12–1.
flowered water-lily dahlia. H 41/2ft (1.35m), shaped, bright yellow flowers, with darker summer–fall. Z9–11 H12–1. D. ‘Natal’ (illus. p.397). Pompon dahlia.
S 2ft (60cm). Clear yellow flowers are yellow centers, in summer–fall. Is good for D. ‘Klondyke’. See D. ‘Klondike’. H 3ft (90cm), S 2ft (60cm). Dark red flowers
produced on sturdy stems from mid- cutting. Z9–11 H12–1. D. ‘Lakeland Sunset’. Small-flowered are produced from mid-summer to fall.
summer to fall. Z9–11 H12–1. D. ‘HS First Love’. See D. HAPPY SINGLE cactus dahlia. H 51/2ft (1.65m), S 2ft (60cm). Z9–11 H11–1.
D. ‘Grenidor Pastelle’. Medium- FIRST LOVE. Bears yellow-orange flowers, with brighter D. ‘New Dimension’ (illus. p.397). Small-
flowered semi-cactus dahlia. H 41/2ft (1.3m), D. ‘HS Juliet’. See D. HAPPY SINGLE JULIET. yellow centers, in late summer–fall. Is good flowered semi-cactus dahlia. H 30in (75cm),
S 2ft (60cm). Bears salmon-pink flowers, D. ‘HS Kiss’. See D. HAPPY SINGLE KISS. for cutting. Z9–11 H12–1. S 16in (40cm). Produces light rose-pink
with cream petal bases, in summer–fall. D. ‘HS Romeo’. See D. HAPPY SINGLE D. ‘Lavender Athalie’. Small-flowered flowers, with pale yellow centers, from
Is good for exhibition. Z9–11 H12–1. ROMEO. cactus dahlia. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). Has mid-summer to fall. Z9–11 H11–1.
D. ‘Gwyneth’. Small-flowered water-lily D. ‘HS Wink’. See D. HAPPY SINGLE WINK. glossy, dark green leaves and bears soft D. ‘Noreen’. Pompon dahlia. H 3ft (1m),
dahlia. H 6ft (1.8m), S 2ft (60cm). Bears D. ‘Jaldec Joker’. Small-flowered semi- lilac-lavender flowers in summer–fall. Is S 2ft (60cm). In summer–fall produces
bronze-tinted, orange flowers in summer– cactus dahlia. H 31/2ft (1.1m), S 2ft (60cm). In good for exhibition. Z9–11 H12–1. dark pinkish-purple flowers. Is good for
fall. Is good for cutting. Z9–11 H12–1. summer–fall has bright orange-red flowers, D. ‘Lilac Marston’ (illus. p.397). exhibition. Z9–11 H12–1.
D. ‘Hamari Accord’ (illus. p. 398). Large- shading to yellow at the bases. Petals are Miniature-flowered decorative dahlia. D. ‘NZ’s Robert’. Miniature water-lily
flowered semi-cactus dahlia. H 4ft (1.2m), tipped white. Z9–11 H12–1. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). Bears warm lilac dahlia. H 20in (50cm), S 12in (30cm).
S 2ft (60cm). Has clear yellow flowers held D. ‘Jeanette Carter’. Miniature-flowered flowers from mid-summer to fall. Z9–11 Produces red-pink flowers, with greeny-
on strong stems in summer–fall. Is good for decorative dahlia. H 31/2ft (1.1m), S 2ft H11–1. yellow centers, in summer–fall. Is a good
exhibition. Z9–11 H11–1. (60cm). Bears yellow flowers, sometimes D. ‘Lilac Time’. Medium-flowered container plant. Z9–11 H12–1.
D. ‘Hamari Gold’ (illus. p. 398). Giant- flushed pink in the centers, in summer–fall. decorative dahlia. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). D. ‘Onesta’. Small-flowered water-lily
flowered decorative dahlia. H 31/2ft (1.1m), Z9–11 H12–1. Produces white-edged, lilac flowers from dahlia. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). Produces
S 2ft (60cm). Has golden orange-bronze D. ‘Jean Fairs’. Miscellaneous dahlia. mid-summer to fall. Z9–11 H12–1. masses of flowers, with dark pink inner
flowers in summer–fall. Is suitable for H 41/2ft (1.3m), S 2ft (60cm). In summer–fall D. ‘Mabel Ann’. Giant-flowered petals fading to pale pink outer petals, in
exhibition. Z9–11 H11–1. produces semidouble, orange-yellow decorative dahlia. H 3ft (1m), S 2ft (60cm). summer–fall. Is good for cutting. Z9–11
D. ‘Hamari Katrina’ (illus. p. 398). Large- flowers, the yellow outer petals strongly Apricot flowers, with pale yellow centers, H12–1.
flowered semi-cactus dahlia. H 4ft (1.2m), flushed orange, the inner petals orange- are produced from mid-summer to fall. D. ‘Onslow Renown’ (illus. p.398). Large-
S 2ft (60cm). Bears deep butter-yellow red. Z9–11 H12–1. Z9–11 H12–1. flowered semi-cactus dahlia. H 4ft (1.2m),

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S 2ft (60cm). Bears yellowish-orange D. ‘Sascha’ (illus. p.397). Small-flowered H 3ft (1m), S 2ft (60cm). Bright scarlet DANÄE
flowers in summer–fall. Z9–11 H11–1. water-lily dahlia. H 6ft (1.8m), S 2ft (60cm). flowers, with yellow bases, are produced
D. ‘Oosterbeck Remembered’ (illus. Bears bright purple-pink flowers, fading to from mid-summer to fall. Is good for LILIACEAE/ASPARAGACEAE
p. 398). Small-flowered semi-cactus dahlia. paler purple-pink towards the margins, in exhibition. Z9–11 H12–1.
H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). Bears dark summer–fall. Z9–11 H11–1. D. ‘Whale’s Rhonda’. Pompon dahlia. Genus of one species of evergreen shrub,
orange flowers, with bright yellow inner D. ‘Shandy’. Small-flowered semi-cactus H 3ft (1m), S 2ft (60cm). Leaves are glossy, with inconspicuous flowers, grown for its
petals, in summer–fall. Is good for cutting. dahlia. H 31/2ft (1.1m), S 2ft (60cm). very dark green. In summer–fall has bright flattened, leaflike shoots. Grows in sun or
Z9–11 H11–1. Produces pale orange-brown flowers purple flowers. Is good for exhibition. shade and in moist soil. Propagate by seed
D. ‘Orange Berger’s Record’. Medium- in summer–fall. Z9–11 H12–1. Z9–11 H12–1. in fall or by division from fall to spring.
flowered semi-cactus dahlia. H 4ft (1.2m), D. ‘Shirley Alliance’. Small-flowered D. ‘White Alva’s’ (illus. p.396). Giant- D. racemosa (Alexandrian laurel).
S 2ft (60cm). Bears yellowish-orange cactus dahlia. H 41/2ft (1.3m), S 2ft (60cm). flowered decorative dahlia. H 4ft (1.2m), Evergreen, arching, dense shrub. H and
flowers in summer–fall. Z9–11 H12–1. In summer–fall bears soft orange flowers S 2ft (60cm). Produces pure white flowers, S 3ft (1m). Has slender stems, lance-shaped,
D. ‘Park Princess’. Small-flowered with a gold base to each petal. Is good for held well above the foliage on strong leaflike, glossy, green shoots and pointed,
cactus dahlia. H 24in (60cm), S 18in (45cm). exhibition. Z9–11 H12–1. stems, in summer–fall. Is good for glossy, bright green “leaves.” Occasionally
Pink flowers are borne in profusion from D. ‘Sir Alf Ramsey’. Giant-flowered exhibition. Z9–11 H11–1. bears spherical, red berries. Z6–9 H9–2.
mid-summer to fall. Z9–11 H12–1. decorative dahlia. H 31/2ft (1.1m), S 2ft D. ‘White Ballet’ (illus. p.396). Small-
D. ‘Peach Melba’, syn. D. ‘Gateshead (60cm). In summer–fall produces lavender- flowered water-lily dahlia. H 3ft (1m), DAPHNE D
Festival’. Small-flowered decorative dahlia. pink flowers, with white petal bases. Z9–11 S 2ft (60cm). Produces pure white flowers
H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). In summer–fall H12–1. in summer–fall. Z9–11 H11–1. THYMELAEACEAE 559
bears peach to orange flowers with lemon- D. ‘Small World’ (illus. p.396). Pompon D. ‘White Klankstad’ (illus. p.396).
yellow petal bases. Is good for exhibition. dahlia. H 3ft (1m), S 2ft (60cm). Leaves are Small-flowered cactus dahlia. H 31/2–4ft Genus of evergreen, semievergreen or
Z9–11 H12–1. glossy, dark green. Has white flowers in (1.1–1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). Has glossy, dark deciduous shrubs, grown for their usually
D. ‘Pearl of Heemstede’. Small-flowered summer–fall. Is suitable for exhibition. green leaves and white flowers in summer– fragrant, tubular flowers, each with 4
water-lily dahlia. H 3ft (1m), S 18in (45cm). Z9–11 H11–1. fall. Is good for exhibition. Z9–11 H11–1. spreading lobes, and, in some species, for
Produces pale silvery-pink flowers on long, D. ‘Smokey O’. Medium-flowered semi- D. ‘White Moonlight’ (illus. p.396). their foliage or fruits (seeds are poisonous).
thin stems in summer–fall. Is extremely cactus dahlia. H 3–4ft (1–1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). Medium-flowered semi-cactus dahlia. Dwarf species and cultivars are good for
free-flowering. Z9–11 H12–1. Produces dark pink flowers in summer–fall. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). White flowers rock gardens. Most need full sun (although
D. ‘Pink Jupiter’. Giant-flowered semi- Z9–11 H12–1. are produced on sturdy stems from mid- D. alpina, D. arbuscula and D. blagayana
cactus dahlia. H 41/2ft (1.3m), S 2ft (60cm). D. ‘So Dainty’ (illus. p. 398). Miniature- summer to fall. Z9–11 H11–1. may be grown in partial shade and D.
In summer–fall produces deep pinkish- flowered semi-cactus dahlia. H 31/2ft (1.1m), D. ‘Wootton Cupid’ (illus. p.397). laureola tolerates deep shade) and fertile,
mauve flowers. Is good for exhibition. S 2ft (60cm). Produces bronze-colored Miniature ball dahlia. H 31/2–4ft (1.1–1.2m), well-drained but not over-dry soil. Resents
Z9–11 H12–1. flowers in summer–fall that are suitable S 2ft (60cm). Has pink flowers in summer– being transplanted. Propagate species by
D. ‘Pink Shirley Alliance’. Small- for exhibition. Z9–11 H11–1. fall. Is good for exhibition. Z9–11 H11–1. seed when fresh or by semiripe cuttings
flowered cactus dahlia. H 4ft (1.2m), D. ‘Sorbet’ (illus. p.397). Medium- D. ‘Wootton Impact’, (illus. p. 398). in summer, cultivars by cuttings only.
S 2ft (60cm). Has soft lilac-pink flowers flowered semi-cactus dahlia. H 4ft (1.2m), Medium-flowered semi-cactus dahlia. Is susceptible to viruses that cause leaf
in summer–fall. Z9–11 H12–1. S 2ft (60cm). Produces white flowers, with H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). Has flowers in
D. ‘Pink Symbol’. Medium-flowered dark purple-red tips, from mid-summer to shades of bronze, held well above the mottling. T All parts, including the seed,
semi-cactus dahlia. H 3–4ft (1–1.2m), S 2ft fall. Z9–11 H11–1. foliage on strong stems, in summer–fall.
(60cm). Bears pink flowers in summer–fall. D. ‘Swanvale’. Small-flowered decorative Is good for exhibition. Z9–11 H11–1. are highly toxic if ingested, and contact
Is good for exhibition. Z9–11 H12–1. dahlia. H 31/2ft (1.1m), S 2ft (60cm). Bears D. ‘Yellow Hammer’ (illus. p. 398). with the sap may irritate skin.
D. ‘Pontiac’. Small-flowered cactus yellow flowers in summer–fall. Z9–11 H12–1. Dwarf, single dahlia. H 18in (45cm), D. alpina (illus. p.333). Deciduous, erect
dahlia. H 3ft (1m), S 2ft (60cm). Leaves are D. ‘Tiptoe’ (illus. p.397). Miniature- S 12in (30cm). Has rich yellow flowers shrub. H 20in (50cm), S 16in (40cm). Leaves
glossy, dark green. Bears dark pinkish- flowered decorative dahlia. H 3ft (90cm), in summer–fall. Z9–11 H11–1. are oval, downy and gray-green. Produces
purple flowers in summer–fall. Z9–11 S 2ft (60cm). Wine-red flowers, with white- D. ‘Yelno Enchanted’. See D. ‘Yelno terminal clusters of fragrant, white flowers
H12–1. tipped petals, are borne from mid-summer Enchantment’. in late spring. Is suitable for a rock garden.
D. ‘Pooh’. Collerette dahlia. H 3ft (1m), to fall. Z9–11 H11–1. D. ‘Yelno Enchantment’, syn. D. ‘Yelno D. arbuscula, illus. p.351.
S 2ft (60cm). Produces yellow-tipped, D. ‘Trelyn Kiwi’ (illus. p.396). Small- Enchanted’. Small-flowered water-lily D. bholua. Evergreen, occasionally
scarlet flowers, with central, yellow collars, flowered semi-cactus dahlia. H 4ft (1.2m), dahlia. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). Bears pale deciduous, upright shrub. H 6–12ft (2–4m),
from mid-summer to fall. Z9–11 H12–1. S 2ft (60cm). Produces pink-flushed, white pink flowers in summer–fall. Is good for S 5ft (1.5m). Has leathery, dark green
D. ‘Preston Park’ (illus. p.398). Dwarf flowers, with darker pink central petals, in cutting. Z9–11 H12–1. foliage. Terminal clusters of richly fragrant,
single dahlia. H 18in (45cm), S 12in (30cm). summer–fall. Z9–11 H11–1. D. ‘Yelno Firelight’. Small-flowered purplish-pink and white flowers are borne
Bedding plant with nearly black foliage. In D. ‘Trengrove Millennium’ (illus. water-lily dahlia. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). in winter. Z7–9 H9–7. ‘Jacqueline
summer–fall bears bright scarlet flowers, p. 398). Medium-flowered decorative In summer–fall has red and yellow flowers, Postill’, illus. p.143.
with prominent yellow anthers, on short dahlia. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). Produces with a neat petal formation, held on strong D. blagayana, illus. p.333.
stems. Z9–11 H11–1. yellow flowers in summer–fall. Is suitable stems. Z9–11 H12–1. D. x burkwoodii ‘Somerset’, illus.
D. ‘Rhonda’. Pompon dahlia. H 3ft (1m), for exhibition. Z9–11 H11–1. D. ‘Zorro’ (illus. p. 398). Giant-flowered p.146. ‘Somerset Variegated’ is a
S 2ft (60cm). In summer–fall produces D. ‘Tui Ruth’. Small-flowered semi-cactus decorative dahlia. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). semievergreen, upright shrub. H 5ft (1.5m),
whitish-lilac flowers. Good for exhibition. dahlia. H 31/2ft (1.1m), S 2ft (60cm). Bears bright blood-red flowers in summer– S 3ft (1m). Bears dense clusters of very
Z9–11 H12–1. Produces pink-yellow flowers in summer– fall. Is good for exhibition. Z9–11 H11–1. fragrant, white-throated, pink flowers in late
D. ‘Rip City’. Small-flowered semi-cactus fall. Z9–11 H12–1. spring, sometimes again in fall. Narrowly
dahlia. H 3ft (1m), S 2ft (60cm). Produces D. ‘Vicky Crutchfield’. Small-flowered DAIS oblong, gray-green leaves are edged with
maroon flowers, with darker maroon-black water-lily dahlia. H 3ft (1m), S 2ft (60cm). creamy-white or pale yellow. Z4–7 H7–1.
centers, from mid-summer to fall. Z9–11 Bears pink flowers in summer–fall. Is THYMELAEACEAE D. cneorum, illus. p.333. ‘Eximia’ is an
H12–1. suitable for exhibition. Z9–11 H12–1. evergreen, prostrate shrub. H 4in (10cm),
D. ‘Roxy’ (illus. p.397). Single dahlia. D. ‘Vulkan’. Large-flowered semi-cactus Genus of deciduous, summer-flowering S 20in (50cm) or more. Has small, oval,
H 18in (45cm), S 16in (40cm). Bedding plant dahlia. H 3ft (1m), S 2ft (60cm). Scarlet- shrubs, grown for their flowers and overall leathery, dark green leaves and, in late
with magenta-purple flowers, borne from striped, yellow flowers are borne from appearance. Requires full sun and well- spring, terminal clusters of fragrant, white
mid-summer to fall, and dark green-black mid-summer to fall. Z9–11 H12–1. drained soil. Water container plants well flowers, crimson outside and often pink-
leaves. Z9–11 H11–1. D. ‘Wanda’s Capella’. Giant-flowered when in full growth, less when leafless. flushed within.
D. ‘Ruskin Charlotte’ (illus. p.397). decorative dahlia. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). Propagate by seed in spring or by semiripe D. collina. Evergreen, domed, compact
Large-flowered semi-cactus dahlia. H 3ft Has bright yellow flowers in summer–fall. cuttings in summer. shrub. H and S 20in (50cm). Oval, dark
(1m), S 2ft (60cm). Lavender-pink flowers, Is suitable for exhibition. Z9–11 H12–1. D. cotinifolia. Deciduous, bushy, neat green leaves densely cover upright
with white bases, are produced from mid- D. ‘Weston Pirate’. Miniature-flowered shrub. H and S 6–10ft (2–3m). Has small, branches. Has terminal clusters of small,
summer to fall. Z9–11 H11–1. cactus dahlia. H 41/2ft (1.3m), S 20–24in oval to oblong, lustrous leaves. In summer fragrant, purple-rose flowers in late spring.
D. ‘Ryecroft Gem’ (illus. p.397). Miniature- (50–60cm). Produces prolific, semidouble, bears scented, star-shaped, rose-lilac Is good for a rock garden or shrubbery.
flowered decorative dahlia. H 3ft (90cm), dark red flowers in summer–fall. Is good flowers in flattened clusters, 3in (8cm) Z7–8 H8–7.
S 2ft (60cm). In summer–fall produces violet- for cutting. Z9–11 H12–1. across. Bark yields fibers strong enough D. genkwa (Lilac daphne). Deciduous,
margined, lavender-pink flowers. Is good D. ‘Weston Spanish Dancer’. to be used as thread. Z10–11 H12–10. upright, open shrub. H and S 5ft (1.5m). Oval,
for exhibition. Z9–11 H11–1. Miniature-flowered cactus dahlia. dark green leaves are bronze when young.
Daiswa polyphylla. See Paris Large, faintly scented, lilac flowers are borne
polyphylla. from mid- to late spring. Z6–9 H9–6.
D. giraldii. Deciduous, upright shrub.
H and S 2ft (60cm). Clusters of fragrant,

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golden-yellow flowers are produced amid D. citriodora. Evergreen, rounded, well- DECUMARIA H 3–4ft (1–1.2m), S to 18in (45cm). Wiry
oblong, pale blue-green leaves in late branched shrub. H and S 2–4ft (60cm–1.2m). stems bear loose, branched spikes, 12in
spring and early summer and are followed Oblong to broadly lance-shaped, blue- HYDRANGEACEAE (30cm) long, of elf cap-shaped, single
by egg-shaped, red fruits. Z4–8 H8–1. green leaves are lemon-scented when flowers, 3⁄4in (2cm) or more across, with
D. x hendersonii ‘Blackthorn Rose’, bruised. In spring produces pendent, Genus of evergreen or deciduous, woody- spurs up to 11⁄4in (3cm) long, in early and
illus. p.334. terminal heads of usually 4 small, tubular, stemmed, root climbers. Prefers sun and late summer.
D. jasminea, illus. p.350. yellow or red flowers, each surrounded by loamy, well-drained soil that does not dry
D. laureola (Spurge laurel). Evergreen, 2 red or yellowish bracts. Z9–11 H12–9. out. Prune, if necessary, after flowering. Elatum Group. Erect perennials with
bushy shrub. H 3ft (1m), S 5ft (1.5m). Propagate by stem cuttings in late summer large, palmate leaves. H 5–6ft (1.5–2m),
Has oblong, dark green leaves. Slightly DASYLIRION or early fall. S 24–36in (60–90cm). In summer, produce
fragrant, pale green flowers are borne D. barbara (Wood vamp). Deciduous closely packed spikes, 16in–4ft (40cm–1.2m)
from late winter to early spring, followed DRACAENACEAE/ASPARAGACEAE climber. H to 30ft (10m). Has ovate to ovate- long, of regularly spaced, semidouble,
by spherical, black fruits. Z7–8 H8–7. oblong, glossy, dark green leaves. In rarely fully double flowers, 3–4in (8–10cm)
subsp. philippi, illus. p.147. Genus of evergreen, palm-like perennials, summer produces rounded, terminal wide, in a range of colors from white to
D. mezereum (February daphne, grown for their foliage and flowers. Male clusters, 5/8in (1.5cm) across, of small, white blue and purple, sometimes red-pink,
Mezereon), illus. p.142. Deciduous, upright and female flowers are produced on flowers each with a central “brush” of usually with contrasting eyes.
shrub. H 4ft (1.2m), S 3ft (1m). Very separate plants. Requires well-drained white or creamy-white stamens. Z6–9 H9–6.
fragrant, purple or pink flowers clothe the soil and a sunny position. Water freely D. sinensis, illus. p.192. Pacific Hybrids. Similar to Elatum Group
bare stems in late winter and early spring, when in full growth, sparingly at other cultivars, but grown as annuals or
followed by red fruits. Mature leaves are times. Propagate by seed in spring. DEINANTHE biennials. They produce short-lived, large,
narrowly oval and dull gray-green. Z5–8 D. texanum (Green Texas spoon, Texas semidouble flowers on spikes in early and
H8–5. f. alba (February daphne) has white sotol). Evergreen, palm-like, woody- HYDRANGEACEAE mid-summer.
or creamy-white flowers and yellow fruits. stemmed perennial. H 3ft (1m) or more,
D. odora (February daphne). Evergreen, S 10ft (3m). Has a rosette of narrow, Genus of slow-growing perennials with University Hybrids. Erect, branched
bushy shrub. H and S 5ft (1.5m). Has oval, drooping, green leaves, 2–3ft (60–90cm) creeping, underground rootstocks. Is useful herbaceous perennials with palmately
glossy, dark green leaves and, from mid- long, with yellowish prickles along for rock gardens and peat beds. Needs lobed, mid-green leaves. H 3–4ft (1–1.2m),
winter to early spring, very fragrant, deep margins. Stems, 15ft (5m) long, emerge shaded, moist soil. Propagate by division S to 18in (45cm). In summer, stems bear
purplish-pink-and-white flowers. Z7–9 from center of plant carrying dense, in spring or by seed when fresh. loose, branched spikes of large, semidouble
H9–7. ‘Aureomarginata’, illus. p.164. narrow panicles of small, bell-shaped, D. bifida, illus. p.264. or double flowers in a range of colors in
D. petraea ‘Grandiflora’, illus. p.351. whitish flowers in summer. Dry, 3-winged D. caerulea. Slow-growing, mound- shades of red, orange or pink. Plants need
D. retusa. See. D. tangutica Retusa Group. fruits develop in fall. Z9–11 H12–1. forming perennial. H 8in (20cm), S to 6in careful cultivation to succeed.
D. tangutica, syn. D. retusa. Evergreen, (15cm). Stems, each bearing a cluster of
bushy shrub with sturdy shoots. H and DAVALLIA nodding, bowl-shaped, pale violet-blue D. ‘Ailsa’. Elatum Group herbaceous
S 3ft (1m). Narrowly oval, leathery leaves flowers, rise above 3–4 oval, toothed perennial. H 51/2ft (1.7m). In early to mid-
are dark green. Bears clusters of fragrant, DAVALLIACEAE leaves in summer. Z5–9 H9–5. summer produces semidouble, off-white
white-flushed, purple-pink flowers from or very pale grayish-white flowers, 21/2–3in
mid- to late spring. Z7–9 H9–7. Retusa Genus of evergreen or semievergreen, Delairea odorata. See Senecio (6–7.5cm) across, with white eyes, on spikes
Group, illus. p.146. often epiphytic ferns, suitable for pots and mikanioides. 28–36in (70–90cm) long. Z3–8 H7–1.
baskets. Needs partial shade and fibrous, D. ‘Alice Artindale’ (illus. p.217). Elatum
D DAPHNIPHYLLUM moist, peaty soil. Cut off fading fronds DELOSPERMA Group herbaceous perennial. H 5ft (1.5m).
regularly. Propagate by division in spring Produces neat, button-like, fully double,
DAPHNIPHYLLACEAE or summer or by spores in summer. Ice plant bicolor, rosy-mauve and sky-blue flowers,
D. canariensis (Deer’s foot fern, Hare’s to 11/4in (3cm) across, on narrow spikes,
Genus of evergreen trees and shrubs, foot fern). Semievergreen fern. H and AIZOACEAE 20–24in (50–60cm) or more long, in early
grown for their habit and foliage. Male S 12in (30cm). Broadly lance-shaped, mid- to mid-summer. Z3–7 H8–3.
and female flowers are borne on separate green fronds, with triangular pinnae, are Genus of densely branched, trailing, D. ‘Anne Kenrick’. Elatum Group
plants. Needs a sheltered position in sun or produced from a scaly, brown rootstock. perennial, sometimes shrubby succulents, herbaceous perennial. H 5ft (1.5m). In mid-
partial shade and deep, fertile, well-drained Z10–11 H12–10. some with tuberous roots. Requires full sun summer produces semidouble, pale blue
but not too dry soil. Propagate by semiripe D. mariesii. Evergreen fern. H 6in (15cm), and very well-drained soil. Propagate by flowers, to 3in (8cm) across, with a pink
cuttings in summer. S 9in (23cm). Broadly triangular, delicately seed or stem cuttings in spring or summer. suffusion towards the central white eye,
D. himalaense subsp. macropodum. divided, leathery, mid-green fronds are D. cooperi. Spreading, mat-forming, borne on tapering spikes, to 3ft (1m)
See D. macropodum. produced from a creeping, scaly, brown perennial succulent. H 2in (5cm), long. Z3–8 H7–1.
D. macropodum, syn. D. himalaense rootstock. Z9–11 H12–9. S indefinite. Has cylindrical, fleshy, D. ‘Ann Woodfield’. Elatum Group
subsp. macropodum, illus. p.111. light green leaves, 2in (5cm) long, and, herbaceous perennial. H 5ft (1.5m). In mid-
DAVIDIA in mid- to late summer, solitary, daisylike, summer produces semidouble, pale blue
DARMERA magenta flowers. Z8–10 H10–8. flowers, to 4in (10cm) across, suffused pale
CORNACEAE/NYSSACEAE mauve, on tapering spikes, to 3ft (1m) long.
SYN. PELTIPHYLLUM DELPHINIUM Z3–8 H7–1.
Genus of one species of deciduous, spring- D. ‘Atlantis’. Vigorous, Belladonna Group
SAXIFRAGACEAE and summer-flowering tree, grown for its RANUNCULACEAE herbaceous perennial. H 41/2ft (1.4m), S 20in
habit and showy, white bracts surrounding (50cm). Produces spikes of mauve-flushed,
Genus of one species of perennial, grown insignificant flowers. Needs shelter from Genus of perennials, biennials and annuals, deep blue flowers, 11/4in (3cm) across,
for its unusual foliage. Makes fine marginal strong winds. Requires sun or partial shade grown for their spikes of irregularly cup- in mid-summer. Has dark green leaves.
water plants. Grows in sun or shade and and fertile, moist but well-drained soil. shaped, sometimes hooded, spurred flowers. Z3–8 H7–1.
requires moist soil. Propagate by division Propagate by semiripe cuttings in spring Needs an open, sunny position and fertile or D. Black Knight Group. Short-lived,
in spring or by seed in fall or spring. or by seed when ripe in fall. rich, well-drained soil. Tall cultivars need Pacific Hybrids herbaceous perennial.
D. peltata, illus. p.438. D. involucrata, illus. p.60. staking and ample feeding and watering in H 5–51/2ft (1.5–1.7m). Produces semidouble,
spring and early summer. In spring, remove black-eyed, purple to deep purple flowers,
560 DARWINIA DECAISNEA thin growths from well-established plants, to 3in (8cm) across, on spikes, 2–3ft (60–
leaving 5–7 strong shoots. If flower spikes 100cm), in early to mid-summer. Z3–8
Scent myrtle LARDIZABALACEAE are removed after they fade, a second flush H7–1.
may be produced in late summer, provided D. ‘Blue Dawn’. Elatum Group
MYRTACEAE Genus of deciduous, summer-flowering plants are fed and watered well. Propagate herbaceous perennial. H 8ft (2.5m). In mid-
shrubs, grown for their foliage, flowers and species by seed in fall or spring; Belladonna summer, spikes, to 4ft (1.2m) long, bear
Genus of evergreen, spring-flowering sausage-shaped fruits. Requires a sheltered, Group cultivars by division or basal cuttings pale blue flowers, to 3in (7cm) wide, with
shrubs, grown for their flowers and sunny situation and fertile soil that is not too of young shoots in spring; Elatum Group dark brown eyes. Z3–7 H7–1.
overall appearance. Needs full light dry. Propagate by seed in fall. D. Blue Fountains Group. Short-lived,
and moist, neutral to acid soil, not rich D. fargesii (illus. p.142). Deciduous, semi- cultivars by cuttings only. T All parts may Pacific Hybrids herbaceous perennial. H 5ft
in nitrogen. Water moderately when in arching, open shrub. H and S 20ft (6m). (1.5m). In early to mid-summer has
full growth, sparingly at other times. Has blue-bloomed shoots and large, deep cause severe discomfort if ingested, and variable, white-eyed, mid-blue flowers, to
Propagate by seed in spring or by green leaves of paired leaflets. Racemes contact with foliage may irritate skin. See 3in (7cm) across, on spikes 2–3ft (70–100cm)
semiripe cuttings in late summer. of greenish flowers in early summer are also feature panel p.217. long. Z3–8 H7–1.
Is difficult to root and to grow in followed by pendent, sausage-shaped,
a greenhouse. bluish fruits. Z7–9 H9–7. For ease of reference, delphinium
cultivars have been grouped as follows:

Belladonna Group. Upright, branched
perennials with palmately lobed leaves.

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D. ‘Blue Lagoon’. See D. ‘Langdon’s blue and mauve flowers, to 2in (5cm) D. ‘Giotto’. Elatum Group herbaceous D. ‘Mighty Atom’. Elatum Group D
Blue Lagoon’. across, with deep brown eyes, in summer. perennial. H 51/2–6ft (1.7–2m). In mid- herbaceous perennial. H 5–6ft (1.5–2m). In
D. ‘Blue Nile’. Elatum Group herbaceous Z3–8 H7–1. summer, spikes to 32in (80cm) long bear mid-summer has semidouble, mid-violet 561
perennial. H 5–6ft (1.5–1.8m). In mid- D. ‘Dora Larkan’. Elatum Group semidouble flowers, to 3in (7.5cm) wide, flowers, to 21/2in (6cm) across, with violet-
summer has rich blue flowers, 21/2–3in herbaceous perennial. H 6ft (2m). In mid- with deep purple inner sepals, dark blue marked, yellowish-brown eyes, on spikes
(6–7cm) across, with lightly blue-streaked, summer produces spikes, 2ft (60cm) long, outer sepals and light yellow-brown eyes. to 21/2ft (75cm) long. Z3–7 H7–1.
white eyes, on spikes to 34in (85cm) long. of deep mid-blue flowers, to 21/2in (6cm) Z3–8 H7–1. D. ‘Min’ (illus. p.217). Elatum Group
Z3–8 H7–1. across, with white eyes. Z3–8 H7–1. D. ‘Gordon Forsyth’. Elatum Group herbaceous perennial. H 51/2–6ft (1.7–2m).
D. ‘Bruce’ (illus. p.217). Elatum Group D. ‘Dunsden Green’. Elatum Group herbaceous perennial. H 6ft (2m). In mid- In mid-summer, tapering spikes, to 3ft (1m)
herbaceous perennial. H 51/2–7ft (1.7–2.2m). herbaceous perennial. H 41_2ft (1.3m). summer produces semidouble, amethyst- long, bear semidouble, pale lavender
In mid-summer, spikes to 4ft (1.2m) long Spikes, 2ft (60cm) long, of semidouble, purple blooms, 21/2–3in (6–7cm) across, flowers, to 33/4in (9.5cm) across, with deep
bear deep violet-purple flowers, to 3in lime-green-suffused, white flowers, to with violet-flecked, black eyes, on spikes lavender suffusions and veining, as well as
(8cm) across, silver-flushed towards centers 2in (5cm) across, with small, green eyes, 24–28in (60–70cm) long. Z3–7 H7–1. dark brown eyes. Z3–7 H8–3.
and with dark brown eyes. Z3–7 H8–3. are produced in mid-summer. Z3–8 H7–1. D. grandiflorum, syn. D. chinense. Z3–8 D. ‘Nobility’. Elatum Group herbaceous
D. brunonianum. Upright herbaceous D. ‘Elizabeth Cook’ (illus. p.217). Elatum H7–1. ‘Blue Butterfly’ (illus. p.217) is a perennial. H 51/2ft (1.7m). Semidouble, deep
perennial. H and S to 8in (20cm). Hairy Group herbaceous perennial. H 5–51/2ft short-lived, erect herbaceous perennial, purple and dark mauve flowers, to 3in
stems bear rounded, 3- or 5-lobed leaves. (1.5–1.7m), S 11/2ft (50cm). In mid-summer usually grown as an annual. H 11/2ft (45cm), (7.5cm) across, with prominent, white eyes,
In early summer, flower stems each bears white flowers, 21/2in (6cm) across, S 1ft (30cm). Has palmate, divided leaves. In are borne in mid-summer on spikes to
produce a spike, to 6in (15cm) long, of held in spires that gradually taper towards summer produces loose, branching spikes, 3ft (1m) long. Z3–8 H7–1.
hooded, single, pale blue to purple flowers, the tips. Z3–7 H8–3. to 6in (15cm) long, of single, deep blue D. nudicaule, illus. p.340.
11/2in (4cm) wide, with short, black spurs. D. ‘Emily Hawkins’. Elatum Group flowers, 11⁄2in (3.5cm) wide. Is useful as D. ‘Olive Poppleton’ (illus. p.217). Elatum
Is good for a rock garden. Z3–7 H7–1. herbaceous perennial. H 6–7ft (2–2.2m). a bedding plant. Z3–8 H8–1. Group herbaceous perennial. H 6–8ft
D. ‘Butterball’. Elatum Group Semidouble, purple-mauve flowers, to D. ‘Holly Cookland Wilkins’. Elatum (2–2.5m). Off-white flowers, 2–21/2in
herbaceous perennial. H 5–51/2ft (1.5–1.7m). 21/2in (6cm) across, with light yellowish- Group herbaceous perennial. H 5ft (1.5m). (5–6cm) across, sometimes very faintly
In mid-summer bears cream-eyed, white brown eyes, are borne in mid-summer on Produces tapering spikes, 3ft (1m) long, of flushed pink and with fawn eyes, are borne
flowers, to 3in (8cm) across, overlaid with spikes to 32in (80cm) long. Z3–7 H7–1. semidouble, black-eyed, lavender flowers, on spikes to 3ft (1m) long in mid-summer.
very pale greenish-yellow, on spikes to D. ‘Fanfare’. Elatum Group herbaceous to 3in (7.5cm) across, in mid-summer. Z3–8 Z3–7 H8–3.
20in (50cm) long. Z3–7 H7–1. perennial. H 6–7ft (2–2.2m). In mid-summer H7–1. D. ‘Pink Ruffles’. Elatum Group
D. ‘Can-Can’ (illus. p.217). Elatum Group bears pale blue to silvery-mauve flowers, D. ‘Joan Edwards’. Elatum Group herbaceous perennial. H 5ft (1.5m). Fully
herbaceous perennial. H 6ft (1.9m). In mid- 21/2–3in (6–7cm) across, with white-and- herbaceous perennial. H 5ft (1.5m). In mid- double, shell-pink flowers, to 3in (7.5cm)
summer, spikes to 30in (75cm) long bear violet eyes, on spikes 2–21/2ft (60–75cm) summer, tapering spikes, 32–36in (80–90cm) across, are borne in mid-summer on spikes
fully double flowers, to 31/2in (9cm) across, long. Z3–7 H7–1. long, bear semidouble, vivid purplish-blue to 32in (80cm) long. Z3–8 H7–1.
the outer sepals margined dark blue, the D. ‘Fenella’. Elatum Group herbaceous flowers, 21/4–3in (5.5–7.5cm) across, D. ‘Red Caroline’ (illus. p.217). University
inner sepals purple-mauve with darker perennial. H 3–51/2ft (1–1.65m). Bears purple- becoming paler and purple striated Hybrids herbaceous perennial. H 3ft (1m),
veining. Z3–7 H8–3. flushed, gentian-blue blooms, 2–21/2in towards the central, white eye. Z3–8 H7–1. S 1ft (30cm). Has large, palmate, soft green,
D. cardinale. Short-lived, upright (5–6cm) across, with black eyes, on spikes D. ‘Kennington Classic’. Elatum Group basal leaves. In summer produces spikes
herbaceous perennial. H 3–6ft (1–2m), to 3ft (1m) long in mid-summer. Z3–7 H7–1. herbaceous perennial. H 5ft (1.5m). of flattish, bright red flowers. Z3–7 H8–3.
S 2ft (60cm). In summer has single, scarlet D. ‘Foxhill Nina’. Elatum Group Semidouble, rich cream flowers, to 3in D. x ruysii (Elatum Group delphinium
flowers, 11/2in (4cm) wide, with yellow eyes, herbaceous perennial. H 4ft (1.2m). Bears (8cm) across, with well-formed, yellow and D. nudicale). University Hybrids
on spikes, 12–18in (30–45cm) long, above semidouble, white-eyed, pale pink flowers, eyes, are borne in mid-summer on spikes herbaceous perennial. H 32–39in (80–
palmate, finely divided leaves. Z3–7 H7–1. 2–21/2in (5–6cm) across, on spikes, to to 3ft (90cm) long. Z3–7 H7–1. 100cm), S 16in (40cm). Has palmate, mid-
D. ‘Chelsea Star’. Elatum Group 2ft (60cm) long, in mid-summer. Z3–7 H7–1. D. ‘Langdon’s Blue Lagoon’, syn. D. green, basal leaves. In early summer
herbaceous perennial. H 6ft (2m). Has rich D. ‘Franjo Sahin’. Elatum Group ‘Blue Lagoon’. Elatum Group herbaceous produces loose branched spikes of cup-
deep violet flowers, 21/2–3in (6–8cm) across, herbaceous perennial. H 6ft (2m). In mid- perennial. H 6ft (2m). Tapering spikes, to shaped flowers in shades of red and pink.
with white eyes, on spikes to 31/2ft (1.1m) summer, tapering spikes, to 31/2ft (1.1m) 36in (90cm) long, bear semidouble, pale Z3–7 H7–1. ‘Pink Sensation’ has slightly
long in mid-summer. Z3–7 H7–1. long, produce semidouble, purplish–mauve to mid-blue flowers, to 3in (7cm) across, mauve-tinged, salmon-pink flowers.
D. chinense. See D. grandiflorum. flowers, to 4in (10cm) across, with black which are paler towards the center, with D. ‘Sandpiper’ (illus. p.217). Elatum
D. ‘Claire’. Elatum Group herbaceous eyes. Z3–7 H7–1. blue-specked, white eyes. Z3–7 H7–1. Group herbaceous perennial. H 3–5ft
perennial. H 41/2ft (1.4m). In mid-summer, D. ‘Galileo’. Elatum Group herbaceous D. ‘Langdon’s Royal Flush’ (illus. p.217). (1–1.5m). In mid-summer has semidouble,
semidouble, pale mauve-pink flowers, to perennial. H 6ft (1.8m). In early and mid- Elatum Group herbaceous perennial. white flowers, to 21/2in (6cm) across, with
2in (5cm) across, with cream to pale brown summer, tapering spikes, to 32in (80cm) H 6ft (2m). In mid-summer has semidouble, dark creamy-brown eyes, on spikes to
eyes, are borne on spikes to 22in (55cm) long, bear semidouble, violet-blue blooms, magenta-pink flowers, 2–21/2in (5–6cm) 21/2ft (75cm) long. Z3–7 H8–3.
long. Z3–8 H7–1. 3in (7cm) wide, paling slightly towards the across, on spikes to 34in (85cm) long; upper D. ‘Shimmer’. Elatum Group herbaceous
D. ‘Clifford Lass’. Elatum Group center, with brownish-black eyes. Z3–7 petals are a darker shade than lower ones. perennial. H 6ft (1.8m). In mid-summer
herbaceous perennial. H 41/2ft (1.3m). In H7–1. Z3–7 H7–1. produces semidouble, bright blue flowers,
mid-summer, spikes 32–36in (80–100cm) D. ‘Gemini’. Elatum Group herbaceous D. ‘Loch Leven’ (illus. p.217). Elatum 2–3in (5–7cm) across, with prominent,
long bear semidouble, dusky-pink flowers, perennial. H 6ft (1.8m). In mid-summer, Group herbaceous perennial. H to 5ft white eyes, on spikes to 32in (80cm) long.
to 3in (7.5cm) across, with white-tipped, spikes to 34in (85cm) long bear semidouble, (1.5m). Bears semidouble, mid-blue flowers, Z3–8 H7–1.
dark brown eyes. Z3–8 H7–1. pale violet flowers, to 3in (7.5cm) across, to 3in (7.5cm) across, with white eyes, D. ‘Spindrift’ (illus. p.217). Elatum Group
D. ‘Clifford Sky’. Elatum Group edged reddish-violet with dark black- on 3ft (1m) spikes in early to mid-summer. herbaceous perennial. H 51/2–6ft (1.7–2m).
herbaceous perennial. H 6ft (2m). In mid- brown eyes, white near the center. Z3–7 H8–3. In early and mid-summer produces spikes,
summer bears semidouble, white-eyed, Z3–7 H7–1. D. ‘Lord Butler’. Elatum Group to 3ft (1m) long, of semidouble, pinkish-
sky-blue flowers, to 3in (7.5cm) across, D. ‘Gemma’. Elatum Group herbaceous herbaceous perennial. H 5–51/2ft (1.5–1.7m). purple flowers, 2–3in (5–7cm) across,
on spikes to 3ft (1m) long. Z3–8 H7–1. perennial. H 6ft (2m). Semidouble, pale Produces semidouble, mid-blue flowers, to overlaid with pale blue and with creamy-
D. ‘Cliveden Beauty’ (illus. p.217). lavender flowers, to 3in (7.5cm) across, 3in (7.5cm) across, lightly flushed with pale white eyes; towards centers, the pinkish-
Belladonna Group herbaceous perennial. with white eyes, are borne in mid-summer lilac and with blue-marked, white eyes, on purple becomes paler and the blue darker.
H 3–4ft (1–1.2m). Produces sky-blue flowers, on spikes to 3ft (1m) long. Z3–8 H7–1. spikes to 30in (75cm) long. Z3–7 H9–1. Flower color varies according to different
3/4–1in (2–3cm) across, on spikes 12in (30cm) D. ‘Gertrude Sahin’. Elatum Group D. ‘Lucia Sahin’ (illus. p.217). Elatum types of soil; on acid soil, flowers are
long from early to mid-summer. Z3–7 H8–3. herbaceous perennial. H 51/2–6ft (1.7–1.9m). Group herbaceous perennial. H 6ft (2m). greenish. Z3–7 H8–3.
D. consolida. See Consolida ajacis. In mid-summer produces mid- to light blue In mid-summer, spikes to 36in (90cm) long D. ‘Strawberry Fair’. Elatum Group
D. ‘Conspicuous’. Elatum Group flowers, 3–31/2in (7.5–9.5cm) across, with bear semidouble, deep purple-pink flowers, herbaceous perennial. H 51/2ft (1.7m).
herbaceous perennial. H 5ft (1.5m). In mid- prominent, white eyes, on spikes to 3ft (1m) to 3in (7.5cm) across, with dark brown Has semidouble, white-eyed, mulberry-
summer produces semidouble, pale mauve long. Z3–8 H7–1. eyes. Z3–7 H8–3. pink flowers, 2–3in (5–7cm) across, on
and blue flowers, 2–21/2in (5–6cm) across, D. ‘Gillian Dallas’ (illus. p.217). Elatum D. ‘Michael Ayres’ (illus. p.217). Elatum spikes to 31in (78cm) long in mid-
with prominent dark eyes, in dense spikes Group herbaceous perennial. H 5ft (1.5m). Group herbaceous perennial. H 6ft (1.8m). summer. Z3–7 H7–1.
to 2ft (60cm) long. Z3–7 H7–1. In mid-summer has spikes, to 3ft (90cm) In early and mid-summer, semidouble, D. ‘Sungleam’, illus. p.219.
D. ‘Crown Jewel’. Elatum Group long, of blue-violet flowers, to 3in (8cm) deep purple-blue flowers, to 21/2in (6cm) D. ‘Sunkissed’. Elatum Group
herbaceous perennial. H 5ft (1.5m). Spikes, across, with white eyes and violet flecks. across, with black-brown eyes, are borne herbaceous perennial. H 51/2ft (1.7m). In
to 34in (85cm) long, bear semidouble, pale Z3–7 H8–3. on spikes to 32in (80cm) long. Z3–7 H8–3. mid-summer, spikes to 32in (80cm) long

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bear semidouble, cream flowers, to 23/4in DENDROCHILUM produces large clusters of 5-petaled, pale sunny position and well-drained, slightly
(6.5cm) across, with canary-yellow eyes. pink flowers. Leaves are oval, toothed and alkaline soil, except for D. pavonius, which
Z3–8 H7–1. ORCHIDACEAE mid-green. ‘Rosealind’, illus. p.153. prefers acid soil. Dead-heading of repeat-
D. tatsienense. Short-lived, upright D. gracilis, illus. p.145. flowering types is beneficial. Tall forms of
herbaceous perennial. H 12in (30cm), See also ORCHIDS. D. ‘Joconde’. Deciduous, upright shrub. carnations and pinks have a loose habit
S 2–4in (5–10cm). Loose spikes, to 6in D. glumaceum (Hay-scented orchid). H  and S 5ft (1.5m). Bears 5-petaled, white and need staking. Propagate border
(15cm) long, of small-spurred, single, Evergreen, epiphytic orchid for a cool flowers, striped purple outside, in early carnations by layering in late summer,
bright blue flowers, 1in (2.5cm) long, are greenhouse. H 4in (10cm). Pendent sprays summer. Oval, mid-green leaves have long other named forms by softwood cuttings in
borne in summer. Leaves are rounded to of fragrant, pointed, orange-lipped, points. Z6–8 H8–6. early to mid-summer and species by seed
oval and deeply cut. Is suitable for a rock creamy-white flowers, 1/2in (1cm) long, are D. longifolia. Deciduous, arching shrub. at any time. Is susceptible to rust, red
garden. Requires gritty soil. Z3–7 H7–1. produced in fall. Narrowly oval leaves are H 6ft (2m), S 10ft (3m). Large clusters of spider mite and virus infection through
D. ‘Tiddles’. Elatum Group herbaceous 6in (15cm) long. Requires partial shade in 5-petaled, deep pink flowers are produced aphids, but many cultivars are available
perennial. H 6ft (1.8m). In mid-summer, summer. Z14–15 H12–10. from early to mid-summer. Narrowly lance- from virus-free stock.
semidouble to almost double, grayish-violet shaped leaves are gray-green. Z7–8 H8–7.
flowers, 2–21/2in (5–6cm) across, with DENDROMECON ‘Veitchii’, illus. p.133. Carnations and pinks have narrowly
brown eyes, are borne on spikes to 3ft D. x magnifica. Vigorous, deciduous, lance-shaped, silvery- or gray-green leaves,
(90cm) long. Z3–8 H7–1. PAPAVERACEAE upright shrub. H 8ft (2.5m), S 6ft (2m). scattered up flower stems, which may coil
D. ‘Tiger Eye’. Elatum Group herbaceous Fully hardy. Produces dense clusters of outwards on carnations. They are divided
perennial. H 51/2ft (1.7m). In mid-summer, Genus of evergreen shrubs, grown for their 5-petaled, pure white flowers in early into the following groups, all with
spikes 24–28in (60–70cm) long bear foliage and showy flowers. Plant against a summer. Leaves are narrowly oval and self-colored and bicolored cultivars.
semidouble, light violet flowers, 2–21/2in sunny wall in cold areas. Requires full sun bright green. Z6–8 H8–5. ‘Staphyleoides’, See also feature panel pp.266–67.
(5–6cm) across, with yellow-edged, brown and very well-drained soil. Propagate by illus. p.132.
eyes. Z3–7 H7–1. softwood cuttings in summer, by seed in D. monbeigii, illus. p.149. Carnations
fall or spring or by root cuttings in winter. D. ‘Mont Rose’, illus. p.152. Border carnations are annuals or
Dendrathema. See Chrysanthemum. D. rigida, illus. p.206. D. pulchra. Vigorous, deciduous, upright evergreen perennials that flower prolifically
Dendrobenthamia capitata. See shrub. H 8ft (2.5m), S 6ft (2m). Has peeling, once in mid-summer and are good for
Cornus capitata. Dentaria enneaphyllos. See orange-brown bark and lance-shaped, dark border decoration and cutting. Each stem
Cardamine enneaphyllos. green leaves. Slender, pendulous panicles bears 5 or more often scented, semidouble
D DENDROBIUM Dentaria pentaphyllos. See Cardamine of 5-petaled, pink-tinged, white flowers or double flowers, to 3in (8cm) across;
pentaphyllos. are borne in late spring and early summer. picotee forms (with petals outlined in a
562 ORCHIDACEAE Z7–8 H8–7. darker color) are available. H 21⁄2–31⁄2ft
DESCHAMPSIA D. x rosea, illus. p.146. (75cm–1.1m), S to 1ft (30cm).
See also ORCHIDS. D. scabra, illus. p.127. ‘Flore Pleno’. See
D. aphyllum, syn. D. pierardii. Deciduous, Hair grass D. scabra ‘Plena’. ‘Plena’, syn. D. scabra Perpetual-flowering carnations are
epiphytic orchid for an intermediate GRAMINEAE/POACEAE ‘Flore Pleno’ is a deciduous, upright shrub. evergreen perennials that flower year-
greenhouse. H to 24in (60cm). In early spring H 10ft (3m), S 6ft (2m). Narrowly oval, dark round if grown in a greenhouse, but more
produces pairs of soft pink flowers, 11/2in See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES green leaves set off dense, upright clusters prolifically in summer. They are normally
(4cm) across, with large, cream lips. Has oval and SEDGES. of double, white flowers, purplish-pink grown for cut flowers: flower stems should
leaves, 2–3in (5–8cm) long. Requires partial D. cespitosa (Tufted hair grass, Tussock outside, from early to mid-summer. be disbudded, leaving one terminal bud
shade in summer. Is best grown hanging grass). Evergreen, tuft-forming, perennial D. setchuenensis var. corymbiflora. per stem. Fully double flowers, to 4in
from a bark slab. Z12–15 H12–10. grass. H to 3ft (1m), S 10–12in (25–30cm). Deciduous, upright shrub with peeling, (10cm) across, are usually unscented and
D. chrysotoxum. Deciduous, epiphytic Has narrow, rough-edged, dark green pale brown bark when mature. H 6ft (2m), are often flecked or streaked. H 3–5ft
orchid for an intermediate greenhouse. leaves. In summer produces dainty, open S 5ft (1.5m). Small, 5-petaled, white flowers (1–1.5m), S 1ft (30cm) or more.
H 24in (60cm). Trusses of cup-shaped, deep panicles of tiny, pale brown spikelets that are borne in broad clusters in early and
yellow flowers, 3/4in (2cm) across and with last well into winter. Tolerates sun and mid-summer. Produces lance-shaped, long- Spray forms are not disbudded so have
hairy, red-marked lips, are borne in spring. shade. Z4–8 H8–1. ‘Goldtau’, illus. p.289. pointed, gray-green leaves. Z6–8 H8–6. 5 or more flowers per stem, each 2–21⁄2in
Oval leaves are 2–3in (5–8cm) long. Provide (5–6cm) across. H 2–3ft (60cm–1m), S to 1ft
full light in summer. Z14–15 H12–6. DESFONTAINIA DIANELLA (30cm).
D. infundibulum (illus. p.466). Evergreen,
epiphytic orchid for a cool greenhouse. DESFONTAINIACEAE/LOGANIACEAE Flax lily Malmaison carnations are evergreen
H 12in (30cm). In spring, stems each perennials, derived from D. ‘Souvenir de la
produce up to 6 pure white flowers, 3in Genus of evergreen shrubs, grown for LILIACEAE/PHORMIACEAE Malmaison’. Grown under glass, they bear
(8cm) wide, with yellow-marked lips. Has their foliage and tubular flowers. Provide large, double, scented flowers sporadically
oval leaves, 2–3in (5–8cm) long. Needs shelter in cold areas. Needs some shade, Genus of evergreen, summer-flowering during the year. The flowers can reach up
partial shade in summer. H11–1. particularly in dry areas, and moist, peaty, perennials. Is suitable outdoors only in to 5in (13cm) across. They are mostly self-
D. Momozono gx ‘Princess’. Evergreen, preferably acid soil. Propagate by semiripe mild areas and elsewhere requires a cold colored, and tend to split their calyces.
epiphytic orchid for an intermediate cuttings in summer. greenhouse or frame. Needs sun and well- H 20–28in (50–70cm), S 16in (40cm).
greenhouse. H 24in (60cm) S 12in (30cm). D. spinosa, illus. p.203. drained, neutral to acid soil. Propagate by
In spring, produces pairs of dark pink division or seed in spring. Pinks
flowers, 3in (7cm) across, fading to white DESMODIUM D. caerulea. Evergreen, tuft-forming Evergreen, clump-forming perennials,
in the centers, and with white and pink perennial. H 30in (75cm), S 12in (30cm). In grown for border decoration and cutting,
marks on lips. Oblong leaves are 4in (10cm) LEGUMINOSAE/PAPILIONACEAE summer has panicles of small, star-shaped, that in summer produce a succession of
long. Requires partial shade in summer. blue flowers, above grasslike leaves, basal shoots, each bearing 4–6 fragrant,
Z13–15 H12–10. Genus of perennials and deciduous shrubs followed by blue berries. Z9–10 H10–9. single to fully double flowers, 11⁄2–21⁄2in
D. nobile (illus. p.466). Deciduous, epiphytic and subshrubs, grown for their flowers. CASSA BLUE (‘Dbb03’), illus. p.283. (3.5–6cm) across. H 12–18in (30–45cm),
orchid (often evergreen in cultivation) for a Needs full sun and well-drained soil. D. tasmanica, illus. p.239. S 9–12in (23–30cm) or more.
cool greenhouse. H 12in (30cm). Trusses of Propagate by softwood cuttings in late
delicate, rose-pink flowers, 2in (5cm) across, spring or by seed in fall. May also be DIANTHUS Old-fashioned pinks have a low,
with prominent, maroon lips, are borne in divided in spring. spreading habit and produce masses of
spring. Oval leaves are 2–3in (5–8cm) long. D. elegans, syn. D. tiliifolium, illus. p.154. Carnation, Pink flowers in one flowering period in mid-
Requires partial shade in summer. H11–1. D. tiliifolium. See D. elegans. summer. Mule types (a border carnation
D. ‘Oriental Paradise’. Evergreen, CARYOPHYLLACEAE crossed with a Sweet William) and laced
epiphytic orchid. H 24in (60cm). White DEUTZIA types (in which the central color extends as
flowers, 3in (7cm) across, with dark pink Genus of evergreen or semievergreen, a loop around each petal) are available.
notches on petals and yellow-marked lips, HYDRANGEACEAE mainly summer-flowering perennials,
are borne in pairs in spring. Oblong leaves annuals and biennials, grown for their Modern pinks, obtained by crossing an
are 4in (10cm) long. Requires partial shade Genus of deciduous shrubs, grown for mass of flowers, often scented, some of old-fashioned pink with a perpetual-
in summer. Z12–15 H12–10. their profuse, 5-petaled flowers. Needs which are excellent for cutting. Carnations flowering carnation, are more vigorous
D. pierardii. See D. aphyllum. full sun and fertile, well-drained soil. and pinks (see below) are excellent for cut than old-fashioned pinks, and are repeat-
Plants benefit from regular thinning out flowers and border decoration, the biennial flowering with 2 or 3 main flushes of
of old shoots after flowering. Propagate D. barbatus is suitable for bedding and flowers in summer.
by softwood cuttings in summer. smaller, tuft-forming species and cultivars
D. x elegantissima ‘Fasciculata’ are good for rock gardens. Needs an open, Alpine pinks are evergreen species and
Deciduous, upright shrub. H 6ft (2m), S 5ft cultivars forming neat mat or cushion
(1.5m). From late spring to early summer plants. They will grow at the edge of
borders or in rock gardens, troughs or

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alpine houses. In early summer, they bear D. ‘Clara’. Perpetual-flowering carnation. D. ‘Golden Cross’ (illus. p.267). Border D. ‘Mars’. Evergreen, tuft-forming D
single, semidouble or double, often scented Fully double flowers are yellow with carnation. Produces bright yellow flowers perennial. H and S 4in (10cm). Has small,
flowers. Foliage is gray-green. H 3–4in salmon flecks. Z5–9 H8–1. on short, stiff stems. Z5–9 H8–1. double, cherry-red flowers in summer. 563
(8–10cm), S 8in (20cm). D. ‘Constance Finnis’. See D. ‘Fair Folly’. D. ‘Gran’s Favourite’ (illus. p.266). Old- Bears a basal tuft of linear, gray-green
D. ‘Coquette’, illus. p.266. Perpetual- fashioned pink. Bears fragrant, semidouble, leaves. Is good in a rock garden. Z5–9 H8–1.
D. ‘A. J. Macself’. See D. ‘Dad’s Favourite’. flowering, spray carnation. Double, slightly white flowers with deep raspberry lacing. D. ‘Master Stuart’. Perennial border
D. ‘Albisola’. Perpetual-flowering purplish-red flowers have toothed, almost Z5–9 H8–1. carnation. Has semidouble, white flowers
carnation. Fully double flowers are clear white margins. Z5–9 H8–1. D. gratianopolitanus, syn. D. caesius, with scarlet stripes. Z5–9 H8–1.
tangerine-orange. Z5–9 H8–1. D. ‘Cranmere Pool’, illus. p.266. Modern illus. p.363. D. microlepis, illus. p.366.
D. ‘Aldridge Yellow’. Border carnation. pink. Double, pink-tinted, white flowers D. ‘Green Eyes’. See D. ‘Musgrave’s Pink’. D. ‘Milky Way’ (illus. p.266). Perpetual-
Semidouble flowers are clear yellow. Z5–9 have crimson centers and a light fragrance. D. haematocalyx. Evergreen, tuft- flowering, spray carnation. Shallowly
H8–1. Z4–8 H8–1. forming perennial. H 5in (12cm), S 4in toothed, double, white flowers may be
D. ‘Alice’. Modern pink. Has clove- D. ‘Cream Sue’. Perpetual-flowering (10cm). Leaves are lance-shaped and slightly cream in the centers. Z4–8 H8–1.
scented, semidouble, ivory-white flowers, carnation. Flowers are cream colored. usually glaucous. Bears 5-petaled, toothed, D. MISS PINKY. See D. ‘Valda Wyatt’.
each with a bold, crimson eye. Z5–9 H8–1. Z5–9 H8–1. beige-backed, deep pink flowers on slender D. ‘Monica Wyatt’ (illus. p.267).
D. alpinus, illus. p.364. D. ‘Crompton Princess’. Perpetual- stems in summer. Is suitable for a rock Modern pink. Fragrant, fringed, double,
D. ‘Annabelle’, illus. p.364. flowering carnation. Flowers are white. garden or scree. Z5–9 H9–5. deep pink flowers, with crimson centers,
D. armeria (Deptford pink). Evergreen, Z5–9 H8–1. D. ‘Happiness’. Perennial border are borne over an unusually long season.
tuft-forming perennial, sometimes grown D. ‘Dad’s Favourite’, syn. D. ‘A.J. carnation. Semidouble flowers are yellow, Z5–9 H8–1.
as an annual. H 12in (30cm), S 18in (45cm). Macself’ (illus. p.266). Old-fashioned pink. striped scarlet-orange. Z5–9 H8–1. D. monspessulanus. Evergreen, mat-
Has narrowly lance-shaped, dark green Bears scented, semidouble, white flowers D. ‘Haytor’. See D. ‘Haytor White’. forming perennial. H 12in (30cm), S 4–6in
leaves. In summer, tall stems each bear with chocolate-brown lacing. Z5–9 H8–1. D. ‘Haytor White’, syn. D. ‘Haytor’ (illus. (10–15cm). In summer, masses of strongly
small, 5-petaled, cerise-pink flowers in D. deltoides. Evergreen, mat-forming, p.266). Modern pink. Fully double, white fragrant, 5-petaled, deeply fringed, pale
small bunches. Is good for a rock garden basal-tufted perennial. H 6in (15cm), flowers, borne on strong stems, have a lavender flowers rise on slender stems
or bank. Z3–9 H9–1. S 12in (30cm). In summer, small, 5-petaled, good scent. Is widely grown, especially above short tufts of fine, grasslike leaves.
D. barbatus (Sweet William). white, pink or cerise flowers are borne to provide cut flowers. Z5–9 H8–1. Is good for a rock garden. Needs gritty soil.
Roundabout Series (dwarf). Slow- singly above tiny, lance-shaped leaves. Is D. ‘Hidcote’. Evergreen, tufted, compact Z5–9 H8–1.
growing, upright, bushy biennial. H 6in good for a rock garden or bank. Trim back perennial. H and S 4in (10cm). Bears a basal D. ‘Moulin Rouge’ (illus. p.267). Modern
(15cm), S 8–12in (20–30cm). Has lance- after flowering. Z3–10 H10–1. ‘Flashing tuft of linear, spiky, gray-green leaves and, pink. Has double, pink flowers with
shaped leaves. In early summer bears flat Light’. See D. deltoides ‘Leuchtfunk’. in summer, double, red flowers. Is suitable burgundy lacing, rich burgundy centers
heads of single and bicolored flowers in ‘Leuchtfunk’, syn. D. deltoides ‘Flashing for a rock garden. Z5–9 H8–1. and a strong clove scent. Z5–9 H8–1.
shades of pink, red and white. Z3–9 H9–1. Light’, illus. p.365. D. ‘Houndspool Ruby’, syn. D. ‘Ruby’, D. ‘Mrs. Sinkins’ (illus. p.266). Old-
D. ‘Becky Robinson’ (illus. p.266). D. ‘Denis’. Modern pink. Strongly clove- D. ‘Ruby Doris’, illus. p.268. fashioned pink. Flowers are heavily scented,
Modern pink. Has strongly clove-scented, scented, fully double, magenta flowers. D. ‘Ibiza’. Perpetual-flowering, spray fringed, fully double and white. Z5–9 H8–1.
double, rose-pink flowers laced and flecked Z5–9 H8–1. carnation. Fully double flowers are shell- D. ‘Murcia’. Perpetual-flowering
with crimson. Z5–9 H9–5. D. Devon Series. Modern pink. Prolific, pink. Z5–9 H8–1. carnation. Has fully double, deep golden-
D. ‘Bombardier’. Evergreen, tuft- double-flowered, long-flowering, medium D. ‘Iceberg’. Modern pink. Fragrant yellow flowers. Z5–9 H8–1.
forming perennial. H and S 4in (10cm). Has to tall plants raised in Devon. Z5–9 H9–5. flowers are semidouble and pure white. D. ‘Musgrave’s Pink’, syn. D. ‘Charles
a basal tuft of linear, gray-green leaves and, ‘Devon Dove’ (illus. p.266) produces well- Has a somewhat looser habit than Musgrave’, D. ‘Green Eyes’ (illus. p.266).
in summer, small, double, scarlet flowers. scented, pure white flowers with lacy tips. D. ‘Haytor White’. Z5–9 H8–1. Old-fashioned pink. Bears single, white
Is good for a rock garden. Z5–9 H8–1. ‘Devon Wizard’ (illus. p.267) is vigorous, D. ‘Inchmery’ (illus. p.266). Old-fashioned, flowers with green eyes. Z5–9 H8–1.
D. ‘Bookham Fancy’. Border carnation. and bears vibrant, well-scented, cerise- mule pink. Highly scented, double, pale D. myrtinervius, illus. p.364.
Produces bright yellow flowers, margined purple flowers with deep red centers. pink flowers are borne above blue-green D. neglectus. See D. pavonius.
and flecked carmine-purple, on short, stiff D. ‘Doris’ (illus. p.266). Modern pink. Has leaves. Does well on heavy soil. Z4–9 H9–1. D. ‘Neon Star’ See D. Star Series
stems. Z5–9 H8–1. compact growth and an abundance of D. ‘India Star’ See D. Star Series ‘Neon Star’.
D. ‘Bookham Perfume’. Perennial fragrant, semidouble, pale pink flowers, ‘India Star’. D. ‘Nina’. Perpetual-flowering carnation.
border carnation. Has scented, semidouble, each with a salmon-red ring towards base D. ‘Joy’. Modern pink. Bears semidouble, Is one of the best crimson cultivars. Fully
crimson flowers. Z5–9 H8–1. of flower. Is good for cutting. Z5–9 H8–1. pink flowers that are strongly scented and double flowers have smooth-edged petals.
D. ‘Bovey Belle’. Modern pink. Has clove- D. ‘Duchess of Westminster’ (illus. good for cutting. Z5–9 H8–1. Z5–9 H8–1.
scented, fully double, bright purple flowers p.266). Vigorous Malmaison carnation. D. ‘Kobusa’. See D. PIERROT. D. PASSION (‘WP Passion’), See D. Scent
that are excellent for cutting. Z5–9 H8–1. Bears salmon-pink flowers with stronger D. ‘La Bourbille’. See D. ‘La Bourboule’. First series ‘Passion’.
D. ‘Brilliant Star’. See D. Star Series calyces than most Malmaison carnations. D. ‘La Bourboule’, syn. D. ‘La Bourbille’, D. pavonius, syn. D. neglectus, illus. p.363.
‘Brilliant Star’. Z5–9 H8–1. illus. p.365. D. PIERROT (‘Kobusa’). Perpetual-
D. ‘Brympton Red’. Old-fashioned pink. D. ‘Emile Paré’. Old-fashioned, mule D. ‘Laced Monarch’. Modern pink. flowering carnation. Bears fully double,
Flowers are single, bright crimson with pink. Has clusters of semidouble, salmon- Double flowers are pink, laced with light rose-lavender flowers with purple-
deeper shading. Z5–9 H8–1. pink flowers and, unusually for a pink, maroon-red. Z5–9 H8–1. edged petals. Z5–9 H8–1.
D. caesius. See D. gratianopolitanus. mid-green foliage. Z5–9 H8–1. D. ‘Laced Prudence’. See D. ‘Prudence’. D. ‘Pike’s Pink’, illus. p.364.
D. carthusianorum, illus. p.339. D. ‘Eva Humphries’. Perennial border D. ‘Lady Madonna’ (illus. p.266). Modern D. ‘Pink Calypso’. See D. ‘Truly Yours’.
D. CANDY FLOSS ‘Devon Flavia’, See carnation. Has fragrant, semidouble pink. Double, white flowers have fringed D. ‘Pink Jewel’ (illus. p.267). Alpine pink.
D. Scent First Series CANDY FLOSS. flowers with white petals, each outlined petals, bright ruby centers and a powerful Has strongly scented, semidouble, pink
D. ‘Charles Musgrave’. See in purple. Z5–9 H8–1. clove fragrance. Z4–8 H8–1. flowers. Z5–9 H8–1.
D. ‘Musgrave’s Pink’. D. ‘Fair Folly’. syn. D. ‘Constance Finnis’. D. ‘Lavender Clove’. Vigorous border D. ‘Pixie Star’, illus. p.267.
D. chinensis (China pink, Indian pink). Modern pink. Flowers are single and carnation. Bears lavender-gray flowers on D. pavonius, syn. D. neglectus, illus. p.363.
Slow-growing, bushy annual. H and S 6–12in usually dusky-pink to dusky-purple with long stems. Z5–9 H8–1. D. ‘Prado Mint’ (illus. p.267). Perpetual-
(15–30cm). Lance-shaped leaves are pale or 2 white splashes on each petal. Z5–9 H8–1. D. LILY THE PINK (‘WP05 Idare’), illus. flowering carnation. Double, pale
mid-green. Tubular, single or double flowers, D. ‘Feuerhexe’ (illus. p.267). Alpine pink. p.267. Modern pink. Fringed, double, vivid yellowish-green flowers have shallowly
1in (2.5cm) or more wide and with open, Strongly scented, fringed, single, magenta lavender-pink flowers have redder centers toothed margins. Z4–8 H8–1.
spreading petals, in shades of pink, red or flowers are produced throughout summer. and a sweet, spicy fragrance. Is unusually D. ‘Prudence’, syn. D. ‘Laced Prudence’.
white, are produced in summer and early Has silvery-blue leaves. Z3–10 H10–1. vigorous. Z4–8 H8–1. Old-fashioned pink. Fragrant flowers
fall. Z9–11 H12–1. Baby Doll Series, illus. D. ‘Forest Treasure’. Perennial border D. ‘Little Jock’, illus. p.363. are semidouble and pinkish-white with
p.305. ‘Fire Carpet’, illus. p.307. carnation. Has double, white flowers with D. ‘London Brocade’. Modern pink. Has purple lacing. Has a spreading habit.
Heddewigii Group, H 12in (30cm), has reddish-purple splashes on each petal. clove-scented, crimson-laced, pink flowers. Z5–9 H8–1.
flowers in mixed colors. Z5–9 H8–1. Z5–9 H8–1. Z5–9 H8–1. D. ‘Queen of Sheba’ (illus. p.267). Old-
D. ‘Christine Hough’. Perennial border D. ‘Freckles’. Compact modern pink. Has D. ‘London Delight’. Old-fashioned pink. fashioned pink. Has clove-scented, single,
carnation. Semidouble, apricot flowers are fully double flowers that are red-speckled Fragrant flowers are semidouble and white flowers laced and flaked with
overlaid and streaked with rose-pink. Z5–9 and dusky-pink. Z5–9 H8–1. lavender, laced with purple. Z5–9 H8–1. magenta-purple. Z5–8 H8–5.
H8–1. D. ‘Fusilier’ (illus. p.267). Dwarf, modern D. ‘Manon’. Perpetual-flowering carnation. D. ‘Raggio di Sole’. Perpetual-flowering
D. ‘Christopher’. Modern pink. Produces pink. H 6in (15cm). Fragrant, single, rose-red Is one of the best deep pink cultivars with carnation. Fully double flowers are bright
lightly scented, fully double, bright salmon- flowers have blood-red eyes. Z4–8 H8–1. fully double flowers. Z5–9 H8–1. orange. Z5–9 H8–1.
red flowers. Z5–9 H8–1.

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D D. ‘Red Barrow’. Perpetual-flowering, D. ‘Tigré’. Perpetual-flowering carnation. D. vigilis. Prostrate perennial. H 12–16in drained soil, humid conditions and partial
spray carnation. Fully double, bright Has fully double, yellow flowers with a (30–40cm), S 24in (60cm). Pale green leaves shade. Propagate by division in spring or
564 scarlet flowers are borne in abundance. uniform, pinkish-purple stripe and edging are small, rounded and toothed. Upright by stem cuttings in summer.
Z5–9 H8–1. to each petal. Z5–9 H8–1. branchlets bear loose spikes of flattish, D. reginae, illus. p.473.
D. ‘Rose de Mai’ (illus. p.267). Old- D. ‘Tony’. Perpetual-flowering, spray outward-facing, pale pink flowers in
fashioned, mule pink. Double, mauve-pink carnation. Fully double flowers are yellow summer. Z7–9 H9–7. Dichromena colorata. See
flowers have darker centers. Z4–9 H9–1. with red stripes. Z5–9 H8–1. Rhynchospora colorata.
D. ‘Ruby’. See D. ‘Houndspool Ruby’. D. ‘Truly Yours’, syn. D. ‘Pink Calypso’. DICENTRA
D. ‘Ruby Doris’. See D. ‘Houndspool Perpetual-flowering carnation. Fully double DICKSONIA
Ruby’. flowers are a good pink. Z5–9 H8–1. Bleeding heart
D. ‘Sam Barlow’. Old-fashioned pink. D. ‘Valda Wyatt’, syn. D. MISS PINKY, illus. DICKSONIACEAE
Bears very fragrant, frilly, fully double, white p.267. Modern pink. Very fragrant flowers PAPAVERACEAE/FUMARIACEAE
flowers with brown centers. Z5–9 H8–1. are fully double and rose-lavender. Z5–9 Genus of evergreen or semievergreen,
D. ‘Sandra Neal’. Border carnation. Fully H8–1. Genus of perennials, grown for their treelike ferns that resemble palms and that
double, golden-apricot flowers are flaked D. ‘Valencia’. Perpetual-flowering sprays of pendent flowers. Most do best are sometimes used to provide height in
deep rose-pink. Z5–9 H8–1. carnation. Has fully double, orange blooms. in partial shade and rich, moist but well- fern plantings. Needs partial shade and
D. Scent First Series. Modern pink. Z5–9 H8–1. drained soil. Propagate by division when rich, moist soil. Remove faded fronds
Compact, repeat-flowering, strongly D. ‘Whatfield Magenta’. Alpine pink. dormant in late winter, species also by seed regularly. Propagate by spores in summer.
scented plants that tolerate extreme Fragrant, single, brilliant magenta flowers D. antarctica, illus. p.290.
weather conditions. Z5–9 H8–1. CANDY have paler throats. Has deep blue leaves. in fall. T Contact with the foliage may D. fibrosa. Evergreen, treelike fern
FLOSS (‘Devon Flavia’), illus. p.266, Z3–8 H8–1. (deciduous in cold climates). H to 20ft (6m),
has highly scented, double, bright sugar- D. ‘White Ladies’ (illus. p.266). Old- aggravate skin allergies. S to 12ft (4m). Sturdy trunks are crowned
pink flowers, with lacy tips and richer fashioned pink. Produces very fragrant, D. ‘Adrian Bloom’. Spreading, tuft- by a rosette of spreading, divided, lance-
pink centers. Z5–9 H9–5. PASSION fully double, white flowers with greenish forming perennial. H 18in (45cm), S 12in shaped, dark green fronds, to 6ft (2m) long.
(‘WP Passion’), illus. p.267, produces centers. Z5–9 H8–1. (30cm). Has sprays of pendent, heart- Z9–10 H10–9.
rounded, fragrant, double, bright red D. ‘Widecombe Fair’. Modern pink. shaped, rich carmine-pink flowers above D. squarrosa. Evergreen, treelike fern
flowers over an unusually long season. Semidouble flowers, borne on strong oval, gray-green leaves. Z4–8 H10–1. (deciduous in cold climates). H to 20ft (6m),
Z4–8 H8–1. TICKLED PINK (‘Devon stems, are of unusual coloring—peach- D. cucullaria, illus. p.348. S to 12ft (4m). Slender trunks are crowned
PP 11’), illus. p.267, bears rounded, apricot, opening to blush-pink. Z5–9 H8–1. D. eximia of gardens. See D. formosa. by a rosette of spreading, divided, lance-
semidouble, fringed, deep lavender D. ‘WP05 Idare’. See D. LILY THE PINK. D. formosa, syn. D. eximia of gardens shaped, mid-green fronds, to 6ft (2m) long,
flowers, with a strong spicy scent, D. ‘WP Passion’. See D. Scent First (Western bleeding heart). Spreading, tufted with blackish stalks and midribs. Z9–10
over a long season. Series PASSION. perennial. H 18in (45cm), S 12in (30cm). H10–9.
D. ‘Show Ideal’. Modern pink. Flat- In spring–summer bears slender, arching
petaled, semidouble flowers are white DIAPENSIA sprays of pendent, heart-shaped, pink DICTAMNUS
with red eyes and are strongly scented. or dull red flowers above oval, finely cut,
Is excellent for exhibition. Z5–9 H8–1. DIAPENSIACEAE gray-green leaves. Z4–8 H8–1. RUTACEAE
D. ‘Sops-in-wine’. Old-fashioned pink. D. peregrina. Tuft-forming perennial.
Bears fragrant, single, maroon flowers Genus of evergreen, spreading subshrubs, H 3in (8cm), S to 2in (5cm). Locket-shaped, Genus of summer-flowering perennials.
with white markings. Z5–9 H8–1. suitable for rock gardens and troughs. pink flowers are borne in spring–summer Requires full sun and fertile, well-drained
D. STARLIGHT (‘Hilstar’), illus. p.267. Needs partial shade and peaty, sandy, above fernlike, blue-green leaves. Needs soil. Resents disturbance. Propagate by
Modern pink. Strongly scented, single, acid soil. Is very difficult to grow in hot, gritty soil. Is suitable for an alpine house. seed sown in late summer when fresh.
rose-lavender flowers turn to lilac, then dry climates at low altitudes. Propagate Z4–8 H8–1.
mature to almost white. Z5–9 H8–1. by seed in spring or by semiripe cuttings D. spectabilis, syn. Lamprocapnos T The foliage, roots and seeds of D. albus
D. Star Series. Prolific Modern pink in summer. spectabilis, illus. p.223. f. alba, syn.
with single or semidouble flowers over D. lapponica. Evergreen, spreading Lamprocapnos spectabilis f. alba, illus. p.223. may cause mild stomach upset if ingested,
mounded foliage. Z5–9 H8–1. ‘Brilliant subshrub. H and S 3in (7cm). Has tufts D. ‘Spring Morning’, illus. p.256. and contact with the foliage may cause
Star’ (illus. p.266) has fragrant, of small, rounded, leathery leaves. Bears D. ‘Stuart Boothman’, illus. p.268. photodermatitis.
semidouble, glistening white flowers, solitary, tiny, bowl-shaped, white flowers D. albus (Burning bush, Dittany, Gas
with rich velvet-red centers. ‘Evening in early summer. Z1–5 H5–1. DICHELOSTEMMA plant). var. albus, illus. p.230. var.
Star’ (illus. p.266) bears single or purpureus, syn. D. fraxinella. Upright
semidouble, rounded, bright deep pink DIASCIA LILIACEAE/ASPARAGACEAE perennial. H 3ft (1m), S 2ft (60cm). Has light
flowers with gently rippled edges and green leaves divided into oval leaflets. In
crimson eyes. ‘India Star’ (illus. p.267) SCROPHULARIACEAE Genus of summer-flowering bulbs, grown early summer bears spikes of fragrant,
produces single, rich rose-pink flowers for their dense flower heads on leafless star-shaped, purplish-pink flowers with
with bold, deep red eyes and a fine Genus of summer- and fall-flowering stems. Is related to Brodiaea and is similar long stamens. Z3–8 H8–3.
fragrance. ‘Neon Star’ (illus. p.267) has annuals and perennials, some of which are to Allium in appearance. Needs sunny and D. fraxinella. See D. albus var. purpureus.
silvery-green leaves and single, vivid semievergreen, grown for their tubular, well-drained soil. Water freely in spring,
magenta flowers over a very long season. pink flowers. Is suitable for banks and but dry out after flowering. Propagate by Didiscus coeruleus. See Trachymene
Z4–9 H8–1. ‘Pixie Star’ (illus. p.267) borders. Needs sun and rich, well-drained seed in fall or spring or by offsets in fall coerulea.
bears single, rose-lavender flowers soil that is not too dry. Cut back old stems before growth commences.
with slightly wavy petals and deep pink in spring. Propagate by softwood cuttings D. congestum, syn. Brodiaea congesta, DIDYMOCHLAENA
eyes. Z4–8 H8–1. in late spring, by semiripe cuttings in illus. p.392.
D. superbus. Evergreen, mat-forming summer or by seed in fall. D. ida-maia, syn. Brodiaea ida-maia. Early DRYOPTERIDACEAE/ASPIDIACEAE
perennial. H to 8in (20cm), S 6in (15cm). D. barberae (Twinspur). ‘Blackthorn summer-flowering bulb. H to 3ft (1m),
Has narrowly lance-shaped, pale green Apricot’, syn. D. ‘Blackthorn Apricot’, S 3–4in (8–10cm). Long, narrow leaves are Genus of one species of evergreen fern.
leaves. In summer, slender stems bear illus. p.278. ‘Fisher’s Flora’, syn. D. semierect and basal. Leafless stem bears Has tufts of glossy, mid-green fronds,
very fragrant, 5-petaled, deeply fringed, cordata of gardens, illus. p.339. ‘Ruby a dense head of flowers, 3/4–1in (2–2.5cm) tinged with rose-pink or red when young.
pink flowers with darker centers. Is Field’ is a mat-forming perennial. long, each with a red tube and 6 green Requires partial shade, high humidity and
suitable for a rock garden. Z3–8 H8–1. H 3in (8cm), S 6in (15cm). Heart-shaped, petals. Z5–8 H8–5. moist, rich soil. Propagate by spores as
‘Crimsonia’ (illus. p.267). has slender, pale green leaves clothe short, wiry stems. D. pulchellum, syn. Brodiaea capitata, soon as ripe, or divide in spring.
rather floppy stems bearing fragrant, Produces tubular, wide-lipped, salmon- Brodiaea pulchella. Early summer- D. lunulata. See D. truncatula.
well-dissected, single, scarlet flowers. pink flowers throughout summer. flowering bulb. H 12–24in (30–60cm), D. truncatula, syn. D. lunulata. Evergreen
Z3–8 H8–1. D. ‘Blackthorn Apricot’. See D. S 3–4in (8–10cm). Long, narrow leaves are fern. H and S to 3ft (1m). Has erect
D. ‘Tayside Red’, illus. p.267. Malmaison barberae ‘Blackthorn Apricot’. semierect and basal. Leafless stem bears rhizomes and triangular, divided fronds,
carnation. Produces brick-red flowers D. cordata of gardens. See D. barberae a dense head of narrowly funnel-shaped, 2–5ft (60cm–1.5m) long, with simple
through summer and into fall. Does best in a ‘Fisher’s Flora’. pale to deep violet flowers, 1/2–3/4in (1–2cm) diamond-shaped segments. Z9–11 H12–9.
cool glasshouse or conservatory. Z4–8 H8–1. D. ICE CRACKER (‘Hecrack’), illus. p.337. long, with violet bracts. Z6–10 H10–6.
D. ‘Tickled Pink’. See D. Scent First D. LITTLE DANCER (‘Pendan’), illus. p.301. DIEFFENBACHIA
Series TICKLED PINK. D. personata, illus. p.223. DICHORISANDRA
D. rigescens, illus. p.339. Dumb cane, Mother-in-law’s tongue
D. ‘Salmon Supreme’, illus. p.345. COMMELINACEAE ARACEAE

Genus of erect, clump-forming, evergreen Genus of evergreen, tufted perennials,
perennials, grown for their ornamental grown for their foliage. Needs fertile, well-
foliage. Prefers fertile, moist but well- drained soil and partial shade. Propagate
in spring or summer by stem cuttings or

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pieces of leafless stem placed horizontally D. sessilifolia (Southern bush leaves and, in summer, tall spikes of tubular specimens moderately when in full
in compost. Scale insect or red spider mite honeysuckle). Deciduous, spreading shrub. flowers in shades of pink, red, purple or growth, less at other times. Propagate
H and S 3–5ft (1–1.5m). Narrowly oval, white. Z4–8 H9–1. f. albiflora, syn. by seed in spring.
may be troublesome. T All parts may pointed, serrated, green leaves are often D. purpurea f. alba, illus. p.299. f. alba. D. edule (Chestnut dioon, Mexican fern
copper-tinted when young. Has terminal See D. purpurea f. albiflora. palm). Slow-growing,  evergreen, palm-like
cause severe discomfort if ingested, and and lateral clusters of tubular, pale yellow shrub, eventually with a thick, upright
contact with sap may irritate skin. flowers in summer. To treat as an DILLENIA trunk. H 6–12ft (2–4m), S 5–10ft (1.5–3m).
D. amoena of gardens. See D. seguine herbaceous perennial, cut back to ground Feather-like leaves, 2–4ft (60cm–1.2m) long,
‘Amoena’. level each spring and apply mulch and DILLENIACEAE have spine-tipped, blue-green leaflets.
D. ‘Exotica’. See D. seguine ‘Exotica’. fertilizer. Z4–8 H8–1. Z8–11 H12–5.
D. maculata ‘Exotica’. See D. seguine Genus of evergreen or briefly deciduous,
‘Exotica’. ‘Rudolph Roehrs’. See DIETES spring-flowering trees, grown for their DIOSCOREA
D. seguine ‘Rudolph Roehrs’. flowers and foliage and for shade. Needs
D. ‘Memoria’. See D. seguine ‘Memoria IRIDACEAE moist, fertile soil and full light. Water DIOSCOREACEAE
Corsii’. container plants freely while in full growth,
D. seguine. Evergreen, tufted perennial. Genus of evergreen, iris-like, rhizomatous less in winter. Propagate by seed in spring. Genus of tuberous perennials, some of
H  and S 3ft (1m) or more. Broadly lance- perennials, grown for their flowers in D. indica (Chulta). Briefly deciduous, which are succulent, and herbaceous
shaped leaves, to 18in (45cm) long, are spring or summer. Needs sun or partial spreading tree. H and S 25–40ft (8–12m). Has or evergreen, twining climbers, grown
glossy and dark green. Insignificant, tiny, shade and rich, well-drained soil that does oval, serrated, boldly parallel-veined, glossy mainly for their leaves. Insignificant
greenish-white flowers, clustered on the not dry out excessively. Propagate by seed leaves, 1ft (30cm) long. Nodding, cup- flowers are generally yellow. Prefers full
spadix, are surrounded by a narrow, in fall or spring or by division in spring shaped, white flowers, 6–8in (15–20cm) wide, sun or partial shade and fertile, well-
leaflike spathe that is produced (although divisions do not become are produced in spring, followed by edible, drained soil. Propagate by division, or
intermittently. Z14–15 H12–1. ‘Amoena’, re-established very readily). globular, greenish fruits. Z14–15 H12–1. by cutting off sections of tuber in spring
syn. D. amoena of gardens, H to 6ft (2m), D. bicolor, illus. p.395. or fall or by seed in spring.
is robust and has creamy-white bars along D. iridioides, syn. D. vegeta of gardens. DIMORPHOTHECA D. discolor. See D. dodecaneura.
lateral veins on leaves. ‘Exotica’, syn. Evergreen, spring- and summer-flowering, D. dodecaneura, syn. D. discolor,
D. ‘Exotica’, D. maculata ‘Exotica’, illus. rhizomatous perennial. H to 2ft (60cm), African daisy, Cape marigold illus. p.459.
p.465. ‘Memoria Corsii’, syn. D. S 1–2ft (30–60cm). Bears semierect, sword- COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE D. elephantipes, syn. Testudinaria
‘Memoria’ has gray-green leaves, marked shaped, basal leaves in a spreading fan. elephantipes, illus. p.492.
dark green and spotted white. ‘Rudolph Branching, wiry stems bear iris-like, white Genus of annuals, perennials and
Roehrs’, syn. D. maculata ‘Rudolph flowers, 21/2–3in (6–8cm) across; each of the evergreen subshrubs. Requires sun and DIOSMA D
Roehrs’, D. seguine ‘Roehrs’, illus. p.474. 3 large petals has a central, yellow mark. fertile, very well-drained soil. Dead-head
‘Roehrs’. See D. seguine ‘Rudolph Z8–11 H12–8. to prolong flowering. Propagate annuals RUTACEAE
Roehrs’. D. vegeta of gardens. See D. iridioides. by seed sown under glass in mid-spring,
perennials by semiripe cuttings in summer. Genus of evergreen, wiry-stemmed shrubs,
DIERAMA DIGITALIS Is susceptible to botrytis in wet summers. grown for their flowers and overall
D. annua. See D. pluvialis. appearance. Needs full light and well-
Angel’s fishing rod, Wandflower Foxglove D. barberae of gardens. See drained, neutral to acid soil. Water
Osteospermum jucundum. container specimens moderately when in
IRIDACEAE SCROPHULARIACEAE/PLANTAGINACEAE D. pluvialis, syn. D. annua, illus. p.299. full growth, less at other times. To create
a compact habit, shorten flowered stems
Genus of evergreen, clump-forming, Genus of biennials and perennials, some DIONAEA after flowering. Propagate by seed in
summer-flowering corms, grown for their are evergreen, grown for their summer spring or by semiripe cuttings in late
pendent, funnel- or bell-shaped flowers on flower spikes. Species mentioned below DROSERACEAE summer.
long, arching, wiry stems. Flourishes near grow in most conditions, even dry, exposed D. ericoides (Breath of heaven). Fast-
pools. Prefers a warm, sheltered, sunny site sites, but do best in partial shade and moist Genus of evergreen, insectivorous, rosette- growing, evergreen, loosely rounded
and well-drained soil that should be kept but well-drained soil. Propagate by seed forming perennials. Needs partial shade shrub. H and S 1–2ft (30–60cm). Aromatic,
moist in summer when in growth. Dies and a humid atmosphere; grow in a needlelike leaves are crowded on stems.
down partially in winter. Propagate by in fall. T All parts may cause severe mixture of peat and moss, kept constantly In winter–spring produces a profusion of
division of corms in spring or by seed in moist. Propagate by seed or division small, fragrant, 5-petaled, white flowers,
fall or spring. Resents disturbance, and discomfort if ingested. Contact with foliage in spring. sometimes tinted red. Z13–15 H12–10.
divisions take a year or more to settle may irritate skin. D. muscipula, illus. p.473.
and start flowering again. D. ambigua. See D. grandiflora. Diosphaera. See Trachelium.
D. ‘Blackbird’. Evergreen, upright D. canariensis. See Isoplexis canariensis. DIONYSIA Diosphaera asperuloides. See
perennial. H 5ft (1.5m), S 1ft (30cm). D. eriostachya. See D. lutea. Trachelium asperuloides.
Produces cascades of nodding, funnel- D. ferruginea (Rusty foxglove). Perennial PRIMULACEAE
shaped, violet-mauve flowers on wiry, best treated as a biennial. H 3–4ft (1–1.2m), DIOSPYROS 565
pendulous stems, in summer, above S 1ft (30cm). Long, slender spikes bear Genus of evergreen, cushion-forming
grasslike leaves. Z7–9 H9–7. funnel-shaped, orange-br own and white perennials. Grow in an alpine house in EBENACEAE
D. dracomontanum, syn. D. pumilum. flowers in mid-summer above basal sun and very gritty, well-drained soil.
Vigorous, evergreen, upright perennial. rosettes of oval, rough leaves. Z4–9 H9–1. Position deep collar of grit under cushion Genus of deciduous or evergreen trees and
H 30in (75cm), S 12in (30cm). In summer D. grandiflora, syn. D. ambigua (Yellow and ensure good ventilation at all times. shrubs, grown for their foliage and fruits.
freely produces nodding, funnel-shaped foxglove). Evergreen, clump-forming Dislikes winter wet. Propagate by softwood To obtain fruits, plants of both sexes should
flowers, in shades of pink and violet, on perennial. H 30in (75cm), S 12in (30cm). cuttings in summer. Plants are susceptible be grown. Needs full sun and does best in
wiry stems. Leaves are grasslike. Z8–9 Racemes of downward-pointing, tubular, to botrytis. hot summers. Requires fertile, well-drained
H9–7. creamy-yellow flowers are borne in D. aretioides, illus. p.358. soil. Propagate by seed in fall.
D. ensifolium. See D. pendulum. summer above a rosette of oval to oblong, D. microphylla. Evergreen perennial. D. kaki (Chinese persimmon, Japanese
D. pendulum, syn. D. ensifolium, illus. smooth, strongly veined leaves. Z3–8 H8–1. H 2in (5cm), S 6in (15cm). Rosettes of oval persimmon, Kaki). Deciduous, spreading
p.392. D. lutea, syn. D. eriostachya. Upright to rounded, often sharply pointed, gray- tree. H 30ft (10m), S 22ft (7m). Oval, glossy,
D. pulcherrimum, illus. p.386. perennial. H 30in (75cm), S 12in (30cm). green leaves, with mealy, yellow coating dark green leaves turn orange, red and
D. pumilum. See D. dracomontanum. In summer, delicate spires of downward- beneath, form tight cushions. Small, short- purple in fall. Tiny, yellowish-white flowers
pointing, narrowly tubular, creamy-yellow stemmed, 5-petaled, white-eyed, pale to in summer are followed on female trees by
DIERVILLA flowers are borne above a rosette of oval, deep violet-yellow flowers, with darker large, edible, rounded, yellow or orange
smooth, mid-green leaves. Z3–8 H8–1. petal bases, are produced in early spring. fruits. Z7–10 H10–7.
CAPRIFOLIACEAE D. x mertonensis. Clump-forming Z5–7 H7–5. D. lotus (Date plum). Deciduous,
perennial. H 30in (75cm), S 12in (30cm). D. tapetodes, illus. p.358. spreading tree. H 30ft (10m), S 20ft (6m).
Genus of deciduous, summer-flowering Produces spikes of downward-pointing, Has oval, glossy, dark green leaves, tiny,
shrubs. Is similar to Weigela. Needs partial tubular, rose-mauve to coppery flowers in DIOON red-tinged, green flowers from mid-
shade or full sun and moderately fertile, summer, above a rosette of oval, hairy, soft to late summer and, on female trees,
well-drained soil. To keep the shrub neat, leaves. Divide after flowering. Z3–8 H8–1. ZAMIACEAE unpalatable, rounded, purple or yellow
remove 2- and 3-year-old stems in winter D. purpurea (Common foxglove). fruits. Z6–10 H10–6.
or after flowering. Propagate by semiripe Upright, short-lived perennial, grown as Genus of evergreen shrubs, grown for their
cuttings in late summer or by hardwood a biennial. H 3–5ft (1–1.5m), S 2ft (60cm). palm-like appearance. Requires full sun and
cuttings in fall. Has a rosette of oval, rough, deep green fertile, well-drained soil. Water container

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DIPCADI mid- and late summer of the second (15cm) wide, in spring–summer along felted beneath. In spring has fragrant,
year. Self-seeds readily and can escape indented edges of stems. Z11–14 H12–5. white flowers, pink in bud; ovoid, downy,
LILIACEAE/ASPARAGACEAE cultivation. Z5–8 H8–5. D. flagelliformis. See Aporocactus yellow fruits follow in fall. Z8–10 H10–8.
flagelliformis.
Genus of spring-flowering bulbs, grown DIPTERONIA D. ‘Gloria’, illus. p.485. DODECATHEON
mainly for botanical interest. Will not D. ‘Jennifer Ann’, illus. p.496.
tolerate cold, wet winters, so is best grown ACERACEAE/SAPINDACEAE D. ‘M.A. Jeans’, illus. p.485. Shooting stars
in a cold frame or alpine house. Needs D. phyllanthoides ‘Deutsche
a warm, sunny situation and light, well- Genus of deciduous trees, grown for Kaiserin’, illus. p.485. PRIMULACEAE
drained soil. Is dormant in summer. their foliage and fruits. Needs full sun and
Propagate by seed in fall. fertile, well-drained soil. Propagate by DISPORUM Genus of spring- and summer-flowering
D. serotinum, illus. p.422. softwood cuttings in summer or by seed perennials, grown for their flowers,
in fall. Fairy bells with reflexed petals and prominent
DIPELTA D. sinensis. Deciduous, spreading, LILIACEAE/COLCHICACEAE stamens. Once fertilized, flowers turn
sometimes shrubby tree. H 30ft (10m), skywards—hence their common name.
CAPRIFOLIACEAE S 20ft (6m). Large, mid-green leaves have Genus of spring- and early summer- Is dormant after flowering. Prefers sun
7–11 oval to lance-shaped leaflets. flowering perennials. Is suitable for or partial shade and moist but well-
Genus of deciduous shrubs, with bold, Inconspicuous, greenish-white flowers woodland gardens. Requires partial shade drained soil. Propagate by seed in fall
long-pointed leaves, grown for their in summer are followed by large clusters and rich soil. Propagate by division in or by division in winter.
tubular flowers and peeling bark. of winged, red fruits. Z8–10 H10–8. spring or by seed in fall. D. dentatum (White shooting star).
After flowering, bracts beneath flowers D. hookeri. Clump-forming perennial. Clump-forming perennial. H 3in (7cm),
enlarge and become papery and brown, DISA H 30in (75cm), S 12in (30cm). Leaves are S 10in (25cm). Leaves are long, oval and
surrounding the fruits. Requires sun or narrowly oval and mid-green. Orange-red toothed. In late spring bears white
partial shade and fertile, well-drained ORCHIDACEAE berries in fall follow clusters of drooping, flowers, with dark stamens and reflexed
soil. Benefits from the occasional removal open bell-shaped, greenish-white flowers petals. Prefers partial shade. Z4–8 H8–2.
of old shoots after flowering. Propagate See also ORCHIDS. in spring. Z4–9 H9–1. D. hendersonii, illus. p.333.
by softwood cuttings in summer. D. uniflora. Deciduous, terrestrial orchid. D. sessile ‘Variegatum’. Rapidly D. meadia (Eastern shooting star).
D. floribunda, illus. p.111. H 11/2–2ft (45–60cm). Has narrowly lance- spreading, clump-forming perennial. Clump-forming perennial. H 8in (20cm),
D. yunnanensis, illus. p.110. shaped, glossy, dark green leaves, 9in (22cm) H 18in (45cm), S 12in (30cm). Solitary, S 6in (15cm). Leaves are oval and pale
long. In early summer each stem bears up to tubular-bell-shaped to bell-shaped, creamy- green. In spring bears pale pink flowers,
DIPHYLLEIA 7 hooded, scarlet flowers, 3–4in (8–10 cm) white flowers are produced in spring. Has with reflexed petals, above foliage. Prefers
long, that have darker veins and are suffused narrowly oval, pleated leaves irregularly partial shade. Z4–8 H8–1. f. album,
BERBERIDACEAE yellow. Needs partial shade and continually striped with white. Z4–9 H9–1. illus. p.333.
moist soil. Grow from seed or propagate D. pauciflorum. See D. pulchellum.
Genus of perennials with creeping by division of offsets when dormant. Z13–15 DISTICTIS D. pulchellum, syn. D. pauciflorum.
rootstocks and umbrella-like leaves. Is H12–10. Clump-forming perennial. H 6in (15cm),
best suited to woodland gardens. Needs BIGNONIACEAE S 4in (10cm). Is similar to D. meadia but
partial shade and moist soil. Propagate by DISANTHUS flowers are usually deep cerise. Z4–7 H8–2.
division in spring or by seed in fall. Genus of evergreen, woody-stemmed, ‘Red Wings’, illus. p.333.
D. cymosa (Umbrella leaf). Rounded HAMAMELIDACEAE tendril climbers, grown for their colorful,
perennial. H 24in (60cm), S 12in (30cm). trumpet-shaped flowers. Needs well- DODONAEA
Genus of one species of deciduous, fall- drained soil and full light. Water freely
D Has large, rounded, 2-lobed leaves. In flowering shrub, grown for its overall in summer, less at other times. Support SAPINDACEAE
spring bears loose heads of inconspicuous, appearance and fall color. Needs partial for stems is necessary. Thin out congested
white flowers followed by indigo-blue shade and rich, moist but not wet, neutral growth in spring. Propagate by softwood Genus of evergreen trees and shrubs,
berries on red stalks. Z7–10 H10–7. to acid soil. Propagate by layering in spring cuttings in early summer or by semiripe grown mainly for their foliage and overall
or by seed when ripe or in spring. cuttings in late summer. appearance. Prefers full sun and well-
Dipidax. See Onixotis. D. cercidifolius, illus. p.141. D. buccinatoria, syn. Phaedranthus drained soil. Water container plants freely
Dipidax triquetrum. See Onixotis buccinatorius, illus. p.461. when in full growth, less at other times.
triquetra. DISCARIA Cut back in late summer and in spring
Diplacus glutinosus. See Mimulus DISTYLIUM if needed, to maintain a balanced shape.
aurantiacus. RHAMNACEAE Propagate by seed in spring or by
Dipladenia. See Mandevilla. HAMAMELIDACEAE semiripe cuttings in late summer.
Dipladenia boliviensis. See Mandevilla Genus of deciduous or almost leafless D. viscosa ‘Purpurea’, illus. p.457.
boliviensis. shrubs and trees, grown for their habit Genus of evergreen shrubs and trees,
Dipladenia splendens. See Mandevilla and flowers. Spiny, green shoots assume grown for their foliage and flowers. Prefers Dolichos lablab. See Lablab purpureus.
splendens. function of leaves. Needs a sheltered, sunny a sheltered, partially shaded position and Dolichos purpureus. See Lablab
site and fertile, well-drained soil. Propagate moist, peaty soil. Propagate by semiripe purpureus.
DIPLARRHENA by softwood cuttings in summer. cuttings in summer.
D. toumatou (Wild Irishman). Deciduous D. racemosum. Evergreen, arching DOMBEYA
IRIDACEAE or almost leafless, bushy shrub. H and S 6ft shrub. H 6ft (2m), S 10ft (3m). Leaves are
(2m). Shoots have sharp, rigid spines. Tiny, oblong, leathery, glossy and dark green. STERCULIACEAE/MALVACEAE
Genus of one species of summer-flowering star-shaped, greenish-white flowers are Bears small flowers, with red calyces and
perennial. Needs sun and well-drained soil. borne in dense clusters in late spring. Z8–9 purple anthers, from late spring to early Genus of evergreen shrubs and trees,
Propagate by seed or division in spring. H9–8. summer. Z11 H12–10. grown for their flowers. Needs full sun or
D. moraea, illus. p.264. partial shade and fertile, well-drained soil.
DISOCACTUS Dizygotheca elegantissima. See Water container plants freely when in full
566 DIPSACUS Schefflera elegantissima. growth, less when temperatures fall. Cut
CACTACEAE back after flowering. Propagate by seed
Teasel DOCYNIA in spring or by semiripe cuttings in
Genus of epiphytic, perennial cacti with summer. Whitefly and red spider mite
DIPSACACEAE/CAPRIFOLIACEAE flattened, strap-shaped stems. Is closely ROSACEAE may be a nuisance.
related to Epiphyllum, with which it D. burgessiae, syn. D. mastersii.
Genus of biennials or short-lived hybridizes. Spines are insignificant. Stems Genus of evergreen or semievergreen, Evergreen shrub. H 6–12ft (2–4m), S 5–10ft
perennials, grown for their flower heads, may die back after flowering. Needs partial spring-flowering trees, grown for their (1.5–3m). Has rounded, 3-lobed, downy
which are good for drying. Requires sun or shade and rich, well-drained soil. Propagate flowers and foliage; is related to Cydonia. leaves and dense clusters of fragrant,
partial shade and fertile soil. Sow seed in by stem cuttings in spring or summer. Requires full sun and well-drained soil. white flowers, with pink to red veins, in
fall or spring. D. ackermannii, syn. Epiphyllum Other than shaping while young, pruning is fall–winter. Z12–15 H12–10.
D. fullonum (Teasel). Prickly biennial. ackermannii, Nopalxochia ackermannii (Red not necessary. Propagate by seed in spring D. x cayeuxii, illus. p.450.
H 5–6ft (1.5–2m), S 12–32in (30–80cm). In orchid cactus). Erect, then pendent, or fall, by budding in summer or by grafting D. mastersii. See D. burgessiae.
the first year produces basal rosette of epiphytic, perennial cactus. H 1ft (30cm), in winter. Caterpillars may be troublesome.
toothed, dark green leaves covered in S 2ft (60cm). Has fleshy, toothed, green D. delavayi. Evergreen or semievergreen, Dondia. See Hacquetia.
spiny pustules. Thistle-like, pinkish- stems, to 3in (7cm) across and 16in (40cm) spreading tree. H and S 25ft (8m) or more.
purple or white flower heads, with stiff, long. Bears funnel-shaped, red flowers, 6in Oval to lance-shaped leaves are white-
prickly bracts, are borne terminally on
upright stems with paired leaves in

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DORONICUM turn brown except at the tips, appearing DRACOCEPHALUM D. colorata. See Pseudowintera colorata.
dead. Is suitable for alpine houses. Needs D. lanceolata, syn. D. aromatica, illus.
Leopard’s bane sun and gritty, well-drained soil. Dislikes Dragon’s head p.197.
winter wet. Propagate by softwood LABIATAE/LAMIACEAE D. winteri, syn. Wintera aromatica, illus.
COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE cuttings of the rosettes in late spring or p.73.
by seed in fall. Genus of summer-flowering annuals and
Genus of perennials, grown for their D. aizoides (Yellow whitlow grass). perennials, suitable for rock gardens and DROSANTHEMUM
daisylike flowers, which are good for Semievergreen, mat-forming perennial. borders. Prefers sun and fertile, well-
cutting. Most prefer full sun or partial H 1in (2.5cm), S 6in (15cm). Has lance- drained soil. Propagate by seed or division AIZOACEAE
shade and moist but well-drained soil. shaped, stiff-bristled leaves in rosettes in spring or fall or by basal cuttings of
Propagate by division in fall. and, in spring, 4-petaled, bright yellow young growth in spring. Genus of erect or prostrate, succulent
D. austriacum. Clump-forming flowers. Is suitable for a gravel garden. D. ruyschiana. Erect perennial. shrubs with slender stems and summer
perennial. H 18in (45cm), S 12in (30cm). Z4–6 H6–1. H 18–24in (45–60cm), S 12in (30cm). Freely flowers. Needs full sun and very well-
Bears daisylike, pure yellow flower heads D. bryoides. See D. rigida var. bryoides. bears whorled spikes of 2-lipped, violet- drained soil. Propagate by seed or stem
on slender stems in spring. Heart-shaped, D. hispanica. Semievergreen, cushion- blue flowers from early to mid-summer. cuttings in spring or summer.
wavy-edged bright green leaves are hairy. forming perennial. H 2in (5cm), S 4in Mid-green leaves are linear to lance- D. hispidum. Shrub with arching or
Z5–8 H8–5. (10cm). Pale green leaves are oval and shaped. Z3–7 H7–1. spreading branches that root down.
D. x excelsum ‘Harpur Crewe’, syn. soft. Clusters of flat, 4-petaled, pale D. sibiricum. See Nepeta sibirica. H 2ft (60cm), S 3ft (1m). Has cylindrical,
D. plantagineum ‘Excelsum’. Clump- yellow flowers are borne in spring. light green leaves, 5/8–1in (1.5–2.5cm) long.
forming perennial. H 3ft (1m), S 2ft (60cm). Z4–6 H6–1. DRACUNCULUS In summer bears masses of daisylike,
Large, daisylike, buttercup-yellow flower D. longisiliqua, illus. p.357. purple flowers, to 11/4in (3cm) across.
heads are borne, 3 or 4 to a stem, in D. mollissima, illus. p.358. ARACEAE Z10–13 H12–9.
spring. Leaves are heart-shaped and D. polytricha. Semievergreen, cushion- D. speciosum. Erect, shrubby
bright green. Is good for a dry, shaded forming perennial. H 21/2in (6cm), S 6in Genus of robust, tuberous perennials that succulent. H 2ft (60cm), S 3ft (1m).
site. Z4–8 H8–1. (15cm). Forms rosettes of tiny round leaves. produce roughly triangular, foul-smelling Has semicylindrical leaves, 1/2–3/4in
D. ‘Frühlingspracht’. Clump-forming Bears flat, 4-petaled, golden-yellow flowers spathes. Where marginally hardy protect (1–2cm) long. Masses of daisylike, green-
perennial. H 18in (45cm), S 12in (30cm). in spring. Is difficult to grow. Keep stones dormant tubers with a heavy mulch. Needs centered, orange-red flowers, to 2in (5cm)
Produces daisylike, double, bright yellow under cushion at all times. Remove dead sun and well-drained soil that dries out in across, are produced in summer. Z9–13
flower heads in spring. Has heart-shaped, rosettes at once. Z4–6 H6–1. summer. Propagate by offsets in late H12–9.
bright green leaves. Z5–8 H8–5. D. rigida, illus. p.357. var. bryoides, syn. summer or by seed in fall.
D. ‘Miss Mason’, illus. p.227. D. bryoides is an evergreen, hummock- D. vulgaris, syn. Arum dracunculus, illus. DROSERA D
D. orientale ‘Magnificum’, illus. p.263. forming perennial. H 11/2in (4cm), S 21/2ft p.386.
D. plantagineum ‘Excelsum’. See D. x (6cm). Has tiny, round, dark green leaves. Sundew
excelsum ‘Harpur Crewe’. Produces small clusters of almost stemless, DREGEA
4-petaled, bright yellow flowers that cover DROSERACEAE
DOROTHEANTHUS hummocks in spring. ASCLEPIADACEAE/APOCYNACEAE
Genus of evergreen, insectivorous
AIZOACEAE DRACAENA Genus of evergreen, woody-stemmed, perennials. Grow in sun, in a mixture of
twining climbers, grown for botanical peat and moss that is not allowed to dry
Genus of succulent annuals, suitable for AGAVACEAE/ASPARAGACEAE interest. Needs sun and well-drained soil. out. Propagate by seed or division in
hot, dry places such as rock gardens, screes Propagate by seed in spring or by stem spring.
and gaps in paving. Needs sun and grows Genus of evergreen trees and shrubs, cuttings in summer or fall. D. capensis, illus. p.473.
well in poor, very well-drained soil. Dead- grown for their foliage. Needs full sun or D. corrugata. See D. sinensis. D. spatulata, illus. p.473.
head to prolong flowering. Propagate by partial shade and well-drained soil. Water D. sinensis, syn. D. corrugata, Wattakaka
seed sown under glass in early spring, or container plants moderately, much less in sinensis, illus. p.197. DRYANDRA
outdoors in mid-spring. Protect from slugs low temperatures. Rejuvenate leggy plants
and snails. by cutting back to near soil level in spring. Drejerella guttata. See Justicia PROTEACEAE
D. bellidiformis, syn. Propagate by seed or air-layering in brandegeeana.
Mesembryanthemum criniflorum spring or by tip or stem cuttings in Drepanostachyum falconeri. See Genus of evergreen, spring- to summer-
(Livingstone daisy). Z11 H9–1. ‘Magic summer. Mealy bug may be a nuisance. Himalayacalamus falconeri. flowering shrubs and trees, grown
Carpet’ is a carpeting annual. H 6in D. australis. See Cordyline australis. for their flowers, foliage and overall
(15cm), S 12in (30cm). Has lance-shaped, D. deremensis. See D. fragrans DRIMIA appearance. Needs full light and
pale green leaves. Daisylike flowers, in Deremensis Group. ‘Souvenir de well-drained, sandy soil that is low in
bright shades of red, pink, yellow or white, Schrijver’. See D. fragrans Deremensis LILIACEAE/HYACINTHACEAE nutrients. Is difficult to grow. Water
open in sun. Group ‘Warneckei’. ‘Warneckei’. See D. container plants moderately, less in
fragrans Deremensis Group ‘Warneckei’. Genus of late summer- or early fall- low temperatures. Plants under glass
DORYANTHES D. draco, illus. p.451. flowering bulbs, growing on or near soil must be freely ventilated. Propagate
D. fragrans (Corn plant). Z14–15 H12–1. surface, with spear-shaped flower spikes by seed in spring.
LILIACEAE/DORYANTHACEAE Deremensis Group, syn. D. deremensis up to 5ft (1.5m) high. Needs sun and well- D. formosa. Evergreen, bushy shrub.
is a slow-growing, evergreen, sparsely drained soil that dries out while bulbs are H 6–15ft (2–5m), S 5–10ft (1.5–3m).
Genus of evergreen, rosette-forming branched shrub. H 6ft (2m) or more, S 3ft dormant in summer. Plant in mid- to late Strap-shaped leaves are divided into
perennials, grown for their flowers. Needs (1m) or more. Has erect to arching, lance- summer. Water until leaves die down. triangular, closely set lobes, creating a
a sunny position and rich, well-drained shaped, glossy, deep green leaves, to 18in Propagate by seed in fall or by offsets saw-blade effect. In spring produces
soil. Propagate by mature bulbils, by seed (45cm) long. Mature plants may bear large in late summer. small, scented, tubular, orange-yellow
in spring or by suckers after flowering. panicles of small, red-and-white flowers in D. maritima, syn. Urginea maritima. Late flowers in domed, terminal heads.
D. palmeri, illus. p.470. summer. ‘Warneckei’, syn. D. deremensis summer- or early fall-flowering bulb. Bears Z10–11 H12–10.
‘Souvenir de Schrijver’, D. deremensis broadly sword-shaped, erect, basal leaves
Dorycnium hirsutum. See Lotus ‘Warneckei’, illus. p.454. ‘Massangeana’ in fall after long spikes of small star- DRYAS 567
hirsutus. has broad longitudinally banded leaves of shaped, white flowers.
Douglasia vitaliana. See Vitaliana yellow and pale green interspersed with Mountain avens
primuliflora. narrow, gray-green stripes. Z13–15 H12–10. DRIMYS
Doxantha capreolata. See Bignonia D. indivisa. See Cordyline indivisa. ROSACEAE
capreolata. D. marginata. Slow-growing, evergreen, WINTERACEAE
Doxantha unguis-cati. See Macfadyena erect shrub or tree. H 10ft (3m) or more, Genus of evergreen, prostrate, woody-
unguis-cati. S 3–6ft (1–2m) or more. Leaves are Genus of evergreen trees and shrubs, based perennials, grown for their oak-like
narrowly strap-shaped and rich green with grown for their foliage and star-shaped leaves and cup-shaped flowers. Is useful
DRABA red margins. Flowers are rarely produced. flowers. Where marginally hardy, grow on banks and walls, in rock gardens and
Z11–12 H12–1. ‘Tricolor’, illus. p.452. against a sunny wall. Needs sun or as groundcover. Prefers sun and gritty,
CRUCIFERAE/BRASSICACEAE D. sanderiana, illus. p.453. partial shade and fertile, moist but well-drained, peaty soil. Propagate
well-drained soil. Propagate by by seed or by semiripe cuttings in
Genus of spring-flowering annuals and semiripe cuttings in summer or by summer.
evergreen or semievergreen, cushion- or seed in fall. D. drummondii. Evergreen, prostrate,
mat-forming perennials. Some species D. aromatica. See D. lanceolata. woody-based perennial. H 2in (5cm),
form soft, green cushions that in winter D. axillaris. See Pseudowintera axillaris. S  indefinite. Sturdy stems are clothed
in small, oval, lobed, leathery, dark green

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leaves. In early summer bears nodding, fronds, 8–20in (20–50cm) long, with up to DYCKIA E
cream flowers that never fully open. 6 pairs of narrowly lance-shaped pinnae,
Z2–6 H6–1. 6–12in (15–30cm) long. Z6–8 H8–6. BROMELIACEAE ECCREMOCARPUS
D. octopetala, illus. p.361. D. wallichiana, illus. p.292.
D. x suendermannii. Evergreen, Genus of evergreen, rosette-forming BIGNONIACEAE
prostrate, woody-based perennial. DUCHESNEA perennials. Requires full light and well-
H 2in (5cm), S indefinite. Is similar to drained soil containing sharp sand or grit. Genus of evergreen, subshrubby, tendril
D. drummondii, but has slightly nodding, ROSACEAE Water moderately in summer, scarcely or climbers, grown for their flowers, which
pale cream flowers that open horizontally. not at all in winter, sparingly at other times. appear over a long period. One species
Z3–6 H6–1. Genus of perennials, some of which are Propagate by offsets or division in spring. only is commonly grown. Usually treated
semievergreen, grown as groundcover D. remotiflora. Evergreen, basal-rosetted as an annual. Needs full sun and well-
DRYOPTERIS as well as for their flowers. Is suitable perennial. H and S 12–20in (30–50cm). Has drained soil. Propagate by seed in early
for hanging baskets. Needs well-drained dense rosettes of arching, very narrowly spring.
Wood fern soil and sun or partial shade. Propagate triangular, pointed, thick-textured, dull E. scaber, illus. p.208.
by division in spring, by rooting plantlets green leaves with hooked spines and gray
DRYOPTERIDACEAE/ASPIDIACEAE formed at ends of runners in summer scales beneath. Woolly spikes of tubular, ECHEVERIA
or by seed in fall. orange-yellow flowers are produced above
Genus of deciduous or semievergreen D. indica, syn. Fragaria indica (Indian the foliage in summer–fall. Z13–15 H12–10. CRASSULACEAE
ferns, many of which form regular, strawberry). Semievergreen, trailing
shuttlecock-like crowns. Requires shade perennial. H to 4in (10cm), S indefinite. DYPSIS Genus of rosetted, perennial succulents
and moist soil. Regularly remove fading Dark green leaves have 3 toothed leaflets with long-lasting flowers. Leaves take
fronds. Propagate by spores in summer like those of strawberries. Solitary, PALMAE/ARECACEAE on their brightest colors from fall to spring.
or by division in fall or winter. 5-petaled, bright yellow flowers, to Needs sun, good ventilation and very well-
D. affinis, syn. D. borreri, D. pseudomas 1in (2.5cm) wide, with leafy, green frills Genus of evergreen palms, grown for their drained soil. Propagate by seed, stem or
(Golden male fern). Virtually evergreen of sepals, are borne from spring to elegant appearance. Needs full light or leaf cuttings, division or offsets in spring
fern. H and S to 3ft (1m). Has a early summer. Strawberry-like, tasteless, partial shade and fertile, well-drained soil. or summer.
“shuttlecock” of lance-shaped, divided red fruits develop in late summer. Water container specimens moderately, E. agavoides. Basal-rosetted, perennial
fronds, 8–32in (20–80cm) tall, from an Z6–8 H8–6. much less when temperatures are low. succulent. H 6in (15cm), S 12in (30cm). Has
erect rhizome. Fronds are pale green as Propagate by seed in spring at not less tapering, light green leaves, often red-
they unfurl in spring, in contrast to the DUDLEYA than 79°F (26°C). Red spider mite may margined. Bears cup-shaped, red flowers,
scaly, golden brown midribs; they mature sometimes be a nuisance. 1/2in (1cm) long, in summer. Z10–11 H12–1.
to dark green and often remain green CRASSULACEAE D. lutescens, syn. Areca lutescens, E. cooperi. See Adromischus cooperi.
through winter. Is distinguished from D. Chrysalidocarpus lutescens, illus. p.452. E. derenbergii. Clump-forming,
filix-mas by a dark spot where each Genus of basal-rosetted, perennial (Azores heath) perennial succulent. H 11/2in (4cm), S 12in
pinna joins the midrib. Z6–8 H8–6. succulents, closely related to Echeveria. (30cm). Produces short-stemmed rosette of
D D. atrata. See D. cycadina. Requires full sun and very well-drained rounded, gray-green leaves. Flower stem,
D. austriaca. See D. dilatata. soil. Water sparingly when plants are 3in (8cm) long, produces cup-shaped,
568 D. borreri. See D. affinis. semi-dormant in mid-summer. Propagate yellow-and-red or orange flowers in
D. carthusiana (Spinulose wood fern, by seed or division in spring or summer. spring. Offsets freely. Is often used as
Toothed wood fern). Deciduous or D. brittonii. Basal-rosetted, perennial a parent in breeding. Z13–15 H12–10.
semievergreen, creeping, rhizomatous succulent. H 8–24in (20–60cm) or more E. elegans, illus. p.484.
fern. H 3ft (1m), S 18in (45cm). Produces when in flower, S 20in (50cm). Has E. gibbiflora. Rosetted, perennial
lance-shaped, much-divided, mid-green narrowly lance-shaped, tapering, succulent. H 4–10in (10–25cm), S 12in
fronds with triangular to oval pinnae. fleshy, silvery-white leaves. Masses of (30cm). Rosettes of spoon-shaped, pointed,
Z6–8 H8–6. star-shaped, pale yellow flowers are gray-green leaves, often tinged red-brown,
D. cycadina, syn. D. atrata, D. hirtipes. produced in spring–summer. Z13–15 are stemless or borne on short stems. Cup-
Deciduous fern. H 24in (60cm), S 18in H12–10. shaped, red flowers, yellow within, are
(45cm). Has an erect rhizome producing D. pulverulenta, illus. p.490. borne on stems, 3ft (90cm) long, in fall–
a “shuttlecock” of lance-shaped, divided, winter. Z13–15 H12–10. var. metallica,
bright green fronds, 18in (45cm) long, DURANTA syn. E. gibbiflora ‘Metallica’ has white- or
with green midribs. Z6–9 H9–6. red-margined, purple-green leaves that
D. dilatata, syn. D. austriaca (Broad VERBENACEAE mature to green-bronze. ‘Metallica’. See
buckler fern). Deciduous or semievergreen E. gibbiflora var. metallica.
fern. H 3ft (1m), S 18in (45cm). Has much- Genus of fast-growing, evergreen or E. harmsii, syn. Oliveranthus elegans.
divided, arching, mid-green fronds, with partially deciduous trees and shrubs, Bushy, perennial succulent. H 8in (20cm),
triangular to oval pinnae, on sturdy, dark grown for their flowers and overall S 12in (30cm). Erect stems are each
brown stems. Z6–8 H8–5. appearance. Needs full light and fertile, crowned by rosette, 21/2in (6cm) wide, of
D. erythrosora, illus. p.293. well-drained soil. Water container plants short, narrowly lance-shaped, pale green
D. filix-mas, illus. p.293. ‘Grandiceps freely when in full growth, moderately at leaves covered in short hairs. In spring
Wills’ is a deciduous fern. H and S 3ft other times. Prune as necessary to curb bears cup-shaped, orange-tipped, red
(90m). Has “shuttlecocks” of broadly lance- vigor. Propagate by seed in spring or flowers, yellow within. Z13–15 H12–10.
shaped, tasselled, arching, mid-green by semiripe cuttings in summer. Whitefly E. montana. Rosetted, perennial
fronds, arising from crowns of large, may be troublesome. succulent. H 12in (30cm), S 4in (10cm).
upright, brown-scaled rhizomes. Tip D. erecta, syn. D. plumieri, D. repens, Spoon-shaped, pointed, waxy-bloomed,
of each frond has a heavy crest, and pinnae illus. p.319. ‘Gold Edge’, illus. p.319. light green leaves are produced in a small,
are also finely crested. D. plumieri. See D. erecta. short-stemmed, clustered rosette. Slender
D. goldieana (Giant wood fern, Goldie’s D. repens. See D. erecta. flower stem, 12–16in (30–40cm) long, bears
fern). Deciduous fern. H 3ft (1m), S 2ft cup-shaped, yellow to orange flowers in
(60cm). Has broadly oval, light green DUVALIA summer. Z13–15 H12–10.
fronds divided into numerous oblong, E. pulvinata (Plush plant). Bushy,
indented pinnae. Z6–8 H8–5. ASCLEPIADACEAE perennial succulent. H 12in (30cm), S 20in
D. hirtipes. See D. cycadina. (50cm). Has brown-haired stems topped by
D. marginalis (Marginal wood fern). Genus of clump-forming or carpeting, rosette of thick, rounded, green leaves that
Deciduous fern. H 24in (60cm), S 12in perennial succulents with short, thick, become red-edged in fall. Leaves have
(30cm). Fronds are lance-shaped, dark leafless stems; is closely related to short, white hairs. Bears red flowers in
green and divided into numerous oblong, Stapelia. Star-shaped flowers have spring. Z12–15 H12–10.
slightly indented pinnae. Z3–8 H8–1. thick, fleshy petals recurved at tips. E. secunda, illus. p.487.
D. pseudomas. See D. affinis. Requires partial shade and very well- E. setosa (Mexican firecracker). Basal-
D. sieboldii. Semievergreen, tufted fern. drained soil. Propagate by seed or stem rosetted, perennial succulent. H 11/2in (4cm),
H and S 1–2ft (30–60cm). Produces erect cuttings in spring or summer.
or arching, long-stalked, yellowish-green D. corderoyi, illus. p.493.

Duvernoia adhatodoides. See Justicia
adhatoda.

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S 12in (30cm). Has long, narrow, mid-green florets and a central, dark brown cone, out H to 24in (60cm), S to 32in (80cm). Spined, ECHINOPS
leaves covered in short, thick, white hairs. of which develop further, smaller ray green stem has 30 ribs. Woolly crown
Bears cup-shaped, red-and-yellow flowers florets. ELTON KNIGHT (‘Elbrook’), H 2ft bears a ring of straw-colored flowers in Globe thistle
in spring. Is prone to rotting: do not water (60cm) has a compact, bushy habit and summer, only on stems more than 15in
foliage. Z13–15 H12–10. produces numerous flower heads with (38cm) wide. Z9–10 H10–8. COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE
horizontal, bright pink ray florets and a E. ingens. See E. platyacanthus.
ECHINACEA central, purplish-red cone. ‘Fragrant E. myriostigma. See Astrophytum Genus of summer-flowering perennials,
Angel’ (illus. p.221), H 3ft (1m), bears myriostigma. grown for their globelike, spiky flower
Coneflower fragrant flower heads with overlapping, E. ornatus. See Astrophytum ornatum. heads. Does best in full sun and in poor
horizontal, white ray florets, sometimes E. platyacanthus, syn. E. ingens. Slow- soil. Propagate by division or seed in fall
COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE green tinged, and a central, orange cone. growing, hemispherical, perennial cactus. or by root cuttings in winter. Flower
‘Kim’s Knee High’, H 2ft (60cm) has a H 10ft (3m), S 6ft (2m). Gray-blue stem has heads dry well.
Genus of summer-flowering perennials. compact habit and produces masses of a woolly crown and up to 50 ribs. Funnel- E. bannaticus. Upright perennial. H 4–5ft
Prefers sun and rich, moist but well- small, warm pink flower heads with shaped, yellow flowers, 11/4in (3cm) across, (1.2–1.5m), S 21/2ft (75cm). Has narrow,
drained soil. Propagate by division or reflexed ray florets and a central, orange are produced in summer only on plants deeply cut leaves and pale to mid-blue
root cuttings in spring. cone. ‘Kim’s Mop Head’, H 20–24in more than 16in (40cm) in diameter. Z12–15 heads of spherical flowers, borne on
E. angustifolia, illus. p.221. Clump- (50–60cm), has a compact habit and H12–10. branching stems in late summer. Z5–9
forming perennial. H 32in (80cm), S 18in produces near-horizontal, white ray florets E. scheeri. See Sclerocactus scheeri. H9–5. ‘Taplow Blue’, illus. p.241.
(45cm). Has narrowly lance-shaped, hairy, and a central, greenish-orange cone. E. uncinatus. See Sclerocactus uncinatus. E. ritro ‘Veitch’s Blue’. Upright
dark green leaves. In summer, upright ‘Magnus’ (illus. p.221), H 3ft (1m), perennial. H 4ft (1.2m), S 21/2ft (75cm).
stems bear solitary, daisylike flower heads produces large, red-pink flower heads with ECHINOCEREUS Sharply divided, dark green leaves are
with narrow, reflexed, pale pinkish-purple rather broad, overlapping, horizontal ray covered in down beneath. Has round,
ray florets and a central, orange-brown florets. ‘Razzmatazz’ (illus. p.221), H 36in Hedgehog cactus thistle-like, purplish-blue heads of flowers
cone. Needs an open position. Z4–9 H9–1. (90cm), has soft pink flower heads, the borne in late summer on silvery stems.
E. ‘Green Envy’. Clump-forming, erect central cone of which develops into a CACTACEAE Z3–9 H11–1.
perennial. H 36in (100cm), S 12in (30cm). rounded pompom of shorter, reddish-pink E. sphaerocephalus. Massive, bushy
Has lance-shaped, dark green leaves. ray florets. May need staking. ‘Robert Genus of spherical to columnar, perennial perennial. H 6ft (2m), S 3ft (1m). Has deeply
In summer, upright stems bear solitary, Bloom’ illus. p.234. ‘Rubinstern’, H 32in cacti, freely branching with age, some with cut, mid-green leaves, pale gray beneath,
daisylike, lime-green flower heads with (80cm), bears large, reddish-pink flowers tuberous rootstocks. Buds, formed inside and gray stems bearing round, grayish-
a central, greenish-purple cone and rather with horizontal ray florets and a central, spiny stem, burst through skin, producing white flower heads in late summer. Z3–9
broad, overlapping ray florets, which are brownish-red cone. ‘Ruby Giant’, H 32in long-lasting flowers, with reflexed petal H9–1.
pinkish-purple at bases. Z4–9 H9–1. (80cm), produces sturdy stems bearing rich tips and prominent, green stigmas,
E. ‘Green Jewel’. Clump-forming, erect pink flower heads with a second row of ray followed by pear-shaped, spiny seed pods. ECHINOPSIS E
perennial. H 20–24in (50–60cm), S 12in florets; these are held horizontally, giving Some species tolerate light frost if dry.
(30cm). Has lance-shaped, dark green flowers an impression of greater size than Needs full sun and very well-drained soil. Easter lily cactus, Sea urchin cactus 569
leaves. In summer, upright stems bear selections with drooping ray florets. Propagate by seed or stem cuttings in
solitary, daisylike, soft-green flower heads ‘Sundown’ (illus. p.221), H 32in (80cm), spring or summer. CACTACEAE
with rather short, overlapping ray florets has a variable form and flower color, and E. baileyi. See E. reichenbachii var. baileyi.
and a central, bright green cone. Z4–9 H9–1. bears usually overlapping, near-horizontal, E. cinerascens. Clump-forming, Genus of spherical to columnar, perennial
E. ‘Harvest Moon’, illus. p.221. Clump- warm orange ray florets and a central, dark perennial cactus. H 1ft (30cm), S 3ft (1m). cacti, mostly freely branching; it is
forming, erect perennial. H to 24in (60cm), orange cone. ‘White Lustre’, H 4ft (1.2m), Has stems 3in (7cm) wide, each with 5–12 sometimes held to include Trichocereus.
S 12in (30cm). Has lance-shaped, dark has lance-shaped leaves and produces ribs. Areoles each bear 8–15 yellowish- Requires full sun and well-drained soil.
green leaves. In summer, upright often strong stems bearing white flower heads white spines. Mature plants produce Propagate by seed or offsets in spring
branched stems bear daisylike flower with a prominent, central, orange-brown masses of trumpet-shaped, bright pink or or summer.
heads with rather reflexed, orange-tinged, cone. Z3–9 H12–1. ‘White Swan’, H 28in purple flowers, 5in (12cm) across and with E. aurea, syn. Lobivia aurea, Pseudolobivia
soft yellow ray florets and a central, (70cm), bears rather reflexed, warm white paler petal bases, in spring. Z12–15 H12–10. aurea, Lobivia cylindrica, illus. p.495.
greenish-yellow cone. Z4–9 H9–1. ray florets and a central, orange-brown E. leucanthus, syn. Wilcoxia albiflora, E. backebergii, syn. E. backerbergii
E. paradoxa, illus. p.221. Clump-forming cone. illus. p.482. subsp. backebergii, Lobivia backebergii,
perennial. H 3ft (1m), S 12in (30cm) or E. ‘Tiki Torch’. Clump-forming, erect E. pectinatus. Columnar cactus. H 14in illus. p.491. subsp. backebergii. See
more. Has narrowly lance-shaped, dark perennial. H 28in (70cm), S 12in (30cm). (35cm), S 8in (20cm). Has sparsely E. backebergii.
green leaves. In summer, upright stems Has lance-shaped, dark green leaves. In branched, green stems with 12–23 ribs E. bridgesii. See E. lageniformis.
bear solitary, daisylike, bright yellow summer, upright stems bear solitary, and short, comblike spines, often variably E. candicans, syn. Trichocereus candicans,
flower heads with drooping, long, slender daisylike, bright orange flower heads with colored. In spring bears trumpet-shaped, illus. p.492.
ray florets and a central, dark brown cone. a central, reddish-brown cone and rather purple, pink or yellow flowers, 5in (12cm) E. chamaecereus, syn. Chamaecereus
Needs an open position. Z4–8 H8–1. reflexed ray florets, which are darkest at across, with paler bases. Z12–15 H12–10. silvestrii, Lobivia silvestrii, illus. p.486.
E. PIXIE MEADOWBRITE (‘CBG Cone 2’). bases. Z4–9 H9–1. E. pentalophus, syn. E. procumbens, illus. E. cinnabarina, syn. Lobivia cinnabarina.
Compact perennial. H 20in (50cm), S 12in E. ‘Tomato Soup’. Clump-forming, erect p.484. Spherical, perennial cactus. H and S 6in
(30cm). Has lance-shaped, dark green perennial. H 32in (80cm), S 12in (30cm). E. procumbens. See E. pentalophus. (15cm). Glossy, dark green stem has about
leaves. In summer, sturdy, well-branched Has lance-shaped, dark green leaves. In E. reichenbachii. Columnar cactus. 20 warty ribs and mostly curved, dark
stems bear solitary, daisylike, bright pink summer, upright stems bear daisylike, H 14in (35cm), S 8in (20cm). Slightly spines. In summer bears funnel-shaped to
flower heads with horizontal ray florets fiery orange-red flower heads with ray branched, multicolored stem with 12–23 flattish, carmine-red flowers, 3in (8cm)
and a central, greenish-pink cone, which florets held more or less horizontally and ribs has comblike spines, 5/8in (1.5cm) long. across. Z13–15 H12–10.
matures to crimson. Z4–9 H9–1. a central, greenish-brown cone. Z4–9 H9–1. Trumpet-shaped, pink or purple flowers, E. eyriesii. See E. oxygona.
E. purpurea, syn. Rudbeckia purpurea 5in (12cm) across, with darker petal bases, E. lageniformis, syn. E. bridgesii,
(Purple coneflower). Erect perennial. H 4ft ECHINOCACTUS are produced in spring. Z13–15 H12–10. Trichocereus bridgesii, illus. p.489.
(1.2m) or more, S 11/2ft (45cm) or more. Has var. baileyi, syn. E. baileyi, illus. p.484. E. marsoneri, syn. Lobivia haageana, illus.
oval, hairy, dark green, basal leaves. From Barrel cactus E. schmollii, syn. Wilcoxia schmollii, illus. p.491.
summer to mid-fall, branching stems bear p.492. E. multiplex. See E. oxygona.
solitary, daisylike, pinkish-purple or white CACTACEAE E. triglochidiatus. Clump-forming, E. oxygona, syn. E. eyriesii, E. multiplex,
flower heads with horizontal or reflexed perennial cactus. H 12in (30cm), S 6in Echinocactus eyriesii, illus. p.481.
ray florets and a central, orange-brown Genus of slow-growing, hemispherical, (15cm). Has a short, thick, dark green stem E. pentlandii, syn. Lobivia pentlandii,
cone. Is best in an open position. Z3–9 perennial cacti. Cold temperatures cause with 3–5 spines, to 1in (2.5cm) long, per illus. p.491.
H9–1. ‘Coconut Lime’ (illus. p.221), yellow patches on E. grusonii. Requires areole. In spring bears funnel-shaped, E. rhodotricha. Spherical to columnar,
H to 2ft (60cm), has reflexed, white ray full sun and very well-drained soil. bright red flowers, 3in (7cm) across, with perennial cactus. H 2ft (60cm), S 8in (20cm).
florets and a central cone that develops Yellow-flowered species are easy to red stamens and green stigmas. Z11–12 Produces branching, dark green stems,
into a rounded pompom of shorter, green grow. Propagate by seed in spring. H12–9. var. paucispinus illus. p.496. 31/2in (9cm) across, with 8–13 ribs. Curved,
florets forming a shuttlecock-shaped E. asterias. See Astrophytum asterias. dark spines, 3/4in (2cm) long, later turn pale.
head. ‘Doppelganger’. See E. purpurea E. chilensis. See Eriosyce chilensis. Echinodorus ranunculoides. See Has tubular, white to pink flowers in
‘Doubledecker’. ‘Doubledecker’, syn. E. eyriesii. See Echinopsis oxygona. Baldellia ranunculoides. spring–summer. Z13–15 H12–10.
E. purpurea ‘Doppelganger’ (illus. p.221), E. grusonii (Golden barrel cactus). Slow- Echinofossulocactus. See Stenocactus. E. spachiana, syn. Cereus spachianus,
H 3ft (1m), has reflexed, magenta-pink ray growing, hemispherical, perennial cactus. Echinomastus macdowellii. See Trichocereus spachianus, illus. p.492.
Thelocactus macdowellii.
Echioides longiflorum. See Arnebia
pulchra.

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ECHIUM EGERIA E. macrophylla. Evergreen, bushy, ELEUTHEROCOCCUS
dense shrub. H and S 10ft (3m). Broadly
BORAGINACEAE HYDROCHARITACEAE/RESTIONACEAE oval leaves are silvery-gray when young, SYN. ACANTHOPANAX
becoming glossy and dark green above, ARALIACEAE
Genus of annuals and evergreen shrubs, Genus of semievergreen or evergreen, but remaining silvery-gray beneath,
biennials and perennials, grown for their perennial, floating or submerged water when mature. Fragrant, bell-shaped, Genus of deciduous shrubs and trees,
flowers. Needs full sun and fertile, well- plants, grown for their foliage. Is similar creamy-yellow flowers, silvery outside, grown for their foliage and fruits. Produces
drained soil. Water container specimens to Elodea, but has more conspicuous are produced from mid- to late fall, tiny, usually greenish-white flowers.
freely in summer, moderately at other flowers, held above water surface. followed by egg-shaped, red fruits. Prefers full sun and needs well-drained soil.
times. Propagate by seed in spring or Plants are useful for oxygenating water Z7–9 H9–7. ‘Aureovariegata’. See E. Propagate by seed in spring or by root
by greenwood or semiripe cuttings in in aquariums and provide a suitable pungens ‘Maculata’. cuttings in late winter.
summer. Whitefly may sometimes be depository for fish spawn. Needs a sunny E. pungens ‘Maculata’, syn. E. pungens E. sieboldianus, illus. p.138.
position. Thin regularly to keep under ‘Aureovariegata’, illus. p.119.
troublesome. T All parts may cause mild control. Some species are invasive if E. umbellata, illus. p.113. Elliottia paniculata. See Tripetaleia
allowed to escape cultivation. Propagate paniculata.
stomach upset if ingested; contact with by stem cuttings in spring or summer. ELAEOCARPUS Elodea crispa of gardens. See
the foliage may irritate skin. E. densa, syn. Anacharis densa, Elodea Lagarosiphon major.
E. bourgaeanum. See E. wildpretii. densa. Semievergreen perennial, ELAEOCARPACEAE Elodea densa. See Egeria densa.
E. vulgare (Blueweed, Viper’s bugloss) spreading, submerged water plant. for
(dwarf). Moderately fast-growing, erect, aquariums. S indefinite. Forms a mass of Genus of evergreen, spring- and summer- ELSHOLTZIA
bushy annual or biennial. H 12in (30cm), small, lance-shaped, whorled, dark green flowering shrubs and trees, grown for
S 8in (20cm). Has lance-shaped, dark green leaves borne on long, wiry stems. Small, their flowers and foliage. Requires full LABIATAE/LAMIACEAE
leaves. Spikes of tubular flowers, in white, 3-parted, white flowers are produced in sun or partial shade and fertile, well-
pink, blue or purple, are borne in summer. summer. E. densa is considered a noxious drained but not dry soil. Water container Genus of perennials and deciduous
Z3–8 H8–1. weed in many regions of North America, plants freely when in growth, less in shrubs and subshrubs, grown for their
E. wildpretii, syn. E. bourgaeanum. and should be restricted to aquarium winter. Current season’s growth may flowers. Needs full sun and fertile, well-
Evergreen, erect, unbranched biennial that plantings. Z6–15 H12–6. be cut back in winter. Propagate by seed drained soil. Cut back old shoots hard in
dies after fruiting. H 8ft (2.5m) or more, in spring or by semiripe cuttings in early spring. Propagate by softwood
S 2ft (60cm). Narrowly lance-shaped, silver- EHRETIA summer. Red spider mite and whitefly cuttings in summer.
haired leaves, 1ft (30cm) long, form a dense may cause problems. E. stauntonii. Deciduous, open subshrub.
rosette. Has compact spires, 3–5ft (1–1.5m) BORAGINACEAE E. cyaneus, syn. E. reticulatus H  and S 5in (1.5m). Sharply toothed,  mint-
long, of small, funnel-shaped, red flowers (Blueberry ash). Evergreen, rounded scented, dark green leaves turn red in fall.
in late spring and early summer. Z9–10 Genus of deciduous, summer-flowering shrub or tree. H and S 10ft (3m). Bears Slender spires of pale purple blooms are
H10–8. trees, grown for their foliage and star- elliptic to lance-shaped, toothed, lustrous produced in late summer–fall. Z5–8 H8–5.
shaped flowers. May suffer cold damage leaves and, in summer, bell-shaped,
EDGEWORTHIA when young. Requires sun or partial shade fringed, white flowers, and globular, blue Elymus arenarius. See Leymus
and fertile, well-drained soil. Propagate by fruits in fall. Z14–15 H12–10. arenarius.
THYMELAEACEAE softwood cuttings in summer. E. reticulatus. See E. cyaneus.
E. dicksonii, illus. p.88. EMBOTHRIUM
Genus of deciduous shrubs, grown for ELATOSTEMA
their flowers in late winter and early EICHHORNIA PROTEACEAE
spring. Is best grown against a south- or SYN. PELLIONIA
PONTEDERIACEAE URTICACEAE Genus of evergreen or semievergreen trees,
E west-facing wall where marginally hardy. grown for their flowers. Provide shelter
Requires full sun and well-drained soil. Genus of evergreen or semievergreen, Genus of evergreen, creeping perennials from cold winds. Needs partial shade and
Dislikes being transplanted. Propagate perennial, floating and marginal water and subshrubs that make useful moist but well-drained, acidic soil. Propagate
by semiripe cuttings in summer or by plants. Needs an open, sunny position in groundcover. Requires humid conditions, by suckers in spring or fall or by seed in fall.
seed in fall. warm water. Considered a noxious weed indirect light and moist soil. Propagate E. coccineum, illus. p.86.
E. chrysantha, syn. E. papyrifera, illus. in the southern United States, it grows from stem cuttings in spring or summer.
p.126. prolifically and requires regular thinning E. pulchra, syn. E. repens var. pulchra. EMILIA
E. papyrifera. See E. chrysantha. year-round. Propagate by detaching young Evergreen, slightly fleshy perennial
plants as required. with rooting, creeping stems. H 3–4in SYN. CACALIA
570 EDRAIANTHUS E. crassipes, syn. E. speciosa, illus. p.441. (8–10cm), S 2ft (60cm) or more. Broadly COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE
E. speciosa. See E. crassipes. oval leaves, 2in (5cm) long, are blackish-
CAMPANULACEAE green with dark green veins above, Genus of annuals and perennials with
ELAEAGNUS purple below. Flowers are insignificant. flowers that are good for cutting. Is
Genus of short-lived perennials, some of Z13–15 H12–10. ideal for hot, dry areas and coastal soils.
which are evergreen, usually growing from ELAEAGNACEAE E. repens, syn. Pellionia daveauana, Requires sun and very well-drained soil.
central rootstocks. In winter, a small bud is Pellionia repens, illus. p.473. var. pulchra. Propagate by seed sown under glass in
just visible from each rootstock. In spring, Genus of deciduous or evergreen See E. pulchra. spring, or outdoors in late spring.
prostrate stems radiate to carry leaves shrubs and trees, grown for their foliage E. coccinea, syn. E. flammea, E. javanica,
and flowers. Is suitable for rock gardens, and small, usually fragrant flowers, ELEGIA illus. p.327.
screes and troughs. Needs sun and well- and ornamental fruits. Evergreens E. flammea. See E. coccinea.
drained soil. Propagate by softwood make good shelter belts or hedging, RESTIONACEAE E. javanica of gardens. See E. coccinea.
cuttings from sideshoots in early summer particularly in coastal areas. Most
or by seed in fall. evergreen species thrive in sun or See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES EMMENOPTERYS
E. dalmaticus. Upright, then arching shade, but silver-leaved and deciduous and SEDGES.
perennial. H 4in (10cm), S 6in (15cm). species prefer full sun. Requires fertile, E. capensis, illus. p.285. RUBIACEAE
Bears narrowly lance-shaped, pale green well-drained soil. Trim hedges in late
leaves and, in early summer, terminal summer. Propagate by seed in fall, ELEOCHARIS Genus of deciduous trees, grown for
clusters of bell-shaped, violet-blue flowers, evergreen forms also by semiripe their foliage; flowers only appear in hot
1in (2.5cm) across. Z8–9 H9–8. cuttings in summer, deciduous forms CYPERACEAE summers. Even where reliably hardy,
E. pumilio, illus. p.368. by softwood or semiripe cuttings in young growths may be damaged by late
E. serpyllifolius, syn. Wahlenbergia summer. See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES frosts. Needs full sun and deep, fertile,
serpyllifolia, illus. p.367. ‘Major’ is an E. angustifolia, illus. p.116. and SEDGES. well-drained soil. Propagate by softwood
evergreen, prostrate perennial. H 1⁄2in E. x ebbingei. Evergreen, bushy, E. acicularis (Needle spike-rush). cuttings in summer.
(1cm), S to 2in (5cm). Has tight mats of dense shrub. H and S 15ft (5m). Has Evergreen, rhizomatous, perennial sedge. E. henryi, illus. p.75.
tiny, oval, dark green leaves. In early oblong to oval, glossy, dark green leaves, H to 4in (10cm), S indefinite. Basal, mid-
summer, bell-shaped, deep violet flowers, silvery beneath. Fragrant, bell-shaped, green leaves are very narrow. Hairless, ENCEPHALARTOS
5/8in (1.5cm) wide, are borne on very short silvery-white flowers are borne from unbranched, square stems produce solitary,
stems. Needs a sheltered site. Seldom sets mid- to late fall. Z7–11 H12–7. ‘Gilt tiny, brown spikelets in summer. Z9–11 ZAMIACEAE
seed. Edge’ have golden-yellow margins. H12–9.
Z7–10 H10–7. ‘Limelight’, illus. p.139. Genus of evergreen shrubs and trees,
Edwardsia microphylla. See Sophora grown for their palmlike leaves. Needs full
microphylla. sun and well-drained soil. Water container

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plants moderately when in full growth, less EPACRIS EPILOBIUM Z4–8 H8–2. f. violaceum has young leaves E
at other times. Propagate by seed in spring. that are flushed bronze and produces
E. ferox, illus. p.457. ERICACEAE/EPACRIDACEAE SYN. CHAMAENERION, CHAMERION purple-and-white flowers.
E. longifolius. Slow-growing, evergreen Willow herb E. x perralchicum. Evergreen, carpeting
tree, sometimes branched with age. Genus of evergreen, heather-like shrubs, perennial. H 18in (45cm), S 12in (30cm).
H 10ft (3m) or more, S 5–8ft (1.5–2.5m). grown for their flowers. Needs full sun ONAGRACEAE Short spires of pendent, yellow flowers,
Has feather-shaped leaves, 2–5ft and rich, well-drained, neutral to acidic with short spurs, are borne in spring.
(60cm–1.5m) long, divided into narrowly soil. Water container plants moderately Genus of annuals, biennials, semievergreen Leaves, divided into rounded to oval
lance-shaped to oval, blue-green leaflets, when in full growth, less at other times. and deciduous perennials and subshrubs, leaflets, are dark green. Z5–8 H8–5.
usually with hook-tipped teeth. Conelike, Cut back flowered stems after flowering to grown for their deep pink to white flowers E. perralderianum. Semievergreen,
brown flower heads are produced maintain a neat habit. Propagate by seed in in summer. Is useful on dry banks; many carpeting perennial. H 12in (30cm), S 18in
intermittently. Z11 H12–10. spring or semiripe cuttings in late summer. species are invasive. Tolerates sun or shade (45cm). Clusters of small, pendent, short-
E. impressa, illus. p.455. and prefers moist but well-drained soil. spurred, bright yellow flowers are borne
ENCYCLIA Propagate species by seed in fall, selected in spring. Has large, toothed, glossy,
EPHEDRA forms by softwood cuttings from deep green leaves, divided into rounded
ORCHIDACEAE sideshoots in spring. to oval leaflets. Z5–8 H8–5.
EPHEDRACEAE E. angustifolium f. album, illus. p.216. E. pinnatum subsp. colchicum.
See also ORCHIDS. E. californicum. See Zauschneria Evergreen, carpeting perennial. H and
E. cochleata. Evergreen, epiphytic orchid Genus of evergreen shrubs, grown for californica. S 12in (30cm). In spring, clusters of small,
for a cool greenhouse. H 12in (30cm). their habit and green shoots. Makes good E. canum. See Zauschneria californica pendent, bright yellow flowers, with
Upright spikes of green flowers, 2in (5cm) groundcover in dry soil. Grow male and subsp. cana. short spurs, are produced above dark
long, with dark purple lips at the top and female plants together in order to obtain E. chlorifolium var. kaikourense. green leaves, hairy when young, divided
ribbon-like sepals and petals, are produced fruits. Requires full sun and well-drained Clump-forming, deciduous, woody-based into oval leaflets. Z5–9 H9–4.
in summer and, on mature plants, soil. Propagate by seed in fall or by division perennial. H 12in (30cm), S 6in (15cm). Has E. pubigerum. Evergreen, carpeting
intermittently throughout the year. Has in fall or spring. persistent, oval, hairy, bronze and dark perennial. H and S 18in (45cm). Has heart-
narrowly oval leaves, 6in (15cm) long. E. gerardiana. Evergreen, spreading green leaves. Produces short spikes of shaped, divided, smooth, dense foliage and
Requires partial shade in summer. Z14–15 shrub with slender, erect, rushlike, green funnel-shaped, white to pink flowers in clusters of cup-shaped, creamy-white or
H12–10. shoots. H 2ft (60cm), S 6ft (2m). Leaves and summer. Z4–6 H6–1. pink flowers in spring. Z5–9 H9–4.
E. radiata. Evergreen, epiphytic flowers are inconspicuous. Bears small, E. glabellum of gardens, illus. p.360. E. x rubrum, illus. p.260.
orchid for a cool greenhouse. H 10in spherical, red fruits. Z5–9 H9–5. E. obcordatum. Clump-forming E. x versicolor. Clump-forming perennial.
(25cm). Bears upright spikes of very perennial. H 6in (15cm), S 4in (10cm). Oval H and S 12in (30cm). Small, pendent clusters
fragrant, rounded, creamy-white EPIDENDRUM leaves are glossy green. Spikes of open of yellow flowers, with long, red-tinged
flowers, 1/2in (1cm) across, with red- cup-shaped, deep rose-pink flowers are spurs, are produced in spring. Heart-
lined, white lips, in summer. Narrowly ORCHIDACEAE borne in summer. Is good for a rock garden shaped, fresh green leaves are divided into
oval leaves are 4–6in (10–15cm) long. or alpine house. Requires a sheltered oval leaflets that are tinted reddish-purple.
Z14–15 H12–10. See also ORCHIDS. position and full sun. In cultivation may not Z5–9 H9–4. ‘Neosulphureum’, illus. p.262.
E. difforme. Evergreen, epiphytic orchid retain character, especially in mild climates. E. x warleyense, illus. p.263.
Endymion. See Hyacinthoides. for an intermediate greenhouse. H 9in Z5–8 H8–5. E. x youngianum ‘Niveum’, illus. p.254.
(23cm). Large heads of semitranslucent, E. septentrionale. See Zauschneria
ENKIANTHUS green flowers, 1/4in (0.5cm) across, are septentrionalis. EPIPHYLLUM
produced in fall. Has oval, rigid leaves,
ERICACEAE 1–2in (2.5–5cm) long. Requires shade in EPIMEDIUM Orchid cactus
summer. Avoid spraying, which can cause
Genus of deciduous or semievergreen, spotting of leaves. Propagate by division Barrenwort CACTACEAE
spring-flowering shrubs and trees, grown in spring. Z14–15 H12–10.
for their mass of small, bell- or urn-shaped E. ibaguense, syn. E. radicans. Evergreen, BERBERIDACEAE Genus of perennial cacti with strap-shaped,
flowers and their fall color. Needs sun or epiphytic orchid for a cool greenhouse. flattened, green stems that have notched
partial shade and moist, peaty, acidic soil. H 6ft (2m) or more. Produces a succession Genus of spring-flowering perennials, edges. Flowers are produced at notches.
Propagate by semiripe cuttings in summer of feathery-lipped, deep red flowers, 1/4in some of which are evergreen. Flowers Needs sun or partial shade and rich, well-
or by seed in fall. (0.5cm) across. Leaves, 1–2in (2.5–5cm) are cup-shaped with long or short spurs. drained soil. Propagate by stem cuttings in
E. campanulatus, illus. p.111. long, are oval and rigid. Grow in partial Makes good groundcover. Fully hardy. spring or summer.
E. cernuus f. rubens, illus. p.123. shade in summer. Propagate by tip cuttings Does best in partial shade and rich, moist E. ackermannii. See Disocactus
E. perulatus, illus. p.120. in spring. Z14 H12–6. but well-drained soil. Cut back just before ackermannii.
E. radicans. See E. ibaguense. new growth appears in spring. Propagate E. anguliger, illus. p.494.
ENSETE by division in spring or fall. E. crenatum. Erect, then pendent,
EPIGAEA E. alpinum. Evergreen, clump-forming perennial cactus. H  and S 10ft (3m). Has
MUSACEAE perennial. H 9in (23cm), S to 12in (30cm). a flattened stem. Bears lightly perfumed,
ERICACEAE Racemes of pendent, short-spurred funnel-shaped, broad-petaled, white
Genus of evergreen perennials, grown for flowers, with crimson sepals and yellow flowers, 8in (20cm) across, in spring–
their foliage, which resembles that of Genus of evergreen, prostrate, spring- petals, are produced in spring. Has finely summer. Is often used as a parent for
bananas, and fruits. Has false stems made flowering subshrubs. Needs shade and toothed, glossy leaves divided into oval, breeding. Z11–12 H12–1.
of overlapping leaf sheaths that die after rich, moist, acidic soil. Most are difficult angled, mid-green leaflets, bronze when E. laui, illus. p.482.
flowering. Needs sun or partial shade and to cultivate. Propagate by seed in spring young. Z4–9 H9–4. E. oxypetalum. Erect, then pendent,
rich soil. Propagate by seed in spring or or by softwood cuttings in early summer. E. ‘Amber Queen’, illus. p.263. perennial cactus. H 10ft (3m), S 3ft (1m).
by division year-round. E. asiatica. Evergreen, creeping E. davidii. Vigorous, evergreen, Produces freely branching, flattened stems,
E. ventricosum, syn. Musa arnoldiana, subshrub. H to 4in (10cm), S to 8in (20cm). groundcover perennial. H 12in (30cm), 5in (12cm) across. In spring–summer bears
Musa ensete, illus. p.474. Stems and heart-shaped, deep green leaves S 16in (40cm). Dainty, mid-green leaves nocturnal, tubular, white flowers, 10in
are covered with brown hairs. Bears are tinged bronze when young and divided (25cm) long. Makes a good house plant.
EOMECON terminal clusters of 3–6 tiny, slightly into rounded heart-shaped, toothed Z11–12 H12–1.
fragrant, urn-shaped, white or pink flowers leaflets. Produces clusters of pendent, long-
PAPAVERACEAE in spring. Z5–7 H7–5. spurred, butter-yellow flowers in spring. EPIPREMNUM 571
E. gaultherioides, syn. Orphanidesia Z5–9 H9–4.
Genus of one species of perennial. Is gaultherioides, illus. p.351. E. epsteinii, illus. p.260. SYN. POTHOS
suitable for large rock gardens. Needs sun E. repens (Mayflower, Trailing arbutus). E. grandiflorum ‘Crimson Beauty’
and well-drained soil. Propagate by seed or Evergreen, creeping subshrub. H 4in Clump-forming perennial. H and S 12in ARACEAE
runners in spring. (10cm), S 12in (30cm). Hairy stems, bearing (30cm). Racemes of pendent, long-spurred,
E. chionantha (Snow poppy). Vigorous, heart-shaped, leathery leaves, root at copper-crimson flowers are produced in Genus of evergreen, woody-stemmed,
spreading perennial. H to 16in (40cm), intervals. In spring produces terminal spring at the same time as heart-shaped, root climbers, including Pothos, grown
S indefinite. Leaves are large, palmate clusters of 4–6 cup-shaped, white flowers, copper-marked, light green leaves, divided for their foliage. Grow in light shade
and gray. Erect stems bear long panicles sometimes flushed pink. Is relatively easy into oval leaflets, which mature to mid- away from direct sun; any well-drained,
of small, poppy-like, white flowers in to grow. Z3–9 H9–1. green. ‘Rose Queen’ has wiry stems moisture-retentive soil is suitable. Water
summer. Z7–9 H9–7. bearing clusters of cup-shaped, deep pink regularly, less in cold weather. Stems
flowers with white-tipped spurs in spring. need good supports. Remove shoot tips

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to induce branching at any time. Propagate E. atropurpureum. See E. spectabilis. Erect perennial. H 4ft flowers, with deep pink sepals, set against
by leaf-bud or stem-tip cuttings in late Pseuderanthemum atropurpureum. (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). Bears long racemes of dark green leaves. ‘December Red’ has
E. nervosum. See E. pulchellum. pale yellow flowers, with brick-red anthers, a spreading habit, vigorous growth and
spring or by layering in summer. T  All E. pulchellum, syn. E. nervosum. in early summer. Leaves are strap-shaped, deep rose-pink flowers borne in winter.
Evergreen, erect shrub. H 3–4ft (1–1.2m), in basal rosettes. Z7–9 H9–7. ‘Foxhollow’, a vigorous, spreading
parts may cause severe discomfort S 2ft (60cm) or more. Produces elliptic to cultivar, has foliage that is golden-yellow
if ingested, and contact with the sap oval, prominently veined, deep green ERIA in summer, with orange tips in spring, and
of E. aureum may irritate skin. leaves. Blue flowers, each with a tube a few pale pink flowers. ‘Golden Starlet’
E. aureum ‘Marble Queen’, syn. 11/4in (3cm) long and rounded petal lobes, ORCHIDACEAE (illus. p.166), H 6in (15cm), S 16in (40cm),
Scindapsus aureus ‘Marble Queen’, are produced in winter–spring. Z13–15 bears white flowers set on lime-green
illus. p.460. H12–10. See also ORCHIDS. foliage that turns a glowing yellow in
E. pictum ‘Argyraeum’. See Scindapsus E. coronaria, syn. Trichosma suavis. summer. ‘Ice Princess’, H 6in (15cm),
pictus ‘Argyraeus’. ERANTHIS Evergreen, epiphytic orchid for a cool S 14in (35cm), has white flowers held erect
greenhouse. H 9in (23cm). Sprays of on bright green foliage. ‘Isabell’, H 6in
EPISCIA RANUNCULACEAE fragrant, rounded, creamy-white flowers, (15cm), S 14in (35cm), has large, white
1/2in (1cm) across, with red- and yellow- flowers on bright green foliage, and an
Flame violet Genus of clump-forming perennials, with marked lips, are produced in fall. Has erect but spreading habit. ‘King George’,
knobby tubers, grown for their cup-shaped broadly oval, glossy leaves, 4in (10cm) long. H 8in (20cm), has dark green foliage and
GESNERIACEAE flowers surrounded by leaflike ruffs of Needs partial shade in summer and moist deep rose-pink flowers from early winter
bracts. Prefers partial shade and rich soil, compost year-round. Z6–8 H8–6. to mid-spring. ‘Loughrigg’, H 6in (15cm),
Genus of evergreen, low-growing and well-drained but not drying out excessively. produces dark purplish-red flowers from
creeping perennials, grown for their Dies down in summer. Propagate by seed ERICA late winter to spring. ‘March Seedling’
ornamental leaves and colorful flowers. in fall or by division of clumps immediately has a spreading habit, dark green foliage
Is useful as groundcover or in hanging Heath and rich, rose-purple flowers. ‘Myretoun
baskets. Requires high humidity, a shaded after flowering while still in leaf. T  All Ruby’, H 8in (20cm), is vigorous but
site and rich, well-drained soil. Keep well ERICACEAE compact with brilliant deep purple-red
watered, but avoid waterlogging. parts may cause mild stomach upset if flowers in late winter and early spring.
Propagate in summer by stem cuttings, ingested, and contact with the sap may See also HEATHERS. ‘Nathalie’, H 6in (15cm), S 16in (40cm),
division or removing rooted runners. irritate skin. E. arborea (Tree heath). Evergreen, the deepest and brightest of the E. carnea
E. cupreata, illus. p.471. ‘Metallica’ is E. hyemalis, illus. p.429. upright, shrublike tree heather. H 20ft (6m), cultivars, has purple flowers, neat, dark
an evergreen, creeping perennial. H 4in E. x tubergenii ‘Guinea Gold’. Late S 5ft (1.5m). Liable to damage from frost green foliage and a compact, upright habit.
(10cm), S  indefinite. Has oval, downy, winter- or early spring-flowering, tuberous and cold winds. Has needlelike, bright ‘Pink Spangles’, H 6in (15cm), is vigorous
wrinkled leaves, tinged pink to copper perennial. H 3–4in (8–10cm), S 11/2–21/2in green leaves in whorls of 3 or 4 and bears with flowers that have shell-pink sepals and
and with broad, silvery bands along (4–6cm). Stems each bear a stalkless, deep scented, bell-shaped, white flowers from deeper pink corollas. ‘Pirbright Rose’ is
midribs. Funnel-shaped, orange-red golden-yellow flower, 11/4–11/2in (3–4cm) late winter to late spring. May tolerate very floriferous with bright pink flowers
flowers, marked yellow within, are borne across, surrounded by a bronze-green slightly alkaline soil. Z9–10 H10–9. from early winter to early spring. ‘R.B.
intermittently. Z14–15 H9–1. ‘Tropical bract, cut into narrow lobes. Rounded ‘Albert’s Gold’, H 6ft (2m), retains its Cooke’, H 8in (20cm), bears clear pink
Topaz’ has yellow flowers. leaves are divided into finger-shaped lobes. golden foliage year-round. var. alpina flowers from early winter to early spring.
E. dianthiflora, syn. Alsobia dianthiflora, Z4–9 H9–1. (illus. p.166) has vivid green foliage and ‘Rosalie’, H 6in (15cm), S 14in (35cm), has
illus. p.465. compact racemes of white flowers. May bright pink flowers, bronze-green foliage
E. lilacina. Evergreen, low-growing ERCILLA be pruned hard to keep its shape and to and a low, upright but spreading habit.
perennial, with runners bearing plantlets. encourage new growth. ‘Springwood White’ (illus. p.166), H 6in
H 4in (10cm), S indefinite. Has oval, hairy, SYN. BRIDGESIA E. australis (Spanish heath, Spanish tree (15cm), the most vigorous white cultivar, is
heath). Evergreen, shrublike tree heather. excellent as groundcover and bears large,
E pale green leaves, to 3in (8cm) long. PHYTOLACCACEAE H to 7ft (2.2m), S 3ft (1m). Stems may be white flowers, with brown anthers, from
damaged by snow and frost. Has needlelike late winter to spring. ‘Vivellii’, H 6in
Funnel-shaped, white flowers, tinged Genus of evergreen, root climbers, grown leaves in whorls of 4 and tubular to bell- (15cm), has dark bronze-green foliage and
mauve and with yellow eyes, are produced for their neat, green leaves and green and shaped, white or purplish-pink flowers in deep purple-pink flowers from late winter
in small clusters from fall to spring. Z11–12 purple flower spikes. Needs sun or partial spring. May tolerate slightly alkaline soil. to spring. ‘Westwood Yellow’ is compact
H12–1. Leaves of ‘Cuprea’are bronze- shade and well-drained soil. Prune after Z9–10 H10–9. f. albiflora ‘Mr. Robert’ with golden-yellow foliage and deep pink
tinged. flowering, if required. Propagate by stem has white flowers. ‘Riverslea’ has bright flowers. ‘Wintersonne’, H 6in (15cm),
cuttings in late summer or fall. purple-pink flowers, mostly in clusters of 4. S 14in (35cm), has magenta flowers and
EPITHELANTHA E. spicata. See E. volubilis. E. canaliculata (Channeled heath). red-brown foliage.
E. volubilis, syn. E. spicata, illus. p.192. Evergreen, erect shrub. H to 10ft (3m), S 3ft E. ciliaris (Dorset heath). Evergreen, loose
CACTACEAE (1m). Produces whorls of 3 dark green shrub. H to 12in (30cm), S 16in (40cm). May
EREMURUS narrow, needlelike leaves. Cup-shaped, be damaged in severe weather. Has
Genus of very slow-growing, spherical, pearl-white flowers, sometimes rose-tinted, needlelike, dark green leaves in whorls of 3.
perennial cacti densely covered with very Desert candle, Foxtail lily with dark brown, almost black anthers, are Bears long racemes of bell-shaped, bright
short spines. Needs full sun and well- borne in winter (in a greenhouse) or early pink flowers in tiers of 3 or 4 in summer.
drained soil; prone to rotting if LILIACEAE/ASPHODELACEAE spring (in the open). Requires acidic soil. Requires acidic soil and prefers warm, moist
overwatered. Propagate by grafting, seed Z9–10 H10–9. conditions. Z8–9 H9–8. ‘Aurea’ has
or stem cuttings in spring or summer. Genus of perennials, with fleshy, finger-like E. carnea, syn. E. herbacea (Alpine heath, somewhat straggly growth with golden
E. micromeris, illus. p.493. roots, grown for their stately spires of Winter heath). Evergreen, spreading shrub. foliage and clear pink flowers. ‘Corfe
shallowly cup-shaped flowers in summer. H to 12in (30cm), S to 18in (45cm) or more. Castle’ (illus. p.166) produces salmon-pink
ERAGROSTIS Requires a sunny, warm position and well- Produces whorls of needlelike, mid- to dark flowers from summer to early fall. ‘David
drained soil. Tends to come into growth green leaves and bears tubular to bell- McClintock’ (illus. p.166) has light gray-
Love grass very early, and young shoots may be shaped flowers that are in shades of pink green foliage and bears white flowers, with
frosted. Provide a covering of dry bracken and red, occasionally white, from early deep pink tips, from summer to early fall.
GRAMINEAE/POACEAE in late winter to protect the crowns when winter to late spring. Tolerates limestone ‘Mrs. C.H. Gill’ has dark gray-green
shoots are first developing. Stake tall and some shade. Makes good groundcover. foliage and clear red flowers. ‘White
See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES species and hybrids. Propagate by division Z5–7 H7–5. ‘Altadena’ has golden foliage Wings’, a sport of ‘Mrs. C.H. Gill’, has dark
and SEDGES. in spring or early fall or by seed in fall. and pale pink flowers. ‘Ann Sparkes’ gray-green foliage and white flowers.
E. curvula ‘Totnes Burgundy’, illus. E. himalaicus. Upright perennial. H 6–8ft (illus. p.166), H 6in (15cm), has golden E. cinerea (Bell heather). Evergreen,
p.285. (2–2.5m), S 3ft (1m). Has strap-shaped, foliage, turning to bronze in winter, and compact shrub. H 12in (30cm), S 18–24in (45–
bright green basal leaves. In early summer, rose-pink flowers. ‘Bell’s Extra Special’, 60cm). Has needlelike, mid- to deep green
572 ERANTHEMUM tall stems bear dense racemes of open cup- H 6in (15cm), S 16in (40cm), has a neat leaves and bears bell-shaped flowers that are
shaped, pure white flowers, with long habit, with crimson flowers borne on in shades of pink and dark red, occasionally
ACANTHACEAE stamens. Z5–8 H8–5. whiskey-colored foliage, flecked with tints white, from early summer to early fall.
E. x isabellinus ‘Cleopatra’, illus. p.220. of orange and gold. ‘Cecilia M. Beale’, Prefers a warm, dry position. Requires acidic
Genus of perennials and evergreen shrubs, E. robustus, illus. p.216. H 6in (15cm), bears an abundance of white
grown for their flowers. Requires full light E. Shelford Hybrids. Perennials of flowers from mid-winter to early spring.
or partial shade and fertile, well-drained varying habit and flower color. H 5ft (1.5m), ‘Challenger’ (illus. p.166) has magenta
soil. Water container plants freely when S 2ft (60cm). Long racemes of orange, buff,
in full growth, moderately at other times. pink or white flowers are borne freely in
In spring or after flowering, remove at mid-summer. Leaves are strap-shaped,
least half of each spent flowering stem to in basal rosettes. Z6–9 H9–4.
encourage a bushier habit. Propagate by
softwood cuttings in late spring. Whitefly
may be a nuisance.

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soil. Z6–8 H8–6. ‘Atropurpurea’ has deep E. mediterranea. Evergreen, upright shrub. rounded, bell-shaped, greenish-brown has a profusion of white flowers, almost
purple flowers in long racemes. ‘C.D. H to 8ft (2.5m), S to 3ft (1m). Top growth flowers are produced in late spring and obscuring the foliage. ‘Gold Tips’ is
Eason’ (illus. p.166) has dark green foliage may be damaged in severe weather, but early summer. Requires acidic soil. Z8–9 similar to ‘Exeter’, but young foliage has
and bright red flowers. ‘Cevennes’ is plant recovers well from the base. Has H9–8. ‘Minima’, H 12in (30cm), has bright golden tips in spring. ‘Pink Joy’ has pink
upright in habit and bears a profusion of needlelike, mid-green leaves and, usually, green foliage. flower buds that open to clear white.
mauve flowers. ‘C.G. Best’ has mid-green bell-shaped, mauve-pink flowers from early E. spiculifolia, syn. Bruckenthalia E. verticillata. Evergreen, erect shrub.
foliage and rose-pink flowers. ‘Domino’ winter to late spring. Tolerates limestone. spiculifolia (Spike heath). Evergreen, H to 2ft (60cm), S 1ft (30cm). Has an unusual
produces white flowers that contrast with Flowers of some cultivars have a heather-like shrub. H  and S 6in (15cm). arrangement of flowers tightly packed in
dark brown stems and sepals and almost pronounced scent of honey. Z8–9 H9–8. Needlelike, glossy, dark green leaves clothe whorls at intervals along an otherwise
black stigmas. ‘Eden Valley’ (illus. p.166), f. alba ‘Brian Proudley’ (illus. p.166), stiff stems. Terminal clusters of tiny, pink almost bare stem. Tubular, pale mauve-pink
H 8in (20cm), bears white flowers with H 36in (90cm), S 16in (40cm), is a vigorous, flowers are borne in summer. Z5–7 H7–5. flowers, 1/2in (1.5cm) long, are produced
lavender-mauve tips. ‘Fiddler’s Gold’, erect cultivar with bright green leaves and E. stricta. See E. terminalis. intermittently throughout the year.
H 10in (25cm), has golden-yellow foliage, long racemes of white flowers borne from E. x stuartii, syn. E. x praegeri. Evergreen, E. x watsonii. Evergreen, compact shrub.
deepening to red in winter, and lilac-pink late fall to mid-spring. ‘Brightness’, compact shrub. H 6in (15cm), S 12in (30cm). H 12in (30cm), S 15in (38cm). Needlelike,
flowers. ‘Golden Hue’, H 14in (35cm), has H 18in (45cm), has bronze-green foliage Has needlelike, dark green leaves. mid-green leaves often have bright-colored
amethyst flowers set on pale yellow foliage, and mauve-pink flowers in spring. ‘Golden Numerous umbels of bell-shaped, pink tips in spring. Bears rounded, bell-shaped,
tipped orange in winter. ‘Hookstone Lady’, H 12in (30cm), has a neat, compact flowers are produced in late spring and pink flowers from mid- to late summer.
White’, H 14in (35cm), has bright green habit with year-round, golden foliage and summer. Prefers moist, acidic soil. Z5–7 Z5–7 H7–5. ‘Cherry Turpin’ has long
foliage and bears long racemes of large, white flowers in late spring. ‘Irish Dusk’ H7–5. ‘Irish Lemon’ produces young racemes of pale pink flowers from mid-
white flowers. ‘Lime Soda’, H 14in (35cm), (illus. p.166), H 45cm (18in), has dark green foliage with lemon-yellow tips in spring summer to mid-fall. ‘Dawn’ produces
bears soft lavender flowers in profusion on foliage and salmon-pink flowers from mid- and bright pink flowers. ‘Irish Orange’ young foliage with orange-yellow tips and
lime-green foliage. ‘Pentreath’ has rich winter to early spring. ‘Superba’, H 6ft has orange-tipped young foliage and dark bears deep mauve-pink flowers in compact
purple flowers. ‘Pink Ice’, H 8in (20cm), is (2m), bears strongly scented, rose-pink pink flowers. clusters all summer.
compact with soft pink flowers. ‘P.S. flowers in spring. ‘W.T. Rackliff’, H 2ft E. terminalis, syn. E. stricta (Corsican E. x williamsii. Evergreen, spreading
Patrick’ is a vigorous cultivar with purple (60cm), has dark green foliage and heath). Evergreen, shrublike tree heather shrub. H 12in (30cm), S 24in (60cm). Has
flowers and dark green foliage. ‘Purple produces thick clusters of white flowers with stiff, upright growth. H and S to 8ft needlelike, dark green leaves, with bright
Beauty’ has purple flowers and dark from late winter to late spring. (2.5m). Has needlelike, mid-green foliage. yellow tips when young in spring. Bears
foliage. ‘Stephen Davis’, H 10in (25cm), E. gracilis. Evergreen, compact shrub. Bell-shaped, mauve-pink flowers, borne bell-shaped, mauve or pink flowers in mid-
has brilliant, almost fluorescent, red H  and S to 12in (30cm). Has needlelike, mid- from early summer to early fall, turn russet summer. Prefers acidic soil. Z5–7 H7–5.
flowers. ‘Velvet Night’, H 10in (25cm), green leaves and clusters of small, bell- as they fade in winter. Tolerates limestone. ‘Gwavas’ has pale pink flowers on a neat,
produces very dark purple, almost black shaped, cerise flowers from early fall to Z5–7 H7–5. compact plant from mid-summer to fall.
flowers. ‘Windlebrooke’, H 10in (25cm), early spring. Is usually grown as a container E. tetralix (Cross-leaved heath). ‘P.D. Williams’, H 18in (45cm), has dark
is vigorous, with golden foliage, turning plant; may be planted outdoors in summer Evergreen, spreading shrub. H to 12in mauve-pink flowers; sometimes keeps its
bright orange-red in winter, and mauve in a sheltered site. Z10–11 H12–10. (30cm), S 18in (45cm). Has needlelike, gray- golden foliage tips all summer.
flowers. E. herbacea. See E. carnea. green leaves in whorls of 4. Umbels of bell-
E. x darleyensis. Evergreen, bushy E. hibernica. See E. erigena. shaped, pink flowers are produced from ERIGERON E
shrub. H 18in (45cm), S 3ft (1m) or more. E. x hiemalis. Evergreen, bushy shrub. summer to early fall. Requires acidic,
Has needlelike, mid-green foliage, with H  and S 12in (30cm). Has needlelike, mid- preferably moist soil. Z5–7 H7–5. ‘Alba Fleabane 573
cream, pink or red, young growth in late green foliage and racemes of tubular to Mollis’ has silver-gray foliage and bears
spring. Bell-shaped, white, pink or purple bell-shaped, pink-tinged, white flowers white flowers from early summer to late COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE
flowers are borne in racemes from early from late fall to mid-winter. Z7–8 H8–7. fall. ‘Con Underwood’ has dark red
winter to late spring. Tolerates limestone. E. lusitanica (Portuguese heath). flowers. ‘Hookstone Pink’ has silver-gray Genus of mainly spring- and summer-
Z7–8 H8–7. ‘Archie Graham’, H 20in Evergreen, upright, bushy tree heather. foliage and bears rose-pink flowers from flowering annuals, biennials and
(50cm), is vigorous with mauve-pink H to 10ft (3m), S 3ft (1m). Has feathery, late spring to early fall. f. stellata ‘Pink perennials, grown for their daisylike flower
flowers. ‘Arthur Johnson’ (illus. p.166), bright green leaves and, from late fall to Star’ produces pink flowers held upright heads. Is good for rock gardens or
H 3ft (1m), has young foliage with cream late spring, bears tubular to bell-shaped in a starlike pattern. herbaceous borders. Prefers sun and well-
and pink tips in spring and long racemes flowers that are pink in bud but pure white E. umbellata. Evergreen, bushy shrub. drained soil but should not be allowed to
of mauve-pink flowers from mid-winter when fully open. Z8–10 H10–8. ‘George H and S 2ft (60cm). Has needlelike, mid- dry out during growing season. Resents
to spring. ‘Darley Dale’ bears pale Hunt’ has golden foliage; needs a green foliage and bell-shaped, mauve winter damp. Propagate by division in
mauve flowers from mid-winter to spring. sheltered position. flowers, with chocolate-brown anthers, spring or early fall or by seed in fall,
‘Furzey’ (illus. p.166) has a compact, E. mackaiana. See E. mackayana. in late spring. selected forms by softwood cuttings in
vigorous habit and bears deep pink E. mackayana, syn. E. mackaiana E. vagans (Cornish heath). Vigorous, early summer.
flowers and dark green leaves. ‘George (Mackay’s heath). Evergreen, spreading evergreen, bushy shrub. H  and S 30in E. alpinus, illus. p.340.
Rendall’ produces deep pink flowers shrub. H to 10in (25cm), S 16in (40cm). (75cm). Leaves are needlelike and mid- E. aurantiacus. Clump-forming
from early winter to early spring. ‘Ghost Has needlelike, mid-green leaves and bears green. Rounded, bell-shaped, pink, mauve perennial. H 6in (15cm), S 12in (30cm).
Hills’ has cream-tipped foliage in spring umbels of rounded, pink, mauve-pink or or white flowers are borne from mid- Has long, oval, gray-green leaves and
and a profusion of pink flowers from mid- white flowers from mid-summer to early summer to late fall. Tolerates some produces daisylike, brilliant orange flower
winter to spring. ‘Jack H. Brummage’, fall. Likes damp, acidic soil. Z5–7 H7–5. limestone. Responds well to hard pruning. heads in summer. Propagate by seed or
H 12in (30cm), has golden foliage, with ‘Dr Ronald Gray’, H 6in (15cm), has Z5–7 H7–5. f. aureifolia ‘Valerie division in spring. Z5–8 H8–5.
yellow and orange tints, and mauve dark green foliage and pure white flowers. Proudley’, H 18in (45cm), has golden E. aureus. Short-lived, clump-forming
flowers. ‘J.W. Porter’, H 12in (30cm), ‘Plena’, H 6in (15cm), has double, deep- evergreen foliage when grown in full light, perennial. H 2–4in (5–10cm), S 6in (15cm).
has reddish young shoots in spring and pink flowers, shading to white in centers. and bears sparse white flowers in late Bears small, spoon-shaped to oval, hairy
mauve-pink flowers from mid-winter to E. mediterranea. See E. erigena. summer and fall. ‘Birch Glow’ (illus. leaves. Slender stems each bear a relatively
late spring. ‘Kramer’s Red’. See E. x E. pageana. Evergreen, bushy shrub. p.166), H 18in (45cm), has bright green large, daisylike, golden-yellow flower head
darleyensis ‘Kramer’s Rote’. ‘Kramer’s H to 2ft (60cm), S 1ft (30cm). Has needlelike, foliage and glowing rose-pink flowers. in summer. Dislikes winter wet with no
Rote’, syn. E. x darleyensis ‘Kramer’s Red’ mid-green leaves and, from late spring to ‘Lyonesse’, H 18in (45cm), has dark green snow cover. Is excellent for a scree, trough
has dark bronze-green foliage with deep early summer, bell-shaped, rich yellow foliage and long, tapering spikes of white or alpine house; is prone to aphid attack.
purple-red flowers from late fall to late flowers. Z10 H12–10. flowers with brown anthers. ‘Mrs. D.F. Z5–8 H8–5. ‘Canary Bird’, H to 4in
spring. Spring foliage does not have E. perspicua (Prince of Wales heath). Maxwell’ (illus. p.166), H 18in (45cm), has (10cm), is longer lived, and bears bright
cream or red tips. ‘Molten Silver’. Variable, evergreen shrub. H to 6ft (2m), dark green foliage and glowing deep pink canary-yellow flower heads.
See E. x darleyensis ‘Silberschmelze’. S 3ft (1m). Has overlapping, needlelike, flowers. ‘St. Keverne’ (illus. p.166), H 18in E. ‘Charity’, illus. p.264.
‘Silberschmelze’, syn. E. x darleyensis gray-green leaves and, mainly from early (45cm), is a neat, bushy shrub with rose- E. ‘Darkest of All’. See E. ‘Dunkelste
‘Molten Silver’ is vigorous and produces fall to winter, tubular flowers in white, pink flowers; may be used for a low hedge. Aller’.
young shoots with creamy-pink tips in pink-and-white, red-and-white, purple- E. x veitchii. Evergreen, bushy, shrublike E. ‘Dunkelste Aller’, syn. E. ‘Darkest of
spring and white flowers. ‘White Glow’, and-white or red. Needs damp soil. tree heather. H to 6ft (2m), S 3ft (1m). Has All’, illus. p.240.
H 12in (30cm), bears white flowers. ‘White E. x praegeri. See E. x stuartii. needlelike, mid-green leaves. Scented, E. ‘Foersters Liebling’. Clump-forming
Perfection’ (illus. p.166) has bright green E. scoparia (Besom heath). Evergreen, tubular to bell-shaped, white flowers are perennial. H 32in (80cm), S 24in (60cm). In
foliage and white flowers. bushy shrub. H to 10ft (3m), S 3ft (1m). Has produced in dense clusters from mid- summer, daisylike, semidouble, pink flower
E. erigena, syn. E. hibernica, needlelike, dark green leaves. Clusters of winter to spring. Z8–9 H9–8. ‘Exeter’ heads, with yellow centers, are borne
above narrowly oval, grayish-green leaves.
Z5–8 H8–5.

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E. glaucus ‘Elstead Pink’. Tufted moderately in summer, less in spring and ERITRICHIUM leaves. Thistle-like, greenish-white flower
perennial. H 12in (30cm), S 6in (15cm). fall, very little in winter. Remove flower heads are produced on branched stems in
Daisylike, dark lilac-pink flower heads heads after flowering unless seed is BORAGINACEAE summer. Z6–9 H9–6.
are produced throughout summer above required. Propagate by seed in spring or E. alpinum, illus. p.240.
oval, gray-green leaves. Z5–8 H8–5. fall or by semiripe cuttings in summer. Genus of short-lived perennials, grown for E. amethystinum. Rosette-forming
E. karvinskianus, syn. E. mucronatus, Divide perennial root clumps in spring. their soft, gray-green leaves and forget-me- perennial. H  and S 24in (60cm). Oval,
illus. p.363. E. arborescens, illus. p.453. not-like flowers. Is suitable for rock mid-green leaves are divided and spiny.
E. mucronatus. See E. karvinskianus. E. crocatum. Evergreen, subshrubby gardens and alpine houses. Needs sun and In summer bears branched stems of small,
E. ‘Quakeress’. Clump-forming perennial. H to 8in (20cm), S 6in (15cm). well-drained, peaty, sandy soil with a deep thistle-like, blue flowers surrounded by
perennial. H 32in (80cm), S 24in (60cm). Oval, hairy leaves have woolly, white collar of grit; dislikes damp conditions. Is spiky, darker blue bracts. Z3–8 H8–1.
Produces a mass of daisylike, delicate lilac- undersides. Heads of minute, sulfur-yellow extremely difficult to grow. Propagate by E. bourgatii, illus. p.270.
pink flower heads, with yellow centers, in flowers are borne in summer. Is a good seed when available or by softwood E. bromeliifolium of gardens. See
summer. Narrowly oval leaves are grayish- alpine house plant. Z9–10 H10. cuttings in summer. E. agavifolium.
green. Z5–8 H8–5. E. giganteum (St. Catherine’s lace). E. elongatum. Tuft-forming perennial. E. eburneum, syn. E. paniculatum.
E. ‘Serenity’. Clump-forming perennial. Evergreen, rounded shrub. H and S 3–6ft H 3/4in (2cm), S 11/4in (3cm). Leaves are oval, Evergreen perennial. H 5–6ft (1.5–2m), S 2ft
H and S to 24in (60cm). Daisylike, violet- (1–2m). Has oblong to oval, gray leaves, hairy and gray-green. Short flower stems (60cm). Has spiny, linear, mid-green leaves.
mauve flower heads, with yellow centers, white-downy beneath. In summer, small, each bear small, rounded, flattish, blue Bears heads of thistle-like, green flowers
are borne from early to mid-summer. Z5–8 white flowers are produced in branching flowers in early summer. Z5–7 H7–5. with white stamens on branched arching
H8–5. clusters to 12in (30cm) long. Z11–15 E. nanum, illus. p.370. stems in late summer. Z9–11 H12–10.
H12–10. E. giganteum. Clump-forming biennial
ERINACEA E. ovalifolium. Evergreen, domed ERODIUM or short-lived perennial that dies after
perennial. H 12in (30cm), S 4in (10cm). In flowering. H 3–4ft (1–1.2m), S 21/2ft (75cm).
LEGUMINOSAE/PAPILIONACEAE summer bears tiny, bright yellow flowers GERANIACEAE Heart-shaped, basal leaves are mid-green.
in umbels above branched stems. Has tiny, Has large, rounded heads of thistle-like,
Genus of one species of slow-growing, spoon-shaped, hairy, gray leaves. Is Genus of mound-forming perennials, blue flowers, surrounded by spiny, silvery
evergreen subshrub, grown for its hard, excellent for an alpine house. Z4–8 H8–1. suitable for rock gardens. Needs sun and bracts, in late summer. Z4–9 H11–1.
sharp, blue-green spines and pealike E. umbellatum, illus. p.344. well-drained soil. Propagate by semiripe E. x oliverianum, illus. p.241.
flowers. In spring, produces short-lived, cuttings in summer or by seed when E. pandanifolium. Clump-forming,
soft leaves. Needs a sheltered position with ERIOPHYLLUM available. evergreen perennial. H 8ft (2.5m), S 5ft
full sun and deep, gritty, well-drained soil. E. chamaedryoides. See E. reichardii. (1.5m). Has narrowly sword-shaped,
Propagate by seed when available or by COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE E. cheilanthifolium, syn. E. petraeum arching, slightly toothed, pale green basal
softwood cuttings in late spring or summer. subsp. crispum, illus. p.341. leaves. Bears towering umbels of small,
E. anthyllis, syn. E. pungens, illus. p.334. Genus of summer-flowering perennials E. chrysanthum, illus. p.343. thistle-like, greenish-purple flower heads in
E. pungens. See E. anthyllis. and evergreen subshrubs, grown for their E. corsicum, illus. p.362. summer. Z9–10 H12–9.
silvery foliage and daisylike flowers. Is E. foetidum, syn. E. petraeum. Compact, E. paniculatum. See E. eburneum.
ERINUS suitable for rock gardens and front of mound-forming perennial. H 6–8in E. x tripartitum, illus. p.250.
borders. Needs sun and well-drained soil. (15–20cm), S 8in (20cm). Produces saucer- E. variifolium, illus. p.271.
Fairy foxglove Propagate by division in spring or by seed shaped, single, red-veined, pink flowers in E. x zabelii ‘Violetta’. Upright perennial.
in fall. summer. Oval, gray leaves have deeply cut H 30in (75cm), S 24in (60cm). Has rounded,
SCROPHULARIACEAE/PLANTAGINACEAE E. lanatum, syn. Bahia lanata, illus. p.276. edges. Z6–8 H8–6. divided, mid-green leaves. Loose heads of
E. manescaui, syn. E. manescavii, illus. thistle-like, deep violet flowers, surrounded
Genus of short-lived, semievergreen ERIOSYCE p.265. by narrow, spiny, silvery-blue bracts, are
E. manescavii. See E. manescaui. produced in late summer. Z5–8 H8–5.
E perennials, suitable for rock gardens, walls CACTACEAE E. petraeum. See E. foetidum.
E. petraeum subsp. crispum. See ERYSIMUM
and troughs. Needs sun and well-drained Genus of spherical to columnar, perennial E. cheilanthifolium.
soil. Propagate species by seed in fall (but cacti, grown for their egg-shaped, red, E. reichardii, syn. E. chamaedryoides Wallflower
seedlings will vary considerably), selected brown or green seed pods, which are (Cranesbill). Mound-forming perennial.
forms by softwood cuttings in early similar to those of Wigginsia. Requires full H 1in (2.5cm), S 21/2–3in (6–8cm). In CRUCIFERAE/BRASSICACEAE
summer. Self-seeds freely. sun and very well-drained soil. Propagate summer, saucer-shaped, single flowers,
E. alpinus, illus. p.352. ‘Dr. Haenele’. by seed in spring or summer. either white or pink with darker veins, are Genus of annuals, biennials, evergreen or
See E. alpinus ‘Dr. Hähnle’. ‘Dr. Hähnle’, E. chilensis, syn. Echinocactus chilensis, borne above tiny, oaklike leaves. Is good semievergreen, short-lived perennials and
syn. E. alpinus ‘Dr. Haenele’ is a Neoporteria chilensis. Spherical, then for a rock garden or trough. Z8–9 H9–8. subshrubs, grown for their flowers. Is
semievergreen, basal-rosetted perennial. columnar, perennial cactus. H 12in (30cm), E. x variabile ‘Flore Pleno’ Variable, closely related to Cheiranthus and is
H and S 2–3in (5–8cm). Small, flat, 2-lipped, S 4in (10cm). Pale green stem has a dense cushion-forming or spreading perennial. suitable for borders, banks and rock
deep pink flowers are produced in late covering of sturdy, golden spines. Crown H 4in (10cm), S 12in (30cm). Has oval to gardens. Requires sun and well-drained
spring and summer. Leaves are small, oval bears flattish, pink-orange or white narrowly oval, dark to gray-green leaves soil. Propagate by seed in spring or fall
and mid-green. flowers, to 2in (5cm) across, in summer. with scalloped edges and long stalks. From or by softwood cuttings in summer.
Z9–11 H11–8. spring to fall, flower stems each bear 1 or 2 E. x allionii, syn. E. x marshallii (Siberian
ERIOBOTRYA E. kunzei, syn. Neoporteria nidus. rounded, double, pink flowers with darker wallflower). ‘Orange Bedder’, illus.
Spherical to columnar, perennial cactus. veins; outer petals are rounded, inner p.324.
Loquat H 4in (10cm), S 3in (8cm). Long, soft, gray petals narrower. ‘Ken Aslet’ has single, E. ‘Bowles’s Mauve’, syn. E. ‘E.A.
spines completely encircle dark greenish- deep pink flowers. Bowles’, Cheiranthus ‘Bowles’ Mauve’,
ROSACEAE brown stem. In spring or fall produces illus. p.261.
tubular, pink to cerise flowers, 11/4–2in Erpetion reniforme. See Viola E. ‘Bredon’, syn. Cheiranthus ‘Bredon’,
Genus of evergreen, fall-flowering trees (3–5cm) long, with paler bases; they open hederacea. illus. p.336.
and shrubs, grown for their foliage, flowers only at the tips. Z9–11 H11–8. E. cheiri, syn. Cheiranthus cheiri (English
and edible fruits. Where marginally hardy, E. napina, syn. Neoporteria mitis, ERYNGIUM wallflower). Evergreen, bushy perennial,
it is best grown against a south- or west- Neochilenia mitis, Neoporteria napina, illus. grown as a biennial. H 10–32in (25–80cm),
facing wall. Fruits, which ripen in spring, p.485. Sea holly S 12–16in (30–40cm). Has lance-shaped, mid-
may be damaged by hard, winter frosts. E. subgibbosa, syn. Neoporteria litoralis, to deep green leaves. Heads of fragrant,
Requires sunny, fertile, well-drained soil. Neoporteria subgibbosa. Spherical to UMBELLIFERAE/APIACEAE 4-petaled flowers in red, yellow, bronze,
Propagate by seed in fall or spring. columnar, perennial cactus. H 12in (30cm), white and orange, are borne in spring. Z3–7
E. japonica, illus. p.194. S 4in (10cm). Light green to dark gray- Genus of biennials and perennials, some H7–1. Bedder Series is dwarf and has
green stem bears large, woolly areoles and of which are evergreen, grown for their golden-yellow, primrose-yellow, orange or
574 ERIOGONUM sturdy, amber spines. In late summer bears flowers, foliage and habit. Needs sun and scarlet-red flowers. Fair Lady Series
flattish, carmine-pink flowers, 11/2in (4cm) fertile, well-drained soil. Propagate species produces flowers in pale pink, yellow and
St. Catherine’s lace, Wild buckwheat across. Z9–11 H11–8. by seed in fall, selected forms by division creamy white, with some reds. ‘Fire King’,
E. villosa, syn. Neoporteria villosa, illus. in spring or root cuttings in winter. illus. p.326. Flowers of ‘Ivory White’ are
POLYGONACEAE p.490. E. agavifolium, syn. E. bromeliifolium. creamy white. Treasure Series ‘Treasure
Evergreen, clump-forming perennial. Red’ has red flowers.
Genus of annuals, biennials and evergreen H 5ft (1.5m), S 2ft (60cm). Forms rosettes of
perennials, subshrubs and shrubs, grown sword-shaped, sharply toothed, rich green
for their rosetted, hairy, often silver or
white leaves. Needs full sun and well-
drained, even poor soil. In cool, wet-winter
areas, protect shrubby species and hairy-
leaved perennials. Water container plants

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E. ‘E.A. Bowles’. See E. ‘Bowles’s Mauve’. plain green leaves. Produces a spike of up ESPOSTOA rounded, gray-blue, young leaves joined
E. helveticum, syn. E. pumilum, illus. to 10 pendent, bright yellow flowers, with around stems. Leaves on mature trees are
p.358. reflexed petals. Z3–9 H9–1. CACTACEAE long and pendulous. White flowers are
E. x kewense ‘Harpur Crewe’, syn. borne in late summer. Z8–10 H10–8.
Cheiranthus cheiri ‘Harpur Crewe’, illus. ESCALLONIA Genus of columnar, perennial cacti, E. viminalis (Manna gum, Ribbon gum).
p.336. each with a 10–30-ribbed stem, eventually Vigorous, evergreen, spreading tree.
E. linifolium. Short-lived, semievergreen, ESCALLONIACEAE becoming bushy or treelike with age. Most H 100ft (30m), S 50ft (15m). Bark peels on
open, dome-shaped subshrub. H to 12in species are densely covered in woolly, upper trunk. Lance-shaped, dark green
(30cm), S 8in (20cm) or more. Leaves are Genus of evergreen, semievergreen or white hairs masking short, sharp spines. leaves become very long, narrow and pale
narrowly lance-shaped and blue-gray. deciduous shrubs and trees, grown for Bears cup-shaped flowers, as well as extra green when mature. Bears clusters of
Tight heads of small, 4-petaled, pale violet their 5-petaled flowers and glossy foliage. wool down the side of stems facing the sun, stamened, white flowers in summer. Z8–10
flowers are produced in early summer. Thrives in mild areas, where Escallonia is only after about 30 years. Needs full sun H10–8.
Z7–9 H9–7. wind-resistant and ideal for hedging in and very well-drained soil. Propagate by
E. x marshallii. See E. x allionii. coastal gardens. At the limits of hardiness, seed in spring or summer. EUCHARIS
E. ‘Moonlight’, syn. Cheiranthus protect from strong winds and grow E. lanata, illus. p.482.
‘Moonlight’, illus. p.335. against a south- or west-facing wall. AMARYLLIDACEAE
E. pumilum. See E. helveticum. Requires full sun and fertile, well-drained EUCALYPTUS
soil. Trim hedges and wall-trained plants Genus of evergreen bulbs, grown for their
ERYTHRINA after flowering. Propagate by softwood Gum fragrant, white flowers that resemble large,
cuttings in summer. white daffodils, with a cup and 6 spreading
Coral tree E. ‘Apple Blossom’, illus. p.133. MYRTACEAE petals. Prefers at least 50% relative
E. ‘Donard Beauty’, illus. p.154. humidity. Needs partial shade and rich soil.
LEGUMINOSAE/PAPILIONACEAE E. ‘Donard Seedling’, illus. p.131. Genus of evergreen trees and shrubs, Water freely in summer. Propagate by seed
E. ‘Edinensis’. Vigorous, evergreen, grown for their bark, flowers and aromatic when ripe or by offsets in spring.
Genus of deciduous or semievergreen arching shrub. H 6ft (2m), S 10ft (3m). Bears foliage. Needs full sun, shelter from cold E. amazonica, syn. E. grandiflora, illus.
trees, shrubs and perennials, grown for small, oblong, bright green leaves. Small, winds, and fertile, well-drained soil. Plant p.414.
their flowers. Requires full sun and well- pink flowers are produced from early smallest obtainable trees. Water container E. grandiflora of gardens. See
drained soil. Water container plants to mid-summer. Is one of the hardier plants moderately, less in winter. E. amazonica.
moderately, very little in winter or when escallonias. Z8–9 H9–8. Attractive, young foliage of some species,
leafless. Propagate by seed in spring or E. ‘Iveyi’, illus. p.112. normally lost with age, may be retained EUCOMIS E
semiripe cuttings in summer. Red spider E. ‘Langleyensis’. Evergreen or by cutting growth back hard in spring.
mite may be a problem. semievergreen, arching shrub. H 6ft (2m), Propagate by seed in spring or fall. Pineapple flower, Pineapple lily
E. americana. See E. coralloides. S 10ft (3m). Has small, glossy, bright green E. camaldulensis (Red gum, River red
E. x bidwillii, illus. p.136. leaves and an abundance of rose-red gum). Fast-growing, drought-resistant, LILIACEAE/ASPARAGACEAE
E. coralloides, syn. E. americana (Flame flowers from early to mid-summer. Z8–9 evergreen, rounded tree. H 100ft (30m) or
coral tree, Naked coral tree). Deciduous, H9–8. more, S 70ft (20m) or more. Young bark is Genus of summer- and fall-flowering bulbs,
untidily rounded shrub or tree with E. leucantha, illus. p.112. gray, brown and cream; leaves are lance- grown for their dense spikes of flowers,
somewhat prickly stems. H and S 10–20ft E. rubra. ‘Crimson Spire’ Very shaped, slender, green or blue-green. Has which are overtopped by a tuft of small,
(3–6m). Has leaves of 3 triangular leaflets, vigorous, evergreen, upright shrub. umbels of small, cream flowers in summer. leaflike bracts, as in a pineapple. Where not
the largest central one 41/2in (11cm) long. H and S 10ft (3m). Has oval, rich Z9–10 H10–9. hardy, lift in fall and overwinter indoors.
Racemes of pealike, red flowers are borne green leaves and, throughout summer, E. coccifera, illus. p.68. Needs full sun and well-drained soil. Plant
on leafless stems in early spring and tubular, deep red flowers. ‘Woodside’, E. dalrympleana, illus. p.67. in spring and water freely in summer.
summer. Z9–11 H12–1. illus. p.156. E. ficifolia (Red-flowering gum). Propagate by seed or division of clumps
E. crista-galli, illus. p.137. E. virgata, illus. p.130. Moderately fast-growing, evergreen, in spring.
rounded tree. H and S to 25ft (8m). Has E. autumnalis, syn. E. undulata. Late
ERYTHRONIUM ESCHSCHOLZIA broadly lance-shaped, glossy, deep green summer- to fall-flowering bulb. H 8–12in
leaves and, in spring–summer, large (20–30cm), S 24–30in (60–75cm). Has strap-
LILIACEAE California poppy panicles of many-stamened, pale to deep shaped, wavy-edged leaves in a semierect,
red flowers. Prefers acidic soil. Z9–10 basal tuft. Leafless stem bears small, star-
Genus of spring-flowering, tuberous PAPAVERACEAE H10–9. shaped, pale green or white flowers in a
perennials, grown for their pendent E. glaucescens (Tingiringi gum). dense spike, with cluster of leaflike bracts
flowers and, in some cases, mottled Genus of annuals, grown for their bright, Evergreen, spreading tree. H 40ft (12m), at apex. Z7–10 .
leaves. Requires partial shade and rich, poppy-like flowers. Is suitable for rock S 25ft (8m). Young bark is white. Leaves E. bicolor, illus. p.412.
well-drained soil, where tubers will not gardens and gaps in paving. Requires sun are silvery-blue and rounded when young; E. comosa, illus. p.409.
dry out in summer while dormant. and poor, very well-drained soil. Dead- long, narrow and blue-gray when mature. E. pallidiflora, illus. p.409.
Propagate by seed in fall. Some species head regularly to ensure a long flowering In fall bears clusters of many-stamened, E. undulata. See E. autumnalis.
increase by offsets, which can be period. Propagate by seed sown outdoors white flowers. Z9–10 H10–9.
divided in late summer. Do not allow in spring or early fall. E. globulus (Blue gum, Tasmanian blue EUCOMMIA
tubers to dry out before replanting, E. caespitosa, illus. p.321. gum). Very fast-growing, evergreen,
6in (15cm) deep. E. californica, illus. p.326. (mixed) Fast- spreading tree. H 100ft (30m), S 40ft (12m). EUCOMMIACEAE
E. americanum, illus. p.421. growing, slender, erect annual. H 12in Bark peels in ribbons. Large, oval to
E. californicum, illus. p.415. ‘White (30cm), S 6in (15cm). Feathery leaves are oblong, silvery-blue leaves are long, Genus of one species of deciduous tree,
Beauty’, illus. p.399. bluish-green. Cup-shaped, 4-petaled, single narrow and glossy, mid-green when grown for its unusual foliage. Needs full
E. dens-canis, illus. p.418. flowers, in shades of red, orange, yellow or mature. White flowers, consisting of tufts sun and fertile, well-drained soil. Propagate
E. grandiflorum. Spring-flowering, cream, are borne in summer–fall. Z11 H9–1. of stamens, are borne in summer–fall, by softwood cuttings in summer.
tuberous perennial. H 4–12in (10–30cm), Ballerina Series has flowers in shades of often year-round. Z9–10 H10–9. E. ulmoides (Hardy rubber tree).
S 2–3in (5–8cm). Has 2 lance-shaped, red, orange, yellow or cream. Thai Silk E. gunnii, illus. p.68. Deciduous, spreading tree. H 40ft (12m),
semierect, basal, plain bright green leaves. Series, illus. p.327. E. johnstonii, illus. p.68. S 25ft (8m). Drooping, oval leaves are
Stem bears 1–3 pendent, bright yellow E. niphophila. See E. pauciflora subsp. pointed and glossy, dark green; when
flowers, with reflexed petals. Z4–9 H9–1. ESCOBARIA niphophila. pulled apart, leaf pieces stay joined by
E. hendersonii, illus. p.402. E. pauciflora, illus. p.79. subsp. rubbery threads. Inconspicuous flowers
E. oregonum, illus. p.399. CACTACEAE niphophila, syn. E. niphophila (Snow are produced in late spring before leaves.
E. ‘Pagoda’, illus. p.406. gum), illus. p.78, is an evergreen, spreading Z4–7 H7–1.
E. revolutum. Tuberous perennial. Genus of mainly spherical to columnar, tree. H to 25ft (8m), S 20–50ft (6–15m).
H 8–12in (20–30cm), S 6in (15cm). Has perennial cacti. The stems are studded with Flaking bark reveals yellow, bronze, or EUCRYPHIA 575
lance-shaped, semierect, basal, brown- tubercles (each with a furrow immediately greenish patches. Lance-shaped foliage is
mottled, green leaves and a loose spike of above it) and very spiny, generally white blue-green, gray-green when young. Bears EUCRYPHIACEAE/CUNONIACEAE
1–4 pendent, pale to deep pink flowers, areoles. Needs full sun and poor to whitish-cream flowers in summer. Z9–10
with reflexed petals, in spring. Z5–8 H8–5. moderately fertile, well-drained soil. H10–9. Genus of evergreen, semievergreen or
E. tuolumnense. Tuberous perennial. Propagate by seed in spring or by offsets E. perriniana (Spinning gum). Fast- deciduous trees and shrubs, grown for
H to 12in (30cm), S 5–6in (12–15cm). Has in summer. growing, evergreen, spreading tree. their foliage and often fragrant, white
2 lance-shaped, semierect, basal, glossy, E. vivipara, syn. Coryphantha vivipara, H 12–30ft (4–10m), S 10–25ft (3–8m). Has flowers. Needs a sheltered, semi-shaded
illus. p.480. position in all but mild, wet areas, where it
will withstand more exposure. Does best

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with roots in a cool, moist, shaded site and Deciduous, treelike shrub or small tree, EUPHORBIA E. milii, illus. p.456. var. splendens,
crown in sun. Needs fertile, well-drained, sometimes semievergreen. H and S 25ft syn. E. splendens is a slow-growing,
lime-free soil,  except for E. cordifolia and (8m). Oval, mid-green leaves often turn Milkweed, Spurge mainly evergreen, spreading, spiny,
E. x nymansensis. Propagate by semiripe pink and red in fall. Tiny, green flowers in semi-succulent shrub. H to 6ft (2m),
cuttings in late summer. late spring and early summer are EUPHORBIACEAE S to 3ft (1m). Has oblong to oval leaves
E. cordifolia, illus. p.73. followed by 4-lobed, rose-pink fruits and, intermittently year-round but
E. glutinosa, illus. p.85. enclosed in a bright red casing. Z6–8 Genus of shrubs, succulents and especially in spring, clusters of tiny
E. lucida, illus. p.85. H8–6. subsp. sieboldianus, syn. perennials, some of which are flowers enclosed in large, petal-like, red
E. milliganii, illus. p.129. E. yedoensis (illus. p.142), H and S 20ft semievergreen or evergreen, and annuals. bracts. Z11–12 H12–1.
E. x nymansensis ‘Nymansay’, illus. (6m) or more, has pink fruits. subsp. Flower heads consist of cup-shaped E. myrsinites, illus. p.357.
p.73. sieboldianus ‘Red Elf’, illus. p.140. bracts, in various colors and usually each E. nicaeensis. Clump-forming perennial
E. japonicus (Japanese spindle). containing several flowers lacking typical with a woody base. H 30in (75cm), S 18in
Eugenia australis of gardens. See ‘Latifolius Albomarginatus’, syn. sepals and petals. Prefers sun or partial (45cm). Has narrowly oval, fleshy, gray-
Syzygium paniculatum. E. japonicus ‘Macrophyllus Albus’ illus. shade and moist but well-drained soil. green leaves. Umbels of greenish-yellow
Eugenia paniculata. See Syzygium p.144. ‘Macrophyllus’ is an evergreen, Propagate by basal cuttings in spring or flower heads with cup-shaped bracts
paniculatum. upright, dense shrub.H 12ft (4m), S 6ft summer, by division in spring or early are borne throughout summer.
Eugenia ugni. See Ugni molinae. (2m). Has large, oval, glossy, dark green Z5–8 H8–5.
Euodia. See Tetradium. leaves and, in summer, small, star-shaped, fall or by seed in fall or spring. T All E. obesa, illus. p.493.
Euodia hupehensis. See Tetradium green flowers, followed by spherical, E. palustris. Bushy perennial. H and S 3ft
daniellii. pink fruits with orange seeds. Is good parts may cause severe discomfort if (1m). Clusters of yellow-green flower
for hedging, particularly in coastal areas. ingested; contact with their milky sap heads, with cup-shaped bracts, are
E EUONYMUS Z6–8 H8–6. ‘Macrophyllus Albus’. See may irritate skin. produced in spring above oblong to lance-
E. japonicus ‘Latifolius Albomarginatus’. E. amygdaloides (Wood spurge). shaped, yellowish-green leaves. Z7–9 H7–6.
576 CELASTRACEAE Leaves of ‘Ovatus Aureus’ are broadly ‘Purpurea’ is a semievergreen, erect E. polychroma, syn. E. epithymoides,
edged with golden-yellow. perennial. H and S 1ft (30cm). Stems and illus. p.262.
Genus of evergreen or deciduous shrubs E. latifolius, illus. p.140. narrowly oval leaves are green, heavily E. pulcherrima, illus. p.455. ‘Paul
and trees, sometimes climbing, grown E. myrianthus, illus. p.117. suffused purple-red. Has flower heads Mikkelson’ is a mainly evergreen,
for their foliage, fall color and fruits. E. oxyphyllus, illus. p.117. of cup-shaped, yellow bracts in spring. erect, freely branching shrub. H and
Needs sun or semi-shade and well- E. planipes, syn. E. sachalinensis. Is susceptible to mildew. Z6–10 H10–2. S 10–12ft (3–4m). Bears oval to lance-
drained soil, although, for evergreen Deciduous, upright, shrub. H and S 10ft var. robbiae, syn. E. robbiae illus. shaped, shallowly lobed leaves. From
species in full sun, soil should not be very (3m). Bears oval, mid-green leaves that p.262. late fall to spring has flattened heads of
dry. Propagate by semiripe cuttings in turn to brilliant red in fall, as large, E. bicompacta var. rubra, syn. small, greenish-white flowers with large,
summer or by seed in fall. E. europaeus 4- or 5-lobed, red fruits open to reveal Synadenium compactum var. rubrum, leaflike, bright red bracts. Z13–15
and E. japonicus may be attacked by bright orange seeds. Star-shaped, green Synadenium grantii ‘Rubrum’. H12–1.
caterpillars; E. japonicus is susceptible flowers are produced in late spring. Evergreen, erect, robust-stemmed shrub. E. rigida, syn. E. biglandulosa, illus. p.227.
Z5–9 H9–5. H 10–12ft (3–4m), S 6ft (2m) or more. E. robbiae. See E. amygdaloides var.
to mildew. T All parts may cause mild E. sachalinensis of gardens. See Has very small, red flowers in fall, robbiae.
E. planipes. largely concealed by lance-shaped to E. schillingii, illus. p.251.
stomach upset if ingested. E. yedoensis. See E. hamiltonianus subsp. oval, glossy, purplish-green leaves, red- E. seguieriana. Clump-forming,
E. alatus, illus. p.140. ‘Compactus’ is sieboldianus. purple beneath. Z10–11 H12–9. semievergreen perennial. H and S 18in
a deciduous, bushy, dense shrub. H 3ft ‘Rubrum’ Evergreen, erect, robust- (45cm). Has narrowly lance-shaped,
(1m), S 10ft (3m). Shoots have corky EUPATORIUM stemmed shrub. H 10–12ft (3–4m), glaucous leaves on slender stems. Bears
wings. Oval, dark green leaves turn S 6ft (2m) or more. Has very small, red large, terminal clusters of yellowish-
brilliant red in fall. Bears inconspicuous, COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE flowers in fall, largely concealed by green flowers in late spring. Z8–11
greenish-white flowers in summer, lance-shaped to oval, glossy, purplish- H12–8.
followed by small, 4-lobed, purple or red Genus of perennials, subshrubs and green leaves, red-purple beneath. E. sikkimensis, illus. p.242.
fruits. Z3–9 H9–1. shrubs, many of which are evergreen, E. biglandulosa. See E. rigida. E. splendens. See E. milii var. splendens.
E. cornutus var. quinquecornutus. grown mainly for their flowers, some E. candelabrum. Deciduous, treelike, E. tithymaloides, syn. Pedilanthus
Deciduous, spreading, open shrub. H 6ft also for their architectural foliage. perennial succulent. H 30ft (10m), S 15ft tithymaloides. Bushy, perennial succulent.
(2m), S 10ft (3m). Has narrowly lance- Requires full light or partial shade. Will (5m). Erect, 3–5-angled, deeply indented, H 10ft (3m), S 1ft (30cm). Has thin, erect
shaped, dark green leaves. Small, grow in any conditions, although most glossy, dark green stems, often marbled stems zigzagging at each node. Leaves
purplish-green flowers in summer are species prefer moist but well-drained white, branch and rebranch candelabra- are mid-green and boat-shaped, with
followed by 5-horned, pink fruits that soil. Water container plants freely when like. Has short-lived, spear-shaped prominent ribs beneath. Red to yellowish-
open to reveal orange-red seeds. Z9–10 in full growth, moderately at other times. leaves. Rounded heads of small flowers, green bracts are produced at each of the
H10–8. Prune shrubs lightly after flowering or with cup-shaped, yellow bracts, are stem tips in summer. Prefers partial shade.
E. europaeus (Spindle tree). ‘Red in spring. Propagate by seed in spring; produced in spring. Z10–11 H12–10. Z10–11 H12–10. ‘Variegata’, illus. p.483.
Cascade’, illus. p.140. shrubs and subshrubs may also be E. characias subsp. characias, illus.
E. fortunei. Evergreen shrub, grown propagated by softwood or greenwood p.147. subsp. wulfenii, illus. p.147. EUPTELEA
only as var. radicans and its cultivars, cuttings in summer, perennials by E. cyparissias, illus. p.262.
which are climbing or prostrate. H 15ft division in early spring or fall. Red E. epithymoides. See E. polychroma. EUPTELEACEAE
(5m) if supported, S  indefinite. Bears spider mite and whitefly may be E. fulgens (Scarlet plume). Evergreen,
oval, dark green leaves and troublesome. erect, arching shrub. H 3–5ft (1–1.5m), Genus of deciduous trees, grown for
inconspicuous, greenish-white flowers E. ageratoides. See Ageratina altissima. S 2–3ft (60cm–1m). Has elliptic to lance- their foliage. Prefers full sun and
from early to mid-summer. Makes good E. ianthinum. See Bartlettina sordida. shaped, mid- to deep green leaves, to fertile, well-drained soil. Propagate by
groundcover. Z5–9 H9–2. Foliage of E. ligustrinum. See Ageratina ligustrina. 4in (10cm) long. From winter to spring seed in fall.
‘Coloratus’ turns reddish-purple in fall– E. maculatum ‘Riesenschirm’, illus. bears leafy, wandlike sprays of small E. polyandra. Deciduous, bushy-headed
winter. ‘Emerald ’n’ Gold’ illus. p.167. p.221. flowers, each cluster surrounded by 5 tree. H 25ft (8m), S 20ft (6m). Long-
‘Emerald Gaiety’, H 3ft (1m), S 5ft E. micranthum. See Ageratina ligustrina. petal-like, scarlet bracts, 3/4–11/4in (2–3cm) stalked, narrowly oval, pointed, sharply
(1.5m), is bushy, with rounded, white- E. purpureum (Joe Pye weed). Stately, across. Z14–15 H12–10. toothed leaves are glossy and bright
edged, deep green leaves. Young, upright perennial. H to 7ft (2.2m), S to 3ft E. gorgonis (Gorgon’s head). Deciduous, green, turning red and yellow in fall. Has
rounded leaves of ‘Golden Prince’, syn. (1m). Oval leaves are arranged in whorls hemispherical, perennial succulent. H 3in inconspicuous flowers in spring before
E. fortunei ‘Gold Tip’ are edged bright along purplish stems. Terminal heads of (8cm), S 4in (10cm). Has a much-ribbed, leaves emerge. Z6–14 H12–1.
yellow, aging to creamy-white. ‘Gold tubular, pinkish-purple flowers are borne green main stem crowned by 3–5 rows of
Tip’. See E. fortunei ‘Golden Prince’. in late summer–early fall. Z3–9 H9–1. prostrate stems, 1/2in (1cm) wide, that are EURYA
‘Kewensis’, H 4in (10cm) or more, has E. rugosum. See Ageratina altissima. gradually shed. In spring, crown also bears
slender stems and tiny leaves, and forms E. sordidum. See Bartlettina sordida. rounded heads of small, fragrant flowers THEACEAE/PENTAPHYLACACEAE
dense mats of growth. ‘Sarcoxie’, H and E. urticifolium. See Ageratina altissima. with cup-shaped, yellow bracts. Z14–15
S 4ft (1.2m), is vigorous, upright and E. weinmannianum. See Ageratina H12–10. Genus of evergreen shrubs and trees,
bushy, with glossy, dark green leaves. ligustrina. E. griffithii ‘Fireglow’, illus. p.246. grown for their foliage. Insignificant
‘Silver Queen’, illus. p.144. ‘Sunspot’ E. hypericifolia DIAMOND FROST flowers are produced from spring to
bears deep green leaves, each marked in (‘Inneuphe’), illus. p.298. summer. Tolerates partial shade or full
center with golden-yellow. E. marginata, illus. p.299.
E. hamiltonianus, illus. p.142. E. mellifera, illus. p.127.

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light and needs fertile, well-drained EXOCHORDA F FALLOPIA
soil. Water container specimens freely
when in full growth, less at other times. Pearl bush FABIANA SYN. BILDERDYKIA, REYNOUTRIA
Propagate by seed when ripe or in
spring or by semiripe cuttings in late ROSACEAE SOLANACEAE POLYGONACEAE
summer.
E. emarginata, illus. p.165. Genus of deciduous shrubs, grown for Genus of evergreen shrubs, grown for Genus of rhizomatous, climbing or
E. japonica. Evergreen, bushy shrub or their abundant, showy, white flowers. their foliage and flowers. Requires full sun scrambling, woody-based perennials
small tree. H and S 30ft (10m). Has elliptic Prefers full sun and fertile, well-drained and fertile, well-drained soil. Propagate by that are good for training on pergolas
to lance-shaped, bluntly toothed, leathery, soil. Improve vigor and flowering by softwood cuttings in summer. and deciduous trees or for covering
dark green leaves. Inconspicuous, green thinning out old shoots after flowering. F. imbricata ‘Prostrata’. Evergreen, unsightly structures. Needs full sun or
flowers, borne from spring to summer, Propagate by softwood cuttings in summer mound-forming, very dense shrub. partial shade and moist but well-drained
are followed on female plants by tiny, or by seed in fall. Chlorosis may be a H 3ft (1m), S 6ft (2m). Shoots are densely soil. Propagate by seed sown as soon as
spherical, purple-black fruits. problem on shallow, chalky soil. covered with tiny, heather-like, deep green ripe or in spring or by semi-ripe cuttings
Z8–10 H10–8. E. giraldii. Deciduous, widely arching leaves. Bears a profusion of tubular, white in summer or hardwood cuttings in fall.
‘Variegata’ of gardens. See Cleyera shrub. H and S 10ft (3m). Has pinkish- flowers in early summer. Z9–11 H12–10. F. aubertii, syn. Polygonum aubertii
japonica ‘Fortunei’. green, young growths and oblong leaves. f. violacea, syn. F. imbricata ‘Violacea’, (Silver flea vine, Silver lace vine). Vigorous,
Bears upright racemes of large, 5-petaled, illus. p.204. ‘Violacea’. See F. imbricata deciduous, woody-stemmed, twining
EURYALE white flowers in late spring. Z6–9 H9–6. f. violacea. climber. H to 40ft (12m) or more. Leaves
E. x macrantha ‘The Bride’, illus. p.132. are broadly heart-shaped. Panicles of small,
NYMPHAEACEAE E. racemosa (Common pearl bush). FAGUS white or greenish flowers, aging to pink,
Deciduous, arching shrub. H and S 12ft are borne in summer–fall and are followed
Genus of one species of annual, deep-water (4m). Has upright clusters of 5-petaled, Beech by angled, pinkish-white fruits. Is often
plant, grown for its floating foliage; is white flowers in late spring. Leaves are confused with F. baldschuanica. Z5–9 H9–3.
suitable only for tropical pools. Needs full oblong and deep blue-green. Prefers acidic FAGACEAE F. aubertii of gardens. (Silver flea vine,
light, constant warmth and heavy feeding. soil. Z5–9 H9–5. Silver lace vine) See F. baldschuanica.
Propagate by seed in spring. Genus of deciduous trees, grown for their F. baldschuanica, syn. F. aubertii of
E. ferox. Annual, deep-water plant. habit, foliage and fall color. Insignificant gardens, Polygonum baldschuanicum, illus.
S 5ft (1.5m). Has floating, rounded, spiny, flowers appear in late spring and hairy p.208.
olive-green leaves, with rich purple fruits ripen in fall to release edible,
undersides. Bears small, shuttlecock-like, triangular nuts. Requires sun or semi- FALLUGIA
red or violet-purple flowers in summer. shade; purple-leaved forms prefer full
Z12–15 H12–6. sun, yellow-leaved forms a little shade. ROSACEAE
Grows well in any but waterlogged soil.
EURYOPS F. sylvatica, when used as hedging, should Genus of one species of deciduous shrub,
be trimmed in summer. Propagate species grown for its flowers and showy fruit
COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE by seed in fall, and selected forms by clusters. Requires a hot, sunny position and
budding in late summer. Problems may be well-drained soil. Propagate by softwood
Genus of evergreen shrubs and subshrubs, caused by bracket fungi, canker-causing cuttings in summer or by seed in fall.
grown for their foliage and daisylike flower fungi, aphids and beech coccus. F. paradoxa, illus. p.128.
heads. Is suitable for borders and rock F. americana. See F. grandifolia.
gardens. Needs sun and moist but well- F. grandifolia (American beech), syn. FARFUGIUM F
drained soil. May not tolerate root F. americana. Deciduous, spreading tree.
disturbance. Propagate by softwood H and S 30ft (10m). Oval, silky, pale green COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE
cuttings in summer. young leaves mature to dark green in
E. acraeus, syn. E. evansii, illus. p.344. summer, then turn golden-brown in fall. Genus of perennials, grown for their
E. evansii of gardens. See E. acraeus. Z3–9 H9–1. foliage and daisy-like flower heads. Needs
E. pectinatus, illus. p.319. F. orientalis. (Oriental beech) Deciduous, sun or semi-shade and moist but well-
spreading tree. H 70ft (20m), S 50ft (15m). drained soil. Propagate by division in
EUSTOMA Has large, oval, wavy-edged, dark green spring or by seed in fall or spring.
leaves that turn yellow in fall. Z4–7 H7–1. F. japonicum, syn. Ligularia tussilaginea
GENTIANACEAE F. sylvatica (European beech), illus. p.64. (Leopard plant). Loosely clump-forming
‘Aspleniifolia’, illus. p.64. perennial. H and S 24in (60cm). Has large,
Genus of annuals and perennials, grown f. atropunicea, syn. F. sylvatica rounded, toothed, mid-green, basal leaves,
for their poppy-like flowers that are good Atropurpureum Group, F. sylvatica f. above which rise woolly, branched stems
for cutting. Makes a good container-grown purpurea (Copper beech, Purple beech) bearing clusters of daisy-like, pale yellow
plant. Needs sun and well-drained soil. is a deciduous, round-headed tree. H 80ft flower heads in late summer. Z7–9 H9–7.
Propagate by seed sown under glass in (25m), S 50ft (15m). Has oval, wavy- ‘Aureomaculatum’ has variegated, gold-
late winter. margined, purple leaves that turn a and-white leaves.
E. grandiflorum, syn. E. russellianum, rich coppery color in fall. Z5–7 H7–5.
Lisianthus russellianus, illus. p.299. Heidi Atropurpureum Group. See F. sylvatica FARGESIA 577
Series produces flowers in shades of f. atropunicea. Aurea Pendula’, H 100ft
rose-pink, blue, white and bicolors. Z8–11 (30m), S 80ft (25m), is a slender tree GRAMINEAE/POACEAE
H12–1. with pendulous branches and bright yellow
E. russellianum. See E. grandiflorum. leaves that become rich yellow and orange- See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES
brown in fall. ‘Dawyck’, illus. p.79. and SEDGES.
EXACUM ‘Dawyck Purple’ is similar, but has deep F. murieliae, syn. Arundinaria murieliae,
purple foliage. Leaves of f. laciniata F. spathacea of gardens, Sinarundinaria
GENTIANACEAE (Cutleaf beech) are deeply cut. f. pendula, murieliae, Thamnocalamus murieliae,
syn. F. sylvatica ‘Pendula’, illus. p.62. Thamnocalamus spathaceus of gardens
Genus of annuals, biennials and perennials, ‘Pendula’. See F. sylvatica f. pendula. (Umbrella bamboo). Evergreen, clump-
grown for their profusion of flowers, that f. purpurea. See F. sylvatica f. atropunicea. forming bamboo. H 12ft (4m), S indefinite.
are excellent as pot plants. Needs sun and ‘Purpurea Pendula’, H and S 10ft (3m), Has gray young culms with loose, light
well-drained soil. Propagate by seed sown has stiff, weeping branches and blackish- brown sheaths and broad, apple-green
in early spring for flowering the same year purple foliage. ‘Riversii’, illus. p.61. leaves, each very long- drawn-out at its tip.
or in late summer for the following year. ‘Rohanii’ illus. p.61. ‘Zlatia’ produces Flower spikes are unimportant. Z5–9 H9–4.
E. affine (Persian violet). Evergreen, bushy yellow young foliage that later becomes F. nitida (Fountain bamboo), syn.
perennial, usually grown as an annual. mid- to dark green. Arundinaria nitida, Sinarundinaria nitida.
H and S 8–12in (20–30cm). Has oval, glossy Evergreen, clump-forming bamboo.
leaves and masses of tiny, scented, saucer- H 15ft (5m), S indefinite. Has small, pointed,
shaped, purple, rose-pink or white flowers, mid-green leaves on dark purple stalks and
with yellow stamens, in summer and early several branches at each node. Stems are
fall. H7–1. often purple with close sheaths. Z5–9 H9–5.
F. spathacea of gardens. See F. murieliae.

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FASCICULARIA FELICIA cactus. H 8in (20cm), S 16in (40cm). Green spring or by leaf-bud or stem-tip cuttings
stem, with 15–20 ribs, bears broad, hooked, or air-layering in summer. Red spider mite
BROMELIACEAE SYN. AGATHAEA red or yellow spines. Funnel-shaped, pale
Blue daisy yellow or red flowers are produced in may be a nuisance. T The foliage may
Genus of evergreen, rosette-forming summer on plants more than 4in (10cm)
perennials, grown for their overall COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE wide. Z13–15 H12–10. cause mild stomach upset if ingested; the
appearance. Prefers full light; any well- F. setispinus. See Thelocactus setispinus. sap may irritate skin or aggravate allergies.
drained soil is suitable. Water moderately Genus of annuals, evergreen subshrubs F. wislizenii (Fishhook cactus). Slow- F. benghalensis, illus. p.452.
from spring to fall, sparingly in winter. and (rarely) shrubs, grown for their daisy- growing, spherical, perennial cactus. F. benjamina (Weeping fig). Evergreen,
Propagate by offsets or division in spring. like, mainly blue flower heads. Requires H 6ft (2m), S 3ft (1m). Green stem, with up weeping tree, often with aerial roots.
F. andina. See F. bicolor. full sun and well-drained soil. Water to 25 ribs, is covered in flattened, fish-hook, H and S 60–70ft (18–20m). Has slender, oval
F. bicolor, syn. F. andina. Evergreen, container plants moderately when in usually reddish-brown spines, to 5cm (2in) leaves, 3–5in (7–13cm) long, in lustrous,
rosetted perennial forming congested full growth, less at other times; dislikes long. Funnel-shaped, orange or yellow rich green. Z10–11 H12–10. ‘Variegata’
hummocks. H to 18in (45cm), S to 24in wet conditions, particularly in low flowers, 6cm (21⁄2in) across, are produced illus. p.450.
(60cm). Has dense rosettes of linear, temperatures. Cut off dead flowering in late summer, on plants more than 10in F. deltoidea, illus. p.458.
tapered, arching, mid- to deep green stems and cut back straggly shoots (25cm) wide, which should attain this size F. elastica (India rubber fig). ‘Decora’ is
leaves. In summer produces a cluster of regularly. Propagate by seed in spring 10–15 years after raising from seed. a strong-growing, evergreen, irregularly
tubular, pale blue flowers, surrounded or by greenwood cuttings in summer Z13–15 H12–10. ovoid tree. H to 100ft (30m), S 50–70ft
by bright red bracts, at the heart of each or early fall. (15–20m). Has broadly oval, leathery,
mature rosette. Z10–13 H12–7. F. amelloides, syn. Aster capensis (Blue FERRARIA lustrous, deep green leaves, pinkish-bronze
daisy). Bushy sub-shrub, grown as an when young. Z11 H12–10. ‘Doescheri’,
x FATSHEDERA annual. H and S 12–24in (30–60cm). Bears IRIDACEAE illus. p.450. Leaves of ‘Variegata’ are
deep green leaves, to 11/4in (3cm) long, cream-edged, mottled with gray-green.
ARALIACEAE and light to deep blue flowers from Genus of spring-flowering corms, grown Z14–15 H12–10.
summer to fall. Z8–11 H12–8. ‘Santa for their curious flowers with 3 large, F. lyrata (Banjo fig). Evergreen, ovoid,
Hybrid genus (Fatsia japonica ‘Moseri’ x Anita’, illus. p.157. outer petals and 3 small, inner ones, with robust-stemmed tree. H 50ft (15m) or more,
Hedera helix ‘Hibernica’) of one evergreen, F. bergeriana (Kingfisher daisy). Fairly very wavy edges. Is unpleasant-smelling S to 30ft (10m). Fiddle-shaped leaves,
fall-flowering shrub, grown for its foliage. fast-growing, mat-forming annual. H and to attract flies, which pollinate flowers. 1ft (30cm) or more long, are lustrous,
Is good trained against a wall or pillar or, S 6in (15cm). Has lance-shaped, hairy, Requires full sun and well-drained soil. deep green. Z11–12 H12–7.
if supported by canes, cultivated as a house gray-green leaves. Small, daisy-like, blue Plant in fall, water during winter and dry F. macrophylla (Australian banyan,
plant. Prefers a sunny or shaded position flower heads, with yellow centers, open off after flowering. Dies down in summer. Moreton Bay fig). Evergreen, wide-
and fertile, well-drained soil. Propagate by only in sunshine in summer and early fall. Propagate by division in late summer or spreading, dense tree with a buttressed
semi-ripe cuttings in summer. Z11 H11–1. by seed in fall. trunk when mature. H 70–100ft (20–30m),
x F. lizei, (Aralia ivy, Botanical wonder) illus. F. crispa, syn. F. undulata, illus. p.407. S 100–130ft (30–40m). Oval leaves, to 8in
p.211. ‘Variegata’ is an evergreen, mound- FENESTRARIA F. undulata. See F. crispa. (20cm) long, are leathery, glossy, deep
forming, loose-branched shrub. H 5ft (1.5m) green. Z11–12 H12–7.
or more if trained as a climber, S 10ft (3m). AIZOACEAE FERULA F. pumila, syn. F. repens (Climbing fig,
Has rounded, deeply lobed, glossy, deep Creeping fig). Evergreen, root climber.
green leaves, narrowly edged with creamy- Genus of clump-forming, perennial Giant fennel H 25ft (8m), 5ft (1.5m) as a container plant.
white. From mid- to late fall bears sprays of succulents, grown for their basal rosettes UMBELLIFERAE/APIACEAE Bright green leaves are heart-shaped when
of fleshy leaves that have gray ‘windows’ young; 11/4–3in (3–8cm) long, leathery and
F small, white flowers. Z8–11 H12–8. in their flattened tips. Needs sun and very Genus of mainly summer-flowering oval when mature. Unpalatable fruits are
well-drained soil. Keep bone dry in winter. perennials, grown for their bold, 6cm (21⁄2in) long, orange at first, then
FATSIA Propagate by seed in spring or summer. architectural form. Should not be flushed red-purple. Only reaches adult
F. aurantica. See F. rhopalophylla subsp. confused with culinary fennel, stage in very warm regions or under
ARALIACEAE aurantiaca. Foeniculum. Needs sun and well-drained glass. Pinch out branch tips to encourage
F. rhopalophylla. Clump-forming, soil. Propagate by seed when fresh, in branching. Z9–11 H12–1. The young leaves
Genus of one species of evergreen, perennial succulent. H 2in (5cm), S 8in late summer. of ‘Minima’ are shorter and narrower.
fall-flowering shrub, grown for its (20cm). Forms open cushions of erect, F. communis, illus. p.219. F. religiosa (Bo tree, Peepul, Sacred fig).
foliage, flowers and fruits. Is excellent club-shaped, glossy, glaucous to mid-green Mainly evergreen, rounded to wide-
for conservatories. At limits of hardiness, leaves, each with a flattened tip. Bears FESTUCA spreading tree with prop roots from
provide shelter from strong winds. daisy-like, white flowers, on long stems, branches. H and S 70–100ft (20–30m).
Tolerates sun or shade and requires in late summer and fall. Z13–15 H12–10. Fescue Leaves, 4–6in (10–15cm) long, are broadly
fertile, well-drained soil. Propagate by subsp. aurantiaca, syn. F. aurantica illus. GRAMINEAE/POACEAE oval to almost triangular with long, thread-
semi-ripe cuttings in summer or by p.495. like tips, pink-flushed when expanding.
seed in fall or spring. See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES Z14–15 H12–10.
F. japonica, syn. Aralia japonica, Aralia FEROCACTUS and SEDGES. F. repens. See F. pumila.
sieboldii (Japanese fatsia). Evergreen, F. glauca, syn. F. ovina var. glauca (Gray F. rubiginosa (Port Jackson fig, Rusty-
rounded, dense shrub. H and S 10ft (3m). Barrel cactus fescue). Group of evergreen, tuft-forming, leaved fig). Evergreen, dense-headed tree
Has sturdy shoots and very large, rounded, perennial grasses. H and S 4in (10cm). with a buttressed trunk. H and S 70–100ft
deeply lobed, glossy, dark green leaves. CACTACEAE Bears narrow leaves in various shades (20–30m) or more. Elliptic, blunt-pointed
Dense clusters of tiny, white flowers, of blue-green to silvery-white. Produces leaves, to 4in (10cm) long, are glossy, dark
produced in mid-fall, are followed by Genus of slow-growing, spherical, unimportant panicles of spikelets in green above, usually with rust-colored
rounded, black fruits. Z8–10 H10–8. perennial cacti, becoming columnar after summer. Is good for bed edging. Divide down beneath. Z14–15 H12–10.
‘Variegata’ illus. p.144. many years. Needs full sun and very well- every 2–3 years in spring. Z4–8 H8–1.
F. papyrifera. See Tetrapanax papyrifer. drained soil. Propagate by seed in spring F. ovina var. glauca. See F. glauca. FILIPENDULA
or summer. Treat blackened areoles with
578 FAUCARIA systemic fungicide and ensure plants have Ficaria verna. See Ranunculus ficaria. ROSACEAE
good ventilation.
Tiger jaws F. acanthodes. See F. cylindraceus. FICUS Genus of spring- and summer-flowering
F. chrysacanthus. Slow-growing, perennials. Most grow in full sun or partial
AIZOACEAE spherical, perennial cactus. H 3ft (1m), Fig shade, in moist but well-drained, leafy soil;
S 2ft (60cm). Green stem, with 15–20 ribs, MORACEAE some species, e.g. F. rubra, will thrive in
Genus of clump-forming, stemless, is fairly densely covered with curved, boggy sites. F. vulgaris needs a drier site,
perennial succulents, grown for their semi- yellow-white spines. In summer bears Genus of evergreen or deciduous trees, in full sun. Propagate by seed in fall or by
cylindrical or 3-angled, fleshy, bright green funnel-shaped, yellow, rarely red, flowers, shrubs and scrambling or root climbers, division in fall or winter.
leaves and yellow flowers that open in late 2in (5cm) across, only on plants 10in (25cm) grown for their foliage and for shade; a few F. camtschatica, syn. F. kamtschatica.
afternoons in fall. Buds and dead flowers or more in diameter. Z12–15 H12–10. species also for fruit. All bear insignificant Clump-forming perennial. H to 5ft (1.5m),
may appear orange or red. Requires full sun F. cylindraceus, syn. F. acanthodes, illus. clusters of flowers in spring or summer. S 3ft (1m). In mid-summer produces frothy,
and well-drained soil. Keep dry in winter p.494. Prefers full light or partial shade and fertile, flat heads of scented, star-shaped, white
and water sparingly in spring. Propagate by F. hamatacanthus, syn. Hamatocactus well-drained soil. Water container or pale pink flowers above large, lance-
seed or stem cuttings in spring or summer. hamatacanthus, illus. p.486. specimens moderately, very little when shaped, divided and cut leaves. Z3–9 H9–1.
F. tigrina, illus. p.495. F. latispinus (Devil’s tongue). Slow- temperatures are low. Propagate by seed in
growing, flattened spherical, perennial
Feijoa. See Acca.

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F. hexapetala. See F. vulgaris.‘Flore flower heads after fading to prevent self- F. gardenii, illus. p.163. F. americana (White ash). Fast-growing, F
Pleno’. See F. vulgaris ‘Multiplex’. seeding. Propagate by seed in fall. F. major, syn. F. monticola, illus. p.117. deciduous, spreading tree. H 80ft (25m),
F. kamtschatica. See F. camtschatica. F. vulgare (Common fennel). Z6–9 H9–6. F. monticola. See F. major. S 50ft (15m). Leaves are dark green, with
F. purpurea, illus. p.238. ‘Purpureum’ is an erect, branching 5–9 oval to lance-shaped leaflets,
F. rubra, illus. p.438. perennial. H 6ft (2m), S 11/2ft (45cm). Has Fragaria indica. See Duchesnea indica. sometimes turning yellow or purple in
F. ulmaria, syn. Spiraea ulmaria, illus. very finely divided, hair-like, bronze leaves fall. Z6–9 H9–6.
p.436. ‘Aurea’, illus. p.274. and, in summer, large, flat umbels of small, FRAILEA F. angustifolia. subsp. oxycarpa, syn.
F. vulgaris, syn. F. hexapetala (Dropwort). yellow flowers. F. oxycarpa Deciduous, spreading tree.
‘Multiplex’, syn. F. hexapetala ‘Flore CACTACEAE H 80ft (25m ), S 40ft (12m). Leaves usually
Pleno’ is an upright, rosette-forming FONTINALIS consist of 9–11 slender, lance-shaped,
perennial with fleshy, swollen roots. H 3ft Genus of spherical to columnar, perennial glossy, dark green leaflets that turn
(1m), S 11/2ft (45cm). In summer produces Water moss cacti with tuberculate ribs. Bears short golden-yellow in fall. Z6–9 H9–6.
flat panicles of rounded, double, white spines, mostly bristly. In summer produces F. excelsior (European ash). Vigorous,
flowers, sometimes flushed pink, above SPHAGNACEAE/FONTINALACEAE masses of buds, most of which develop deciduous, spreading tree. H 100ft (30m),
fern-like, finely divided, toothed, hairless, into small, spherical, shiny pods without S 70ft (20m). Dark green leaves, with usually
dark green leaves. Z4–7 H8–1. Genus of evergreen, perennial, submerged opening. Needs partial shade and very 9–11 oval leaflets, sometimes become yellow
water plants, grown for their foliage, which well-drained soil. Is not well-adapted to in fall. Black leaf buds are conspicuous in
FIRMIANA provides dense cover for fish and a good long periods of drought. Propagate by seed winter. Z5–8 H8–5. f. diversifolia has
site for the deposit of spawn. Grows in in spring or summer. leaves that are simple or with only 3 leaflets.
STERCULIACEAE/MALVACEAE sun or partial shade in streams and other F. pulcherrima. See F. pygmaea. ‘Jaspidea’, illus. p.60. ‘Pendula’, illus.
running water; tolerates still water if F. pygmaea, syn. F. pulcherrima, illus. p.79. ‘Raywood’, illus. p.66.
Genus of mainly deciduous trees and cool, but then does not grow to full size. p.490. F. mariesii. See F. sieboldiana.
shrubs, grown for their foliage and to Propagate by division in spring. F. ornus, illus. p.71.
provide shade. Requires fertile, moist but F. antipyretica (Water moss, Willow FRANCOA F. oxycarpa (Narrow-leaved ash). See
well-drained soil and full light or partial moss). Evergreen, perennial, submerged F. angustifolia subsp. oxycarpa.
shade. Water container specimens freely water plant. H 1in (2.5cm), S indefinite. Bridal wreath F. pennsylvanica (Green ash, Red ash).
when in full growth, less in winter. Pruning Forms spreading colonies of moss-like, SAXIFRAGACEAE/FRANCOACEAE Fast-growing, deciduous, spreading tree.
is tolerated if necessary. Propagate by seed dark olive-green leaves. Z4–8. H and S 70ft (20m). Leaves of usually 7 or
when ripe or in spring. Genus of summer- and early fall-flowering 9 narrowly oval, dull green leaflets are
F. platanifolia. See F. simplex. FORSYTHIA perennials. Needs full sun and fertile, well- often velvety beneath, like the shoots, and
F. simplex, syn. F. platanifolia, Sterculia x drained soil. Propagate by seed or division turn yellow in fall. Z3–9 H9–4. ‘Patmore’
platanifolia, illus. p.451. OLEACEAE in spring. is disease-resistant, with long-lasting,
F. appendiculata. Clump-forming glossy leaves, but does not bear fruit.
FITTONIA Genus of deciduous, spring-flowering perennial. H 24in (60cm), S 18in (45cm). F. sieboldiana, syn. F. mariesii. Slow-
shrubs, grown for their usually profuse, Racemes of small, bell-shaped, pale pink growing, deciduous, compact-headed tree.
Nerve plant, Painted net leaf yellow flowers, which are produced before flowers, spotted with deep pink at base, are H 20ft (6m), S 15ft (5m). Leaves consist of
the leaves emerge. F. ‘Beatrix Farrand’ and borne on erect stems from summer to early 3–5 oval, dark green leaflets, each on a
ACANTHACEAE F. x intermedia ‘Lynwood Variety’ make fall, above oblong to oval, lobed, hairy, purple stalk. Produces clusters of small,
attractive, flowering hedges. Prefers full crinkled, dark green leaves. Z6–9 H9–6. fragrant, star-shaped, creamy-white flowers
Genus of evergreen, creeping perennials, sun and fertile, well-drained soil. Thin out F. sonchifolia. Clump-forming perennial. in early summer, followed by narrowly
grown mainly for their foliage. Is useful old shoots and trim hedges immediately H 30in (75cm), S 18in (45cm). Bears racemes oblong, purple fruits. Z7–10 H10–7.
as ground cover. Needs a fairly humid after flowering. Propagate by softwood of cup-shaped, red-marked, pink flowers F. velutina, illus. p.74.
atmosphere. Needs shade and well-drained cuttings in summer or by hardwood from summer to early fall. Lobed leaves
soil; keep well watered but avoid cuttings in fall or winter. each have a large, terminal lobe. Z7–9 FREESIA 579
waterlogging, especially in winter. If it F. ‘Flo Jar’. See F. x intermedia MINIGOLD. H9–7. Rogerson’s form, H 24in (60cm),
becomes too straggly, cut back in spring. F. x intermedia ‘Arnold Giant’ S 24in (60cm) or more, has lance-shaped, IRIDACEAE
Propagate in spring or summer, with extra Deciduous, bushy shrub. H 5ft (1.5m), lobed, dark green leaves and slender,
heat, by division or stem cuttings. S 8ft (2.5m). Has sturdy shoots and oblong, wandlike racemes of star-shaped, rich pink Genus of winter- and spring-flowering
F. albivenis Argyroneura Group, syn. sharply toothed, mid-green leaves. Large, and red flowers in summer. Is good for corms, grown for their usually fragrant,
F. argyroneura, F. verschaffeltii var. 4-lobed, deep yellow flowers are produced groundcover. funnel-shaped flowers, which are popular
argyroneura, illus. p.468. Verschaffeltii sparsely from early to mid-spring. Z6–9 for cutting. Requires full sun and well-
Group, syn. F. verschaffeltii (Painted net- H9–5. ‘Beatrix Farrand’, illus. p.127. FRANKLINIA drained soil. Plant in fall and water
leaf) is an evergreen, creeping perennial. ‘Karl Sax’, H 8ft (2.5m), is dense-growing, throughout winter. Support with twigs or
H to 6in (15cm), S indefinite. Produces with an abundance of flowers. Some leaves Franklin tree small canes. Dry off corms after flowering.
small, oval, red-veined, olive-green leaves. turn red or purple in fall. ‘Lynwood’, THEACEAE Plant specially prepared corms outdoors in
Flowers are best removed if they form. H 10ft (3m), is very free-flowering, vigorous spring for flowering in summer. Propagate
Z14–15 H11–1. and upright. MINIGOLD (‘Flo Jar’), H and Genus of one species of deciduous tree by offsets in fall or by seed in spring.
F. argyroneura. See F. albivenis S 6ft (2m), has oblong, mid-green leaves, or shrub, grown for its flowers and fall F. alba, syn. F. refracta var. alba. Late
Argyroneura Group. produces masses of small, yellow flowers. color. Requires full sun and moist but winter- and spring-flowering corm.
F. verschaffeltii. See F. albivenis ‘Spectabilis’, illus. p.127. ‘Spring Glory’, well-drained, neutral to acidic soil. H 8–12in (20–30cm), S 11/2 –21/2in (4–6cm).
Verschaffeltii Group. var. argyroneura. H 6ft (2m), S 5ft (1.5m), has clusters of large, Propagate by softwood cuttings in summer, Has narrowly sword-shaped, erect leaves in
See F. albivenis Argyroneura Group. 4-lobed, pale yellow flowers borne in mid- by seed in fall or by hardwood cuttings in a basal fan. Leafless stems bear loose spikes
spring and bright green leaves. early winter. of very fragrant, white flowers, sometimes
FITZROYA F. ovata (Early forsythia, Korean forsythia). F. alatamaha. Deciduous, upright tree with a yellow blotch on the lowest petal,
Deciduous, bushy shrub. H and S 5ft (1.5m). or shrub. H and S 15ft (5m) or more. Large, 2–3in (5–8cm) long. Z10–11 H12–6.
CUPRESSACEAE Bears broadly oval, toothed, dark green shallowly cup-shaped, white flowers, with F. alba of gardens. See F. caryophyllacea.
leaves. Produces small, 4-lobed, bright yellow stamens, are borne in late summer F. armstrongii. See F. corymbosa.
See also CONIFERS. yellow flowers in early spring. Z5–7 H7–5. and early fall. Oblong, glossy, bright green F. caryophyllacea, syn. F. alba of
F. cupressoides, syn. F. patagonica, illus. ‘Tetragold’ has larger flowers. Z4–7 H7–3. leaves turn red in fall. Z6–9 H9–6. gardens, F. lactea, F. xanthospila. Late
p.100. F. suspensa, illus. p.195. winter- and spring-flowering corm.
F. patagonica. See F. cupressoides. FRAXINUS H to 6in (15cm), S 11/2–21/2in (4–6cm). Has
FOTHERGILLA narrowly sword-shaped leaves growing at
FOENICULUM Ash an angle. Short, leafless stems bear spikes
HAMAMELIDACEAE OLEACEAE of white, narrowly tubular flowers, 11/4–2in
Fennel (3–5cm) long, with the lower 3 petals
Genus of deciduous, spring-flowering Genus of deciduous trees and shrubs, usually marked with yellow. Z11 H12–6.
UMBELLIFERAE/APIACEAE shrubs, grown for their fall color grown mainly for their foliage of paired F. corymbosa, syn. F. armstrongii. Late
and fragrant flowers, each with a dense, leaflets; flowers are usually insignificant. winter- and spring-flowering corm. H to
Genus of summer-flowering biennials bottlebrushlike cluster of stamens, which Requires sun and fertile, well-drained but 12in (30cm), S 11/2–21/2in (4–6cm). Has
and perennials, some of which are grown open before or as leaves emerge. Grows in not too dry soil. Propagate species by seed narrowly sword-shaped, erect, basal leaves.
for their umbels of yellow flowers. Is also sun or partial shade, but colors best in full in fall, selected forms by budding in
grown for its leaves, which are both sun. Requires moist, peaty, acidic soil.
decorative in borders and used for culinary Propagate by softwood cuttings in summer. summer. T Contact with lichens on the
flavoring. Needs an open, sunny position
and fertile, well-drained soil. Remove bark may aggravate skin allergies.

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FREMONTODENDRON

Flower stem bends horizontally near the FRITILLARIA pink flower, 11/2–2in (3.5–5cm) long, variegated red, gold and bronze leaves.
top and bears a spike of unscented, upright, conspicuously checkered and suffused Flowers have red tubes and sepals with
pink flowers, 11/4–11/2in (3–3.5cm) long, with Fritillary gray outside. Z7–9 H9–7. reddish-purple petals. Is suitable for a
yellow bases. Z10–11 H12–6. F. verticillata, illus. p.382. hanging basket or for training as a
F. ‘Golden Melody’. Winter- and LILIACEAE weeping standard. Z9–11 H12–9.
spring-flowering corm. H to 12in (30cm), FUCHSIA F. x bacillaris, syn. F. parviflora of
S 11/2–21/2in (4–6cm). Is similar to Genus of spring-flowering bulbs, grown gardens. Group of deciduous, lax shrubs.
F. corymbosa, but has larger, fragrant for their pendent, mainly bell-shaped ONAGRACEAE H and S 21/2ft (75cm). Small leaves are mid-
flowers, yellow throughout. Z10–11 H12–6. flowers on leafy stems. Protect smaller, to dark green. Bears minute, white, pink or
F. lactea. See F. caryophyllacea. 2–6in (5–15cm) high species in cold frames Genus of deciduous or evergreen shrubs crimson flowers (color varying according
F. laxa. See Anomatheca laxa. or cold greenhouses. Needs full sun or and trees, grown for their flowers, usually to sun), sometimes followed by glossy,
F. ‘Oberon’. Winter- and spring-flowering partial shade and well-drained soil that borne from early summer to early fall. If black fruits. Is suitable for a rock garden
corm. H to 16in (40cm), S 11/2–21/2in (4–6cm). dries out slightly in summer when bulbs temperature remains above 39°F (4°C), or hanging basket. Z9–11 H12–9.
Has narrowly sword-shaped, erect, basal are dormant but that does not become deciduous plants are evergreen, but F. ‘Ballet Girl’. Deciduous, upright shrub.
leaves and yellow flowers, 11/2–2in (4–5cm) sunbaked. Grow F. meleagris, which is temperatures above 90°F (32°C) should H 12–18in (30–45cm), S 18–30in (45–75cm).
long, light blood-red inside; the throats are good for naturalizing in grass, in moist be avoided. Prolonged low temperatures Produces large, double flowers with bright
lemon-yellow with small, red veins. Z10–11 soil. Propagate by offsets in summer or cause loss of top growth. If top growth cerise tubes and sepals, and white petals
H12–6. by seed in fall or winter. dies in winter, cut back to ground level with cerise veins at the base. Z9–11 H12–9.
F. refracta var. alba. See F. acmopetala, illus. p.406. in spring. Needs a sheltered, partially F. ‘Bicentennial’, illus. p.302. Deciduous,
F. caryophyllacea. F. bucharica. Spring-flowering bulb. shaded position, except where stated lax shrub. H 12–18in (30–45cm), S 18–24in
F. ‘Romany’. Winter- and spring-flowering H 4–14in (10–35cm), S 2in (5cm). Stems otherwise, and fertile, moist but well- (45–60cm). Bears medium, double flowers
corm. H to 12in (30cm), S 11/2–21/2in (4–6cm ). each bear scattered, lance-shaped, gray- drained soil. When grown as container with thin, white tubes, orange sepals and
Is similar to F. corymbosa, but has fragrant, green leaves and a raceme of up to 10 plants in a greenhouse, fuchsias also need double corollas with magenta centers
double, pale mauve flowers. Z10–11 H12–6. cup-shaped, green-tinged, white flowers, high-nitrogen feeds and, when flowering, surrounded by orange petals. Z9–11 H11–9.
F. ‘White Swan’. Winter- and spring- 5/8–3/4in (1.5–2cm) long. Z8–10 plenty of potash. Propagate by softwood F. boliviana. Fast-growing, deciduous,
flowering corm. H to 12in (30cm), F. camschatcensis, illus. p.403. cuttings in any season. upright shrub. H 10ft (3m), S 3ft (1m). Has
S 11/2–21/2in (4–6cm). Is similar to F. chitralensis. Spring- to early summer- large, soft, gray-green leaves with reddish
F. corymbosa but has very fragrant, white flowering bulb. H 20–32in (50–80cm), S 4in Tubular flowers are almost always midribs. Long-tubed, scarlet flowers,
flowers with cream throats. Z10–11 H12–6. (10cm). Has ovate, mid- to light green pendulous and often bicolored, with petals bunched at ends of branches, are followed
F. xanthospila. See F. caryophyllacea. leaves and open umbels of 4 or 5 pendent, of one hue, and a tube and 4 sepals of by edible, black fruits. Needs a large pot
conical, bright yellow flowers. Is similar to another. Leaves are oval and mid-green and plenty of space to grow well. Resents
Fremontia. See Fremontodendron. F. imperialis. Z6–8 H8–6. unless otherwise stated. Spherical to being pinched back. Is very susceptible to
F. cirrhosa, illus. p.406. cylindrical, usually blackish-purple fruits whitefly. Z13–15 H12–9. var. alba (syn.
FREMONTODENDRON F. crassifolia. Spring-flowering bulb. are edible, but mostly poor-flavored. F. boliviana var. luxurians ‘Alba’,
H 4–8in (10–20cm), S 2in (5cm). Has Upright types may be trained as compact F. corymbiflora ‘Alba’) has flowers with
SYN. FREMONTIA scattered, lance-shaped, gray leaves. bushes or standards or, with more white tubes and sepals and scarlet petals,
Flannel bush Stems each produce 1–3 bell-shaped, difficulty, as pyramids. Lax or trailing followed by green fruits. var. luxurians
green flowers, 3/4–1in (2–2.5cm) long and plants are good for hanging baskets, but ‘Alba’. See F. boliviana var. alba.
STERCULIACEAE/MALVACEAE checkered with brown. Z6–8 H6–8. may be trained on trellises; if they are used F. ‘Bon Accorde’. Vigorous, deciduous,
F. delphinensis. See F. tubiformis. for summer bedding, they require staking. upright shrub. H 5ft (1.5m), S 20in (50cm).
Genus of vigorous, evergreen or semi- F. imperialis, illus. p.383. ‘Lutea’ illus. Heights given in descriptions below are of Small, erect flowers have white tubes and
p.382. ‘Rubra Maximia’ is a very robust, plants grown in frost-free conditions. See sepals and pale purple petals. Z9–11 H12–9.
F evergreen shrubs, grown for their large, spring-flowering bulb. H to 5ft (1.5m), also feature panels, p.154 (hardy fuchsias) F. ‘Brookwood Belle’. Deciduous, lax,
very showy flowers. At the limits of S 9–12in (23–30cm). Leafy stems each bear and p.302 (tender fuchsias). bushy shrub with strong, short-jointed
hardiness, plant against a south- or west- lance-shaped, light green leaves in whorls F. ‘Alice Hoffman’. Deciduous, compact stems. H and S 18–24in (45–60cm). Medium,
facing wall. Needs full sun and light, not and a head of up to 5 widely bell-shaped, shrub. H and S 21/2ft (75cm). Has bronze double flowers have deep cerise tubes and
too rich, well-drained soil. In mild areas, red flowers, 2in (5cm) long, crowned by foliage and small, semi-double flowers with sepals, and white petals flushed pink and
may be grown as a spreading shrub, but small, leaf-like bracts. rose-red tubes and sepals and rose-veined, veined deep rose-pink. Z9–11 H12–9.
needs firm staking when young. Resents F. meleagris, illus. p.402. white petals. Z9–11 H12–9. F. ‘Brutus’. Vigorous, deciduous, upright
being transplanted. Propagate by semi-ripe F. michailovskyi. Spring-flowering bulb. F. ‘Annabel’ (illus. p.302). Deciduous, shrub. H 5ft (1.5m), S 3ft (1m). Single or semi-
cuttings in summer or by seed in fall or H 4–8in (10–20cm), S 2in (5cm). Has lance- upright shrub. H 3ft (1m), S 21/2ft (75cm). double flowers have crimson-red tubes and
spring. T Contact with the foliage and shaped, gray leaves scattered on stem. Produces large, double, pink-tinged, creamy- sepals and deep purple petals. Z9–11 H12–9.
shoots may irritate the skin. Bears 1–4 bell-shaped, purplish-brown white flowers amid pale green leaves. F. ‘Burning Bush’. See F. ‘Autumnale’.
F. ‘California Glory’, illus. p.206. flowers, 3/4–11/4in (2–3cm) long, with upper Makes an excellent standard. Z9–11 H11–9. F. California Dreamer Series.
F. californicum (California flannel bush). third of petals bright yellow. Z5–8 H8–5. F. ‘Applause’. Deciduous, lax, upright Deciduous, semi-trailing shrub. H and
Vigorous, evergreen or semi-evergreen, F. pallidiflora, illus. p.406. shrub. H 12–18in (30–40cm), S 18–24in S 18in (45cm). Produces very large, blowsy,
upright shrub. H 20ft (6m), S 12ft (4m) when F. persica, illus. p.382. ‘Adiyaman’ is a (45–60cm). Bears very large, double flowers fully double flowers. Is ideal in a large
grown against a wall. Large, saucer-shaped, spring-flowering bulb. H to 5ft (1.5m), S 4in with short, thick, pale carmine tubes, very container. Z9–11 H12–9. ‘Snowburner’
bright yellow flowers are borne amid dark (10cm). Has narrowly lance-shaped, gray broad, carmine sepals with a pale central (illus. p.302) has wavy, horizontal, red
green leaves, each with 3 rounded lobes, leaves along stem. Produces a spike of streak, and many, spreading, deep orange- sepals and ruffled, white petals delicately
from late spring to mid-fall. Z8–10 H10–8. 10–20 or more narrowly bell-shaped, deep red petals. Produces best color in shade. patterned with red veins. Z9–11 H11–9.
F. mexicanum (Mexican flannel bush). blackish-purple flowers, 5/8–3/4in (1.5–2cm) Needs staking as a bush, but will trail F. ‘Cascade’. Deciduous, trailing shrub.
Vigorous, evergreen or semi-evergreen, long. ‘Ivory Bells’ illus. p.382. with weights. Z9–11 H12–9. H 6ft (2m), S indefinite. Bears red-tinged,
upright shrub. H 20ft (6m), S 12ft (4m) when F. pontica, illus. p.406. F. arborea. See F. arborescens. white tubes and sepals and deep carmine
grown against a wall. Dark green leaves have F. pudica, illus. p.422. F. arborescens, syn. F. arborea (Lilac petals. Is excellent in a hanging basket.
5 deep, rounded lobes. Bears masses of large, F. pyrenaica, illus. p.403. fuchsia). Evergreen, upright tree. H 25ft Z9–11 H12–9.
saucer-shaped, deep golden-yellow flowers F. raddeana, illus. p.382. (8m), S 8ft (2.5m). Foliage is mid- to dark F. ‘Celia Smedley’ (illus. p.302). Vigorous,
from late spring to mid-fall. Z9–10 H10–9. F. recurva, illus. p.383. green. Erect heads of tiny, pale mauve deciduous, upright shrub. H 5ft (1.5m), S 3ft
F. ‘Pacific Sunset’. Upright, evergreen F. sewerzowii, syn. Korolkowia to pink flowers, borne year-round, are (1m). Large, single or semi-double flowers
shrub. H 15ft (5m), S 10–12ft (3–4m). sewerzowii. Spring-flowering bulb. followed by black fruits with gray-blue have greenish-white tubes, pale pinkish-
Rounded, strongly lobed leaves are H 6–10in (15–25cm), S 3–4in (8–10cm). bloom. May also be grown as a container white sepals and currant-red petals. Is best
dark green. In summer produces saucer- Stems bear scattered, broadly lance- plant. Z9–11 H12–9. when trained as a standard. Z9–11 H11–9.
shaped, bright yellow flowers, to 21/2in shaped leaves. Produces a spike of up to F. ‘Auntie Jinks’. Deciduous, trailing F. ‘Checkerboard’. Vigorous, deciduous,
(6cm) across, with long, slender-pointed 10 narrowly bell-shaped, green or metallic shrub. H 6–8in (15–20cm), S 8–16in upright shrub with strong stems. H 30–36in
lobes. Z9–10 H10–9. purplish-blue flowers, 1–11/2in (2.5–3.5cm) (20–40cm). Bears small, single flowers (75–90cm), S 18–30in (45–75cm). Produces
long, with flared mouths. Z6–8 H8–6. with pink-red tubes, cerise-margined, medium, single flowers with slightly
580 FRITHIA F. tubiformis, syn. F. delphinensis. white sepals and white-shaded, purple recurved, long red tubes, red sepals
Spring-flowering bulb. H 6–14in (15–35cm), petals. Z9–11 H12–9. turning white and white-based, dark red
AIZOACEAE S 2–3in (5–8cm). Stems bear scattered, F. ‘Autumnale’, syn. F. ‘Burning Bush’. petals. Z9–11 H12–9.
narrowly lance-shaped, gray leaves and Deciduous, lax shrub, grown mainly for
Genus of one species of rosette-forming, a solitary, broadly bell-shaped, purplish- its foliage. H 6ft (2m), S 20in (50cm). Bears
perennial succulent. Needs sun and well-
drained soil. Propagate by seed in spring
or summer.
F. pulchra, illus. p.485.

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F. ‘Cloverdale Pearl’. Deciduous, upright and are followed by edible but acidic, green F. ‘La Campanella’. Deciduous, trailing F. ‘Mrs. Lovell Swisher’ (illus. p.302). F
shrub. H 3ft (1m), S 21/2ft (75cm). Foliage is fruits. Tubers may be stored dry for winter. shrub. H 5ft (1.5m), S indefinite. Has small, Deciduous, upright shrub. H 18–24in
mid-green with crimson midribs. Flowers May also be propagated by division of semi-double flowers with white tubes, (45–60cm), S 12–24in (30–60cm). Produces 581
have pinkish-white tubes, pink-veined, white tubers in spring. Is highly susceptible to pink-flushed, white sepals and cerise- masses of small, single flowers with flesh-
petals and green-tipped, pink sepals. Is whitefly. H11–9. purple petals. Thrives in a hanging basket pink tubes, pinkish-white sepals and deep
readily trained as a standard. Z9–11 H12–9. F. ‘Garden News’. Deciduous, upright or trained against a trellis. Z9–11 H12–9. rose-pink petals. Z9–11 H11–9.
F. ‘Coquet Bell’. Vigorous, deciduous, shrub with strong stems. H and S 18–24in F. ‘Lady Thumb’, illus. p.152. F. ‘Mrs. Popple’ (illus. p.154). Vigorous,
upright shrub. H 5ft (1.5m), S 3ft (1m). Has (45–60cm). Medium, double flowers have F. ‘Lena’. Deciduous, lax shrub. H and deciduous, upright shrub. H 5ft (1.5m),
a profusion of single or semi-double short, thick, pink tubes, frost-pink sepals S 3ft (1m). Bears double flowers with pale S 21/2ft (75cm). Has flowers with red tubes,
flowers with pinkish-red tubes and sepals and magenta-rose petals becoming rose- pink sepals and tubes and pink-flushed, overhanging, red sepals and purple petals.
and red-veined, pale mauve petals. Z9–11 pink at the base. Z9–11 H12–9. purple petals. Makes a good standard. In a sheltered area may be grown as a
H12–9. F. ‘Genii’. Deciduous, erect shrub. H 5ft Z9–11 H12–9. hedge. Z9–11 H11–9.
F. ‘Coralle’, syn. F. ‘Koralle’ (illus. p.302). (1.5m), S 21/2ft (75cm). Has golden-green F. ‘Leonora’, illus. p.301. F. ‘Mrs. Rundle’. Vigorous, deciduous,
Deciduous, upright shrub. H and S 3ft (1m). foliage. Produces small flowers with cerise- F. ‘Love’s Reward’. Deciduous, upright, lax shrub. H and S 21/2ft (75cm). Produces
Foliage is velvety and deep green. Salmon- red tubes and sepals and reddish-purple short-jointed shrub. H and S 12–18in large flowers with long, pink tubes, green-
orange flowers, with long, narrow tubes petals. Makes a good standard. Z9–11 (30–45cm). Small to medium, single flowers tipped, pink sepals and vermilion petals. Is
and small sepals and petals, are bunched H12–9. have white to pale pink tubes and sepals good for training as a standard or growing
at branch ends. Is useful for summer F. ‘Golden Dawn’. Deciduous, upright and violet-blue petals. Z9–11 H12–9. in a large hanging basket. Z9–11 H12–9.
bedding and as a specimen plant. shrub. H 5ft (1.5m), S 21/2ft (75cm). Flowers F. ‘Lye’s Unique’ (illus. p.302). Vigorous, F. ‘Nancy Lou’. Vigorous, deciduous,
Prefers sun. H11–9. are salmon-pink. Is good for training as a deciduous, upright shrub. H 5ft (1.5m), upright shrub. H and S 3ft (1m). Large,
F. ‘Corallina’ (illus. p.154). Deciduous, standard. Z9–11 H12–9. S 3ft (1m). Has small flowers with long, double flowers have pink tubes, upright,
spreading shrub. H 16in (40cm), S 60in F. ‘Golden Marinka’ (illus. p.302). white tubes and sepals and orange-red green-tipped, pink sepals and bright white
(1.5m). Has burgundy-red stems and mid- Deciduous, trailing shrub. H 6ft (2m), petals. Is excellent for training as a large petals. Z9–11 H12–9.
green leaves flushed pink at the bases. S indefinite. Has red flowers and pyramid. Z9–11 H11–9. F. ‘Nellie Nuttall’ (illus. p.302). Vigorous,
Pendent, medium flowers have narrow, variegated golden-yellow leaves with F. ‘Madame Cornélissen’ (illus. p.154). deciduous, upright shrub. H 3ft (1m),
spreading, scarlet sepals and broader, red veins. Is excellent for a hanging Deciduous, arching shrub. H and S to 3ft S 21/2ft (75cm). Flowers, with rose-red tubes
shorter, purple petals tinted red at the basket. Z9–11 H11–9. (1m). Has long, white tubes and mauve- and sepals and white petals, are borne well
bases. Z9–11 H12–9. F. ‘Gruss aus dem Bodethal’. red sepals. Z9–11 H12–9. above foliage. Is especially suitable for
F. corymbiflora ‘Alba’. See F. boliviana Deciduous, upright shrub. H 3ft (1m), F. magellanica (illus. p.154). Deciduous, summer bedding; is also good as a
var. alba. S 21/2ft (75cm). Small, single or semi- upright shrub. H 10ft (3m), S 6ft (2m). Small standard. Z9–11 H11–9.
F. ‘Dancing Flame’. Deciduous, lax double, crimson flowers open almost flowers with red tubes, long, red sepals and F. ‘Other Fellow’. Deciduous, upright
shrub. H and S 18in (45cm). Strong stems black, becoming larger and paler with purple petals are followed by black fruits. shrub. H 5ft (1.5m), S 21/2ft (75cm). Has
bear small, oval, deep green leaves. Double, age. Z9–11 H12–9. Z6–9 H9–6. ‘Alba’ see F. magellanica var. small flowers with white tubes and sepals
purple and blue flowers have bright pink F. ‘Harry Gray’. Deciduous, lax shrub. molinae. var. gracilis (illus. p.154), H 32in and pink petals. Z9–11 H12–9.
sepals. Z9–11 H12–9. H 6ft (2m), S indefinite. Bears a profusion (80cm) S 1.2m (48in), is a compact, mound- F. ‘Pacquesa’. Vigorous, deciduous,
F. ‘Dark Eyes’. Deciduous, bushy, upright of double flowers with pale pink tubes, forming shrub with rich red stems and upright shrub. H 3ft (1m), S 21/2ft (75cm).
shrub. H 18–24in (45–60cm), S 24–30in green-tipped, white sepals and white to pendent, medium flowers with narrow, Has flowers with deep red tubes and sepals
(60–75cm). Bears medium, double flowers pale pink petals. Is excellent in a hanging slightly spreading, scarlet sepals and and red-veined, white petals. Is good for
that hold their shape for a long period. basket. Z9–11 H12–9. shorter, deep purple petals. var. molinae training as a standard. Z9–11 H12–9.
Tubes and upturned sepals are deep red, F. ‘Heidi Weiss’, syn. F. ‘White Ann’ of (syn. F. magellanica ‘Alba’) has very pale F. parviflora of gardens. See F. x bacillaris.
and petals deep violet-blue. Z9–11 H12–9. gardens, F. ‘White Heidi Ann’ of gardens. pink flowers. var. molinae ‘Enstone’ F. ‘Peppermint Stick’. Deciduous,
F. denticulata. Deciduous, straggling Deciduous, upright shrub. H 3ft (1m), has gold and green, variegated foliage. upright shrub. H and S 3ft (1m). Double,
shrub. H 12ft (4m), S indefinite. Leaves are S 21/2ft (75cm). Has double flowers with red var. molinae ‘Sharpitor’ produces carmine-red flowers have a central, white
glossy, dark green above and reddish- tubes and sepals and cerise-veined, white cream and pale green, variegated leaves. stripe and royal purple sepals. Z9–11 H12–9.
green beneath. Flowers have long, crimson petals. Is good for training as a standard. ‘Thompsonii’ (illus. p.154), H 5ft (1.5m), F. ‘Phyllis’. Deciduous, upright shrub.
tubes, green-tipped, pale pink sepals and Z9–11 H12–9. S 3ft (1m), has bright red sepals and purple H 6ft (2m), S 3ft (1m). Single to semi-double
vermilion petals. With good cultivation F. ‘Howlett’s Hardy’, (illus. p.154). petals, red-tinted at the bases. flowers, with rose-red tubes and sepals
under glass, flowers are borne in fall– Deciduous, mound-forming shrub. H 16in F. ‘Margaret Brown’. Deciduous, free- and crimson petals, are followed by masses
winter. Z9–11 H12–9. (40cm), S 24in (60cm). Dark red-purple flowering, upright shrub. H and S 2–3ft (60– of black fruits. In a sheltered area may be
F. ‘Display’. Deciduous, upright stems bear slightly bronzed, mid-green 90cm). Has strong stems and light green grown as a hedge. Z9–11 H12–9.
shrub. H 3ft (1m), S 21/2ft (75cm). Bears leaves. Throughout summer produces foliage, and bears small, single, 2-tone pink F. ‘Pink Fantasia’. Deciduous, stiff,
saucer-shaped flowers in shades of pink. numerous, pendent, medium flowers with flowers in summer. Z9–11 H12–9. upright shrub. H 12–18in (30–40cm),
Z9–11 H12–9. spreading to reflexed, scarlet sepals and F. ‘Marinka’. Deciduous, trailing shrub. S 18–24in (45–60cm). Bears single, upward-
F. ‘Dollar Princess’. See F. ‘Dollar bright purple petals veined red at the H 6ft (2m), S indefinite. Red flowers with looking flowers, in profusion, with white
Prinzessin’. bases. Z9–11 H12–9. darker petals that are folded at outer edges tubes and sepals blushed dark pink, and
F. ‘Dollar Prinzessin’, syn. F. ‘Dollar F. ‘Hula Girl’. Deciduous, trailing shrub. are produced amid dark green leaves with dark purple petals, veined pink, with white
Princess’, illus. p.302. Deciduous, upright H 6ft (2m), S indefinite. Bears large, double crimson midribs. Foliage becomes bases. Is excellent for a border or pot.
shrub. H 3ft (1m), S 21/2ft (75cm). Small, flowers with deep rose-pink tubes and discolored in full sun or cold winds. Is Z9–11 H12–9.
double flowers have cerise-red tubes and sepals and pink-flushed, white petals. excellent in a hanging basket. Z9–11 H12–9. F. ‘Pink Galore’ (illus. p.302). Deciduous,
sepals and purple petals. Z9–11 H11–9. Thrives in a large hanging basket or when F. ‘Micky Goult’. Vigorous, deciduous, trailing shrub. H 5ft (1.5m), S indefinite. Has
F. ‘Estelle Marie’. Deciduous, upright trained against a trellis. Z9–11 H12–9. upright shrub. H 3ft (1m), S 21/2ft (75cm). large, double, pale pink flowers. Thrives in
shrub. H 3ft (1m), S 20in (50cm). Flowers F. ‘Jack Shahan’, (illus. p.302). Vigorous, Small flowers, with white tubes, pink- a large hanging basket or when trained
with white tubes, green-tipped, white deciduous, trailing shrub. H 6ft (2m), tinged, white sepals and pale purple petals, against a trellis. Z9–11 H12–9.
sepals and mauve petals are borne above S indefinite. Has large, pale to deep pink are produced amid pale green foliage. F. procumbens (Trailing fuchsia).
foliage. Is excellent for summer bedding. flowers. Is excellent for a hanging basket Z9–11 H12–9. Deciduous, prostrate shrub. H 4in (10cm),
Z9–11 H12–9. or for training into a weeping standard or F. ‘Mieke Meursing’. Deciduous, upright S indefinite. Produces tiny, erect, petalless,
F. ‘Flash’. Fast-growing, deciduous, upright against a trellis. Z9–11 H11–9. shrub. H 3ft (1m), S 21/2ft (75cm). Single to yellow-tubed flowers with purple sepals
stiffly erect shrub. H 8ft (2.5m), S 20in F. ‘Joanna Lumley’ (illus. p.302). semi-double flowers have red tubes and and bright blue pollen. Has small, dark
(50cm). Produces small, red flowers Deciduous, semi-trailing shrub. H and sepals and pale pink petals with cerise green leaves and large, red fruits. Is
amid small leaves. Z9–11 H12–9. S 12–15in (30–38cm). Has large, double veins. Z9–11 H12–9. suitable for a rock garden as well as a
F. ‘Flirtation Waltz’. Vigorous, flowers with rather upright, blushed white F. Mojo Series. Deciduous, bushy, well- hanging basket. Encourage flowering by
deciduous, upright shrub. H 3ft (1m), sepals and lilac petals stained pink at the branched shrub. H 10–14in (25–35cm), root restriction or growing in poor, sandy
S 21/2ft (75cm). Produces large, double bases. Z9–11 H12–9. S 12–16in (30–40cm). Produces small, soil. Z9–11 H12–9.
flowers with petals in shades of pink, and F. ‘Joy Patmore’. Vigorous, deciduous, nodding or slightly outward-facing, F. ‘Red Spider’ (illus. p.302). Deciduous,
white tubes and sepals. Z9–11 H12–9. upright shrub. H 5ft (1.5m), S 3ft (1m). bicolored flowers from mid-spring to fall trailing shrub. H 5ft (1.5m), S indefinite.
F. fulgens, (illus. p.302). Deciduous, Flowers have white tubes, green-tipped, in a range of color combinations. Z9–11 Has long, red flowers with long, narrow,
upright shrub with tubers. H 6ft (2m), S 3ft white sepals and cerise petals with white H12–9. ‘Beebop’ (illus. p.302) has slightly spreading sepals and darker petals. Is best
(1m). Long-tubed, orange flowers hang in bases. Makes a good standard. Z9–11 H12–9. upturned, pale pink sepals and magenta in a large hanging basket or when trained
short clusters amid large, pale green leaves F. ‘Koralle’. See F. ‘Coralle’. petals, paler at the bases. against a trellis. Z9–11 H11–9.

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F. ‘Riccartonii’ (illus. p.154). Deciduous, sepals and red-veined, creamy-white FURCRAEA G
stiff, upright shrub. H 6ft (2m), S 5ft (1.5m). petals. Makes a good standard or hanging
Has small flowers with red tubes, broad, basket plant. Z9–11 H11–9. AGAVACEAE/ASPARAGACEAE GAGEA
overhanging, red sepals and purple petals. F. ‘Texas Longhorn’. Deciduous, lax
In a sheltered area may be grown as a shrub. H and S 21/2ft (75cm). Produces very Genus of perennial succulents, grown LILIACEAE
hedge. Many plants sold under name of large, double flowers with red tubes, long, for their dense clusters of sword-shaped,
F. ‘Riccartoni’ are lax hybrids of F. spreading, red sepals and cerise-veined, fleshy, toothed leaves in terminal or basal Genus of spring-flowering bulbs, grown
magellanica. Z9–11 H11–9. white petals. Grow as a standard or in a rosettes; rosettes die after flowering. for their clusters of funnel- or star-shaped,
F. ‘Rose Fantasia’. Deciduous, stiff, hanging basket. Z9–11 H12–9. Resembles Agave, but has short-tubed white or yellow flowers. Is suitable for
upright shrub. H 12–18in (30–40cm), F. ‘Thalia’ (illus. p.302). Deciduous, flowers. Requires full sun and well- rock gardens. Prefers full sun and well-
S 18–24in (45–60cm). Produces single, upright shrub. H and S 3ft (1m). Foliage is drained soil. Protect from winter wet. drained soil that does not become too
upward-looking flowers, in profusion, dark maroon and velvety. Long, slender Propagate by bulbils, borne on lower hot and dry. Dies down in summer.
with rose-pink tubes, dark rose-pink sepals flowers, with long, red tubes, small, red stems, when developed. Propagate by division in spring or fall
with green tips and red-purple petals, sepals and small, orange-red petals, are F. bedinghausii. See F. parmentieri. or by seed in fall.
veined rose-pink. Is excellent in a border bunched at ends of branches. Makes an F. foetida, syn. F. gigantea. Basal-rosetted, G. graeca, syn. Lloydia graeca. Spring-
or pot. Z9–11 H12–9. excellent specimen plant in summer perennial succulent. H 10ft (3m), S 15ft (5m). flowering bulb. H 2–4in (5–10cm), S 11/4–2in
F. ‘Rose of Castile’. Vigorous, deciduous, bedding schemes. Prefers a position in full Has broadly sword-shaped, fleshy, mid- (3–5cm). Threadlike, semierect leaves form
upright shrub. H 5ft (1.5m), S 3ft (1m). sun. Z9–11 H11–9. green leaves, to 8ft (2.5m) long, with edges at ground level and on wiry stems. Bears
Produces small flowers with white tubes, F. thymifolia. Deciduous, lax shrub. H and toothed only at the base. Flower stems, to up to 5 widely funnel-shaped, purple-
green-tipped, white sepals and purple- S 3ft (1m). Has pale green foliage and a few 25ft (8m), produce scented, bell-shaped, veined, white flowers, 1/2–3/4in (1–1.5cm)
flushed, pink petals. Makes a good minute, greenish-white flowers that age to green flowers, which are white within, long. Z7–9 H9–7.
standard. Z9–11 H12–9. purplish-pink. Bears black fruits on female in summer. Z10–15 H12–10. var. G. peduncularis. Spring-flowering bulb.
F. ‘Rough Silk’. Vigorous, deciduous, plants if pollen-bearing plants of this mediopicta. See F. foetida ‘Mediopicta’. H 2–6in (5–15cm), S 1–2in (2.5–5cm). Has
trailing shrub. H 6ft (2m), S indefinite. species or of F. x bacillaris are also grown. ‘Mediopicta’, (syn. F. foetida var. threadlike, semierect leaves at base and
Bears large flowers with pink tubes, long, Z9–11 H12–9. mediopicta, F. foetida ‘Variegata’) illus. on stem. Produces a loose head of flat,
spreading, pink sepals and wine-red petals. F. ‘Tom Thumb’ (illus. p.154). Deciduous, p.481. ‘Variegata’. See F. foetida star-shaped, yellow flowers, 5/8–11/4in
Thrives in a large hanging basket or when upright shrub. H and S 20in (50cm). Bears ‘Mediopicta’. (1.5–3cm) across, with green stripes
trained against a trellis. Z9–11 H12–9. small flowers with red tubes and sepals and F. gigantea. See F. foetida. outside. Z6–9 H9–6.
F. ‘Royal Velvet’. Vigorous, deciduous, mauve-purple petals. May be trained as a F. parmentieri, syn. F. bedinghausii.
upright shrub. H 5ft (1.5m), S 21/2ft (75cm). miniature standard. Z9–11 H11–9. Basal-rosetted, perennial succulent. H 24in GAILLARDIA
Has large, double flowers with red tubes F. ‘Tom West’. Deciduous, upright, lax (60cm), S 3ft (1m). Has sword-shaped,
and sepals and deep purple petals, shrub. H and S 12–24in (30–60cm). Has minutely toothed, glaucous, mid-green Blanket flower
splashed deep pink. Makes an excellent green and cream variegated foliage and leaves. In summer produces a pyramidal,
standard. Z9–11 H12–9. small, single flowers with red tubes and erect spike, to 6ft (2m) long, with drooping COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE
F. ‘Rufus’ (illus. p.154). Vigorous, sepals and purple petals. Z9–11 H12–9. branches and clusters of 2–4 creamy
deciduous, upright shrub. H 5ft (1.5m), F. triphylla. Deciduous, upright shrub, flowers, 11/4–11/2in (3–4cm), followed by Genus of summer-flowering annuals
S 21/2ft (75cm). Has a profusion of small, sometimes confused with F. ‘Thalia’. H and numerous bulbils. Often incorrectly and perennials that tend to be short-lived.
bright red flowers. Is easily trained as a S 20in (50cm). Spikes of narrow, long- labelled F. longaeva. Z10–12 H12–9. Requires sun and prefers well-drained
standard. Z9–11 H11–9. tubed, bright reddish-orange flowers, with soil. May need staking. Propagate species
F F. Shadowdancer Series. Deciduous, small petals and sepals, are borne above by seed in fall or spring, selected forms by
bushy, well-branched shrubs. H and dark bronze-green leaves that are purple root cuttings in winter.
582 S 8–12in (20–30cm). Produce small single beneath. Is very difficult to grow. Z9–11 G. aristata. Upright, rather open
flowers and bloom continuously from H12–9. ‘Firecracker’ (illus. p.302) has perennial. H 24in (60cm), S 20in (50cm).
spring to late summer or fall. Is ideal in a pink-veined, olive-green leaves edged in Has large, terminal, daisylike, single flower
small container or as edging. Z9–11 H12–9. cream and bears bright orange flowers. heads, yellow with red centers, in summer,
PEGGY (‘Goetzpeg’), (illus. p.302) has pale F. ‘Waveny Gem’. Deciduous, trailing and aromatic, divided leaves. Z3–8 H8–1.
pink sepals and rich pink petals tinted in shrub. H and S 12–18in (30–45cm). G. x grandiflora ‘Dazzler’ Upright,
vivid orange. Produces medium, single, white and rather open perennial. H 24in (60cm),
F. ‘Shelford’. Deciduous, upright, mauve-pink flowers from early summer. S 20in (50cm). Bears large, terminal,
short-jointed shrub. H 14–20in (35–50cm), Z9–11 H12–9. daisylike, yellow-tipped, red flower heads
S 18–24in (45–60cm). Bears masses of F. ‘White Ann’ of gardens. See F. ‘Heidi for a long period in summer. Leaves are
medium-sized, single flowers with slightly Weiss’. soft and divided. ‘Wirral Flame’ is a
fluted, baby-pink tubes, long, narrow, F. ‘White Heidi Ann’ of gardens. See clump-forming, short-lived perennial
baby-pink sepals and white petals with F. ‘Heidi Weiss’. with deep cardinal-red flower heads in
slight pink veining at the base. Is suitable F. ‘Whiteknights Pearl’. Deciduous, summer. Leaves are lance-shaped, lobed
for all forms of training. Z9–11 H12–9. upright shrub. H and S 3ft (1m) or more. In and soft green.
F. splendens. Deciduous, upright shrub. summer–fall freely produces small, single G. ‘Oranges and Lemons’, illus. p.277.
H 6ft (2m), S 3ft (1m). Small flowers, with flowers with long, thin, white tubes, pale G. pulchella (Blanket flower, Indian
broad, orange tubes, pinched in their pink sepals with small green tips and clear blanket). Moderately fast-growing, upright
middles, and short, green sepals and petals, pink corollas with rounded petals. Z9–11 annual or short-lived perennial. H 18in
are produced in spring amid pale green H12–9. (45cm), S 12in (30cm). Has lance-shaped,
foliage. Is extremely susceptible to whitefly. F. Windchimes Series. Deciduous, semi- hairy, grayish-green leaves and, in
Z9–11 H12–9. trailing, slightly mound-forming shrubs. summer, daisylike, double, crimson-zoned,
F. ‘Strawberry Delight’. Deciduous, H and S 18in (45cm). Produces single yellow, pink, or red flower heads. Z10–11
lax shrub. H and S 3ft (1m). Leaves are flowers continuously from spring to late H12–1. ‘Lollipops’, illus. p.327.
yellowish-green and slightly bronzed. summer or early fall. Is suitable for a
Produces large, double flowers with red hanging basket or at the edge of a large GALANTHUS
tubes and sepals and pink-flushed, white container, as well as in a border. Z9–11
petals. Is excellent as a standard or in a H12–9. WINDCHIMES PINK AND WHITE Snowdrop
hanging basket. Z9–11 H12–9. (‘Kiefuwind’), illus. p.302, has narrow,
F. ‘Sunray’ (illus. p.302). Deciduous, salmon-pink sepals and white petals. AMARYLLIDACEAE
upright shrub. H and S to 28in (70cm). F. ‘Winston Churchill’. Deciduous,
White-edged, light green leaves are bushy, upright, extremely free-flowering Genus of bulbs, grown for their pendent,
sometimes pink flushed. Red-violet flowers, shrub. H and S 18–30in (45–75cm). white flowers, one on each slender
with deep pink sepals, are borne freely in Produces medium, fully double flowers stem between 2 basal leaves. Is easily
summer–fall. Z9–11 H12–9. with green-tipped, pink tubes, broad, recognized by its 3 large, outer petals
F. ‘Swingtime’ (illus. p.302). Vigorous, reflexed sepals and lavender-blue corollas, and 3 small, inner ones forming a cup,
deciduous, lax shrub. H and S 3ft (1m). Has maturing purple. Is good for summer which is green-marked. Needs a cool,
large, double flowers with red tubes and bedding, or when trained as a standard in partially shaded position and rich,
a container. Z9–11 H12–9. moist soil. Do not allow bulbs to dry out
excessively. Propagate by division in

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spring after flowering or during late Prefers partial shade, but tolerates sun, G. bicolor var. bicolor, syn. axils in late spring or summer. Produces G
summer or fall when bulbs are dormant. and thrives in well-drained soil. Propagate G. caespitosa Fan-shaped, perennial rounded, blue-black fruits, but only rarely.
by division in early spring or fall. succulent. H 6in (15cm), S 12in (30cm). Z7–8 H8–7.
T All parts may cause mild stomach G. odoratum, syn. Asperula odorata, Produces triangular, thick, dark green G. procumbens, illus. p.373.
illus. p.263. leaves, 6in (15cm) long, with horny G. prostrata. See G. myrsinoides.
upset if ingested; contact with the bulbs borders. Upper leaf surfaces have G. pumila, syn. Pernettya pumila.
may irritate skin. GALTONIA numerous white or pale green dots, usually Evergreen, mat-forming, creeping shrub.
G. ‘Atkinsii’, illus. p.427. in diagonal rows. Bears spikes of bell- H 2in (5cm), S 12–24in (30–60cm). Prostrate
G. elwesii, illus. p.427. LILIACEAE/ASPARAGACEAE shaped, orange-green flowers in spring. branches bear tiny, bell-shaped, white
G. gracilis, syn. G. graecus, illus. p.427. var. liliputana, syn. G. liliputana, illus. flowers in early summer among tiny,
G. graecus. See G. gracilis. Genus of summer- and fall-flowering p.480. rounded, leathery leaves. Rounded fruits
G. ‘Hill Poë’, illus. p.427. bulbs, grown for their spikes of pendent, G. caespitosa. See G. bicolor var. bicolor. are pink or white. Is good for a rock
G. ikariae, illus. p.427. funnel-shaped, white or green flowers. G. carinata var. verrucosa, syn. garden or peat bed. Z7–8 H8–7.
G. nivalis. Late winter- and early spring- Needs a sheltered, sunny site and fertile, G. verrucosa, illus. p.480. G. shallon, illus. p.154.
flowering bulb. H 4–6in (10–15cm), S 2–3in well-drained soil that does not dry out in G. liliputana. See G. bicolor var. liliputana. G. tasmanica, syn. Pernettya tasmanica.
(5–8cm). Produces narrowly strap-shaped, summer. Dies down in winter. May be G. verrucosa. See G. carinata var. Evergreen, mat-forming shrub. H 2–3in
semierect, gray-green, basal leaves. lifted for replanting in spring. Propagate verrucosa. (5–8cm), S 8in (20cm). Has oval, toothed,
Flowers, 3/4–1in (2–2.5cm) long, have a by seed in spring or by offsets in fall leathery leaves with wavy edges. Bell-
green mark at the tip of each inner petal. or spring. x Gaulnettya ‘Pink Pixie’. See shaped, white flowers in early summer
Z3–8 H8–1. ‘Flore Pleno’, illus. p.427. G. candicans, illus. p.383. Gaultheria ‘Pink Pixie’. are followed by rounded, red fruits. Is
‘Lutescens’. See G. nivalis ‘Sandersii’. G. viridiflora, illus. p.393. x Gaulnettya ‘Wisley Pearl’. See good for a rock garden or peat bed.
‘Pusey Green Tip’, illus. p.427. Gaultheria ‘Wisley Pearl’. Z8–9 H9–8.
‘Sandersii’, syn. G. nivalis ‘Lutescens’, GARDENIA G. trichophylla. Evergreen, compact
illus. p.428. ‘Scharlockii’, illus. p.428. GAULTHERIA shrub with creeping, underground
‘Viridapicicis’ has a very long spathe, RUBIACEAE stems. H 3–6in (7–15cm), S 8in (20cm).
sometimes split in 2, and green marks ERICACEAE Bell-shaped, pink flowers in early summer
on the outer tepals. Genus of evergreen shrubs and trees, are followed by egg-shaped, blue fruits
G. plicatus subsp. byzantinus, illus. grown for their flowers and foliage. Genus of evergreen shrubs and subshrubs, produced from leaf axils. Leaves are
p.427. subsp. plicatus is a late winter- Prefers partial shade and rich, well- grown for their foliage, flowers and fruits. small and oval. Z6–8 H8–6.
and early spring-flowering bulb. H 4–8in drained, neutral to acidic soil. Water Prefers shade or semi-shade and requires G. x wisleyensis. Evergreen, dense,
(10–20cm), S 2–3in (5–8cm). Bears broadly container specimens freely when in moist, peaty, acidic soil. Tolerates sun bushy shrub. H and S 3ft (1m). Bears
strap-shaped, semierect, deep green, full growth, moderately at other times. provided the soil is permanently moist. broadly oval, deeply veined, dark
basal leaves that have gray bands along After flowering, shorten strong shoots Propagate by semiripe cuttings in summer green leaves. Small, urn-shaped, pale
the centers and reflexed margins. White to maintain a shapely habit. Propagate or by seed in fall; increase G. shallon and pink flowers, produced in late spring
flowers, 3/4–11/4in (2–3cm) long, have a by greenwood cuttings in spring or by G. trichophylla by division in fall or spring. and early summer, are followed by
green patch at the tip of each inner petal. semiripe cuttings in summer. Whitefly spherical, purplish-red fruits. Z7–9 H9–7.
G. rizehensis, illus. p.428. and mealy bug may cause problems. T All parts may cause mild stomach upset ‘Pink Pixie’, syn. x Gaulnettya ‘Pink Pixie’
G. woronowii, illus. p.428. G. augusta. See G. jasminoides. ‘Wisley Pearl’, syn. x Gaulnettya ‘Wisley
G. capensis. See Rothmannia capensis. if ingested, except the fruits, which are Pearl’, illus. p.145.
GALAX G. florida. See G. jasminoides. edible.
G. grandiflora. See G. jasminoides. G. cuneata, illus. p.346. GAURA
Wandflower G. jasminoides, syn. G. augusta, G. forrestii. Evergreen, rounded shrub.
G. florida, G. grandiflora. Z8–11 H12–7. H  and S 5ft (1.5m). Has oblong, glossy, ONAGRACEAE
DIAPENSIACEAE ‘Veitchii’, illus. p.454. dark green leaves and racemes of small,
G. rothmannia. See Rothmannia capensis. fragrant, rounded, white flowers, in Genus of summer-flowering annuals
Genus of one species of evergreen G. thunbergia. Evergreen, bushy shrub spring, followed by rounded, blue and perennials that are sometimes
perennial, grown for its foliage and with white stems. H and S to 6ft (2m) fruits. Z7–8 H8–7. short-lived. Prefers full sun and light,
flowers, borne in late spring and or more. Has elliptic, glossy, deep green G. miqueliana. Evergreen, compact well-drained soil. Propagate by softwood
summer. Is useful for underplanting leaves. Fragrant, 7–9-petaled, white shrub. H and S 10in (25cm). Has oval, or semiripe cuttings in summer or by
shrubs. Requires shade and moist, flowers, 21/2–4in (6–10cm) wide, are borne leathery leaves clothing stiff stems. In seed in fall or spring.
peaty, acidic soil. Propagate by division in winter–spring. Z8–11 H12–8. late spring produces bell-shaped, pink- G. lindheimeri, illus. p.231. Bushy
of rooted runners in spring. tinged, white flowers, up to 6 per stem, perennial. H 36in (90cm), S 24in (60cm).
G. aphylla. See G. urceolata. GARRYA followed by rounded, white or pink fruits. In summer produces racemes of star-
G. urceolata, syn. G. aphylla, illus. p.336. Z6–8 H8–6. shaped, pink-suffused, white flowers.
GARRYACEAE G. mucronata, syn. Pernettya mucronata. Leaves are lance-shaped and mid-green.
GALEGA Evergreen, bushy, dense shrub, spreading ‘Rosyjane’, illus. p.301.
Genus of evergreen shrubs and trees, by underground stems. H and S 4ft (1.2m).
Goat’s rue grown for their catkins in winter and Oval, prickly, glossy, dark green leaves set GAYLUSSACIA
spring, which are longer and more off tiny, urn-shaped, white flowers in late
LEGUMINOSAE/PAPILIONACEAE attractive on male plants. Hard frosts spring and early summer. Spherical, fleshy Huckleberry
may damage catkins. Requires a sheltered, fruit are produced and these vary in color
Genus of summer-flowering perennials. sunny site and tolerates any poor soil. Is between cultivars. Sprays of fruit are good ERICACEAE
Grow in an open, sunny position and suitable for a south- or west-facing wall. for indoor display. Z8–9 H9–8. Fruits of
well-drained soil. Requires staking. Dislikes being transplanted. Propagate ‘Cherry Ripe’ (female) are large and Genus of deciduous, occasionally
Propagate by seed in fall or by division by semiripe cuttings in summer. bright cherry-red. ‘Edward Balls’ (male) evergreen shrubs, grown for their flowers,
in winter. G. elliptica. Bushy, dense shrub. H and produces sturdy, upright, red shoots and fruits and fall color. Needs sun or partial
G. x hartlandii ‘Lady Wilson’, illus. S 12ft (4m). Has leathery, wavy-edged, sharply spined, bright green leaves. shade and moist, peaty, acidic soil.
p.218. dark green leaves. Gray-green catkins ‘Mulberry Wine’ (female), illus. p.164. Propagate by softwood cuttings in summer
G. ‘Her Majesty’. See G. ‘His Majesty’. are borne from mid-winter to early spring. ‘Wintertime’ (female), illus. p.163. or by seed in fall.
G. ‘His Majesty’, syn. G. ‘Her Majesty’. Z8–11 H11–8. ‘James Roof’, illus. p.211. G. myrsinoides, syn. G. prostrata, G. baccata. Deciduous, bushy shrub.
Vigorous, upright perennial. H to 5ft has very long, gray-green catkins with Pernettya prostrata. Evergreen, spreading H and S 3ft (1m). Oval, sticky, dark green
(1.5m), S 3ft (1m). In summer produces yellow anthers. shrub. H 6–12in (15–30cm), S 12in (30cm) leaves redden in fall. Produces clusters of
spikes of small, pealike, clear lilac-mauve or more. Bears oval, leathery, dark green small, urn-shaped, dull red flowers in late
and white flowers. Bold, oblong to lance- GASTERIA leaves. Urn-shaped, white flowers are spring, then edible, spherical, black fruits.
shaped leaves are divided into oval leaflets. produced in early summer and are Z3–7 H7–1.
Z5–11 H12–5. LILIACEAE/ASPHODELACEAE followed by large, rounded, blue-purple
G. orientalis, illus. p.239. fruits. Is suitable for a rock garden or GAZANIA 583
Genus of perennial succulents, grown for peat bed. Z7–8 H8–7.
GALIUM their thick, fleshy leaves, usually arranged G. nummularioides. Evergreen, compact COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE
in a fan, later becoming a tight rosette. shrub. H 4–6in (10–15cm), S 8in (20cm).
Bedstraw Needs sun or partial shade and very Leaves are oval to heart-shaped and Genus of evergreen perennials, often
well-drained soil. Propagate by seed, leaf leathery. Egg-shaped, pink-flushed, white grown as annuals and useful for summer
RUBIACEAE cuttings or division in spring or summer. flowers are produced from the upper leaf bedding, pots and tubs. Requires sun and

Genus of spring- and summer-flowering
perennials, many of which are weeds;
G. odoratum is cultivated as groundcover.

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sandy soil. Propagate by seed in spring or are silky-haired beneath. Bright yellow G. ‘Eugen’s Allerbester’, illus. p.370. 5in (12cm) or more. Has basal rosettes of
by heel cuttings in spring or summer. flowers on short stalks are borne in leaf Vigorous, evergreen, procumbent linear to lance-shaped, mid-green leaves.
G. Daybreak Series. Carpeting axils in summer. Is useful on a bank or perennial. H 2in (5cm), S to 8in (20cm) or In late summer and fall produces upright,
perennials, grown as annuals. H and as groundcover. Propagate by semiripe more. Has basal rosettes of linear, mid- trumpet-like, white flowers, suffused pale
S 8in (20cm). Have lance-shaped leaves cuttings in summer. Z9–11 H12–9. green leaves. In late summer and fall green on the outer surfaces. Requires
and, in summer, large, daisylike flower G. sagittalis, syn. Chamaespartium produces upright, trumpet-shaped, double, acidic soil. Z5–7 H7–5.
heads in a mixture of orange, yellow, pink, sagittale, illus. p.373. subsp. delphinensis. deep blue flowers, banded white on the G. ‘Strathmore’, illus. p.370. Evergreen,
bronze and white. Flowers remain open See G. delphinensis. outer surfaces. Requires acidic soil. Z5–7 procumbent perennial. H 2in (5cm), S to
in dull weather. Z8–10 H10–8. ‘Daybreak G. x spachiana, syn. G. fragrans, Cytisus H7–5. 5in (12cm) or more. Has basal rosettes of
Bright Yellow’, illus. p.323. canariensis, Cytisus racemosus. Vigorous, G. excisa. See G. acaulis. linear to lance-shaped, pale green leaves.
G. Kiss Series ‘Kiss Orange Flame’, evergreen, arching shrub. H and S 10ft G. gracilipes. Semievergreen, tufted In late summer and fall produces upright,
illus. p.324. (3m). Has dark green leaves with 3 oval perennial with arching stems. H 6in (15cm), trumpet-shaped, blue-mauve flowers,
G. pinnata. Mat-forming perennial. leaflets. Produces long, slender clusters of S 8in (20cm). Forms a central rosette of with vertical, greenish-white stripes on
H 6in (15cm), S 12in (30cm). Daisylike, fragrant, golden-yellow flowers in winter long, strap-shaped, dark green leaves from the outer surfaces. Requires acidic soil.
orange-red flower heads, with central, and early spring. Is often grown as a which lax flower stems bearing tubular, Z5–7 H7–5.
black rings, are borne singly in early houseplant. Z9–11 H12–9. dark purplish-blue flowers, greenish G. ‘Susan Jane’. Vigorous,
summer above oval, finely cut, hairy, G. tenera ‘Golden Shower’, illus. p.116. within, are produced in summer. Tolerates semievergreen, spreading perennial with
bluish-gray leaves. Z8–10 H10–8. G. tinctoria, illus. p.148. ‘Royal Gold’ some shade. Z6–8 H8–6. small, overwintering rosettes. H 2in (5cm),
G. rigens var. uniflora, syn. G. uniflora. is a deciduous, upright shrub. H and S 3ft G. ‘Inverleith’, illus. p.370. Vigorous, S 12in (30cm). Prostrate stems bear
Mat-forming perennial, grown as an (1m). Produces long, conical panicles of evergreen, procumbent perennial. grasslike leaves. Large, trumpet-shaped,
annual in all except mildest areas. H 9in golden-yellow flowers, in spring–summer, H 2in (5cm), S to 5in (12cm) or more. white-throated, deep blue flowers, greenish
(23cm), S 8–12in (20–30cm). Yellow or and narrowly lance-shaped, dark green Has basal rosettes of linear to lance- within, are produced in fall. Requires acidic
orange-yellow flower heads, sometimes leaves. Z4–8 H8–1. shaped, mid-green leaves. In late summer soil. Z5–7 H7–5.
with central white spots, are borne singly produces upright, trumpet-shaped, bright G. verna, illus. p.356.
in early summer above rosettes of narrow, GENTIANA blue flowers, banded green on the outer G. ‘Wellsii’. See G. x macaulayi
silver-backed leaves. Z8–10 H10–6. surfaces. Requires acidic soil. Z5–7 H7–5. ‘Wells’s Variety’.
G. Talent Series. Vigorous perennials. Gentian G. kochiana. See G. acaulis.
H and S to 10in (25cm). Have highly G. lutea, illus. p.243. GERANIUM
ornamental, mid-green leaves, to 6in GENTIANACEAE G. x macaulayi ‘Wells’s Variety’,
(15cm) long, gray-felted on both surfaces. syn. G. ‘Wellsii’, illus. p.370. Evergreen, Cranesbill
In summer produce solitary, yellow, Genus of annuals, biennials, and perennials, prostrate perennial. H  in flower 2in (5cm),
orange, pink or brown flower heads some of which are semievergreen or S 8in (20cm). Has trumpet-shaped, mid- GERANIACEAE
on short stems just above the leaves. evergreen, grown for their usually blue blue flowers in late summer and fall.
Z8–10 H10–8. flowers. Is excellent for rock gardens and Spreading stems are clothed in narrow, Genus of perennials, some of which are
G. uniflora. See G. rigens var. uniflora. peat beds. Prefers sun or partial shade mid-green leaves. Requires moist, acidic semievergreen, grown for their flowers and
and rich, moist but well-drained, neutral soil. Z5–7 H7–5. often as groundcover. Compact species are
GELSEMIUM to acidic soil. Some species grow naturally G. ornata. Semievergreen, clump- suitable for rock gardens. Most species
on limestone soils. Propagate by division or forming perennial with small, prefer sun, but some do better in shade.
ASTERACEAE/GELSEMIACEAE offshoots in spring or by seed in fall. Divide overwintering rosettes. H 2in (5cm), Tolerates all but waterlogged soils.
fall-flowering species and G. clusii every S 4in (10cm). Forms a central rosette Propagate species by semiripe cuttings in
G Genus of evergreen, twining climbers, 3 years in early spring and replant in fresh of grasslike leaves. In fall, each stem tip summer or by seed or division in fall or
soil. See also feature panel p.370. carries an upright, bell-shaped, mid-blue spring, cultivars by division or cuttings only.
grown for their fragrant, jasmine-like G. acaulis, syn. G. excisa, G. kochiana, flower, with a white throat and deep G. anemonifolium. See G. palmatum.
flowers. In cool climates, is best grown illus. p.370. Evergreen, clump-forming blue stripes shading to creamy-white G. ‘Ann Folkard’. Spreading perennial.
under glass. Needs full sun and fertile, perennial. H in leaf 3/4in (2cm ), S to 4in outside. Requires acidic soil and a moist H 20in (50cm), S 36in (1m). Has rounded,
well-drained soil. Water regularly, less (10cm) or more. Has narrowly oval, glossy atmosphere. Z5–7 H7–5. deeply cut, yellowish-green leaves and,
in cold weather. Support stems and thin leaves and trumpet-shaped, deep blue G. saxosa, illus. p.370. Evergreen, in summer–fall, masses of shallowly cup-
them out after flowering or during spring. flowers, with green-spotted throats, on hummock-forming perennial. H 2in (5cm), shaped, rich magenta flowers with black
Propagate by seed in spring or by semiripe short stems in spring and often in fall. S 6in (15cm). Is clothed in small, spoon- veins. Z5–9 H9–3.
cuttings in summer. Tolerates alkaline soil. Z5–8 H8–5. shaped, fleshy, dark green leaves. Produces G. armenum. See G. psilostemon.
G. sempervirens, (Carolina jasmine, G. angustifolia. Evergreen, clump- small, upturned, bell-shaped, white flowers G. cinereum (Grayleaf cranesbill).
Carolina sweet jessamine), illus. p.195. forming perennial. H 4in (10cm), in early summer. Is a short-lived scree Semievergreen, rosetted perennial with
S 8in (20cm). Has rosettes of oblong, dull plant. Tolerates alkaline soil. Z4–8 H8–1. spreading flowering stems. H 6in (15cm),
584 GENISTA green leaves and, in summer, solitary, G. scabra. Deciduous, upright perennial. S 12in (30cm). Has cup-shaped flowers,
tubular, sky-blue flowers on 3in (7cm) H 12in (30cm), S 8–12in (20–30cm). Has either white to pale pink, strongly veined
Broom stems. Tolerates alkaline soils. Z6–8 H8–6. long, ovate to lance-shaped, deep green with purple, or pure white, on lax stems in
G. asclepiadea, illus. p.250. leaves borne in opposite pairs on late spring and summer. Basal leaves are
LEGUMINOSAE/PAPILIONACEAE G. ‘Blue Silk’, illus. p.370. Evergreen, herbaceous stems. Narrowly bell-shaped, rounded, deeply divided, soft and gray-
procumbent perennial. H 2in (5cm), S to deep blue flowers are borne in terminal green. Is good for a large rock garden.
Genus of deciduous, sometimes almost 5in (12cm) or more. Has basal rosettes clusters and also in pairs in upper leaf axils Z5–9 H9–5. ‘Ballerina’, illus. p.366.
leafless, shrubs and trees, grown for their of lance-shaped, mid-green leaves. In in mid-fall. Requires acidic soil. Z4–8 H8–4. var. subcaulescens. See G.
mass of small, pealike flowers. Does best late summer and fall produces upright, G. septemfida, illus. p.346. subcaulescens.
in full sun and not over-rich, well-drained trumpet-shaped, deep blue flowers, G. ‘Shot Silk’, illus. p.370. Evergreen, G. clarkei ‘Kashmir Purple’, syn.
soil. Resents being transplanted. Propagate banded white and dark blue on the outer procumbent perennial. H 2in (5cm), G. pratense ‘Kashmir Purple’ Carpeting,
species by softwood or semiripe cuttings surfaces. Requires acidic soil. Z4–7 H7–4. S to 5in (12cm) or more. Has basal rhizomatous perennial. H and S 18–24in
in summer or by seed in fall, selected forms G. clusii. Evergreen, clump-forming rosettes of linear to lance-shaped, deep (45–60cm). Bears loose clusters of cup-
by softwood cuttings only in summer. perennial. H 2in (5cm), S 6–9in (15–23cm). green leaves. In late summer and fall shaped, deep purple flowers in summer.
G. aetnensis, illus. p.89. Has rosettes of oval, glossy, dark green produces upright, trumpet-shaped, Rounded leaves are deeply divided and
G. cinerea, illus. p.116. leaves. Trumpet-shaped, azure-blue silky, deep purple-blue flowers, banded finely veined. Z5–8 H8–5. ‘Kashmir
G. delphinensis, syn. G. sagittalis subsp. flowers, with green-spotted, paler throats, green and purple on the outer surfaces. White’, syn. G. pratense ‘Kashmir White’
delphinensis, Chamaespartium sagittale are borne on 1–4in (2.5–10cm) stems in Requires acidic soil. Z5–7 H7–5. illus. p.263.
subsp. delphinense. Deciduous, prostrate early summer. Tolerates alkaline soil. G. sino-ornata, illus. p.370. Evergreen, G. dalmaticum, illus. p.363.
shrub. H 1/2in (1cm), S 8in (20cm). Has Z7–9 H9–7. prostrate, spreading perennial. H in flower G. endressii. Semievergreen, compact,
tangled, winged branches, covered with G. ‘Ettrick’, illus. p.370. Evergreen, 2in (5cm), S to 12in (30cm). In fall bears carpeting perennial. H 18in (45cm),
minute, oval, dark green leaves. Masses of procumbent, perennial. H 2in (5cm), S to trumpet-shaped, rich blue flowers singly S 24in (60cm). Has small, lobed leaves
golden-yellow flowers are produced along 5in (12cm) or more. Has basal rosettes of at the ends of stems. Leaves are narrow. and cup-shaped, rose-pink flowers borne
stems in early summer. Is suitable for a linear to lance-shaped, mid-green leaves. Requires acidic soil. Z5–7 H7–5. throughout summer. Z5–8 H9–1.
rock garden or wall. Z5–8 H8–5. In late summer and fall produces upright, G. ‘Soutra’, illus. p.370. Evergreen, ‘Wargrave Pink’. See G. x oxonianum
G. fragrans. See G. x spachiana. trumpet-shaped, clear white flowers, procumbent, perennial. H 2in (5cm), S to ‘Wargrave Pink’.
G. hispanica, illus. p.160. flecked with blue spots on the inner G. farreri. Rosetted perennial with a
G. lydia, illus. p.345. surfaces. Requires acidic soil. Z5–7 H7–5. taproot. H 4in (10cm), S 4–6in (10–15cm)
G. pilosa. Deciduous, domed shrub.
H and S 12in (30cm). Narrowly oval leaves

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or more. Outward-facing, flattish, very double, deep violet flowers. Z5–7 H8–1. GEUM or more. Each branch bears 1 or 2 pairs G
pale mauve-pink flowers set off blue- Kashmir Purple’. See G. clarkei of thick, triangular, pale gray-green
black anthers in early summer. Has ‘Kashmir Purple’. ‘Kashmir White’. Avens leaves, 1/2in (1cm) long. Bears daisylike, 585
kidney-shaped, matt green leaves. Both See G. clarkei ‘Kashmir White’. pink-red flowers, 5/8in (1.5cm) across,
flower and leaf stems are red. Z4–7 H7–1. ‘Mrs. Kendall Clark’, illus. p.239. ROSACEAE in spring. Z12–15 H12–10.
G. grandiflorum. See G. himalayense. G. procurrens. Carpeting perennial. G. velutinum, illus. p.481.
G. himalayense, syn. G. grandiflorum, H 12in (30cm), S 24in (60cm). Has rounded, Genus of summer-flowering perennials.
G. meeboldii (Lilac geranium). Clump- lobed, glossy leaves and, in summer, Prefers sun and moist but well-drained GILIA
forming perennial. H 12in (30cm), S 24in clusters of saucer-shaped, deep rose- soil. Propagate by division or seed in fall.
(60cm). Has large, cup-shaped, violet-blue purple flowers. Z7–9 H9–1. G. ‘Bell Bank’, illus. p.268. POLEMONIACEAE
flowers borne on long stalks in summer G. psilostemon, syn. G. armenum, G. x borisii. See G. coccineum.
over dense tufts of neatly cut leaves. illus. p.233. G. chiloense, syn. G. coccineum. Clump- Genus of summer- and fall-flowering
Z4–7 H7–1. G. pylzowianum. Spreading perennial forming perennial. H 16–24in (40–60cm), annuals. Prefers sun and fertile, very
G. ibericum. Clump-forming perennial. with underground runners and tiny S 24in (60cm). Saucer-shaped, scarlet well-drained soil. Stems may need
H and S 24in (60cm). In summer produces tubers. H 5–10in (12–25cm), S 10in (25cm) flowers are produced from early to support, especially on windy sites.
sprays of 5-petaled, saucer-shaped, violet- or more. Bears semicircular, deeply cut, late summer. Pinnate leaves are Propagate by seed sown outdoors in
blue flowers. Has heart-shaped, lobed or dark green leaves and, in late spring and deeply lobed and toothed. Z5–9 H9–5. spring, or in early fall for early flowering
cut, hairy leaves. Z5–8 H8–5. summer, trumpet-shaped, green-centered, G. coccineum, syn. G. x borisii, illus. p.439. the following year.
G. incanum. Semievergreen, spreading, deep rose-pink flowers. May be invasive. G. coccineum of gardens. See G. G. achilleifolia. Fast-growing, upright,
mounded perennial. H 12–15in (30–38cm), Z5–8 H8–5. chiloense. bushy annual. H 24in (60cm), S 8in (20cm).
S 24–36in (60cm–90cm). Shallowly cup- G. renardii, illus. p.264. G. ‘Fire Opal’. Clump-forming perennial. Finely divided, mid-green leaves are hairy
shaped flowers are variable, but usually G. x riversleaianum ‘Russell Prichard’. H 32in (80cm), S 18in (45cm). Rounded, and sticky. Heads of funnel-shaped, blue
deep pink, and borne singly in summer Semievergreen, clump-forming perennial. double, bronze-scarlet flowers are borne flowers, 1in (2.5cm) wide, are produced
above aromatic, deeply divided, gray- H 1ft (30cm), S 3ft (1m). Saucer-shaped, in small clusters in summer above oblong in summer. H12–1.
green leaves with linear segments. clear pink flowers are borne singly or to lance-shaped, lobed, fresh green leaves. G. capitata, illus. p.314.
Z5–8 H8–5. in small clusters from early summer to fall. Z5–9 H9–5.
G. ‘Johnson’s Blue’, illus. p.270. Rounded leaves are lobed and gray-green. G. ‘Goldball’. See G. ‘Lady Stratheden’. GILLENIA
G. macrorrhizum, illus. p.269. Z6–8 H8–6. G. ‘Lady Stratheden’, syn. G. ‘Goldball’,
‘Ingwersen’s Variety’, illus. p.256. G. ROZANNE (‘Gerwat’), illus. p.271. illus. p.276. ROSACEAE
G. maculatum (Spotted geranium). G. sanguineum, illus. p.340. G. ‘Lionel Cox’. Clump-forming
Clump-forming perennial. H 30in (75cm), var. striatum, illus. p.362. perennial. H and S 12in (30cm). In early Genus of summer-flowering perennials.
S 18in (45cm). In spring bears heads G. stapfianum var. roseum. See summer produces small clusters of Grow in sun or shade and any well-
of flattish, pinkish-lilac flowers above G. orientalitibeticum. 5-petaled, cup-shaped, shrimp-red flowers drained soil. Needs staking. Propagate
rounded, lobed or scalloped, mid-green G. subcaulescens, syn. G. cinereum var. above oblong to lance-shaped, lobed, by seed in fall or spring.
leaves that turn fawn and red in fall. subcaulescens, illus. p.366. fresh green leaves. Z3–7 H7–1. G. trifoliata, (Bowman’s root, Indian
Z4–8 H8–1. G. sylvaticum ‘Mayflower’, illus. p.239. G. montanum. Dense, clump-forming, physic) illus. p.231.
G. maderense. Vigorous, semievergreen, G. traversii var. elegans. rhizomatous perennial that spreads
bushy perennial with a woody base. Semievergreen, rosetted perennial with slowly. H 4in (10cm), S 9in (23cm). GINKGO
H and S 3ft (1m). Produces large sprays spreading stems. H 4in (10cm), S 10in Shallowly cup-shaped, golden-yellow
of shallowly cup-shaped, deep magenta (25cm). Large, upward-facing, saucer- flowers in early summer are followed Maidenhair tree
flowers in summer above palmate, finely shaped, pale pink flowers, with darker by fluffy, buff-colored seed heads. Leaves GINKGOACEAE
cut, dark green leaves. Z8–9 H9–8. veins, rise above rounded, lobed, gray- are pinnate, each with a large, rounded,
G. x magnificum, illus. p.269. green leaves in summer. Is suitable for terminal lobe. Is suitable for a rock garden. See also CONIFERS.
G. meeboldii. See G. himalayense. a sheltered ledge or rock garden. Protect Z4–8 H8–1. G. biloba, illus. p.97.
G. nodosum. Clump-forming perennial. from winter wet. Requires gritty soil. G. ‘Mrs. J.Bradshaw’. Clump-forming
H and S 18in (45cm). Has lobed, glossy Z8–9 H9–8. ‘Buxton’s Blue’. See perennial. H 32in (80cm), S 18in (45cm). GLADIOLUS
leaves and delicate, cup-shaped, lilac or G. wallichianum ‘Buxton’s Variety’. Rounded, double, crimson flowers are
lilac-pink flowers borne in spring–summer. G. wallichianum ‘Buxton’s Variety’, borne in small sprays in summer. Fresh IRIDACEAE
Tolerates deep shade. Z4–8 H8–1. syn. G. wallichianum ‘Buxton’s Blue’. green leaves are oblong to lance-shaped
G. orientalitibeticum, syn. G. stapfianum Spreading perennial. H 12–18in (30–45cm), and lobed. Z5–9 H9–5. Genus of corms, each producing a spike
var. roseum, illus. p.339. S 36in (90cm). Has luxuriant, white-flecked of funnel-shaped flowers and a fan of
G. ‘Orion’, illus. p.280. leaves and large, white-centered, blue or GEVUINA erect, sword-shaped leaves on basal part
G. oxonianum ‘Claridge Druce’. blue-purple flowers from mid-summer to of flower stem. Is suitable for cutting or
Vigorous, semievergreen, carpeting fall. Prefers partial shade. Z4–8 H8–1. PROTEACEAE for planting in mixed borders; most
perennial. H and S 24–30in (60–75cm). G. wlassovianum. Clump-forming hybrids are also good for exhibition.
Bears clusters of cup-shaped, darker- perennial. H and S 24in (60cm). Has velvety Genus of evergreen trees, grown for Needs sun and fertile, well-drained soil.
veined, mauve-pink flowers throughout stems and rounded, lobed, dark green their foliage and flowers in summer. Plant 4–6in (10–15cm) deep and the same
summer. Has dainty, rounded, lobed leaves. leaves. Saucer-shaped, deep purple flowers Requires partial shade and fertile, moist distance apart in spring. Water well in
‘Wargrave Pink’, syn. G. endressii are borne singly or in small clusters in but well-drained soil. Propagate by summer and support tall cultivars with
‘Wargrave Pink’, illus. p.265. summer. Z4–8 H8–1. semiripe cuttings in late summer or canes. Lift half-hardy types in fall, cut off
‘Winscombe’, S 18in (45cm), has deep by seed in fall. stems and dry corms in a frost-free but
pink flowers that fade to pale pink. GERBERA G. avellana (Chile nut, Chilean hazel). cool place. Pot up spring-flowering
G. palmatum, syn. G. anemonifolium, Evergreen, conical tree. H and S 30ft species and cultivars in fall and place in
illus. p.238. Vigorous, semievergreen, COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE (10m). Has large, glossy, dark green a cool greenhouse; after flowering, dry
bushy perennial with a woody base. leaves divided into numerous oval, off corms during summer months and
H 18in (45cm), S 24in (60cm). Has palmate, Genus of perennials, flowering from toothed leaflets. Slender spires of repot in fall.
deeply lobed, dark green leaves and, in summer to winter depending on growing spidery, white flowers in late summer
late summer, large sprays of shallowly conditions. Needs full sun and light, are followed by cherry-like, red then Propagate by seed or by removal of
cup-shaped, purplish-red flowers. Z7–9 sandy soil. Propagate by heel cuttings black fruits. Z9–10 H10–9. young cormlets from parent. Seed sown
H9–7 from sideshoots in summer or by seed in early spring in a cool greenhouse will
G. phaeum, illus. p.223. in fall or early spring. GIBBAEUM take 2–3 years to flower and may not
G. pratense (Meadow cranesbill). Clump- G. ‘Amgerbpink’. See G. EVERLAST PINK. breed true to type. Cormlets, removed
forming perennial. H 30in (75cm), S 24in G. EVERLAST PINK (‘Amgerbpink’). AIZOACEAE after lifting, should be stored in frost-free
(60cm). Bears 5-petaled, saucer-shaped, Clump-forming perennial. H 14in (35cm), conditions and then be planted out 2in
violet-blue flowers on branching stems in S 12in (30cm). Has oval, irregularly lobed Genus of clump-forming, perennial (5cm) deep in spring; lift in winter as
summer. Rounded, lobed to deeply divided, leaves. Large, daisylike, soft pink flower succulents, grown for their pairs of small, for mature corms. They will flower in
mid-green leaves become bronze in fall. heads are borne on tall, slender stems swollen leaves, often of unequal size. 1–2 years.
Z4–8 H8–1. ‘Plenum Violaceum’ is in mid- and late summer. Z11 H12–5. Needs full sun and very well-drained
more compact than the species with G. jamesonii, (Barberton daisy, soil. Water very lightly in early winter. While in storage, corms may be attacked
Transvaal daisy) illus. p.306. Propagate by seed or stem cuttings in by various rots. Protect sound, healthy
spring or summer. corms by dusting with a fungicide or
G. petrense. Carpeting, perennial soaking in a fungicide solution before
succulent. H 11/2in (3cm), S 12in (30cm) drying; store in an airy, cool, frost-free
place. Gladiolus scab causes blotches
on leaves; gladiolus yellows shows as

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G yellowing stripes on leaves, which then up to 27 ruffled, pink-margined, white G. ‘Côte d’Azur’. Grandiflorus Group, gladiolus. H 5ft (1.5m), S 1ft (30cm). Has
die; in both cases, destroy affected corms. flowers in mid-summer. Is good for giant-flowered gladiolus. H 51/2ft (1.7m), spikes of up to 25 lime-green flowers, with
586 As a preventative measure, always plant exhibition. Z8–10 H9–1. S 6in (15cm). Bears spikes of up to 23 wine-red throats, in late summer. Is very
healthy corms in a new site each year. G. ‘Black Jack’. Grandiflorus Group, ruffled, mid-blue flowers, with pale blue good for exhibition. Z8–10 H10–8.
See also feature panel p.384. medium-flowered gladiolus. H 36in throats, in early summer. Is good for G. ‘Halley’. Nanus Group gladiolus.
(90cm), S 3in (8cm). Bears spikes of exhibition. Z8–10 H9–1. H 3ft (1m), S 3–4in (8–10cm). In early
Gladiolus hybrids black-edged, dark maroon flowers in G. dalenii, syn. G. natalensis, summer produces spikes of up to 7 white-
Most hybrids are derived from summer. Z8–10 H9–1. G. primulinus, G. psittacinus. Vigorous, flushed, pale yellow flowers, with bright
G. x hortulanus. All have stiff leaves, G. ‘Black Lash’. Grandiflorus Group, summer-flowering corm. H to 5ft (1.5m), red marks in throats. Z8–10 H9–1.
8–20in (20–50cm) long, ranging from small-flowered gladiolus. H 41/2ft (1.35m), S 4–6in (10–15cm). Produces up to 14 red, G. ‘Her Majesty’, illus. p.384.
pale willow-green or steely blue-green S 6–8in (15–20cm). Bears spikes of up to yellow-orange, yellow or greenish-yellow Grandiflorus Group, large-flowered
to almost bottle-green. All are good 25 lightly ruffled, deep black-rose flowers, flowers, 3–5in (8–12cm) long, each with a gladiolus. H 46in (115cm), S 6in (5cm).
for flower arranging. They are divided with pointed, slightly reflexed petals, hooded, upper petal and often flecked or Produces spikes of sky-blue flowers,
into Grandiflorus, Primulinus, and from late summer to early fall. Z8–10 H9–1. streaked red. Z8–10 H9–1. with much paler throats, in mid-summer.
Nanus Groups. G. blandus. See G. carneus. G. ‘Dancing Queen’. Grandiflorus Z8–10 H10–8.
G. ‘Blue Frost’, illus. p.384. Group, large-flowered gladiolus. H 5ft G. ‘Ice Cap’. Grandiflorus Group,
Grandiflorus Group Grandiflorus Group, large-flowered (1.5m), S 5–6in (12–15cm). In mid- to late large-flowered gladiolus. H 51/2ft (1.7m),
Produces long, densely packed spikes gladiolus. H 4ft (1.2m), S 6in (15cm). In summer produces spikes of up to 20 white S 10–12in (25–30cm). Produces spikes of
of funnel-shaped flowers, with ruffled, mid-summer produces spikes of white flowers, with feathered, dark red markings up to 27 heavily ruffled, ice-white flowers
thick-textured petals or plain-edged, flowers with ruffled, lilac edges and at the base of the lower petals. Z8–10 H9–1. from late summer to early fall. Z8–10 H9–1.
thin-textured ones. Giant-flowered hybrids darker purple eyes. Z8–10 H10–8. G. ‘Deliverance’. Grandiflorus Group, G. ‘Impressive’, illus. p.384. Nanus
have a bottom flower of over 51⁄2in (14cm) G. Butterfly Group. Small-flowered large-flowered gladiolus. H 51/2ft (.1.7m), Group gladiolus. H 28in (70cm), S 3in
across (flower head is 26–32in (65–80cm) gladiolus. H 32in (80cm), S 3in (8cm). S 5–6in (12–15cm). In mid- to late summer (8cm). Spikes of pale pink flowers, with
long); large-flowered 41⁄2–51⁄2in (11–14cm) From mid- to late summer produces produces spikes of 20 or more ruffled, hot pink markings, are borne in early
across (flower head 24–36in (60cm–1m) spikes of wavy, ruffled, bicolored flowers coral-pink flowers, deeper peach-pink summer. Z8–10 H10–8.
long); medium-flowered 31⁄2–41⁄2in (9–11cm) with petals that resemble the wings of a at the margins, with yellow-tinted, white G. ‘Inca Queen’. Grandiflorus Group,
across (flower head 24–32in (60–80cm) butterfly. They are produced in a range throats. Z8–10 H9–1. large-flowered gladiolus. H 5ft (1.5m),
long); small-flowered 21⁄2–31⁄2in (6–9cm) of colors, including red, orange, pink and G. ‘Drama’, illus. p.384. Grandiflorus S 8–10in (20–25cm). Bears spikes of up
across (flower head 20–28in (50–70cm) yellow, and have contrasting colors at the Group, large-flowered gladiolus. H 51/2ft to 25 heavily ruffled, waxy, deep salmon-
long); and miniature-flowered 11⁄2–21⁄2in throat. Z8–10 H9–1. (1.7m), S 10–12in (25–30cm). In late summer pink flowers, with lemon-yellow lip petals
(3.5–6cm) across (flower head 16–24in G. byzantinus. See G. communis subsp. produces spikes of up to 26 lightly ruffled, and throats, in late summer. Z8–10 H9–1.
(40–60cm) long). byzantinus. deep watermelon-pink flowers with red- G. italicus, syn. G. segetum. Early
G. callianthus. See G. murielae. marked, yellow throats. Is superb for summer-flowering corm. H to 3ft (1m),
Primulinus Group G. cardinalis. Summer-flowering corm. exhibition. Z8–10 H10–8. S 4–6in (10–15cm). Produces a loose
Has fairly loose spikes of plain-edged, H to 4ft (1.2m), S 4–6in (10–15cm). Arching G. ‘Dutch Mountain’. Grandiflorus spike of up to 20 pinkish-purple flowers,
funnel-shaped flowers, 21⁄2–3in (6–8cm) stem bears a spike of up to 12 widely Group, large-flowered gladiolus. 11/2–2in (4–5cm) long, and has a fan of
across, each with a strongly hooded, funnel-shaped, bright red flowers, 3in H 51⁄2ft (1.7m), S 6in (15cm). In mid- erect, sword-shaped leaves from the
upper petal over the stigma and anthers. (8cm) long, with spear-shaped, white summer produces spikes of up to 25 basal part of stem. Z8–10 H9–1.
Flower heads are 12in (30cm) long. marks on lower 3 petals. Z8–10 H9–1. slightly ruffled, white flowers with small G. ‘Little Darling’. Primulinus Group
G. carneus, syn. G. blandus. Spring- green marks in the throats. Is good for gladiolus. H 31/2ft (1.1m), S 3–4in (8–10cm).
Nanus Group flowering corm. H 8–16in (20–40cm), exhibition. Z8–10 H9–1. Bears spikes of up to 16 loosely spaced,
Produces 2 or 3 slender spikes, with loosely S 3–4in (8–10cm). Stem bears a loose G. ‘Esta Bonita’. Grandiflorus Group, salmon- to rose-pink flowers, with lemon
arranged flowers, 11⁄2–2in (4–5cm) across. spike of 3–12 widely funnel-shaped, white giant-flowered gladiolus. H 51/2ft (1.7m), lip petals, in mid-summer. Is good for
Flower heads are 9–14in (22–35cm) long. or pink flowers, 11/2–21/2in (4–6cm) long, S 1ft (30cm). Produces spikes of up to 24 exhibition. Z8–10 H9–1.
marked on lower petals with darker red apricot-orange flowers, slightly darker G. ‘Magistral’. Grandiflorus Group,
G. ‘Amanda Mahy’. Nanus Group or yellow blotches. Z8–10 H9–1. toward petal edges, in late summer. Is good large-flowered gladiolus. H 6ft (1.8m),
gladiolus. H 32in (80cm), S 3–4in (8–10cm). G. ‘Charmer’. Grandiflorus Group, for exhibition. Z8–10 H9–1. S 6in (15cm). Produces spikes of up to
Produces spikes of up to 7 salmon-pink large-flowered gladiolus. H 51/2ft (1.7m), G. ‘Firestorm’. Grandiflorus Group, 24 ruffled, oyster-white flowers, with
flowers, with lip petals flecked violet and S 6in (15cm). In early and mid-summer miniature-flowered gladiolus. H 31/2ft magenta lines, in mid-summer. Is good
white, in early summer. Z8–10 H9–1. produces spikes of up to 27 strongly (1.1m), S 3–4in (8–10cm). Spikes of for exhibition. Z8–10 H9–1.
G. ‘Amsterdam’. Grandiflorus Group, ruffled, almost translucent, light pink up to 22 loosely spaced, ruffled, vivid G. ‘Melodie’. Grandiflorus Group, small-
giant-flowered gladiolus. H 51/2ft (1.7m), flowers. Is good for exhibition. scarlet flowers, with yellowish-white flowered gladiolus. H 4ft (1.2m), S 6–8in
S 1ft (30cm). Spikes of up to 27 slightly Z8–10 H9–1. flecks on the outer tepals, are produced (15–20cm). Produces spikes of up to 17
upward-facing, finely ruffled, white flowers G. ‘Charming Lady’. Nanus Group in early summer. Is good for exhibition. salmon-rose flowers, with longitudinal,
are produced in late summer. Is good for gladiolus. H 28in (70cm), S 3in (8cm). Z8–10 H9–1. spearlike, red-orange marks in throats,
exhibition. Z8–10 H9–1. Produces spikes of pink flowers, with G. ‘Flevo Bambino’. Grandiflorus Group, in late summer. Z8–10 H9–1.
G. ‘Amy Beth’. Grandiflorus Group, pale lilac throats, from early to mid- medium-flowered gladiolus. H 2ft (60cm), G. ‘Mi Mi’. Grandiflorus Group, small-
small-flowered gladiolus. H 4ft (1.2m), summer. Z8–10 H9–1. S 3in (8cm). From late summer to early fall flowered gladiolus. H 41/2ft (1.3m), S 3–4in
S 8–10in (20–25cm). Produces spikes of G. ‘Christabel’. Spring-flowering corm produces spikes of pale yellow flowers with (8–10cm). In mid-summer bears spikes of
up to 22 heavily ruffled, lavender flowers, (a hybrid of G. tristis). H to 18in (45cm), purple throats. Z8–10 H9–1. up to 24 strongly ruffled, deep lavender-
with thick, waxy, cream-lipped petals, in S 3–4in (8–10cm). Loose spikes of up G. ‘Florence C’. Grandiflorus Group, pink flowers with white throats. Is good
late summer. Z8–10 H9–1. to 10 fragrant, widely funnel-shaped, large-flowered gladiolus. H 51/2ft (1.7m), for exhibition. Z8–10 H9–1.
G. ‘Anna Leorah’. Grandiflorus Group, primrose-yellow flowers, 21/2–3in S 6in (15cm). In late summer produces G. ‘Miss America’. Grandiflorus Group,
large-flowered gladiolus. H 51/2ft (1.6m), (6–8cm) across, with purple-brown- spikes of up to 26 strongly ruffled, white medium-flowered gladiolus. H 5ft (1.5m),
S 6in (15cm). In mid-summer bears spikes veined, upper petals, are produced in flowers. Z8–10 H9–1. S 1ft (30cm). In late summer produces
of up to 25 strongly ruffled, mid-pink spring. Z8–10 H9–1. G. ‘Georgette’. Grandiflorus Group, spikes of up to 24 deep pink flowers
flowers with large, white throats. Is G. ‘Columbine’, illus. p.384. Grandiflorus small-flowered gladiolus. H 4ft (1.2m), that are heavily ruffled. Is excellent
good for exhibition. Z8–10 H9–1. Group, small-flowered gladiolus. H 36in S 3–4in (8–10cm). Produces spikes of for exhibition. Z8–10 H9–1.
G. ‘Atlantis’. Grandiflorus Group, (90cm), S 3in (8cm). In early summer up to 22 slightly ruffled, yellow-suffused, G. ‘Morning Gold’, illus. p.384.
medium-flowered gladiolus. H 5ft (1.5m), produces spikes of light carmine-rose orange flowers, with large lemon-yellow Grandiflorus Group, large-flowered
S 8–10in (20–25cm). Produces spikes of flowers with creamy-white throats. throats, in mid-summer. Is good for gladiolus. H 39in (100cm), S 4in (10cm).
up to 20 lightly ruffled, deep violet-blue Z8–10 H10–8. exhibition. Z8–10 H9–1. Spikes of green-tinted, golden-yellow
flowers, with small, white throats, in G. x colvillii ‘The Bride’, illus. p.384. G. ‘Green Isle’. Grandiflorus Group, flowers are produced from mid-summer
late summer. Z8–10 H9–1. Nanus Group gladiolus. H 32in (80cm), medium-flowered gladiolus. H 41/2ft to early fall. Z8–10 H10–8.
G. ‘Beau Rivage’. Grandiflorus Group, S 3–4in (8–10cm). Produces spikes of (1.35m), S 8–10in (20–25cm). Spikes of up G. murielae, syn. G. callianthus,
large-flowered gladiolus. H to 4ft (1.2m), up to 7 white flowers, with green-marked to 22 slightly informal, lime-green flowers, Acidanthera bicolor var. murielae,
S 1ft (30cm). Spikes of up to 15 ruffled, throats, in early summer. Z8–10 H9–1. with chiseled ruffling, are produced in Acidanthera murielae, illus. p.383. Late
deep coral-pink flowers are produced G. communis subsp. byzantinus, syn. late summer. Z8–10 H9–1. summer-flowering corm. H to 3ft (1m),
in summer. Is good for exhibition. G. byzantinus, illus. p.410. G. ‘Green Woodpecker’, illus. p.384. S 4–6in (10–15cm). Has a loose spike of up
Z8–10 H9–1. Grandiflorus Group, medium-flowered
G. ‘Beauty of Holland’. Grandiflorus
Group, large-flowered gladiolus. H 51/2ft
(1.7m), S 6in (15cm). Produces spikes of

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to 10 fragrant flowers, each with a curved S 5–6in (12–15cm). In mid- to late summer of pure white flowers, with ruffled petals, GLAUCIDIUM
tube, 4in (10cm) long, and 6 white petals, produces spikes of 15–20 ruffled, deep are borne in mid-summer. Z8–10 H10–8.
with a deep purple blotch at each base. red flowers. Z8–10 H9–1. G. ‘Wine and Roses’, illus. p.384. GLAUCIDIACEAE/RANUNCULACEAE
G. natalensis. See G. dalenii. G. ‘Rose Supreme’. Grandiflorus Grandiflorus Group, large-flowered
G. ‘Nova Lux’, illus. p.384. Grandiflorus Group, giant-flowered gladiolus. H 51/2ft gladiolus. H 4ft (1.2m), S 6in (15cm). Genus of one species of spring-flowering
Group, giant-flowered gladiolus. H 39in (1.7m), S 10–12in (25–30cm). Spikes of up Spikes of soft pink flowers, with perennial. Is excellent in woodland
(100cm), S 6in (15cm). Spikes of clear to 24 rose-pink flowers, flecked and burgundy-red throats, are produced gardens. Needs a partially shaded,
yellow flowers are borne in mid-summer. streaked darker pink toward petal tips, and in mid-summer. Z8–10 H10–8. sheltered position and moist, peaty soil.
Z8–10 H10–8. with cream throats, are produced G. ‘Zephyr’. Grandiflorus Group, large- Propagate by seed in fall.
G. ‘Nymph’, illus. p.384. Nanus Group in late summer. Z8–10 H11–1. flowered gladiolus. H 51/2ft (1.7m), S 6in G. palmatum, illus. p.260.
gladiolus. H 28in (70cm), S 3in (8cm). In G. ‘Royal Dutch’. Grandiflorus Group, (5cm). In mid-summer has spikes of up
early summer produces spikes of creamy- large-flowered gladiolus. H 51/2ft (1.7m), to 26 light lavender-pink flowers with GLAUCIUM
white flowers, with teardrop-shaped, S 10–12in (25–30cm). Produces spikes of small, ivory throats. Is good for exhibition.
pink-edged markings on the lower petals. up to 27 flowers, pale lavender blending Z8–10 H9–1. Horned poppy
Z8–10 H10–8. into a white throat, from late summer
G. ‘Oscar’, illus. p.384. Grandiflorus to early fall. Is very good for exhibition. GLANDULARIA PAPAVERACEAE
Group, large-flowered gladiolus. H 39in Z8–10 H9–1.
(100cm), S 6in (15cm). Produces spikes G. ‘Sancerre’, illus. p.384. Grandiflorus VERBENACEAE Genus of annuals, biennials and
of velvety-red flowers in mid-summer. Group, large-flowered gladiolus. perennials, grown for their bright,
Z8–10 H10–8. H 4ft (1.2m), S 6in (15cm). Spikes of Genus of summer- and fall-flowering poppy-like flowers. Requires sun and
G. papilio, syn. G. purpureoauratus, pure white flowers are borne in mid- evergreen perennials, often treated as fertile, well-drained soil. Propagate
illus. p.395. summer. Z8–10 H10–8. annuals. Needs sun and well-drained soil. annuals by seed sown outdoors in spring,
G. ‘Parade’. Grandiflorus Group, G. segetum. See G. italicus. Propagate by stem cuttings in late summer perennials by seed sown outdoors in
giant-flowered gladiolus. H 51/2ft (1.7m), G. ‘Stardust’. Grandiflorus Group, and fall or by layering or seed in fall or spring or fall, biennials by seed sown
S 10–14in (25–35cm). Produces spikes miniature-flowered gladiolus. H 4ft (1.2m), spring. under glass in late spring or early
of up to 27 finely ruffled, salmon-pink S 3–4in (8–10cm). Has spikes of up to 21 G. ‘Balazdapima’. See G. x hybrida AZTEC
flowers, with small, cream throats, ruffled, pale yellow flowers, with lighter DARK PINK MAGIC. summer. T Roots are toxic if ingested.
in early fall. Is superb for exhibition. yellow throats, in mid-summer. Is good for G. ‘Balazsilma’. See G. x hybrida AZTEC
Z8–10 H9–1. exhibition. Z8–10 H9–1. SILVER MAGIC. G. flavum, illus. p.320.
G. ‘Passos’. Grandiflorous Group, large- G. ‘Stella’, illus. p.384. Grandiflorus G. x hybrida, syn. Verbena x hortensis,
flowered gladiolus. H 4ft (1.2m), S 6in (15cm). Group, medium-flowered gladiolus. Verbena x hybrida. AZTEC DARK PINK GLECHOMA
Spikes of purple-flecked, pale lilac to white H 24in (60cm), S 3in (8cm). Spikes of MAGIC (‘Balazdapima’), illus. p.303.
flowers, with dark purple throats, are yellow flowers, with a star-shaped, dark AZTEC SILVER MAGIC (‘Balazsilma’), illus. LABIATAE/LAMIACEAE
produced in mid-summer. Z8–10 H9–1. red mark at the throat, are produced p.312. Corsage Series ‘Corsage Red’,
G. ‘Peace’. Grandiflorus Group, in mid-summer. Z8–10 H10–8. illus. p.307. Derby Series are erect, bushy Genus of evergreen, summer-flowering
giant-flowered gladiolus. H 51/2ft G. ‘Tendresse’. Grandiflorus Group, perennials, grown as annuals. H 10in perennials. Makes good groundcover,
(1.7m), S 6in (15cm). Bears spikes of up medium-flowered gladiolus. H 5ft (1.5m), (25cm), S 12in (30cm). Have oval, serrated, but may be invasive. Tolerates sun or
to 26 strongly ruffled, cream flowers, S 8–10in (20–25cm). In late summer has mid- to deep green leaves. Clusters of shade. Prefers moist but well-drained soil.
with pale lemon throats and pale pink spikes of up to 28 slightly ruffled, dark small, tubular, lobed flowers, in a wide Propagate by division in spring or fall or
margins, in mid-summer. Is good for pink flowers, with small, cream throats color range, including red, pink, blue, by softwood cuttings in spring.
exhibition. Z8–10 H9–1. marked with longitudinal, faint rose-pink mauve and white, are borne in summer G. hederacea ‘Variegata’, illus. p.277.
G. ‘Peter Pears’, illus. p.384. “spears.” Z8–10 H9–1. and early fall. Z9–15 H12–1. Cultivars of
Grandiflorus Group, large-flowered G. ‘Tesoro’. Grandiflorus Group, Novalis Series are erect and bushy, with GLEDITSIA G
gladiolus. H 51/2ft (1.7m), S 14in (35cm). medium-flowered gladiolus. H 5ft (1.5m), flowers in rose-pink, deep blue, pinkish-red
In late summer has spikes of up to S 8–10in (20–25cm). Bears spikes of up to and scarlet, as well as single colors of Honeylocust
26 apricot-salmon flowers with red 26 silky flowers, slightly ruffled and bright scarlet, white, or rose-pink.
throat marks. Is excellent for exhibition. glistening yellow, in early fall. Is among ‘Peaches and Cream’ is spreading and LEGUMINOSAE/CAESALPINIACEAE
Z8–10 H10–8. the top exhibition gladioli. Z8–10 H9–1. branching, and produces pastel orange-
G. ‘Pink Flare’. Grandiflorus Group, G. ‘The Bride’. See G. colvillii ‘The Bride’. pink flowers, maturing to apricot-yellow, Genus of deciduous, usually spiny trees,
small-flowered gladiolus. H 41/2ft (1.3m), G. ‘Trader Horn’. Grandiflorus Group, and eventually creamy-yellow. Cultivars of grown for their foliage. Has inconspicuous
S 3–4in (8–10cm). Spikes of up to 25 ruffled, large-flowered gladiolus. H 4ft (1.2m), ‘Quartz Mix’ are compact and bushy with flowers, often followed by large seed
mid-pink flowers, each with a small, white S 6in (15cm). Tall spikes of scarlet flowers, lance-shaped leaves and rounded heads of pods after hot summers. Young plants
throat, are produced in mid-summer. Is with a white mark on throat, are produced pink, red, maroon, or purple flowers with may suffer frost damage. Requires
good for exhibition. Z8–10 H9–1. in mid-summer. Z8–10 H9–1. white “eyes.” Romance Series cultivars plenty of sun and fertile, well-drained
G. ‘Pink Lady’. Grandiflorus Group, G. ‘Vaucluse’. Grandiflorus Group, are erect and bushy, and have flowers in soil. Propagate species by seed in fall,
large-flowered gladiolus. H 5ft (1.5m), giant-flowered gladiolus. H 6ft (1.9m), deep wine-red, intense scarlet, carmine- selected forms by budding in late
S 10–12in (25–30cm). Has spikes of up S 6in (15cm). In late summer bears spikes rose-red and blue-purple, as well as single summer.
to 25 lightly ruffled, deep rose-pink of up to 27 slightly ruffled, vermilion-red colors of white, bright scarlet, dark rose G. caspica (Caspianlocust). Deciduous,
flowers, with large, white throats, in flowers with small, creamy-white throats. or lavender-pink. spreading tree. H 40ft (12m), S 30ft (10m).
late summer and early fall. Z8–10 H9–1. Is good for exhibition. Z8–10 H9–1. G. x maonettii, syn. Verbena alpina, Trunk is armed with long, branched spines.
G. primulinus. See G. dalenii. G. ‘Velvet Eyes’, illus. p.384. Grandiflorus Verbena tenera. Spreading perennial Has fernlike, glossy, mid-green leaves.
G. psittacinus. See G. dalenii. Group, large-flowered gladiolus. H 4ft with a slightly woody base. H 3in (8cm), Z7–10 H10–7.
G. ‘Pulchritude’. Grandiflorus Group, (1.2m), S 6in (15cm). Produces spikes of dark S 6in (15cm). Half-hardy. Has oblong to oval G. japonica, illus. p.75.
medium-flowered gladiolus. H 41/2ft bluish-purple flowers, with reddish-purple leaves, deeply cut into linear, toothed, mid- G. triacanthos (Honeylocust).
(1.3m), S 5in (12cm). Produces spikes throats, in mid-summer. Z8–10 H10–8. green segments and, in summer, terminal Deciduous, spreading tree. H 70ft (20m),
of up to 27 ruffled, light lavender-pink G. ‘Victor Borge’. Grandiflorus Group, clusters of small, tubular, reddish-violet S 50ft (15m). Trunk is very thorny.
flowers, deepening at the petal margins, large-flowered gladiolus. H 51/2ft (1.7m), flowers, with white-edged lobes. Z7–9 H9–6. Fernlike, glossy, dark green leaves turn
and with a magenta-red mark on each S 14in (35cm). Spikes of up to 22 vermilion- G. peruviana, syn. Verbena yellow in fall. Z3–7 H7–1. f. inermis
lip petal, in mid-summer. Is good for orange flowers, with pale cream throat chamaedrifolia, Verbena chamaedrioides. (Thornless honey locust) is thornless.
exhibition. Z8–10 H9–1. marks, are produced in late summer. Semievergreen, prostrate perennial. H to ‘Shademaster’ is vigorous, with long-
G. ‘Purple Flora’, illus. p.384. Z8–10 H9–1. 3in (8cm), S 3ft (1m). Heads of small, lasting leaves. ‘Skyline’ is thornless,
Grandiflorus Group, large-flowered G. ‘White Ice’, illus. p.384. Grandiflorus tubular, brilliant scarlet flowers, with broadly conical and has golden-yellow
gladiolus. H 39in (100cm), S 6in (15cm). Group, medium-flowered gladiolus. H 5ft spreading petal lobes, are produced from foliage in fall. ‘Sunburst’, illus. p.72.
Produces spikes of rich deep purple (1.5m), S 5in (12cm). Produces spikes of up early summer to early fall. Oval, toothed
flowers, with paler lilac markings, in to 25 ruffled, white flowers in late summer. leaves are mid-green. Prefers to grow in GLOBBA 587
mid-summer. Z8–10 H10–8. Is good for exhibition. Z8–10 H10–8. dry soil that is not too rich. Z9–11 H12–9.
G. purpureoauratus. See G. papilio. G. ‘White Prosperity’, illus. p.384. G. ‘Sissinghurst’, syn. Verbena ZINGIBERACEAE
G. ‘Renegade’. Grandiflorus Group, Grandiflorus Group, large-flowered ‘Sissinghurst’, illus. p.268.
large-flowered gladiolus. H 5ft (1.5m), gladiolus. H 4ft (1.2m), S 6in (15cm). Spikes Genus of evergreen or herbaceous,
Glandulicactus uncinatus. See clump-forming perennials, grown for
Sclerocactus uncinatus. their flowers. Needs partial shade, high
humidity and rich, well-drained soil.
Keep plants dry when dormant in winter.
Propagate by division or seed in spring
or by mature bulbils that fall off plants.
See also feature panel p.477.
G. platystachya. Herbaceous, clump-
forming perennial. H and S 3ft (1m).

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Has lance-shaped, silver-patterned, GLOXINIA Propagate by seed or softwood cuttings in GRASSES, BAMBOOS,
mid-green leaves, to 12in (30cm) long. RUSHES AND SEDGES
Pendent racemes of small, tubular, golden- GESNERIACEAE spring. T Some species exude a milky sap,
yellow flowers are borne at the shoot Group of evergreen or herbaceous,
tips along with bulbils in late summer. Genus of late summer- to fall-flowering, which may aggravate skin allergies. perennial and annual grasses or grasslike
Z13–15 H12–8. rhizomatous perennials. Needs partial G. physocarpus, syn. Asclepias plants belonging to the Gramineae
G. winitii, illus. p.477. Evergreen, shade and rich, well-drained soil. Dies physocarpa. Deciduous, erect, hairy (including Bambusoideae), Juncaceae
clump-forming perennial. H 3ft (1m), down in late fall or winter; then keep subshrub. H to 6ft (2m), S to 2ft (60cm). and Cyperaceae families. They are grown
S 1ft (30cm). Has lance-shaped leaves, rhizomes nearly dry. Propagate by Has lance-shaped leaves, 10cm (4in) long, mainly as foliage plants, adding grace
to 8in (20cm) long. Intermittently division or seed in spring or by stem and umbels of 5-horned, creamy-white and contrast to borders and rock gardens,
produces pendent racemes of tubular, or leaf cuttings in summer. flowers in summer, followed by large, although several grasses have attractive
yellow flowers with large, reddish-purple, G. perennis. Late summer- to fall- inflated, globose seed pods with soft flower heads in summer that may be dried
reflexed bracts. H11–8. flowering rhizome. H to 24in (60cm), bristles. Z12–15 H12–10. for winter decoration. Dead foliage may
S 12–14in (30–35cm). Has heart-shaped, be cut back on herbaceous perennials
GLOBULARIA toothed, hairy leaves on spotted stems GOMPHRENA when dormant. Propagate species by seed
and bell-shaped, lavender-blue flowers, in spring or fall or by division in spring,
Globe daisy with rounded lobes and purple-blotched AMARANTHACEAE selected forms by division only. Pests and
throats. Z13–15 H12–10. diseases usually give little trouble. Grasses,
GLOBULARIACEAE/PLANTAGINACEAE G. speciosa. See Sinningia speciosa. Genus of annuals, biennials and perennials. bamboos, rushes and sedges are illustrated
Only one species, G. globosa, is usually on pp.284–49.
Genus of mainly evergreen, summer- GLYCERIA cultivated; its flower heads are good for
flowering shrubs and subshrubs, grown cutting and drying. Prefers sun and fertile, Grasses (Gramineae)
for their dome-shaped hummocks and Manna grass well-drained soil. Propagate by seed sown Family of evergreen, semievergreen
usually blue or purple flower heads. GRAMINEAE/POACEAE under glass in spring. or herbaceous, sometimes creeping
Needs full sun and well-drained soil. G. globosa, illus. p.303. perennials, annuals and marginal water
Propagate by division in spring, by See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES plants, usually with rhizomes or stolons,
softwood or semiripe cuttings in and SEDGES. GONGORA that form tufts, clumps or carpets. All
summer or by seed in fall. G. aquatica ‘Variegata’. See G. maxima have basal leaves and rounded flower
G. bellidifolia. See G. meridionalis. ‘Variegata’. ORCHIDACEAE stems that bear alternate, long, narrow
G. cordifolia, illus. p.369. subsp. G. maxima ‘Variegata’, syn. G. aquatica leaves. Flowers are bisexual (males and
bellidifolia. See G. meridionalis. ‘Variegata’, illus. p.436. See also ORCHIDS. females in same spikelet) and are
G. meridionalis, syn. G. bellidifolia, G. quinquenervis. Evergreen, epiphytic arranged in panicles, racemes or spikes.
G. cordifolia, G. pygmaea, illus. p.367. GLYCYRRHIZA orchid for an intermediate greenhouse. Each flower head comprises spikelets,
G. pygmaea. See G. meridionalis. H 10in (25cm). In summer, fragrant, with one or more florets, that are covered
LEGUMINOSAE/PAPILIONACEAE brown, orange and yellow flowers, with glumes (scales) from which awns
GLORIOSA 1⁄2in (1cm) across, which resemble birds (long, slender bristles) may grow. Unless
Genus of summer-flowering perennials. in flight, are produced in long, pendent otherwise stated, grasses will tolerate
LILIACEAE/COLCHICACEAE Needs sun and deep, rich, well-drained spikes. Has oval, ribbed leaves, 5–6in a range of light conditions and flourish
soil. Propagate by division in spring or (12–15cm) long. Is best grown in a in any well-drained soil. Many genera,
Genus of deciduous, summer-flowering, seed in fall or spring. hanging basket. Requires partial shade such as Briza, self-seed readily. See
tendril climbers with finger-like tubers. G. glabra. Upright perennial. H 4ft (1.2m), in summer. Z14–15 H12–6. also Alopecurus, Anemanthele,
S 3ft (1m). Has pealike, purple- blue and Arrhenatherum, Arundo, Bouteloua, Briza,
G Needs full sun and rich, well-drained white flowers, borne in short spikes on GRAPTOPETALUM Bromus, Chionochloa, Coix, Cortaderia,
soil. Water freely in summer and liquid erect stems in late summer, and large Dactylis, Deschampsia, Festuca, Glyceria,
feed every 2 weeks. Provide support. leaves divided into oval leaflets. Is grown CRASSULACEAE Hakonechloa, Helictotrichon, Holcus,
Dry off tubers in winter and keep cool commercially for production of licorice. Hordeum, Lagurus, Lamarckia, Leymus,
but frost-free. Propagate by seed or Z9–11 H12–10. Genus of rosetted, perennial succulents Melica, Melinis, Milium, Miscanthus,
division in spring. T Highly toxic if very similar to Echeveria, with which it Molinia, Oplismenus, Panicum,
ingested; handling tubers may irritate Godetia. See Clarkia. hybridizes. Needs sun or partial shade Pennisetum, Phalaris, Sesleria, Setaria,
the skin. and very well-drained soil. Propagate by Spartina, Stenotaphrum, Stipa,
G. rothschildiana. See G. superba GOMESA seed or by stem or leaf cuttings in spring Zea and Zizania.
‘Rothschildiana’. or summer.
G. superba. Deciduous, tendril climber ORCHIDACEAE G. amethystinum. Clump-forming, Bamboos (Bambusoideae)
with tubers. H to 6ft (2m), S 1–11/2ft prostrate, perennial succulent. H 16in Sub-family of Gramineae, comprising
(30–45cm). Slender stems bear scattered, See also ORCHIDS. (40cm), S 36in (90cm). Produces thick, evergreen, rhizomatous perennials,
broadly lance-shaped leaves. In summer, G. flexuosum, syn. Oncidium flexuosum rounded, blue-gray to red leaves, sometimes grown as hedging as well as
upper leaf axils bear large, yellow or red (Dancing-doll orchid, Glory Lily), illus. 3in (7cm) long, in terminal rosettes and for ornamentation. Most bamboos differ
flowers, with 6 sharply reflexed, wavy- p.467. Evergreen, epiphytic orchid for star-shaped, yellow-and-red flowers, from other perennial grasses in that they
edged petals, changing to dark orange a cool or intermediate greenhouse. 1/2–3/4in (1–2cm) across, in spring–summer. have woody stems (culms). These are
or deep red. Stamens are prominent. H 9in (23cm). In fall produces terminal Z13–15 H12–10. hollow (except in Chusquea), mostly
Z8–10 H12–7. ‘Rothschildiana’, sprays of many small, large-lipped, bright G. bellum, syn. Tacitus bellus, illus. p.485. greenish-brown and, due to their silica
syn. G. rothschildiana illus. p.386. yellow flowers, 1/4in (0.5cm) across, with G. paraguayense, illus. p.489. content, very strong, with a circumference
red-brown markings on sepals and of up to 6in (15cm) in some tropical species.
588 GLOTTIPHYLLUM petals. Bears narrowly oval leaves, GRAPTOPHYLLUM Leaves are lance-shaped with cross veins
4in (10cm) long. Is best grown on a bark that give a tessellated appearance, which
AIZOACEAE slab. Keep in partial shade in summer. ACANTHACEAE may be obscured in the more tender
Z13–15 H12–1. species. Flowers are produced at varying
Genus of clump-forming, perennial G. planifolia. Evergreen, epiphytic orchid Genus of evergreen shrubs, grown intervals but are not decorative. After
succulents, grown for their semicylindrical for a cool greenhouse. H 9in (23cm). mainly for their foliage. Needs partial flowering, stems die down but few plants
leaves often broader at tips. Needs full sun Sprays of star-shaped, pea-green flowers, shade and fertile, well-drained soil. die completely. Bamboos thrive in a
and poor, well-drained soil. Propagate by 1/4in (0.5cm) across, are produced in fall. Water container plants freely when in sheltered, not too dry situation in sun
seed or stem cuttings in spring or summer. Narrowly oval leaves are 6in (15cm) full growth, much less when temperatures or shade, unless otherwise stated. See
G. difforme, syn. G. semicylindricum. long. Grow in partial shade in summer. are low. Young plants need tip-pruning also Bambusa, Chusquea, Fargesia,
Clump-forming, perennial succulent. Z14–15 H12–6. after flowering to promote branching; Himalayacalamus, Phyllostachys,
H 3in (8cm), S 12in (30cm) or more. Has leggy specimens may be cut back hard Pleioblastus, Pseudosasa, Sasa,
semicylindrical, bright green leaves, 21/2in GOMPHOCARPUS after flowering or in spring. Propagate Semiarundinaria, Shibataea and Yushania.
(6cm) long, with a tooth halfway along by greenwood or semiripe cuttings in
each margin. Short-stemmed, daisylike, ASCLEPIADACEAE/APOCYNACEAE spring or summer. Rushes (Juncaceae)
golden-yellow flowers, 11/2in (4cm) across, G. pictum (Caricature plant). Evergreen, Family of evergreen, tuft-forming or
are produced in spring–summer. Z10–11 Genus of evergreen and deciduous erect, loose shrub. H to 6ft (2m), S 2ft creeping, mostly rhizomatous annuals
H12–9. subshrubs and perennials. Hooded, (60cm) or more. Has oval, pointed, glossy, and perennials. All have either rounded,
G. nelii, illus. p.495. cup-shaped flowers are followed by seed green leaves with central, yellow blotches.
G. semicylindricum. See G. difforme. pods that are usually inflated. Needs sun Bears short, terminal spikes of tubular,
or partial shade and well-drained soil. red to purple flowers in spring and early
summer. Z13–15 H12–10.

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leafless stems or stems bearing long, short, dense clusters of tubular, red, GUNNERA GYMNOCALYCIUM
narrow, basal leaves that are flat and occasionally pink or white flowers
hairless except Luzula (woodrushes) in summer. GUNNERACEAE/HALORAGIDACEAE CACTACEAE
which has flat leaves, edged with G. sulphurea. See G. juniperina
white hairs. Rounded flower heads are f. sulphurea. Genus of summer-flowering perennials, Genus of perennial cacti, grown for their
generally unimportant. Most rushes grown mainly for their foliage. Some masses of funnel-shaped flowers in
prefer sun or partial shade and a moist GREYIA are clump-forming with very large leaves; spring–summer. Crowns generally bear
or wet situation, but Luzula prefers drier others are mat-forming with smaller smooth, scaly buds. Needs full sun or
conditions. See also Isolepis, Juncus GREYIACEAE/MELANTHIACEAE leaves. Shelter from wind in summer partial shade and very well-drained soil.
and Luzula. and cover with hay or compost in winter. Propagate by seed or offsets in spring
Genus of evergreen, semievergreen or Some require sun while others do best in or summer.
Sedges (Cyperaceae) deciduous, spring-flowering shrubs and partial shade; all need moist soil. Propagate G. andreae. Clump-forming, spherical,
Family of evergreen, rhizomatous trees, grown for their flowers and overall by seed in fall or spring; small species by perennial cactus. H 21/2in (6cm), S 4in
perennials that form dense tufts. Stems appearance. Needs full light and well- division in spring. (10cm). Has a glossy, dark green stem
are triangular and bear long, narrow drained soil. Water container specimens G. chilensis. See G. tinctoria. bearing 8 rounded ribs and up to 8 pale
leaves, sometimes reduced to scales. moderately when in full growth, less at G. magellanica, illus. p.371. yellow-white spines per areole. Yellow
Spikes or panicles of florets covered with other times. Remove or shorten flowered G. manicata, illus. p.443. flowers, 2in (5cm) wide, are produced
glumes are produced and contain both stems after flowering. Propagate by seed G. scabra. See G. tinctoria. in spring–summer. Z11–12 H12–10.
male and female flowers, although some in spring or by semiripe cuttings in G. tinctoria, syn. G. chilensis, G. scabra. G. gibbosum, illus. p.481.
species of Carex have separate male and summer. Plants grown under glass Robust, rounded, clump-forming perennial. G. mihanovichii ‘Red Head’, syn.
female flower heads on the same stem. need plenty of ventilation. H and S 5ft (1.5m) or more. Has very large, G. mihanovichii ‘Hibotan’, G. mihanovichii
Grow in sun or partial shade. Some G. sutherlandii, illus. p.455. rounded, puckered and lobed leaves, 11/2–2ft ‘Red Cap’, illus. p.487.
sedges grow naturally in water, but many (45–60cm) across. In early summer G. quehlianum. Flattened spherical,
may be grown in any well-drained soil. GRINDELIA produces dense, conical clusters of tiny, perennial cactus. H 2in (5cm), S 3in (7cm).
See also Carex, Cyperus, Eleocharis, dull reddish-green flowers. Z9–10 H10–9. Gray-blue to brown stem has 11 or so
Schoenoplectus and Scirpoides. Gum plant, Rosinweed rounded ribs. Areoles each produce
COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE GUZMANIA 5 curved spines. Produces white flowers,
GREVILLEA 2in (5cm) across, with red throats, in
Genus of annuals, biennials, evergreen BROMELIACEAE spring–summer. Is easy to flower. Z13–15
PROTEACEAE perennials and subshrubs, grown for H12–10.
their flower heads. Needs a warm, Genus of evergreen, rosette-forming, G. schickendantzii. Spherical, perennial
Genus of evergreen shrubs and trees, sheltered site. Requires sun and well- epiphytic perennials, grown for their cactus. H and S 4in (10cm). Dark green
grown for their flowers and foliage. Grow drained soil. Water container specimens overall appearance. Needs semi-shade stem has 7–14 deeply indented ribs and
in full sun and well-drained, preferably moderately when in full growth, less at and a rooting medium of equal parts rich long, red-tipped, gray-brown spines. Bears
acidic soil. Water container specimens other times. Remove spent flowering soil and either sphagnum moss, or bark greenish-white to pale pink flowers, 2in
moderately, very little in winter. Pruning stems either as they die or in following or plastic chips used for orchid culture. (5cm) across, in summer. Z13–15 H12–10.
is tolerated if necessary. Propagate by spring. Propagate by seed in spring or Using soft water, water moderately during
seed in spring or by semiripe cuttings by semiripe cuttings in late summer. growing season, sparingly at other times, GYMNOCARPIUM G
G. chiloensis, syn. G. speciosa, illus. p.161. and keep rosette centers filled with water
in summer. T All parts may aggravate G. speciosa. See G. chiloensis. from spring to fall. Propagate by offsets DRYOPTERIDACEAE/WOODSIACEAE
in spring or summer.
skin allergies. GRISELINIA G. lingulata. Evergreen, basal-rosetted, Genus of deciduous, rhizomatous,
G. alpestris. See G. alpina. epiphytic perennial. H and S 12–18in terrestrial ferns with triangular fronds,
G. alpina, syn. G. alpestris. Evergreen, Tarweed (30–45cm). Forms loose rosettes of ideal for groundcover. Needs deep shade
rounded, wiry-stemmed shrub. H and CORNACEAE/GRISELINIACEAE broadly strap-shaped, arching, mid-green and prefers leafy, moist, neutral to acidic
S 1–2ft (30–60cm). Has narrowly oblong leaves. Bears a cluster of tubular, white to soil. Propagate from spores when ripe,
or oval leaves, dark green above, silky- Genus of evergreen shrubs and trees, with yellow flowers, surrounded by a rosette or divide in spring.
haired beneath. Bears tubular, red flowers inconspicuous flowers, grown for their of bright red bracts, usually in summer. G. dryopteris (Oak fern). Deciduous
in small clusters in spring–summer. foliage. Thrives in mild, coastal areas where Z14–15 H12–1. var. minor, H and S 6in fern. H 8in (20cm), S indefinite. Bears
Z9–10 H10–9. it is effective as a hedge or windbreak as it (15cm), has yellow-green leaves and red divided fronds, each with a leaf blade
G. banksii, illus. p.450. is very wind- and salt-resistant. In colder or yellow bracts. 4–7in (10–18cm) long and across, on stem
G. ‘Canberra Gem’, illus. p.201. areas, provide shelter. Requires sun and G. monostachia, syn. G. monostachya, 4in (10cm) long. Pinnae are triangular,
G. juniperina f. sulphurea, syn. fertile, well-drained soil. Restrict growth G. tricolor. Evergreen, basal-rosetted, with oblong to ovate, toothed and
G. sulphurea, illus. p.206. and trim hedges in early summer. epiphytic perennial. H and S 12–16in scalloped segments. Pale yellowish
G. ‘Poorinda Constance’. Evergreen, Propagate by semiripe cuttings in summer. (30–40cm). Has dense rosettes of strap- green, young fronds darken to vivid
bushy, rounded shrub. H and S to 6ft G. littoralis (Broadleaf). Fast-growing, shaped, erect to arching, pale to rich green as they mature. Z4–8 H0.
(2m). Has small, lance-shaped, mid- to evergreen, upright shrub of dense habit. yellowish-green leaves. In summer,
deep green leaves with prickly toothed H 20ft (6m), S 15ft (5m). Bears oval, leathery elongated spikes of tubular, white flowers GYMNOCLADUS
margins. Tubular, bright red flowers, leaves that are bright apple-green. Tiny, emerge from axils of oval bracts,
in conspicuous clusters, are borne from inconspicuous, yellow-green flowers are the upper ones red, the lower ones green LEGUMINOSAE/CAESALPINIACEAE
spring to fall, sometimes longer. Z10–11 borne in late spring. Z7–9 H9–7. ‘Dixon’s with purple-brown stripes. Z14–15 H12–1.
H12–10. Cream’, H 10ft (3m), S 6ft (2m), is slower- G. monostachya. See G. monostachia. Genus of deciduous trees, grown for their
G. robusta (Silk oak). Fast-growing, growing and has central, creamy-white G. sanguinea. Evergreen, basal- foliage. Needs full sun and deep, fertile,
evergreen, upright to conical tree. leaf variegation. ‘Variegata’, illus. p.119. rosetted, epiphytic perennial. H 8in well-drained soil. Propagate by seed in fall.
H 100ft (30m), S to 50ft (15m). Fernlike G. lucida. Fast-growing, evergreen, (20cm), S 12–14in (30–35cm). Has dense, G. dioica, illus. p.67.
leaves are 6–10in (15–25cm) long. Mature upright shrub. H 20ft (6m), S 15ft (5m). slightly flat rosettes of broadly strap-
specimens bear upturned bell-shaped, Is similar to G. littoralis, but has larger, shaped, arching, mid- to deep green Gynandiris sisyrinchium. See Moraea
bright yellow or orange flowers in glossy, dark green leaves. Z7–9 H9–7. leaves. In summer, a compact cluster sisyrinchium.
dense, one-sided spikes, 4in (10cm) or of tubular, yellow flowers, surrounded
more long, in spring–summer. Z10–11 GUARIANTHE by red bracts, is produced at the heart GYNURA 589
H12–3. of each mature rosette. Z14–15 H12–1.
G. ‘Robyn Gordon’. Evergreen, ORCHIDACEAE G. tricolor. See G. monostachia. COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE
sprawling shrub. H 3–5ft (1–1.5m), G. vittata. Evergreen, basal-rosetted,
S 20–60in (50–150cm). Has leathery, See also ORCHIDS. epiphytic perennial. H and S 14–24in Genus of evergreen perennials, shrubs and
dark green leaves and arching stems that G. bowringiana, syn. Cattleya (35–60cm). Produces fairly loose rosettes semi-scrambling climbers, grown for their
bear racemes of crimson flowers, with bowringiana, illus. p.466. Evergreen, of strap-shaped, erect, dark green leaves ornamental foliage or flower heads. Requires
protruding, recurved styles, from early epiphytic orchid for a cool greenhouse. with pale green cross-bands and recurved a lightly shaded position in summer and any
spring to late summer. Z13–15 H12–9. H 18in (45cm). In fall bears large heads tips. Stem bears a compact, egg-shaped fertile, well-drained soil. Water moderately
G. rosmarinifolia, illus. p.203. of rose-purple-lipped, magenta flowers, head of small, tubular, white flowers in throughout the year, less in cool conditions;
Evergreen, rounded, well-branched 3in (8cm) across. Has oval, stiff leaves, summer. Z14–15 H12–1. do not overwater. Provide support for stems.
shrub. H and S to 6ft (2m). Dark green 3–4in (8–10cm) long. Grow in partial Remove stem tips to encourage branching.
leaves are needle-shaped with reflexed shade in summer and do not spray Propagate by softwood or semiripe cuttings
margins, silky-haired beneath. Has from overhead. Z12–15 H12–9. in spring or summer.

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G. aurantiaca, illus. p.462. ‘Purple H soil, which is well supplied with moisture HAKEA
Passion’, syn. G. sarmentosa is an in growing season. Propagate by seed or
evergreen, erect, woody-based, soft- HAAGEOCEREUS offsets in spring. PROTEACEAE
stemmed shrub or semi-scrambling H. andersonii. See H. tubispathus.
climber. H 2ft (60cm) or more. Stems CACTACEAE H. brachyandrus. Summer-flowering Genus of evergreen shrubs and trees,
and lance-shaped, lobed, serrated leaves bulb. H to 12in (30cm), S 2–3in (5–8cm). grown for their often needlelike leaves
are covered with velvety, purple hairs. Genus of perennial cacti, grown for their Long, linear, semierect, narrow leaves form and their flowers. Is very wind-resistant,
Leaves are purple-green above, deep ribbed, densely spiny, columnar, green a basal cluster. Each flower stem bears a except in cold areas. Requires full sun and
red-purple beneath. In winter, clusters stems branching from the base. Requires semierect, widely funnel-shaped, pinkish- fertile, well-drained soil. Water container
of daisylike, orange-yellow flower heads full sun and very well-drained soil. red flower, 3–4in (7–10cm) long. Z10–11 specimens moderately in growing season,
are produced and these become purplish Propagate by seed or stem cuttings in H12–10. but only sparingly in winter. Propagate
as they mature. Z14–15 H12–10. spring or summer. H. robustus, syn. Zephyranthes robusta, by semiripe cuttings in summer or by seed
G. sarmentosa. See G. aurantiaca H. ambiguus. See H. decumbens. illus. p.426. in fall.
‘Purple Passion’. H. chosicensis. See H. pseudomelanostele. H. tubispathus, syn. H. andersonii. H. drupacea, syn. H. suaveolens.
H. decumbens, syn. H. ambiguus, H. Summer-flowering bulb. H to 6in (15cm), Evergreen, rounded shrub. H and S 6ft (2m)
GYPSOPHILA litoralis. Prostrate, perennial cactus. S 2in (5cm). Has linear, semierect, basal or more. Leaves are divided into
H 1ft (30cm), S 3ft (1m). Stems, 21/2in leaves and a succession of flower stems cylindrical, needlelike leaflets or
CARYOPHYLLACEAE (6cm) across, with 20 or so ribs, have each bearing solitary, funnel-shaped occasionally are undivided and lance-
Genus of spring- to fall-flowering annuals dark brown, central spines, 2in (5cm) flowers, 1–11/2in (2.5–3.5cm) long, yellow shaped. Small, fragrant, tubular, white
and perennials, some of which are long, and shorter, dense, golden, radial inside, copper-red outside. Z10–11 flowers, in short, dense clusters, are
semievergreen. Needs sun. Prefers deep, spines. Tubular, white flowers, 3in (8cm) H12–10. produced from summer to winter. Z10–11
well-drained soil but tolerates dry, sandy across, are produced in summer near H12–9.
and stony soils. Resents being disturbed. crowns, only on mature plants. HACQUETIA H. lissosperma, syn. H. sericea
Cut back after flowering for a second flush Z13–15 H12–10. (Mountain hakea). Evergreen, upright,
of flowers. Propagate G. paniculata H. litoralis. See H. decumbens. SYN. DONDIA densely branched shrub of pine-like
cultivars by grafting in winter, others by H. pseudomelanostele, syn. H. appearance. H 15ft (5m), S 10ft (3m). Bears
softwood cuttings in summer or by seed chosicensis. Upright, perennial cactus. H 5ft UMBELLIFERAE/APIACEAE long, slender, sharply pointed, gray-green
in fall or spring. (1.5m), S 3ft (1m). Green stem, 4in (10cm) leaves and, in late spring and early
G. cerastioides, illus. p.349. across, with 19 or so ribs, bears white, Genus of one species of clump-forming, summer, produces clusters of small,
G. elegans, illus. p.299. golden or red, central spines and shorter, rhizomatous perennial that creeps slowly, spidery, white flowers. Z10–11 H12–10.
G. paniculata (Baby’s breath). ‘Bristol dense, bristly, white, radial ones. Has grown for its yellow or yellow-green flower H. sericea of gardens. See H. lissosperma.
Fairy’, illus. p.231. ‘Flamingo’ is a tubular, white, lilac-white or pinkish-red heads borne on leafless plants in late H. suaveolens. See H. drupacea.
spreading, short-lived perennial. H 2–21/2ft flowers, 3in (7cm) long, near crown in winter and early spring. Is good in rock
(60–75cm), S 3ft (1m). In summer bears summer. Z13–15 H12–10. gardens. Prefers shade and rich, moist soil. HAKONECHLOA
panicles of numerous, small, rounded, H. versicolor. Columnar, perennial Resents disturbance to roots. Propagate
double, pale pink flowers on wiry, cactus. H to 6ft (2m), S 3ft (1m). Dense, by division in spring, by seed when fresh Hakone grass
branching stems. Has small, linear, mid- golden, red or brown, radial spines at in fall or by root cuttings in winter.
green leaves. times form colored bands around a longer, H. epipactis, illus. p.356. GRAMINEAE/POACEAE
G. repens. Semievergreen, prostrate central spine up the green stem. Long-
tubed, white flowers are borne near HAEMANTHUS See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES
G perennial with much-branched rhizomes. crown of plant in summer. Z13–15 H12–10. and SEDGES.
H 1–2in (2.5–5cm) or more, S 12in (30cm) AMARYLLIDACEAE H. macra ‘Aureola’, illus. p.289.
or more. In summer produces sprays HABENARIA
of small, rounded, white, lilac or pink Genus of summer-flowering bulbs, HALESIA
flowers on slender stems on which are ORCHIDACEAE grown for their dense heads of small,
borne narrowly oval, bluish-green leaves. star-shaped flowers, often brightly Silverbell, Snowdrop tree
Is excellent for a rock garden, wall or See also ORCHIDS. colored. Prefers full sun or partial shade
dry bank. May also be propagated by H. radiata, illus. p.408. and well-drained soil or sandy compost. STYRACACEAE
division in spring. Z4–7 H7–1. ‘Dorothy Liquid feed in the growing season. Leave
Teacher’, illus. p.362. HABERLEA undisturbed as long as possible before Genus of deciduous, spring-flowering
replanting. Propagate by offsets or seed trees and shrubs, grown for their showy,
590 GESNERIACEAE before growth commences in early pendent, bell-shaped flowers and their
curious, winged fruits. Needs a sunny,
Genus of evergreen, rosetted perennials, spring. T All parts may cause mild sheltered position. Prefers moist but well-
grown for their sprays of flowers. Is useful drained, neutral to acid soil. Propagate by
on walls. Needs partial shade and moist stomach upset if ingested; contact with softwood cuttings in summer or by seed
soil. Resents disturbance to roots. the sap may irritate skin. in fall.
Propagate by seed in spring or by leaf H. albiflos (Shaving brush plant, White H. carolina, syn. H. tetraptera (Carolina
cuttings or offsets in early summer. paintbrush). Summer-flowering bulb. silverbell). Deciduous, spreading tree or
H. ferdinandi-coburgii. Evergreen, H 2–12in (5–30cm), S 8–12in (20–30cm). Has shrub. H 25ft (8m), S 30ft (10m). Oval leaves
dense, basal-rosetted perennial. H 4–6in 2–6 almost prostrate, broadly elliptic leaves are mid-green. Masses of bell-shaped,
(10–15cm), S 12in (30cm). Has oblong, with hairy edges. Flower stem, produced white flowers, hanging from bare shoots,
toothed, dark green leaves, hairy below, between leaves, bears a brushlike head of produced in late spring, are followed
almost glabrous above. Sprays of funnel- up to 50 white flowers with very narrow by 4-winged, green fruits. Z5–8 H8–4.
shaped, blue-violet flowers, each with a petals and protruding stamens. Z13–15 H. monticola, illus. p.71.
white throat, are borne on long stems in H12–10. H. tetraptera. See H. carolina.
late spring and early summer. Z5–8 H8–5. H. coccineus, illus. p.423.
H. rhodopensis. Evergreen, dense, basal- H. katherinae. See Scadoxus multiflorus x HALIMIOCISTUS
rosetted perennial. H 4in (10cm), S 6in (15cm) subsp. katherinae.
or more. Is similar to H. ferdinandi-coburgii, H. magnificus. See Scadoxus puniceus. CISTACEAE
but leaves are hairy on both surfaces. Z5–7 H. multiflorus. See Scadoxus
H7–5. ‘Virginalis’ illus. p.359. multiflorus. Hybrid genus (Cistus x Halimium) of
H. natalensis. See Scadoxus puniceus. evergreen shrubs, grown for their flowers.
HABRANTHUS H. puniceus. See Scadoxus puniceus. Requires full sun and well-drained soil.
H. sanguineus. Summer-flowering bulb. Propagate by semiripe cuttings in summer.
AMARYLLIDACEAE H to 12in (30cm), S 8–12in (20–30cm). Bears x H. sahucii, syn. Cistus revolii, illus.
2 prostrate, elliptic, rough, dark green p.149.
Genus of summer- and fall-flowering bulbs, leaves, hairy beneath. Brownish-purple- x H. wintonensis, syn. Halimium
grown for their funnel-shaped flowers. spotted, green flower stem, forming before wintonense. Evergreen, bushy shrub.
Needs a sheltered, sunny site and fertile leaves, produces a dense head of small, H 2ft (60cm), S 3ft (1m). Saucer-shaped,
narrow-petaled, red flowers, surrounded white flowers, each with deep red bands
by whorls of narrow, leaflike, red or pink and a yellow center, are produced amid
bracts. Z13–15 H12–10. lance-shaped, gray-green leaves in late
spring and early summer. Z7–9 H9–7.

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HALIMIUM Z5–9 H9–5. ‘Sulphurea’, illus. p.118. HAWORTHIA are suitable for rock gardens. Requires full H
‘Zuccariniana’ bears paler, lemon-yellow sun and well-drained soil. Growth may be
CISTACEAE flowers in early spring and mid-green LILIACEAE/ASPHODELACEAE restricted, or leggy plants tidied, by cutting 591
leaves turn orange-yellow in fall. back in spring. Propagate by semiripe
Genus of evergreen shrubs, grown for their H. mollis (Chinese witch hazel). Genus of basal-rosetted, clump-forming, cuttings in summer.
flowers. Is good for coastal gardens. Deciduous, upright, open shrub. H and perennial succulents, grown for their H. albicans, illus. p.151. ‘Cranleigh
Prefers full sun and light, well-drained soil. S 12ft (4m) or more. Broadly oval, mid- triangular to rounded, green leaves. Roots Gem’ is an evergreen, rounded shrub.
Propagate by semiripe cuttings in summer. green leaves turn yellow in fall. Produces tend to wither in winter or during long H 2ft (60cm), S 3ft (1m). Has dense spikes
H. formosum. See H. lasianthum subsp. extremely fragrant, spidery, yellow flowers, periods of drought. Needs partial shade of small, 4-lobed, white flowers, with
formosum. along bare branches, in mid- and late to stay green and grow quickly; if planted conspicuous, black anthers, amid narrowly
H. lasianthum. Evergreen, bushy, winter. Z5–9 H9–5. ‘Coombe Wood’ in full sun turns red or orange and grows oval, gray-green leaves in early summer.
spreading shrub. H 3ft (1m), S 5ft (1.5m). has golden-yellow flowers. Z5–9 H9–1. slowly. Requires very well-drained soil. Z9–10 H10–9.
Leaves are oval and gray-green. In late ‘Jermyn’s Gold’ bears large clusters Keep dry in winter. Propagate by seed H. ‘Alicia Amherst’. Fast-growing,
spring and early summer bears saucer- of broad-petaled, bright yellow flowers. or division from spring to fall. evergreen, upright shrub. H and S 4ft
shaped, golden-yellow flowers, sometimes ‘Pallida’. See H. x intermedia ‘Pallida’. H. arachnoidea, syn. H. setata, illus. (1.2m). Has large, oblong, glossy, dark
with small, central, red blotches. Z9–11 H. vernalis ‘Sandra’. Deciduous, p.491. green leaves and, in late summer–fall, large
H12–9. subsp. formosum, syn. H. upright, open shrub. H and S 15ft (5m). H. attenuata, illus. p.480. spikes of small, 4-lobed, deep violet-purple
formosum, illus. p.161. Bears small, fragrant, spidery, deep yellow H. x cuspidata. Clump-forming, perennial flowers. Z9–10 H10–9.
H. ocymoides, syn. Cistus algarvensis. flowers in late winter and early spring. succulent. H 2in (5cm), S 10in (25cm). H. x andersonii ‘Variegata’, syn.
Evergreen, bushy shrub. H 2ft (60cm), Oval leaves are purple when young, mid- Produces a basal rosette of smooth, H. ‘Andersonii Variegata’. Evergreen,
S 3ft (1m). Narrowly oval leaves, covered green in summer and purple, red, orange rounded, fleshy, light green leaves covered bushy shrub. H and S 6ft (2m). Leaves are
in white hairs when young, mature to dark and yellow in fall. Z4–8 H9–5. with translucent marks. Tubular to bell- oblong and dark green, each with a gray-
green. In early summer has upright clusters H. virginiana (Common witch hazel). shaped, white flowers are produced from green center and creamy-white margins.
of saucer-shaped, golden-yellow flowers, Deciduous, open, upright shrub. H and spring to fall on long, slender stems. Has dense spikes of small, 4-lobed, lilac
conspicuously blotched with black or S 15ft (5m). Small, fragrant, spidery, yellow Z13–15 H12–10. flowers from mid-summer to fall. Z10–11
purple. Z9–11 H12–9. ‘Susan’. See flowers, with 4 narrow petals, are produced H. fasciata. Slow-growing, clump- H12–10.
H. ‘Susan’. in fall as leaves fall. Broadly oval leaves forming, perennial succulent. H 6in (15cm), H. ‘Autumn Glory’, illus. p.157.
H. ‘Susan’, syn. H. ocymoides ‘Susan’, turn yellow in fall. Z3–8 H8–1. S 12in (30cm). Has raised, white dots, mostly H. ‘Bowles’s Variety’, illus. p.157.
illus. p.160. in bands, on undersides of triangular, H. brachysiphon. Evergreen, bushy,
H. umbellatum, syn. Helianthemum Hamatocactus hamatacanthus. See slightly incurved leaves, to 3in (8cm) long, dense shrub. H and S 6ft (2m). Has oblong,
umbellatum, illus. p.149. Ferocactus hamatacanthus. which are arranged in a basal rosette. dark green leaves. Produces dense spikes
H. wintonense. See Halimiocistus Hamatocactus uncinatus. See Bears tubular to bell-shaped, white flowers, of small, 4-lobed, white flowers in mid-
wintonensis. Sclerocactus uncinatus. on long, slender stems, from spring to fall. summer. Z8–10 H10–8. ‘White Gem’. See
Z12–15 H12–10. H. ‘White Gem’.
HAMAMELIS HARDENBERGIA H. setata. See H. arachnoidea. H. buchananii. Evergreen, dome-shaped
H. truncata, illus. p.492. shrub. H and S 6in (15cm) or more. Very
Witch hazel Coral pea dark stems bear oval, bluish-green leaves.
HEATHERS In summer produces clusters of small,
HAMAMELIDACEAE LEGUMINOSAE/PAPILIONACEAE 4-lobed, white flowers at stem tips. Z8–10
ERICACEAE H10–8. ‘Minor’, H 2–4in (5–10cm), has
Genus of deciduous, fall- to early spring- Genus of evergreen, woody-stemmed, smaller leaves.
flowering shrubs, grown for their fall color twining climbers or subshrubs, grown for Heathers (otherwise known as heaths) are H. canterburiensis, syn. H. ‘Tom
and fragrant, frost-resistant flowers, each their curtains of leaves and racemes of evergreen, woody-stemmed shrubs, grown Marshall’. Evergreen, spreading shrub.
with 4 narrowly strap-shaped petals. Needs pealike flowers. Prefers sun and well- for their flowers and foliage, both of which H and S 1–3ft (30–90cm). Small, oval, glossy,
sun or partial shade and prefers fertile, drained soil that does not dry out. Propagate may provide color in the garden all year dark green leaves are densely packed on
well-drained, peaty, acid soil, although by stem cuttings in late summer or fall or round. There are 3 genera: Calluna, stems. In early summer, short racemes of
tolerates good, deep soil over chalk. by seed (soaked before sowing) in spring. Daboecia and Erica. Calluna has only one small, white flowers are freely produced in
Propagate species by seed in fall, selected H. comptoniana, illus. p.194. species, C. vulgaris, but it contains a large leaf axils. Z8–10 H10–8.
forms by softwood cuttings in summer, by H. monophylla. See H. violacea. number of cultivars that flower mainly H. ‘Carl Teschner’. See H. ‘Youngii’.
budding in late summer or by grafting in H. violacea, syn. H. monophylla (Purple from mid-summer to late fall. Daboecia H. carnosula. Evergreen, prostrate shrub.
winter. See also feature panel p.118. coral pea). Evergreen, woody-stemmed, has 2 species, both of which are summer- H 6–12in (15–30cm), S 12in (30cm) or more.
H. x intermedia ‘Aphrodite’ (illus. p.118) twining climber. H to 10ft (3m). Narrowly flowering. The largest genus is Erica, which, Has small, oblong to oval, slightly convex,
Deciduous, upright shrub. H and S 12ft oval leaves are 1–5in (2.5–12cm) long. although broadly divided into 2 groups— fleshy, glaucous leaves. Terminal clusters of
(4m) or more. Has oval, bright green Violet, occasionally pink or white, flowers, winter- and summer-flowering species—has many small, white flowers, with 4 pointed
leaves. Bears masses of large, fragrant, with yellow blotches on upper petals, are some species also flowering in spring and lobes, are borne in late spring or early
spidery, golden-orange flowers, along bare borne in spring. Brownish pods, 11/4–11/2in fall. They vary in height from tree heaths, summer. Z9–10 H10–8.
branches, in winter. ‘Arnold Promise’ (3–4cm) long, are produced in fall. Z12–15 which may grow to 20ft (6m), to dwarf, H. cupressoides, illus. p.165. ‘Boughton
(illus. p.118) has a spreading habit, bright H12–10. ‘Happy Wanderer’ illus. p.462. prostrate plants that, if planted apart, soon Dome’, illus. p.347.
green leaves that turn to yellow in fall and spread to form a thick mat of groundcover. H. ‘E.A. Bowles’, illus. p.157.
yellow flowers in mid- and late winter. HATIORA H. ‘Eveline’, syn. H. ‘Gauntlettii’.
‘Barmstedt Gold’ (illus. p.118) has deep Heathers prefer an open, sunny position Evergreen, upright shrub. H and S 3ft (1m).
golden-yellow flowers, with red-tinted CACTACEAE and require rich, well-drained soil. Calluna Has long spikes of small, 4-lobed, pink
bases, and leaves that turn to yellow in fall. and Daboecia dislike limestone and must flowers, each with a purplish tube, amid
‘Diane’ has deep red flowers from mid- to Genus of perennial, epiphytic cacti, grown be grown in acid soil; some species of Erica rich green, oblong leaves from late summer
late winter. Leaves turn yellow and red in for their short, jointed, cylindrical stems, tolerate slightly alkaline soil but all are to late fall. Z10–11 H11–9.
fall. Z5–9 H9–1. ‘Jelena’ (illus. p.118) has each swollen at one end like a bottle. better grown in acid soils. Prune lightly H. ‘Fairfieldii’. Evergreen, upright shrub.
coppery-orange flowers from early to mid- Requires partial shade and very well- after flowering each year to keep plants H and S 2ft (60cm). Oval, toothed, glossy,
winter and bright orange or red leaves in drained soil. Keep damp in summer; bushy and compact. Propagate species bright green leaves are red-margined.
fall. ‘Pallida’, syn. H. mollis ‘Pallida’ (illus. water a little in winter. Propagate by stem by seed in spring or by softwood cuttings, Large, open panicles of small, 4-lobed, pale
p.118), S 10ft (3m), bears dense clusters of cuttings in spring or summer. division or layering in summer. Seed cannot lilac flowers are produced in late spring
large, sulfur-yellow flowers. ‘Primavera’ H. clavata. See Rhipsalis gaertneri. be relied onto come true. All cultivars and early summer. Z9–10 H10–9.
(illus. p.118) has yellow flowers in late H. gaertneri, syn. Rhipsalidopsis should be vegetatively propagated. H. x franciscana ‘Blue Gem’. Evergreen,
winter and early spring. ‘Robert’ (illus. gaertneri, illus. p.487. Heathers are illustrated on p.166. spreading shrub. H 2ft (60cm), S 4ft (1.2m).
p.118) has orange-red flowers. ‘Vesna’ H. rosea, syn. Rhipsalidopsis rosea, Has oblong, densely arranged, mid-green
produces golden-yellow flowers flushed illus. p.485. HEBE leaves. Dense spikes of small, 4-lobed,
with red. Z5–9 H9–1. H. salicornioides, syn. Rhipsalis violet-blue flowers are borne from mid-
H. japonica (Japanese witch hazel). salicornioides (Drunkard’s dream). SCROPHULARIACEAE/PLANTAGINACEAE summer until early winter. Z9–10 H10–9.
Deciduous, upright, open shrub. H and Bushy, perennial, epiphytic cactus. H and H. ‘Gauntlettii’. See H. ‘Eveline’.
S 12ft (4m). Broadly oval, glossy, mid-green S 1ft (30cm). Has freely branching stems, Genus of evergreen shrubs, grown for their H. ‘Great Orme’, illus. p.153.
leaves turn yellow in fall. Fragrant, yellow 11/4in (3cm) long, joints with expanded often dense spikes, panicles or racemes of
flowers, with crinkled petals, are produced tips and, in spring, terminal, bell-shaped, flowers and for their foliage. Grows well in
on bare branches from mid- to late winter. golden-yellow flowers. Z13–15 H12–10. coastal areas. Smaller species and cultivars

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H. hulkeana. Evergreen, upright, open are produced, followed by globose, black, ‘Caenwoodiana’. See H. helix ‘Pedata’. shiny, mid-green leaves. Is often grown
shrub. H and S 3ft (1m). Oval, toothed, occasionally yellow, fruits. Ivies with green ‘Congesta’, H 11/2ft (45cm), S 2ft (60cm), as a “bush ivy”, as it bears distinctive,
glossy, dark green leaves have red margins. leaves are very shade tolerant and do well is a non-climbing, erect cultivar with spire- orange-yellow fruit, even on comparatively
Has masses of small, 4-lobed, pale lilac against a north-facing wall. Those with like shoots and small leaves; is suitable young plants. ‘Poetica’. See H. helix
flowers in large, open panicles in late variegated or yellow leaves prefer more for a rock garden. ‘Conglomerata’, f. poetarum. ‘Poetica Arborea’. See
spring and early summer. Z9–11 H12–10. light, are usually less hardy and may H and S 3ft (1m), has small, curly, unlobed H. helix f. poetarum. ‘Purpurea’. See
‘Lilac Hint’, illus. p.152. sustain frost and wind damage in severe leaves; will clamber over a low wall or H. helix ‘Atropurpurea’. ‘Sagittifolia’ of
H. ‘La Séduisante’, syn. H. ‘Ruddigore’, winters. All prefer well-drained, alkaline grow in a rock garden. ‘Cristata’. See gardens. See H. helix ‘Königers Auslese’.
H. speciosa ‘Ruddigore’. Evergreen, soil. Prune in spring to control height and H. helix ‘Parsley Crested’. ‘Curylocks’. ‘Telecurl’, H and S 3ft (1m), has twisted,
upright shrub. H and S 3ft (1m). Oval, spread, and to remove any damaged See H. helix ‘Manda’s Crested’. light green leaves. ‘Triton’, H 11/2ft
glossy, deep green leaves are purple growth. Propagate in late summer by ‘Deltoidea’. See H. hibernica ‘Deltoidea’. (45cm), S 3ft (1m), is a non-climbing
beneath. Produces small, 4-lobed, deep softwood cuttings or rooted layers. Red ‘Digitata’. See H. hibernica ‘Digitata’. cultivar that has leaves with deeply
purplish-red flowers in large spikes from spider mite may be a problem when plants ‘Erecta’, H 3ft (1m), S 4ft (1.2m), is a incised lobes that resemble whips; makes
late summer to late fall. Z9–11 H12–9. are grown against a south-facing wall or non-climbing, erect cultivar similar to good groundcover. ‘Woeneri’, H 12ft
H. macrantha. Evergreen, bushy shrub. H.helix ‘Congesta’. Z5–11 H11–6. ‘Eva’, (4m), S 10ft (3m), is a vigorous cultivar
H 2ft (60cm), S 3ft (1m). Has oval, toothed, in dry conditions. T All parts of ivy may H 4ft (1.2m), S 3ft (1m), has small, gray- that has bluntly lobed, gray-green leaves,
fleshy, bright green leaves and produces green leaves with cream variegation; may with lighter colored veins, that turn
racemes of large, 4-lobed, pure white cause severe discomfort if ingested; contact suffer leaf damage in winter. ‘Glacier’, purple in winter.
flowers in early summer. May become with the sap may aggravate skin allergies illus. p.211. ‘Glymii’, H 8ft (2.5m), S 6ft H. hibernica, syn. H. helix var. hibernica
bare at base. Z9–11 H12–9. or irritate skin. (2m), has glossy, dark green leaves that (Irish ivy). Vigorous, evergreen climber.
H. ‘Midsummer Beauty’. Evergreen, H. algeriensis, syn. H. canariensis. Fast- turn deep purple in winter; is not suitable H 15ft (5m), S 20ft (6m). Has large, mid-
rounded, open shrub. H 6ft (2m), S 5ft growing, evergreen, self-clinging climber. for groundcover. ‘Goldchild’, syn. green leaves. Tends to escape cultivation
(1.5m). Long, narrow, glossy, bright green H to 20ft (6m), S 15ft (5m). May be damaged H. helix ‘Gold Harald’, H 3ft (1m), has in temperate regions. Z6–11 H12–6.
leaves are reddish-purple beneath. Long in severe winters but soon recovers. Has small, 3–5-lobed, gray-green leaves with ‘Deltoidea’, syn. H. helix ‘Deltoidea’
spikes of small, 4-lobed, lilac flowers that oval to triangular, unlobed, glossy, mid- broad, yellow margins. ‘Gold Harald’. (Sweetheart ivy), H 15ft (5m), S 10ft (3m),
fade to white are borne from mid-summer green leaves and reddish-purple stems. See H. helix ‘Goldchild’. ‘Goldheart’. See has heart-shaped leaves; is suitable only
to late fall. Z9–11 H12–9. Is suitable for growing against a wall in H. helix ‘Oro di Bogliasco’. ‘Gracilis’. for growing against a wall. ‘Digitata’,
H. ochracea. Evergreen, bushy, dense a sheltered area. Z6–11 H12–6. ‘Gloire de See H. hibernica ‘Gracilis’. ‘Green syn. H. helix ‘Digitata’ (Finger-leaved ivy),
shrub. H and S 3ft (1m). Slender shoots are Marengo’ has silver-variegated leaves. Ripple’, H and S 4ft (1.2m), has mid-green H 20ft (6m), has large leaves; is not
densely covered with tiny, scalelike, ocher- ‘Ravensholst’ is vigorous with large leaves with prominent, light green veins; suitable for groundcover. ‘Gracilis’, syn.
tinged, olive-green leaves. Clusters of leaves; makes good groundcover. is good for groundcover or for growing H. helix ‘Gracilis’, H 15ft (5m), has sharply
small, 4-lobed, white flowers are borne in H. canariensis of gardens. See against a low wall. ‘Hahn’s Self- lobed, dark green leaves that turn bronze-
late spring and early summer. Z8–10 H10–8. H. algeriensis. branching’. See H. helix ‘Pittsburgh’. purple in winter; is not suitable for
H. pinguifolia (Disk-leaved hebe). Z8–10 H. colchica (Colchis ivy, Persian ivy). ‘Heise’, H 1ft (30cm), S 2ft (60cm), has groundcover. ‘Lobata Major’, syn. H.
H10–8. ‘Pagei’ illus. p.337. Evergreen, self-clinging climber or trailing small, gray-green leaves with cream helix ‘Lobata Major’, H 15ft (5m), is
H. ‘Purple Queen’, illus. p.157. perennial. H 30ft (10m), S 15ft (5m). Has variegation; is suitable as groundcover vigorous with large, 3-lobed leaves.
H. rakaiensis. Evergreen, rounded, large, oval, unlobed, dark green leaves. Is for a small, sheltered area. var. ‘Sulphurea’, H and S 10ft (3m), has
compact shrub. H 3ft (1m), S 4ft (1.2m). suitable for growing against a wall. Z6–11 hibernica. See H. hibernica. ‘Ivalace’, medium-sized leaves with sulfur-yellow
Produces small, dense spikes of 4-lobed, H12–1. ‘Dentata’ is more vigorous and H 3ft (1m), S 4ft (1.2m), has curled and variegation; is suitable for growing
has large, light green leaves that droop, crimped, glossy leaves; is good for against a wall or for groundcover, and as
H white flowers amid small, oblong, mid- hence its common name. Is good when groundcover and for growing against a foil for brightly colored plants.
grown against a wall or for groundcover. a low wall. ‘Jubiläum Goldherz’. See H. nepalensis (Nepalese ivy). Evergreen,
green leaves from early to mid-summer. ‘Dentata Variegata’, H 15ft (5m), has H. helix ‘Oro di Bogliasco’. ‘Jubilee self-clinging climber. H 12ft (4m), S 8ft
Z8–10 H10–8. variegated, cream-yellow leaves; is useful Goldheart’. See H. helix ‘Oro di (2.5m). Young growth may suffer damage
H. recurva, illus. p.151. to brighten a shady corner. ‘Paddy’s Bogliasco’. ‘Königers Auslese’, syn. from late frosts. Has oval to triangular,
H. ‘Ruddigore’. See H. ‘La Séduisante’. Pride’. See H. colchica ‘Sulphur Heart’. H. helix ‘Sagittifolia’, H 4ft (1.2m), S 3ft toothed, olive-green leaves and is suitable
H. salicifolia. Evergreen, upright shrub. ‘Sulphur Heart’, syn. H. colchica ‘Paddy’s (1m), has finger-like, deeply cut leaves; only for growing against a sheltered wall.
H and S 8ft (2.5m). Has long, narrow, Pride’ illus. p.211. is not suitable for groundcover. ‘Little Z8–11 H12–1. ‘Suzanne’, H 6ft (2m), has
pointed, pale green leaves and, in summer, H. cypria, syn. H. pastuchovii var. cypria. Diamond’, is slow-growing and has 5-lobed leaves with backward-pointing
produces slender spikes of small, 4-lobed, Vigorous, evergreen, self-clinging climber. entire, diamond-shaped, gray-green basal lobes.
white or pale lilac flowers. Z8–10 H10–8. H 10ft (3m), S 6ft (2m). Has shield-shaped, leaves, variegated creamy-white. ‘Lobata H. pastuchovii. Moderately vigorous,
H. speciosa ‘Ruddigore’. See H. ‘La glossy, dark green leaves with prominent, Major’. See H. hibernica ‘Lobata Major’. evergreen, self-clinging climber. H 8ft
Séduisante’. gray-green veins. Should be grown only ‘Manda’s Crested’, syn. H. helix (2.5m), S 6ft (2m). Has shield-shaped,
H. ‘Tom Marshall’. See H. canterburiensis. against a wall. Z5–11 H12–6. ‘Curylocks’, H and S 6ft (2m), has wavy- glossy, dark green leaves. Should be
H. vernicosa, illus. p.337. H. helix (English ivy). Vigorous, edged, mid-green leaves that turn a grown only against a wall. Z6–11 H12–6.
H. ‘White Gem’, syn. H. brachysiphon evergreen, self-clinging climber or trailing coppery shade in winter. ‘Merion var. cypria. See H. cypria.
‘White Gem’, illus. p.149. perennial. H 30ft (10m), S 15ft (5m). Has Beauty’, H 4ft (1.2m), S 3ft (1m), H. rhombea (Japanese ivy). Evergreen,
H. ‘Youngii’, syn. H. ‘Carl Teschner’. 5-lobed, dark green leaves. Makes good delicately lobed leaves; is not suitable self-clinging climber. H and S 4ft (1.2m).
Evergreen, prostrate, becoming dome- wall cover, but can be invasive if used for for groundcover. ‘Nigra’, H and S 4ft Has small, fairly thick, diamond-shaped,
shaped, shrub. H 6in (15cm), S 12in (30cm) groundcover. For a small garden, the more (1.2m), has small, very dark green leaves unlobed, mid-green leaves. Is suitable for
or more. Blackish-brown stems are covered decorative cultivars are preferable. Z5–11 that turn purple-black in winter. ‘Oro growing only against a low wall. Z6–11
in small, oval, glossy, dark green leaves. H12–6. ‘Adam’, H 4ft (1.2m), S 3ft (1m), di Bogliasco’, syn. H. helix ‘Goldheart’, H12–6. ‘Variegata’ has leaves with
Bears short racemes of tiny, 4-lobed, white- has small, light green leaves variegated- H. helix ‘Jubiläum Goldherz’, H. helix narrow, white margins.
throated, purple flowers in summer. Is yellow; may suffer leaf damage in winter, ‘Jubilee Goldheart’, illus. p.211. ‘Parsley
excellent as a border plant. Z8–9 H9–8. but will recover. ‘Angularis Aurea’, Crested’, syn. H. helix ‘Cristata’, H 6ft HEDYCHIUM
H 12ft (4m), S 8ft (2.5m), has glossy, light (2m), S 4ft (1.2m), has light green leaves,
592 HEDERA green leaves, with bright yellow crested at margins; is not suitable for Garland flower, Ginger lily
variegation; is not suitable as groundcover. groundcover. ‘Pedata’, syn. H. helix
Ivy ‘Anna Marie’, H 4ft (1.2m), S 3ft (1m), has ‘Caenwoodiana’ (Bird’s-foot ivy), H 12ft ZINGIBERACEAE
light green leaves with cream variegation, (4m), S 10ft (3m), has gray-green leaves
ARALIACEAE mostly at margins; may suffer leaf damage shaped like a bird’s foot; is not suitable Genus of perennials with sturdy, fleshy
in winter. ‘Atropurpurea’, syn. H. helix for groundcover. ‘Pittsburgh’, syn. rhizomes. Fragrant, showy flowers are
Genus of evergreen, woody-stemmed, ‘Purpurea’, H 12ft (4m), S 8ft (2.5m), has H. helix ‘Hahn’s Self-branching’, H 3ft short-lived, but borne profusely. Grow
trailing perennials and self-clinging dark green leaves that turn deep purple in (1m), S 4ft (1.2m), has mid-green leaves; in sheltered borders and conservatories.
climbers with adventitious rootlets, used winter. var. baltica, syn. H. helix ‘Baltica’, is suitable for growing against a low wall Requires sun and rich, moist soil.
for covering walls and fences and as an exceptionally hardy cultivar, has small and for groundcover. f. poetarum, syn. Propagate by division in spring; should not
groundcover. Takes a year or so to become leaves and makes good groundcover in an H. helix ‘Poetica’, H. helix ‘Poetica be divided when dormant. See also feature
established, but thereafter growth is rapid. exposed area. ‘Baltica’. See H. helix var. Arborea’ (Italian ivy, Poet’s ivy), H 10ft panel p.477.
On the ground and while climbing, mostly baltica. ‘Buttercup’, H 6ft (2m), S 8ft (3m), is slow-growing with large, 5-lobed, H. coccineum (Red ginger lily, Scarlet
bears roughly triangular, usually lobed (2.5m), has light green leaves that turn rich ginger lily). Upright, rhizomatous
leaves. Given extra height and access to butter-yellow in full sun. Z5–11 H11–6. perennial. H and S to 6ft (2m). Has long-
light, leaves become less lobed and, in fall,
umbels of small, yellowish-green flowers

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stalked, narrowly lance-shaped, grayish- HEDYOTIS leaves. In late summer bears sprays of dark (50cm). Bears sprays of daisylike, orange-
green leaves. Bears spikes of short-lived, brown-red flower heads. Z4–8 H8–1. yellow flower heads in late summer–fall.
orange to red flowers, each with a 2-lobed Bluets H. ‘Feuersiegel’, illus. p.248. Clump- Foliage is dark green. Needs regular
lip, in summer. Is very variable, with many forming, erect, bushy perennial. H to 36in division in spring or fall. Z4–8 H8–1.
named forms, some of which are frost RUBIACEAE (100cm) or more, S 18in (45cm). Has lance-
hardy. Z8–10 H10–8. shaped, mid-green leaves. In mid- to late HELIANTHEMUM H
H. coronarium (Garland flower, White Genus of mat-forming, summer-flowering summer produces sprays of rich yellow
ginger lily). Upright, rhizomatous perennials. Prefers shade and moist, sandy flower heads with horizontally held ray Rock rose, Sun rose
perennial. H 5ft (1.5m), S 2–3ft (60cm–1m). leaf mold. Propagate by division in spring florets, marked with an irregular, orange-
Produces dense spikes of very fragrant, or by seed in fall. red band, and central, soft brown discs. CISTACEAE
butterfly-like, white flowers with basal, H. michauxii, syn. Houstonia serpyllifolia, Z4–8 H8–1.
yellow blotches in mid-summer. Lance- illus. p.369. H. ‘Indianersommer’, illus. p.248. Genus of evergreen, spring- to fall-
shaped, mid-green leaves are downy Clump-forming, erect, bushy perennial. flowering shrubs and subshrubs, grown
beneath. Z7–11 H12–6. HEDYSARUM H to 36in (100cm) or more, S 18in (45cm). for their flowers. Is useful for rock gardens
H. densiflorum, illus. p.477. Clump- Has lance-shaped, mid-green leaves. In and dry banks. Needs full sun and well-
forming, rhizomatous perennial. H 4–6ft LEGUMINOSAE/PAPILIONACEAE mid- to late summer bears sprays of dark drained soil. Cut back lightly after
(1.2–2m), S 2ft (60cm). Bears a profusion brownish-red flower heads, aging to flowering. Propagate by semiripe cuttings
of short-lived, fragrant, orange or yellow Genus of perennials, biennials and orange and yellow, and central, greenish- in early summer.
flowers in dense spikes in late summer. deciduous subshrubs. Prefers sun and well- brown discs. Z4–8 H8–1. H. ‘Amy Baring’. Evergreen, spreading
Broadly lance-shaped leaves are glossy, drained soil. Roots resent being disturbed. H. ‘Moerheim Beauty’, illus. p.254. shrub. H 4–6in (10–15cm), S 24in (60cm).
mid-green. Z8–11 H11–8. Propagate by seed in fall or spring. H. PIPSQUEAK (‘Blopip’). Clump-forming, Small, oblong, light gray leaves are hairy
H. flavescens. Upright, rhizomatous H. coronarium, illus. p.235. compact, bushy perennial. H to 2ft (60cm), beneath. In summer bears a succession
perennial. H 3–6ft (1–2m), S 3ft (1m). Lance- S 1ft (30cm). Has lance-shaped, mid-green of saucer-shaped, orange-centered, deep
shaped, mid-green leaves are softly hairy. Heeria. See Heterocentron. leaves. In mid- to late summer produces yellow flowers in loose, terminal clusters.
Produces spikes of short-lived, very Heimerliodendron brunonianum. See sprays of shuttlecock-shaped, yellow flower Z6–8 H8–6.
fragrant, pale to lemon-yellow flowers, Pisonia umbellifera. heads with short, reflexed ray florets and H. apenninum, illus. p.336.
each with a 2-lobed lip, in late fall. Is good large, central, rich brown discs. Z4–8 H8–1. H. ‘Ben Hope’. Evergreen, domed shrub.
in a tub. Z9–11 H12–8. HELENIUM H. ‘Potter’s Wheel’, illus. p.248. Clump- H 9–12in (23–30cm), S 18in (45cm). Bears
H. gardnerianum, illus. p.476. forming, erect, bushy perennial. H to 32in small, linear, gray-green leaves and saucer-
H. gracile. Arching, rhizomatous Sneezeweed (80cm), S 18in (45cm). Has lance-shaped, shaped, carmine-red flowers in mid-
perennial. H 48in (120cm), S 20in (50cm). mid-green leaves. From mid-summer to fall summer. Z6–8 H8–6.
In summer, thin stems bear short-lived, COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE bears sprays of dark red flower heads with H. ‘Ben More’, illus. p.345.
sometimes fragrant, white flowers, each gold-edged ray florets and central, brown H. ‘Ben Nevis’. Evergreen, hummock-
with a narrow, 2-lobed lip, narrow sepals Genus of late summer- and fall-flowering discs. Z4–8 H8–1. forming, compact shrub. H and S 6–9in
and red stamens. Has lance-shaped, mid- perennials, grown for their daisylike flower H. ‘Red Army’, illus. p.248. Clump- (15–23cm). Has small, linear, dark green
green leaves. Requires staking. Is good in heads, each with a prominent, central disc. forming, erect, bushy perennial. H to 36in leaves and, in mid-summer, saucer-shaped,
a raised container or on a bank. Z8–10 Needs full sun and well-drained soil. (90cm), S 18in (45cm). Has lance-shaped, orange flowers with bronze centers. Z6–8
H10–7. Propagate by division in spring or fall. mid-green leaves. From mid-summer to H8–6.
H. horsfieldii, syn. Brachychilum mid-fall produces sprays of reddish-orange H. ‘Fire Dragon’, illus. p.340.
horsfieldii. Clump-forming, tufted T All parts may cause severe discomfort if flower heads, intensifying in color as they H. ‘Golden Queen’. Evergreen, domed,
perennial. H and S to 3ft (1m). Has short- age to dark red, with central, dark brown compact shrub. H 9in (23cm), S 12in (30cm).
stalked, lance-shaped, leathery leaves. ingested; contact with foliage may discs. Z4–8 H8–1. Saucer-shaped, golden-yellow flowers are
Produces showy, tubular, yellow-and- aggravate skin allergies. See also feature H. ‘Riverton Gem’. Erect, bushy produced amid small, linear, dark green
white flowers, in summer, followed by panel p.248. perennial. H 41/2ft (1.4m), S 3ft (1m). Has leaves in mid-summer. Z6–8 H8–6.
orange fruits that open to reveal red H. ‘Biedermeier’. Clump-forming, erect, sprays of red-and-gold flower heads in late H. guttatum. See Tuberaria guttata.
seeds. Z10–12 H12–9. bushy perennial. H 48in (120cm), S 18in summer–fall. Stems are clothed in lance- H. ‘Jubilee’. Evergreen, domed, compact
H. maximum, illus. p.477. Upright, (45cm). Has lance-shaped, mid-green leaves. shaped leaves. Z4–8 H8–1. shrub. H 6–9in (15–23cm), S 9–12in
rhizomatous perennial. H 6–10ft (2–3m), In late summer, erect stems bear sprays of H. ‘Rubinzwerg’, illus. p.248. Clump- (23–30cm). Has small, linear, dark green
S 3ft (1m). Has large, thick stems bearing yellow-tipped, red flower heads with a forming, erect, bushy perennial. H to 39in leaves. Bears saucer-shaped, double, pale
lance-shaped, mid-green leaves. Short- central, dark brown disc. The ray florets (100cm), S 18in (45cm). Has lance-shaped, yellow flowers from spring to late summer.
lived, fragrant, pale yellow flowers, with become reflexed with age. Z4–8 H8–1. mid-green leaves. From mid-summer to fall Z6–8 H8–6.
golden centers and 2-lobed lip, are H. ‘Blopip’. See H. PIPSQUEAK. bears sprays of rich red flower heads with H. oelandicum subsp. alpestre.
produced in fall. Z8–11 H11–8. H. ‘Bressingham Gold’. Erect, bushy reflexed ray florets and central, dark brown Evergreen, open, twiggy shrub. H 3–5in
H. x moorei ‘Tara’, illus. p.220. perennial. H 3ft (1m), S 2ft (60cm). Sturdy discs. Z4–8 H8–1. (7–12cm), S 6in (15cm) or more. Produces
H. stenopetalum, illus. p.477. Upright, stems are clothed in lance-shaped, mid- H. ‘Sahin’s Early Flowerer’. Clump- terminal clusters of 3–6 saucer-shaped,
rhizomatous perennial. H 10–13ft (3–4m), green leaves. Produces sprays of bright forming, erect, bushy perennial. H to 36in bright yellow flowers from early to mid-
S 3ft (1m) or more. Has very large, thick yellow flower heads in late summer–fall. (90cm), S 18in (45cm). Has lance-shaped, summer. Leaves are tiny, oblong and mid-
stems bearing lance-shaped, deep green Z4–8 H8–1. mid-green leaves. From mid-summer until green. Is suitable for growing in a trough.
leaves that are hairy beneath. Short-lived, H. ‘Bruno’, illus. p.248. Erect, bushy the first frosts produces large, bright Z6–8 H8–6.
white flowers, each with a 2-lobed lip, are perennial. H 4ft (1.2m), S 21⁄2ft (75cm). reddish-orange flower heads with long ray H. ‘Raspberry Ripple’. Evergreen,
borne in a spike in late summer and fall. Sprays of deep bronze-red flower heads florets, aging to orange and warm yellow, spreading shrub. H 6–9in (15–23cm),
Is prone to wind damage. Z9–11 H11–8. are borne in late summer–fall. Sturdy stems and central, brown discs. Z4–8 H8–1. S 9–12in (23–30cm). Saucer-shaped, red-
H. thyrsiforme, illus. p.477. Upright, are clothed in lance-shaped leaves. Z4–8 H. ‘The Bishop’. Clump-forming, erect, centered, white flowers are borne in mid-
rhizomatous perennial. H 3–6ft (1–2m), H8–1. bushy perennial. H to 36in (90cm), S 18in summer. Has small, linear, gray-green
S 20in (50cm). Broadly lance-shaped leaves H. ‘Butterpat’, illus. p.248. Compact (45cm). Has lance-shaped, mid-green leaves. Z6–8 H8–6.
are dark green. Small, short-lived, white perennial. H 3ft (1m), S 2ft (60cm). Has leaves. From mid-summer to fall produces H. ‘Rhodanthe Carneum’, syn.
flowers, each with a 2-lobed lip and very sturdy stems clothed in lance-shaped leaves. sprays of yellow flower heads with reflexed H. ‘Wisley Pink’, illus. p.338.
long stamens, are borne in fall–winter. Bears sprays of rich deep yellow flower ray florets and large, central, brown discs. H. umbellatum. See Halimium
Flower spike is wider than tall, which heads in late summer–fall. Z4–8 H8–1. Z4–8 H8–1. umbellatum.
distinguishes it from other species. Z8–11 H. ‘Coppelia’. Clump-forming, erect, H. ‘Waltraut’, illus. p.248. Clump- H. ‘Wisley Pink’. See H. ‘Rhodanthe
H11–7. bushy perennial. H to 32in (80cm), S 18in forming, erect, bushy perennial. H to 36in Carneum’.
H. yunnanense, illus. p.477. Upright, (45cm). Has lance-shaped, mid-green (90cm), S 18in (45cm). Has lance-shaped, H. ‘Wisley Primrose’, illus. p.344.
rhizomatous perennial. H 20–32in leaves. In mid– to late summer bears sprays mid-green leaves. From late summer H. ‘Wisley White’, illus. p.337.
(50–80cm), S 12in (30cm). Has broadly of deep reddish-orange flower heads, produces sprays of copper-orange and
lance-shaped, mid-green leaves. Short- which fade with age, with central, brown yellow flower heads that intensify in color HELIANTHUS 593
lived, fragrant, cream and white flowers, discs. Z4–8 H8–1. as they age; the central disc is brown. Z4–8
each with a 2-lobed lip, are produced in H. ‘Double Trouble’, illus. p.248. Clump- H8–1. Sunflower
summer. Z9–11 H11–8. forming, erect, bushy perennial. H to 32in H. ‘Wyndley’. Bushy perennial with
(80cm), S 18in (45cm). Has lance-shaped, branching stems. H 30in (80cm), S 20in COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE
mid-green leaves. In mid- to late summer
produces sprays of double, bright yellow Genus of summer- and fall-flowering
flower heads with twin layers of ray florets, annuals and perennials, grown for their
held horizontally. Z4–8 H8–1. large, daisylike, usually yellow flower
H. ‘Dunkelpracht’. Clump-forming,
erect, bushy perennial. H to 3ft (1m),
S 18in (45cm). Has lance-shaped, mid-green

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heads. May be invasive. All need sun and open into daisylike, white flower heads H. helianthoides ‘Incomparabilis’ H. corsicus. See H. argutifolius.
well-drained soil; some prefer moist with red-backed petals; they close in dull Upright perennial. H to 5ft (1.5m), S 2ft H. cyclophyllus, illus. p.283.
conditions. Needs staking. Propagate or wet weather. Has basal rosettes of oval, (60cm). Bears daisylike, single, orange H. x ericsmithii. ‘Bob’s Best’ illus. p.255.
by seed or division in fall or spring. hairy, silver leaves. Prefers very gritty soil. flower heads in late summer. Leaves are IVORY PRINCE (‘Walhelivor’) illus. p.256.
Dislikes winter wet. Propagate in spring narrowly oval, coarsely toothed and mid- H. foetidus, illus. p.283. Wester Flisk
T Contact with the foliage may aggravate by rooting single rosettes. Z7–10 H10–7. green. Z4–9 H9–1. ‘Patula’ bears flattish, Group illus. p.283.
H. petiolare, syn. H. petiolatum (Licorice semidouble, orange-yellow flower heads. H. x hybridus (Lenten rose). Evergreen,
skin allergies. plant). Evergreen shrub. H 20in (50cm), S 6ft Z4–9 H9–1. subsp. scabra, syn. H. scabra clump-forming perennial. H and S 18in
H. annuus (Sunflower). Fast-growing, (2m). Forms mounds of silver-green shoots has very rough stems and leaves and (45cm). Has dense, divided foliage, above
erect annual. H 3–10ft (1–3m) or more, and oval to heart-shaped, gray-felted double, orange-yellow flower heads. which rise nodding, cup-shaped, white,
S 12–18in (30–45cm). Has oval, serrated, leaves. Has daisylike, creamy-yellow flower subsp. scabra ‘Light of Loddon’, syn. pink or purple flowers, sometimes darker
mid-green leaves. Daisylike, brown- or heads in summer. Is often grown as an H. ‘Light of Loddon’ illus. p.220. spotted, in winter or early spring. Z6–9
purplish-centered, yellow flower heads, annual for groundcover and edging. Z11–15 H. ‘Light of Loddon’. See H. H9–6. There is a range of single and
12in (30cm) or more wide, are produced H12–10. ‘Limelight’ has lime-yellow helianthoides subsp. scabra‘ Light of double-flowered cultivars available in
in summer. Tall, intermediate and dwarf leaves. Z10–11 H12–1. ‘Variegatum’ illus. Loddon’. various colors, including the following:
cultivars are available. H12–1. ‘Music p.165. H. scabra. See H. helianthoides subsp. double, plum; double, slate; double,
Box’, illus. p.322. ‘Russian Giant’ (tall) , H. petiolatum of gardens. See scabra. white; double, white with spots; single,
H 10ft (3m) or more, produces yellow H. petiolare. apricot; single, green; single, red; single,
flower heads with green-brown centers. H. rosmarinifolium. See Ozothamnus Heliosperma alpestre. See Silene white with spots; single, yellow; single,
‘Teddy Bear’, illus. p.322. rosmarinifolius. alpestris. yellow with spots (all illus. p.281).
H. debilis subsp. cucumerifolius H. ‘Schwefellicht’, syn. H. ‘Sulphur Ashwood Garden hybrids (double,
‘Italian White’. Erect perennial. H 4ft Light’, illus. p.275. HELIOTROPIUM black; double, pink; both illus. p.281).
(1.2m), S 11/2 –2ft (45–60cm). In summer has H. selago. See Ozothamnus selago. Bradfield hybrids (double, apricot with
large, black-centered, creamy-white flower H. serotinum. See H. italicum subsp. Heliotrope spots, illus. p. 281). Harvington hybrids
heads. Purple-mottled stems bear coarsely serotinum. (double, apricot; single, white; both
hairy, sharply toothed, glossy, mid-green H. splendidum. Evergreen, bushy, dense BORAGINACEAE illus. p.281).
leaves. H12–1. shrub. H and S 4ft (1.2m). Woolly, white H. lividus. Evergreen, clump-forming
H. ‘Lemon Queen’, illus. p.222. shoots are clothed in small, oblong, silvery- Genus of annuals, evergreen subshrubs perennial. H and S 18in (45cm). Has
H. ‘Monarch’. Erect perennial. H 7ft gray leaves. Small, oblong, bright yellow and shrubs, grown for their fragrant 3-parted, mid-green leaves, marbled
(2.2m), S 3ft (1m). Bears terminal, daisylike, flower heads are produced in clusters flowers. Needs full sun and fertile, well- pale green, purplish-green below, with
semidouble, golden-yellow flower heads on from mid-summer to fall or sometimes drained soil. Water container plants freely obliquely oval, slightly toothed or entire
branching stems in late summer. Has lance- into winter. Z9–11 H12–9. when in full growth, moderately at other leaflets. Produces large clusters of cup-
shaped, coarse, mid-green leaves. Replant H. ‘Sulphur Light’. See times. In spring, tip prune young plants to shaped, purple-suffused, yellow-green
each spring to keep in check. Z5–9 H9–3. H. ‘Schwefellicht’. promote a bushy habit and cut leggy, older flowers in late winter. Z8–9 H9–8. subsp.
H. x multiflorus. Upright perennial. plants back hard. Propagate by seed in corsicus. See H. argutifolius.
H 5ft (1.5m), S 2ft (60cm). Has large, yellow HELICONIA spring, by greenwood cuttings in summer H. niger (Christmas rose). Evergreen,
flower heads, with double centers or by semiripe cuttings in early fall. clump-forming perennial. H and S 12in
surrounded by larger, rayed segments, HELICONIACEAE/MUSACEAE H. arborescens, syn. H. peruvianum, illus. (30cm). Has divided, deep green leaves
in late summer and early fall. Leaves are p.310. and cup-shaped, nodding, white flowers,
lance-shaped, coarse and mid-green. Z5–9 Genus of tufted perennials, evergreen in H. peruvianum. See H. arborescens. with golden stamens, borne in winter or
H9–5. ‘Capenoch Star’, H 4ft (1.2m), has warm climates, grown for their spikes early spring. Z4–8 H9–1. ‘HGC Josef
of colorful flowers and for the attractive Helipterum manglesii. See Rhodanthe Lemper’ illus. p.281. ‘Potter’s Wheel’
H lemon-yellow flower heads. ‘Loddon foliage on younger plants. Needs partial manglesii. illus. p.281.
shade and rich, well-drained soil. Water Helipterum roseum. See Rhodanthe H. x nigercors, illus. p.281.
Gold’ illus. p.222. generously in growing season, very chlorocephala subsp. rosea. H. odorus, illus. p.283.
H. orgyalis. See H. salicifolius. sparingly when plants die down in winter. H. orientalis subsp. abchasicus Early
H. salicifolius, syn. H. orgyalis, illus. Propagate by seed or division of rootstock HELLEBORUS Purple Group, syn. H. atrorubens.
p.222. in spring. Clump-forming perennial. H and S 1ft
H. metallica. Tufted perennial. H to 10ft Hellebore (30cm). Shallowly cup-shaped, deep purple
594 HELICHRYSUM (3m), S 3ft (1m). Oblong, long-stalked flowers are borne in late winter. Has
leaves, to 2ft (60cm) long, are velvety-green RANUNCULACEAE palmate, deeply divided, toothed, glossy,
COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE above with paler veins, sometimes purple dark green leaves. Z4–8 H8–3.
below. In summer, mature plants bear erect Genus of perennials, some of which are H. purpurascens, illus. p.260.
Genus of summer- and fall-flowering stems with tubular, glossy, greenish-white- evergreen, grown for their winter and H. x sternii, illus. p.262. ‘Boughton
perennials, annuals and evergreen tipped, red flowers enclosed in narrow, spring flowers. Most deciduous species Beauty’ illus. p.283.
subshrubs and shrubs. When dried, flower boat-shaped, green bracts. Z12–14 H12–10. retain their old leaves over winter. These H. thibetanus, illus. p.256.
heads are “everlasting”. Needs sun and H. psittacorum, illus. p.478. should be cut off in early spring as flower H. viridis (Green hellebore). Deciduous,
well-drained soil. Propagate shrubs and buds develop. Is excellent in woodlands. clump-forming perennial. H and S 12in
subshrubs by heel or semiripe cuttings in HELICTOTRICHON Prefers partial shade and moist but well- (30cm). Has divided, dark green leaves and
summer, perennials by division or seed drained soil. Propagate by seed when cup-shaped, green flowers in late winter or
in spring, annuals by seed in spring. Blue oat grass fresh or by division in fall or very early early spring. Z6–9 H9–6.
H. angustifolium. See H. italicum. spring. Is prone to aphid attack in early
H. bellidioides. See Anaphalioides GRAMINEAE/POACEAE HELONIAS
bellidioides. summer. T All parts may cause severe
H. coralloides. See Ozothamnus See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES LILIACEAE/MELIANTHACEAE
coralloides. and SEDGES. discomfort if ingested, and the sap may
H. italicum, syn. H. angustifolium (Curry H. sempervirens, syn. Avena candida, irritate skin on contact. See also feature Genus of one species of spring-flowering
plant). Evergreen, bushy subshrub. H 2ft Avena sempervirens, illus. p.288. panel p.281. perennial. Is excellent when grown in
(60cm), S 3ft (1m). Has linear, aromatic, H. argutifolius, syn. H. corsicus, H. bog gardens. Requires an open,
silvery-gray leaves. Broad clusters of small, HELIOPSIS lividus subsp. corsicus (Corsican hellebore). sunny position and moist to wet soil.
oblong, bright yellow flower heads are Evergreen, clump-forming perennial. Propagate by division in spring or by
produced on long, upright, white shoots in COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE H 24in (60cm), S 18in (45cm). Has divided, seed in fall.
summer. Dislikes winter wet and cold spiny, dark green leaves. Cup-shaped, pale H. bullata (Swamp pink). Rosetted, clump-
climates. Z7–11 H12–1. subsp. serotinum, Genus of summer-flowering perennials. green flowers are borne in large clusters in forming perennial. H 15–18in (38–45cm),
syn. H. serotinum (Curry plant) is dome- Requires sun and well-drained soil. winter–spring. Z6–9 H9–6. ‘Pacific Frost’, S 12in (30cm). Produces rosettes of strap-
shaped; stems and oval leaves are densely Propagate by seed or division in fall or illus. p.262. ‘Silver Lace’, illus. p.262. shaped, fresh green leaves, above which
felted with white hairs. Z7–10 H10–7. spring. H. atrorubens of gardens. See H. dense racemes of small, fragrant, star-
H. ledifolium. See Ozothamnus ledifolius. H. ‘Ballet Dancer’. Upright perennial. orientalis subsp. abchasicusEarly Purple shaped, pinkish-purple flowers are borne
H. marginatum of gardens. See H. H 3–4ft (1–1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). Flowers Group. in spring. Z5–9 H9–5.
milfordiae. freely in late summer, bearing double, H. x ballardiae ‘December Dawn’.
H. milfordiae, syn. H. marginatum. yellow flower heads with frilled petals. Clump-forming perennial with deep bluish-
Evergreen, mat-forming, dense subshrub. Dark green leaves are coarse and serrated. green leaves. H to 14in (35cm), S 12in
H 2in (5cm), S 9in (23cm). On sunny days Z4–9 H9–1. (30cm). From mid-winter to early spring
in early summer, large, conical, red buds bears saucer-shaped, white flowers, flushed
pinkish-purple, maturing to a dull metallic
purple. Z6–9 H9–6.

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HELONIOPSIS reddish-black flowers, with green throats, (60cm). Funnel-shaped flowers, with green shaped, golden-yellow flowers, with a H
from mid-summer to early fall. Z3–10 throats, are produced from mid-summer to brown reverse, lasting only a day, from
LILIACEAE/MELANTHIACEAE H11–2. early fall. early to mid-summer. Z3–10 H11–2. 595
H. ‘Bonanza’, illus. p.245. Vigorous, H. citrina, illus. p.245. Vigorous, coarse- H. ‘Golden Prize’. Vigorous, deciduous,
Genus of spring-flowering, rosette-forming deciduous or semievergreen, clump- leaved, clump-forming perennial. H and clump-forming perennial. H 26–28in
perennials. Needs partial shade and moist forming perennial. H 3ft (1m), S 28in S 21/2ft (75cm). Many large, very fragrant, (65–70cm), S 16–20in (40–50cm). Produces
soil. Propagate by division in fall or by seed (70cm). Produces open, star-like, bright trumpet-shaped, rich lemon-yellow flowers large, rounded, golden-yellow flowers in
in fall or spring. yellow flowers, with strongly red-marked are produced at night in mid-summer; each mid- and late summer. Z3–10 H12–2.
H. orientalis, illus. p.256. centers, in mid-summer. Z3–10 H11–2. lasts one day. Z3–10 H11–2. H. ‘Grape Velvet’. Deciduous, clump-
H. ‘Brocaded Gown’. Semievergreen, H. ‘Corky’. Clump-forming perennial. forming perennial. H 20in (50cm), S 24in
HELWINGIA clump-forming perennial. H and S to 2ft H and S 18in (45cm). Bears trumpet- (60cm). From early to late summer
(60cm). In summer has rounded, ruffled, shaped, lemon-yellow flowers, brown on produces funnel-shaped flowers, each with
HELWINGIACEAE creamy-yellow flowers. Z3–10 H12–2. outsides, in late spring and early summer. rather pointed, deep wine-red petals, a
H. ‘Burning Daylight’, illus. p.245. Flowers, borne prolifically, last only a day. central, paler stripe and a yellow-green
Genus of deciduous shrubs, bearing Robust, deciduous or semievergreen, Z3–10 H11–2. throat. Z3–10 H12–2.
flowers and showy fruits directly on leaf clump-forming perennial. H 21/2ft (75cm), H. ‘Cream Drop’, illus. p.245. Robust, H. ‘Green Flutter’, illus. p.245.
surfaces, grown mainly for botanical S 2ft (60cm). Produces orange-brown deciduous or semievergreen, clump- Semievergreen, clump-forming perennial.
interest. Requires separate male and female flowers, with paler midribs and red marks forming perennial. H 24in (60cm), S 18in H 20in (50cm), S 16in (40cm). Produces
plants in order to produce fruits. Needs sun around throat bases, over a long period (45cm). In mid-summer produces masses of star-shaped, ruffled, canary-
or partial shade and moist soil. Propagate in summer. Z3–10 H11–2. numerous, scented, well-formed, creamy- yellow flowers, with bright green throats,
by softwood cuttings in summer. H. ‘Canadian Border Patrol’, illus. yellow flowers, with slightly ruffled in late summer and early fall. Z3–10 H11–2.
H. japonica. Deciduous, bushy, open p.244. Vigorous, semievergreen, clump- margins. Z3–10 H11–2. H. ‘Happy Returns’. Deciduous, clump-
shrub. H and S 5ft (1.5m). Oval, bright forming perennial. H 26in (65cm), S 24in H. ‘Crimson Pirate’. Vigorous, forming perennial. H 16in (40cm), S 24in
green leaves have bristly teeth. In early (60cm). Produces masses of funnel-shaped, deciduous, clump-forming perennial. (60cm). Bears small, fragrant, rounded
summer has tiny, star-shaped, green cream flowers, with purple throats, from H 30in (75cm), S 20in (50cm). Produces flowers from early to late summer. Z3–10
flowers at center of each leaf, followed by mid-summer to early fall. Z3–10 H11–2. open, star-shaped, bright crimson-red H12–2.
spherical, black fruits. Z4–9 H9–4. H. ‘Cartwheels’, illus. p.245. Deciduous, flowers, with paler midribs, in mid- and H. ‘Helle Berlinerin’. Evergreen, clump-
clump-forming perennial. H 30in (75cm), late summer. Z3–10 H12–2. forming perennial. H 30in (75cm), S 32in
Helxine soleirolii. See Soleirolia S 24in (60cm). In mid-summer has trumpet- H. ‘Custard Candy’. Vigorous, (80cm). Has rounded flowers, with a faint
soleirolii. shaped, broad, deep yellow to orange deciduous, clump-forming perennial. apricot blush and yellow throats, borne
flowers, with small, green throats and H 24in (60cm), S 16in (40cm). In early and on unusually strong stems in mid-summer.
HEMEROCALLIS widely spreading petals. Z3–10 H11–2. mid-summer produces an abundance of Z3–10 H12–2.
H. ‘Cathy’s Sunset’, illus. p.245. rounded, creamy-yellow flowers, each with H. ‘Hyperion’. Clump-forming perennial.
Daylily Deciduous, clump-forming perennial. a feathered band around greenish-yellow H and S 3ft (90cm). In mid-summer has
H 24in (60cm), S 20in (50cm). From mid- eye. Z3–10 H12–2. very fragrant, lily-like, pale lemon-yellow
LILIACEAE/HEMEROCALLIDACEAE summer to early fall bears small, funnel- H. dumortieri, illus. p.245. Compact, flowers. Z3–10 H12–2.
shaped flowers each with 3 yellow-striped, clump-forming perennial. H 11/2ft (45cm), H. ‘Joan Senior’, illus. p.244. Vigorous,
Genus of perennials, some of which are brick-red, inner petals and 3 yellow, outer S 2ft (60cm). In early summer produces semievergreen, clump-forming perennial.
semievergreen or evergreen. Flowers, petals. Z3–10 H11–2. fragrant, trumpet-shaped, brown-backed, H 25in (63cm), S 3ft (1m). Open trumpet-
borne in succession, each last for only a H. ‘Cat’s Cradle’. Semievergreen, clump- golden-yellow flowers. Mid-green leaves shaped, almost pure white flowers are
day. Prefers full sun and fertile, moist soil. forming perennial. H 3ft (1m), S 21/2ft are strap-shaped, stiff and coarse. Z3–10 produced on well-branched stems from
Propagate by division in fall or spring. (75cm). In summer produces large, spider- H11–2. mid- to late summer. Z3–10 H11–2.
Cultivars raised from seed will not come shaped, bright yellow flowers. Z3–10 H. ‘Ed Murray’. Vigorous, free-flowering, H. ‘Jolyene Nichole’. Semievergreen,
true to type; species may come true if H12–2. deciduous or semievergreen, clump- clump-forming perennial. H and S 20in
grown in isolation from other daylilies. H. ‘Cherry Cheeks’, illus. p.244. forming perennial. H 26–28in (65–70cm), (50cm). Bears rounded, ruffled, rose-pink
Slug and snail control is essential in early Vigorous, deciduous or semievergreen, S 20in (50cm). Has rounded, ruffled, deep flowers amid lush, blue-green leaves.
spring when young foliage appears. See clump-forming perennial. H 32in (80cm), maroon-red flowers, with yellowish-green Z3–10 H11–2.
also feature panel pp.244–5. S 20in (50cm). Produces bright cherry-red throats, in early and mid-summer. Z3–10 H. ‘Lady Fingers’. Semievergreen,
H. ‘Always Afternoon’, illus. p.244. flowers, with white midribs, over a long H12–2. clump-forming perennial with narrow
Robust, semievergreen, clump-forming period in summer. Z3–10 H11–2. H. ‘Eenie Weenie’. Clump-forming leaves. H 32in (80cm), S 30in (75cm). In mid-
perennial. H 22in (55cm), S to 30in (75cm). H. ‘Chicago Apache’. Very vigorous, perennial. H and S 1ft (30cm). Has masses summer bears spider-shaped, pale yellow-
In summer and again in fall produces deciduous, clump-forming perennial. of clear yellow flowers in early summer. green flowers with green throats and
rounded, slightly ruffled, lavender-mauve H 26in (65cm), S 20in (50cm). Funnel- Z3–10 H12–2. spoon-shaped petals. Z3–10 H12–2.
flowers, each with a dark purple band shaped, ruffled, rich scarlet flowers, with H. flava. See H. lilioasphodelus. H. ‘Lark Song’. Vigorous, deciduous,
above yellow-green throat. Z3–10 H11–2. white midribs, lemon-green throats and H. ‘Frans Hals’, illus. p.245. Strong- clump-forming perennial. H 32–36in
H. ‘Arctic Snow’. Deciduous, clump- black anthers, are borne above prolific growing, free-flowering, deciduous, clump- (80–90cm), S 24in (60cm). Has fragrant,
forming perennial. H 22in (55cm), S 20in leaves in summer. Is very adaptable. Z3–10 forming perennial. H 24in (60cm), S 16in open bowl-shaped, bright pale yellow
(50cm). Produces huge, funnel-shaped, H12–2. (40cm). In mid- and late summer bears flowers, on blackish stems, in mid- and late
ivory-white flowers, with green throats and H. ‘Chicago Sunrise’, illus. p.245. open, star-shaped flowers, with yellow summer. Z3–10 H12–2.
black anthers, from mid-summer to early Vigorous, clump-forming perennial. H 28in outer petals and three cinnamon-red inner H. ‘Lemon Bells’, illus. p.245. Evergreen,
fall. Z3–10 H12–2. (70cm), S 34in (85cm). Very rounded, petals with yellow midribs. Z3–10 H11–2. clump-forming perennial. H 34in (85cm),
H. aurantiaca. Robust, semievergreen slightly ruffled, rich yellow flowers, with H. fulva (Tawny daylily), illus. p.245. S 24in (60cm). Produces prolific sprays of
perennial, spreading freely from faint bronze bands and darker throats, are Vigorous, clump-forming perennial. H 3ft small, orange-yellow flowers, with green-
underground runners. H 3ft (90cm), S 3ft borne in summer. Z3–10 H11–2. (1m), S 21/2ft (75cm). Trumpet-shaped, tinted throats, in mid-summer. Z3–10
(1m) or more. Produces numerous funnel- H. ‘Children’s Festival’. Deciduous, tawny-orange flowers are produced from H11–2.
shaped, burnt-orange flowers, with clump-forming perennial. H 22in (55cm), mid- to late summer above a mound of H. lilioasphodelus, syn. H. flava, illus.
yellowish midribs, over a long period in S 20in (50cm). Unusually thick petals form strap-shaped, light green leaves. Z3–10 p.245. Robust, clump-forming, spreading
summer. Z3–10 H12–2. funnel-shaped flowers, with rosy tints and H11–2. ‘Flore Pleno’ (illus. p.245), H 30in perennial. H and S 2ft (60cm) or more.
H. ‘Berlin Red’. Vigorous, deciduous or apricot throats, from mid-summer to early (75cm), has double flowers with dark red Very fragrant, delicate, lemon- to
semievergreen, clump-forming perennial. fall. Z3–10 H12–2. eyes. ‘Kwanzo Variegated’ has leaves chrome-yellow flowers, lasting only 1 or 2
H 28–36in (70–90cm), S 24in (60cm). In mid- H. ‘Chorus Line’. Extended-blooming, variably marked with white. Z3–10 H12–2. days, are borne in late spring and early
summer produces open, rounded, rich semievergreen, clump-forming perennial. H. ‘Gentle Shepherd’. Semievergreen, summer. Strap-shaped leaves are mid-
velvety-red flowers with a blackish-red H 20in (50cm), S 24in (60cm). Produces clump-forming perennial. H 28in (70cm), green. Z3–10 H11–2.
bloom at the margins and yellow midribs remontant, triangular, slightly fragrant, S 24in (60cm). In early and mid-summer H. ‘Little Grapette’, illus. p.245. Free-
and throats. Z3–10 H12–2. bright pink flowers, with pink- and yellow- has ruffled, white flowers, with green flowering, deciduous, clump-forming
H. ‘Betty Woods’. Robust, evergreen, marked petals and dark green throats, from throats. Z3–10 H12–2. perennial. H 18in (45cm), S 12in (30cm).
clump-forming perennial. H 26in (65cm), early to mid-summer. Z3–10 H12–2. H. ‘Golden Chimes’, illus. p.245. Clump- Has lightly ruffled, wine-purple flowers,
S 24in (60cm). Large, peony-like, yellow H. ‘Christmas Is’. Vigorous, deciduous, forming perennial. H 21/2ft (75cm), S 2ft with yellow throats, in mid- and late
flowers are borne in mid- and late summer. clump-forming perennial. H and S 24in (60cm). Bears small, delicate, trumpet- summer. Z3–10 H11–2.
Z3–10 H12–2.
H. ‘Black Magic’, illus. p.245. Deciduous,
clump-forming perennial. H and S 36in
(90cm). Has star-shaped, pale-edged, dark

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H H. ‘Little Wine Cup’, illus. p.245. perennial. H 3ft (1m), S 24–28in (60–70cm). (50cm). In early and mid-summer bears and deep, rich, moist soil. Sturdy, much-
Vigorous, deciduous, clump-forming Produces masses of rich salmon-pink bright apricot-pink flowers, with red branched rootstock resents disturbance.
596 perennial. H 18in (45cm), S 12in (30cm). flowers in summer. Z3–10 H11–2. picotee margins and ruby-red marks Propagate by seed when fresh or by
Produces masses of lightly ruffled, wine- H. ‘Prairie Blue Eyes’, illus. p.244. around yellowish throats. Z3–10 H12–2. division or removing sideshoots in spring.
red flowers, with paler midribs and yellow- Semievergreen, clump-forming perennial. H. ‘Strutter’s Ball’. Deciduous, clump- H. angulosa. See H. transsilvanica.
green throats, in early and mid-summer. H 32in (80cm), S 36in (90cm). In mid- forming perennial. H and S 24in (60cm). H. x media ‘Ballardii’. Slow-growing,
Z3–10 H11–2. summer produces lavender flowers, Has funnel-shaped, rich deep, blue-purple dome-shaped perennial. H 4in (10cm),
H. ‘Luxury Lace’, illus. p.244. Vigorous, banded with blue-purple, that have green flowers, each with a silvery zone above S 12in (30cm). Has rounded, 3-lobed,
deciduous, clump-forming perennial. throats. Z3–10 H11–2. small, lemon-yellow throat, from mid- stalked, soft green leaves and, in early
H 30in (75cm), S 16in (40cm). Has fragrant, H. ‘Real Wind’. Vigorous, free-flowering, summer to early fall. Z3–10 H12–2. spring, shallowly cup-shaped, many-
funnel-shaped, vibrant orange flowers, evergreen, clump-forming perennial with H. ‘Summer Wine’, illus. p.244. Strong- petaled, intense blue flowers. Fully double,
with dark green throats, from mid-summer dense foliage. H 26in (65cm), S 3ft (1m). growing, deciduous, clump-forming colored forms are also known. Propagate
to early fall. Z3–10 H11–2. Produces triangular to rounded, pale buff perennial. H 24in (60cm), S 18in (45cm). only by division. Z3–8 H8–1.
H. ‘Mallard’. Deciduous, clump-forming to salmon-pink flowers, with bold rose- In early and mid-summer bears open, H. nobilis, syn. H. triloba, Anemone
perennial. H and S 24in (60cm). Produces pink eyes, from mid- to late summer. Z3–10 soft purple flowers, with yellowish-green hepatica. Slow-growing, semievergreen,
funnel-shaped flowers, with a slender, H12–2. throats and very pale purple to white dome-shaped perennial. H 3in (8cm),
central, pale stripe on each petal, from mid- H. ‘Red Precious’, illus. p.235. midribs. Broad inner petals are slightly S 4–5in (10–12cm). Bears rounded, 3-lobed,
summer to early fall. Z3–10 H12–2. H. ‘Rose Emily’. Semievergreen, clump- ruffled. Z3–10 H11–2. fleshy, mid-green leaves. Shallowly cup-
H. ‘Marion Vaughn’. Clump-forming forming perennial. H and S 18in (45cm). H. ‘Super Purple’. Clump-forming shaped, many-petaled flowers—white
perennial. H 3ft (1m), S 2ft (60cm). Produces In mid-summer bears rounded, rose-pink perennial. H 27in (68cm), S 26in (65cm). through pink to carmine, pale to deep blue
fragrant, trumpet-shaped, green-throated, flowers with ruffled margined petals and Bears rounded, ruffled, velvety, red-purple or purple—are produced in early spring.
pale lemon-yellow flowers, in late summer, pale green throats. Z3–10 H12–2. flowers, with lime-green throats, in mid- Fully double, colored forms are also
each lasting only a day. Each petal has a H. ‘Ruffled Apricot’. Slow-growing, summer. Z3–10 H12–2. known. Is excellent in a woodland or rock
raised, near-white midrib. Z3–10 H12–2. clump-forming perennial. In mid-summer H. ‘Whichford’, illus. p.245. Deciduous, garden. Z5–8 H8–4. var. japonica illus.
H. ‘Mauna Loa’, illus. p.245. Vigorous, produces large, deep apricot flowers with clump-forming perennial. H 28in (70cm), p.355.
free-flowering, evergreen, clump-forming lavender-pink midribs and ruffled petal S 20in (50cm). Fragrant, slightly star- H. transsilvanica, syn. H. angulosa.
perennial. H 22in (55cm), S 3ft (1m). margins. Z3–10 H12–2. shaped, green-budded, clear lemon-yellow Semievergreen, spreading perennial. H 3in
Produces rounded, bright tangerine- H. ‘Scarlet Oak’. Vigorous, flowers, with green throats, are borne on (8cm), S 8in (20cm). Shallowly cup-shaped,
orange flowers, with chartreuse throats semievergreen, clump-forming perennial. sturdy stems from mid-summer. Z3–10 many-petaled flowers, varying from blue to
and black anthers, in mid- to late summer. H 31/2ft (1.1m), S 24–28in (60–70cm). In mid- H11–2. white or pink, are produced in early spring
Z3–10 H11–2. and late summer has open rounded, scarlet H. ‘White Temptation’. Semievergreen, amid rounded, 3-lobed, hairy, green leaves.
H. ‘Michele Coe’. Vigorous, evergreen or flowers, with white midribs. Z3–10. clump-forming perennial. H 30in (75cm), Fully double, colored forms are also
semievergreen, clump-forming perennial. H. ‘Scarlet Orbit’. Semievergreen, S 26in (65cm). Funnel-shaped, white known. Z5–8 H8–5.
H 28in (70cm), S 34in (85cm). In mid- clump-forming perennial. H 20in (50cm), flowers, with slightly crinkled edges and H. triloba. See H. nobilis.
summer has rounded, pale apricot flowers S 26in (65cm). Scarlet flowers, with green green throats, are produced from mid-
with light lavender-pink midribs. Z3–10 throats, open flat in mid-summer. Z3–10 summer to early fall. Z3–10 H12–2. HERBERTIA
H12–2. H12–2.
H. ‘Millie Schlumpf’. Vigorous, free- H. ‘Siloam Baby Talk’, illus. p.244. HEMIGRAPHIS IRIDACEAE
flowering, evergreen, clump-forming Vigorous, free-flowering, deciduous,
perennial. H 20in (50cm), S 24in (60cm). clump-forming perennial. H 14–16in ACANTHACEAE Genus of spring-flowering bulbs, grown
Triangular to rounded, pale pink flowers, (35–40cm), S 8–10in (20–25cm). Has mainly for their iris-like flowers. Requires
with deeper pink bands and green throats, rounded, ruffled-margined, creamy-pink Genus of annuals and evergreen full sun and well-drained soil. Reduce
are borne from early to mid-summer. flowers, with pale purple bands above perennials, usually grown for their foliage. watering when bulb dies down after
Z3–10 H12–2. bright green throats, in mid-summer. Prefers bright but not direct sunlight flowering. Propagate by seed in fall.
H. minor (Grass-leaved daylily). Compact, Z3–10 H11–2. and moist but well-drained soil. Water H. pulchella. Spring-flowering bulb.
clump-forming perennial. H 16in (40cm), H. ‘Siloam Ethel Smith’. Evergreen, frequently in growing season, less in H 4–6in (10–15cm), S 11/4 –2in (3–5cm).
S 18in (45cm). In early summer bears clump-forming perennial. H 20in (50cm), winter. Regularly cut back straggly stems Leaves are narrowly lance-shaped, pleated,
fragrant, trumpet-shaped, lemon-yellow S 18in (45cm). In mid-summer bears masses to tidy. Propagate by stem cuttings in erect and basal. Bears a succession of
flowers, with tawny-backed, outer petals. of rounded, creamy-beige flowers, with spring or summer. upward-facing, violet-blue flowers, 2–21/2in
Has narrowly strap-shaped, mid-green triangular, red, yellow and olive-green H. repanda, illus. p.473. (5–6cm) wide and usually with dark-spotted
leaves that die back in early fall. Z3–10 eyes. Z3–10 centers. Z10–11 H12–10.
H12–2. H. ‘Siloam Virginia Henson’. Clump- HEMIORCHIS
H. ‘Missenden’, illus. p.245. Vigorous, forming perennial. H 18in (45cm), S 26in HERMANNIA
deciduous, clump-forming perennial. (65cm). In early summer bears rounded, ZINGIBERACEAE
H 31/2ft (1.1m), S 24–28in (60–70cm). In mid- ruffled, creamy-pink flowers banded with STERCULIACEAE/MALVACEAE
summer has large, funnel-shaped, rich rose-pink and with green throats. Z3–10 Genus of herbaceous, rhizomatous
velvety-red flowers with a velvety, black H12–2. perennials, grown for their orchid-like Genus of evergreen subshrubs and shrubs,
sheen and yellow midribs. Z3–10 H11–2. H. ‘Solano Bulls Eye’. Vigorous, free- flowers, which emerge above ground grown mainly for their flowers. Prefers
H. ‘Neyron Rose’, illus. p.244. Vigorous, flowering, evergreen, clump-forming before the leaves. Needs shade and rich, full light and fertile, well-drained soil.
deciduous, clump-forming perennial. perennial. H 20in (50cm), S 30in (75cm). moist but well-drained soil. Is more Water container plants freely when in
H 3ft (1m), S 24–28in (60–70cm). In early Produces rounded, bright yellow flowers, tolerant of winter wet than most gingers, full growth, moderately at other times.
and mid-summer has pink-suffused, with deep brownish-purple eyes, over a so water occasionally during dormancy. Tip prune young plants to produce well-
orange-brown flowers, with white long period from early to late summer. Propagate by division of the rhizome in branched specimens. Propagate by
midribs. Z3–10 H11–2. Z3–10 H12–2. early spring. softwood or greenwood cuttings in late
H. ‘Night Beacon’, illus. p.244. H. ‘Stafford’, illus. p.245. Vigorous, H. patlingii. Herbaceous, rhizomatous spring or summer.
Evergreen, clump-forming perennial. evergreen, clump-forming perennial. perennial. H and S 12in (30cm). Stem, 4–6in H. candicans. See H. incana.
H 28in (70cm), S 30in (75cm). In early and H 28in (70cm), S 3ft (1m). In mid-summer (10–15cm) long, produces up to 20 flowers, H. incana, syn. H. candicans. Evergreen,
mid-summer produces rounded, very dark bears masses of star-shaped, scarlet opening in succession in spring, each with bushy subshrub. H and S 24in (60cm)
burgundy-black flowers, with black-purple flowers with yellow midribs and throats. 3 pale brown outer lobes surrounding a or more. Oval to oblong leaves are
bands, lemon-green throats and pearl- Z3–10 H11–2. deep red-veined, golden-yellow inner lobe. covered with white down beneath.
white midribs. Z3–10 H11–2. H. ‘Stoke Poges’, illus. p.244. Deciduous, Has broadly lance-shaped, glossy, mid- Produces small, nodding, bell-shaped,
H. ‘Pardon Me’, illus. p.244. Deciduous, clump-forming perennial. H 28in (70cm), green leaves, to 6in (15cm) long. Z3–10 bright yellow flowers, in terminal
clump-forming perennial. H 18in (45cm), S 20in (50cm). In mid-summer has fragrant, H12–2. clusters, to 6in (15cm) long, in spring–
S 24in (60cm). Small, fragrant, funnel- funnel-shaped, salmon-pink flowers, with summer. Z12–15 H12–10.
shaped, bright burgundy-red flowers, with reflexed petal tips and a deep pink zone HEPATICA
greenish-yellow throats, are borne from around each golden throat. Z3–10 H11–2. HERMODACTYLUS
mid-summer to early fall. Z3–10 H11–2. H. ‘Strawberry Candy’. Robust, RANUNCULACEAE
H. ‘Pink Damask’, illus. p.244. Vigorous, deciduous or semievergreen, clump- IRIDACEAE
deciduous, free-flowering, clump-forming forming perennial. H 30in (75cm), S 20in Genus of very variable perennials, some
of which are semievergreen. Flowers are Genus of one species of spring-flowering
produced in early spring before new leaves tubers, with elongated, finger-like
are properly formed. Needs partial shade rootstock, grown mainly for its iris-like

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flowers. Requires a hot, sunny site, where HETEROCENTRON (25–30cm), S to 12in (30cm). Has rounded, (30–40cm), S 12in (30cm). Has rounded, H
tubers will ripen well in summer, and lobed, rather ruffled, maroon-brown lobed, silvery-white-marbled, pale orange
well-drained soil. Grows particularly SYN. HEERIA leaves. In summer produces loose sprays leaves. In summer produces loose sprays 597
successfully on hot, chalky soils. Propagate of small, pendent, bell-shaped, rose-pink of small, pendent, bell-shaped, creamy-pink
by division in late summer. MELASTOMATACEAE flowers. Z3–8 H8–1. flowers. Z3–8 H8–1.
H. tuberosus, syn. Iris tuberosa, illus. H. ‘Can-can’, illus. p.282. Vigorous, H. ‘Green Spice’, illus. p.282. Evergreen,
p.406. Genus of evergreen, summer- and fall- evergreen, clump-forming perennial. H and clump-forming perennial. H 8–12in
flowering perennials and shrubs. Requires S 20in (50cm). Rounded, lobed, ruffled, (20–30cm), S 12in (30cm). Rounded, lobed,
HESPERALOE sun and well-drained soil. Propagate by dark-veined, silver-gray leaves are rich silvery-green leaves have dark purple veins
softwood or stem-tip cuttings in late winter wine-red beneath; leaves turn pinkish with and dark gray edges. In summer produces
AGAVACEAE/ASPARAGACEAE or early spring. cooler conditions. In summer produces loose sprays of small, pendent, bell-shaped,
H. elegans, syn. Schizocentron elegans, loose sprays of small, pendent, bell-shaped, greenish-white flowers. Z3–8 H8–1.
Genus of basal-rosetted, perennial illus. p.472. ivory flowers. Z3–8 H8–1. H. KEY LIME PIE (‘Tnheu042’).
succulents, grown for their very narrow, H. ‘Chocolate Ruffles’, illus. p.282. Evergreen, clump-forming perennial. H and
strap-shaped, grooved, dark green leaves, HETEROMELES Evergreen, clump-forming perennial. H and S 16in (40cm). Has rounded, lobed, lime-
which often have peeling, white fibers at S 12in (30cm). Rounded, lobed, ruffled, green leaves. In summer produces loose
their margins. Is closely related to Agave ROSACEA chocolate-brown leaves have burgundy sprays of small, pendent, bell-shaped,
and Yucca. Prefers sun and very well- undersides. In summer produces loose pinkish-white flowers. Z4–8 H8–1.
drained soil. Propagate by seed or Genus of one species of evergreen tree or sprays of small, pendent, bell-shaped, H. ‘Lime Rickey’, illus. p.282. Strong-
division in spring or summer, or from large shrub, grown mainly for its showy white flowers. Z3–8 H8–1. growing, evergreen, clump-forming
offsets, freely produced at base. clusters of holly-like fruits. Requires fertile, H. ‘Cinnabar Silver’, illus. p.282. perennial. H 16–20in (40–50cm), S 20in
H. parviflora, syn. Yucca parviflora, illus. well-drained soil in full sun, with protection Evergreen, clump-forming perennial. (50cm). Rounded, lobed, ruffled, lime-green
p.484. from cold, drying winds in winter. H 12in (30cm), S 20in (50cm). Forms a leaves are brightest in spring. In summer
Propagate by seed in fall or by semiripe mound of rounded, lobed, purple-flushed, produces loose sprays of small, pendent,
HESPERANTHA cuttings in summer. silver leaves; the purple color intensifies in bell-shaped, white flowers. Z3–8 H8–1.
H. arbutifolia. See H. salicifolia. cool conditions. In summer produces loose H. ‘Midnight Rose’, illus. p.282.
IRIDACEAE H. salicifolia, syn. H. arbutifolia, Photinia sprays of small, pendent, bell-shaped, red Evergreen, clump-forming perennial. H and
arbutifolia. Evergreen, bushy, spreading flowers. Z3–8 H8–1. S 20in (50cm). Rounded, lobed, dark purple
Genus of spring-flowering corms, shrub or tree. H 20ft (6m), S 25ft (8m). Has H. ‘Citronelle’. Evergreen, clump- leaves have pink speckles that get larger
grown for their spikes of small, funnel- oblong, sharply toothed, leathery, glossy, forming perennial. H and S 20in (50cm). as the season progresses and may fade to
or cup-shaped flowers. Needs full sun dark green leaves. Broad, flat heads of Has rounded, lobed, lime-green leaves. In cream. In summer produces loose sprays of
and well-drained soil. Plant in fall, small, 5-petaled, white flowers, produced summer produces loose sprays of small, small, pendent, bell-shaped, cream flowers.
water through winter and dry off corms in late summer, are succeeded by large pendent, bell-shaped, white flowers. Z4–8 Z3–8 H8–1.
after flowering. Propagate by seed in clusters of rounded, red fruits. H8–1. H. ‘Obsidian’. Evergreen, clump-forming
fall or spring. H. ‘Coral Cloud’. Evergreen, clump- perennial. H and S 20in (50cm). Has
H. buhrii. See H. cucullata. HEUCHERA forming perennial. H 18–30in (45–75cm), rounded, lobed, smooth, glossy, dark
H. coccinea. See Schizostylis coccinea. S 12–18in (30–45cm). In early summer bears purple-black leaves. In summer produces
H. cucullata, syn. H. buhrii. Spring- Coral flower long, feathery sprays of small, pendent, loose sprays of small, pendent, bell-shaped,
flowering corm. H 8–12in (20–30cm), bell-shaped, coral-red flowers. Leaves are ivory flowers on red stems. Z4–8 H8–1.
S 11/4–2in (3–5cm). Has linear, erect leaves SAXIFRAGACEAE rounded, lobed, toothed, glistening and H. ‘Palace Purple’. Clump-forming
on lower part of branched stems, each dark green. Z4–8 H8–1. perennial. H and S 18in (45cm). Has
of which produces a spike of up to 7 cup- Genus of evergreen, summer-flowering H. CRÈME BRÛLÉE (‘Tnheu041’), illus. persistent, heart-shaped, deep purple
shaped, white flowers, flushed pink or perennials forming large clumps of leaves, p.282. Evergreen, clump-forming perennial. leaves and sprays of small, white flowers
purple outside, that open only at evening. that are often tinted bronze or purple. H 16–20in (40–50cm), S 16in (40cm). in summer. Cut leaves last well in water.
Z10–11 H12–10. Makes good groundcover. Prefers partial Rounded, lobed, glowing caramel, bronze Z3–8 H8–1.
shade and moist but well-drained soil. and gold leaves fade in intensity as they H. ‘Peach Flambé’, illus. p.282.
HESPERIS Propagate species by seed in fall or by age. In summer produces loose sprays of Evergreen, clump-forming perennial. H and
division in fall or spring, cultivars by small, pendent, bell-shaped, white flowers. S 20in (50cm). Large, rounded, lobed,
CRUCIFERAE/BRASSICACEAE division only, using young, outer portions Z3–8 H8–1. smooth, rich peach leaves develop purplish
of crown. See also feature panel p.282. H. cylindrica ‘Greenfinch’. Evergreen, hues in winter. In summer produces loose
Genus of late spring- or summer- H. ‘Amber Waves’, illus. p.282. clump-forming perennial. H 18–24in (45– sprays of small, pendent, bell-shaped,
flowering annuals and perennials. Evergreen, clump-forming perennial. 60cm), S 20in (50cm). Has rosettes of lobed, white flowers. Z3–8 H8–1.
Requires sun and well-drained soil. H 8–12in (20–30cm), S to 20in (50cm). heart-shaped leaves and, in summer, spikes H. ‘Pearl Drops’. Evergreen, clump-
H. matronalis tolerates poor soil. Tends Rounded, lobed, lightly ruffled, orange- of small, bell-shaped, pale green or forming perennial. H 2ft (60cm), S 1ft
to become woody at base, so raise new yellow leaves are pale burgundy greenish-white flowers. Z4–8 H8–1. (30cm). In early summer bears small,
stock from seed every few years. underneath. In summer produces loose H. EBONY AND IVORY (‘E and I’), illus. pendent, bell-shaped, white flowers tinged
Propagate by basal cuttings in spring sprays of small, pendent, bell-shaped, p.282. Evergreen, clump-forming, rather pink. Leaves are rounded, lobed, toothed
or by seed in fall or spring. light-rose flowers. Z3–8 H8–1. compact perennial. H and S 12in (30cm). and dark green. Z3–8 H8–1.
H. matronalis, illus. p.230. H. americana ‘Harry Hay’. Vigorous, Has rounded, lobed, rather ruffled, H. ‘Peppermint Spice’, illus. p.282.
evergreen, clump-forming perennial. ebony-black leaves. In summer produces Evergreen, clump-forming, rather
HESPEROCALLIS H 20–39in (50–100cm), S 32in (80cm) or numerous loose sprays of small, pendent, compact perennial. H 16in (40cm),
more. Has large, rounded, lobed, purplish- bell-shaped, ivory-white flowers. Z3–8 S 12–16in (30–40cm). Has rounded, lobed,
LILIACEAE/HYACINTHACEAE brown leaves. In summer produces tall H8–1. purple-veined, silver green leaves. In
spires of pendent, bell-shaped, white H. ‘Firebird’. Evergreen, compact summer produces loose sprays of small,
Genus of spring- to summer-flowering flowers. Z4–8 H8–1. perennial. H 2ft (60cm), S 1ft (30cm). In pendent, bell-shaped, soft pink flowers.
bulbs. Needs a sunny, well-drained site. H. ‘Beauty Colour’, illus. p.282. early summer bears long, feathery sprays Z3–8 H8–1.
Is difficult to cultivate in all but warm, dry Evergreen, clump-forming perennial. of small, pendent, bell-shaped, crimson- H. ‘Pewter Moon’, illus. p.282.
areas; in cool, damp climates, protect in H 8–12in (20–30cm), S to 20in (50cm). scarlet flowers. Leaves are rounded, lobed, Evergreen, clump-forming perennial.
a cool greenhouse. Requires ample water Rounded, lobed, burgundy-veined leaves toothed and dark green. Z4–8 H8–1. H 16in (40cm), S 12–20in (30–50cm).
in spring, followed by a hot, dry period are marbled with silver and bordered with H. ‘Georgia Peach’, illus. p.282. Rounded, lobed, veined, silvery-green
during its summer dormancy. Propagate green. Leaf color intensifies in cold periods. Evergreen, clump-forming perennial. leaves have deep maroon undersides. In
by seed in fall. In summer produces loose, arching sprays H 12in (30cm), S 20in (50cm). Large, summer produces loose sprays of small,
H. undulata. Spring- to summer- of small, pendent, bell-shaped, ivory rounded, lobed, silvery pinkish-peach pendent, bell-shaped, soft pink flowers
flowering bulb. H 8–20in (20–50cm), flowers. Z3–8 H8–1. leaves are most vibrant when young. In on maroon stems. Z3–8 H8–1.
S 4–6in (10–15cm). Has a basal cluster of H. ‘Black Beauty’, illus. p.282. Evergreen, summer produces loose sprays of small, H. ‘Plum Pudding’, illus. p.280.
long, narrow, wavy-margined, semierect clump-forming, rather compact perennial. pendent, bell-shaped, white flowers. H. ‘Purple Petticoats’, illus. p.282.
or prostrate leaves. Sturdy stems each H 8–10in (20–25cm), S to 10in (25cm). Z3–8 H8–1. Evergreen, clump-forming perennial.
bear a spike of upward-facing, funnel- Rounded, lobed, ruffled, glossy, dark H. ‘Ginger Ale’, illus. p.282. Evergreen, H 16in (40cm), S 12–20in (30–50cm).
shaped, white flowers, with a central, purple-black leaves are held rather upright. clump-forming perennial. H 12–16in Rounded, lobed, ruffled, rich purple leaves
green stripe along each of the 6 petals. In summer produces loose sprays of small,
Z9–10 H10–9. pendent, bell-shaped, white flowers. Z3–8
H8–1.
Hesperoyucca. See Yucca. H. ‘Blackbird’, illus. p.282. Evergreen,
clump-forming perennial. H 10–12in

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are a brighter reddish-purple beneath. In deeply lobed, red-veined, golden-yellow serrated leaves and, in summer, pendent, flowering species) or fall (large-flowered
summer produces loose sprays of small, young leaves fade to bright green and long-stalked flowers, 21/2in (6cm) wide,
pendent, bell-shaped, cream flowers. Z3–8 develop orange tints in fall. In early with deeply fringed, reflexed, pink or red hybrids). T All parts may cause mild
H8–1. summer produces feathery sprays of small, petals. May be trained as a climber. Z13–15
H. ‘Red Spangles’. Evergreen, clump- bell-shaped, pendent, white flowers. H12–10. stomach upset if ingested.
forming perennial. H and S 12in (30cm). ‘Dayglow Pink’, H and S 12–16in H. syriacus (Rose of Sharon). ‘Blue H. advenum. See Rhodophiala advena.
Has heart-shaped, purplish-green leaves (30–40cm), has dark-veined, rich green Bird’. See H. syriacus ‘Oiseau Bleu’. H. ‘Apple Blossom’, illus. p.414.
and spikes of small, bell-shaped, crimson- leaves and numerous feathery sprays of ‘Diana’ is a deciduous, upright shrub. H. aulicum, syn. H. morelianum, illus.
scarlet flowers in summer. Z3–8 H8–1. bright pink flowers. ‘Heart of Darkness’, H 10ft (3m), S 6ft (2m). Has oval, lobed, p.414.
H. sanguinea ‘Snow Storm’, illus. p.282. H and S 16in (40cm), has green leaves, each deep green leaves and very large, trumpet- H. ‘Belinda’. Winter- and spring-
Slow-growing, evergreen, clump-forming with a large dark purple central zone shaped, pure white flowers, with wavy- flowering bulb with a basal leaf cluster.
perennial. H 16in (40cm), S 12–16in (30– surrounded by silver-gray, and produces edged petals, from late summer to mid- H 12–20in (30–50cm), S 12in (30cm). Is
40cm). Rather small, rounded, lobed, green white flowers. ‘Kimono’ (illus. p.282), fall. Z5–9 H9–1. ‘Oiseau Bleu’, syn. similar to H. aulicum, but flowers are deep
leaves each have a large, creamy-white H and S 16in (40cm), is vigorous and has H. syriacus ‘Blue Bird’, illus. p.138. ‘Red velvety-red throughout, stained darker
center. In summer produces loose sprays very deeply lobed, purple-veined, silvery- Heart’, illus. p.132. ‘Woodbridge’, towards centers. Z14–15 H12–1.
of small, pendent, bell-shaped, coral-pink purple and green leaves and loose sprays illus. p.136. H. ‘Black Pearl’. Winter-flowering
flowers. May be short-lived. Z3–8 H8–1. of cream flowers. ‘Stoplight’ (illus. p.282), H. trionum, illus. p.300. bulb. H 20in (50cm), S 12in (30cm). Has a
H. ‘Scintillation’. Evergreen, clump- H and S 16in (40cm), has red-veined, bright sturdy stem bearing 4–5 large, funnel-
forming perennial. H 18–30in (45–75cm), yellow leaves and white flowers. HIDALGOA shaped, dark maroon flowers and strap-
S 12–18in (30–45cm). In early summer shaped, semierect, basal leaves that
produces long, feathery sprays of small, Hexastylis. See Asarum. Climbing dahlia develop with or after the flowers.
pendent, bell-shaped, deep pink flowers, Z14–15 H12–1.
each rimmed with coral-pink. Bears HIBBERTIA COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE H. ‘Bouquet’. Winter- and spring-
rounded, lobed, toothed, dark green leaves. flowering bulb with a basal leaf cluster.
Z3–8 H8–1. SYN. CANDOLLEA Genus of evergreen, leaf stalk climbers, H 12–20in (30–50cm), S 12in (30cm). Is
H. ‘Silver Scrolls’, illus. p.282. grown for their single, dahlia-like flower similar to H. aulicum, but has very wide,
Evergreen, clump-forming perennial. DILLENIACEAE heads. Requires full light and rich, well- salmon-pink flowers, with deep red veins
H 20in (50cm), S 16–20in (40–50cm). drained soil. Water freely when in full and red centers. Z14–15 H12–1.
Rounded, lobed, silver and burgundy Genus of evergreen shrubs and twining growth, less at other times. Needs support. H. morelianum. See H. aulicum.
leaves are at their most vibrant when climbers, grown for their flowers. Needs In spring, thin out crowded stems or cut H. ‘Orange Sovereign’. Winter- to
young. In summer produces loose sprays full light or partial shade and well-drained back all growth to ground level. Propagate spring-flowering bulb. H 12–20in
of small, pendent, bell-shaped, pinkish- soil. Water freely in summer, less at other by softwood cuttings in spring. Aphids, red (30–50cm), S 12in (30cm). Has strap-
white flowers. Z3–8 H8–1. times. Provide stems with support. Thin spider mite and whitefly may be shaped, semierect, gray-green, basal
H. ‘Southern Comfort’, illus. p.282. out congested growth in spring. Propagate troublesome. leaves produced as, or just after, flowers
Strong-growing, evergreen, clump-forming by semiripe cuttings in summer. H. wercklei. Moderately vigorous, form. Sturdy stem bears head of 2–6 rich
perennial. H 20–24in (50–60cm), S 24–28in H. cuneiformis, illus. p.458. evergreen, leaf stalk climber. H 15ft (5m) orange-red flowers. Z14–15 H12–10.
(60–70cm). Large, rounded, lobed, rather H. scandens, syn. H. volubilis. Vigorous, or more. Oval leaves are divided into H. procerum. See Worsleya rayneri.
hairy, brownish-peach leaves age to burnt- evergreen, twining climber. H 20ft (6m). 3, 5, or more, coarsely serrated leaflets. H. ‘Red Lion’, illus. p.414.
copper. In summer produces loose sprays Has oblong to lance-shaped, glossy, deep In summer bears dahlia-like, scarlet flower H. reginae (Mexican lily). Summer-
green leaves, 11/2–31/2in (4–9cm) long. heads, yellowish in bud. Z11–13 H12–10. flowering bulb. H to 20in (50cm), S 8–10in
H of small, pendent, bell-shaped, white Saucer-shaped, bright yellow flowers, (20–25cm). Flower stem produces a head
11/2in (4cm) across, are produced mainly HIERACIUM of 2–4 scarlet flowers, 4–6in (10–15cm)
flowers. Z3–8 H8–1. in summer. Z12–15 H12–10. across, with star-shaped, green mark in
H. ‘Stormy Seas’. Evergreen, clump- H. volubilis. See H. scandens. Hawkweed throat. Long, strap-shaped, semierect
forming perennial. H 16in (40cm), S 16–20in leaves develop at base after flowering
(40–50cm). Rounded, lobed, gray-silver- HIBISCUS COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE has finished. Z11–12 H12–1.
mottled, glossy, maroon-purple leaves, H. rutilum. See H. striatum.
aging to bronze-green, have vivid purple MALVACEAE Genus of perennials; most are weeds, but H. striatum, syn. H. rutilum. Spring- and
undersides. In summer produces loose the species described below is grown for summer-flowering bulb. H 12in (30cm),
sprays of small, pendent, bell-shaped, Genus of evergreen or deciduous shrubs, its foliage. Needs sun and poor, well- S 8–10in (20–25cm). Has strap-shaped,
cream flowers. Z4–8 H8–1. trees, perennials and annuals, grown for drained soil. Propagate by seed or division semierect, bright green, basal leaves.
H. ‘Tiramisu’, illus. p.282. Evergreen, their flowers. Needs full sun and rich, well- in fall or spring. Funnel-shaped flowers have pointed,
clump-forming perennial. H 12–16in drained soil. Water container specimens H. lanatum, illus. p.277. scarlet petals with central, green stripes.
(30–40cm), S 12in (30cm). Has rounded, freely when in full growth, moderately at Z14–15 H12–10.
lobed, red-flushed, copper-yellow leaves. other times. Tip prune young plants to HIMALAYACALAMUS H. ‘Striped’, illus. p.414.
In summer produces loose sprays of small, promote bushiness; cut old plants back hard H. vittatum (St. Joseph’s lily). Vigorous,
pendent, bell-shaped, pinkish-cream in spring. Propagate by seed in spring, GRAMINEAE/POACEAE spring-flowering bulb. H 3ft (1m), S 1ft
flowers. Z3–8 H8–1. shrubs and trees by greenwood cuttings in (30cm). Leaves are broadly strap-shaped,
H. ‘Tnheu041’. See H. CRÈME BRÛLÉE. late spring or by semiripe cuttings in See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES semierect and basal. Sturdy, leafless stem
H. ‘Tnheu042’. See H. KEY LIME PIE. summer, perennials by division in fall or and SEDGES. precedes leaves and terminates in a head
spring. Whitefly may cause problems. H. falconeri, syn. Arundinaria of 2–6 red-striped, white flowers, 5–8in
598 x HEUCHERELLA H. mutabilis (Confederate rose, Cotton falconeri, Drepanostachyum falconeri, (12–20cm) across. Z13–15 H12–10.
rose). Evergreen, erect to spreading shrub Thamnocalamus falconeri. Evergreen, H. ‘White Dazzler’. Winter- and spring-
SAXIFRAGACEAE or tree. H and S 10–15ft (3–5m). Rounded clump-forming bamboo. H 15–30ft (5–10m), flowering bulb with a basal leaf cluster.
leaves have 5–7 shallow lobes. In summer– S 3ft (1m). Greenish-brown stems have a H 12–20in (30–50cm), S 12in (30cm). Is
Hybrid genus (Heuchera x Tiarella) of fall bears funnel-shaped, sometimes dark purple ring beneath each node. Has similar to H. aulicum, but has pure white
evergreen, mainly late spring- and double, white or pink flowers, 3–4in yellowish-green leaves, 4–6in (10–15cm) flowers. Z14–15 H12–1.
summer-flowering perennials. Prefers (7–10cm) wide, that age from pink to deep long, without visible tessellation, and
partial shade and needs fertile, well- red. In light frost dies back to ground level. unimportant flower spikes. Z9–11 H12–8. HIPPOCREPIS
drained soil. Propagate by basal cuttings Z10–11 H12–8.
in spring or by division in spring or fall. H. rosa-sinensis (Chinese hibiscus, HIPPEASTRUM Horseshoe vetch, Vetch
See also feature panel p.282. Hawaiian hibiscus, Rose of China).
x H. alba ‘Bridget Bloom’. Evergreen, Evergreen, rounded, leafy shrub. H and Amaryllis LEGUMINOSAE/PAPILIONACEAE
clump-forming perennial. H 18in (45cm), S 5–10ft (1.5–3m) or more. Oval, glossy
S 12in (30cm). Has dense, bright green leaves are coarsely serrated. Produces AMARYLLIDACEAE Genus of annuals and perennials, grown
leaves and, in early summer, many feathery funnel-shaped, bright crimson flowers, for their pealike flowers. Requires full sun
sprays of tiny, bell-shaped, rose-pink 4in (10cm) wide, mainly in summer but Genus of bulbs, grown for their huge, and well-drained soil. Propagate by seed
flowers, which continue intermittently until also in spring and fall. Z14–15 H12–1. Many funnel-shaped flowers. Is often incorrectly in spring or fall. Self-seeds readily. May
fall. Z5–8 H8–5. color selections are grown including ‘The cultivated as Amaryllis. Requires full sun or be invasive.
x H. tiarelloides, illus. p.264. ‘Alabama President’, illus. p.455. partial shade and well-drained soil. Plant H. comosa, illus. p.373. ‘E.R. Janes’ is
Sunrise’ is an evergreen, groundcover H. schizopetalus (Japanese lantern). large-flowered hybrids in fall, half burying a vigorous, prostrate, woody-based
perennial. H and S 12in (30cm). Rounded, Evergreen, upright, spreading, loose shrub. bulb; after the leaves die away, dry off perennial. H 2–3in (5–8cm), S 6in (15cm)
H to 10ft (3m), S 6ft (2m) or more. Has oval, bulb until following fall. Smaller, summer- or more. Rooting stems bear small, loose
flowering species should be kept dry while
dormant in winter. Propagate by seed in
spring or by offsets in spring (summer-