INDUSTRIAL HERITAGE IN THE URBAN IDENTITY AND MEMORY AXIS

Industrial Heritage in the Urban Identity and Memory Axis

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CONSERVATION OF INDUSTRIAL
CULTURAL HERITAGE AND
ADVANTAGE TO TOURISM: CASE OF
ÇANAKKALE

Şermin ATAK ÇOBANOĞLU1 - Ümran ŞENGÜL2

Abstract

Culture includes material and spiritual elements as the living pattern of societies.
Cultural heritage should be transferred to future generations and protected as the common
value of all people. Industrial buildings should be protected as immovable cultural
property and conveyed to future generations. The protection of industrial buildings and
their transmission to future generations ensures the transfer and preservation of knowledge
and culture for generations. Çanakkale and its surroundings are a region where many
cities were established throughout history, especially Troy. Accordingly, it is possible to
talk about an industrial cultural heritage in Çanakkale, which is productive and where a
lot of mines are extracted, according to the characteristics of the region. Evaluating the
structures in the region and bringing them into tourism will create the opportunity to offer
a versatile tourism service area to the visitors and will support local development.

When the data of the Ministry of Culture and Tourism for the year 2020 are
examined, it is seen that the total number of Immovable Cultural Heritages in Çanakkale
is 2516 and the number of “Industrial and Commercial Buildings” is 132, which has a
percentage of approximately 5.25%. According to 2020 data of Çanakkale Provincial
Directorate of Planning and Coordination, the total number of “Registered Buildings”
in Çanakkale is 1931 and the number of “Registered Industrial Buildings” is 72. It was
seen that industrial buildings have a percentage of 5.25% among registered buildings in

1   Assist. Prof., Department of Public Administration, Faculty of Political Sciences, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University.

e-mail: [email protected] ORCID: 0000-0002-6174-5722

2   Assoc. Prof., Department of Business Management, Faculty of Political Sciences, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University.

e-mail: [email protected] ORCID: 0000-0001-5867-863X

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Conservation of Industrial Cultural Heritage ... Şermin ATAK ÇOBANOĞLU - Ümran ŞENGÜL

Çanakkale. In this study, the qualities, characteristics, and tourism potentials of industrial
buildings in Çanakkale were evaluated. For this purpose, industrial heritage sites and
structures in Çanakkale were evaluated in terms of tourism with Analytical Hierarchy
Process (AHP), one of the multi-criteria decision making methods. Firstly, the old
industrial areas that lost their function in Çanakkale and the general characteristics of the
buildings were investigated. The study was evaluated under six criteria (economic value,
touristic value, accessibility value, architectural-artistic value, socio-cultural value, and
convertibility value). As a result of the evaluation, the order of importance of the criteria
in bringing the industrial heritage sites in Çanakkale to tourism was listed as socio-cultural
value, architectural artistic value, touristic value, convertibility value, accessibility value
and economic value of the industrial heritage area. Under these criteria, the order of
importance of industrial cultural heritage sites is stone residences and stone structures,
Olive oil factory and warehouse- Bonito warehouse, windmills and pillar’s houses, water
mills and pillar’s house and mines and stone quarries-pillar quarries-mining settlements.
The order of importance of industrial cultural heritage sites is stone houses and stone
works, olive oil factory and warehouse (bonito warehouse), windmills and pillar’s houses,
water mills and pillar’s house and mines and quarries-pillar quarries-miner settlements.

.

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Industrial Heritage in the Urban Identity and Memory Axis

Introduction

The concept of industrial heritage can be expressed as the whole of architecture and
many other remains of industrial history. According to The International Committee for the
Conservation of the Industrial Heritage (TICCIH) industrial heritage consists of the remains
of industrial culture which are of historical, technological, social, architectural or scientific
value. These remains consist of buildings and machinery, workshops, mills and factories,
mines and sites for processing and refining, warehouses and stores, places where energy is
generated, transmitted, and used, transport and all its infrastructure, as well as places used
for social activities related to the industry such as housing, religious worship or education.
Industrial heritage sites have always been important areas for the past and history of cities.
It is an important issue to re-evaluate these areas and bring them into the city and tourism.

In this study, the Industrial and Commercial Heritage Building types were
determined by examining the Çanakkale Cultural Inventory, which was prepared in 2015,
and the decisions of the Directorate for Preservation of Regional Cultural Heritage for
after 2015. These building types are classified under five headings. These titles are stone
houses and stone works, olive oil factory and warehouse- bonito warehouse, windmills and
pillar’s houses, water mills and pillar’s houses, mines and quarries-pillar quarries-mining
settlements. Classified industrial heritage sites were examined under six criteria (economic
value, touristic value, accessibility value, architectural-artistic value, socio-cultural value,
and convertibility value) with expert opinions, and an order of importance was made in
terms of tourism.

When the literature was examined, some of the studies carried out in this field were
as follows; Çelik (2019) investigated how industrial heritage sites are evaluated as a part
of industrial heritage tourism and their place and importance in tourism as an industrial
heritage route. Kazas (2008) examined the roles of the urban renewal approach in solving
the spatial, economic, and social problems of the city of Ödemiş, creating a holistic and
sustainable urban renewal scenario for the future of the city, structures within the scope
of industrial heritage; to evaluate their visual importance in parallel with the industrial
qualities and functions of their periods. Barbaros Akay and Örmecioğlu (2018) evaluated
the historical and architectural values o​​ f the Tekirova Mineral Processing Facility and its
contribution to the socio-economic life of Antalya as a value in their studies. Karadağ and
İncedere (2020) emphasized the importance of one of the first industrialization areas of the
country, the re-functioning of the old industrial and commercial areas in the Alsancak Port
area, to be included in modern urban life and to draw attention to the difficulties encountered
in this process, and to draw attention to the difficulties encountered in this process and with
a geographical approach (in terms of location, location and functions and urban identity).
In their study, Yavaşoğlu and Özgül (2020) discussed the transformation of Malatya Sugar
Factory Campus, one of the industrial campuses established in Turkey by state from its
establishment to the present day and discussed its opening to the use of different economic
sectors as a result of interventions instead of preserving it as an industrial heritage. Gülay
(2019) evaluated the industrial heritage sites and structures in Zonguldak in terms of tourism
with the Analytical Hierarchy Process method.

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Conservation of Industrial Cultural Heritage ... Şermin ATAK ÇOBANOĞLU - Ümran ŞENGÜL

In the next parts of the study, the conceptual framework, methodological
framework, and application of the study are explained.

Conceptual Framework

It is one of the built environment elements that should be protected and transferred
to future generations of industrial heritage. In order to protect the industrial heritage,
it should be determined and protection measures should be implemented. Bringing the
industrial heritage to tourism creates an opportunity for the protection of the registered
structures and their transmission to the next generations.

International policy documents directly related to the protection of industrial
heritage and bringing it into tourism, adopted after the 12th meeting of International
Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS) in 1999, the Management of Tourism
Areas with Cultural Heritage Value, and the Industrial Heritage, which is also expressed
as the Dublin Principles accepted at the 17th General Assembly of ICOMOS. It can
be expressed as ICOMOS-TICCIH Common principles for the Conservation of Sites,
Structures, Areas, and Landscapes. (Ahunbay, 2019)

According to the Dublin Principles, the definition of industrial heritage consists
of sites, structures, machinery, settlements, raw material extraction areas, conversion of
raw materials into products, related energy, and transport infrastructures, and all kinds
of objects and documents in the industrialization process. Integrated policies should be
pursued in the protection and management of the industrial heritage. It is suggested that
the protection and management of the industrial heritage should be handled together with
its historical, socio-economic, and technological dimensions and should be carried out
with interdisciplinary studies (Ahunbay, 2019).

Methodological Framework

Çanakkale has an area of ​9 817 km2 and has 12 districts including the central district,
23 municipalities, 576 villages, and 81 neighborhoods. The population of Çanakkale is
541,548. The population density in Çanakkale is 55 people per km2. The city population
constitutes 72% of the total population. The immigration given by Çanakkale is more than
the immigration it receives. Çanakkale ranks 13th in the socioeconomic development
index of provinces. Considering the rank among the 81 provinces in terms of the sectoral
distribution of the employed, it ranks 14th in industry, 11th in agriculture, and 11th in the
tertiary sector. The unemployment rate of Çanakkale, which is located in TR-22, is in 23rd
place in 81 provinces. The labor force participation rate ranks 21st among 81 provinces
and 17th with employment rate in 81 provinces. (Çanakkale Provincial Directorate of
Planning and Coordination, 1 December 2021).

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The Dardanelles Strait connects the two continents. Ferries are widely used.
It forms the backbone of transportation. There is an airport in Çanakkale. There is a
possibility of transportation by road. Only 3 districts of Çanakkale do not have a coastline.
Çanakkale, which has gulf, strait, and sea coasts, has an accessible and diverse structure
in terms of cultural and tourism activities.

1915 Çanakkale Bridge, which is planned to be opened on 18 March 2022, will
connect Eceabat and Lâpseki Districts. The transit time between the two continents will
be 6 minutes (Milliyet, 13.11.2021). It is thought that the third bridge built in Çanakkale,
where public investments have increased in recent years, may positively affect tourism
activities in Çanakkale. In addition, it can be said that with the completion of the tunnels
built in the Mount Kaz in 2023, the risky and 40-minute road crossings will be shortened
and become safer (Hürriyet, 13.11.2021).

One of the most important tourism values o​​ f Çanakkale, the Ancient City of Troy
is one of the most important and well-known cultural heritage sites in the world. 2018, the
20th anniversary of the entry of the ancient city to the World Heritage List, was officially
accepted as the Year of Troy, and the Ministry of Culture and Tourism carried out joint
studies with the joint participation of all its stakeholders (Erdogan, Atak, 2019).

In 2018, it was seen that the tourism activities in Çanakkale increased in Troy. It
is thought that the bridge and airport and Mount Kaz tunnel will facilitate visits if the
efforts to protect the cultural heritage and bring it to tourism increase tourism activities.
Çanakkale needs to be ready for the completion of public investments.

Table 1. Immovable cultural heritage to be protected in Turkey and Çanakkale (2020)

Building Type conserved Immovable Cultural Assets to Immovable Cultural Assets to
be protected in Çanakkale be protected in Turkey
Civil Architecture Example
Religious Buildings 1487 72.897
Administrative Buildings 174 10.737
Industrial and Commercial 61 3.233
Buildings 132 4.598
Military Buildings
Cemeteries 48 1.404
Martyrdoms 189 5.771
Monuments 79 318
Protected Streets 32 399
Historical Ruins
Cultural Buildings 4 71
TOTAL 41 3.064
269 13.725
2516 116.217

Source: https://kvmgm.ktb.gov.tr/TR-44798/turkiye-geneli-korunmasi-gerekli-tasinmaz-kultur-varlig-.html,
1.12.2021, İllere Göre Kültür Envanteri/Çanakkale 1.12.2021https://kvmgm.ktb.gov.tr/TR-44799/illere-gore-
korunmasi-gerekli-tasinmaz-kultur-varligi-i-.html

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Conservation of Industrial Cultural Heritage ... Şermin ATAK ÇOBANOĞLU - Ümran ŞENGÜL

The immovable cultural properties registered throughout Turkey are classified
under 12 headings (Table 1). These are examples of civil architecture, religious buildings,
cultural buildings, administrative buildings, industrial and commercial buildings, military
buildings, cemeteries, martyrdoms, monuments and monuments, ruins, structures taken
under protection. There are 4,598 industrial and commercial buildings out of a total of
116,217 buildings registered in the 2020 Turkey Cultural Heritage Inventory. According
to 2020 data, the number of registered immovable cultural properties is 2,516, and the
number of registered industrial and commercial buildings in Çanakkale is 132.

According to the constantly updated data of Çanakkale Governorship Provincial
Planning and Coordination Board, the registered buildings in Çanakkale are expressed as
in Table 2.

Table 2. Registered buildings in Çanakkale

Registered Buildings Number
Civil Architecture 970
Military Buildings 27
Religious and Cultural Structures 495
Administrative Structures 40
Industrial Buildings 72
Total 1931

Source: http://www.canakkale.gov.tr/dosyalar-ve-veriler-yatirim-ve-istatistik, 3.12.2021.

The number of registered industrial buildings in Çanakkale is stated as 72.
According to the constantly updated data of the Çanakkale Governorship Provincial
Planning and Coordination Board, the protected areas are expressed in the form in the
table below (Table 3).

Table 3. Number of site areas in Çanakkale

Site Areas Number
Urban Sites 15
Archeological Sites 307
Historical Site 13
Total 335

Source: https://kvmgm.ktb.gov.tr/TR-44799/illere-gore-korunmasi-gerekli-tasinmaz-kultur-varligi-i-.html, 1.12.2021.

The Trojan War, the most well-known wars in history, was fought in Dardanelles,
the closest place between the West and the East, that is, where the Dardanelles Strait is.
This war is important because it is accepted as the first war between East and West in
history (Aslan, 2016). An area of approximately 10 km in diameter in the region was
declared Troy National Park in 1996 (Aslan, 2016).

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In the epics about Troy, 17 different features of the city are mentioned and it is
seen that these features coincide with the archaeological finds. The most used features
related to the Troy region are architectural “well built” 8 times, “big city” 8 times, “windy
one” 6 times, “beautiful” 4 times”, well-built” 3 times, well-settled” 3 times, “strong” is
used 2 times. Today, harsh winds that blow constantly are still valid. It is possible to say
that these winds had a great effect on Troy being a rich and crowded city in the historical
process. The strong winds forced the ships to wait in “Beşige Bay”, which enriched the
city (Aslan, 2016). With these aspects, the region has great historical importance with
the robustness and strength of its stone and monumental structures and the fact that it is
a windy, beautiful, and big capital city. Accordingly, these features, which overlap with
thousands of years ago, draw attention in the process of protecting cultural heritage and
bringing it to tourism.

Considering the potential of Troy, which is on the list of world cultural heritage, it
should be integrated with the potential of industrial tourism and its use should be ensured
in terms of tourism activities, which is a development activity without a chimney. Thus,
the loss of registered areas by leaving them in a derelict state will be prevented, protected
and the economic values ​c​ reated will be provided for the communities living in the region
to earn an income economically.

Application

AHP is one of the methods developed by Thomas L. Saaty at the Wharton School
of Business in the 1970s for solving complex multi-criteria decision-making problems
(Önder & Önder, 2015). Multi-criteria decision-making problems can be defined as the
problems in which the best alternative is selected from among the possible solution sets
in which more than one criterion is optimized (Turan, 2015). In this study, it is aimed
to evaluate the industrial heritage buildings in Çanakkale in terms of industrial heritage
tourism. For this purpose, industrial heritage was evaluated in terms of tourism by
taking industrial buildings as alternatives and ranking their importance under the criteria
determined from the literature.

While evaluating a work within the scope of industrial heritage, the Nizhny Tagil
requirement prepared by TICCIH is used as an international document. TICCIH is an
international organization with a focus on industrial heritage. According to its founding
charter dated June 4, 1978, the founding purpose of TICCIH is to protect industrial
monuments and artifacts, to develop an understanding of the history of the industrial
heritage of humanity, its scientific and educational history, and to cooperate on these issues
at an international level (Saner, 2012). Today, industrial buildings and the components of
the entire production process of these structures are the subjects of studies by international
organizations such as TICCIH and DOCOMOMO (International Committee for
Documentation and Conservation of Buildings, Sites and Neighbourhoods of the Modern
Movement). Especially in countries such as England, Germany, and America, which have
completed their industrial development, studies on the protection and re-evaluation of

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industrial areas at the scale of space and structure have been carried out for a long time.
In our country, the concept of protecting industrial areas came to the fore in the 1990s
and important steps were taken in this area (Gün, 2014). Generally; workshops, factory
buildings, mineral processing, and treatment areas, warehouses, infrastructures, facilities
such as energy generation and transmission facilities, construction sites, or building
remains are within the scope of industrial heritage (TICCIH, 2003). While determining
the criteria in this study, the Nizhny Tagil Regulation the related literature (Gülay, 2019;
Büyükarslan and Güney, 2013; Sener, 2012; Lin, 2020) and the nature of the industrial
heritages in Çanakkale were gathered under 6 headings as shown below. Building
groups in industrial heritage areas (TICCIH, 2003) have been taken into account for the
classification of historical buildings in Çanakkale under these criteria. These building
groups (alternatives) and criteria are given in Table 4 and Table 5.

Table 4. Industrial heritage structures used in the research

Abbreviation Alternatives Examples From Çanakkale
A1 Stone residences and stone Bozcada Alaybey vineyard house,
A2 structures Ayvacık Berham Stone residences
A3 Olive oil factory and warehouse- Ayvacık Küçükkuyu Beach Neighborhood
A4 Bonito warehouse Olive Oil Warehouse
Watermills and Pillar’s House Ayvacık Fatih Neighborhood, Watermills
A5 and Pillar’s House
Windmills and Pillar’s House Gökçeada Zeytinli Village Windmills-
Lapseki Şevkitiye windmill.
Mines and quarries - Miner Çanakkale Centre Saraylı Zindantepe
settlements quarrie, Ayvacık District Gülpınar
Kuzgun Kyası Quarrie, Çan District
Söğütalan Quarries and Miner Village

A brief description of these alternatives is given below;

Stone residences and stone structures

In addition to the Commercial buildings located in Fevzipaşa Neighborhood
in Çanakkale and used as shops under the ownership of private individuals, there are
stone structures or stone residences, which are considered as industrial and commercial
cultural heritage, located in the Ayvacık District of Çanakkale. These buildings are used
as hostels. Located in the Alaybey neighborhood of the Bozcaada District of Çanakkale,
the Vineyard House is privately owned. However, it was stated that the building could be
used as a residence. It is thought that the vineyard houses of Bozcaada, which is famous
for their grapes and wines, are important in terms of bringing the industrial heritage to
tourism.

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Olive oil factory and warehouse (Bonito Warehouse)

It was suggested that the Olive Oil Factories and Warehouses-Bonito Warehouse
can be evaluated as an Industrial Heritage, and that the storage areas can be used for a
different function in terms of realizing social events and meetings. In addition, gastronomy
tourism has been developed with olive routes. The fact that Çanakkale is also included in
the olive route and that the route is structured to include Çanakkale is of a quality that can
serve the industrial heritage for tourism purposes.

Water Mills and Pillar’s House

One of the Water Mills and Pillar’s Houses within the industrial buildings are
located in Beşige Bay in Yeniköy of Ezine. It is stated that the Water Mill and Pillar’s
House, located in the Troy National Park Area, was built in the middle of the 18th century
with its settled village. It works with the water brought from the Kırgözler Stream of
Karamandere Stream. Because it was built by Sultan Abdülhamit’s sister, it was called
“The Lady’s Mill”. The feature of this mill was built to meet the flour needs of the
Ottoman Navy waiting at the Beşige Bay and Bozcada Ports.

Windmills and Pillar Houses

Erenlerburnu Windmill, located in Bozcaada, which is among industrial buildings,
is on the Erenlerburbu Rock in the North West of the district. It is stated in the sources that
there are many mills on the island because the wheat, which was needed by the navy in the
Ottoman Period, was stored in Bozcaada Castle, and was ground in the windmills in the
high parts of the island. In 2019, it was restored by the Bozcaada District Governorship
in accordance with its original form. Bozcaada District Governor İbrahim Gültekin stated
that “windmills that shed light on a thousand years have been used for centuries, but were
destroyed 50-60 years ago due to neglect. Bozcaada District Governorate stated that they
restored two of the three windmills in the region, especially one of the mills that could
grind flour functionally. (Bozcaada guide, 5.12.2021)

Mines and quarries-column quarries-mining settlements

Zindan Tepe Stone Quarry located in Saraylı village of Çanakkale and Kuzgunkaya
Stone Quarry located in Serçeler Village, Koçaali Column Quarries located in Ezine
Koçali are among the archaeological sites. In addition, Bardakçılar Village and Sögütalan
Village Mines of Çan are located within the archaeological site. There are Miner Villages
settlements around the mines located in Çan. It has been determined that the rocks in the
Stone Quarries and the Column Quarries were used in the construction of the Ancient City
of Abidos, Seddulbahir Castle, and Atik Hisar Castle. Robustness, which is important for
ancient structures in the Çanakkale region, is matched with well-established elements. In
the protection of ancient structures, the process of preserving the structures as they are is
carried out.

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Table 5. Industrial heritage buildings used in the research

Abbrevia- Criteria Definitions
tion Economic value
C1 The potential of an industrial heritage site to
add economic value
C2 Touristic value The potential of the industrial heritage site to
contribute to tourism
C3 Accessibility value Geolocation value of industrial heritage site
C4 Architectural-artistic value The architectural-artistic value of the industri-
al heritage building
C5 Socio-cultural value Cultural values associated with social life
C6 Transformability value Value to add different functionality in reuse

Analytical hierarchy process (AHP)

AHP is a technique that finds the best alternative by making pairwise comparisons
by considering multi-criteria decision problems in a hierarchical structure. In the AHP
technique, criteria and alternatives are compared in pairs by experts. Saaty’s 1-9 scale is
frequently used in this comparison. The scale used in the comparisons is given in Table 6

Table 6. Table of severity levels used in comparisons (Saaty, 2008)

Importance Definition Explanation
level
Equally important Both factors are equally important
1 Moderately important One factor is slightly more important
3 than the other based on experience and
Strongly important judgment
5 Very strongly important Strongly important One factor is strongly
7 Absolutely important important than another
9 They represent intermediate values. One factor is strongly more important
2,4,6,8 than the other
One factor is decisively more important
than the other.
They are intermediate values of the
degrees in the above explanations in the
preference between two factors.

The solution steps of the AHP method are given below (Önder ve Önder, 2015);

1. Identification of decision-making problems, determination of purpose,
2. Determining the decision criteria necessary to achieve the purpose,
3. Identification of possible decision alternatives,
4. Creating the hierarchical structure of the decision problem,

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5. Pairwise comparison of the criteria for each level of the hierarchy and

determining the degree of importance of the criteria by using the eigenvalues/

eigenvectors. The pairwise comparison matrix is formed as (1) in the figure

below; (1)



, i . by criterion j. It is the binary comparison value of the criterion, and the value
is obtained from . The value is written considering the numerical values corresponding
to the verbal expressions in Table 3.

6) Pairwise comparison matrices are normalized. In the normalization operation,
each element in the matrix is divided by its column sum. For the normalization process;

(2)

equality is used.

7) The priority vector is calculated, for which the sum of each row of the
normalized matrix is divided by the size of the matrix and averaged. Priority vector,

equality is used. (3)

8) Calculation of the compliance ratio, in other words, the consistency ratio is
calculated. The “consistency index (CI)” coefficient is calculated in order to determine
the consistency ratio and whether the pairwise comparison matrix is consistent. CI,

(4)

(5)

equality is used.

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8) The Random Index (Random Index-RI) value is used to evaluate the
compatibility. RI values are given in Table 7.

Table 7. Table 7. RI values according to the dimensions of the comparison

n 123 456 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

RI 0 0 0.58 0.90 1.12 1.24 1.32 1.41 1.49 1.49 1.51 1.53 1.56

By proportioning the CI and RI values to each other, the CR (Consistency Ratio-
CR) is calculated. For the comparison matrix to be consistent, i.in CR<0.1 should be.

9) The order of importance of the alternatives is determined by multiplying the
weight order of the alternatives on the basis of criteria and criteria.

Figure 1. The hierarchical structure of the problem addressed in the study.
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The hierarchical structure created for the application of the AHP method of the
study is given below.

According to the pairwise comparison data obtained from 6 experts, the average
comparison matrix of 6 experts is given in Table 8.

Table 8. Pairwise comparison matrix of criteria according to expert opinions

  C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6

C1 1 0.260 0.484 0.451 0.245 0.505

C2 3.839 1 1.305 0.967 0.659 0.741

C3 2.062 0.763 1 0.539 0.497 1.543

C4 2.206 1.029 1.846 1 0.374 1.568

C5 4.063 1.513 2.010 2.667 1 1.645

C6 1.979 1.348 0.644 0.635 0.606 1

The criteria weight values obtained using the data in Table 8 are given in Table 9.

Tablo 9. Weights of evaluation criteria of industrial heritage sites in terms of tourism potential

 Criteria Weight values Order
Socio-cultural value 0.293 1
Architectural-artistic value 0.178 2
Touristic value 0.176 3
Transformability value 0.145 4
Accessibility value 0.143 5
Economic value 0.065 6
CR 0.03

Since the CR value is 0.03<0.1, the pairwise comparison is within concordant
limits. While evaluating the potential of industrial heritage sites in terms of tourism, the
order of importance of the criteria is; socio-cultural value, architectural artistic value,
touristic value, recyclability value, accessibility value and economic value of industrial
heritage. Considering the socio-cultural value of this area as the most important criterion
in the evaluation of industrial heritage areas in terms of tourism potential shows that
tourism is more effective on the socio-cultural structure than other criteria. As a matter
of fact, there are studies in the literature (Private, Ç.H., 2014, Ersoy, 2017, Çolak and
Batman, 2021) in the direction of socio-cultural effects in the region where tourism takes
place.

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Evaluation of the Weight of Alternatives in
Accordance with the Criteria

In the study, in order to evaluate industrial heritage areas under the determined
criteria, the order of importance of industrial heritage areas was found by taking expert
opinion in terms of each criterion.

Determining the order of importance of industrial heritage sites in
terms of economic value criteria

In the context of the economic value criterion, the weight values found by the AHP
method for the order of importance of the industrial heritage areas in terms of tourism
potential are given in Table 10. The compatibility ratio of the pairwise comparison matrix
is 0.03<0.1. The inconsistency in the comparisons is within the limits of agreement.

Table 10. The order of importance of Çanakkale Industrial heritage sites in terms of economic value criteria

 Alternatives Weight values Order
Stone dwellings and stone structures 0.212 2
Olive oil factory and warehouse-bonito warehouse 0.317 1
Watermills and pillar’s houses 0.171 4
Windmills and pillar’s houses 0.198 3
Mines and quarries-mine settlements 0.101 5
CR
0.03

According to Table 10, when the industrial heritage areas are evaluated in terms
of their potential to re-add economic value, it is seen that the Olive oil factory and
warehouse-Bonito Warehouse areas take the first place in order of importance. The next
areas are stone houses and stone structures, windmills and pillar’s houses, water mills and
pillar’s houses and mines and quarries, pillar quarries, mining settlements, respectively.

Determining the order of importance of industrial heritage sites in
terms of touristic value criteria

In the context of the touristic value criterion, the weight values found by the AHP
method for the order of importance of the industrial heritage areas in terms of tourism
potential are given in Table 8. The compatibility ratio of the pairwise comparison matrix
is 0.01<0.1. Inconsistency in comparisons is within the limits of agreement .

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Table 11. order of importance of Çanakkale Industrial heritage sites in terms of touristic value criteria

Alternatives Weight values Order
Stone dwellings and stone structures 0.343 1
Olive oil factory and warehouse-bonito warehouse 0.244 2
Watermills and pillar’s houses 0.155 4
Windmills and pillar’s houses 0.175 3
Mines and quarries-mine settlements 0.083 5
CR
0.01

According to Table 11, when industrial heritage sites are evaluated in terms of
touristic value criteria, it is seen that stone houses and stone structures are in the first
place in order of importance. The following areas are, in order, Olive oil factory and
warehouse-Bonito warehouse, windmills and pillar’s houses, watermills and pillar’s
houses and mines and quarries-pillar quarries-mine settlements.

Determining the order of importance of industrial heritage sites in
terms of accessibility value criteria

In the context of accessibility value criteria, the weight values found by the
AHP method for the order of importance of industrial heritage areas in terms of tourism
potential are given in Table 9. The compatibility ratio of the pairwise comparison matrix
is 0.03<0.1. The inconsistency in the comparisons is within the limits of agreement.

Table 12. The order of importance of Çanakkale industrial heritage sites in terms of accessibility value

criteria

Alternatives Weight values Order
Stone dwellings and stone structures 0.342 1
Olive oil factory and warehouse-Bonito warehouse 0.275 2
Watermills and pillar’s houses 0.154 3
Windmills and pillar’s houses 0.132 4
Mines and quarries-mine settlements 0.096 5
CR
0.03

According to Table 12, when industrial heritage areas are evaluated in terms of
accessibility value criteria, it is seen that stone houses and stone structures are in the
first place in order of importance. The following areas are, in order, Olive oil factory
and warehouse-bonito warehouse, water mills and pillar’s houses, windmills and pillar’s
houses and mines and quarries, pillar quarries, mining settlements.

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Determining the order of importance of industrial heritage areas in
terms of architectural-artistic value criteria

In the context of the architectural-artistic value criterion, the weight values
found by the AHP method for the order of importance of the industrial heritage areas in
terms of tourism potential are given in Table 10. The compatibility ratio of the pairwise
comparison matrix is 0.01<0.1. The inconsistency in the comparisons is within the limits
of agreement.

Table 13. Order of importance of Çanakkale industrial heritage sites in terms of architectural-artistic value criteria

Alternatives Weight values Order
Stone dwellings and stone structures 0.386 1
Olive oil factory and warehouse-Bonito warehouse 0.133 4
Watermills and pillar’s houses 0.209 2
Windmills and pillar’s houses 0.201 3
Mines and quarries-mine settlements 0.070 5
CR
0.01

According to Table 13, when the industrial heritage areas are evaluated in terms
of the Architectural-Artistic value criterion, it is seen that the areas of stone houses and
stone structures take the first place in order of importance. The following areas are, in
order, water mills and pillar’s houses, windmills and pillar’s houses, olive oil factory and
warehouse-bonito warehouse and mines and quarries-mine settlements.

Determining the order of importance of industrial heritage sites in
terms of socio-cultural value criteria

In the context of the socio-cultural value criterion, the weight values found by the
AHP method for the order of importance of industrial heritage sites in terms of tourism
potential are given in Table 11. The compatibility ratio of the pairwise comparison matrix
is 0.03<0.1. The inconsistency in the comparisons is within the limits of agreement.

Table 14. The order of importance of Çanakkale industrial heritage sites in terms of socio-cultural value criteria

Alternatives Weight values Order
Stone dwellings and stone structures 0.307 1
Olive oil factory and warehouse-Bonito warehouse 0.306 2
Watermills and pillar’s houses 0.172 3
Windmills and pillar’s houses 0.152 4
Mines and quarries-mine settlements 0.063 5

CR 0.03

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According to Table 14, when industrial heritage areas are evaluated in terms of
socio-cultural value criteria, it is seen that stone houses and stone structures are in the
first place in order of importance. The following areas are, in order, Olive oil factory
and warehouse-bonito warehouse, watermills and pillar’s houses, windmills and pillar’s
houses, and mines and quarries-pillar quarries-mine settlements.

Determining the order of importance of industrial heritage sites in
terms of transformability value criterion

In the context of the Transformability value criterion, the weight values found
by the AHP method for the order of importance of the industrial heritage areas in terms
of tourism potential are given in Table 15. The compatibility ratio of the pairwise
comparison matrix is 0.01<0.1. The inconsistency in the comparisons is within the limits
of agreement.

Table 15. The order of importance of Çanakkale industrial heritage sites in terms of Transformability value criterion

Alternatives Weight values Sıra
Stone dwellings and stone structures 0.202 3
Olive oil factory and warehouse-Bonito warehouse 0.300 1
Watermills and pillar’s houses 0.136 4
Windmills and pillar’s houses 0.275 2
Mines and quarries-mine settlements 0.087 5
CR
0.01

According to Table 15, when evaluated in terms of the transformability value
criterion, it is seen that the olive oil factory and warehouse-bonito warehouse are in the
first place in order of importance. The next areas are windmills and pillar’s houses, stone
dwellings and stone structures, watermills and pillar’s houses and mines and quarries-
pillar quarries-mine settlements, respectively.

The final order of importance of industrial heritage sites is given in Table 16 when
the criterion weights matrix and the weights of the alternatives for each criterion are
combined.

The order of importance of industrial heritage sites in terms of Tourism
Potential

When the criteria weights of industrial heritage areas and the weight binary
matrices of the alternatives according to each criterion are multiplied, the weight order
of the alternatives is determined. Weight values of the process are given in Table 13. The
compatibility ratio of the pairwise comparison matrix is 0.03<0.1. The inconsistency in
the comparisons is within the limits of agreement.

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Table 16. The order of importance of industrial heritage sites in terms of Tourism Potential

Alternatives Weight values Order
Stone dwellings and stone structures 0.274 1
Olive oil factory and warehouse-Bonito warehouse 0.266 2
Windmills and pillar’s houses 0.165 3
Watermills and pillar’s houses 0.148 4
Mines and quarries-mine settlements 0.076 5
CR
0.03

According to Table 16, when the criteria weights are taken into account,
the first place in the order of importance of industrial heritage sites in Çanakkale
is Stone houses and stone monuments. Then, in order, they are Olive oil factory
and warehouse- Bonito warehouse, Windmills and pillar’s houses, Water mills and
pillar’s house and Mines and quarries-Pillar quarries-Miner settlements. In terms of
many criteria, it is seen that stone houses and stone structures, Olive oil factory and
warehouse-Bonito warehouse structures are more prominent in terms of tourism. It is
important to evaluate the areas where these structures are located in order to create a
tourism route and increase the tourism potential.

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Discussion and Conclusions

Turkey has passed to the Presidential Management System with the Official Gazette
dated 10.07.2018 and numbered 30474. According to the Presidential Management
System, the President is the head of the State and runs the executive power. There are
9 policy boards headed by the President. One of the policy boards is the “Culture and
Art Policies Board” and its task is to “form policies for the protection of our cultural and
historical heritage and the development of cultural tourism”.

It aims to keep the mission of the Ministry of Culture and Tourism alive by ensuring
the sustainable protection of the universal cultural values o​​ f our country and to increase
the share of our country in world tourism. The Ministry of Culture and Tourism is in
charge of researching, developing, preserving, keeping alive, and evaluating historical,
cultural, and touristic values, contributing to economic development, and cooperating
with all institutions and organizations.

It is aimed to carry out all kinds of research studies on the protection of industrial
cultural heritage and bring it to tourism, to base the studies on scientific data, and to bring
the industrial cultural heritage to the tourism economy. International policy documents on
the protection of industrial heritage also support the protection of cultural heritage and its
contribution to tourism, depending on scientific research and analysis.

In Çanakkale, the cultural heritage sites of the province were evaluated in terms of
economic value, touristic value, accessibility value, architectural and artistic value, and
convertibility value by taking expert opinions and when the criteria weights are taken into
consideration, stone works and residences are in the first place in the order of importance
of industrial heritage sites in Çanakkale. Accordingly, in terms of all criteria, it is
recommended that the disused Stone residences and stone structures has been completed,
should be brought into tourism with the cooperation of all institutions and organizations.

Olive oil factory and warehouse- Bonito warehouse take the second place.
International policy documents suggest integrated studies in the protection of cultural
heritage and bringing it to tourism. Turning the existing olive oil factories into visiting
areas in terms of gastronomy tourism is seen as an option in bringing olive oil factories
and warehouses-bonito warehouses to tourism.

Considering the criterias in this study, the third-place windmill and pillar houses
and the fourth-place water mill and pillar houses should be protected as industrial heritage
and brought into tourism. In terms of all criteria, it is seen that Çanakkale is in the last
place in terms of all criteria in terms of bringing mines and quarries, pillar quarries, and
mining settlements to tourism.

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10.7.2018 Tarihli 30474 sayılı Resmî Gazete
1 Nolu Cumhurbaşkanlığı Teşkilatı Hakkında
Cumhurbaşkanlığı Kararnamesi (CK).

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ISBN: 978-605-338-323-9