gvrmÅ Pvl 1
cÉ^g AaÅvq
gvrmÅ Pvl
cixÞvq Kgb ˆcGZ AbbÅ cÉGk²vîi
cÉk²1 Rvgvj cyKzGi cÉvK‡wZK LvG`Å ivRcyuwU Pvl Kivi RbÅ N DóxcGK grmÅ KgÆKZÆv RvgvjGK cÉvK‡wZK LvG`Åi
DcwÕ©wZ cixÞv KGi ˆ`LGZ eGjb ‰es Rvgvj ˆm Abyhvqx
ˆcvbv ˆQGoGQb| grmÅ KgÆKZÆvi civgGkÆ Rvgvj cyKzGi h¯¨ eÅeÕ©v wbGjb|
grmÅ KgÆKZÆvi civgkÆ Abyhvqx, cÉvK‡wZK LvG`Åi DcwÕ©wZ
QvovB `yBfvGe cÉvK‡wZK LvG`Åi DcwÕ©wZ cixÞv KGi ˆ`GLb wbYÆGqi RbÅ Rvgvj Õ¼œQ KvGPi ™ÏvGm cyKzGii cvwb wbGq mƒGhÆi
w`GK aGi ˆ`GLb ˆmLvGb chÆvµ¦ µÏvsKUGbi DcwÕ©wZ ˆbB|
cÉvK‡wZK Lv`Å ˆbB| Rvgvj cÉ^Gg cyKzGi mÁ·ƒiK Lv`Å w`Gjb, Avevi wZwb cvwbGZ ˆmwKwWÕ• WzweGq ˆ`GLb ˆh hG^Ó¡
MfxiZvqI wWÕ• ˆ`Lv hvq| A^Ævr cyKzGi cÉvK‡wZK LvG`Åi
cGi ŠRe I ivmvqwbK mvi cÉGqvM KiGjb| A wkLbdj-2 Afve iGqGQ|
Rvgvj Zvi cyKzGi cÉwZw`b wbw`ÆÓ¡ Õ©vGb wbw`ÆÓ¡ mgGq mÁ·ƒiK
K. ˆNi Kx? 1 Lv`Å cÉ`vb Kiv ÷i‚ KGib| Lv`ÅàGjv cyKzGii cvwbi wbGP
wbw`ÆÓ¡ MfxiZvq cÉGqvM KGib| mÁ·ƒiK Lv`Å w`Gj LvG`Åi
L. gvQ ˆKb cGP eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2 AcPq Kg nq| cyKzGi gvGQi RbÅ Dw«¿` I cÉvYx µÏvsKUb
RvZxq cÉvK‡wZK Lv`Å R¯ÃvGbvi RbÅ wZwb ŠRe I A‹Re mvi
M. Rvgvj KxfvGe cÉvK‡wZK LvG`Åi DcwÕ©wZ cixÞv cÉGqvM KGib| mvi cÉGqvGMi dGj wewf®² cywÓ¡ Dcv`vb
(ˆhgb- dmdivm, cUvwkqvg BZÅvw`) cvwbGZ wgGk| ‰mKj
KiGjb eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3 cywÓ¡ Dcv`vb eÅenvi KGi cvwbGZ dvBGUvµÏvsKUb ŠZwi nq|
N. grmÅ KgÆKZÆvi civgGkÆi I RvgvGji KvGRi
ˆhŒwÚKZv gƒjÅvqb KGiv| 4
1 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
K dmGji wbPz Rwg ev cwZZ Rwgi gvwU ˆKGU Pviw`GK
AvBj DuPz KGi ev euva w`Gq wPswo PvGli DcGhvMx ˆh Rjvkq
wbgvÆY Kiv nq ZvB ˆNi|
L cvwb ˆ^GK gvQ AvniGYi 4-5 N¥Ÿvi gGaÅB cPb wKÌqv ÷i‚ DcGii AvGjvPbvi ˆcÉwÞGZ ejv hvq ˆh, grmÅ KgÆKZÆvi
nq| gvGQi ˆ`Gn ˆh eÅvKGUwiqv ^vGK Zv iÚbvwji gvaÅGg civgGkÆ cÉvK‡wZK LvG`Åi AbycwÕ©wZ wbYÆq KGi Rvgvj cyKzGi
gvsmGckx big KGi gvQGK cPvq| gvGQi kixGii ‰bRvBg mÁ·ƒiK Lv`Å, ŠRe I ivmvqwbK mvi cÉGqvM KiGjb hv mÁ·ƒYÆ
gvGQi Avwgl I PweÆ fvGO| dGj gvGQi ˆKvl ˆfGO wMGq gvQ ˆhŒwÚK wQj|
cPGZ ÷i‚ KGi| Avevi Zvcgvòv e†w«¬GZ gvGQi ˆ`Gni wfZi
‰bRvBGgi wKÌqv I ivmvqwbK wKÌqv Z½ivw®¼Z nq| dGj gvQ cÉk²2 kvwgg wgqv Zvi `ywU cyKzGi gvQ Pvl Kivi RbÅ
`Ë‚Z cGP| ‰Qvov Zvcgvòv wbq¯¨Y h¯¨ bÓ¡ nGj, we`yÅGZi ˆKvb
mgmÅv nGj, AwZwiÚ gvQ ivLGj, cwienGbi mgq eid MGj cyKzi eÅeÕ©vcbv KiGZ wMGq ˆ`LGjb, cÉ^g cyKzGi gvwU I
ˆMGj gvQ cGP hvq|
cvwbi DeÆiZvi KviGY cÉvK‡wZK Lv`Å ŠZwii eÅeÕ©v iGqGQ|
M DóxcGK Rvgvj cyKzGi h¯¨ QvovB `yBfvGe cÉvK‡wZK wK¯§ w«¼Zxq cyKzGi ‰i…c cwiGek bv ^vKvq ‰LvGb gvGQi
LvG`Åi DcwÕ©wZ cixÞv KGi ˆ`GLb|
weGkl cwiPhÆv KiGZ nGe| ‰ eÅvcvGi wZwb Õ©vbxq grmÅ
cÉvK‡wZKfvGe RjvkGq ˆh Lv`Å R¯Ãvq ZvGK cÉvK‡wZK Lv`Å KgÆKZÆvi mvG^ K^v ejGj grmÅ KgÆKZÆv ZvGK KvcÆ RvZxq
eGj| cÉvK‡wZK Lv`Å wbYÆGqi RbÅ Rvgvj ‰KwU Õ¼œQ KvGPi
™ÏvGm cyKzGii cvwb wbGq mƒGhÆi AvGjvi w`GK aGi ˆ`GLb cvwbi gvQ PvGli civgkÆ ˆ`b| AeGkGl kvwgg wgqv Zvi cyKzGi
iO meyR ev ev`vwg ˆ`Lv hvGœQ bv ‰es cvwbGZ LyeB A͸
cwigvY mßy KYv I ˆQvU ˆcvKvi gGZv ˆ`Lv hvGœQ| Avevi ^vBjÅv´£ ˆ^GK Avbv ‰KwU gvQ Pvl KGib|A wkLbdj-2 I 3
Rvgvj ˆmwKwWÕ• c«¬wZ AbymvGi 20 ˆmwg eÅvmhyÚ wUGbi
‰KwU mv`v-KvGjv ^vjv mZy v «¼viv cvwbGZ Wzevb| 30 ˆmwg K. gvQ Pvl KvGK eGj? 1
‰i AwaK MfxiZvqI ˆmwKwWÕ• ˆ`Lv hvq eGj wZwb eySGZ
cvGib ˆh cÉvK‡wZK Lvevi Kg AvGQ| L. wgkÉ c«¬wZGZ gvQ Pvl ejGZ Kx ˆevS? 2
M. DóxcGKi kvwgg wgqv Zvi cyKzGi gvQ PvGl ˆKvb
c«¬wZ AejÁ¼b KiGeb? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3
N. kvwgg wgqv Zvi cyKzGi ˆKvb gvGQi Pvl KiGjb ‰es
DÚ gvGQi Lv`Å eÅeÕ©vcbv AvGjvPbv KGiv| 4
2 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
DcGi ewYÆZ `ywU c«¬wZ AbymiY KGi Rvgvj eySGZ cviGjb K ˆKvGbv wbw`ÆÓ¡ RjvkGq cwiKw͸Z I weævbwfwîK DcvGq
ˆh Zvi cyKzGi cÉvK‡wZK LvG`Åi DcwÕ©wZ Kg| A^Æ‹bwZKfvGe ài‚Z½cƒYÆ gvGQi Drcv`bGK gvQ Pvl eGj|
2 cvGéix m†Rbkxj K‡wlwkÞv w«¼Zxq cò ‰Kv`k-«¼v`k ˆkÉwY
L cyKzGi ‰KB cÉRvwZi gvQ Pvl bv KGi wewf®² cÉRvwZi gvQ 25%| mKvGj I weKvGj 2 evi Lv`Å `ywUi wgkÉY cyKzGi
‰KGò Pvl KivGK wgkÉ c«¬wZGZ gvQ Pvl eGj| wQwUGq w`GZ nGe| cÉwZgvGm Rvj ˆUGb wKQy gvQ ZzGj ‰G`i
Mo IRb ˆei KGi ˆbIqv hvq| ‰fvGe Lv`Å cÉ`vb KiGj 5-
ivÞzGm Õ¼fvGei bq, Lv`Å wbGq cÉwZGhvwMZv KGi bv, RjvkGqi 6 gvGmB gvQ 150-200 MÉvg IRGbi nq|
wewf®² Õ¦Gi evm KGi ‰es wewf®² Õ¦Gii Lvevi MÉnY KGi ‰me
àGYi KGqK cÉRvwZi gvQ ‰KB cyKzGi ‰KGò Pvl Kiv nq| DcGii AvGjvPbvq ˆ`Lv hvGœQ, mwVK Lv`Å eÅÕ©vcbvq
wgkÉ c«¬wZGZ Pvl Kivi RbÅ KvcÆ ev i‚B RvZxq gvQ ˆewk ivRcyuwUi e†w«¬ `Ë‚Z nq|
DcGhvMx| ˆhgb- wmjfvi KvcÆ, i‚B, KvZjv, KvwcÆI BZÅvw`|
cÉk²3 RvGf` bvBGjvwUKv gvQ PvGli cÉÕ§wZi mgq cvwbGZ
M kvwgg wgqvGK cÉ^g cyKzGi gvQ PvGli mbvZb I w«¼Zxq
cyKzGi wbweo c«¬wZ AejÁ¼b KiGZ nGe| wQwUGq wbÁ²wjwLZ nvGi mvi cÉGqvM KGib-
kvwgg wgqvi `ywU cyKzi iGqGQ| Zvi ‰KwU cyKzGii gvwU I
cvwb DeÆi ‰es cÉvK‡wZK Lv`Å Drcv`Gbi chÆvµ¦ eÅeÕ©v mvGii bvg kZvskcÉwZ mvGii bvg kZvskcÉwZ
iGqGQ| wK¯§ Aci cyKzGii cwiGek gvQ PvGli AbycGhvMx|
ZvB gvQ PvGli RbÅ ‰B cyKzGii weGkl cwiPhÆv KiGZ nGe| eÅenvi gvòv eÅenvi gvòv
cÉ^g cyKzGi cÉvK‡wZK Lv`Å Drcv`Gbi chÆvµ¦ eÅeÕ©v ^vKvq
kvwgg wgqv ‰B cyKzGi gvQ PvGli mbvZb c«¬wZ AejÁ¼b ˆMvei mvi 2 ˆKwR BDwiqv 100 MÉvg
KiGeb| ‰B c«¬wZGZ cyKzGi wKQy gvGQi ˆcvbv QvoGeb|
cyKzGi ˆKvGbv mvi ev Lvevi ˆ`Geb bv| gvwU I cvwbi DeÆiZvq weÓ¤v mvi 1 ˆKwR wU‰mwc 50 MÉvg
ˆh cÉvK‡wZK Lv`Å ŠZwi nq gvQ ZvB ˆLGq Rxeb aviY KGi|
AbÅ ˆKvGbv cwiPhÆvi `iKvi nq bv| KGÁ·vÕ¡ 5 ˆKwR
Aciw`GK kvwgg wgqvi w«¼Zxq cyKziwUi cwiGek gvQ PvGli ˆm gvQ Qvovi ‰K mµ¦vn ci ˆ^GK gvGQi IRGbi 2% nvGi
AbycGhvMx weavq wbweo gvQ Pvl c«¬wZ AejÁ¼b KiGeb| ‰B
c«¬wZGZ ˆKvGbv cyKzi ev Rjvkq nGZ Kg mgGq AwaK mÁ·ƒiK Lv`Å-PvGji Kzuov (90%), wdkwgj (5%), mwilvi
Drcv`b cvIqvi jGÞÅ h^vh^ cyKzi cÉÕ§ZKiY, cÉRvwZwfwîK
mwVK msLÅK I Õ¼vÕ©Åevb ˆcvbv gRy`, chÆvµ¦ cÉvK‡wZK Lv`Å ŠLj (5%) cÉGqvM KGib| wbw`ÆÓ¡ mgq ci Rvj ˆUGb jÞ
ˆhvMvb ˆ`Iqvi RbÅ wbqwgZ mvi cÉGqvM, mylg cywÓ¡i RbÅ
cwiwgZ mÁ·ƒiK Lv`Å mieivn, cvwbi àYvàY wbq¯¨Y ‰es KGib ˆh gvGQi e†w«¬i nvi LyeB Kg| ‰gZveÕ©vq, Õ©vbxq
D®²Z eÅeÕ©vcbv wZwb wbwøZ KiGeb|
grmÅ KgÆKZÆvi civgkÆ wbGj wZwb mvi I mÁ·ƒiK Lv`Å
AZ‰e Kvw›LZ Drcv`b I A^‹Æ bwZK D®²wZ jvGf kvwgg
wgqvGK cyKzGi gvQ PvGli ˆÞGò DwÍÏwLZ c«¬wZàGjv AejÁ¼b cÉGqvGMi wbqg I cwigvY wkwLGq ˆ`b| wkLbdj-2 I 4
KiGZ nGe|
K. gvrmÅ Pvl Kx? 1
N kvwgg wgqv Zvi cyKzGi ivRcuywU gvQ Pvl KiGjb| ‰
gvGQi PvGl fvGjv djb ˆcGZ chÆvµ¦ cwigvY mÁ·ƒiK Lv`Å L. bvBGjvwUKv gvQ Pvl jvfRbK ˆKb? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2
cÉGqvM KiGZ nq|
M. RvGf` Zvi cyKzGi mvi cÉGqvM KGiGQb ˆKb? eÅvLÅv
ivRcyuwU gvGQi cÉvK‡wZK Lv`Å nGjv dvBGUvµÏvsKUb,
RyµÏvsKUb, kÅvIjv, ‰ÅvGRvjv, cvbvRvZxq Dw«¿` BZÅvw`| ‰ KGiv| 3
mKj cÉvK‡wZK Lv`Å ŠZwi Kivi RbÅ cwiwgZ gvòvq ŠRe I
A‹Re mvi cÉGqvM KiGZ nGe| ŠRe mvi wnGmGe cÉwZ kZGK N. RvGfG`i cyKzGi mvi I mÁ·ƒiK Lv`Å cÉGqvGMi
15 ˆKwR ˆMvei A^ev nvu m-gyiwMi weÓ¤v cyKzGi w`GZ nGe|
A‹Re mvi wnGmGe cÉwZ kZGK 100-150 MÉvg BDwiqv ‰es h^v^ÆZv gƒjÅvqb KGiv| 4
60-80 MÉvg wU‰mwc w`GZ nGe|
3 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
cÉvK‡wZK LvG`Åi cvkvcvwk ivRcyuwU gvQGK cÉwZw`b Š`wnK
IRGbi 4-6% nvGi mÁ·ƒiK Lv`Å w`GZ nGe| mÁ·ƒiK LvG`Å K gvrmÅ Pvl nGjv Lv`ÅGhvMÅ I A^Æ‹bwZK ài‚Z½mÁ·®² RjR
PvGji Kzuov ev MGgi fzwm ^vKGe 75% ‰es mwilvi ŠLj
cÉvYxG`i (ˆhgb gvQ, wPswo, KuvKov, kvgyK, wSbyK BZÅvw`)
weævb mÁÃZ DcvGq cÉRbb nvi e†w«¬i cÉGPÓ¡v, cvjb, weGePbv
cÉmƒZ msMÉn I msiÞY|
L bvBGjvwUKv gvQ ‰KwU DœP djbkxj I `Ë‚Z eaÆbkxj gvQ
eGj ‰wUi Pvl jvfRbK|
bvBGjvwUKv gvQ 3-4 gvGm weKÌqGhvMÅ nq| ZzjbvgƒjKfvGe
AwaK ˆivM cÉwZGiva ÞgZvmÁ·®²| bvBGjvwUKv AMfxi
Rjvkq, Õ¼v`y I jeYvÚ cvwbGZ Pvl Kiv hvq| ‰G`i mÁ·ƒiK
Lv`Å Kg jvGM| cÉwZ weNv RwgGZ evwlÆK bvBGjvwUKv PvGl 3-
5 Rb gvbyGli KgÆmsÕ©vb nq| ‰ gvGQi Pvl c«¬wZ mnR,
Pvl eÅq Kg I Drcv`b ˆewk eGj jvfRbKfvGe ‰wU Pvl
Kiv hvq|
M RvGf` Zvi cyKzGi µÏÅvâUGbi Drcv`b e†w«¬i jGÞÅ mvi
cÉGqvM KGiGQb| µÏÅvâUb Z^v dvBGUvµÏÅvâUb I RyµÏÅvâUb
gvGQi DrK‡Ó¡ cÉvK‡wZK Lv`Å| ‰G`i gGaÅ dvBGUvµÏÅvâUGbi
DcwÕ©wZi Ici gvGQi Drcv`b AwaK wbfÆi KGi| cyKzGi
dvBGUvµÏÅvâUGbi AvwaGKÅi RbÅ bvBGUÇvGRb, dmdivm,
cUvwkqvg cÉf‡wZ cywÓ¡ Dcv`vb cÉGqvRb| cvwbGZ ‰Bme
gvrmÅ Pvl 3
Dcv`vb AGbK mgq chÆvµ¦ cwigvGY ^vGK bv| ZvQvov gvQ 4 bs cGÉ k²i Dîi
AvniY, cvwb cwieZÆb ‰es AbÅvbÅ cÉvK‡wZK KviGY cyKzGi K Avgb avbGÞGZ ˆnÙi cÉwZ Mj`v wPswoi djb 100-150
cywÓ¡ Dcv`vGbi cwigvY KGg hvq| ZvB cvwbGZ mvi eÅenvi ˆKwR nq| A
KGi ‰àGjvi cÉGqvRbxq ˆhvMvb ˆ`Iqv nq| chÆvµ¦ cÉvK‡wZK
Lv`Å Drcv`Gbi gvaÅGg gvGQi cÉGqvRbxq cywÓ¡ wbwøZ KGi L mGƒ hÆi AvGjv cyKzGii cÉvK‡wZK Lv`Å Drcv`bGK cÉfvweZ
Drcv`b e†w«¬i RbÅB RvGf` Zvi cyKzGi mvi cÉGqvM KGi|
KGiGQb|
cyKzGii Õ©vb wbaÆviGYi mgq mƒGhÆi AvGjv cyKzGi chÆvµ¦ cGo
N RvGfG`i bvBGjvwUKv gvQ PvGli cyKzi cÉÕ§wZi mgq mvi wKbv ˆmw`GK jÞ ivLGZ nGe| cÉvK‡wZK LvG`Åi Ici gvGQi
Drcv`b AGbKvsGk wbfÆikxj| chÆvµ¦ cÉvK‡wZK AvGjvi AfvGe
I mÁ·ƒiK Lv`Å cÉGqvGMi nvi h^v^Æ bq| ‰ gvQ PvGli RbÅ mvGjvKmsGkÏlY evavMÉÕ¦ nq dGj µÏvsKUb Drcv`b nq bv|
cyKzGii cvGo eo aiGbi MvQcvjv I cvwbGZ AvMvQv ^vKGj Zv
mvi cÉGqvGMi mcy vwkK‡Z nvi nGjv cyKzGi mhƒ ÆwKiY cÉGeGk euvav ˆ`q| ZvB cvwbi Dci nGZ RjR
Dw«¿` AcmviY KiGZ nGe| A
mvGii cwigvY/kZvs mvGii bvg cwigvY/
bvg k kZvsk
ˆMvei 6-7 ˆKwR BDwiqv 100-150 MÉvg M nvwdGRi DÚ dmjwU nGjv evM`v wPswo|
mvi ˆNGi ‰B wPswo Pvl KiGZ nGj KGqKwU welq weGePbv KiGZ
nGe| ‰B welqàGjv nGjv@
weÓ¤v mvi 1-2 ˆKwR wU‰mwc 50-75 MÉvg mÓy ¤z I KvwiMwi eÅeÕ©vcbvq evM`v wPswo PvGli RbÅ ˆNGii
AvqZb 3-7 ˆnÙi nGZ nGe| ˆNGii Pvwiw`GK ˆeÓ¡wb euva
(nuvm-gyiwM) wbgÆvY KiGZ nGe ‰es ˆNi memgq AvMvQv I ˆkIjvgyÚ
ivLGZ nGe| ˆNi ‰jvKvq 7-10% ‰jvKvRyGo cvwb mieivn
KGÁ·vÕ¡ 8-10 ˆKwR I wbÓ•vkb bvjv ^vKGZ nGe| Pvl ‰jvKvi Pvwn`vbyhvqx 20%
RvqMvq bvmÆvwi cyKzi Õ©vcb KiGZ nGe| ˆNGii MfxiZv
QGK cÉ`î cwigvY mvi cÉGqvM Kiv nGj cyKzGi chÆvµ¦ cwigvGY 1.2-1.5 wgUvi nGZ nGe| ˆNGii ÕÏyBmGMGUi msLÅv, AvqZb
cÉvK‡wZK Lv`Å ŠZwi nGe| ‰Qvov, `Ë‚ZZg mgGq gvGQi chÆvµ¦ ‰gbfvGe wbaÆviY KiGZ nGe ˆhb cÉwZ ˆRvqvGi KgcGÞ
e†w«¬i RbÅ mvaviYZ ˆcvbv gRyG`i ci 25% ˆcÉvwUb mg†«¬ 30% cvwb ˆXvKvGbv ev e`jvGbv hvq| ˆNGii gvwUi AÁÏgvb
mÁ·ƒiK Lv`Å cÉwZw`b cyKzGi gvGQi ˆ`n IRGbi 5-6% nvGi ev pH 7.0 ‰i DcGi nGZ nGe| ‰QvovI evM`v wPswo PvGli
cÉGqvM KiGZ nq| mÁ·ƒiK LvG`Åi gGaÅ PvGji Kzuov 53%, mgq cvwbi jeYvÚZv 10-15 wcwcwU ‰i gGaÅ nGZ nGe|
wdkwgj 10%, mwilvi ŠLj 30.5%, wfUvwgb I LwbR wgkÉY ‰B welqàGjv ˆLqvj ˆiGLB ˆNGi wPò-2 ‰i cÉvYxwU A^vÆ r
0.5% I wPUvào 6% cÉGqvM KiGj gvGQi LvG`Åi Pvwn`v evM`v wPswo Pvl Kiv nq|
mÁ·ƒYÆi…Gc cƒiY nq| ‰ Dcv`vbàGjv àuov KGi ‰KGò wgwkGq ˆNGi ˆcvbv gRyG`i cƒGeÆ ivÞzGm I AevwçZ gvQ `ƒi KiGZ
cvwb w`Gq gí ŠZwi KGi ˆgwkGb wcGjU AvKvGi ŠZwi KiGZ nGe| gvwU ˆkvab I DeÆiZv evovGZ kZKcÉwZ 1 ˆKwR nvGi
nq ‰es ÷wKGq cyKzGi cÉGqvM KiGZ nq| Pzb cÉGqvM KiGZ nGe| wPswoi ˆcvbv ˆNGi Qvovi cƒGeÆ
RvGfG`i mvi cÉGqvM I mÁ·ƒiK Lv`Å cÉGqvGMi cwigvY jÞ cwienb eÅvM ev cvò ˆNGii cvwbGZ AvavN¥Ÿv fvwmGq Lvc
KiGj ˆ`Lv hvq, wZwb cÉGqvRGbi Zzjbvq AGbK Kg cwigvGY
ŠRe mvi cÉGqvM KGiGQb ‰es A‹Re mvGii cwigvYI mwVK
wQGjv bv| dGj cÉvK‡wZK Lv`Å Drcv`b eÅvnZ nGe| A^vÆ r
RvGfG`i mvi I mÁ·ƒiK Lv`Å cÉGqvGMi nvi h^v^Æ wQGjv bv|
cÉk²4 nvwdR mvZÞxiv ˆRjvi evwm±`v| wZwb ˆNGi evM`v LvBGq wbGZ nGe| cÉvK‡wZK Lv`Å Drcv`Gbi ˆhvMvb wVK
wPswo Pvl KGi mdjZv jvf KGib| AbÅ grmÅ Pvwl nvi‚b ivLGZ cÉwZ kZGK 80-100 MÉvg BDwiqv I 30-40 MÉvg
‰fvGe evM`v wPswo PvGli RbÅ Zvi wbKU civgkÆ Pvq| wU‰mwc mvi cÉGqvM KiGZ nGe| ˆgNjv w`Gb mvi cÉGqvM Kiv
nvwdR evM`v wPswo PvGl ˆNi wbgÆvGYi cÉwZ ài‚Z½vGivc KGib| hvGe bv| eRÆÅ c`v^Æ I cwiZÅÚ Lv`Å ˆei Kivi RbÅ cÉGqvRb
‰Qvov nvwdR nvi‚bGK ˆcvbv gRyG`i cƒGeÆ ˆNi ˆ^GK ivÞzGm AbymvGi 20-50% cvwb e`j KiGZ nGe| wPswoi fvGjv e†w«¬
gvQ `ƒixKiY, mwVK cwigvGY Pzb I mvi cÉGqvGMi civgkÆ I cÉvK‡wZK LvG`Åi Afve cƒiY KiGZ mÁ·ƒiK Lv`Å cÉGqvM
wkLbdj-2 I 11 KiGZ nGe| Drcv`b Kvw›ÞZ chÆvGq ivLGZ wbqwgZ wPswoi
ˆ`b| B
K. Avgb avbGÞGZ ˆnÙicÉwZ Mj`v wPswoi djb KZ Õ¼vÕ©Å cixÞv KiGZ nGe|
nq? 1 N nvwdR, nvi‚bGK ˆNGi ˆcvbv gRyG`i cƒGeÆ ivÞzGm gvQ
L. cyKzGii gvGQi Drcv`bkxjZvq AvGjvi cÉfve eÅvLÅv `ƒixKiY ‰es Pzb I mvi cÉGqvM KiGZ eGjb| A
KGiv| 2 ivÞzGm gvQ wPswo ‰es wPswoi Lv`Å ˆLGq ˆdGj| ivÞzGm gvQ
M. nvwdGRi DÚ dmj PvGl D«¬Z‡ ài‚Z½cƒYÆ avcwU `ƒi KiGZ nGj ˆNi ev cyKzi ÷wKGq ˆdjGZ nGe| ‰QvovI
eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3 cÉwZ kZK AvqZGbi cyKzGi 18-25 MÉvg ˆivGUbb cÉGqvM
N. nvwdGRi nvi‚bGK ˆ`Iqv civgkÆwU gƒjÅvqb KGiv| 4 KiGZ nGe| gvwU ˆkvab I ‰i DeÆiZv evovGbvi RbÅ ‰es
4 cvGéix m†Rbkxj K‡wlwkÞv w«¼Zxq cò ‰Kv`k-«¼v`k ˆkÉwY
ÞwZKi MÅvm `ƒixKiY I ˆivMevjvB wbq¯¨GYi RbÅ cyKzGi Pzb Lv`Å RG¯Ã bv| ZvB cyKzGii RjR MvQ, cyKzi cvGoi
cÉGqvM Kiv nq| kZK cÉwZ 1.5 ˆKwR Pzb àuov KGi ev ˆSvcSvo I AvMvQv wkKomn DcGi ˆdjv cÉGqvRb| ivÞzGm
cvwbGZ àwjGq cyKzGii ZjG`k I cvGo fvGjvfvGe wQwUGq ‰es AevwçZ gvQ cyKzGii AbÅvbÅ gvGQi mvG^ Lvevi wbGq
w`GZ nGe| cyKzi Pvl ˆ`Iqvi 2-3 w`b ci A^ev wel cÉwZGhvwMZv KGi ‰es AGbK mgq AbÅ gvQGK ˆLGq ˆdGj|
cÉGqvGMi 7-8 w`b ci Pzb cÉGqvM KiGZ nGe| Pzb cÉGqvGMi ZvB cyKzi ˆ^GK ivÞzGm gvQ mwiGq ˆdjGZ nq A^ev cÉwZ
5-7 w`b ci mvi cÉGqvM KiGZ nGe| kZK cÉwZ ˆMvei 5-7 kZGK 20-30 MÉvg ˆivGUbb ev cÉwZ kZGK 4wU dmUwÝb
ˆKwR, BDwiqv 100 MÉvg ‰es wU‰mwc 50 MÉvg cÉGqvM KiGZ UÅveGjU cÉGqvM KiGZ nq|
nGe| mvi cÉGqvGMi 3-5 w`b ci cÉvK‡wZK Lv`Å ŠZwi nGqGQ mZy ivs ejv hvq, DchyÚ cyKzi wbeÆvPb I DwjÐwLZ
wKbv Zv cixÞv KGi ˆ`LGZ nGe| eÅeÕ©vcbvmgƒn mwVKfvGe mÁ·®² bv Kivi KviGY ZvwgGgi
DcwiDÚ KvRàGjv mwVKfvGe mÁ·®² KiGj ˆcvbv ˆeGo IVvi cyKzGii gvQàGjvi mwVK e†w«¬ nqwb|
RbÅ AbyK„j cwiGek cvGe ‰es Drcv`b fvGjv nGe| ZvB
nvi‚bGK ˆ`Iqv nvwdGRi civgkÆwU h^vh^ wQj| N cyKzGi ivRcyuwU gvGQi PvGli RbÅ mwVK gvòvq ˆcvbv
gRyG`i mvG^ mvG^ Pzb I mvi cÉGqvM Kiv Ri‚wi| A
cÉk²5 Zvwgg 200 kZK AvqZGbi cyKzGi ivRcyuwUi Pvl Pzb cÉGqvGM gvwUi ˆfŒZ I ivmvqwbK àYvàY fvGjv nq| cvwbi
pH 8.5 ‰i ˆewk nGj Pzb cÉGqvGMi cÉGqvRb ˆbB| AbÅ^vq
KGib| grmÅ AvniGYi mgq nGq ˆMGjI gvQàGjv ˆZgb eo ÷KGbv cyKzGi cÉwZ kZGK 1-2 ˆKwR Pzb cÉGqvM KiGZ nGe|
cyKzi ÷KvGbv mÁ¿e bv nGj ‰KB nvGi A^Ævr kZvsk cÉwZ 1
nqwb| ‰B mgmÅvi K^v wZwb grmÅ KgÆKZÆvGK RvbvGjb| ˆKwR Pzb cvwbGZ wgwkGq mgÕ¦ cyKzGi wQwUGq w`GZ nGe|
cyKzGi mvi cÉGqvM Kiv nGj gvGQi cÉvK‡wZK Lv`Å µÏvsKUb ‰i
mewKQy ÷Gb grmÅ KgÆKZÆv ZvGK cyKzGii gvwU I cvwbi Drcv`b e†w«¬ cvq, dGj gvGQi Drcv`b eüàGY ˆeGo hvq|
ZvB cyKzGi cwiwgZ gvòvq ŠRe I A‹Re mvi cÉGqvM KiGZ
àYvàGY ‰es cyKzi ŠZwiGZ ò‚wU iGqGQ eGj RvbvGjb| wZwb nGe| Pzb cÉGqvGMi 5-7 w`b ci ŠRe mvi wnGmGe cÉwZ kZGK
15 ˆKwR ˆMvei mvi A^ev nvu m-gyiwMi weÓ¤v w`GZ nGe| cÉwZ
mvweÆKfvGe cyKzGi ˆcvbv gRy`, Pzb I mvi cÉGqvGMi ˆÞGò kZGK 100-150 MÉvg BDwiqv ‰es 60-80 MÉvg wU‰mwc mvi
w`GZ nGe| mvi cÉGqvGMi 7 w`Gbi gGaÅ ˆcvbv gRy` KiGZ
h^vh^ civgkÆ w`Gjb| A wkLbdj-3 nGe| miKvwi ev ˆemiKvwi Lvgvi ˆ^GK ˆcvbv msMÉn KGi
cÉwZ kZGKi cyKzGi 5-7 ˆmwg AvKvGii 70-75wU ˆcvbv
K. ˆKvb ˆ`k ˆ^GK ivRcyuwU gvQ meÆcÉ^g Avg`vwb Kiv QvoGZ nGe| mvaviYZ ŠekvL ˆ^GK KvwZÆK gvm chƯ¦ ˆcvbv
cvIqv hvq| ˆQvU AvKvGii ˆcvbvi ˆPGq gRy` ˆcvbvi g†ZzÅi
nq? 1 nvi ˆewk nq|
ivRcyuwU PvGl cyKzGi mwVK gvòvq Pzb I mvi cÉGqvM KGi ˆcvbv
L. ivRcyuwU PvGli mwy eav ˆjGLv| 2 gRy` KiGj gvGQi Kvw›ÞZ djb cvIqv mÁ¿e| AZ‰e ejv
hvq, grmÅ KgÆKZÆvi civgkÆwU ˆhŒwÚK|
M. ZvwgGgi cyKzGi gvQàGjv mwVKfvGe e†w«¬cÉvµ¦ bv
cÉk²6
nIqvi KviY eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3
N. grmÅ KgÆKZÆvi civgkÆwU gƒjÅvqb KGiv| 4
5 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
K ^vBjÅv´£ ˆ^GK ivRcyuwU gvQ meÆcÉ^g Avg`vwb Kiv nq|
L ivRcyuwU gvQ AwaK Drcv`bkxj| ˆh ˆKvGbv ˆgŒmywg/
evrmwiK cyKzi, ˆWvev ev cwZZ RjvkGq ‰i Pvl Kiv hvq| A
AGcÞvK‡Z wei…c cwiGek, weGkl KGi ˆLvjv cvwbGZ Pvl Kiv
hvq| Pvl eÅÕ©vcbv mnR I LiP Kg nq| KvcÆ RvZxq gvGQi
mvG^ wgkÉ Pvl Kiv hvq| ‰ gvQ 4-6 gvGmi gGaÅ weKÌqGhvMÅ
nq| ˆLGZ myÕ¼v`y eGj evRvigƒjÅI ˆewk| A
M ivRcyuwU PvGli RbÅ ZvwgGgi cyKzi ŠZwi I cyKzGii gvwU I wPò : K wPò : L
cvwbi àYvàY ò‚wUcƒYÆ wQj| A
ivRcyuwU PvGli DcGhvMx cyKzGii gvwU ˆ`vAuvk I cwj ˆ`vAuvk A wkLbdj-3
nGj fvGjv nq| gvwUi wc‰BP 6.0-8.0 ‰i gGaÅ nGj Zv gvQ
PvGli RbÅ Dîg| 100 MÉvg gvwUGZ 8-10 wgwjMÉvg K. ˆgŒmywg cyKzi KvGK eGj? 1
bvBGUÇvGRb ^vKv `iKvi| cvwbi eYÆ nvjKv meyR nGj Zv
gvGQi RbÅ Dîg| ivRcyuwU PvGli cyKzGii cvwbi MfxiZv L. cyKzi cÉÕ§wZGZ Pzb cÉGqvGMi cÉGqvRbxqZv eÅvLÅv
KgcGÞ 1.5 wg ˆ^GK 3 wg chƯ¦ nGZ nq| cyKzGii AvqZb
25-100 kZK nGj fvGjv| ebÅv ev ˆRvqvGii cvwbGZ ZwjGq KGiv| 2
bv hvq ‰RbÅ cyKzGii cvo DuPz KiGZ nq| cyKzGii Zjvq Kv`v
^vKGj Zv AcmviY KiGZ nq| RjR AvMvQv gvGQi cywÓ¡ M. wPò-K ‰i gvQwU ˆKvb ˆivGM AvKÌv¯¦ nGqGQ? eÅvLÅv
Dcv`vb MÉnY KGi ‰es cyKzGi mGƒ hÆi AvGjv cÉGeGk evav ˆ`q
‰gbwK cvwbGZ AwÝGRGbi cwigvY KwgGq ˆ`q, dGj gvGQi KGiv| 3
N. wPò-L ‰i gvQwU ˆh ˆivGM AvKÌv¯¦ Zvi cÉwZKvi I
cÉwZGivGa Kx Kx eÅeÕ©v ˆbIqv hvq? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 4
gvrmÅ Pvl 5
6 bs cÉGk²i Dîi K. gvQ PvGli cÉPwjZ c«¬wZ KqwU? 1
K ˆh cyKzGi eQGii wbw`ÆÓ¡ mgq (3-8 gvm) chƯ¦ cvwb ^vGK L. àYMZ gvbmÁ·®² gvGQi ˆcvbv ˆPbvi Dcvq ˆjGLv|2
‰es ‰K eQGii Kg mgGq evRviRvZ Kiv hvq ‰gb `Ë‚Z
eaÆbkxj gvQ Pvl Kiv nq ZvGK ˆgŒmywg cyKzi eGj| M. DóxcGK Avõyi iwnGgi gvGQi ˆivMwU ˆKvb aiGbi?
L mvaviYZ cyKzGii gvwU I cvwbi AÁÏZ½ `ƒixKiY ‰es eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3
`ƒlYgÚy ivLvi RbÅ Pzb cÉGqvM Kiv nq|
N. DóxcGK DwÍÏwLZ ˆivM cÉwZKvGii ˆÞGò Avõyi
Pzb gvwU I cvwbGK ˆkvab KGi gvGQi RbÅ cÉGqvRbxq
KÅvjwmqvg mieivn KGi| dGj gvwU I cvwbi DeÆiZv e†w«¬ iwnGgi KiYxq weGkÏlY KGiv| 4
cvq| cvwbi wc‰BP wVK ivGL| cvwbi ˆNvjvZ½ Kgvq I
cwiÓ•vi ivGL| Pzb ÞwZKi KxUcZã I ˆivMRxevYyI a»sm 7 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
KGi| ‰Qvov cÉGqvMK‡Z mvGii KvhÆKvwiZv e†w«¬ KGi| ‰RbÅ
cyKzi cÉÕ§wZGZ Pzb cÉGqvM Kiv cÉGqvRb| K gvGQi cÉPwjZ Pvl c«¬wZ `ywU, h^v : (i) cÉvK‡wZK Pvl
c«¬wZ, (ii) K‡wòg Pvl c«¬wZ|
M wPò-K ‰i gvQ ÞZGivGM AvKÌv¯¦ nGqGQ| A
ÞZGivGM gvGQi MvGq ˆQvU ˆQvU jvj `vM ˆ`Lv hvq| jvj L gvQ PvGli ˆÞGò ˆcvbv wbeÆvPb ‰KwU ài‚Z½cƒYÆ avc| gvQ
`vGMi Õ©vGb Mfxi ÞZ nq| ÞGZ Pvc w`Gj `yMÆ®¬ I cyuR PvGli mdjZv wbfÆi KGi AGbKUv ˆcvbv wbeÆvPGbi Ici|
ˆei nq| AvKÌv¯¦ gvGQi ˆjR I cvLbvi wKQy Ask cGP LGm ‰RbÅ àYMZ gvbmÁ·®² ˆcvbv ˆPbv LyeB Ri‚wi|
cGo| AGbK mgq gvGQi ˆPvL bÓ¡ nGq hvq| gvQ `yeÆj nq
‰es fvimvgÅnxbfvGe cvwbi DcwifvGM PjvGdiv KGi| àYMZ I gvbmÁ·®² ˆcvbv ˆPbvi KGqKwU Dcvq nvGjv (i)
AvKÌv¯¦ gvQ Lv`Å MÉnY KGi bv ‰es `Ë‚Z gviv hvq| cÉwZ ˆcvbvi Š`NÆÅ 3-5 ˆmwg, (ii) kixGi Õ¼vfvweK eYÆ we`Ågvb
DóxcGKi wPò-K ‰i gvQwUGZ ÞZ ‰es ˆjR I cvLbvi cPb I (iii) ˆcvbv `Ë‚Z mçvjbÞg BZÅvw`|
ˆ`Lv hvGœQ| AZ‰e, gvQwU ÞZGivGM AvKÌv¯¦|
M Avõyi iwnGgi PvlK‡Z gvQ ˆjR I cvLbv cPv ˆivGM
N wPò-L ‰i ˆivMwU nGjv ˆjR I cvLbv cPv ˆivM| AvKÌv¯¦ nGqGQ|
eÅvKGUwiqvi AvKÌgGY ‰B ˆivMwU nGq ^vGK|
‰B ˆivMwUi wPwKrmvq wmjfvi bvBGUÇU (AgNO3) QvovI ˆjR I cvLbv cPv eÅvKGUwiqvRwbZ ˆivM hvi dGj gvGQi
cvwbGZ 2.5% mvaviY jeY wgwkGq AvKÌv¯¦ gvQGK ˆMvmj kixGi iÚ KGg wMGq dÅvKvGk nGq ˆMGQ| Lv`Å MÉnGY Ai‚wP,
KivGZ nGe| ‰QvovI MvGqi wcwœQj AveiY KGg ˆMGQ| gvQ SuvKzwb w`Gq PjvGdiv
÷i‚ KGiGQ| ˆjR I cvLbv LGm coGQ| gvGQi PjvGdiv
gvGQi cÉwZGKwR LvevGi 25 wg.MÉv. ˆUUÇvmvBwKÑb wgwkGq fvimvgÅnxb nGq cGoGQ| AvKÌv¯¦ Õ©vGb QòvK RG¯Ã ÞGZi
cici mvZ w`b LvIqvGZ nGe| RvqMvi cwigvY evwoGq w`GœQ| cvwbi àYMZ gvb bÓ¡ nGœQ|
cwiGek `ƒwlZ nGœQ| KÌgv®¼Gq gvQ gviv hvGœQ|
cyKzGi gRy`K‡Z gvGQi NbZ½ KgvGZ nGe|
dGj Avõyi iwnGgi PvlK‡Z gvQ ˆ^GK Avkvbyi…c Drcv`b
cyKzGi ŠRe mvGii eÅenvi mvgwqK e®¬ ivLGZ nGe| AvmGQ bv ‰es Avw^ÆKfvGe ÞwZMÉÕ¦ wPwb nGœQ|
cyKzGii gvwU I cvwbi àYvàGYi cÉwZ `†wÓ¡ ivLGZ nGe| N DwÍÏwLZ ˆivMwU nGjv ˆjR I cvLbv cPv ˆivM|
cyKzGi mwVK gvòvq mÕy ©-mej I D®²Z RvGZi ˆcvbv gRy`
eÅvKGUwiqvi AvKÌgGY ‰B ˆivMwU nGq ^vGK|
KiGZ nGe| ‰B ˆivMwUi wPwKrmvq wmjfvi bvBGUÇU (AgNO3) QvovI
cvwbGZ 2.5% mvaviY jeY wgwkGq AvKÌv¯¦ gvQGK ˆMvmj
ebÅvi cvwbGZ ˆhb cyKzi ÞwZMÉÕ¦ bv nq ˆmw`GK ˆLqvj ivLGZ
nGe| KivGZ nGe| ‰QvovI
gvGQi cÉwZGKwR LvevGi 25 wg.MÉv. ˆUUÇvmvBwKÑb wgwkGq
cyKzGi wbqwgZ I cwiwgZ mvi ‰es Lv`Å cÉGqvM wbwøZ
KiGZ nGe| cici mvZ w`b LvIqvGZ nGe|
A^Ævr, AgNO3 eÅenvi Kiv QvovI ‰ ˆivGMi wPwKrmvq cyKzGi gRy`K‡Z gvGQi NbZ½ KgvGZ nGe|
cyKzGii mvweÆK cwiGek iÞv ‰es gvGQi Lv`Å eÅeÕ©vcbv cyKzGi ŠRe mvGii eÅenvi mvgwqK e®¬ ivLGZ nGe|
mwVKfvGe KiGZ nGe|
cyKzGii gvwU I cvwbi àYvàGYi cÉwZ `†wÓ¡ ivLGZ nGe|
cÉk²7 Avõyi iwng gvQ PvGli cÉwkÞY MÉnY KGiGQb| cyKzGi mwVK gvòvq mÕy ©-mej I D®²Z RvGZi ˆcvbv gRy`
wZwb ‰K cÉwZGekxi AbyGcÉiYvq Zvi cyKzGi ivRcyuwU I
bvBGjvwUKv `yB cÉRvwZi gvQ ˆQGoGQb| wbqgvbyhvqx mKj KiGZ nGe|
KvR KGiI Avõyi iwng gvQ PvGl Avkvbyi…c djb cvb wb|
KviY gvQ Qvovi wKQyw`b ci wZwb gvGQi ˆjGR mv`v mv`v ebÅvi cvwbGZ ˆhb cyKzi ÞwZMÉÕ¦ bv nq ˆmw`GK ˆLqvj ivLGZ
`vM ‰es me gvGQi cvLbv fvOv ˆ`LGZ cvb| wkLbdj-3 I 4 nGe|
cyKzGi wbqwgZ I cwiwgZ mvi ‰es Lv`Å cÉGqvM wbwøZ
KiGZ nGe|
A^Ævr, AgNO3 eÅenvi Kiv QvovI ‰ ˆivGMi wPwKrmvq
cyKzGii mvweÆK cwiGek iÞv ‰es gvGQi Lv`Å eÅeÕ©vcbv
mwVKfvGe KiGZ nGe|
6 cvGéix m†Rbkxj K‡wlwkÞv w«¼Zxq cò ‰Kv`k-«¼v`k ˆkÉwY
cÉk²8 ˆmZveMé KGjGRi K‡wl wkÞK ibwRr wms K‡wl bgybv kbvÚKvix wm«¬v¯¦
bgybv-3 ŠewkÓ¡Å
wkÞvi eÅenvwiK KÑvGm wZbwU ˆivMvKÌv¯¦ gvQ ˆ`wLGq mv`v `vM ˆivGM
(1) gvGQi gv^v, AvKÌv¯¦
QvòQvòxG`i ejGjb, gvQ wZbwUi ‰KwU WÈcwm, ‰KwU mv`v c†Ó¤G`n I
cvLbvq Þz`Ë Þz`Ë
`vM ˆivM I AciwU AcywÓ¡RwbZ ˆivGM AvKÌv¯¦| ‰Lb ˆZvgiv ˆMvjvKvi mv`v
`vM ˆ`Lv hvq|
gvQ wZbwUi ˆivM kbvÚ KGiv| KÑvm ˆkGl mÅvi QvòQvòxG`i (2) ˆ`n AwZwiÚ
wcwœQj gGb nq|
DGóGkÅ ejGjb, gGb ivLGe “ˆivM cÉwZKvGii ˆPGq cÉwZGiva
Dîg|” AwkLbdj- 3 I 4
K. gvGQi eÅvKGUwiqvRwbZ `ywU ˆivGMi bvg ˆjGLv| 1
L. gvGQi mylg LvG`Åi DcGhvwMZv eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2
M. ibwRr mÅvGii ˆ`LvGbv bgybv gvQ wZbwUi kbvÚKvix N grmÅ KgÆKZÆv `yjvjGK meGkGl eGjwQGjb, ‘ˆivM
ŠewkÓ¡ÅàGjv eYÆbv KGiv| 3 wbivgGqi ˆPGq cÉwZGiva Dîg’ ‰ DwÚwU KvhÆKi Kivi RbÅ
N. DóxcGKi K‡wlwkÞK ibwRr mÅvGii ˆkGlvÚ wbÁ²wjwLZ c`GÞc MÉnY KiGZ nGe|
1. RjvkGqi PvGlvcGhvMx cwiGek eRvq ivLGZ nGe|
DwÚwUi gƒjÅvqb KGiv| 4 2. RjvkGq mwVK gvòvq mÕy ©, mej I D®²Z RvGZi ˆcvbv
8 bs cÉGk²i Dîi gRy` KiGZ nGe|
3. cyKziwU nGZ nGe ˆLvjvGgjv I AvMvQvgyÚ|
K gvGQi eÅvKGUwiqvRwbZ `ywU ˆivGMi bvg nGjv : (1) mv`v 4. cyKzGi ˆKvGbv AevwèZ ev ÞwZKviK cÉvYx XzKGZ ˆ`Iqv
`vM ˆivM I (2) WÈcwm ev ˆcUdzjv ˆivM|
hvGe bv|
L gvGQi mylg LvG`Åi DcGhvwMZv wbÁ²i…c: 5. ebÅvi cvwb ˆhb cyKzGi bv XzGK ˆmw`GK bRi ivLGZ
(1) mly g mÁ·ƒiK Lv`Å cÉGqvGM gvGQi `Ë‚Z e†w«¬ wbwøZ nq|
(2) cyKzi nGZ A͸ mgGq AwaK gvQ I gybvdv jvf Kiv hvq| nGe|
(3) ‰ Lv`Å cÉGqvGM ˆcvbvi euvPvi nvi e†w«¬ cvq I g†ZzÅi nvi 6. cyKzGi wbqwgZ I cwiwgZ gvòvq mvi I mÁ·ƒiK Lv`Å
nvË m cvq| cÉGqvM wbwøZ KiGZ nGe|
(4) ‰ RvZxq Lv`Å cÉGqvGM cyKzi ˆ^GK mÕy © I mej ˆcvbv 7. eQGi 2/3 evi cyKzGi cv^yGi Pzb eÅenvi KGi ˆivMRxevYy
cvIqv hvq| gyÚ ivLGZ nGe|
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kiYvc®² nGj wZwb KweiGK ‰ ˆivM cÉwZGivGai wKQy welq 1. ˆcvbvGK 2.5% jeY cvwbGZ 5-7 wgwbU ˆMvmj w`Gq
mÁ·GKÆ AewnZ KGib| wkLbdj-4 I 8 RxevYygyÚ KGi Zvici gRy` KiGZ nGe|
2. cyKzGi cÉwZ kZvsGk 125 MÉvg nvGi WGjvPzb cÉGqvM KiGZ
K. ivÞzGm gvQ KvGK eGj? 1
nGe|
L. gvGQi mly g Lv`Å ŠZwiGZ ÷uUwKi àuov AwaK 3. AvKÌv¯¦ gvQGK 1 wcwc‰g ZuyZ A^ev 2.5% jeY `ËeGY
cÉGqvRbxq ˆKb? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2 mµ¦vGn 1 evi wnGmGe ˆgvU 3 evi PzweGq Zvici cwiÓ•vi
cvwbGZ ˆQGo w`GZ nGe|
M. Kwei KxfvGe Zvi wPswo PvGli Rwg cÉÕZ§ KiGe? eÅvLÅv 4. gvGS gGaÅ Pzb cÉGqvM KiGZ nGe ‰es cyKzi kvgyK gyÚ ivLGZ
nGe|
KGiv| 3 5. cyKzGi mvi cÉGqvM mvgwqKfvGe e®¬ ivLGZ nGe|
DwÍÏwLZ eÅeÕ©v MÉnY KiGj Kwei Zvi cyKzGii gvGQi mv`v
N. Kwei Kx aiGbi eÅeÕ©v wbGj gvGQi ˆivGMi ÞwZ `vM ˆivGMi ÞwZ ‰ovGZ cviGeb|
cÉk²13
‰ovGZ cviGZb? weGkÏlY KGiv| 4
wPò-1
12 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
wPò-2
K ˆh mKj gvQ PvGli AbÅ gvQGK ˆLGq ˆdGj ‰es
PvlGhvMÅ gvGQi RvqMv, Lv`Å, AwÝGRb mewKQyGZB fvM emvq A wkLbdj-6
ˆm mKj gvQGK ivÞzGm gvQ (ˆkvj, MRvi, UvwK BZÅvw`)
eGj| K. AvaywbK gvQ Pvl c«¬wZGK Kq fvGM fvM Kiv hvq? 1
L. wPswoi cyKzGi cvwb cwieZÆb KiGZ nq ˆKb? 2
L mly g LvG`Å Avwgl, ˆÕ²nc`v^Æ, LwbR c`v^Æ, kKÆiv I M. wPò-1 ‰i wPswoi Š`wnK ŠewkÓ¡Å eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3
wfUvwgb ^vGK| gvGQi mly g Lv`Å ŠZwiGZ ÷uUwK gvGQi àuov N. wPò-1 ‰es wPò-2 ‰i gGaÅ cv^ÆKÅ weGkÏlY KGiv| 4
AvwgGli cÉavb Drm wnGmGe KvR KGi|
gvGQi ˆ`n MVGbi RbÅ ˆh Dcv`vbwU cÉ^Gg cÉGqvRb ˆmwU 13 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
nGjv Avwgl| AvwgGli AfvGe ˆ`Gni Õ¼vfvweK e†w«¬ I K AvaywbK gvQ Pvl c«¬wZGK 5 fvGM fvM Kiv hvq|
ÞqcƒiY nq bv| dGj ˆ`Gni IRb KgGZ ^vGK| AcywÓ¡RwbZ ˆhgb (i) Õ©vb I Avevm (ii) wbweoZv (iii) PvGli chÆvq (iv)
ˆivM ˆ`Lv ˆ`q| djkÉ‚wZGZ gvQ PvGli mvG^ hviv RwoZ Zviv wgkÉ c«¬wZGZ Pvl (v) cÉRvwZi msLÅv| A
ÞwZi mÁÃyLxb nb| ‰ RbÅ gvGQi mly g Lv`Å ŠZwiGZ ÷uUwK
àuov AwaK cÉGqvRbxq|
M KweGii mgw®Z¼ Pvl c«¬wZwU nGjv avGbi mvG^ Mj`v
wPswoi Pvl|
‰KB RwgGZ ‰KB mgGq ‰KvwaK dmj Drcv`b KivGK
mgw®¼Z Pvl eGj| Kwei wbGÁ²vÚ DcvGq Zvi wPswo PvGli Rwg
cÉÕ§Z KiGe|
ˆh RwgGZ eQGi 3-4 gvm mgq ‰es 10-20 ˆmwg MfxiZvq
cvwb AvUGK ivLv hvGe ‰gb Rwg wbeÆvPb KiGZ nGe| Rwgi
AvBj kÚ, gReyZ ‰es DuPz KGi ŠZwi KiGZ nGe| cvwbi
MfxiZv mgvb ivLvi RbÅ Rwgi mKj Õ©vGb Pvl w`Gq mgZj
ivLGZ nGe| RwgGZ fvGjvfvGe Pvl ˆ`qvi ci cÉPwjZ wbqGg
ivmvqwbK mvi I ˆMvei wgwkGq Rwg ŠZwi KiGZ nGe| Rwgi
Xvj Abyhvqx ˆÞGZi wfZGi AvovAvwofvGe KGqKwU bvjv Lbb
KiGZ nGe| cÉwZwU bvjv 50-60 ˆmwg Mfxi ‰es 60-
100ˆmwg cÉkÕ¦ nGZ nGe| bvjvi gv^vq wKsev msGhvMÕ©vGb
bvjvi ˆPGq Mfxi I cÉkÕ¦ KGi MZÆ Lbb KiGZ nGe, hvi
MfxiZv nGe 1 wgUvi| avGbi Pviv mvwie«¬fvGe ˆivcb KiGZ
10 cvGéix m†Rbkxj K‡wlwkÞv w«¼Zxq cò ‰Kv`k-«¼v`k ˆkÉwY
L cyKzGii cvwbi àYvàGYi Ici wPswoi Õ¼vÕ©Å I Drcv`b ŠewkÓ¡Å Mj`v wPswo evM`v wPswo
wbfÆikxj|
µÏyiv w«¼Zxq D`i LíGKi w«¼Zxq D`i LíGKi
wPswo PvGli RbÅ cvwbi wbw`ÆÓ¡ wKQy àYvàY eRvq ivLv Ri‚wi| µÏyiv cÉ^g I Z‡Zxq µÏyiv ˆKej cÉ^g
fvGjv wPswo Drcv`Gbi RbÅ cvwbi Õ¼œQZv 25-35 ˆm.wg. nGZ
LíGKi µÏyivGK LíGKi µÏyivGK
nq| cvwbi Zvcgvòv 18-34 ˆm. I wc. ‰BP 7-8.5 ‰i
gGaÅ ^vKGZ nq| `xNÆw`b cyKzGi ‰KB cvwb ^vKGj ‰B Ave†Z ivGL| Ave†Z KGi ivGL|
àYvàYàGjv eRvq ^vGK bv dGj wPswoi Drcv`Gb cÉfve cGo| eGÞvcvã cÉ^g `ywU Dcvã cÉ^g wZb Dcvã
‰ KviGYB wPswoi cyKzGi cvwb gvGS gvGS cwieZÆb KiGZ nq|
wPGjGU ev muvovwki wPGjGU ev muvovwki
M DóxcGK wPò-1 nGjv Mj`v wPswo| Mj`v wPswoi Š`wnK bÅvq AsGk bÅvq AsGk i…cv¯¦wiZ
ŠewkÓ¡Å wbÁ²i…c A i…cv¯¦wiZ nq| nq|
Mj`v wPswo AvKvi-AvK‡wZGZ ˆek eo| ‰ wPswo Š`GNÆÅ
meÆvwaK 320 wgwg ‰es IRGb cÉvq 350 MÉvg nGq ^vGK| AvevmÕ©j cÉavbZ Õ¼v`y cvwb| ˆjvbv cvwb|
‰G`i ˆ`n mvaviYZ nvjKv bxj ev nvjKv ev`vgx iGOi nGq
^vGK| gv^v (KÅvivGcm) ˆ`Gni Zzjbvq ˆek eo| Mj`vi ˆWviv `vM ˆ`Gni D`i AsGk ˆ`n nvjKv aƒmi,
ˆcvbvi KÅvivGcGmi ˆLvjGm 2-5wU KvjGP AvovAvwo `vM
ˆWviv `vM ˆ`Lvq| D`i AsGk `vM ˆ`Lv
^vGK| Mj`v wPswoi w«¼Zxq D`i LíGKi µÏyiv 1g I 3q D`i
LíGKi µÏyivGK AvswkKfvGe Ave†Z KGi ivGL| cÉ^g `yBwU hvq|
eÞ Dcvã wPGjGU i…cv¯¦wiZ nq| w«¼Zxq wPGjU DcvãwU ˆek
eo, wPgUvhyÚ ‰es bxj I wKQyUv KvjGP iGOi nGq ^vGK| Õ¨x eYÆ nvjKv meyR ˆ^GK nvjKv ev`vwg|
wPswo wWgàGjv àœQvKvGi wµÏIcW ev m¯¦iY cG`i gvGS enb
ev`vwg|
KGi| ˆivÕ¡Èvg ˆek jÁ¼v I DcGii w`GK euvKvGbv| ˆivÕ¡ÈvGgi
DcGii w`GK 11-14wU ‰es wbGPi w`GK 8-14wU LuvR ^vGK| 3q gÅvwÝwjGcW 4-6wU mw®¬ 7wU mw®¬ wewkÓ¡|
DcwiDÚ Š`wnK ŠewkÓ¡Å ˆ`GL mnGRB Mj`v wPswoGK kbvÚ
Kiv hvq| wewkÓ¡|
DwÍÏwLZ ŠewkGÓ¡Åi AvGjvGK evM`v I Mj`v wPswoi cv^ÆKÅ
ˆevSv hvq|
cÉk²14 wbGPi wPò `ywU jÞ Ki ‰es mswkÏÓ¡ cÉk²àGjvi
Dîi `vI:
N wPò 1 I wPò 2 «¼viv h^vKÌGg Mj`v I evM`v wPswoGK
ˆevSvGbv nGqGQ|
ˆhme wPswo wgVv ev Õ¼v`y cvwbGZ evm KGi ZvG`iGK Mj`v wPswo
eGj| Avevi ˆhme wPswo ˆjvbv ev AvavGjvbv cvwbGZ evm KGi wPò: K wPò: L
ZvG`iGK evM`v wPswo eGj| wbGÁ² Mj`v I evM`v wPswoi AwkLbdj- 7 I 8
ŠewkÓ¡ÅMZ cv^ÆKÅ weGkÏlY Kiv nGjv: K. wPswoi `ywU ˆivGMi bvg ˆjGLv| 1
ŠewkÓ¡Å Mj`v wPswo evM`v wPswo L. Õ¼v`y cvwbGZ wPswo PvGli DcGhvwMZv eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2
gv^v I eo ‰es ˆ`Gni ˆQvU ‰es ˆ`Gni M. wPò-L cyKzGi Pvl Kivi ˆKŒkj eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3
KÅvivGcm IRGbi cÉvq IRGbi cÉvq ‰K-
N. wPò-K I wPò-L ‰i gGaÅ ˆKvbwU evsjvG`Gk PvGli
AGaÆK| Z‡Zxqvsk|
ˆewk myGhvM iGqGQ? weGkÏlY KGiv| 4
ˆivÕ¡Èvg jÁ¼v I euvKvGbv| LvGUv I ˆmvRv|
14 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
ˆivÕ¡ÈvGg KuvUvi ˆivÕ¡ÈvGgi ˆivÕ¡ÈvGgi DcwifvGM
msLÅv DcwifvGM KuvUvi KuvUvi msLÅv 7-8wU K wPswoi `ywU ˆivM nGjv ˆLvjm kÚ nIqv ‰es MvGq
msLÅv 11-14wU ‰es wbGPi w`GK 2- ˆkIjv cov|
3wU|
‰es wbGPi w`GK L Õ¼v`y cvwb ev wgVv cvwb ejGZ Avgiv mvaviYZ AjeYvÚ I
8-14wU|
Š`bw±`b wewf®² KvGR eÅenvi DcGhvMx cvwbGK eywS| ˆhgb
AÅvbGUwbDj AÅvbGUwbDj wZbwU AÅvbGUwbDj `ywU cyKzi, b`x, Lvj, wej BZÅvw`i cvwb|
dÑvGRjvhyÚ| dÑvGRjvhyÚ|
wkGiveÞ ˆ`Gni wkGiveÞ ˆ`Gni wkGiveÞ evsjvG`Gk Pvlvev`K‡Z Mj`v I evM`v wPswoi gGaÅ Mj`v Õ¼v`y
AskwU AbÅvbÅ Aã AskwU Aci AsGki cvwbGZ PvGli DcGhvMx| evM`v PvGl Õ¼v`y cvwb eÅenvi Kiv
ˆhgb D`i Ask Zzjbvq Õ¼vfvweK| hvq bv| Mj`v wPswo Õ¼v`y cvwbi cÉvYx nGjI wKQyUv jeYvÚ
AGcÞv eo I cvwbGZI ‰i Pvl Kiv mÁ¿e| Mj`v wPswo avbGÞGZ, cyKzGi ev
D®²Z| ˆNGi Pvl Kiv nq|
gvrmÅ Pvl 11
M wPò-L ˆZ Mj`v wPswo ˆ`LvGbv nGqGQ| cÉk²15 Avwgb 5 ˆnÙi AvqZGbi Rwgi avbGÞGZ avGbi
Mj`v wPswo PvGli RbÅ cÉ^Gg ebÅvgyÚ, mhƒ ÆvGjvKcƒYÆI cvwb
mieivGni eÅeÕ©v AvGQ ‰gb cyKzi wbeÆvPb KiGZ nGe| mvG^ Mj`v wPswo Pvl KGib| grmÅ KgÆKZÆvi civgkÆ
Mj`v wPswoi ˆcvbv gRyG`i cƒGeÆ cyKzi ˆ^GK ivÞzGm I
AevwçZ gvQ `ƒi KiGZ nGe| cyKzGii AevwçZ cÉvYx ˆgvZvGeK wZwb Rwg cÉÕ§wZi mgq mwVK gvòvq Pzb I mvi
AcmviGYi RbÅ ˆivGUbb I AvMvQv `ƒixKiGYi RbÅ ™ÏvBGmj
cÉGqvM Kiv ˆhGZ cvGi| cyKzGi cÉwZ kZGK cÉGqvRbgvwdK Pzb cÉGqvM KGib| grmÅ KgÆKZÆv AvwgbGK ˆcvbv gRyG`i cÉwZ
‰es 1-2 ˆKwR ˆMvei, 100 MÉvg BDwiqv I 50 MÉvg wU‰mwc
cÉGqvM KiGZ nGe| cyKzGii gvwU Clr Þvixq, cvwbi AÁÏgvb hðkxj nIqvi civgkÆ w`Gjb| wkLbdj-8
7.5-8.0 I cvwbi jeYvÚZv 0-4 wcwcwU ^vKGZ nGe|
cyKzGii cvwbGZ chÆvµ¦ cÉvK‡wZK LvG`Åi DcwÕ©wZ wbwøZ KGi K. aƒgvwqZKiY KvGK eGj? 1
cÉwZ kZGK wZwb 600wU ˆcvbv QvoGZ nGe| cÉvK‡wZK LvG`Åi
cvkvcvwk wPswoGK cÉwZw`b 2 evi ˆ`Gni ˆgvU IRGbi 3-5% L. Mj`v wPswoi ˆgjvGbvwmm I cv Lmv ˆivGMi
nvGi mÁ·ƒiK Lv`Å cÉ`vb KiGZ nGe| cyKzGi wPswo ˆeuGP
^vKvi nvi, Š`wnK e†w«¬, ˆivMevjvB wbi…cY I kbvÚKiGYi jÞYàGjv ˆjGLv| 2
RbÅ wbqwgZfvGe cyKzi chÆGeÞY KiGZ nGe|
DwÍÏwLZ eÅeÕ©vcbvi gvaÅGg cyKzGi wPswo Pvl Kiv hvq| M. AvwgGbi Rwgi Pzb I mvGii cwigvY DGÍÏLmn Rwg
N DóxcGK DwÍÏwLZ wPò-K «¼viv evM`v wPswo I wPò-L «¼viv cÉÕ§wZ eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3
Mj`v wPswoGK wbG`Æk Kiv nGqGQ| Mj`v I evM`v wPswoi
gGaÅ evsjvG`Gk Mj`v wPswo PvGli myGhvM ˆewk iGqGQ| N. grmÅ KgÆKZÆvi civgkÆ gƒjÅvqb KGiv| 4
`Ë‚Z eaÆbkxj, ZzjbvgƒjK ˆewk myÕ¼v`y, DœP evRvi gƒjÅ I
weG`Gk Pvwn`v ^vKvq Mj`v wPswoi Pvl ‰G`Gk DîGivîi 15 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
e†w«¬ cvGœQ| AbyK„j Rjevqy, gvwU I cvwbi KviGY evsjvG`k
c†w^exi AbÅZg Mj`v wPswo Drcv`bKvix ˆ`k wnGmGe K KvV ˆcvovGbvi dGj Drc®² ˆauvqv eÅenvi KGi ˆh
cwiwPwZ jvf KiGQ| Mj`v wPswo wgVv ev Õ¼v`y cvwbGZ Pvl c«¬wZGZ gvQ msiÞY Kiv nq ZvGK aƒgvwqZKiY eGj| A
Kiv nq| cyKzi, w`wN, Lvj, wej, euvIo BZÅvw` RjvkGq
‰KKfvGe wKsev i‚B RvZxq gvGQi mvG^ Mj`v wPswo Pvl Kiv L Mj`v wPswoi ˆgjvGbvwmm ˆivGMi jÞY nGjv dzjKvq
hvq| eZÆgvGb avbGÞGZI Mj`v wPswo Pvl Kiv hvq| ˆRvqvi-
fvUv AçGji wbPz ‰jvKvq b`xi Õ¼v`y ev g†`y jeYvÚ cvwbGZ cPb I KvGjv `vM ˆ`Lv hvq| wPswoi Õ¼vfvweK is bÓ¡ nq,
ˆNi wbgÆvY KGiI ‰ wPswo Pvl Kiv nGœQ| AbÅw`GK, evM`v e†w«¬i nvi KGg ‰es ˆkl chƯ¦ gGi hvq| A
wPswo ÷aygvò evsjvG`Gki DcK„jxq ‰jvKvq ˆjvbv cvwbGZ
Pvl Kiv mÁ¿e| dGj ˆ`Lv hvq ˆh, Mj`v wPswoi Zzjbvq cv Lmv ˆivGMi jÞY nGjv- m¯¦iY c` ˆfGO hvq ev LGm
evM`v wPswoi PvGli ˆÞò Kg| covq wPswo muvZvi KvUGZ cvGi bv|
K‡wl WvBwi 2018 ‰i Z^Åvbyhvqx, AvgvG`i ˆ`Gk cÉvq 36wU
Mj`v wPswoi nÅvPvwi iGqGQ| mbvZb c«¬wZGZ Mj`v wPswo M Avwgb 5 ˆnÙi AvqZGbi RwgGZ avGbi mvG^ Mj`v
PvGl cuywR Kg jvGM ‰es ˆZgb ˆKvGbv cwiPhÆvi `iKvi nq wPswoi Pvl KGib| avbGÞGZi DuPz ‰jvKv avGbi RbÅ ‰es
bv| Avevi avbGÞGZ Mj`v wPswo PvGli gvaÅGg AwaK Avq wbPz ‰jvKv Mj`vi RbÅ DchyÚfvGe ŠZwi KiGZ nGe|
Kiv mÁ¿e| ‰QvovI ˆNGi evM`v wPswo PvGl cwiGeGki Dci AvwgGbi RwgGZ Pzb I mvGii cwigvY DGÍÏLmn Rwg cÉÕ§wZ
wei…c cÉfve cGo wK¯§ Lvgvi chÆvGq Mj`v PvGl cwiGeGki
ˆZgb ÞqÞwZi Avkâv ^vGK bv eGj ‰wU A^Æ‹bwZKfvGe mÁ·GKÆ wbGP ˆ`Iqv nGjv A
LyeB ZvrchÆcƒYÆ| cÉ^Gg Rwgi cvwb wbKvk KGi ÷KvGZ nq| cÉwZ kZGK 1 ˆKwR
nvGi Pzb cÉGqvM KiGj AvwgGbi RwgGZ 1235 ˆKwR Pzb cÉGqvM
DcwiDÚ AvGjvPbvi ˆcÉwÞGZ ejv hvq ˆh, evsjvG`Gk evM`v KiGZ nGe| cÉwZ kZGK 5 ˆKwR nvGi ŠRe mvi cÉGqvGM
wPswoi Zzjbvq Mj`v wPswo PvGli myGhvM ˆewk| AvwgGbi RwgGZ 6175 ˆKwR ŠRe mvi cÉGqvM KiGZ nGe|
avGc avGc cvwb mieivn Kiv nq| RwgGZ cÉGqvRbgZ cvwb
w`Gq 3-4wU Pvl I gB w`Gq gvwU ^K^GK Kv`vgq KiGZ nGe|
Rwg gB w`Gq mgZj KGi gqjv AveRÆbv I AvMvQv cwiÓ•vi
KiGZ nGe| µÏvsKUGbi Drcv`Gbi RbÅ wbqwgZ mvi cÉGqvM
KiGZ nGe| mvGii cwigvY avGbi RvGZi Ici wbfÆikxj|
Mj`v wPswo PvGl avGbi RwgGZ cÉwZ ˆnÙGi 230 ˆKwR BDwiqv,
wU‰mwc 138 ˆKwR, ‰gIwc 92 ˆKwR ‰es wRcmvg 69 ˆKwR
cÉGqvM KiGZ nq| ˆm wnGmGe AvwgGbi RwgGZ 1150 ˆKwR
BDwiqv, 690 ˆKwR wU‰mwc, 460 ˆKwR ‰gIwc ‰es 345
ˆKwR wRcmvg cÉGqvM KiGZ nGe|
avbGÞGZ Mj`v wPswo PvGli mdjZv jvGfi RbÅ DcwiDÚ
c«¬wZGZ Rwg cÉÕ§wZ KGi mvi I Pzb cGÉ qvM KiGZ nGe|
N grmÅ KgÆKZÆv AvwgbGK ˆcvbv gRyG`i cÉwZ hðkxj nIqvi
civgkÆ ˆ`b|
cvwb I gvwUi àYvàGYi Ici wfwî KGi mwVK gvòvq
D®²ZgvGbi ˆcvbv gRyG`i IciB gvQ PvGli mdjZv
AGbKvsGk wbfÆikxj| ZvB ˆcvbv gRy` KiGZ wbÁ²wjwLZ
welqàGjv ˆgGb PjGZ nq
12 cvGéix m†Rbkxj K‡wlwkÞv w«¼Zxq cò ‰Kv`k-«¼v`k ˆkÉwY
Mj`vi ˆcvbv avbGÞGZ Qvovi RbÅ wKQy welGqi cÉwZ ài‚Z½ nGj 1 ˆKwR nvGi Pzb cÉGqvM KiGZ nq| 247 kZGK 1 ˆnÙi
w`GZ nq| ˆRvqvGii cvwbi msGhvM AvGQ ‰gb b`-b`xGZ weavq gvmyG`i 2 ˆnÙi Rwgi wc‰BP 5 nGj RwgGZ 1482-
Mj`v wPswoi ˆcvbv mviv eQi cvIqv hvq| ZvQvov wewf®² 1976 ˆKwR, wc‰BP 5.5 nGj 988-1482 ˆKwR, wc‰BP 6
miKvwi I ˆemiKvwi wPswo nÅvPvwiàGjvGZI Mj`v wPswoi nGj 494-988 ˆKwR I wc‰BP 6.5 nGj 494 ˆKwR Pzb
ˆcvbv msMÉn Kiv nq, avbGÞGZ Mj`v wPswo Pvl KiGZ cÉwZ cÉGqvM KiGZ nGe| wc‰BP 7 nGj Avi Pzb cÉGqvM KiGZ nGe
ˆnÙGi 10-15 nvRvi ˆcvbv Qvov nq| ZvB AvwgGbi RwgGZ bv| cÉvK‡wZK Lv`Å ŠZwii RbÅ ŠRe I A‹Re mvi cÉGqvM
50-75 nvRvi ˆcvbv QvoGZ nGe| ˆcvbv KgcGÞ 5 ˆmwg jÁ¼v KiGZ nq| ˆNGi cvwb mieivGni 5-7 w`b ci mvi cÉGqvM
nIqv DwPZ| ˆÞGZ avb ˆivcGYi 20-25 w`b ci wPswoi KiGZ nq| cÉwZ ˆnÙGi ˆMvei 20 ˆKwR, BDwiqv 1 ˆKwR I
ˆcvbv QvoGZ nq, Lvwj ev ˆLvjv RwgGZ ˆcvbv bv QvovB Dîg| wU‰mwc 1 ˆKwR ‰KmGã àwjGq wQwUGq w`GZ nq| ˆm wnmvGe
RwgGZ ˆcvbv Qvovi meGPGq fvGjv mgq mKvj I weKvj gvmyG`i RwgGZ cÉwZw`b 40 ˆKwR ˆMvei, 2 ˆKwR BDwiqv
ˆejv| ˆh cvGò ˆcvbv Avbv nq Zv ˆÞGZi cvwbGZ wKQyÞY ‰es 2 ˆKwR wU‰mwc w`GZ nGe| ˆNGii gvwUi DeÆiZv, cvwbi
WzweGq ivLvi ci hLb ˆÞGZi I cvGòi cvwbi Zvcgvòv mgvb MyYvàY, mÁ·ƒiK Lv`Å cÉGqvM, cvwb eÅeÕ©vcbvi Ici ˆcvbv
nq ZLb cvòwU KvZ KGi AvGÕ¦ AvGÕ¦ ˆcvbv QvoGZ nGe| QvoGZ nq| mvi cÉGqvGMi 10-15 w`b ci 5-7 ˆmwg
ZvnGj ˆcvbvàGjv ZvGci ˆKvb AvKwÕÃK cwieZÆGbi wkKvi AvKvGii ˆcvbv QvoGZ nq| cÉwZ Pvl c«¬wZGZ cÉwZ kZvsGk
nGe bv| 80-100wU A^Ævr gvmyG`i ˆNGi 39520-49400wU ˆcvbv
Avwgb mwVK c«¬wZGZ ˆcvbv gRyG`i gvaÅGg Kvw›ÞZ djb QvoGZ nGe|
jvf KiGZ cviGeb| ZvB grmÅ KgÆKZÆvi ˆ`Iqv civgkÆwU cwiGkGl ejv hvq, ˆNGi mwVK cwigvGY Pzb I mvi cÉGqvM
AvwgGbi RbÅ AZů¦ gƒjÅevb| ‰es ˆcvbv gRy` Kiv mdj LvgvGii cƒekZÆ|
cÉk²16 gvmy` wbPz ‰jvKvi gvbyl| wZwb 2 ˆnÙi Rwgi ˆNGi N gvmy` ˆNGi Mj`v wPswo Pvl KGib|
ˆNi nGjv AGcÞvK‡Z wbPz avGbi Rwg ev cwZZ Rwg hvi
Mj`v wPswo Pvl KGib| wZwb ˆNGi mwVK cwigvGY Pzb I mvi Pviw`GK AvBj ev euva DuPz KGi wbgÆvY Kiv nq|
Mj`v wPswo evsjvG`Gki ‰K ài‚Z½cƒYÆ grmÅ mÁ·`| ˆ`Gki cÉvq
cÉGqvM KGib| ˆcvbv gRyG`i nvi I c«¬wZi cÉwZ jÞ ivGLb| mKj ‰jvKvi Õ¼v`y cvwbi Rjvkq Mj`v wPswo PvGli RbÅ
DchyÚ| Afů¦ixY ‰es Av¯R¦ ÆvwZK evRvGi wPswoi eÅvcK Pvwn`v
meGkGl ˆNGi Mj`v wPswo Pvl KGi wZwb mdjZv jvf KGib| AvGQ weavq Mj`v wPswo Pvl hG^Ó¡ jvfRbK| ˆ`Gki AGcÞvK‡Z
wbPz avGbi RwgGZ ˆNi c«¬wZGZ Mj`v wPswo Pvl Kiv ˆhGZ
wkLbdj-8 cvGi| elÆvKvGj ˆNi cvwbGZ fGi hvq eGj ‰B ˆgŒmyGg avb Pvl
Kiv mÁe¿ nq bv| ˆNGi ‰wcÉj-ˆg ev ŠekvL-ŠRÅÓ¤ gvGm avb
K. Mj`v wPswo KZ gvGmi gGaÅB cÉRbb mÞg nq? 1 KvUvi ci Mj`v wPswoi Pvl Kiv nq A^vÆ r ˆNGi cÉ^Gg avb
PvGli ci ˆmLvGb wPswo Pvl Kiv nq| Avevi wPswo AvniGYi ci
L. AvgvG`i ˆ`Gki Rjvkq nGZ grmÅ mÁ·` nvË Gmi ˆmLvGb avb Pvl Kiv nq| eZÆgvGb ˆ`Gki `wÞY-cwøgvçGj ˆNi
c«¬wZGZ Mj`v wPswo Pvl Kiv nGœQ|
KviY eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2 mZy ivs gvmy` ˆNGi Mj`v wPswo PvGli ˆh wm«¬v¯¦ MÉnY
KGiGQb Zv AZů¦ mgGqvcGhvMx ‰es jvfRbK|
M. gvmyG`i ˆNGi Pzb, mvi I ˆcvbv gRyG`i cwigvY
wbYÆq KGiv| 3
N. evsjvG`Gki ˆcÉÞvcGU gvmyG`i KvhÆKÌgwU gƒjÅvqb
KGiv| 4
16 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
K Mj`v wPswo 5-6 gvGmi gGaÅB cÉRbGb mÞg nq| A
L A^Æ‹bwZK ài‚Z½mÁ·®² mKj RjR cÉvYx grmÅ mÁ·G`i cÉk²17 ‰nmvb 20 kZK AvqZGbi cyKzGi Mj`v wPswo
A¯¦MÆZ evsjvG`Gki b`-b`x, Lvj-wej I nvIi-euvIˆo w`b w`b
grmÅ mÁ·` nËvm cvGœQ| Zvi KviY cwj RGg Rjvkq fivU PvGli RbÅ grmÅ KgÆKZÆvi civgkÆ wbGjb| grmÅ KgÆKZÆv
nGq AvqZb nËvm cvGœQ| wWgIqvjv gvQ aGi ˆLGq ˆdjv nGœQ|
wbweÆPvGi ˆcvbv wbab Kiv nGœQ| K‡wl RwgGZ KxUbvkGKi ZvGK cyKzi wbeÆvPb mÁ·GKÆ aviYv w`Gjb| ‰Qvov wZwb ˆcvbv
cÉGqvM, wk͸ eRÆÅ I AbÅvbÅ `ƒwlZ eRÆÅ «¼viv cvwb `ƒlGYi dGj
gvGQi AvevmÕ©j AbycGhvMx nGq gvQ gviv hvGœQ| A gRyG`i cieZÆxGZ Lv`Å eÅeÕ©vcbv, mvi cÉGqvM, cvwb
eÅeÕ©vcbv mwVKfvGe Kivi RbÅ civgkÆ w`Gjb|wkLbdj-8
M gvmy` 2 ˆnÙi Rwgi ˆNGi Mj`v wPswo Pvl KGib| A K. evsjvG`Gki b`-b`xi AeevwnKv cÉvq KZ fvM
Mj`v wPswo PvGli ˆNi wbgÆvY ˆkl nGj gvwUi AÁÏgvb wbq¯¨Y,
RxevYygyÚKiY I DeÆiZv e†w«¬ Kivi RbÅ Pzb cÉGqvM KiGZ gvGQi Drm? 1
nq| gvwUi wc‰BP 5 nGj cÉwZ kZGK 3-4 ˆKwR, wc‰BP
5.5 nGj 2-3 ˆKwR, wc‰BP 6 nGj 1-2 ˆKwR I wc‰BP 6.5 L. wPswoi AvkÉqÕ©Gji wbgÆvY c«¬wZ eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2
M. DwÍÏwLZ dmj PvGl grmÅ KgÆKZÆvi ˆ`Iqv aviYvwU
eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3
N. grmÅ KgÆKZÆvi civgkÆwU gƒjÅvqb KGiv| 4
gvrmÅ Pvl 13
17 bs cÉGk²i Dîi evqexqKiGYi eÅeÕ©v wbGZ nGe| ‰fvGe cvwb eÅeÕ©vcbvi
dGj Avkvbyi…c Drcv`b cvIqv mÁ¿e|
K evsjvG`Gki b`-b`xi AeevwnKv cÉvq 70 fvM gvGQi
Drm| A cyKzGi Mj`v wPswoi ˆcvbv gRy` cieZÆx KvRàGjv mwVKfvGe
mÁ·®² KiGj Kvw›ÞZ Drcv`b cvIqv mÁ¿e| ZvB ejv hvq,
L wPswo ˆNGii Zjvq wKQy Dw«¿` ^vKGj Zv wPswoi Lv`Å I grmÅ KgÆKZÆvi civgkÆwU h^vh^ wQj|
AvkÉGqi KvR KGi| Dw«¿` bv ^vKGj Zvj, bvwiGKj I ˆLRyi
MvGQi ÷KGbv cvZv, euvk, wjwMDg RvZxq bq ‰gb MvGQi cÉk²18 bvwmi Zvi 20 kZK AvqZGbi dmGji RwgGZ ˆNi
Wvjcvjv w`GqI RjvkGqi Zjvq AvkÉqÕ©j m†wÓ¡ Kiv hvq| A
ŠZwi KGi Mj`v wPswo PvGli wm«¬v¯¦ MÉnY KGib| ˆNiGK wPswo
M ‰nmvGbi 20 kZK AvqZGbi cyKzGi Mj`v wPswo PvGli
RbÅ grmÅ KgÆKZÆv ZvGK cyKzi wbeÆvPb welGq aviYv w`Gjb| A PvGli DcGhvMx KGi cÉÕ§Z Kivi RbÅ gvwU I cvwbi àYvàGYi
ˆh ˆKvGbv gvQ PvGli RbÅ PvGli Õ©vb DGÍÏLGhvMÅ| PvGli
Õ©vGbi Ici gvQ PvGli mdjZv wbfÆi KGi| ‰RbÅ ebÅvgyÚ cÉwZ jÞ ivGLb| H ˆNGi Mj`v wPswoi ˆcvbv gRyG`i cieZÆx
‰jvKv, mGƒ hÆi AvGjv cGo, cvwb mieivGni eÅeÕ©v AvGQ,
ˆhvMvGhvM fvGjv ‰gb Õ©vGb cyKzi wbeÆvPb KiGZ nGe| avcàGjv mwVKfvGe AbymiY KGib| wkLbdj-8
cyKzGii Rwgi DcwifvM cÉvq mgZj ev ‰Kw`GK mvgvbÅ Xvjy
nGj fvGjv nq| cyKzGii AvqZb 10 kZK ˆ^GK 1 ‰Ki ‰es K. evsjvG`Gk dmj PvGli gGaÅ KZ fvM RwgGZ avGbi
MfxiZv 1-1.5 wgUvi nGj fvGjv nq| cyKzGii gvwU ˆ`vAuvk,
‰uGUj ˆ`vAuvk, ˆeGj ˆ`vAuvk nGZ nGe| ‰me gvwUi cvwb Pvl nq? 1
aviY ÞgZv ˆewk ‰es ‰ gvwU w`Gq mnGRB ˆNi ev euva ŠZwi
Kiv hvq| gvwUi pH 6-6.5 nGj Dîg| cvwbi àYvàGYi Ici L. cyKzGii MfxiZv KxfvGe gvQ PvlGK cÉfvweZ KGi
wPswoi Drcv`b wbfÆi KGi| wPswoi Avkvbyi…c Drcv`Gbi RbÅ
eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2
cvwbi Õ¼œQZv 25-30 ˆmwg Zvcgvòv 18-30 ˆm., `ËeYxq
AwÝGRb 4-8 wgwjMÉvg/wjUvi, AÁÏgvb 7.5-8.5 I cvwbi M. bvwmi ˆh welGqi cÉwZ jÞ ivGLb Zv eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3
jeYvÚZv 0-4 wcwcwU nIqv cÉGqvRb|
mwVKfvGe cyKzi wbeÆvPb KiGZ cviGj Mj`v wPswoi Avkvbyi…c N. bvwmGii ˆcvbv gRyG`i KvhÆKÌgwU weGkÏlY KGiv| 4
Drcv`b cvIqv mÁ¿e nGe|
18 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
N grmÅ KgÆKZÆv ‰nmvbGK cyKzGi Mj`v wPswoi ˆcvbv
gRyG`i ci Lv`Å I mvi cÉGqvM ‰es cvwb eÅeÕ©vcbvi ˆÞGò K evsjvG`Gk dmj PvGli gGaÅ 77% RwgGZ avGbi Pvl
weGklfvGe jÞ ivLvi civgkÆ w`Gjb| A nq|
cyKzGi Mj`v wPswoi ˆcvbv gRyG`i ci Lye mZKÆZvi mvG^
cwiPhÆv KiGZ nq| cyKzGi Mj`v wPswoi ‰KK PvGli ˆÞGò L cyKzGii MfxiZv cvwbi ˆfŒZ I ivmvqwbK àYvàY wbq¯¨Y
÷aygvò wPswoi Lv`ÅvfÅvGmi cÉwZ `†wÓ¡ ˆiGL Lv`Å ŠZwi I KGi|
cÉGqvM KiGjB PGj| mnRjfÅ ˆ`kxq DcKiY ˆhgb@ PvGji
Kzuov, MGgi fzwm, ŠLj, wdmwgj, kvgyK-wSbyGKi àuov, jeY cyKzi Lye Mfxi nGj gvQ Pvl fvGjv nq bv| ‰GZ cyKzGii
BZÅvw`i gvaÅGg mly g Lv`Å ŠZwi KGi cÉGqvM Kiv hvq| cyKzGi ZjG`Gk bvbviKg ÞwZKi MÅvm mwçZ nq ‰es AwÝGRb Kg
gRy`K‡Z wPswoGK cÉwZw`b 2 evi ‰G`i ˆgvU ˆ`n IRGbi 3- ^vGK| ‰i dGj gvGQi e†w«¬ evavcÉvµ¦ nq| Avevi cyKzi ˆewk
5% nvGi Lvevi w`GZ nGe| kvgyK-wSbyGKi gvsm, ˆQvU gvQ, AMfxi nGj cyKzGii cvwb Mig nGq gvGQi Amyweav KiGZ
ˆKuGPv BZÅvw`I cÉGqvM Kiv ˆhGZ cvGi| cÉvK‡wZK Lv`Å cvGi| ZGe 1.5 wg nGZ 6 wg chƯ¦ Mfxi cvwbi cyKzi gvQ
Drcv`Gbi RbÅ ‰nmvGbi cyKzGi mvi cÉGqvM KiGZ nGe| mvi PvGli DcGhvMx| A
cvwbGZ àwjGq wQwUGq w`GZ nGe| kxZKvGj cyKzGi mvi
ˆ`Iqvi cÉGqvRb ˆbB| cvwb eÅeÕ©vcbvi gvaÅGg cyKzGii M bvwmi Mj`v wPswo PvGli RbÅ dmGji RwgGZ ˆNi
ˆfŒZ, ivmvqwbK I ŠRweK cwiGek wVK ivLv hvq| D®²Z cÉÕ§GZi mgq gvwU I cvwbi àYvàGYi Ici jÞ ivGLb| A
nvjKv ˆmP c«¬wZGZ gvGm 2 evi 40-50% cvwb cwieZÆb
KiGZ nGe| gvGS gvGS Rvj ˆUGb ev euvk wcwUGq elÆv ˆgŒmyGg 5-7 gvm 1-2 wgUvi MfxiZvi cvwb Ave«¬ ^vGK
ev ˆNi KGi AvUGK ivLv hvq ‰i…c Rwg wbeÆvPb KGi ˆNi
ŠZwi KGib| cvwb aviYÞg ‰uGUj, ‰uGUj ˆ`vAuvk ev Abyi…c
ŠewkÓ¡ÅmÁ·®² gvwUi ˆNi ŠZwi KGib| ÷Ó• ˆgŒmyGg gvwUGZ
Pzb I ŠRe mvi cÉGqvM KGi Zjvi gvwUGK wPswo PvGli
DcGhvMx KGi ˆbb| ˆNGii euva DuPz I kÚ KGi ŠZwi KGib
ˆhb elÆv ev ebÅvi cvwbGZ µÏvweZ bv nq| ŠekvL gvGmi ˆkGli
w`GK ˆNGi cvwb XzwKGq cvwbi Õ¼œQZv gvòv 25-35 ˆmwg,
AÁÏgvb 6.5-7.5, jeYvÚZvi gvòv 0-4 wcwcwU ‰es `ËeYxq
AwÝGRGbi gvòv 5.4 wgwjMÉvg/wjUvi ev Zvi KvQvKvwQ chÆvGq
wbGq wPswo ˆcvbv AegyÚ Kivi DcGhvMx KGi ˆbb| ˆNGii
ˆfZGi KGqK Õ©vGb Mfxi MZÆ ‰es KGqK Õ©vGb bvjv ŠZwi
KGi ivGLb|
ZvB ejv hvq, DcGi DwÍÏwLZ welqvw`i cÉwZ jÞ ˆiGL bvwmi
mvGne h^vh^ c«¬wZGZ ˆNi cÉÕ§Z KGiGQb|
14 cvGéix m†Rbkxj K‡wlwkÞv w«¼Zxq cò ‰Kv`k-«¼v`k ˆkÉwY
N bvwmi 20 kZK AvqZGbi RwgGZ ˆNi ŠZwi KGi Mj`v RbÅ mvGii cÉGqvRb nq| ZvB Rwg cÉÕ§GZi mgq chÆvµ¦
wPswoi ˆcvbv gRy` KGib| A cwigvGY ŠRe mvi cÉGqvM Kivi cvkcvwk wbw`ÆÓ¡ RvGZi avGbi
RbÅ mcy vwikK‡Z ivmvqwbK mvGii 30% AwZwiÚ wnGmGe
wbPz ‰jvKvq elÆv ˆgŒmyGg 1-2 wgUvi cvwb 5-6 gvm AvUK RwgGZ cÉGqvM KiGZ nq|
ˆiGL ev euva w`Gq aGi ivLv hvq ‰gb RwgGZ wPswo Pvl
M `yjvj Zvi avbÞGZ AvBj ŠZwi KGi wPswoi ˆcvbv Qvoj|
c«¬wZGK ˆNGi wPswo Pvl eGj|
`yjvj Zvi cvGki Rwgi mgvb DœPZvq AvBj wbgÆvY KiGjI
eo cyKzi ev ˆNGi ˆcvbvi AvkÉGqi RbÅ duvK duvK KGi elÆvi mgq AwZwiÚ e†wÓ¡i cvwb ˆei KGi ˆ`qvi RbÅ AvBGji
bvwiGKj MvGQi ÷KGbv WMv KuvZ KGi cyuGZ w`GZ nGe| ˆKvb Õ©vGb ˆh ‰K ev `ywU wbMÆgb bvjv ivLvi cÉGqvRb wQj
nÅvPvwi ˆ^GK mÕy © mej Mj`v ˆcvbv msMÉn KGi ˆkvabcƒeÆK Zv ˆm KGiwb| ‰i…c bvjvi gyGL euvGki evbv wKsev ZviRvj
Dîgi…Gc cÉÕ§ZK‡Z ˆNGii cvwbGZ AegyÚ KiGZ nGe| wPswo AvUGK w`GZ nGe ˆhb wPswo ˆei nGq ˆhGZ bv cvGi| Avevi
PvGli ˆÞGò cÉvK‡wZK LvG`Åi ài‚Z½ Acwimxg| cÉvK‡wZK AwZwiÚ elÆvi cvwbGZ AvBj ZwjGq hvIqvi ˆÞGò AvBGji
LvG`Åi RbÅ Mj`v wPswo PvlKvjxb mgGq 15 w`b cici 100 DcGi kÚ KGi ˆQvU duvGmi ˆbU Rvj (bvBjb ˆbU)
MÉvg BDwiqv ‰es 100 MÉvg wU‰mwc mvi cÉGqvM KiGZ nGe| AvUKvGbvi gGZv cƒeÆcÉÕ§wZ ˆm ˆbqwb|
ZGe mvi cÉGqvGMi gvòv cyKzGii cÉvK‡wZK LvG`Åi DcwÕ©wZi
Dci wbfÆi KGi| ˆNGi wbqwgZ mÁ·ƒiK Lv`Å cÉGqvM KiGZ mZKÆZvgƒjK eÅeÕ©v MÉnY bv Kivq `yjvGji Rwgi wPswo
nGe| wPswo ˆNGi Qvovi ci ˆ^GK Mj`v wPswoi e†w«¬i nvi e†wÓ¡i cvwbGZ ˆfGm ˆMj|
cÉ^Gg ˆewk ^vGK ‰es cieZÆxGZ KgGZ ^vGK| wPswo ˆeuGP
^vKvi nvi, Š`wnK e†w«¬, Õ¼vÕ©Å, ˆivMevjvB BZÅvw` N b±`b ivÕ¦vi cvGki cyKzGi wPswo Pvl Kij|
chÆGeÞGYi RbÅ bvjv ˆ^GK SuvwK Rvj «¼viv 5-7 evi bgybv
msMÉn KGi cixÞv KiGZ nGe| ˆivGMi jÞY cwijwÞZ nGjB b±`b cyKzi cÉÕ§wZi mKj avc mwVKfvGe mÁ·®² KGiwb| ˆm
mvG^ mvG^ cÉwZKvGii eÅeÕ©v wbGZ nGe| ˆNi wbqwgZ cyKzi ˆ^GK ivÞzGm gvQ ˆhgb- ˆkvj, MRvi, ˆevqvj AcmviY
cwi`kÆb KiGZ nGe| cvwbi àYvàY AbyK„j gvòvq ivLGZ ‰es Pzb cÉGqvM KiGjI cyKzGi gvGQi ˆ`n IRGbi 3-5%
nGe| AwZ e†wÓ¡ ev AbÅ ˆKvGbv KviGY ˆNGii cvwb `Ë‚Z ˆeGo nvGi mÁ·ƒiK Lv`Å cÉGqvM KGiwb| ˆm ÷ay PvGji Kzuov cÉGqvM
ˆMGj wbMÆgb bvjvi gvaÅGg cvwb ˆei KGi w`GZ nGe| KGiGQ| dGj gvQ ‰KB aiGbi Lv`Å Dcv`vb ˆcGqGQ| A^P
gvGQi Š`wnK e†w«¬ I cywÓ¡i RbÅ 6wU Lv`Å Dcv`vb (ˆhgb-
AZ‰e, bvwmi ˆcvbv gRyG`i RbÅ DcGii KvhÆKÌg mwVKfvGe Avwgl, kKÆiv, wfUvwgb, PweÆ, LwbR jeY I cvwb) mly g
mÁ·®² KiGj Kvw›ÞZ Drcv`Gbi gvaÅGg jvfevb nGeb| AbycvGZ cÉGqvRb| ‰Qvov cyKzGii cvwbi ˆfŒZ, ivmvqwbK I
ŠRweK àYvàY wVK ivLGZ gvGQi AeÅen†Z Lvevi, ŠRweK
cÉk²19 `yjvj avbGÞGZ wPswo Pvl KiGZ Zvi ˆÞZ I cÉwKÌqvq Drc®² KveÆb WvB AÝvBW I gvGQi eRÆÅ «¼viv cvwbi
mÓ† ¡ ˆNvjvZ½ `ƒi KiGZ D®²Z nvjKv ˆmP c«¬wZGZ gvGm 2 evi
cvGki ˆÞGZi mgvb DœPZvq AvBj ŠZwi KGi wPswoi ˆcvbv 40-50% cvwb cwieZÆb KiGZ nq| gvGS gvGS Rvj ˆUGb I
euvk wcwUGq cvwbGZ AwÝGRb cÉGeGki eÅeÕ©v KiGZ nq|
Qvoj| wK¯§ KGqKw`b ‰KUvbv e†wÓ¡i ci cvGki ˆÞGZi
wPswo wVK ^vKGjI Zvi wPswo ˆfGm ˆMj| AbÅw`GK, e®¬y
b±`b ivÕ¦vi cvGki cyKzGi wPswo Pvl Kij| ˆm cyKzi ˆ^GK
ˆkvj, MRvi ‰es ˆevqvj RvZxq gvQàGjv aGi evRvGi wewKÌ DwÍÏwLZ KvhÆmgƒn mwVKfvGe bv Kivi KviGY b±`b wPswo PvGl
eÅ^Æ nGjv|
KGi w`j| AZtci Pzb cÉGqvM Kij| ˆm cÉwZw`b cyKzGi ÷ay
PvGji Kzuov Lvevi wnGmGe w`j ‰es cyKzGii cvwb cwieZÆb cÉk²20 KÝevRvGii iwng Dwób gGnlLvjxGZ evM`v wPswo
Kiv ˆ^GK weiZ ^vKj| ˆkl chƯ¦ Zvi gvGQi Drcv`b Kg PvGli RbÅ ˆNGi ˆcvbv ˆQGo ˆ`b| wK¯§ wZwb wPswoi
nGjv| A wkLbdj-8 Avkvbyi…c Drcv`b cvbwb| B wkLbdj- 8
K. wPswoi mv`v `vM ˆivM Kx? 1 K. DcK„jxq ‰jvKvq KqwU c«¬wZGZ wPswo Pvl Kiv
L. avbGÞGZ wPswo PvGl AwaK mvi cÉGqvGMi KviY nq? 1
eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2 L. ˆNGii cvwb cwieZÆb Kiv nq ˆKb? 2
M. `yjvGji Rwgi wPswo ˆfGm ˆMj ˆKb? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3 M. iwng mvGne wPswo PvGl Avkvbyi…c Drcv`b bv
N. b±`Gbi wPswo PvGl eÅ^ÆZvi KviY weGkÏlY KGiv| 4 cvIqvi KviYàGjv wPwn×Z Ki| 3
19 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
K wPswoi mv`v `vM fvBivmRwbZ ‰KwU ˆivM hvi dGj N. mÁ·ƒiK Lv`Å cÉ`vb wPswoi Drcv`Gbi AbÅZg
wPswoi ˆ`Gni ˆLvjGmi wbGP I gv^vq mv`v mv`v `vM ˆ`Lv
Dcv`vb ‰ eÚGeÅi mcGÞ ˆZvgvi hywÚ ˆ`LvI| 4
hvq|
20 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
L avbGÞGZ wPswo PvGl ‰Kw`GK ˆhgb avGbi RbÅ mvi K DcK„jxq ‰jvKvq mvaviYZ PviwU c«¬wZGZ wPswo Pvl
cÉGqvM KiGZ nq Aciw`GK wPswoi cÉvK‡wZK Lv`Å Drcv`Gbi Kiv nq|
gvrmÅ Pvl 15
L cvwbi àYvàGYi Ici wPswoi Õ¼vÕ©Å I Drcv`b wbfÆikxj| cÉk²21 K‡lK AvwjGgi evwo evGMinvGU| gvwUi jeYvÚZvi
cvwbi àYvàY eRvq ivLvi RbÅ ˆNGii cvwb cwieZÆb KiGZ RbÅ avb fvGjv nq bv| AbÅvbÅ K‡lKG`i gGZv wZwb ‰K K‡wl
nq| cvwbi pH 7.5 – 8.5 nGj ‰es AwÝGRGbi ppm – 5 ‰i
weGklGæi civgGkÆ avbGÞGZ mwVK cwigvGci eKPi w`Gq
ˆewk nGj fvGjv nq| ZvQvov Zvcgvòv 25 – 30C I ÞviZ½
100 – 160 ppm nGj ‰es Õ¼œQZv 25 – 30 ˆm. wg. nGj fvGjv| ˆNi ŠZwi KGi evM`v wPswo Pvl KGib| ˆNGii cvGo
‰Qvov cÉvK‡wZK LvG`Åi cÉvcÅZv e†w«¬ I mwçZ eRÆÅ c`v^Æ I
cwiZÅÚ Lv`Å ˆei Kivi RbÅI cvwb cwieZÆb Kiv nq| ‰GZ kvKmewR Pvl KGib| ‰GZ wZwb AvGMi ˆPGq jvfevb
wPswoi Drcv`b e†w«¬ cvq|
nGqGQb| A wkLbdj-8
M iwng Dwób ˆNGi ˆcvbv Qvovi ˆÞGò ˆcvbv gRy` cƒeÆ
cÉÕ§wZ I ˆcvbv gRy` cieZxÆ cÉÕ§wZi w`GK ˆLqvj bv ivLvi K. WÈcwm Kx? 1
KviGY Drcv`b fvGjv nqwb|
L. Mj`v I evM`v wPswo ˆPbvi ZzjbvgƒjK Dcvq eÅvLÅv
ˆcvbv gRy` cƒeÆ cÉÕ§wZ ejGZ ‰LvGb ˆNGii ivÞzGm gvQ I
evGR wPswo `ƒi Kiv, Pzb cÉGqvGM gvwU ˆkvab I DeÆiZv KGiv| 2
e†w«¬mn ÞwZKi MÅvm I ˆivMevjvB wbq¯¨GY ivLv ‰es mvi
cÉGqvGM cvwbGZ cÉvK‡wZK LvG`Åi cwigvY e†w«¬ Kiv ˆevSvq| M. Avwjg KxfvGe ˆNi ŠZwi KGiwQGjb weGkÏlY KGiv| 3
AbÅw`GK ˆcvbv gRy` cieZxÆ cÉÕ§wZ A^Ævr ˆcvbv Qvovi ci 6
- 8 N¥Ÿvi gGaÅ KZàGjv ˆcvbv gviv ˆMj ev ˆeuGP ^vKj ˆmUv N. AvwjGgi I AbÅvbÅ K‡lKG`i KvhÆKÌg mwVK wQj
jÞ KiGZ nq| mÁ·ƒiK Lv`Å cÉGqvGMi gvaÅGg LvG`Åi Afve
`ƒi Kiv, cvwb cwieZÆb KGi cvwbi àYvàY wVK ivLv BZÅvw` wKbv weGkÏlY KGiv| 4
KvR myPvi‚fvGe mÁ·®² KiGj wPswoi fvGjv Drcv`b nq|
iwng Dwób DcGivÚ Pvl eÅeÕ©vàGjvi cÉwZ ài‚Z½ bv ˆ`Iqvi 21 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
dGj wPswo PvGl Avkvbyi…c Drcv`b cvbwb|
K WÈcwm nGj gvGQi eÅvKGUwiqvRwbZ ˆivM|
N gvGQi Õ¼vfvweK e†w«¬i RbÅ cvwbGZ we`Ågvb cÉvK‡wZK
LvevGii cvkvcvwk evBGi ˆ^GK ˆhme evowZ Lv`Å ˆ`Iqv nq L wbÁ²wjwLZ ŠewkÓ¡Å chÆGeÞY KGi Mj`v I evM`v wPswo
ˆmàGjvB mÁ·ƒiK Lv`Å|
ˆPbv hvq
mÁ·ƒiK LvG`Å gvGQi RbÅ cÉGqvRbxq mKj Lv`Å Dcv`vb
h^vh^ gvòvq we`Ågvb ^vGK| mÁ·ƒiK LvG`Å ˆhme ŠewkÓ¡Å Mj`v wPswo evM`v wPswo
Dcv`vbàGjv ^vGK ˆmàGjv nGjv PvGji Kzuov, Mg I WvGji
fzwm, mwilv ev wZGji ŠLj, gvGQi àuov, kmÅ`vbv, c÷-cvwLi 1. gv^v I eo ‰es ˆ`Gni ˆQvU ‰es ˆ`Gni
bvwofzuwo wewf®² Dw«¿G`i KwP cvZv, LwbR jeY I wfUvwgb
BZÅvw`| ‰B Lv`Å wPswo Drcv`Gbi RbÅ cÉGqvRbxq AbÅZg KÅvivGcm IRGbi cÉvq IRGbi cÉvq ‰K-
Dcv`vb|
AGaÆK| Z‡Zxqvsk|
mly g mÁ·ƒiK Lv`Å cÉGqvGM gvGQi Õ¼vfvweK e†w«¬ wbwøZ nq|
‰ Lv`Å cÉGqvGM ˆcvbvi euvPvi nvi e†w«¬ cvq I g†ZzÅi nvi nvË m 2. ˆivÕ¡Èvg jÁ¼v I euvKvGbv| LvGUv I ˆmvRv|
cvq| ‰ RvZxq Lv`Å ˆLGq cyKzGii mÕy © I mej ˆcvbv cvIqv
hvq| gvGQi ˆivM-cÉwZGiva ÞgZv e†w«¬ cvq| mÁ·ƒiK Lv`Å 3. ˆivÕ¡ÈvGg ˆivÕ¡ÈvGgi ˆivÕ¡ÈvGgi DcwifvGM
cÉ`vbmn wbweo c«¬wZGZ gvQ Pvl KGi 4/5 àY ˆewk Drcv`b KuvUvi msLÅv
cvIqv hvq| A͸ RvqMvq AwaK NbGZ½ gvQ Pvl Kiv hvq| DcwifvGM KuvUvi KuvUvi msLÅv 7-8wU
LvgvGi Drcv`b evovq Lvgvi gvwjK jvfevb nq| cyKzi nGZ
A͸ mgGq AwaK wPswo I gybvdv jvf Kiv hvq| msLÅv 11-14wU ‰es wbGPi w`GK 2-
Õ¼vfvweK Lv`Å cÉGqvGM wPswoi Drcv`b Avkvbyi…c nq bv| mylg ‰es wbGPi w`GK 3wU|
mÁ·ƒiK Lv`Å cÉGqvGM Avkvbyi…c djb cvIqv hvq eGj Lvgvwi
jvf ˆewk KGi| ZvB mÁ·ƒiK Lv`Å cÉ`vb wPswoi Drcv`Gbi 8-14wU|
AbÅZg Dcv`vb, K^vwU h^v^Æ|
4. AÅvbGUwbDj AÅvbGUwbDj AÅvbGUwbDj `ywU
dÑvGRjvhyÚ|
wZbwU
dÑvGRjvhyÚ|
M DóxcGK K‡lK Avwjg avbGÞGZ mwVK gvGci eKPi w`Gq
ˆNi ŠZwi KGi evM`v wPswo Pvl KGib|
avbGÞGZi Rwgi gvwU ˆKGU Pviw`GK AvBj DuPz KGi ev euva
w`Gq Avwjg ˆNi wbgÆvY KGib| ebÅv cÉwZGivGa wZwb ebÅvi
cvwbi mGeÆvœP DœPZvi ˆPGq ˆNGii euvGai DœPZv A¯¦Z 50
ˆmwg ˆewk DuPz ivGLb| wZwb ˆNGii euvGai DcGii ivÕ¦v 1-2
wgUvi PIov I euvGa Xvj A¯¦Z 1t 1 AbycvGZ ivGLb| ˆNGii
gGaÅ Pviw`GK ZjG`Gk 3 wgUvi I DcGi 6 wgUvi cÉkÕ¦ Lvj
wbgÆvY KGib| LvGji MfxiZv 1 wgUvGii ˆewk I Xvj 1 t 1.5
AbycvGZ ivGLb| LvGji avi I eKPGii ZjG`Gki gGaÅ A¯¦Z
3 wgUvi RvqMv ivGLb| AvgvemÅv I cƒwYÆgvi ˆRvqvi-fvUvi
mgq A¯¦Z 40 fvM cvwb hvGZ b`xi cvwbi mvG^ e`j Kiv
hvq ˆZgbfvGe ÕÏyBmGMU wbgÆvY KGib|
DcwiDÚ KvhÆc«¬wZ AbymiY KGi Avwjg ˆNi wbgÆvY
KGiwQGjb|
16 cvGéix m†Rbkxj K‡wlwkÞv w«¼Zxq cò ‰Kv`k-«¼v`k ˆkÉwY
N DóxcGK Avwjg I AbÅ K‡lKiv avbGÞGZ ˆNi ŠZwi KGi ˆh RwgGZ eQGi 3-4 gvm mgq ‰es 10-20 ˆmwg MfxiZvq
evM`v wPswo ‰es ˆNGii cvGo kvKmewR Pvl KGib| cvwb AvUGK ivLv hvGe ‰gb Rwg wbeÆvPb KiGZ nGe| Rwgi
AvBj kÚ, gReyZ ‰es DuPz KGi ŠZwi KiGZ nGe| cvwbi
evM`v jeYvÚ cvwbi wPswo| DcK„jxq ˆhme ‰jvKvq MfxiZv mgvb ivLvi RbÅ Rwgi mKj Õ©vGb Pvl w`Gq mgZj
jeYvÚZvi RbÅ avb Pvl Kiv mÁ¿e nq bv ˆmme ‰jvKvq ˆNi ivLGZ nGe| RwgGZ fvGjvfvGe Pvl ˆ`qvi ci cÉPwjZ wbqGg
wbgÆvY KGi mnGRB evM`v wPswo Pvl mÁ¿e| Avevi, ˆNGii ivmvqwbK mvi I ˆMvei mvi wgwkGq Rwg ŠZwi KiGZ nGe|
euvGai Dci ev cvGo kvKmewR Pvl Kiv hvq| Rwgi Xvj Abyhvqx ˆÞGZi wfZGi AvovAvwofvGe KGqKwU
bvjv Lbb KiGZ nGe| cÉwZwU bvjv 50-60 ˆmwg Mfxi ‰es
‰KB ˆNGi ‰KmvG^ evM`v wPswo I kvKmewR Pvl Kiv nq 60-100ˆmwg cÉkÕ¦ nGZ nGe| bvjvi gv^vq wKsev
eGj Avjv`v RvqMvi cÉGqvRb nq bv| ‰B aiGbi mgw®¼Z Pvl msGhvMÕ©vGb bvjvi ˆPGq Mfxi I cÉkÕ¦ KGi MZÆ Lbb KiGZ
c«¬wZGZ wPswo Pvwli Avq evGo| ˆNGii euvGa kvKmewR Pvl nGe hvi MfxiZv nGe 1 wgUvi| avGbi Pviv mvwie«¬fvGe
Kivq AvBj gReyZ ^vGK, f„wgÞq nq bv| kvKmewRi Pvl ˆivcb KiGZ nGe| avGbi Pviv ˆivcGbi ˆÞGò mvwi ˆ^GK
eÅeÕ©vcbvq Avjv`v KGi kÉwgGKi cÉGqvRb nq bv eGj Avw^ÆK mvwii `ƒiZ½ 20-25 ˆmwg ‰es Pviv ˆ^GK Pvivi `ƒiZ½ 15-20
mvkÉq nq| wPswo I kvKmewRi ˆhŒ^ Drcv`Gb cwievGii mylg ˆmwg ivLGZ nGe| ‰GÞGò avGbi Pviv ˆivcGbi 20-25 w`b
cywÓ¡ wbwøZ nq| K‡lGKi Avw^KÆ mœQjZvI wbwøZ nq| ci wPswoi ˆcvbv QvoGZ nq| RwgGZ ˆcvbv Qvovi DchyÚ
ˆ`Gki Av^-Æ mvgvwRK AeÕ©vi D®²qb, ŠeG`wkK gy`Ëv ARÆb I mgq nGjv mKvj ev weKvj ˆejv| avb ˆÞGZ wPswo PvGl ˆgvU
KgÆmsÕ©vb mw† Ó¡i ˆÞGò mgw®¼ZfvGe evM`v wPswo I mgq nGjv 3-4 gvm| ZvB ˆcvbv gRyG`i ˆÞGò KgcGÞ 5
kvKmewR PvGli mÁ¿vebv LyeB Dä¾j| ˆmwg `xNÆ ˆcvbv gRy` Kiv DwPZ| avb ˆÞGZ wPswo PvGl
mÁ·ƒiK Lv`Å wnGmGe PvGji Kzuov I ˆMvei 1t 3 AbycvGZ
DcwiDÚ AvGjvPbvi ˆcÉwÞGZ ejv hvq, Avwjg I AbÅvbÅ wgwkGq eGji AvKvGi kZvsk cÉwZ 40-45 MÉvg KGi cÉwZ 7
K‡lKG`i KvhÆKÌg mwVK wQj| w`b A¯¦i A¯¦i MGZÆ w`GZ nGe| 1 gvm ci wPswoi e†w«¬
chÆGeÞY KGi ˆgvU IRGbi 3-5% nvGi ŠLj I PvGji Kzuov
cÉk²22 mvB`yj ‰KRb `wi`Ë K‡lK| mÁ·` ejGZ Zvi 1t 1 AbycvGZ wgwkGq 1 w`b cici bvjvq I MGZÆ cÉGqvM
KiGZ nGe| wPswo Qvovi ci RwgGZ me mgqB cvwb ivLGZ
‰KLí Rwg AvGQ ˆhLvGb ˆm eQGi 2-3 evi avb Pvl KGi| nGe| avb cvKv ÷i‚ nGj ˆÞGZi cvwb KgvGZ nGe ‰es avb
KvUvi cGi MGZÆi gaÅ ˆ^GK wPswo aiGZ nGe| ‰GÞGò
Zvi ‰jvKvq AbywÓ¤Z DGVvb ŠeVGK ˆm RvbGZ cvij avbGÞGZ wPswoi Mo Drcv`b nGe kZK cÉwZ 1.5-2.0 ˆKwR|
Mj`v wPswoI Pvl Kiv hvq| mvB`yj wmav¯¦ wbj ˆmI ‰ cwiGkGl ejv hvq, mvB`yj DwÍÏwLZ c«¬wZGZ avGbi mvG^
Mj`v wPswo Pvl KiGe|
c«¬wZ AejÁ¼b KGi `vwi`ËZv NyPvGe| A wkLbdj- 8
N mvB`yGji AejÁ¼bK‡Z c«¬wZ Z^v avbGÞGZ Mj`v wPswo
K. eÐÅvK UvBMvi Kx? 1 Pvl c«¬wZ `vwi`ËÅZv wbimGb AZů¦ KvhÆKi f„wgKv ivLGe|
Mj`v wPswo ‰KwU ài‚Z½cƒYÆ grmÅ mÁ·`| ‰wU Õ¼v`y cvwbGZ
L. wPswoi cyKzGi cvwb cwieZÆb KiGZ nq ˆKb? 2 Pvl Kiv nq| cyKzi, w`wN, Lvj, wej, nvIi BZÅvw` RjvkGq
‰KKfvGe wKsev i‚B RvZxq gvGQi mvG^ ‰i Pvl Kiv hvq|
M. mvB`yj KxfvGe c«¬wZwU evÕ¦evqb KiGe eÅvLÅv avbGÞGZ wPswo Pvl KiGj ‰KB Rwg ˆ^GK avGbi mvG^
AwZwiÚ dmj wnGmGe wPswo cvIqv hvq| ‰B c«¬wZGZ Pvl
Ki| 3 KiGj ˆZgb evowZ cuwy Ri cÉGqvRb nq bv|
evsjvG`Gki Av^-Æ mvgvwRK D®²qb, cywÓ¡ Pvwn`v cƒiY, KvGRi
N. `vwi`ËÅZv wbimGb mvB`yGji AejÁ¼bK‡Z c«¬wZwU mGy hvM mw† Ó¡, ŠeG`wkK gy`Ëv ARÆb I grmÅ mÁ·G`i Drcv`b
e†w«¬GZ Mj`v wPswo PvGli A^Æ‹bwZK ài‚Z½ Acwimxg|
KZUzKz KvhÆKi nGe weGkÏlY Ki| 4 AvgvG`i ˆ`Gki AwaKvsk RwgGZB avb Pvl Kiv nq| wK¯§
‰KB RwgGZ avbPvl eQGii ci eQi PvwjGq hvIqvq Rwgi
22 bs cÉGk²i Dîi DeÆiZv bÓ¡ nGœQ| dGj evrmwiK AvqI KGg hvq| ZvB hw`
mgw®¼Z c«¬wZGZ avb I wPswo Pvl Kiv hvq, ZGe evrmwiK
K eÐÅvK UvBMvi nGjv evM`v wPswo| Avq AGbKvsGk evovGbv mÁ¿e| wnmve KGi ˆ`Lv ˆMGQ 100
kZvsk RwgGZ ‰KK fvGe avb Pvl KiGj evrmwiK 10,000
L cyKzGii cvwbi àYvàGYi Ici wPswoi Õ¼vÕ©Å I Drcv`b
wbfÆikxj|
wPswo PvGli RbÅ cvwbi wbw`ÆÓ¡ wKQy gvb eRvq ^vKv Ri‚ix| fvGjv
wPswo Drcv`Gbi RbÅ cvwbi Õ¼œQZv 25-35 ˆm.wg. nGZ nq|
cvwbi Zvcgvòv 1834 ˆm. I wc. ‰BP 78.5 ‰i gGaÅ
^vKGZ nq| `xNÆw`b cyKzGi ‰KB cvwb ^vKGj ‰B àYvàYàGjv
eRvq ^vGK bv dGj wPswoi Drcv`Gb cÉfve cGo| ‰ KviGYB
wPswoi cyKzGi cvwb gvGS gvGS cwieZÆb KiGZ nq|
M mvB`yGji Pvl c«¬wZwU nGjv avGbi mvG^ Mj`v wPswoi
mgw®¼Z Pvl|
‰KB RwgGZ ‰KB mgGq ‰KvwaK dmj Drcv`b KivGK
mgw®¼Z Pvl eGj| avGbi mvG^ wPswo Pvl c«¬wZ wbGÁ²
AvGjvPbv Kiv nGjv
gvrmÅ Pvl 17
UvKv Avq nq| Avi mgw®¼ZfvGe avGbi mvG^ Mj`v wPswo PvGl 5 ˆmwg nGj fvGjv nq| ˆnÙi cÉwZ 10-15 nvRvi Mj`v
‰B AvGqi cwigvY `vovq cÉvq 60,000 UvKv| ‰ Pvl wPswoi ˆcvbv gRy` Kiv nq|
c«¬wZGZ Rwgi DeÆiZvI e†w«¬ cvq|
AZ‰e, wgRvb avb ˆÞGZ PvGli RbÅ DwÍÏwLZ ŠewkÓ¡ÅcƒYÆ
mZy ivs mvB`yGji AejÁ¼bK‡Z c«¬wZ Av^-Æ mvgvwRK D®²qGb wPswoi ˆcvbv msMÉn KGib|
Z^v `vwi`ËÅZv wbimGb AZů¦ KvhÆKi f„wgKv ivLGe|
N wgRvb mvGnGei Pvl c«¬wZwU nGjv avGbi mvG^ Mj`v
cÉk²23 wgRvb mvGne ‰eQi cuvP weNv RwgGZ avGbi Avev` wPswoi mgw®¼Z Pvl|
KGiGQb| wZwb ‰B RwgGZ avGbi mvG^ mvG^ wPswo PvGliI ‰KB RwgGZ ‰KB mgGq ‰KvwaK dmj Drcv`b KivGK
mgw®¼Z Pvl eGj| avGbi mvG^ wPswo PvGl ZvGK ˆhmKj
cwiK͸bv KGib| ‰ jGÞÅ wZwb KYÆdzjx b`xi ˆgvnbvÕ©
c`GÞc MÉnY KiGZ nGe ˆmàGjv nGjv
‰KwU nÅvPvwi ˆ^GK wPswoi ˆcvbv msMÉn KGiGQb| Õ©vbxq ˆh RwgGZ eQGi 3-4 gvm mgq ‰es 10-20 ˆmwg MfxiZvq
cvwb AvUGK ivLv hvGe ‰gb Rwg wbeÆvPb KiGZ nGe| Rwgi
fvlvq ‰ aiGbi wPswoGK eo BPv eGj| DGÍÏLÅ ‰ wPswoi AvBj kÚ, gReyZ ‰es DuPz KGi ŠZwi KiGZ nGe| cvwbi
MfxiZv mgvb ivLvi RbÅ Rwgi mKj Õ©vGb Pvl w`Gq mgZj
ˆ`Gni Zzjbvq gv^v eo nq ‰es MvGq KvjGP AvovAvwo `vM ivLGZ nGe| RwgGZ fvGjvfvGe Pvl ˆ`qvi ci cÉPwjZ wbqGg
ivmvqwbK mvi I ˆMvei mvi wgwkGq Rwg ŠZwi KiGZ nGe|
^vGK| A wkLbdj- 8 Rwgi Xvj Abyhvqx ˆÞGZi wfZGi AvovAvwofvGe KGqKwU
bvjv Lbb KiGZ nGe| cÉwZwU bvjv 50-60 ˆmwg Mfxi ‰es
K. evsjvG`Gk Mj`vi Mo Drcv`b KZ? 1 60-100ˆmwg cÉkÕ¦ nGZ nGe| bvjvi gv^vq wKsev
msGhvMÕ©vGb bvjvi ˆPGq Mfxi I cÉkÕ¦ KGi MZÆ Lbb KiGZ
L. wbweo c«¬wZGZ gvQ Pvl ejGZ Kx ˆevS? 2 nGe hvi MfxiZv nGe 1 wgUvi| avGbi Pviv mvwie«¬fvGe
ˆivcb KiGZ nGe| avGbi Pviv ˆivcGbi ˆÞGò mvwi ˆ^GK
M. DóxcGK wgRvb mvGne PvGli RbÅ Kx aiGbi wPswo mvwii `ƒiZ½ 20-25 ˆmwg ‰es Pviv ˆ^GK Pvivi `ƒiZ½ 15-20
ˆmwg ivLGZ nGe| ‰GÞGò avGbi Pviv ˆivcGbi 20-25 w`b
ˆcvbv msMÉn KGiGQb? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3 ci wPswoi ˆcvbv QvoGZ nq| RwgGZ ˆcvbv Qvovi DchyÚ
mgq nGjv mKvj ev weKvj ˆejv| avb ˆÞGZ wPswo PvGl ˆgvU
N. wgRvb mvGneGK Zvi avb ˆÞGZ msM†nxZ ˆcvbv mgq nGjv 3-4 gvm| ZvB ˆcvbv gRyG`i ˆÞGò KgcGÞ 5
ˆmwg `xNÆ ˆcvbv gRy` Kiv DwPZ| avb ˆÞGZ wPswo PvGl
PvGli RbÅ Kx Kx c`GÞc MÉnY KiGZ nGe? mÁ·ƒiK Lv`Å wnGmGe PvGji Kzuov I ˆMvei 1t 3 AbycvGZ
wgwkGq eGji AvKvGi kZvsk cÉwZ 40-45 MÉvg KGi cÉwZ 7
gƒjcvGVi AvGjvGK weGkÏlY KGiv| 4 w`b A¯¦i A¯¦i MGZÆ w`GZ nGe| 1 gvm ci wPswoi e†w«¬
chÆGeÞY KGi ˆgvU IRGbi 3-5% nvGi ŠLj I PvGji Kzuov
23 bs cÉGk²i Dîi 1t 1 AbycvGZ wgwkGq 1 w`b cici bvjvq I MGZÆ cÉGqvM
KiGZ nGe| wPswo Qvovi ci RwgGZ me mgqB cvwb ivLGZ
K evsjvG`Gk Mj`vi Mo Drcv`b 500-600 ˆKwR/ˆnÙi| nGe| avb cvKv ÷i‚ nGj ˆÞGZi cvwb KgvGZ nGe ‰es avb
KvUvi cGi MGZÆi gaÅ ˆ^GK wPswo aiGZ nGe| ‰GÞGò
L ˆKvGbv cyKzi ev Rjvkq nGZ Kg mgGq AwaK gvQ wPswoi Mo Drcv`b nGe kZK cÉwZ 1.5-2.0 ˆKwR|
Drcv`Gbi jGÞÅ h^vh^fvGe cyKzi cÉÕ§ZKiY, cÉRvwZwfwîK
mwVK msLÅK I Õ¼vÕ©Åevb ˆcvbv gRy`, wbqwgZ mvi cÉGqvM,
cwiwgZ mÁ·ƒiK Lv`Å mieivn, cvwbi àYvàY wbq¯¨Y ‰es
D®²Z eÅeÕ©vcbvi gvaÅGg gvQ Pvl KivGK wbweo gvQ Pvl
c«¬wZ eGj|
‰ c«¬wZGZ A͸ RvqMvq, A͸ mgGq AwaK gvQ Drcv`Gbi
gvaÅGg Avw^KÆ fvGe jvfevb nIqv hvq|
M wgRvb mvGne RwgGZ avGbi mvG^ PvGli RbÅ Mj`v wPswoi
ˆcvbv msMÉn KGib|
avbGÞGZ Mj`v wPswo Pvl ejGZ ‰KB RvqMvq ‰KB cwiGkGl ejv hvq, wgRvb mvGne DwÍÏwLZ c«¬wZGZ avGbi
eÅeÕ©vcbvq ‰KB mgGq avb I wPswo Pvl KivGK ˆevSvq| mvG^ Mj`v wPswo Pvl KiGeb|
‰GÞGò avb nGjv gyLÅ dmj Avi wPswo nGjv 2q dmj| A^vÆ r
avGbi RwgGZ avb I Mj`v wPswo PvGli gvaÅGg Pvwliv ‰KB cÉk²24 ivRevox KGjGRi wkÞv^xÆ iv ˆkÉwYi KvGRi Ask
mvG^ `ywU dmj cvGe| ‰ cÉhywÚGZ ˆZgb ˆKvGbv evowZ AG^iÆ
cÉGqvRb nq bv| avb ˆÞGZ AvMvQvi cÉGKvc nvË m cvq ‰es
avGbi djb ZzjbvgƒjK e†w«¬ cvq|
wgRvb mvGne ‰ eQi cuvP weNv RwgGZ avGbi Avev` KGiGQb| wnGmGe cyKzGi wPswo Pvl ˆ`LGZ ˆMj| ˆmLvGb Zviv wPswoi
‰B RwgGZ avGbi mvG^ wPswo PvGli jGÞÅ KYÆdjz x b`xi
ˆgvnbvÕ© ‰KwU nÅvPvwi ˆ^GK wPswo msMÉn KGib| wPswo mÁ·ƒiK Lv`Å cÉGqvM chÆGeÞY Kij| ‰Qvov Zviv RvbGZ
àGjvi ˆ`Gni Zzjbvq gv^v eo nq ‰es MvGq KvjGP AvovAvwo
`vM ^vGK| A^Ævr Zvi msM†nxZ wPswoàGjv wQj Mj`v wPswo hv cvij cyKzGi wPswoi ˆcvbv Qvovi mgq wKQy welq weGePbvq
Õ©vbxq fvlvq eo BPv bvGg cwiwPZ| avb ˆÞGZ Mj`v wPswo
PvGli RbÅ ‰KUz eo mvBGRi ˆcvbv wbGZ nq| ˆcvbvi mvBR ivLGZ nq| B wkLbdj-8
K. gvQ cÉwKÌqvRvZKiY KvGK eGj? 1
L. ˆKvb aiGbi gvQ wUbRvZKiY Kiv nq? 2
18 cvGéix m†Rbkxj K‡wlwkÞv w«¼Zxq cò ‰Kv`k-«¼v`k ˆkÉwY
M. wkÞv^Æxiv ˆh c«¬wZwU chÆGeÞY KiGjv Zv eÅvLÅv ˆcvbv gRy` Kiv ˆhGZ cvGi| gƒjZ cyKzGii gvwUi DeÆiZv,
cvwbi àYvàY, Pvl c«¬wZ, Pvl eÅeÕ©vcbv, ˆcvbvi AvKvi,
KGiv| 3 cyKzGii AvKvi BZÅvw`i Ici ˆcvbv gRyG`i NbZ½ wbfÆi KGi|
ˆcvbv Qvovi mgq fvGjv I Lvivc ˆcvbv Avjv`v KiGZ nGe|
N. wkÞv^xÆ iv AviI ˆh welqwU mÁ·GKÆ RvbGZ ˆcGiwQj ˆcvbv mKvGj ev weKvGj Vvív cwiGeGk cwienb KGi AvbGZ
nGe|
Zv weGkÏlY KGiv| 4
24 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
K AvnwiZ ZvRv gvGQi àYMZgvb AcwiewZÆZ ˆiGL gvQGK ˆcvbv cwienGbi mgq cvGòi Zvcgvòv Kg ivLGZ nGe|
‰KwU wbw`ÆÓ¡ mgq chƯ¦ LvIqvi DcGhvMx ivLvi RbÅ wewf®² cÉwZN¥Ÿv cwienGbi RbÅ cÉwZ wjUvi cvwbGZ 10 MÉvg nvGi
c«¬wZGZ gvQ msiÞY KivGK gvQ cÉwKÌqvRvZKiY eGj| eiGdi eÅeÕ©v KiGZ nGe| eid mivmwi ˆcvbv cvGò bv w`Gq
AwÝGRb eÅvGMi evBGi ivLGZ nGe| ˆcvbv Qvovi AvGM
L wUbRvZKiY nGjv gvQ msiÞGYi ‰KwU AvaywbK c«¬wZ ˆUKmBKiY KiGZ nGe| ‰ RbÅ ˆcvbvi eÅvM ev cvwZjwU
hvGZ evqykƒbÅ AeÕ©vq gvQ msiÞY Kiv nq| mKj cÉKvi gvQ cyKzGi wKQyÞY fvwmGq ivLGZ nGe| eÅvGMi wfZGii cvwb ‰es
cyKzGii cvwb A`j-e`j KiGZ nGe| cvGòi cvwb ‰es
wUbRvZ Kivi DcGhvMx bq|
cyKzGii cvwbi gGaÅ Zvcgvòvi cv^ÆKÅ 1 ˆm. ‰i ˆewk nGe|
ˆhme cÉRvwZi gvGQi MVb DœP Zvcgvòvq wVK ^vGK ÷aygvò mKvGj ev weKvGj ˆcvbv QvoGZ nGe|
ˆmme gvQGKB wUbRvZKiY Kiv nq| ˆm wnGmGe ˆewk PweÆhyÚ
ev ‰GKevGi Kg PweÆhyÚ gvQ wUbRvZ Kiv nq bv| mvaviYZ DcGii welqàGjv weGePbvq ˆiGL cyKzGi wPswoi ˆcvbv QvoGZ
ˆhme gvGQi PweÆ gvGQi ˆ`Gni IRGbi 7-15% ‰i gGaÅ nGe| ZvnGj wPswo nGZ fvGjv djb cvIqv hvGe|
ˆmàGjv wUbRvZKiGYi RbÅ Dîg|
M wkÞv^xÆ iv wPswoi mÁ·ƒiK Lv`Å cÉGqvM c«¬wZ chÆGeÞY cÉk²25 evsjvG`Gk wewf®² cÉRvwZi gvQ I wPswo cvIqv
KGiwQj|
hvq| ˆKvGbvUv cyKzGi Pvl nq Avevi ˆKvGbvUv Pvl nq bv|
gvQ I wPswoi A͸ mgGq `Ë‚Z e†w«¬i RbÅ cÉvK‡wZK LvG`Åi
cvkvcvwk evBGi ˆ^GK ˆh Lv`Å mieivn Kiv nq ZvGK gvgyb wgqv gvQ PvGli cÉwkÞY MÉnY KGiGQb| Zvi RwgGZ avb
mÁ·ƒiK Lv`Å eGj| AvgvG`i ˆ`Gk PvGji Kzuov, MGgi fzwm,
mwilvi ŠLj, wZGji ŠLj BZÅvw` gvGQi mÁ·ƒiK Lv`Å wnGmGe KvUvi ci 3-4 gvGmi RbÅ cvwb aGi ivLvi eÅeÕ©v KGi
eÅenvi Kiv nq| cyKzGi cÉvK‡wZK LvG`Åi cÉvcÅZvi Ici
mÁ·ƒiK Lv`Å cÉGqvGMi cwigvY wbfÆi KGi| A^Ævr, cyKzGi gvGQi Pvl ÷i‚ KGib ‰es wZwb Zvi ‰i…c gvQ Pvl KiGZ Zvi
cÉvK‡wZK Lv`Å Kg ev ˆewki RbÅ mÁ·ƒiK Lv`Å ˆewk ev Kg
cÉGqvM KiGZ nq| cyKzGi wPswoi Š`wnK IRGbi 2-5 fvM cÉwZGekxG`iGKI AbycÉvwYZ KiGjb| A wkLbdj- 8 I 9
nvGi ‰ Lvevi w`GZ nq| Lye Mfxi cvwbGZ Lvevi mivmwi
wQwUGq ˆ`Iqv DwPZ bq| ˆmGÞGò ˆMvjvKvi wc´£ ev wcGjU K. bvBGjvwUKv Kx? 1
AvKvGi Lvevi w`Gj fvGjv nq| cÉwZw`b ‰KB Õ©vGb Lvevi
w`GZ nq| cyKzi ˆewk Mfxi nGj 1 wgUvi MfxiZvq Wze¯¦ L. gvQ Pvl ejGZ Kx ˆevSvq? 2
cvUvZb ev ˆUÇGZ Lv`Å ˆ`Iqv DwPZ| Lv`Å ˆ`Iqvi Õ©vGb euvk
cyGZ wPwn×Z Kiv DwPZ| LvG`Åi cwigvY KLbB wbaÆvwiZ M. gvgyb wgqvi Pvl c«¬wZ eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3
cwigvGYi kZKiv 10 fvGMi ˆewk evovGbv DwPZ bq|
cÉGqvMK‡Z LvG`Åi DwœQÓ¡ Ask ˆ^GK ˆMGj H Ask ˆkl bv N. DóxcGK DwÍÏwLZ gvgyb wgqvi PvlK‡Z c«¬wZwUi
nIqv chƯ¦ Lv`Å ˆ`Iqv e®¬ ivLGZ nq A^ev Lv`Å wKQyUv
KwgGq ˆ`Iqv ˆhGZ cvGi| wPswo mvaviYZ ivGZ Lv`Å MÉnY ài‚Z½ weGkÏlY KGiv| 4
KGi, ‰ KviGY wPswoi cyKzGi weKvGj Lv`Å ˆ`Iqv DwPZ|
nVvr KGi Lv`Å ˆ`Iqvi mgq I Õ©vb cwieZÆb Kiv DwPZ 25 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
bq| ‰GZ LvG`Åi AcPq I wPswoi e†w«¬ nËvm cvq|
K ˆ`wk wewf®² cÉRvwZi ˆZjvwcqv gvGQi gGaÅ cÉRbb NwUGq
ŠZwi Kiv bZzb nvBweËW gvQB nGjv bvBGjvwUKv|
L ˆKvb wbw`ÆÓ¡ RjvkGq cwiKw͸Z DcvGq ռ͸ cuywR, A͸ mgq
I jvMmB cÉhywÚi gvaÅGg gvGQi Drcv`bB nGjv gvQ Pvl|
gƒjZ wewf®² wbqg ˆgGb cÉvK‡wZK Drcv`Gbi ˆPGq AwaK gvQ
Drcv`bGKB gvQ Pvl ejv nq|
‰wU K‡wli gGZvB ‰KwU Pvlvev` c«¬wZ| gvQ PvGli wewf®²
c«¬wZ AvGQ, ˆhgb- ‰KB cyKzGi bvbv RvGZi gvQ Pvl Kiv
hvq, Lvj I ˆWvevq gvQ Pvl Kiv hvq, Avevi ˆNi, avb ˆÞZ,
ˆPŒevœPvGZI gvGQi Pvl Kiv hvq|
A^Ævr wPswoi cyKzGi Õ©vb, mgq I cwigvY weGePbvq ˆiGL M gvgyb wgqv Pvl c«¬wZwU nGjv avGbi mvG^ Mj`v wPswoi
mÁ·ƒiK Lv`Å cÉGqvM KiGZ nGe| Pvl|
N wkÞv^Æxiv wPswo ˆcvbv Qvovi mgq wKQy welq weGePbvq avGbi mvG^ wPswo Pvl c«¬wZ wbGÁ² AvGjvPbv Kiv nGjv
ivLvi K^v RvbGZ cvij| ‰KB RwgGZ ‰KB mgGq ‰KvwaK dmj Drcv`b KivGK
mgw®¼Z Pvl eGj|
mvaviYZ D®²Z eÅvcK Pvl c«¬wZGZ kZvsk cÉwZ 80-100wU
ˆcvbv gRy` Kiv hvq| ZGe wbweo c«¬wZGZ 200wU chƯ¦
gvrmÅ Pvl 19
ˆh RwgGZ eQGi 3-4 gvm mgq ‰es 10-20 ˆmwg MfxiZvq mgw®¼Z PvGl Rwgi DeÆiZv e†w«¬ cvq, AvMvQv wbq¯¨Y nq,
cvwb AvUGK ivLv hvGe ‰gb Rwg wbeÆvPb KiGZ nGe| Rwgi Bu`yGii Dc`Ëe nGZ cvGi bv| ‰GZ ռ͸ mgGq AwaK Drcv`b
AvBj kÚ, gReyZ ‰es DuPz KGi ŠZwi KiGZ nGe| cvwbi nq, KgÆmsÕ©vGbi myGhvM m†wÓ¡ nq ‰es mvgwMÉK Drcv`b «¼viv
MfxiZv mgvb ivLvi RbÅ Rwgi mKj Õ©vGb Pvl w`Gq mgZj A^Æ‹bwZKfvGe jvfevb nIqv hvq|
ivLGZ nGe| RwgGZ fvGjvfvGe Pvl ˆ`qvi ci cÉPwjZ wbqGg
ivmvqwbK mvi I ˆMvei mvi wgwkGq Rwg ŠZwi KiGZ nGe| A^Ævr, gvgyb wgqv mgw®¼ZfvGe avGbi ˆÞGZ Mj`v wPswo Pvl
Rwgi Xvj Abyhvqx ˆÞGZi wfZGi AvovAvwofvGe KGqKwU KGi A͸ eÅGq, ռ͸ mgGq AwaK Avq KGi| ZvB ejv hvq,
bvjv Lbb KiGZ nGe| cÉwZwU bvjv 50-60 ˆmwg Mfxi ‰es mgw®¼Z Pvl c«¬wZwU A^Æ‹bwZKfvGe jvfRbK| A
60-100ˆmwg cÉkÕ¦ nGZ nGe| bvjvi gv^vq wKsev
msGhvMÕ©vGb bvjvi ˆPGq Mfxi I cÉkÕ¦ KGi MZÆ Lbb KiGZ cÉk²26
nGe hvi MfxiZv nGe 1 wgUvi| avGbi Pviv mvwie«¬fvGe
ˆivcb KiGZ nGe| avGbi Pviv ˆivcGbi ˆÞGò mvwi ˆ^GK wPò : K wPò : L
mvwii `ƒiZ½ 20-25 ˆmwg ‰es Pviv ˆ^GK Pvivi `ƒiZ½ 15-20
ˆmwg ivLGZ nGe| ‰GÞGò avGbi Pviv ˆivcGbi 20-25 w`b A wkLbdj-8 I 11
ci wPswoi ˆcvbv QvoGZ nq| RwgGZ ˆcvbv Qvovi DchyÚ
mgq nGjv mKvj ev weKvj ˆejv| avb ˆÞGZ wPswo PvGl ˆgvU K. evsjvG`Gki DcK„jxq AçGji cwiPq `vI| 1
mgq nGjv 3-4 gvm| ZvB ˆcvbv gRyG`i ˆÞGò KgcGÞ 5
ˆmwg `xNÆ ˆcvbv gRy` Kiv DwPZ| avb ˆÞGZ wPswo PvGl L. wPswo AvniGYi wbqg eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2
mÁ·ƒiK Lv`Å wnGmGe PvGji Kzuov I ˆMvei 1t 3 AbycvGZ
wgwkGq eGji AvKvGi kZvsk cÉwZ 40-45 MÉvg KGi cÉwZ 7 M. wPò-K ˆKv^vq ˆKv^vq Pvl Kiv hvq? eÅvLÅv KGiv|3
w`b A¯¦i A¯¦i MGZÆ w`GZ nGe| 1 gvm ci wPswoi e†w«¬
chÆGeÞY KGi ˆgvU IRGbi 3-5% nvGi ŠLj I PvGji Kzuov N. wPò-K I wPò-L ‰i PvGl ˆivM eÅeÕ©vcbvi Zzjbv
1t 1 AbycvGZ wgwkGq 1 w`b cici bvjvq I MGZÆ cÉGqvM
KiGZ nGe| wPswo Qvovi ci RwgGZ me mgqB cvwb ivLGZ KGiv| 4
nGe| avb cvKv ÷i‚ nGj ˆÞGZi cvwb KgvGZ nGe ‰es avb
KvUvi cGi MGZÆi gaÅ ˆ^GK wPswo aiGZ nGe| ‰GÞGò 26 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
wPswoi Mo Drcv`b nGe kZK cÉwZ 1.5-2.0 ˆKwR|
K evsjvG`Gki DcK„jxq Açj ejGZ mgy`Ë ZxieZxÆ ‰jvKv
cwiGkGl ejv hvq, gvgyb wgqv DwÍÏwLZ c«¬wZGZ avGbi mvG^ ˆhgb- KÝevRvi, ˆUKbvd, gywLqv, gGnkLvjx, euvkLvjx,
Mj`v wPswo Pvl KGi| A PGKvwiqv, Lyjbv, evGMinvU, mvZÞxiv, cUzqvLvjx BZvw`
ˆevSvq|
N gvgyb wgqv mgw®¼ZfvGe avGbi mvG^ Mj`v wPswo Pvl KGi|
avbGÞGZ Mj`v wPswo Pvl ejGZ ‰KB RvqMvq ‰KB L wPswoi ‰KK PvGl mgvKvi Pvl c«¬wZGZ wPswo AvniY
eÅeÕ©vcbvq ‰KB mgGq avb I wPswo Pvl KivGK ˆevSvq| Kiv hvq| A^Ævr ‰KB mgGq ‰B eqGmi ˆcvbv gRy` KiGj
avbGÞGZ wPswo PvGli ˆÞGò avb nGjv gyLÅ dmj Avi wPswo ‰KmvG^ mKj wPswo AvniY Kiv hvq| ‰GÞGò, Rvj ˆUGb
nGj w«¼Zxq dmj| ‰KB RwgGZ avGbi mvG^ wPswo Pvl KiGj A^ev cyKzGii cvwb AcmviY KGi wPswo AvniY Kiv nq|
avGbi ˆZgb ÞwZ nq bv, cvkvcvwk wPswo wewKÌ KGi AwZwiÚ AweiZ Pvl c«¬wZGZ AvniGYi ˆÞGò cÉwZgvGm Rvj w`Gq eo
Avq Kiv hvq| wPswo AvniY Kiv nq| KvcÆRvZxq gvGQi mvG^ wgkÉ PvGli
mgw®¼Z Pvl c«¬wZGZ avb ˆÞGZ wPswo Pvl KiGj Avw^ÆKfvGe ˆÞGò ˆeo Rvj ev SuvwK Rvj w`Gq gvQ AvniY KGi eo
jvfevb nIqv hvq| ˆKbbv, ‰KB RwgGZ ‰KvwaK dmj wPswoàGjv AvniY Kiv nq| mÁ·ƒYÆ AvniGYi ˆÞGò cyKzGii
djvGbv hvq| avb ˆÞGZ wPswo Pvl KiGj ‰i RbÅ Avjv`v mÁ·ƒYÆ cvwb AcmviY KGi wPswo AvniY Kiv nq| AgvemÅv ev
RvqMvi `iKvi nq bv| wPswoi gj I AbÅvbÅ eRÆÅ c`v^Æ avb cƒwYÆgvi ˆRvqvi wPswo AvniGYi DchyÚ mgq|
ˆÞGZ mvi wnGmGe KvR KGi| ‰QvovI avGbi RGbÅ ÞwZKi
KxUcZãàGjvGK wPswo ˆLGq ˆdGj| dGj avb PvGli Drcv`b M wPò-K ‰KwU Mj`v wPswo| Mj`v Õ¼v`y I Clr ˆjvbv
eÅqI AGbKvsGk KGg hvq| mgw®¼Z PvGl Rwgi mGeÆvîg eÅenvi cvwbi wPswo| evsjvG`Gki Afů¦ixY RjvkGqi cÉvq meÆòB
wbwøZ nq| ivmvqwbK KxUbvkK eÅenvi Kivi cÉGqvRb nq bv ‰G`i cvIqv hvq| ZGe DcK„jxq ‰jvKvi KvQvKvwQ b`-
eGj cwiGek, gvwU I cvwb welvÚZv ˆ^GK iÞv cvq| wPswoGK b`xàGjv Mj`v wPswoi cÉavb wePiY ˆÞò| Afů¦ixY Rjvkq,
mÁ·ƒiK Lvevi bv w`GqI fvGjv djb cvIqv hvq| ‰B aiGbi ˆhgb cyKzGi Mj`v ‰KKfvGe ‰es KvcÆ RvZxq gvGQi mvG^
wgkÉfvGe Pvl Kiv hvq| ‰Qvov avbGÞZ ‰es ˆNGiI Mj`vi
Pvl Kiv hvq| cyKzGi Mj`v PvGli ˆÞGò cyKzi wbeÆvPb, cyKzi
cÉÕ§ZKiY ˆhgb-cyKzi ÷KvGbv, ivÞzGm gvQ AcmviY, Pzb
cÉGqvM, mvi cÉGqvM KiGZ nq| ‰Qvov ˆcvbv msMÉn, ˆcvbv
gRy`, mÁ·ƒiK Lv`Å cÉGqvM, cvwb eÅeÕ©vcbv BZÅvw` KvhÆKÌg
h^vwbqGg mÁ·®² KiGZ nq| avbGÞGZ wPswo PvGli ˆÞGò
20 cvGéix m†Rbkxj K‡wlwkÞv w«¼Zxq cò ‰Kv`k-«¼v`k ˆkÉwY
AvBj DuPz Kiv, avbGÞGZ bvjv ŠZwi, wbMÆgb bvjv ŠZwi, gvQ KwVb c`v^Æ (cwjKYv) ‰i DcwÕ©wZ NUGj| 5. cyKzGi
AvUKvGbvi ˆbU cÉÕ§Z ivLv, avGbi cvkcvwk wPswoi RbÅ PzbRvZxq c`vG^Æi Afve nGj cvwb ˆNvjv nq| A
30% AwZwiÚ mvi cÉGqvM, avGbi RvZ wbeÆvPb, cvwb M grmÅ KgÆKZÆv gwbiGK jeYGÞGZ evM`v wPswo PvGli RbÅ
eÅeÕ©vcbv, avb I wPswoi cwiPhÆv, Lv`Å eÅeÕ©vcbv BZÅvw` Rwg cÉÕ§wZi Ici ài‚Z½vGivc KiGZ eGjb|
AwZwiÚ KvhÆvw` h^vwbqGg mÁ·®² KiGZ nq| ˆNGi Mj`vi evsjvG`Gki `wÞY I `wÞY-cƒeÆvçGj wecyj cwigvY RwgGZ
PvGl fvjfvGe ˆNi cÉÕ§Z, ˆcvbv gRy`, cvwb eÅeÕ©vcbv, Lv`Å jeY PvGli bvbvi…c mgmÅvi KviGY AwaK jvGfi RbÅ
eÅeÕ©vcbv BZÅvw` myÓ¤zfvGe mÁ·®² KiGZ nq| jeYGÞGZ evM`v wPswo PvGli eÅvcK mGy hvM m†wÓ¡ nGqGQ|
ZGe mG¯¦vlRbK djb ˆcGZ jeYGÞGZ evM`v wPswo PvGli
N wPò-K nGjv Mj`v wPswo I wPò-L nGjv evM`v wPswo| RbÅ Rwg Lye fvGjvfvGe cÉÕ§Z Kiv cÉGqvRb| evM`v wPswo
wPswoGZ cÉavbZ ˆcÉvGUvGRvqv, eÅvKGUwiqv, fvBivm I QòvGKi PvGli Rwgi AvqZb 1-2 ˆnÙi nIqv fvGjv ‰es Rwg
AvKÌgGY, RjvkGqi AeÅeÕ©vcbvi KviGY ‰es cywÓ¡Ki Dîgi…Gc mgZj KGi cÉÕ§Z KiGZ nGe| ˆNGii cvo ˆek DuPz
LvG`Åi AfvGe ˆivM nGq ^vGK| mvaviYZ cyKzGi gvòvwZwiÚ KiGZ nGe ˆhb elÆvi mgq cvo ZwjGq bv hvq| nVvr KGi
ŠRe c`vG^Æi DcwÕ©wZi KviGY Mj`v wPswoi gv^vq I AZÅvwaK cvwb nGj ˆhb bvBjb ˆbU ev euvGki evbv w`Gq Ri‚wi
dzjKvq KvGjv `vM ˆivM, cywÓ¡i AfvGe ˆLvjm big (cvwbGZ wfwîGZ gvQ AvUKvGbv hvq Zvi eÅeÕ©v ^vKGZ nGe| Rwgi
KÅvjwmqvGgi Afve nGj) I cywÓ¡nxbZv ˆivM I ˆLvjGm meyR AvBj kÚ KGi euvav ‰es cvwbi ˆkIjv, AvMvQv, AveRÆbv
ˆkIjv mgmÅv BZÅvw` ˆivM nGq ^vGK| Aciw`GK, evM`v cwiÓ•vi KiGZ nGe| cvwbi MfxiZv MGo 1 wgUvi ivLGZ
wPswo mv`v `vM ˆivGM meGPGq ˆewk AvKÌv¯¦ nq| ‰Qvov nGe| gvwUi Dci DcwÕ©Z AÁÏgvb ˆgGc Pzb cÉGqvM KGi Zv
Mj`vi ˆivMàGjvI evM`vq nGq ^vGK| ‰RbÅ Dfq wPswo 7.0 ‰i Dci wbGZ nGe| jeYvÚZvi gvòv 17 wcwcwU chƯ¦
PvGli ˆÞGòB ˆivGM AvKÌvG¯¦ wPswo AcmviY KiGZ nGe, gRy` ivLv hvGe| ˆcvbv Qvovi cƒGeÆ ivÞzGm gvQ I AvMvQv `ƒi KGi
NbZ½ nvË m I PvlKvjxb Nb Nb cvwb cwieZÆb KGi cwiGkvwaZ Pzb cÉGqvM KiGZ nGe| Rwgi wbPz AsGk RjR MvQ ev MvGQi
cvwb cyKzGi cÉGek KivGZ nGe, ŠRe mvi eÅenvi e®¬ ivLGZ
nGe I Lv`Å Lv`ÅcvGò cÉGqvGMi ci DwœQÓ¡ Lv`Å A¯¦ZcGÞ
cGii w`b mwiGq ˆdjGZ nGe, Rvj ˆivG` ÷wKGq eÅenvi cvZv, kvLv w`Gq gvGQi AvevmÕ©j ŠZwi KiGZ nGe|
KiGZ nGe, wbweo c«¬wZGZ wPswo Pvl KiGZ nGe, Pzb I mylg DcwiDÚ KvRàGjv mwVKfvGe mÁ·®² KiGj evM`v wPswoi
Lv`Å cÉGqvM KiGZ nGe, cyKzi cÉÕ§wZi mgqB cyKzGii Zjvi Drcv`b Avkvbyi…c cvIqv mÁ¿e nGe|
eRÆÅ AcmviY I wPswoi AvkÉqÕ©j wVK KiGZ nGe BZÅvw`| N grmÅ KgÆKZÆv gwbiGK jeYGÞGZ evM`v wPswo PvGli mgq
cÉk²27 gwbi jeYGÞGZ evM`v wPswo PvGli RbÅ grmÅ ˆcvbv gRyG`i cieZÆx KvRàGjv mwVKfvGe mÁ·®² Kivi civgkÆ
KgÆKZÆvi civgkÆ MÉnY KGib| grmÅ KgÆKZÆv ZvGK mwVKfvGe ˆ`b| A
Rwg cÉÕZ§ KiGZ eGjb| wZwb eGjb, “Rwg cÉÕ§wZi Ici evM`v jeYGÞGZ evM`v ˆcvbv gRy`-cieZxÆ eÅeÕ©vcbvi A¯¦fzÆÚ
PvGli mdjZv wbfÆi KGi|” ‰Qvov wZwb jeYGÞGZ ˆcvbv cÉavb cÉavb welqàGjv nGjv ˆcvbv, cvwb I Lv`Å eÅeÕ©vcbv,
gRyG`i cieZÆxGZ Lv`Å cÉGqvM, mvi cÉGqvM I ˆivMevjvB
cwiPhÆv I ˆivM-evjvB eÅeÕ©vcbv, wPswo AvniY BZÅvw`|
`gGbi cÉwZ mZKÆ nIqvi civgkÆ ˆ`b| wkLbdj-11 jeYGÞGZ cÉwZ kZvsGk 200-300wU myÕ© mej ˆcvbv gRy`
KiGZ nGe| ˆcvbv gRyG`i ci mÁ·ƒiK Lv`Å cÉGqvM KiGZ
K. evsjvG`Gk Drcvw`Z wPswoi gGaÅ evM`vi Ae`vb nGe| cÉwZw`b 1,000 ˆcvbvi RbÅ 1g gvm 15 MÉvg, 2q gvm
75 MÉvg, 3q gvm 150 MÉvg, 4^Æ gvm 400 MÉvg, 5g gvm 1
kZKiv KZ fvM? 1 ˆKwR Lv`Å cÉGqvM KiGZ nGe| cÉwZ ˆgŒmyGg ˆcvbv Qvovi ci
cÉvK‡wZK Lv`Å R¯ÃvGbvi RbÅ cÉwZ kZGK 70-90 MÉvg
L. cvwbGZ ˆNvjvZ½ mw† Ó¡ nIqvi KviYmgƒn eÅvLÅv KGiv|
2
M. grmÅ KgÆKZÆvi DwÚwU eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3
N. grmÅ KgÆKZÆvi civgkÆwU gƒjÅvqb KGiv| 4 BDwiqv, 20-25 MÉvg wU‰mwc wQwUGq cÉGqvM KiGZ nGe|
27 bs cÉGk²i Dîi evM`v wPswo fvBivmRwbZ mv`v `vM ˆivGM meGPGq ˆewk
AvKÌv¯¦ nGq ^vGK| ‰Qvov evM`vq KvGjv dzjKv ˆivM, ˆLvjm
K evsjvG`Gk Drcvw`Z wPswoi gGaÅ evM`vi Ae`vb kZKiv 55 big ˆivM, ˆLvjGm meyR ˆkIjv ˆivM, cywÓ¡nxbZv BZÅvw`
fvM| A ˆivM ˆ`Lv ˆ`q| ˆcvbv gRyG`i 30-45 w`Gbi gGaÅ ‰me
ˆivM ˆ`Lv hvq| ‰RbÅ mwVK c«¬wZGZ ˆivMevjvB `gGbi
L elÆvKvGj e†wÓ¡i cvwbi mvG^ gvwU ayBGq gvwUi K`ÆgKYv
AwZwiÚ cwigvGY cyKzGi cÉGek KiGj cvwb ˆNvjv nq| A
1. elÆvKvGj e†wÓ¡i cvwbi mvG^ gvwU ayBGq cyKzGi cÉGek KiGj| eÅeÕ©v wbGZ nGe|
2. cvwbGZ gvòvwZwiÚ µÏvsKUGbi DcwÕ©wZ NUGj| 3. cyKzGi DcwiDÚ c`GÞcmgƒn gwbi mwVKfvGe wbGZ cviGj evM`v
wPswo Pvl KGi ˆm Avkvbyi…c djb cvGe|
cPbkxj c`vG^Æi AwZwiÚ DcwÕ©wZ NUGj| 4. cyKzGi fvmgvb
gvrmÅ Pvl 21
cÉk²28 kvwnb DcK„jxq ‰jvKvq 5 ˆnÙi Rwgi ˆNGi evM`v 2.5-3 ˆKwR Lv`Å w`GZ nq| 15 w`b cici cÉwZ kZvsGk 10
wPswoi Pvl Kivi wm«¬v¯¦ ˆbb| ‰RbÅ wZwb grmÅ KgÆKZÆvi ˆKwR ˆMvei, 100 MÉvg BDwiqv ‰es 30 MÉvg wU‰mwc cvwbi
kiYvc®² nb| grmÅ KgÆKZÆv ZvGK mwVK cwigvGY ˆcvbv mvG^ àwjGq cyKzGii cvwbGZ wQwUGq w`GZ nGe|
gRyG`i K^v eGjb| ‰Qvov wZwb kvwnbGK ˆcvbv gRyG`i ci cvwb eÅeÕ©vcbvi ˆÞGò cvwbi Zvcgvòv, `Ëexf„Z AwÝGRb,
mwVKfvGe Lv`Å cÉGqvM, mvi cÉGqvM I cvwb eÅeÕ©vcbvi cÉwZ jeYvÚZv, AÁÏZ½, Õ¼œQZv hvGZ wPswoi PvGli AbyK„Gj ^vGK Zv
wkLbdj-11 ˆLqvj ivLGZ nGe| cÉwZgvGm 40-50% cvwb cwieZÆb KiGj
jÞ ivLvi civgkÆ ˆ`b| A
K. iµ¦vwbGhvMÅ wPswoi gGaÅ Mj`vi Ae`vb kZKiv KZ fvGjv nq| cyKzGi gvGS gvGS Rvj ˆUGb, euvk wcwUGq A^ev
fvM? 1 K‡wòg AwÝGRb w`Gq AwÝGRGbi cwigvY evovGZ nq|
L. wbweo PvGli ˆÞGò ˆh myweavmgƒn cvIqv hvq Zv ˆcvbvi Kvw›ÞZ Drcv`b e†w«¬i RbÅ ˆcvbv gRyG`i cieZÆx
AvGjvPbv KGiv| 2 avcàGjv mwVKfvGe mÁ·v`b Kiv cÉGqvRb| ZvB grmÅ
M. kvwnGbi ˆNGi ˆcvbv gRyG`i nvi I c«¬wZ ˆjGLv| 3 KgÆKZÆvi ˆ`Iqv civgkÆwU h^vh^ wQj|
N. grmÅ KgÆKZÆvi civgkÆwU gƒjÅvqb KGiv| 4 cÉk²29 KÝevRvi wkÞvmdGi wMGq nvmvb mÅvi Zvi
28 bs cÉGk²i Dîi wkÞv^xÆ G`i wbGq jeY Pvl ˆ`LGZ ˆMGjb| ˆmLvGb Õ©vbxq
K iµ¦vwbGhvMÅ wPswoi gGaÅ Mj`vi Ae`vb kZKiv 23 fvM| ˆjvGKiv KxfvGe jeY ŠZwi KGi Zv ˆ`LvGjb| wZwb
L wbweo gvQ Pvl c«¬wZ gvQ PvGli meÆvaywbK D®²Z cÉhywÚ| wkÞv^xÆ G`i AviI eGjb, ‰B jeYGÞGZ evM`v wPswo Pvl Kiv
wbweo PvGli myweavàGjv nGjv A hvq| A wkLbdj-11
1. ‰ Pvl c«¬wZGZ gvGQi mGeÆvœP Drcv`b wbwøZ Kiv hvq|
2. ‰ Pvl c«¬wZGZ AwZwiÚ KgÆmsÕ©vGbi myGhvM m†wÓ¡ nq| K. wbivc` gvQ Kx? 1
3. A͸ RvqMvq ˆewk cwigvGY gvQ Pvl Kiv mÁ¿e nq|
4. ‰ Pvl c«¬wZGZ Pvwl AwaK nvGi gybvdv ARÆb KiGZ L. wPswoi cyKzGi cvwb cwieZÆb KiGZ nq ˆKb? 2
cvGi| M. wkÞv^xÆ G`i ˆ`Lv c«¬wZwU eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3
M kvwnb DcK„jxq ‰jvKvq ˆNGi evM`v wPswo Pvl Kivi N. nvmvb mÅvGii eÚeÅwU gƒjÅvqb KGiv| 4
wm«¬v¯¦ MÉnY KGib| A
ˆNGi evM`v wPswo PvGli RbÅ mÕy © mej ˆcvbv QvoGZ nGe| 29 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
gƒjZ Pvl c«¬wZ, Pvl eÅeÕ©vcbv, ˆcvbvi AvKvi, cyKzGii
AvKvi I Pvwli Avw^ÆK mvg^ÅÆ I ˆcvbvi cÉvcÅZvi Ici ˆcvbv K ˆhme gvGQ ˆKvGbv ivmvqwbK c`v^Æ w`Gq msiÞY Kiv nq
gRyG`i NbZ½ wbfÆi KGi| mvaviYZ cÉwZ ˆnÙGi 30 ˆ^GK 40 bv I hv gvbyGli MÉnGY Õ¼vGÕ©Åi ˆKvGbv ÞwZ KGi bv ZvB
nvRvi ˆcvbv QvoGZ nGe| ZvB kvwnGbi cyKzGi 150 ˆ^GK wbivc` gvQ| A
L cyKzGii cvwbi àYvàGYi Ici wPswoi Õ¼vÕ©Å I Drcv`b
wbfÆikxj|
wPswo PvGli RbÅ cvwbi wbw`ÆÓ¡ wKQy àYvàY eRvq ivLv Ri‚wi|
fvGjv wPswo Drcv`Gbi RbÅ cvwbi Õ¼œQZv 25-35 ˆm.wg. nGZ
200 nvRvi ˆcvbv QvoGZ nGe| gvN-dvÍšyb gvGmi w`GK ˆNGi nq| cvwbi Zvcgvòv 18-34 ˆm. I wc. ‰BP 7-8.5 ‰i
evM`vi ˆcvbv gRy` Kiv nq| evM`v wPswoi ˆcvbv ˆNGi Qvovi gGaÅ ^vKGZ nq| `xNÆw`b cyKzGi ‰KB cvwb ^vKGj ‰B
AvGM cwienGbi eÅvM ev cvò ˆNGii cvwbGZ Avav N¥Ÿv àYvàYàGjv eRvq ^vGK bv dGj wPswoi Drcv`Gb cÉfve cGo|
fvwmGq ˆiGL Zvici cvò I ˆNGii cvwb A`j-e`j KGi ‰ KviGYB wPswoi cyKzGi cvwb gvGS gvGS cwieZÆb KiGZ nq|
ˆcvbvGK ˆNGii cvwbGZ Lvc LvBGq QvoGZ nGe| M wkÞv^xÆ G`i ˆ`Lv c«¬wZwU wQj jeY ŠZwii c«¬wZ|
mZy ivs ejv hvq, ˆNGi ˆcvbv gRyG`i mwVK cwigvY I c«¬wZi AvenvIqv AbyK„Gj ^vGK eGj wWGmÁ¼i gvGmi gvSvgvwS mgq
Ici evM`v wPswoi Drcv`b wbfÆikxj|
ˆ^GK Rvbyqvwi gvGmi gvSvgvwS chƯ¦ mgq jeY Pvl Kiv nq|
N grmÅ KgÆKZÆv kvwnbGK ˆNGi evM`v wPswoi ˆcvbv gRyG`i jeY Drcv`Gbi RbÅ mwVKfvGe AvBj ˆeuGa I mgZj KGi
cGi Lv`Å I mvi cÉGqvM ‰es cvwb eÅeÕ©vcbvi Ici Rwg cÉÕ§Z Kiv nq| ‰ici RwgGK cÉ^Gg 6-7wU LGí fvM
weGklfvGe ˆLqvj ivLGZ eGjb| A
Kiv nq| LíàGjvi AvqZb memgq mgvb nq bv| cÉwZwU
ˆcvbv Qvovi ci wPswoi fvGjv e†w«¬ I cÉvK‡wZK LvG`Åi Afve LGíi Pviw`GK 1-1.5 dzU DuPz KGi euva w`Gq Avjv`v Kiv
cƒiGYi RbÅ mÁ·ƒiK Lv`Å cÉGqvM KiGZ nGe| Lv`Å wQwUGq nq| jeY PvGli RbÅ cÉwZwU LGíi Zjvi Rwg ˆivjvGii
A^ev ˆUÇGZ I `jv ˆeuGa cÉGqvM KiGZ nGe| wPswoi e†w«¬ mvnvGhÅ mgZj I kÚ Kiv nq| RwgGZ AvBj kÚfvGe wbgÆvY
wVKgGZv nGœQ wKbv, wPswo ˆivMvKÌv¯¦ nGœQ wKbv Zv ˆ`Lv ‰es KGi mieivn bvjv ev Lvj w`Gq RjvavGi ˆjvbv cvwb cÉGek
mÁ·ƒiK LvG`Åi cwigvY wbaÆviY Kivi RbÅ wPswo aGi IRb KwiGq KGqKw`b ivLv nq|
wbGZ nGe| cÉwZ 1,000 ˆcvbvi RbÅ cÉwZw`b cÉ^g gvm 15 Zvici Rjvavi ˆ^GK ˆjvbv cvwb cÉ^Gg ‰KwU LGí XzwKGq
MÉvg, w«¼Zxq gvm 75 MÉvg, Z‡Zxq gvm 150 MÉvg, PZz^Æ gvm AvUGK ˆ`Iqv nq| ‰ cvwb 15-20 w`b ˆivG` ÷wKGq cvwb
400 MÉvg I cçg gvm 1 ˆKwR, lÓ¤ gvm 2 ˆKwR I mµ¦g gvm
22 cvGéix m†Rbkxj K‡wlwkÞv w«¼Zxq cò ‰Kv`k-«¼v`k ˆkÉwY
evÓ·xqKiY Kivi ci ˆQvU bvjv w`Gq w«¼Zxq LGí jeY cvwb 30 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
cÉGek KivGbv nq| ‰fvGe 1g LGíi cvwb chÆvqKÌGg ˆkl
LGí Avbv nq| ˆjvbv cvwb 1-2 mµ¦vn AvUGK evÓ·xf„Z KiGj K µÏvsKUb nGjv cvwbGZ fvmgvb AvYyexÞwbK Rxe hv gvQ
jeY `vbv euvGa| ‰fvGe ˆkl LGí jeY `vbv euvav ÷i‚ nGj Lv`Å wnGmGe MÉnY KGi|
cÉ^g Lí w`Gq cybivq cvwb cÉGek KwiGq ˆkl Lí chƯ¦
ˆcuŒQvGbv nq| L gvGQi kixGi meÆ`v ŠRe ivmvqwbK wKÌqv-wewKÌqv NGU|
ˆKvGbv KviGY ‰me Õ¼vfvweK wKÌqvKjvc evavMÉÕ© nGj gvGQ
DcK„jxq ‰jvKvq DcGii ewYÆZ cÉwKÌqvi gvaÅGg jeY Pvl ˆivM msKÌgY nq| ˆivGMi AvKÌgY nGj Zv gvGQi mG¯¦vlRbK
Kiv nq| djb ˆcGZ euvavi mw† Ó¡ KGi| dGj cywÓ¡ NvUwZ ˆ`Lv ˆ`q|
K‡lK Avw^ÆKfvGe ÞwZMÉÕ© nq| ZvB gvGQi Õ¼vfvweK e†w«¬,
N nvmvb mÅvGii eÚeÅwU nGjv, jeY ˆÞGZ evM`v wPswo Pvl Kvw›LZ djb I jvfRbK Drcv`Gbi RbÅ ˆivM eÅeÕ©vcbv
Kiv hvq| KÝevRvi ‰jvKvq elÆv ˆgŒmyGg jeY ˆÞGZ evM`v Ri‚wi|
wPswo Pvl Kiv nq|
M ZzwnGbi bvbv evwoGZ ˆ`Lv gvQ ÷KvGbvi c«¬wZwU nGjv
MÉxÓÃKvGj jeY Drcv`b ˆkl nGj elÆvi ÷i‚GZ ˆRvqvGii cvwb ÷uUwKKiY| ÷uUwKKiGYi c«¬wZ wbGP eYÆbv Kiv nGjv@
ˆÞGZ cÉGek KGi| ‰B cvwb jeY ˆÞZGK ayGq cwiÓ•vi mhƒ ÆvGjvK I evZvGmi mvnvGhÅ gvGQi ˆ`n ˆ^GK AwZwiÚ Rjxq
KGi| evM`v wPswo PvGl Rwg fvGjvfvGe mgZj KGi cÉÕ§Z Ask nËvm KGi gvQ msiÞY KivGK ÷uUwKKiY eGj|
KiGZ nq| ‰ici RwgGZ AvBj kÚ KGi euvaGZ nq| Rwgi gvQGK mhƒ ÆvGjvGK ÷KvGbv nq eGj gvGQi ˆ`n ˆ^GK cvwb
cvwbi MfxiZv 1 wgUvi ivLGZ nq| Rwg ˆ^GK ivÞzGm gvQ, evÓ·vKvGi ˆewiGq hvq, dGj gvGQi cPb ˆiva nq| gvQ
ˆkIjv, AvMvQv BZÅvw` `ƒi KGi Pzb cÉGqvM KiGZ nq| cÉwZ ÷uUwKKiGYi RbÅ cÉ^Gg cvLbv, Auvk, bvwofzuwo BZÅvw` ˆdGj
kZGK ŠRe mvi 1.5 ˆKwR, BDwiqv 200 MÉvg I wU‰mwc ˆ`Iqv nq| eo gvQ ˆhgb i‚B, KvZjv RvZxq gvGQi ˆÞGò
180 MÉvg cÉGqvM KiGZ nq| Rwg cÉÕ§Z I Pzb cÉGqvGMi 80 gv^v ˆKGU ˆdjv nq| ‰ici gvQGK eyK nGZ ˆjGRi w`GK
w`b cGi ˆRvqvGii cvwb cÉGek KiGZ ˆ`Iqv nq| jeY ˆÞGZ jÁ¼vjwÁ¼fvGe ‰gbfvGe KvUv nq ˆhb ˆjGRi cÉvG¯¦ mvgvbÅ
D®²Z nvjKv c«¬wZGZ cÉwZ kZGK 125wU evM`v wPswoi ˆcvbv ˆjGM ^vGK| ‰i dGj gvQGK ÷KvGbvi RbÅ guvPvq SzwjGq
Qvov nq| Rwgi wbPz AsGk RjR MvQ ev MvGQi kvLv w`Gq ivLGZ mwy eav nq| ÷uUwKGK cvwL ev AbÅvbÅ cÉvYxi AvKÌgY
wPswoi RbÅ AvevmÕ©j ŠZwi Kiv nq| ˆcvbv Qvovi 1 mµ¦vn nGZ iÞvi RbÅ guvPvi Dci Rvj UvwbGq ivLv nq|
ci cÉvK‡wZK Lv`Å R¯ÃvGbvi RbÅ cÉwZ kZGK 80 MÉvg BDwiqv ÷uUwKKiGYi RbÅ gvQàGjvi Rjxq AsGki cwigvY KwgGq
I 24 MÉvg wU‰mwc wQwUGq cÉGqvM Kiv nq| cvwbi ˆfŒZ, 16% ev Zvi wbGP bvwgGq AvbGZ nq| mvaviYZ AvenvIqv I
ivmvqwbK I ŠRweK àYvewj evM`v wPswoi DcGhvMx ivLvi gvGQi cÉK‡wZi Ici wbfÆi KGi gvQàGjv ÷KvGZ 7-10 w`b
RbÅ gvGS gvGS cvwb cwieZÆb Kiv nq| evM`v wPswoGK mÕy © mgq jvGM| gvQ ÷KvGbvi ci gv`yGii Dci ev KuyGo NGii
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A wkLbdj- 13 ‰B c«¬wZGZ gvQ msiÞGY AwZwiÚ eÅq nq bv| ZvQvov
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eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3
N. evsjvG`Gki ˆcÉÞvcGU ZzwnGbi ˆ`Lv DóxcGKi
grmÅ msiÞY c«¬wZwUi ài‚Z½ weGkÏlY KGiv| 4
gvrmÅ Pvl 23
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nvu m-gyiwMi AZů¦ cywÓ¡Ki Avwgl RvZxq Lv`Å wnGmGe eÅen†Z
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c«¬wZ nGjv ÷uUwKKiY, jeYRvZKiY, eidRvZKiY,
B wkLbdj- 13 wngvwqZKiY, wUbRvZKiY I aƒgvwqZKiY| ‰me c«¬wZi
gaÅ ˆ^GK ˆhGKvGbv ‰KwU c«¬wZi gvaÅGg gvQ msiÞY Kivi
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cvGi welqwU eÅvLÅv Ki| 4 nq ZLb DÚ msiÞYK‡Z gvQ mieivGni gvaÅGg gvGQi Pvwn`v
31 bs cÉGk²i Dîi cƒiY Kiv mÁ¿e|
K gvGQi mieivn I àYMZ gvb AÞzY² ivLvi RbÅ ˆKvGbv
Rjvkq nGZ gvQ AvniGYi ci h^vh^fvGe cwienb, cwiPhÆv
I msiÞGYi cÉwKÌqvGK gvQ cÉwKÌqvRvZKiY eGj|
L cvwb ˆ^GK gvQ AvniGYi 4-5 N¥Ÿvi gGaÅB cPb wKÌqv ÷i‚ ‰fvGeB gvQ msiÞY mwVK c«¬wZGZ Kiv nGj Zv RvZxq
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gvsmGckx big KGi gvQGK cPvq| gvGQi kixGii ‰bRvBg
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cPGZ ÷i‚ KGi| Avevi Zvcgvòv e†w«¬GZ gvGQi ˆ`Gni wfZi
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ˆMGj gvQ cGP hvq|
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KGi mwVK c«¬wZGZ ÷uUwK KGib| Kwig ˆQvU gvQ evRvi
ˆ^GK KÌq KGi ‰Gb mivmwi ˆivG` ˆ`b| ‰GZ Kwig ÷uUwKi
`vg Kg cvb ‰es ÷uUwK ˆewkw`b msiÞˆY ^vGK bv|
M ‰jgvi `v`v gvQ cÉwKÌqvRvZKiGYi gvaÅGg msiÞY Kivi A wkLbdj-13
wm«¬v¯¦ ˆbq| gvQ AvniGYi ci ˆ^GK ˆfvÚv KZ‡ÆK LvIqvi,
msiÞGYi I iµ¦vwb Kivi RbÅ gvGQi àYMZgvb wVK ˆiGL K. gvQ evRviRvZKiY Kx? 1
wewf®² iKg eÅeÕ©vcbv ev KvhÆKÌg KiGZ nq| ‰wUB gvQ
cÉwKÌqvRvZKiY| L. gvQ PvGl cÉvK‡wZK LvG`Åi f„wgKv eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2
M. iwng I KwiGgi ÷uUwKKiGYi c«¬wZi ZzjbvgƒjK
eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3
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ˆ`n ˆ^GK AcÉGqvRbxq Ask ˆhgb AuvBk, cvLbv, bvwofzuwo, KGiv| 4
dzjKv, ˆjR BZÅvw` AcmviY Kiv, ˆavqv, KvUv BZÅvw`|
wewf®² iKg msiÞGYi RbÅ wewf®² iKg cÉwKÌqv A¯¦fzÆÚ| gvQ 32 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
cÉwKÌqvRvZKiGYi gvaÅGg msiÞY c«¬wZ cÉavbZ `yB fvGM
K gvQ Pvwl ev Drcv`GKi KvQ ˆ^GK gvQ AvoGZ ˆbIqv ev
mivmwi ˆKÌZv A^ev ˆfvÚv ev LyPiv weGKÌZvi wbKU
ˆcuŒQvGbvGKB gvQ evRviRvZKiY eGj|
24 cvGéix m†Rbkxj K‡wlwkÞv w«¼Zxq cò ‰Kv`k-«¼v`k ˆkÉwY
L cyKzGi cÉvK‡wZKfvGe Drc®² µÏvsKUb ev Dw«¿` I cÉvwYKYvB ‰B c«¬wZGZ gvQ msiÞGY AwZwiÚ eÅq nq bv| ZvQvov
nGjv gvGQi cÉvK‡wZK Lv`Å| evsjvG`Gki kxZKvGji Av`ËÆZv I mhƒ ÆvGjvGKi Õ©vwqZ½
÷uUwKKiGYi RbÅ DchyÚ| ÷uUwK gvGQ cÉPzi Avwgl I wfUvwgb
cÉvK‡wZK Lv`Å gvGQi RxebaviGYi RbÅ cÉGqvRbxq LvG`Åi wW ^vGK| ‰ c«¬wZGZ gvQ msiÞY KGi mviveQi gvQ I
cÉavb Drm| cÉvYx KYv ˆ^GK gvQ cÉvq 40%-70% cÉvwYR AvwgGli Pvwn`v cƒiY Kivi cvkvcvwk weG`Gk iµ¦vwb KGi cÉPzi
Avwgl ˆcGq ^vGK| ‰ cÉvK‡wZK Lv`Å gvQ PvGli LiP KwgGq ŠeG`wkK gy`Ëv ARÆb Kiv hvq| ‰QvovI ÷uUwK gvQ eZÆgvGb
ˆ`q ‰es ivmvqwbK LvG`Åi ÞwZ ˆ^GK gvQGK wbivc` ivGL| nvu m-gyiwMi AZů¦ cywÓ¡Ki Avwgl RvZxq Lv`Å wnGmGe eÅen†Z
cÉvK‡wZK LvG`Åi DcwÕ©wZGZ gvQ Pvl KiGj ˆivMevjvB Kg nGœQ|
nq ‰es Õ¼vÕ©Åevb I cyÓ¡ gvQ cvIqv hvq|
÷uUwKKiY gvQ msiÞGYi mnRZg c«¬wZ| iwng h^vh^fvGe
M DóxcGK iwng I Kwig c†^K c†^K c«¬wZGZ gvQ ÷uUwKKiY c«¬wZ AejÁ¼b Kivq `xNÆw`b Zv msiwÞZ ^vGK|
÷UwKKiY KGi| wK¯§ Kwig mwVK c«¬wZGZ ÷uUwK bv Kivq msiÞY KiGZ
cvGiwb weavq ˆm ÞwZMÉÕ¦ nq| Aciw`GK Kwig msiwÞZ
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nq bv| cwiÓ•vi cvwbGZ gvQàGjvGK fvGjvfvGe ˆaŒZ Kiv cÉk²33 mRxe ‰KRb grmÅ Pvwl| wZwb Mfxi mgy`Ë nGZ
nq, hvGZ ˆKvb cÉKvi gqjv ev iÚ ˆjGM bv ^vGK| cwiÓ•vi
gvQGK 10% jeY cvwbGZ 15-20 wgwbU ivLv nq hvGZ gvQ msMÉn KGi Õ©vbxq evRvGi wewKÌ KGib| wewKÌi cƒGeÆ wZwb
÷KvGbv I msiÞY chÆvGq gvQ eÅvKGUwiqvi AvKÌgGYi wkKvi
bv nq| ‰ici f„wg ˆ^GK 0.5-1 wg. DœPZvq euvGki gvPv ŠZwi ˆQvU I eo gvGQ ˆMÉwWs KGi cwienGbi mgq evqywbGivaK
KGi Zvi Dci gv`yi ev PvUvB wewQGq gvQàGjvGK ˆivG`
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gvGQi cyi‚Z½ Kg nIqvq ˆiŒG`Ëi ZvGc AwZ mnGRB 4-5 w`Gbi
gGaÅ ‰me gvQ ÷wKGq hvq| gvQ ÷KvGbvi mgq ˆcvKvgvKo I cvkvcvwk wKQy Amyweavi, mÁÃyLxb nb| A wkLbdj-14
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KGi w`Gj ZvovZvwo I mgfvGe ÷KvGZ cvGi|
1
Aciw`GK Kwig ˆQvU gvQ ÷uUwKKiGY h^vh^ c«¬wZ AejÁ¼Y
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ˆ`b| gvGQi ˆ`Gni wewf®² AsGk ˆhgb- AuvBk, Pvgov,
bvwoufzwoGZ ˆh AmsLÅ RxevYy ^vGK Zv mwKÌq nGq DGV gvQGK M. mRxe ˆh c«¬wZGZ gvQ msiÞY KGi Zv eÅvLÅv
cPvq| eÅvKGUwiqv bvkK `ËeY eÅenvi bv Kivq gvGQi
gvsmGckx big nGq cPb Zivw®¼Z KGi| KGiv| 3
DcwiDÚ AvGjvPbvi cwiGcÉwÞGZ ejv hvq, gvQ ÷uUwKKiGY N. mRxGei M†nxZ msiÞY c«¬wZwUi mwy eav-Amwy eav
iwng mwVK c«¬wZ AejÁ¼b KiGjI Kwig Zv KGibwb|
weGkÏlY KGiv| 4
N DóxcGK iwnGgi gvQ msiÞY c«¬wZwU wQj ÷uUwKKiY|
evsjvG`Gk mhƒ ÆvGjvGKi mvnvGhÅ gvQ ÷uUwKKiY LyeB RbwcÉq 33 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
‰es jvfRbK c«¬wZ| AvgvG`i ˆ`Gk mvaviYZ kxZKvGj
‰Z ˆewk gvQ aiv cGo ˆh, me gvQ evRviRvZ Kiv mÁ¿e nq K evsjvG`Gk mvaviYZ kxZ ˆgŒmyGg gvQ ÷KvGbv nq| A
bv| ZvQvov Aby®²Z ˆhvMvGhvM eÅeÕ©vi KviGYI mwVK mgGq
gvQ evRviRvZ Kiv hvq bv| dGj AGbK gvQ cGP hvq| L aƒgvwqZ Kivi cƒGeÆ eÅen†Z jeGYi cwigvGci Ici wfwî
÷uUwKKiY c«¬wZGZ gvQ `xNÆ mgq msiÞY KGi ivLv hvq| KGi aƒgvwqZKiY cÉwKÌqv 2 fvGM fvM Kiv hvq|
evRvGi hLb gvGQi mieivn KGg hvq ZLb ‰ msiÞY Kiv
gvQ mieivn KGi gvbyGli cÉGqvRbxq AvwgGli Pvwn`v cƒiY h^v A
Kiv hvq| 1. kwÚkvjx aƒgvwqZKiY
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msiÞY KiGZ cvGib bv| dGj ÷uUwKKiY c«¬wZ ZvG`i RbÅ eÅen†Z Zvcgvòvi Ici wfwî KGi aƒgvwqZKiY `yB cÉKvi|
weGklfvGe DcGhvMx| ‰ c«¬wZGZ ˆKvGbv Zvc Acwievnx
KGÞi cÉGqvRb nq bv ‰es cwienb LiPI Kg jvGM| A^Ævr, h^v
1. Dú aƒgvwqZKiY
2. kxZj aƒgvwqZKiY|
M mRxe Mfxi mgy`Ë nGZ gvQ msMÉn KGi Õ©vbxq evRvGi
wewKÌi cƒGeÆ cwienGbi mgq eidRvZKiGYi gvaÅGg msiÞY
KGib| A
eidRvZKiY KGi msiÞY c«¬wZGZ cÉ^Gg gvQGK mvaviY
cvwbGZ ayGq ˆbqv nq| ‰GÞGò gvGQi AuvBk wKsev bvwofzuwo
ˆei Kiv nq bv| AZtci UzKwi ev Szwo A^Ævr ˆh cvGò gvQ
ivLv nGe ˆmwU cwiÓ•vi cvwbGZ ayGq wbGq Szwoi ˆfZGii
Pviw`GK PGUi ‰KwU AvÕ¦iY ˆ`qv nq| UzKwi ev Szwoi Zjvq
1.5-2 Bwç cyi‚ KGi UzKiv Kiv eiGdi Õ¦i ˆ`Iqv nq|
gvrmÅ Pvl 25
‰ici ‰KÕ¦i gvQ ‰KÕ¦i eid ‰fvGe eid I gvQ Õ¦Gi Õ¦Gi M. Zvwgg KÝevRvGi ˆKvb c«¬wZGZ gvQ msiÞY
mvwRGq SzwowU fwZÆ Kiv nq| ‰fvGe gvGQi meÆGkl Õ¦Gii
DcGi ‰KÕ¦i eid w`Gq Zvi DcGi ‰KwU PGUi UzKiv w`Gq ˆ`GLwQj? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3
ˆXGK ˆmjvB KGi ˆ`qv nq| eiGdi msiÞY ÞgZv evovGbvi
RbÅ ˆKÑvGivGUUÇvmvBwKÑb ev AwÝGUUÇvmvBwKÑb bvgK ivmvqwbK N. ZvwgGgi ˆ`Lv I Rvbv gvQ msiÞGYi c«¬wZi gGaÅ
c`v^Æ eÅenvi Kiv ˆhGZ cvGi| eid I gvGQi AbycvZ gvGQi
IRb I FZzi Ici wbfÆi KGi| AvgvG`i ˆ`Gki AvenvIqvq ˆKvbwU AwaK ài‚Z½ enb KGi? gZvgZ `vI| 4
eid I gvGQi AbycvZ MÉxÓÃKvGj 2 t 1 ‰es kxZKvGj 1 t 1
ivLv nq| mwVK cwiPhÆv, eid I gvGQi mwVK AbycvZ I 34 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
mwVK cvò eÅenvi Kiv nGj gvQ I wPswoGK 7-10 w`b chƯ¦
msiÞY KGi ivLv hvq| K gvQ cÉwKÌqvRvZKiY nGjv AvnwiZ ZvRv gvGQi mKj
DcGii c«¬wZGZ gvQ msiÞGYi gvaÅGg gvQGK ZvRvfvGe àYvàY AÞzY² ˆiGL gvQGK ˆfvÚvG`i Pvwn`v AbymvGi
msiÞY Kiv hvq| `xNÆGgqv`x I ռ͸Ggqv`xfvGe msiÞY KGi evRviRvZ Kivi
c«¬wZ|
N mRxe eidRvZKiY c«¬wZi gvaÅGg gvQ msiÞY KGi L gvQ AvniGYi ci wewKÌ ev ˆfvÚv KZ‡ÆK KÌGqi mgq
cwienb KGi| A gvbeG`Gni RbÅ ÞwZKviK ˆKvGbv ivmvqwbK `ËeÅ eÅenvi bv
eid w`Gq gvQ cwienGbi mgq myweavi cvkvcvwk wKQy KGi gvGQi cPb ˆiva KGi msiÞY KivGK wbivc` gvQ
AmyweavI iGqGQ| eid w`Gq gvQ msiÞGY gvQ UvUKv ^vGK| msiÞY eGj|
ˆhGKvGbv mgq UvUKv gvQ msiÞY Kiv hvq| msiÞY c«¬wZ
ZzjbvgƒjKfvGe mnR| ˆQvU-eo me aiGbi gvQ ‰B c«¬wZGZ wbivc` gvQ msiÞGYi gvaÅGg gvGQi Lv`Å Dcv`vb ˆhgb-
msiÞY Kiv hvq| eid ZzjbvgƒjKfvGe mnRjfÅ I mÕ¦v ZvB Avwgl I LwbR jeGYi gvb msiÞY Kiv hvq| ‰i gvaÅGg
LiP Kg nq| eid w`Gq msiwÞZ gvQ mnGR cwienb Kiv gvGQi ˆ`Gni wfZGii ‰bRvBGgi wKÌqv wbwÓ˜q Kiv hvq|
hvq| eid Mjv cvwb gvGQi ˆ`Gn we`Ågvb eÅvKGUwiqv, iÚ I gvGQi ivmvqwbK Dcv`vGbi RviY wKÌqv ˆiva Kiv hvq| gvGQi
gqjv ayGq mwiGq ˆdGj| eid w`Gq gvQ msiÞGYi wKQy AuvBk, dzjKv I cvKÕ©jxGZ AeÕ©vbKvix ÞwZKi RxevYyi
AmyweavI iGqGQ ˆhgb eid UzKivi (wewf®² AvKvGii) KvhÆKÌg Õ©wMZ Kiv hvq| mGeÆvcwi ˆKÌZv ev ˆfvÚvG`i KvGQ
AvNvGZ gvGQi ˆ`Gn ÞGZi m†wÓ¡ nGZ cvGi| Zvc Kzcwievnx ˆcŒuQvGbvi mgqKvGj gvGQi àYMZgvb AÞzY² ivLv hvq|
cvò eÅenvi Kiv nq bv eGj eiGdi KvhÆKvwiZv `xNÆÕ©vqx nq
bv| M ZvwgGgi ˆ`Lv c«¬wZwU wQj kuyUwKKiGYi gvaÅGg gvQ
eid ŠZwii cvwb AcwiÓ•vi nGj gvGQi ˆ`Gn ˆivM RxevYy msiÞY| ÷uUwKKiGYi c«¬wZ wbGP eYÆbv Kiv nGjv@
msKÌwgZ nGZ cvGi ˆhgb@ eid msiÞGYi eÅen†Z cvò mhƒ ÆvGjvK I evZvGmi mvnvGhÅ gvGQi ˆ`n ˆ^GK AwZwiÚ Rjxq
mwVKfvGe ˆavqv I RxevYygyÚ bv nGj gvGQ RxevYyi msKÌgY Ask nËvm KGi gvQ msiÞY KivGK ÷uUwKKiY eGj|
nGZ cvGi| eid I gvGQi AbycvZ mwVK bv nGj gvGQi gvQGK mhƒ ÆvGjvGK ÷KvGbv nq eGj gvGQi ˆ`n ˆ^GK cvwb
àYvàY bÓ¡ nq| evÓ·vKvGi ˆewiGq hvq, dGj gvGQi cPb ˆiva nq| gvQ
mZy ivs, eidRvZKiY c«¬wZGZ mwy eavi cvkvcvwk AmyweavI ÷uUwKKiGYi RbÅ cÉ^Gg cvLbv, Auvk, bvwofzuwo BZÅvw` ˆdGj
^vKv mGî½I ‰ c«¬wZGZ msiwÞZ gvQ UvUKv gvGQi Abyi…c ˆ`Iqv nq| eo gvQ ˆhgb i‚B, KvZjv RvZxq gvGQi ˆÞGò
^vGK ‰es ‰i àYvàYI ^vGK UvUKv gvGQi gGZv| ZvB gv^v ˆKGU ˆdjv nq| ‰ici gvQGK eyK nGZ ˆjGRi w`GK
eidRvZKiY gvQ msiÞGYi Dîg c«¬wZ| jÁ¼vjwÁ¼fvGe ‰gbfvGe KvUv nq ˆhb ˆjGRi cÉvG¯¦ mvgvbÅ
ˆjGM ^vGK| ‰i dGj gvQGK ÷KvGbvi RbÅ guvPvq SzwjGq
cÉk²34 XvKvq eo nIqv Zvwgg Zvi gvgvevwo KÝevRvi ivLGZ mwy eav nq| ÷uUwKGK cvwL ev AbÅvbÅ cÉvYxi AvKÌgY
nGZ iÞvi RbÅ guvPvi Dci Rvj UvwbGq ivLv nq|
ˆeovGZ wMGq ˆ`GL ˆmLvbKvi ˆLvjv gvGQ ˆivG`i gGaÅ euvGki ÷uUwKKiGYi RbÅ gvQàGjvi Rjxq AsGki cwigvY KwgGq
16% ev Zvi wbGP bvwgGq AvbGZ nq| mvaviYZ AvenvIqv I
LyuwUGZ I gvPvq nGiK iKGgi eo I ˆQvU gvQ ivLv AvGQ| ˆm gvGQi cÉK‡wZi Ici wbfÆi KGi gvQàGjv ÷KvGZ 7-10 w`b
mgq jvGM| gvQ ÷KvGbvi ci gv`yGii Dci ev KuyGo NGii
Zvi gvgvGK wRGæm KGi RvbGZ cvGi ‰KwU weGkl c«¬wZGZ gGaÅ gvQ ivLv nq| Zvici gvwUi cvò ev gUKvq ivLv nq|
Zvwgg DcwiDÚ cÉwKÌqvq euvGki guvPvq gvQ ÷uUwK KiGZ
fwelÅGZ LvIqvi RbÅ ‰ gvQ msiÞY Kiv nGœQ| wK¯§ ˆ`GLwQj hv wbivc` gvQ msiÞGYi ‰KwU c«¬wZ|
ZvwgGgi KvGQ cwiwPZ wQj ˆKej eid w`Gq gvQ msiÞGYi N Zvwgg KÝevRvGi ÷uUwKKiY c«¬wZGZ gvQ msiÞY
KiGZ ˆ`GL| ZGe ˆm AvGM ˆ^GKB RvbGZv ˆh
welqwU| cGi Zvi gvgv ‰ c«¬wZi ài‚Z½ eywSGq ˆ`b| eidRvZKiGYi gvaÅGg gvQ msiÞY Kiv nq| `yB c«¬wZGZB
AvgvG`i ˆ`Gk cÉPzi cwigvY gvQ msiÞY Kiv nq| wK¯§
A wkLbdj-14 ÷uUwKKiY c«¬wZGZ gvQ msiÞY eidRvZKiGYi ˆPGq
K. gvQ cÉwKÌqvRvZKiY Kx? 1 AwaK myweavRbK| KviY
L. wbivc` gvQ msiÞGYi DcGhvwMZv eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2
26 cvGéix m†Rbkxj K‡wlwkÞv w«¼Zxq cò ‰Kv`k-«¼v`k ˆkÉwY
1. eidRvZKiGYi gvaÅGg msiÞY Kiv gvQ gvò 5 - 10 Õ¼œQ cwjw^b ˆf` KGi mhƒ ÆiwkÄ ZuveyGZ cÉGek KGi ‰es
w`b chƯ¦ fvj ^vGK| ÷uUwKKiGYi gvaÅGg msiwÞZ gvQ ˆcQGbi KvGjv cwjw^Gb mhƒ ÆiwkÄ ˆkvwlZ I wewKwiZ nq dGj
KGqK eQi chƯ¦ fvj ^vGK| Zuveiy ˆfZGii Zvcgvòv ˆeGo hvq| Zuveyi DcGii w`GK wQ`Ë
ivLv nq hvGZ RjxqevÓ· ˆei nGq ˆhGZ cvGi| wbGPi w`GKI
2. eidRvZKiGYi RbÅ cÉGqvRbxq `ËeÅ mvgMÉxi cÉGqvRb ‰KcvGk wQ`Ë ivLv nq, hvGZ evZvm cÉGek KiGZ cvGi|
gvQGK SzwjGq ivLvi RbÅ Zuveyi ˆfZGi Avbyf„wgKfvGe euvGki
ˆewk, ˆhgb eid, KvGVi ev euvGki Szwo QvovI PvUvB ev ZvK Õ©vcb Kiv nq| mƒGhÆi AvGjvi ZvGc Zuveyi ZvGK iwÞZ
PGUi cÉGqvRb nq, ÷uUwKKiY c«¬wZGZ cÉGqvRbxq `ËeÅ gvQ ˆ^GK cvwb RjxqevÓ·vKvGi DcGii wQ`Ëmgƒn w`Gq ˆei
Kg jvGM ‰es ‰KB gvPvq eQGii ci eQi ÷uUwK cÉÕ§Z nGq hvq| ‰LvGb Zvcgvòv mvaviYZ 45-55 wWwMÉ ˆm ‰i
Kiv hvq| ‰RbÅ `ËeÅ eve` LiP eidRvZKiY ˆ^GK gGaÅ ^vGK, hv mGƒ hÆi AvGjvi Zvcgvòv ˆ^GK AGbK ˆewk| ‰
mvgMÉxKfvGe Kg jvGM| c«¬wZGZ ÷uUwK KiGZ 3-5 w`b mgq jvGM|
3. eidRvZK‡Z gvQ weGkl hGði mvG^ cwienb KiGZ nq,
AbÅ^vq eid MGj gvGQi ÞwZ nGZ cvGi| kuyUwKK‡Z gvQ DcGivÚ eYÆbvi ˆcÉwÞGZ ejv hvq, wPGòi cÉwKÌqvwUGZ gvQ
cwienGb ‰ aiGbi ˆKvb mgmÅv ˆbB| ÷uUwKKiY mnR, ‰GZ AwfæZv I weGkl h¯¨cvwZi cÉGqvRb
ˆbB, gvGQi àYMZgvGbi ˆZgb ˆKvGbv cwieZÆb nq bv| ZvB
eidRvZKiY ‰es ÷uUwKKiY ‰ `ywU c«¬wZB gvQ msiÞGYi DóxcGKi wPòwU gvQ ÷KvGbvi KvGR h^v^Æ f„wgKv ivGL|
RbÅ KvhÆKwi| wK¯§ mew`K weGePbvq kuyUwKKiY c«¬wZ,
eidRvZKiY c«¬wZ AGcÞv AwaK myweavRbK| N eZÆgvb ˆcÉÞvcGU DóxcGKi wPGòi A^Ævr ˆmvjvi WÈvqvGi
gvQ ÷KvGbvi cÉwKÌqv hG^Ó¡ mvgémÅcƒYÆ| A
cÉk²35 wbGPi wPòwU jÞ KGiv ‰es cÉk²àGjvi Dîi `vI:
A wkLbdj-14 gvQ msiÞGYi cÉavb DGókÅB nGœQ gvGQi àYMZ gvb wVK
ivLv| gvGQi g†ZzÅi ci ˆ^GKB cPb wKÌqv ÷i‚ nGq hvq Avi
ˆKvGbvfvGe wbq¯¨Y Kiv mÁ¿e nq bv| ZGe wewf®² cÉwKÌqvq gvQ
msiÞY KGi gvGQi cPb wKÌqv wejwÁ¼Z Kiv hvq; wK¯§
‰GKevGi e®¬ Kiv hvq bv|
K. gvQ msiÞY Kx? 1 wPGòi gvQ msiÞY c«¬wZwU gvQ msiÞGYi mbvZb c«¬wZ|
‰ c«¬wZGZ gvQ msiÞGY wKQy Amyweavi mÁÃyLxb nGZ nq|
L. cÉPwjZ c«¬wZGZ gvQ ÷KvGbv wbivc` bq ˆKb? 2 kyuUwK gvGQi weGkl aiGbi MG®¬i KviGY AGbK ˆKÌZvi KvGQ
÷uUwK cQG±`i bq| AvenvIqv Av`ËÆ nGj gvGQi kuyUwKKiY
M. DóxcGKi h¯¨wU Kx KvGR eÅen†Z nq Zvi h^v^ÆZv cÉwKÌqv mÁ·®² nGZ AGbK mgq cÉGqvRb nq| kuyUwKiGYi mvG^
mÁ·†Ú RbeGji ˆKvGbv cÉwkÞY bv ^vKvq kUuy wK gvGQi àYMZ
eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3 gvb iÞv Kiv mÁ¿e nq bv| gvQ ˆLvjv AvKvGki wbGP ÷KvGbv
nq dGj kuyUwKGZ ˆcvKv-gvKGoi AvKÌgGYi mÁ¿vebv ^vGK|
N. eZÆgvb ˆcÉÞvcGU DóxcGKi wPòwU KZUv mvgémÅcƒYÆ kuyUwK gvQ mwVKfvGe msiÞY Kiv bv nGj ‰i àYMZ gvb bÓ¡
nGq hvq| AGbK mgq ˆRGjiv AwewKÌZ cPv gvQ «¼viv kuyUwK
Zv gƒjÅvqb KGiv| 4 ŠZwi KGib| kuyUwK gvQ msiÞGYi mgq AGbK mgq KvGjv
nGq hvq weavq `vg KGg hvq|
35 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
K gvQGK wewf®² cPbKvix AYyRxGei AvKÌgY nGZ iÞv Kivi
gvaÅGg cPb ˆiva ‰es Õ¼v` I àYMZ gvb iÞvi cÉwKÌqvB nGjv
gvQ msiÞY| A
L cÉPwjZ c«¬wZGZ gvQ ÷KvGbvi ˆÞGò mswkÏÓ¡ RbeGji ‰ mKj cÉwZK„jZvi ciI ˆmvjvi WÈvqvGi gvQ ÷uUwKKiY
ˆKvGbv cÉwkÞY ^vGK bv| ‰ c«¬wZGZ gvQ ˆLvjv AvKvGki jvfRbK ‰es DchyÚ c«¬wZ| KviY AvgvG`i ˆ`Gki eZÆgvb
wbGP ÷KvGbv nq| ZvB ˆcvKvgvKGoi AvKÌgGYi AvksKv ˆcÉÞvcGU D®²Z h¯¨ eÅenvi KGi gvQ msiÞY mÁ¿e bq ‰es
^vGK| ò‚wUcƒYÆ I A‹eævwbK DcvGq msiÞGYi dGj gvGQi Zv hG^Ó¡ eÅqeüj| ZvB ‰GÞGò DwÍÏwLZ c«¬wZB
àYMZgvb bÓ¡ nGZ cvGi| ‰me KviGY cÉPwjZ c«¬wZGZ gvQ mvgémÅcƒYÆ|
÷KvGbv wbivc` bq| A
M DóxcGKi h¯¨wU nGjv gvQ msiÞGYi RbÅ cwjw^b Zuvey ev cÉk²36 eveyj evsjvG`k K‡wlwek¼we`ÅvjGqi grmÅ AbylG`i
ˆmvjvi WÈvqvGi gvQ ÷KvGbv cÉwKÌqv| ‰wU mƒhÆvGjvGK gvQ ÷uUwK
ˆkl eGlÆi Qvò| QywUGZ MÉvGg ‰Gm jÞ Kij AGbK grmÅ
Kivi ‰KwU D®²ZZi cÉwKÌqv| A
‰GÞGò euvGki KvVvGgv w`Gq `y’Pvj wewkÓ¡ NGii KvVvGgv ŠZwi Lvgvwiiv ZvG`i AvnwiZ gvQàGjvGK KxfvGe msiÞY KGi
KGi Zvi Ici cwjw^b wmU w`Gq ˆXGK Zuveyi AvKvi ˆ`Iqv
nq| Zuveyi ˆcQGbi w`GK I ˆgGSGZ KvGjv cwjw^b ^vGK ‰es ivLGZ nGe ˆm mÁ·GKÆ RvGb bv| cieZxÆGZ eveyj ‰jvKvi
ˆh cvk mGƒ hÆi w`GK gyL Kiv ˆm cvGk Õ¼œQ cwjw^b ^vGK|
grmÅ LvgvixG`i gvQ msiÞGYi wewf®² c«¬wZ mÁ·GKÆ aviYv
cÉ`vb KGi| B wkLbdj-14 I 18
gvrmÅ Pvl 27
K. wbivc` gvQ Kx? 1 dGj gvGQi cPb ˆiva Kiv hvq ‰es gvQGK UvUKv ev mGZR
ivLv hvq| wbw`ÆÓ¡ mgq chƯ¦ gvQ LvIqvi DcGhvMx ivLv hvq|
L. gvQ cPGbi cÉavb KviYwU eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2 gvGQi àYMZ gvb wVK ivLv hvq| gvGQi evRvi wbwøZ nq I
fvGjv `vg cvIqv hvq|
M. eveyGji MÉvGgi grmÅLvgvixG`i RbÅ 2wU msiÞY mviv eQi gvGQi Drcv`b ‰KB iKg nq bv| AvgvG`i ˆ`Gk
mvaviYZ kxZKvGj ‰Z ˆewk gvQ aiv cGo ˆhme gvQ
c«¬wZ eYÆbv KGiv| 3 evRviRvZ Kiv mÁ¿e nq bv| ˆhvMvGhvM eÅeÕ©vi AcÉZzjZvi
KviGY ˆewkifvM gvQ Kg `vGg wewKÌ KiGZ nq bZzev cGP
N. eveyGji cÉ`vb Kiv aviYv RvZxq grmÅ Pvwn`v cƒiGY hvq| hLb gvQ ˆewk Drcvw`Z nq ZLb ˆhGKvGbv msiÞY
c«¬wZi gvaÅGg gvQ msiÞY Kiv nq ‰es hLb Drcv`b Kg
ài‚Z½cƒYÆ f„wgKv ivLGe weGkÏlY KGiv| 4 nq ZLb DÚ msiÞYK‡Z gvQ mieivGni gvaÅGg gvGQi Pvwn`v
cƒiY Kiv nq|
36 bs cÉGk²i Dîi A^Ævr gvQ msiÞY mwVK c«¬wZGZ Kiv nGj Zv RvZxq grmÅ
Pvwn`v cƒiGY DGÍÏLGhvMÅ f„wgKv ivLGe| A
K ˆhme gvGQ ˆKvGbv ivmvqwbK c`v^Æ w`Gq msiÞY Kiv nq
bv I hv gvbyGli MÉnGY Õ¼vGÕ©Åi ˆKvGbv ÞwZ KGi bv ZvB
wbivc` gvQ| A
L gvGQi ˆ`Gn cvwb, Avwgl I ˆÕ²n c`v^Æ ˆewk cwigvGY cÉk²37 ingvb 50 kZK AvqZGbi ˆNGi wPswo Pvl KGib|
^vGK ‰es kKÆiv RvZxq c`v^Æ LyeB Kg ^vGK| ‰wUB gvQ `Ë‚Z
cPGbi cÉavb KviY| ˆKbbv ‰GZ RxevYy A^Ævr eÅvKGUwiqv, wPswo cPbkxj `ËeÅ nIqvq AvniGYi 4-5 N¥Ÿvi gGaÅB cPGZ
‰bRvBg I wewf®² ivmvqwbK wKÌqv ˆewk NGU| hvi dGj gvQ
AbÅvbÅ AGbK Lv`Å AGcÞv ZvovZvwo cGP| A
M eveyj Zvi MÉvGgi grmÅ LvgvwiG`iGK grmÅ msiÞY ÷i‚ KGi| ZvB ingvb mviv eQi LvIqvi RbÅ mbvZb
c«¬wZ mÁ·GKÆ eGjGQ| gvQ msiÞGYi `ywU cÉPwjZ c«¬wZ
c«¬wZGZ wPswo msiÞY KGi| Avevi wZwb wPswo
nGjv ÷uUwKKiY I jeYRvZKiY| wbGP c«¬wZ `ywU eYÆbv
Kiv nGjv: evRviRvZKiGYi cƒGeÆ ‰i àYMZ gvb eRvq ivLvi RbÅ wKQy
÷uUwKKiY ev ZvGc ÷wKGq ÷KGbv gvGQ cwiYZ Kiv nq| c`GÞc MÉnY KGib| B wkLbdj-15
÷uUwKKiY c«¬wZGZ ZvRv gvQ ˆ^GK cvwb ÷wKGq ˆdGj ‰gb
chÆvGq ˆbIqv nq ˆhLvGb eÅvKGUwiqv I AwaKvsk ‰bRvBGgi K. ˆcvÓ¡ jvfÆv ev wc‰j Kx? 1
KvhÆKÌg wbwÓ˜q nGq hvq| gvGQi ˆ`Gn cvwbi cwigvY 15-
20% ‰ bvwgGq Avbv nq| jeYRvZKiY c«¬wZGZ mvaviY L. gvGQi cÉvK‡wZK Lv`Å ejGZ Kx ˆevSvq? 2
Lvevi jeY cÉGqvM KGi AwfmeÉ Y cÉwKÌqvq gvGQi ˆ`n ˆ^GK
cvwb ˆei KGi Avbv nq ‰es mvG^ mvG^ eÅvcb cÉwKÌqvq gvGQi M. ingvGbi wPswo msiÞY c«¬wZwU eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3
ˆ`nvfů¦Gi jeY `ËeY cÉGek KGi| dGj gvGQi ˆ`nKjvq
jeGYi NbZ½ e†w«¬ cvq| ˆh cwigvY jeY gvGQi ˆ`Gn cÉGek N. ingvGbi M†nxZ c`GÞc weGkÏlY KGiv| 4
KGi Zvi ˆPGq ˆewk cwigvY cvwb evBGi ˆewiGq AvGm| ‰
cÉwKÌqvi dGj gvGQi cPb mw† Ó¡Kvix eÅvKGUwiqv e†w«¬ ˆcGZ 37 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
cvGi bv ‰es ‰bRvBGgi wKÌqvI bÓ¡ nGq hvq| dGj gvQ
cPGbi nvZ ˆ^GK iÞv cvq| K Mj`v wPswoi ˆiYy ˆcvbvGK ˆcvÓ¡ jvfÆv ev wc‰j eGj| A
L gvwU I cvwbi Õ¼vfvweK DeÆiZvq A^ev mvi cÉGqvGMi
gvaÅGg RjvkGqi cvwbGZ gvGQi ˆh Lv`Å ŠZwi nq ZvG`iGK
gvGQi cÉvK‡wZK Lv`Å eGj| µÏvsKUb, Þzw`cvbv, KzwUcvbv, ˆQvU
ˆQvU RjR KxUcZã BZÅvw` gvGQi cÉvK‡wZK Lv`Å| A
cÉvK‡wZK Lv`Å RjvkGqi cÉv^wgK Drcv`bkxjZv wbG`Æk KGi|
‰me c«¬wZ eÅenvi KGi eveyGji MÉvGgi grmÅ Lvgvwiiv gvQ M ingvb ˆNi nGZ wPswo msMÉn KGi Zv mbvZb c«¬wZGZ
AGbK w`b msiÞY KiGZ cviGe| ‰me gvGQi Pvwn`v ˆewk mviv eQi LvIqvi RbÅ msiÞY KGib| A
^vKvq evRvGi ‰àGjvi fvGjv gƒjÅI Zviv cvGe| A ˆQvU wPswoi wngvwqZKiY jvfRbK bv nIqvq mbvZb
c«¬wZGZ msiÞY Kiv nq| ˆhgb@
N eveyGji cÉ`vb Kiv aviYvwU nGjv grmÅ msiÞY| 1. ˆivG` ÷wKGq: ‰ c«¬wZGZ gv`yi, euvGki ˆUÇ A^ev DuPz
mwy bw`ÆÓ¡ c«¬wZGZ gvQ msiÞY Kiv nGj RvZxq grmÅ Pvwn`v ˆKvGbv Õ©vGb wPswo QwoGq ˆiGL ÷KvGbv nq| fvGjvfvGe
cƒiGY DGÍÏLGhvMÅ f„wgKv cvjb KiGZ cvGi| wPswo ÷KvGbvi ci wcwUGq wPswoi ˆLvjm Avjv`v Kiv
ˆKbbv gvQ msiÞY c«¬wZi «¼viv Drcvw`Z gvGQi àYMZ gvb nq| ˆLvjm mvi wnGmGe wewKÌ Kiv nq ‰es evwK Ask
wVK ivLv hvq| ‰B gvQ eüw`b ˆiGL I cywÓ¡gvb mg†«¬ PGUi ^wjGZ msiÞY Kiv nq|
AeÕ©vq LvIqv hvq| 2. wm«¬ KGi: ‰ c«¬wZGZ jeYwgwkÉZ wgVv cvwbGZ wPswo
evsjvG`Gki ˆcÉÞvcGU gvQ msiÞGYi RbÅ KGqKwU cÉPwjZ ˆiGL KGqK wgwbGUi RbÅ wm«¬ Kiv nq ‰es hLb
c«¬wZ nGjv ÷uUwKKiY, jeYRvZKiY, eidRvZKiY, wPswoi ˆLvjm big nGq AvGm ZLb cvwb SwiGq ˆivG`
wngvwqZKiY, wUbRvZKiY I aƒgvwqZKiY| ‰me c«¬wZi ÷KvGbv nq|
gaÅ ˆ^GK ˆhGKvGbv ‰KwU c«¬wZi gvaÅGg gvQ msiÞY Kivi
28 cvGéix m†Rbkxj K‡wlwkÞv w«¼Zxq cò ‰Kv`k-«¼v`k ˆkÉwY
3. ˆauvqvq ÷wKGq: cÉwZK„j AvenvIqvi RbÅ wPswoGK AGbK M digvwjbhyÚ I digvwjbgyÚ gvGQi wf®²Zv QGKi gvaÅGg
mgq ˆivG` ÷KvGbv mÁ¿e nq bv| ZLb eGbi KvV I jÁ¼v
jZvcvZv, Nvm «¼viv ŠZwi Ni ev KzwUi ŠZwi KGi wPswo DcÕ©vcb Kiv nGjv
mgfvGe QwoGq KvGVi Muyov ev avGbi Kzuov «¼viv ˆauvqv m†wÓ¡
KGi ÷KvGbv nq| digvwjbhyÚ gvQ digvwjbgyÚ gvQ
1. gvGQi ˆPvLàGjv 1. gvGQi ˆPvLàGjv
DcwiDÚ c«¬wZàGjv AejÁ¼b KGi ingvb wPswo msiÞY KGib| dÅvKvGk I wfZGii Õ¼vfvweK I jvjGP
w`GK XzKvGbv ^vGK| eGYÆi nq|
N wPswo AvniGYi ci evRviRvZKiGYi cƒeÆ chƯ¦ ‰i àYMZ 2. ˆ`Gn wcwœQj c`v^Æ 2. ˆ`Gn wcwœQj c`v^Æ
gvb eRvq ivLvi RbÅ ingvb wKQy c`GÞc MÉnY KGib| A
^vGK bv| ^vGK|
ingvb AvniYK‡Z wPswo mvgwqK msiÞGYi RbÅ cvKv ˆgGSi 3. dzjKv KvjGP eGYÆi 3. dzjKv jvjGP eGYÆi
Ni eÅenvi KGib| AvniYK‡Z wPswo cwiÓ•vi cvwbGZ ayGq
QvqvhyÚ Õ©vGb ivGLb| wPswo evRviRvZ KiGZ weKÌq Õ©vGb nq| nq|
ˆcuŒQvGbvi 2-3 N¥Ÿv ˆ`wii RbÅ mZKÆZvÕ¼i…c cƒGeÆ ˆ^GKB
eiGdi eÅeÕ©v KGi ivGLb| chÆvµ¦ cvwb ‰es cwienGbi RbÅ 4. ˆ`n ˆek ÷Ó• ^vGK| 4. ˆ`n ˆfRv I big
cÉGqvRbxq Szwo, cvZv, `wo I PGUi eÅeÕ©v KGib|
ˆQvU-eo AvKvi Abyhvqx wPswoi ˆMÉwWs KGib| cwiÓ•vi Vvív ^vGK|
cvwbGZ 5-10 wgwbU wPswo wfwRGq ivGLb| wPswo cwienb
Kivi cƒGeÆB cwienb cvò I AbÅvbÅ AvbylvwãK wRwbmcò 5. Õ¼vfvweK gvGQi M®¬ 5. Õ¼vfvweK gvGQi M®¬
cwiÓ•vi cvwbGZ ayGq ˆbb| eidRvZ Kivi cƒGeÆB cvGòi
Zjvq I cvGk big RvZxq Kjvi cvZv wKsev ˆfRv PU wewQGq ^vGK bv| ^vGK|
ˆ`b hvGZ wPswoi MvGq Pvc jvMGZ bv cvGi| ‰GÞGò wPswo I
eiGdi AbycvZ 1 t 1 wnmvGe ˆ`b| cvGòi gyL ˆfRv PU w`Gq N wbwLj cÉwZGe`Gbi gvaÅGg wWwRUvj wgUvGii «¼viv wbivc`
fvGjvfvGe ˆeuGa ˆ`b| ‰ici wZwb evRviRvZ KGib| gvQ kbvÚKiGYi cixÞv mÁ·GKÆ RvbGZ ˆcGiwQj|
digvwjb nGjv digvjwWnvBGWi 40% Rjxq `ËeY, hv gvbe
DwÍÏwLZ wewf®² c`GÞc MÉnY Kivi dGj ingvb wPswoi àYMZ Õ¼vGÕ©Åi RbÅ ÞwZKi|
gvb eRvq ˆiGL wPswo evRviRvZ KiGZ mÞg nb| digvwjb kbvÚKiGYi RbÅ gvGQi ˆ`Gn digvjwWnvBW
wWwRUvj wgUvi h¯¨ Õ·kÆ KivGj wWwRUvj c«¬wZGZ
digvwjGbi gvòvi wiwWs cvIqv hvq| BGjGÙÇv KÅvwgKÅvj
ˆm´Öi c«¬wZGZ 0-30 wcwc‰g chƯ¦ cwigvc Kiv hvq| h¯¨wU
cÉk²38 wbwLj ˆUwjwfkGb ‰KwU cÉwZGe`Gbi gvaÅGg 20 ˆm. ˆ^GK 40 ˆm. Zvcgvòvq ‰es 1590%
AvGcwÞK Av`ËÆZvq KvR KGi|
RvbGZ cvij ˆh, wKQy Amvay eÅemvqxiv gvQ msiÞGYi RbÅ wPswo ev gvGQ digvwjGbi DcwÕ©wZ wbaÆviGYi RbÅ ‰wU
‰KwU AZÅvaywbK wWwRUvj h¯¨ hv ˆm´Öi c«¬wZGZ KvR KGi|
digvwjb eÅenvi KiGQ, hv Õ¼vGÕ©Åi RbÅ ÞwZKi| cÉwZGe`Gb
cÉk²39 Rbve gnwmb Avjxi övgÅgvY Av`vjZ Lyjbv knGi
digvwjbhyÚ I digvwjbgyÚ gvQ ˆPbvi Dcvq mÁ·GKÆI ejv
nGjv| cÉwZGe`Gbi gvaÅGg wbwLj wWwRUvj wgUvi «¼viv wbivc` `ywU wPswo iµ¦vwbKviK cÉwZÓ¤vGb Awfhvb Pvjvq| cÉ^gwUGZ
gvQ kbvÚKiY cixÞv mÁ·GKÆI RvbGZ cvij|A wkLbdj-17 msiwÞZ gvGQi bgybv ‰KwU weGkl cÉwKÌqvq cixÞv KGi ˆ`Lv
K. µÏyiv Kx? 1 ˆMj ˆh bgybvwUi `ËeY nvjKv meyR is ˆ^GK ˆMvjvwc eYÆ
L. gvQ msiÞY Kiv cÉGqvRb ˆKb? 2 aviY KGi| ‰KBfvGe w«¼ZxqwUGZ cixÞv KGi, wK¯§ ‰GÞGò
M. DÚ cÉwZGe`Gbi `yB aiGbi gvGQi gGaÅ wf®²Zv bgybv `ËeGYi eYÆ AcwiewZÆZ ^vGK| cixÞvi djvdGji Ici
DGÍÏL KGiv| 3 wfwî KGi ‰KwU cÉwZÓ¤vbGK Rwigvbv Kiv nq| wkLbdj-17
N. wbwLj cÉwZGe`Gbi gvaÅGg ˆh cixÞvwU mÁ·GKÆ K. digvwjb Kx? 1
RvbGZ ˆcGiwQj Zvi weeiY `vI| 4 L. wUbRvZKiY cÉwKÌqvq ˆKŒUvi Afů¦Gi gvLb I
38 bs cÉGk²i Dîi ivmvqwbK c`vG^Æi cÉGjc ˆ`Iqv nq ˆKb? 2
K µÏyiv nGjv dzmdzGmi AveiYx| A M. Rbve gnwmb Avjxi övgÅgvY Av`vjZ KZ‡ÆK ˆh weGkl
L gvQ ài‚Z½cƒYÆ Avwgl RvZxq Lv`Å wnGmGe cwiwPZ| gvGQi cixÞv Kiv nGqGQ ˆmB c«¬wZwU eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3
cPbGiva, àYMZ gvb eRvq ivLv ‰es RxevYygyÚ ivLGZ gvQ
msiÞY Kiv cÉGqvRb| mwVKfvGe msiÞY KiGZ cviGj N. w«¼Zxq cÉwZÓ¤vb ˆh avivevwnK cÉwKÌqvq wPswo gvQ
Kvw›ÞZ mgqKvj chƯ¦ gvGQi ˆcÉvwUb I LwbR jeYRvZ
DcKiYàGjv MÉnGYvcGhvMx KGi ‰es àYMZ gvb D®²Z ivLv msiÞY KGiGQ ˆm cÉwKÌqvwU cÉevn wPGòi gvaÅGg
hvq|
weGkÐlY KGiv| 4
39 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
K digvjwWnvBGWi 40% Rjxq `ËeY nGjv digvwjb|
gvrmÅ Pvl 29
L ˆKvb cPbkxj Lv`Å`ËeÅGK mÁ·ƒYÆi…Gc evqykƒbÅ wbivc` KuvPvgvj (wPswo)
cvGò Ave«¬ AeÕ©vq DœPZvc I Pvc cÉGqvGM evwYwRÅKfvGe
RxevYygyÚ KGi msiÞY Kivi c«¬wZGK wUbRvZKiY eGj| KviLvbvq Avbv
mvaviYZ ˆewk PweÆhyÚ gvGQi ˆÞGò ‰B c«¬wZ cÉGqvM Kiv
nq| ‰B c«¬wZGZ eÅen†Z wUGbi ˆKŒUvi Afů¦Gi gvLb I IRb I ˆMÉwWs
ivmvqwbK c`vG^Æi cÉGjc ˆ`Iqv nq| ‰i dGj gvGQi àYMZ
gvb I Õ¼v` eRvq ^vGK| msiÞY fvGjv nq eGj eüw`b gvQ evQvBKiY
UvUKvI ^vGK| (fvGjv, Lvivc, ˆQvU, eo)
gv^vmn ˆLvmvhyÚ gv^vwenxb
M Rbve gnwmb Avjxi övgÅgvY Av`vjZ gvGQ welvÚ cÉ^g ˆaŒZKiY cÉ^g ˆaŒZKiY
ivmvqwbK c`v^Æ A^Ævr digvwjGbi DcwÕ©wZ kbvÚKiGYi (20 wcwc‰g ˆKÑvwib cvwb) (20 wcwc‰g ˆKÑvwib cvwb)
RbÅ digvwjb wKU eÅenvi KGiGQ|
KGqKwU avivevwnK c«¬wZGZ ‰B cixÞvwU Kiv nq| wbGg³ ‰B iµ¦vwb ˆMÉW gv^v I ˆLvmv ˆdjv
cixÞv c«¬wZwU eYÆbv Kiv nGjv@
cÉ^Gg bgybv gvQwUGK ˆUÇ ev evjwZGZ wbGq Iqvk ˆevZj «¼viv PvchyÚ cvwb «¼viv ˆaŒZKiY iµ¦vwb ˆMÉW
gvGQi mviv MvGq wWmwUΣ IqvUvi AvGÕ¦ AvGÕ¦ ˆÕcÉ KiGZ (10 wcwc‰g ˆKÑvwib cvwb)
nGe| ‰evi ˆUÇ ev evjwZGZ gvGQi kixi ˆavqv cvwb (5 wgwj) PvchyÚ cvwb «¼viv ˆaŒZKiY
bgybv wnmvGe cixÞGYi RbÅ msMÉn KiGZ nGe| Zvici IRb (10 wcwc‰g ˆKÑvwib cvwb)
gvcGPvO «¼viv 5 wgwj bgybv (gvQ ˆavqv cvwb) ‰KwU KvGPi
cvGò/ˆUÕ¡wUDGe wbGZ nGe| ˆUÕ¡-wKU ‰i 1 bs ˆevZj ˆkl ˆaŒZKiY IRb
(wi‰GR´Ÿ-1) ˆ^GK 1 wgwj ev 15 ˆduvUv `ËeY 5 wgwj cvwbi (5 wcwc‰g ˆKÑvwib cvwb)
mvG^ wgkvGZ nGe| Abyi…cfvGe, ˆUÕ¡ wKU-‰i 2bs ˆevZj ˆkl ˆaŒZKiY
(wi‰GR´Ÿ-2) ˆ^GK 1 wgwj `ËeY wi‰GR´Ÿ-1 wgwkÉZ gvQ ˆavqv cÅvwbs (5 wcwc‰g ˆKÑvwib cvwb)
cvwbi mvG^ wgkvGZ nGe| ‰evi DÚ wgkÉY fvGjvfvGe SuvKvGZ
nGe| KGqK ˆmGKG´£i gGaÅ wgkÉY nvjKv nvjKv meyR is iµ¦vwb ˆMÉW cÅvwbs
aviY KiGe| cybivq ˆUÕ¡ wKU-‰i 3bs ˆevZj (wi‰GR´Ÿ-3)
ˆ^GK 1 wgwj `ËeY DÚ wgkÉGYi mvG^ wgkvGZ nGe ‰es wngvwqZKiY (ˆµÏU wdÌRvGi 40C Zvcgvòv)
mveavbZvi mvG^ SuvKvGZ nGe|
wgwkÉZ `ËeY hw` nvjKv meyR is ˆ^GK ˆMvjvwc ev jvj is ‰ ˆ™ÏwRs
cwieZÆb nq ZvnGj eySGZ nGe bgybv gvQwUGZ digvwjGbi
DcwÕ©wZ AvGQ| Avi hw` `ËeGYi is AcwiewZÆZ ^vGK ZvnGj ˆgvoK euvavB
eySGZ nGe bgybv gvQwUGZ ˆKvGbv digvwjb ˆbB|
wngvMvGi msiÞY (18C Zvcgvòv)
N w«¼Zxq cÉwZÓ¤vb AvaywbK cÉwKÌqvi gvaÅGg ZvG`i wPswo gvQ
msiÞY KGiwQj| iµ¦vwb
AvaywbK c«¬wZGZ wPswo msiÞY ejGZ D®²Z cÉhywÚ eÅenvGii
gvaÅGg wPswoi àYMZgvb AÞzY² ˆiGL `xNÆw`b aGi msiÞY wPò: wPswo cÉwKÌqvRvZKiY ˆdÑvPvUÆ
KivGK ˆevSvq|
DóxcGKi w«¼Zxq cÉwZÓ¤vGbi msiÞY c«¬wZwU wbGg³ cÉevn AvaywbK c«¬wZGZ msiÞGYi dGj wPswoi Dci eÅvKGUwiqvi
wPGòi gvaÅGg ZzGj aiv nGjv: AvKÌgY, ‰bRvBGgi wKÌqv ‰es ivmvqwbK wKÌqv `xNÆÕ©vqxfvGe
ˆiva Kiv hvq| cÉwZeQi ‰B c«¬wZGZ msiwÞZ gvQ iµ¦vwb
KGi cÉPzi ŠeG`wkK gy`Ëv ARÆb Kiv nGœQ|
cÉk²40 Avgvb «¼v`k ˆkÉwYi Qvò| ZvG`i K‡wlwkÞvi
eÅenvwiK KÑvGm wkÞK digvwjbhyÚ ‰es digvwjbgyÚ gvQ
ˆPbvi wewf®² Dcvq eGjb| wZwb digvwjbhyÚ gvGQi ÞwZKi
w`KàGjv ZzGj aGib| ‰ici digvwjb kbvÚKvix wKU «¼viv
gvGQ digvwjGbi DcwÕ©wZ wbYÆGqi c«¬wZ ˆ`Lvb| cGii w`b
Avgvb Zvi evevi mvG^ evRvGi ˆMGj ‰KwU gvQ ˆ`GL ˆm eGj
‰GZ digvwjb iGqGQ ‰es Zv wKbGZ Zvi evevGK wbGla
KGi| A wkLbdj-17
30 cvGéix m†Rbkxj K‡wlwkÞv w«¼Zxq cò ‰Kv`k-«¼v`k ˆkÉwY
K. KqwU mbvZb c«¬wZGZ wPswo msiÞY Kiv hvq? 1 mw† Ó¡ nq| ‰Qvov gv^v eÅ^vmn k¼vmKÓ¡, Wvqwiqv, ˆcU eÅ^v,
MfÆcvZ, cÉRbb ÞgZv nvË m, Z½GKi ÷Ó•Zv ‰es ‰gbwK Z½K
L. µÏvsKUb ejGZ Kx ˆevSvq? 2 mv`v nGq hvIqv ˆivM nq|
DcGi DwÍÏwLZ KviGY ejv hvq, digvwjbhyÚ gvQ gvbeG`Gni
M. Avgvb Zvi evevGK gvQ wKbGZ ˆKb wbGla KGi Zv RbÅ AZů¦ ÞwZKi eGjB Avgvb Zvi evevGK gvQ wKbGZ wbGla
KGiwQj|
eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3
N Avgvb wkÞGKi ˆ`LvGbv c«¬wZi gvaÅGg wbivc` gvQ
N. wkÞGKi ˆ`LvGbv c«¬wZwU AvGjvPbv KGiv| 4 kbvÚKiY cixÞv mÁ·GKÆ RvbGZ cviGjv|
40 bs cÉGk²i Dîi gvGQ digvwjGbi DcwÕ©wZ ev wbivc` gvQ kbvÚKiGYi `yBwU
c«¬wZ AvGQ| evRvGiB gvQ cixÞv Kiv hvq digvjwWnvBW
K wZbwU mbvZb c«¬wZGZ wPswo msiÞY Kiv hvq| A wWwRUvj wgUvi «¼viv| gvGQi ˆ`Gn ‰B h¯¨ Õ·kÆ KivGj
digvwjGbi gvòvi wiwWs wWwRUvj c«¬wZGZ hG¯¨ ˆjLv DGV|
L µÏvsKUb nGjv cvwbGZ gyÚfvGe fvmgvb AYyexÞwYK Rxe BGjKGUÇv ˆKwgKÅvj ˆm´Öi c«¬wZGZ 0-30 wcwc‰g chƯ¦
hv ˆLGq gvQ Rxeb aviY KGi|
µÏvsKUb `y’cÉKvi, h^v: dvBGUvµÏvsKUb I RyµÏvsKUb| Þz`Ë cwigvc Kiv hvq| h¯¨wU 20 ˆm. ˆ^GK 40 ˆm. Zvcgvòvq
RxeàGjv Dw«¿` nGj ZvG`iGK dvBGUvµÏvsKUb ejv nq ‰es ‰es 15-90% AvGcwÞK Av`ËÆZvq KvR KGi| gvGQ
cÉvYx nGj ZvG`iGK RyµÏvsKUb ejv nq| ˆKÑvGijv, WvqvUg, digvwjGbi DcwÕ©wZ wbaÆviGYi RbÅ Bnv ‰KwU AZÅvaywbK
bÕ¡K, AÅvbvGebv BZÅvw` nGjv dvBGUvµÏvsKUb ‰es WÅvdwbqv, wWwRUvj h¯¨ ev ˆm´Öi c«¬wZGZ KvR KGi| Avevi digvwjb
emwgbv, ˆKivGUjv BZÅvw` nGjv RyµÏvsKUb| wKU eÅenvi KGi UvBGUÇkb c«¬wZGZ digvwjb cixÞv Kiv
hvq| ‰ RbÅ bgybv gvGQi kixi ˆavqv cvwb KvGPi wUDGe wbGq
M Avgvb evRvGi digvwjbhyÚ gvQ ˆ`GL Zvi evevGK Zv ˆUwÕ¡s wKU ‰i 1bs ˆevZj ˆ^GK `ËeY ˆhvM Kiv nq|
wKbGZ wbGla KGi| A AZtci 2bs wiGqGR´Ÿ w`Gq SuvKvGj meyR is nGq| cybivq
gvQ cPbkxj `ËeÅ weavq AvRKvj wKQy Amvay eÅemvqx `xNÆÞY 3bs wiGqGR´Ÿ w`Gq ˆUÕ¡wUDe SuvKvGZ nGq| `ËeGYi eYÆ meyR
gvQ msiÞGYi RbÅ digvwjb eÅenvi KGi| digvwjb ˆ^GK ˆMvjvwc ev jvj nGj eySGZ nGe digvwjb AvGQ| A
AwZgvòvq welvÚ ‰KwU ŠRe ˆhŒM ‰es Bnv gvbeG`Gni RbÅ Avgvb eÅenvwiK KÑvGmi gvaÅGg DcwiDÚ h¯¨àGjv «¼viv
AZů¦ ÞwZKi| digvwjbhyÚ gvGQi ŠewkÓ¡ÅàGjv nGjv@ evRvGi ‰es cixÞvMvGi gvGQ digvwjGbi DcwÕ©wZ wbwøZ
gvGQi AuvBk ÷Ó• ^vGK, dzjKv KvjGP eYÆ aviY KGi| ‰ Kivi cixÞv mÁ·GKÆ RvbGZ cviGjv|
mgq gvGQi ˆPvL ˆMvjGKi wfZGii w`GK XzKvGbv ^vGK|
gvGQi kixGi ˆkÏÓÃv ^vGK bv| gvGQi MvGq ev cvGk gvwQ eGm
bv| ‰me ŠewkÓ¡Å ˆ`GL Avgvb gvQwU digvwjbhyÚ eGj kbvÚ
KGi ‰es mGã mGã ‰B gvQ wKbGZ Zvi evevGK wbGla
KGi| KviY digvwjbhyÚ gvQ ˆLGj gvbyGli ˆ`Gn evwnÅK ‰es
Afů¦ixY wewf®² mgmÅvi mw† Ó¡ nq ˆhgb@ gvbyGli n`† GivM,
KÅv´Övi, e®¬ÅvZ½, Õ©vqx ˆcGU cxov, wKWwb ˆivM I Õ²vqy‹eKjÅ
cÉk²eÅvsK
Dîi msGKZmn cÉk² L wbGP cyi‚l I Õ¨x bvBGjvwUKvi gGaÅ cv^ÆKÅ ˆ`Iqv nGjv@
cÉk²41 cjvk ‰KRb mdj grmÅ Pvwl| 20 kZK cyi‚l bvBGjvwUKv Õ¨x bvBGjvwUKv
AvqZGbi ‰KwU cyKzGi bvBGjvwUKv gvGQi Pvl KGib| Zvi
ˆ`LvG`wL MÉvGgi AbÅ grmÅ Pvwl eKzj bvBGjvwUKv gvGQi Pvl 1. wbGPi cvLbv jÁ¼v| 1 wbGPi cvLbv ˆQvU|
c«¬wZ mÁ·GKÆ RvbGZ Pvb| cjvk ZLb eGj, bvBGjvwUKv Pvl
KiGZ nGj cyKzi cÉÕ§wZ Lye fvGjvfvGe mÁ·®² KiGZ nGe| 2. gyGLi ^Zy wb DcGii 2. gyGLi Dci-wbP mgvb|
w`GK wKQyUv DVvGbv
^vGK|
wkLbdj- 2 I 4 3. is Dä¾j| 3. is Abäy ¾j|
K. ‘wRqj ŠK’ bvGg AwfwnZ Kiv nq ˆKvb gvQGK? 1 4. mvaviYZ AvKvGi eo| 4. ˆewkifvM ˆÞGòB
L. cyi‚l I Õ¨x bvBGjvwUKvi gGaÅ cv^ÆKÅ ˆjGLv| 2 AvKvGi ˆQvU|
M. cjvGki cyKzGi cÉGqvRbxq mvGii cwigvY I cÉGqvM mcy vi wUcm&: cÉGqvM I DœPZi `ÞZvi cÉGk²i DîGii
c«¬wZ eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3 RGbÅ Abyi…c ˆh cGÉ k²i DîiwU Rvbv ^vKGZ nGe
N. cjvGki civgkÆwU gƒjÅvqb KGiv| 4 M 20 kZK AvqZGbi cyKzGi bvBGjvwUKv gvQ PvGl
cÉGqvRbxq mvGii cwigvY wbYÆq I cGÉ qvM c«¬wZ eÅvLÅv KGiv|
41 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
K bvBGjvwUKv gvQGK ‘wRqj ŠK’ bvGg AwfwnZ Kiv nq| N mwVKfvGe cyKzi cÉÕ§wZi ài‚Z½ gƒjÅvqb KGiv|
w«¼Zxq AaÅvq
ˆcvwÎŸÈ cvjb
mgw®¼Z AaÅvGqi cÉGk²vîi
cÉk² 1 ˆgvnwmb Zvi Rwg ˆ^GK avb KvUvi ci ռ͸ mgGqi w`GZ nGe| cwicÛ Õ¨x I cyi‚l gvQ nuvcvq gRyG`i ci 7 w`b
RbÅ `Ë‚Z eaÆbkxj gvQ Pvl KGi ^vGK| Zvi PvlK‡Z gvQwUGK A¯¦i A¯¦i Õ¨x gvGQi gyL cixÞv KGi wWg msMÉn KiGZ nq|
AGbGK ‘wRqj ŠK’ bvGg AwfwnZ KGi ^vGK| gvGQi h^vh^ wWg µÏvwÕ¡GKi ŠZwi BbwKDGekb RvGi ˆdvUvGbvi RbÅ ivLGZ
e†w«¬i RbÅ wZwb mÁ·ƒiK LvG`Åi cvkvcvwk nuvm-gyiwMi weÓ¤v nq| 3-4 w`Gbi gGaÅ ˆiYyGcvbv cÉÕ¹zwUZ nq| ‰ AeÕ©vq
eÅenvi KGib| cÉÕ¹zwUZ ˆiYy ˆcvbvGK cvwb fwZÆ nÅvwPs ˆUÇGZ (45 ˆmwg 30
1 I 2 AaÅvGqi mg®¼Gq ˆmwg 12 ˆmwg) Õ©vbv¯¦i KiGZ nq| wWÁ¼^wj wbtGkwlZ bv
nIqv ch¯Æ ¦ ˆiYy ˆcvbvàGjvGK nÅvwPs ˆUÇGZ ivLGZ nq|
K. wek¼ Lv`Å msÕ©v Abyhvqx gvGQi msæv `vI| 1
L. cyKzGi Pzb cÉGqvM Kiv nq ˆKb? 2 DcwiDÚ DcvGq bvBGjvwUKv gvGQi wWg msMÉn KGi ˆdvUvGbv nq|
M. ˆgvnwmGbi PvlK‡Z gvGQi nuvcv Õ©vcb KGi wWg
msMÉn ‰es wWg ˆdvUvGbvi c«¬wZ eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3 N ˆgvnwmb gvGQi h^vh^ e†w«¬i RbÅ mÁ·ƒiK LvG`Åi
N. Lv`Å cÉ`vGbi ˆÞGò ˆgvnwmGbi wm«¬v¯¦wU gƒjÅvqb cvkvcvwk nuvm-gyiwMi weÓ¤v eÅenvi KGib|
KGiv| 4
1 bs cÉGk²i Dîi AbÅvbÅ mKj gvGQi gZ bvBGjvwUKvi e†w«¬i RbÅ Lv`Å
Acwinvh|Æ
K wek¼ Lv`Å msÕ©vi gGZ, “gvQ Vvív iÚwewkÓ¡ RjR cÉvYx,
hv dzjKvi mvnvGhÅ k¼vm ˆbq|” gvQ PvGli ˆÞGò ‰KUv ài‚Z½cYƒ Æ welq nGjv ‰i Lv`Å
eÅeÕ©vcbv| gvQ Qvovi cGi wKQyw`Gbi gGaÅB gvQ H cyKzGii
L cyKzGi ˆcvbv Qvovi cƒGeÆ Pzb cÉGqvM Kiv nq| cyKzGii ZjG`k cÉvK‡wZK Lv`Å ˆLGq ˆdGj| ‰ RbÅ gvQGK cÉvK‡wZK LvG`Åi
÷Kbv AeÕ©vq kZvsk cÉwZ 1 ˆKwR nvGi Pzb w`GZ nq| cvkvcvwk mÁ·ƒiK Lv`ÅI w`GZ nq| gvGQi mÁ·ƒiK LvG`Åi
cyKzi cÉÕ§wZi wewf®² KgÆKvGíi gGaÅ ‰KwU nGjv Pzb cÉGqvM| Dcv`vbàGjvi gGaÅ iGqGQ wdmwgj, PvGji Kzuov, mwilvi ŠLj,
cyKzGii gvwU I cvwbi AÁÏZv `ƒi KGi pH mwVK gvòvq ivLv, wfUvwgb wgkÉY, wPUvào BZÅvw`|
cyKzi `ƒlYgyÚ Kiv, gvGQi ˆivM RxevYy I ciRxex a»sm Kiv,
cvwbGZ KÅvjwmqvGgi cwigvY e†w«¬mn cyKzGii mvweÆK eZÆgvGb nuvm I gvGQi mgw®¼Z Pvl KGi gvGQi Lv`Å wnGmGe
Drcv`b ÞgZv e†w«¬ Kivi jGÞÅ Pzb cÉGqvM Kiv nq| nuvm-gyiwMi weÓ¤v eÅenvi Kiv hvq| nuvm-gyiwMi weÓ¤vi 91%
bvBGUÇvGRb ‰es 0.38% dmGdU iGqGQ| ‰wU cyKzGi ŠRe
M ˆgvnwmGbi PvlK‡Z gvQwU wQj bvBGjvwUKv| mvi wnGmGe eÅenvi Kiv nq| nuvm-gyiwMi weÓ¤vq we`Ågvb
Dcv`vb cyKzGii cwiGek fvGjv KGi gvGQi Drcv`b e†w«¬GZ
bvBGjvwUKv gvGQi wWg msMÉGni ˆÞGò nuvcv Õ©vcGbi RbÅ mvnvhÅ KGi| ‰GZ KGi cKy zGi Avjv`v ˆKvb mvi cÉGqvGMi
cyKzGii AvqZb 50-60 kZK nGj fvGjv nq| ‰ AvqZGbi cÉGqvRb nq bv| ‰fvGe nuvm I gyiwM gvGQi LvgvGi f„wgKv
cyKzGi 20 wg. 4 wg 1 wg AvKvGii 8-10wU nuvcv Õ©vcb ivGL|
KiGZ nq| nuvcvi gGaÅ cÉwZ NbwgUvGi 140-200 MÉvg IRGbi DcGii AvGjvPbv nGZ ˆ`Lv hvq ˆh, ˆgvnwmGbi cyKzGi nuvm-
3wU Õ¨x I 1wU cyi‚l gvQ gRy` KiGZ nq| gRy` gvGQi ˆgvU gyiwMi weÓ¤v eÅenvi Kivi welqwU hywÚhÚy wQj|
IRGbi 3-10% nvGi 25% ˆcÉvwUbmg†«¬ Lv`Å mµ¦vGn 4-5 w`b
cixÞvq Kgb ˆcGZ AbbÅ cGÉ k²vîi K. cyGjU Kx? 1
cÉk²2 gywn` 10 eQi ˆmŒw` Avie ˆ^GK PvKwi KGi ˆ`Gk L. cÐvBgvD^ iK RvGZi giy wMi ŠewkÓ¡Å ˆjGLv| 2
‰Gm Õ©vqxfvGe evm Kivi wm«¬v¯¦ wbj| Õ©vbxq K‡wl
KgÆKZvÆ i civgGkÆ evwoGZ ˆm ‰KwU ˆKvGqj cvwLi Lvgvi M. DóxcGK AvGjvPÅ wk͸wUi cwiwa I ˆkÉwYKiY eYÆbv
w`j| ‰i cvkvcvwk ˆm wKQy ˆjqvi gyiwMI cvjGZ jvMj|
wKQyw`Gbi gGaÅ Zvi Lvgvi `ywU ˆek jvfRbK chÆvGq ˆcuŒGQ KGiv| 3
ˆMj| wkLbdj-1 I 2
N. evsjvG`Gki ˆcÉÞvcGU gywnG`i cvjbK‡Z cÉvYxàGjvi
cÉGqvRbxqZv weGkÐlY KGiv| 4
2 cvGéix m†Rbkxj K‡wlwkÞv w«¼Zxq cò ‰Kv`k-«¼v`k ˆkÉwY
2 bs cÉGk²i Dîi (ˆMvei-0.7%, weÓ¤v-4.2%)| gyiwMi cPvGbv weÓ¤v mvi
K ‰K eQGii Kg eqGmi Õ¨x gyiwMGK cyGjU eGj| wnGmGe RwgGZ eÅenvi KiGj ivmvqwbK mvGii cÉGqvRb Kg
L AvGgwiKvi cÐvBgvD^ AçGj Drcwî Abyhvqx cÐvBgvD^ nq weavq ‰GZ Pvwli Avw^ÆK mvkÉq nq| cvwLi cvjK, nvo,
iK gyiwMi bvgKiY Kiv nq| iÚ I bvwofzuwo cÉwKÌqvRvZ KGi cvwL I gvGQi Lv`Å wnGmGe
‰G`i ŠewkÓ¡Å nGjv@ eÅenvi Kiv hvq| cvjK w`Gq evwjk, Svo~ I ˆLjvi miévg
Pvgov njy`,KGbi jwZ jvj I SzuwU LuvR KvUv nq| eQGi ŠZwi nq| M†ncvwjZ cvwL AvGgv` I weGbv`Gbi RbÅI eÅen†Z
100-150wU wWg ˆ`q| wWGgi ˆLvmv ev`vwg ‰es gvsm Lye nq, ˆhgb: ˆgviGMi jovB| ‰QvovI M†ncvwjZ cvwL
weLÅvZ| cƒYÆeqÕ• ˆgviM ‰es gyiwMi IRb h^vKÌGg 4-4.5 cwiGeGki DwœQÓ¡ Lv`Å ˆLGq cwiGek D®q² Gb Ae`vb ivGL|
ˆKwR 3-3.5 ˆKwR nq|
M DóxcGK AvGjvPÅ wk͸wU nGjv ˆcvwÎŸÈ wk͸| ˆcvwÎŸÈ ejGZ DcGii AvGjvPbv nGZ ejv hvq ˆh, evsjvG`Gki ˆcÉÞvcGU
cvwLi H mgÕ¦ M†ncvwjZ cÉRvwZGK ˆevSvq hviv wWg I gvsm gywnG`i cvjbK‡Z cÉvYxàGjvi AGbK ài‚Z½ iGqGQ|
Drcv`b KGi gvbylGK Avw^ÆK w`K w`Gq mvnvhÅ KGi ‰es
gvbyGli Zî½veavGb ˆ^GK `Ë‚Z eske†w«¬ KGi| ˆhgb@ gyiwM, cÉk² 3 nwicyi MÉvGgi Kw‡ l KgÆKZÆv nvwg` Avjx MÉvGgi
ˆKvGqj|
‰B wk͸wUi cwiwa I ˆkÉwYKiY wbGgv³ Ú QGKi gvaÅGg ˆ`LvGbv K‡wlwelqK mfvq ivRnuvGmi `ywU RvZ UjyDm I AÅvÁ¼GWb ‰i
nGjv@
K^v ejGjb| wkLbdj-2
ˆcvwΟÈ
K. ˆKvb gyiwMi cƒeÆcyi‚l ‘ˆM-É wPUvMvs’ bvGg cwiwPZ? 1
L. nviwWs c«¬wZ ejGZ Kx ˆevS? 2
M. nvwg` Avjxi ewYÆZ RvZàGjvi DrcwîÕ©j I
ŠewkÓ¡Å eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3
gyiwM nvu m wewea cvwL N. nvwg` Avjxi DwÍÏwLZ nuvGmi ŠewkÓ¡Å cvwZnuvGmi
Zzjbvq wf®²Zi weGkÏlY KGiv| 4
3 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
eËqjvi ˆjqvi KeyZi ˆKvGqj wZwZi UvwKÆ K eËvngv RvGZi gyiwMi cƒeÆcyi‚l ‘ˆM-É wPUvMvs’ bvGg cwiwPZ|
‰QvovI ˆcvwΟÈi cwiwa M†ncvwjZ nuvm-gyiwM ˆ^GK KeZy i, L evo¯¦ I cƒYÆeqÕ• nuvm ‰KGò cvjGbi c«¬wZGK nviwWs
ˆKvGqj, wZwZi I UvwKÆ chƯ¦ weÕ¦‡Z| ˆcvwΟÈi ˆkÉwYKiGYi c«¬wZ eGj|
gGaÅ AvGQ ‰wfm ˆMvGòi cÉvq 40wU ˆRbvm ev MGYi AmsLÅ
cÉRvwZ| ZGe M†ncvwjZ cvwLi gGaÅ nuvm-gyiwM I KeZy i ‰ ‰B c«¬wZGZ nuvmàGjvGK ˆKvGbv NGi ivLv nq bv|
ˆ`Gk cÉvavbÅ weÕ¦vi KGi AvGQ| nuvmàGjvGK Pjgvb ivLv nq| cÉvK‡wZK Lvevi mÁw¼ jZ RvqMvq
N gywnG`i cvjbK‡Z cÉvYxàGjv nGjv ˆKvGqj I ˆjqvi gyiwM| mKvj chƯ¦ AvUGK ivLv nq| nuvmàGjv `jGeGu a mvivw`b NyGi
`yGUv cÉvYxB ˆcvwÎŸÈ wkG͸i A¯¦MÆZ ‰es ‰iv M†ncvwjZ cvwL| ˆeovq| m®¬Åvq ‰KwU LuvPvq ev AbÅ ˆKvbfvGe ˆKvb DuPz
evsjvG`Gki ˆcÉÞvcGU ‰G`i cÉGqvRbxqZv Acwimxg| Õ©vGb Ave«¬ KGi ivLv nq| ˆKvGbv wbw`ÆÓ¡ RvqMvq PGi
ˆKvGqj, gyiwM BZÅvw` M†ncvwjZ cvwL ˆ^GK gvbyGli LvIqvi ci AbÅò wbGq hvIqv nq| ‰B c«¬wZGZ wWg
cÉGqvRbxq cÉvwYR Lv`Å, ˆhgb@ gvsm I wWg cvIqv hvq| Drcv`Gbi nvi 45-48%|
cywÓ¡i Afve `ƒixKiY I myÕ¼vGÕ©Åi RbÅ wWg I gvsm LyeB
cÉGqvRbxq| M†ncvwjZ cvwL, ‰G`i gvsm ‰es wWg wewKÌ KGi M nvwg` Avjxi ewYÆZ ivRnvuGmi RvZ `ywU nGjv UjyDm
cwievGii Avq e†w«¬ Kiv hvq| DGjLÐ Å 2013-14 mvGj ivRnuvm, hvi Drcwî dÌvG´Ö ‰es AÅvÁ¼GWb ivRnuvm, hvi
Drcvw`Z ˆgvU wWg I gvsGmi cwigvY h^vKÌGg cÉvq 1016 Drcwî RvgÆvwbGZ|
ˆKvwU I 45 jÞ Ub| hv ˆ`Gki Afů¦ixY gvsm I wWGgi
Pvwn`v cƒiGY f„wgKv ˆiGLGQ| ˆ`Gki mveÆÞwYK cÉZÅÞ UjyDm RvGZi ivRnuvGmi ŠewkÓ¡Å wbÁ²i…c@
KgÆmsÕ©vGbi 21% ‰es 52% ˆjvGKi LíKvjxb KgÆmsÕ©vb
AvGm ‰B cÉvwYmÁ·` LvZ ˆ^GK| eZÆgvGb ‰wU wk͸ wnGmGe ‰iv gvsmj I eo AvKvGii| ˆ`n jÁ¼v I cÉkÕ¦, eyK DuPz| ˆjR
weGewPZ, hv ˆ`Gki wk͸ eÅeÕ©vcbvq eÅvcK Ae`vb ˆiGL LvGUv, gv^v eo, ˆVuvU gReyZ, Mjv jÁv¼ ‰es cv kÚ| cvjGKi
PGjGQ| evwYwRÅK wfwîGZ eo AvKvGii Lvgvi KGi I is Mvp I nvjKv aƒmGii wgkÉY ^vGK| cƒYeÆ qÕ• nuvmv I nuvmxi
eÅemvqxiv AwaK jvfevb nGœQb| IRb h^vKÌGg 11 I 9 ˆKwR|
nuvm-gyiwMi weÓ¤v AZů¦ D®²ZgvGbi ŠRe mvi| ˆMvei mvGii
Zzjbvq ‰ mvGi bvBGUÇvGRGbi cwigvY cÉvq 6 àY ˆewk AÅvÁ¼GWb RvGZi ivRnuvGmi ŠewkÓ¡Å wbÁ²i…c@
‰G`i ˆ`n cÉkÕ¦, gv^v jÁ¼v I ˆmvRv, ˆVuvU Kgjv ‰es ˆPvL
nvjKv bxj nq| cv Lye LvGUv, cvjK kÚ I mv`v iGOi| cv I
cvGqi cvZv Kgjv iGOi| cÉvµ¦eqÕ• nuvmv I nuvmxi IRb
h^vKÌGg 14 I 9.5 ˆKwR|
ˆcvwÎŸÈ cvjb 3
N nvwg` Avjx nwicyi MÉvGgi K‡wlwelqK mfvq ivRnuvGmi eÅemvwqK DGóGkÅ 100 ev Zvi ˆewk msLÅK ˆcvwÎŸÈ cvjb
K^v DGÍÏL KGib, hvi ŠewkÓ¡Å cvwZnuvGmi Zzjbvq wf®²Zi| evwYwRÅK ˆcvwÎŸÈ wnGmGe MYÅ nGe| ‰me ˆcvwΟÈGK AvaywbK
evsjvG`Gk cvwjZ kZKiv 95 fvM nuvm ˆ`wk RvGZi| ‰G`i weævb I cÉhywÚGK KvGR jvwMGq cvjb Kiv nq| ‰G`i «¼viv
ˆivM cÉwZGiva ÞgZv ˆewk| ‰àGjv gvsm I wWg Drcv`Gbi m†Ó¡ LvgviGK myÓ¤z cwiK͸bv, weævbmÁÃZ eÅeÕ©vcbv I mwVK
RbÅ cvjb Kiv nGq ^vGK| wK¯§ ivRnuvm evsjvG`Gk ˆZgb cwiPvjbvi gvaÅGg jvfRbK Kiv nq|
RbwcÉq bq| evwYwRÅKwfwîGZ ‰G`Gk ivRnuvm ˆcvlv nq bv|
ZGe AGbGK kL KGi cyGl ^vGKb| M ˆgvt Aveyj KvGmGgi ˆcvwÎŸÈ dvgÆwU wQj gyiwM wWg
Drcv`b Lvgvi|
wbGP ivRnuvm I cvwZnuvGmi gGaÅ cv^ÆKÅ weGkÏlY Kiv nGjv:
ŠeævwbK eÅeÕ©vcbvi wfwîGZ ˆmLvGb KvgÅ msLÅK ˆcvwΟÈi
cvwZnuvm ivRnuvm evmÕ©vb, Lv`Å mieivn, ŠRe wbivcîv, wPwKrmv, Drcvw`Z cYÅ
weKÌq, Avq-eÅGqi wnmve ivLv nq ZvGK ˆcvwÎŸÈ Lvgvi eGj|
1. AvK‡wZGZ ˆQvU AvKvGii 1. AvK‡wZGZ eo AvKvGii Drcv`Gbi DGóGkÅi wfwîGZ ˆcvwÎŸÈ Lvgvi wewf®² aiGbi nGq
nq| nq| ^vGK| h^v (K) wWg Drcv`b Lvgvi (L) gvsm Drcv`b ev
eqË jvi Lvgvi (M) evœPv Drcv`b Lvgvi (N) cÉRbb ev weËWvi
2. Mjv ZzjbvgƒjKfvGe 2. Mjv ZzjbvgƒjKfvGe jÁ¼v Lvgvi (O) nuvm-gyiwM gvQ mgw®¼Z Lvgvi| ˆhGnZz ˆgvt Aveyj
KvGmGgi LvgvGi cÉwZw`b cÉPzi wWg Drcv`b nq ˆmGnZz Zvi
LvGUv I wbPz| I DuPz| LvgviwU nGe wWg Drcv`b Lvgvi| ˆjqvi LvgvGi evœPv DVvGbvi
20-21 mµ¦vn ci gyiwM 1g wWg cvGo ‰es ‰K ˆ^GK ˆ`o eQi
3. nuvmcÉwZ RvqMv Kg 3. nuvmcÉwZ RvqMv ˆewk ch¯Æ ¦ wWg ˆ`q| ZvB jvfRbKfvGe gyiwMi Lvgvi cwiPvjbvq
wewf®² cwiK͸bv I evÕ¦evqb Kiv nq| gƒjaGbi cwigvY I
jvGM| jvGM| Drm, Õ©vb wbeÆvPb I Rwg eÅeÕ©vcbv, evmÕ©vb wbgÆvY I
LvgvGii AvKvi D®²Z RvGZi nvBweËW evœPv wbeÆvPb, mylg Lv`Å
4. eQGi cÉvq 300wU wWg 4. eQGi `y’`dvq 8-10wU mieivn, we÷«¬ cvwb mieivn, we`yÅr eÅeÕ©v, ŠRe wbivcîv
myweav, wPwKrmv eÅeÕ©v, kÉwgK cÉvcÅZv, Avq eÅGqi wnmve ivLv
w`GZ cvGi| KGi ˆgvU 16-20wU KvwiMwi ævb| ‰ mKj welGq ŠeævwbK eÅeÕ©v ivLGZ nGe|
DwÍÏwLZ AvGjvPbvi gvaÅGg Rvbv hvq, Aveyj KvGmGgi ˆcvwΟÈ
wWg w`GZ cvGi| dvgÆwU wQj wWg Drcv`b Lvgvi|
5. wWg AvKvGi ˆQvU nq 5. wWg AvKvGi eo nq
(50-60 MÉvg)| (66-150 MÉvg)|
6. `Ë‚Z PjvGdiv KiGZ 6. axGi PjvGdiv KGi|
cvGi|
7. cÉwZwUi Mo IRb 2.5- 7. cÉwZwUi Mo IRb 10-
3 ˆKwR nGZ cvGi| 14 ˆKwR nGZ cvGi|
AZ‰e DwÍÏwLZ ŠewkGÓ¡Åi ˆcÉwÞGZ ejv hvq, nvwg` Avjxi
ivRnuvGmi ŠewkÓ¡Å cvwZnuvGmi Zzjbvq wf®²Zi|
cÉk² 4 ˆgvt Aveyj KvGmg hey D®²qb ˆK±`Ê ˆ^GK ˆcvwÎŸÈ N DóxcGKi ˆgvt Aveyj KvGmGgi Õ©vwcZ gyiwMi LvgviwU
dvGgÆi Ici gvSvwi aiGbi ‰KwU cÉwkÞY MÉnGYi ci gyiwMi wQj wWg Drcv`b Lvgvi|
Lvgvi KGib| wZwb myÕ© eÅeÕ©vcbvq Lvgvi cwiPvjbv KGib ˆh Lvgvi evwYwRÅKfvGe wWg Drcv`Gbi RbÅ Õ©vcb Kiv nq
‰es Zvi LvgvGi cÉwZw`b cÉPzi wWg Drcv`b nq| wZwb ZvB wWg Drcv`b Lvgvi|
jvfRbKfvGe Lvgvi cwiPvjbv KiGQb ‰es ci ci LvgvGii
wWg Drcv`bKvix gyiwMi LvgvGii AGbK A^Æ‹bwZK ài‚Z½
AvqZb e†w«¬ cvGœQ| wkLbdj-2 I 3 iGqGQ| ˆcvwΟÈi wWg Drcv`b KGi AGbK ˆjvK Avq DcvRÆb
KiGQ| RvZxq AvGqi ‰K weivU Ask ˆcvwÎŸÈ ˆ^GK AvGm|
K. ˆcvwÎŸÈ Kx? 1 ˆ`Gk eZÆgvGb eü ˆcvwÎŸÈ Lvgvi MGo DGVGQ| AGbK wkwÞZ
ˆeKvi hey K-hey wZiv ˆcvwÎŸÈ cvjGbi gvaÅGg Avq DcvRÆb
L. evwYwRÅK ˆcvwÎŸÈ ejGZ Kx ˆevSvq? 2 KiGQ| hvi dGj KgÆmsÕ©vb nGœQ ‰es ˆeKviZ½ nËvm cvGœQ|
ˆcvwÎŸÈ ˆ^GK cÉvµ¦ gvsm I wWg ‰Kw`GK ˆhgb gvbyGli AZů¦
M. DóxcGK DwÍÏwLZ Aveyj KvGmGgi ˆcvwÎŸÈ dvgwÆ U cQ±`bxq Lv`Å AbÅw`GK ‰iv DœP cywÓ¡àYmÁ·®² AvwgGli Drm
wnGmGe KvR KGi| gyiwMi cvjK ˆ^GK evGqvwWGRj ŠZwii
ˆKvb aiGbi? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3
N. DóxcGK DwÍÏwLZ Aveyj KvGmGgi Õ©vwcZ dvGgÆi
A^Æ‹bwZK ài‚Z½ weGkÏlY KGiv| 4
4 bs cÉGki² Dîi
K ˆhme cvwL gvbyGli Zî½veavGb jvwjZ cvwjZ nGq ˆcvl cÉwKÌqv PjGQ| ˆcvwΟÈi weÓ¤v DrK‡Ó¡ ŠRe mvi hv RwgGZ I
gvGb, eskweÕ¦vi KGi ‰es A^Æ‹bwZKfvGe gvbyGli DcKvGi cyKzGi cÉGqvM Kiv nq ‰es evGqvMÅvm ŠZwi KGi iv®²vev®²v,
R¾vjvwb I we`yÅr Drcv`b Kiv nq| ˆ`Gki AvwgGli Pvwn`v
AvGm ˆmàGjvGK ˆcvwÎŸÈ eGj|
cƒiY, Lv`Å, A^Æ‹bwZK, KgÆmsÕ©vb I gvbeRvwZi Av^Æ
L evwYwRÅK ˆcvwÎŸÈ ejGZ eÅemvi DGóGkÅ mÁ·ƒYÆ Ave«¬ mvgvwRK D®q² Gb ˆcvwΟÈi ài‚Z½ Acwimxg| ˆgvt Aveyj
AeÕ©vq ˆgGSGZ A^ev LuvPvq cÉwZcvwjZ AwaK Drcv`bkxj KvGmGgi LvgvGii AvGqi gGaÅ iGqGQ wWg wewKÌ eve` Avq,
(wWg I gvsm) evwYwRÅK cÉRvwZi ˆcvwΟÈGK ˆevSvq|
4 cvGéix m†Rbkxj K‡wlwkÞv w«¼Zxq cò ‰Kv`k-«¼v`k ˆkÉwY
Drcv`b ˆkGl gyiwMi wewKÌZ gƒjÅ, weÓ¤v ev wjUvi ev mvGii N wPGò ‘X’ «¼viv ˆcvwΟÈGK ˆevSvGbv nGqGQ|
gƒjÅ cyiGbv ev AGKGRv wRwbmcò wewKÌ eve` Avq BZÅvw`| ˆcvwÎŸÈ wk͸ ‰KwU mÁ¿vebvgq K‡wl LvZ, KgÆmsÕ©vb m†wÓ¡ I
ˆivRMvGii Drm| bvbvwea cÉwZK„jZv I mÁ·G`i mxgve«¬Zv
wWg Drcv`b Lvgvi Õ©vcb KGi ˆgvt Aveyj KvGmg ‰Kw`GK ^vKvq AvgvG`i ˆcvwÎŸÈ wk͸ hG^Ó¡ D®²Z nGZ cvGiwb hw`I ‰
ˆhgb wbGR Avw^ÆKfvGe jvfevb nGœQb ˆZgwb ˆ`Gki LvGZ mÁ¿vebv cÉPzi| KvhKÆ ix c`GÞc MÉnY KiGZ cvGi|
A^ÆbxwZGZI eÅvcK f„wgKv ivLGQb|
ˆmàGjv nGjv
cÉk² 5 wbGPi QKwU jÞ KGiv ‰es cÉk²àGjvi Dîi `vI: 1. ˆcvwÎŸÈ cvjb I Õ¼vÕ©ÅmÁÃZ iÞYvGeÞGYi jGÞÅ c÷mÁ·`
gvsm Drcv`bKvix
Awa`µ¦Gii wewf®² mÁ·ÉmviY KvhKÆ Ìg MnÉ Y KGiGQ|
X wWg Drcv`bKvix ‰wkqvwUK ˆcvwÎŸÈ 2. ˆQvU, eo AGbK DG`ÅvÚv ˆcvwÎŸÈ Lvgvi Õ©vcGb ‰wMGq
ˆmŒ±`hÆeaÆK M AvmGQb|
3. ˆcvwÎŸÈ cvjb, Lvgvi Õ©vcb I cwiPvjbv welGq ˆeKvi
B wkLbdj-2 I 3
hyemgvR I Mw† nYxG`i Drmvn ˆ`Iqv nGœQ|
K. ˆKvwPb Kx? 1 4. hye D®²qb Awa`µ¦i I gwnjv welqK g¯¨YvjGq ˆcvwΟÈ
L. AwaK wWg Drcv`bKvix RvZàGjv AvKvGi ˆQvU nq cvjb mÁ·wKÆZ wewf®² cÉwkÞY KvhKÆ Ìg ˆRvi`vi Kiv
nGœQ|
ˆKb? 2 5. ˆcvwΟÈi Lv`Å Drcv`b KviLvbv MGo ZzGj LvG`Åi
mnRjfÅZv I gvb e†w«¬ Kiv nGœQ|
M. 'M' wPwn×Z ‰KwU nuvGmi RvGZi kbvÚKvix ŠewkÓ¡Å 6. cÉwkÞYcÉvµ¦ hye mgvR I M†wnbxG`i mnR kGZÆ FY cÉ`vb
Kiv nGqGQ|
eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3 7. D®²Z RvGZi evœPv myjf gGƒ jÅ mieivGni eÅeÕ©v ˆbIqv
nGqGQ|
N. 'X' evsjvG`Gki ‰K mÁ¿vebvgq ˆÞò weGkÏlY 8. cÉGqvRbxq Ilay I wUKv ˆ`Gk Drcv`Gbi DG`ÅvM ‰es
mgqgGZv cÉ`vGbi eÅeÕ©v ˆbIqv nGqGQ|
KGiv| 4 9. cwienb I evRviRvZKiY eÅeÕ©v D®²qGbi ˆPÓ¡v PjGQ|
10. MGelYv KvhKÆ Ìg cwiPvjbvq c†Ó¤GcvlKZv evovGbv nGqGQ|
5 bs cÉGk²i Dîi 11. LvgvwiG`i Drmvn cÉ`vGb ˆcvwÎŸÈ wk͸ DcGhvMx exgv
cwjwm Pvjy Kiv nGqGQ|
K ˆKvwPb nGjv gvsm Drcv`Gbi weLÅvZ ‰KwU gyiwMi RvZ 12. evsjvG`k miKvi ˆcvwÎŸÈ wk͸GK KgÆgyLx I iµ¦vwbi
hvG`i DrcwîÕ©j PxGbi mvsnvB AçGj| A mÁ¿ebvgq LvZ wnGmGe cÉwZwÓ¤Z KiGZ BGZvgGaÅB wewf®²
KgÆmƒwP evÕ¦evqb Kiv ÷i‚ KGiGQ|
L AwaK wWg Drcv`Gbi DGóGkÅ cvwjZ evwYwRÅK ˆcvwΟÈGK
wWg Drcv`bKvix RvZ ejv nq| A ZvB ejv hvq, ˆcvwÎŸÈ evsjvG`Gki ‰K mÁ¿vebvgq ˆÞò|
gvsm Drcv`bKvix RvGZi Zzjbvq wWg Drcv`bKvix RvGZi cÉk² 6 ˆmvnvMcyi MÉvGgi ˆPqvigÅvb mvGne ‰jvKvi ˆeKvi
ˆcvwΟÈi IRb ZzjbvgƒjKfvGe Kg nq| gvsm Drcv`bKvix
RvGZi ˆÞGò 1 ˆKwR ˆ`Gni IRb e†w«¬ KiGZ ˆ`o ˆKwR hyeKG`i KgÆmsÕ©vGbi jGÞÅ ˆcvwÎŸÈ cvjGbi wm«¬v¯¦ wbGjb|
Lvevi LvIqvGZ nq| AbÅw`GK wWg Drcv`bKvix RvGZi ˆÞGò
MGo cÉvq ˆmvqv 2 ˆKwR Lvevi LvBGq 1 ˆKwR wWg Drcv`b ‰ DGókÅ evÕ¦evqGbi RbÅ ˆeKvi hyeKG`i wbGq wZwb ˆjqvi
Kiv hvq| dGj mieivnK‡Z Lvevi wWg Drcv`Gb eÅen†Z nq|
dGj wWg Drcv`bKvix RvGZi ˆcvwΟÈi MvGq PweÆ Rgvi myGhvM
cvq bv| wWg Drcv`b evovi mvG^ mvG^ LvG`Åi mwVK eÅenvi
nq ‰es 40 mµ¦vn eqGmi ci ˆcvwΟÈi IRb e†w«¬ wÕ©wZkxj
nq|
M DóxcGK M «¼viv ˆmŒ±`hÆeaÆK RvZGK wbG`Æk Kiv nGqGQ| A gyiwMi Lvgvi Õ©vcb KiGjb| ‰ aiGbi gnr cwiK͸bvq
eÐ~-myBwWm nGjv ˆmŒ±`hÆeaÆK ‰KwU nuvGmi RvZ| ‰G`i ‰Lb ˆmvnvMcyi MÉvGgi mevB Õ¼vejÁ¼x| A wkLbdj-2 I 6
kbvÚKvix ŠewkÓ¡Å nGjv K. wjUvi Kx? 1
i. ‰G`i ˆ`n gvSvwi AvKvGii|
ii. ‰G`i gv^v gvSvwi AvKvGii I Dce†îvKvi| L. Lvgvi Õ©vcGbi gƒj welq nGœQ cwiK͸bv ˆKb? 2
iii. cvjK bxj eGYÆi hv AMÉfvGM Mvp nq|
iv. ‰iv Lye kv¯¦ cÉK‡wZi| M. DóxcGK DwÍÏwLZ Lvgvi Õ©vcGbi weGePÅ welq
v. nuvmvi IRb 3-4 ˆKwR ‰es nuvmxi IRb 2.5-3.5 ˆKwR
AvGjvPbv KGiv| 3
nGZ cvGi|
vi. ‰iv eQGi cÉvq 100wU wWg ˆ`q, wWGgi IRb cÉvq 80- N. DóxcGK DwÍÏwLZ Lvgvi Õ©vcGbi gvaÅGg ‰jvKvi
90 MÉvg| Zi‚Yiv Õ¼vejÁ¼x nGqGQ weGkÏlY KGiv| 4
6 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
K Zzl, KvGVi àou v, QvB, evwj, LGoi UzKiv BZÅvw` NGii
ˆgGSGZ wewQGq gyiwMi RbÅ ˆh weQvbv ŠZwi Kiv nq ZvGK
wjUvi eGj| A
ˆcvwÎŸÈ cvjb 5
L Lvgvi Õ©vcGbi RbÅ cwiK͸bv cÉYqb ‰KwU AZů¦ gvsm I wWg ‰Kw`GK ˆhgb gvbyGli AZů¦ cQ±`bxq Lv`Å
ài‚Zc½ ƒYÆ welq| ˆKvb aiGbi Lvgvi KiGZ BœQzK cÉ^GgB ˆm AbÅw`GK ‰iv DœP cywÓ¡àYmÁ·®² AvwgGli Drm wnGmGe KvR
welGq wm«¬v¯¦ wbGq h^vh^ cwiK͸bv MÉnY Kiv DwPZ| ‰ KGi| gyiwMi cvjK ˆ^GK evGqvwWGRj ŠZwii cÉwKÌqv PjGQ|
eÅvcvGi LvgvGii AvKvi, AvqZb, Drcv`Gbi jÞÅgvòv, ˆcvwΟÈi weÓ¤v DrK‡Ó¡ ŠRe mvi hv RwgGZ I cyKzGi cÉGqvM Kiv
Drcv`Gbi aib cÉf‡wZ welGq jÞÅ ˆiGL gƒjab wewbGqvGMi nq ‰es evGqvMÅvm ŠZwi KGi iv®²vev®²v, R¾vjvwb I we`yÅr
wm«¬v¯¦ MÉnY KiGZ nq| Drcv`b Kiv nq| ˆ`Gki AvwgGli Pvwn`v cƒiY, Lv`Å,
A^Æ‹bwZK, KgÆmsÕ©vb I gvbeRvwZi Av^-Æ mvgvwRK D®²qGb
Lvgvi Õ©vcGbi gƒj DGókÅ nGjv Avw^ÆKfvGe jvfevb nIqv ˆcvwΟÈi ài‚Z½ Acwimxg| ˆjqvi gyiwMi LvgvGii AvGqi gGaÅ
Avi ‰ RbÅ myÓ¤z cwiK͸bv AZů¦ ài‚Z½cƒY|Æ Lvgvi Õ©vcGbi iGqGQ- wWg wewKÌ eve` Avq, Drcv`b ˆkGl gyiwMi wewKÌZ
cƒGeÆB mywPw¯¦Z mvweÆK cwiK͸bv MÉnY KGi Lvgvi eÅeÕ©vcbv gƒjÅ, weÓ¤v ev wjUvi ev mvGii gƒjÅ, cyiGbv ev AGKGRv
KiGj jvfevb nIqv mÁ¿e| ‰RbÅB Lvgvi Õ©vcGbi gƒj welq wRwbmcò wewKÌ eve` Avq BZÅvw`|
nGjv cwiK͸bv| A
‰fvGe myÓ¤z cwiK͸bvi gvaÅGg ˆjqvi gyiwMi ev wWg Drcv`b
M ˆmvnvMcyi MÉvGgi ˆPqvigÅvb ‰jvKvi ˆeKvi hey KG`i Lvgvi Õ©vcb KGi ˆmvnvMcyi MÉvGgi ˆeKvi Zi‚GYiv mvejÁx¼
wbGq Lvgvi թvcGbi cwiK͸bv KGib| nGqGQ| A
ˆcvwÎŸÈ Lvgvi AbÅ ˆh ˆKvGbv LvgvGii ˆPGq Õ·kÆKvZi nIqvq
h^vh^ cwiK͸bv I myÓ¤z eÅeÕ©vcbvi Ici LvgvGii jvf- cÉk² 7 Rwgjv ˆeMg 100wU eËqjvi gyiwM cvjGbi RbÅ
ˆjvKmvb wbfÆi KGi| Lvgvi Õ©vcGbi RbÅ ebÅvgyÚ DuPz
‰jvKv, ˆLvjvGgjv, AvGjv evZvmcƒYÆ, ˆhvMvGhvM eÅeÕ©v ‰KwU Lvgvi cwiK͸bv KiGjb ‰es eËqjvi gyiwM cvjb KGi
fvGjv, we`yÅr, cvwb I kÉwgGKi cÉvcÅZv AvGQ ‰gb Õ©vb
wbeÆvPb KiGZ nGe| Lvgvi Õ©vcGbi RbÅ cÉGqvRbxq gƒjaGbi wZwb MÉvGgi ‰KRb Õ¼vejÁx¼ bvix wnGmGe cwiwPwZ jvf
ˆhvMvb KiGZ nGe| cƒe-Æ cwøGg jÁv¼ KGi `wÞYgyLx KGi
evmÕ©vb wbgÆvY KiGZ nGe| nuvm-gyiwM cvjGb msKÌvgK KiGjb| A wkLbdj-2 I 13
ˆivGMi weÕ¦vi ˆivGa ŠRe wbivcîv welqK Z^Å-Dcvî mÁ·GKÆ
RvbGZ nGe| meÆ`v LvgvGii nuvm-gyiwMi myÕ¼vÕ©Å wbwøZ K. eË‚Wvi nvDm Kx? 1
KiGZ nGe| LvgvGii Afů¦i cwiGek h^vmÁ¿e Õ¼vÕ©ÅmÁÃZ
I RxevYygyÚ ivLGZ nGe| LvgvGi cÉGeGki ˆÞGò mGeÆvœP L. eËqjvi RvZàGjv A͸ mgGq AwaK Lv`Å ˆLGq ˆewk
cÉwZGiva eÅeÕ©v wnGmGe RxevYybvkK KvhÆKÌg cvjb KiGZ
nGe| wbfÆiGhvMÅ cÉwZÓ¤vb ˆ^GK gyiwMi eqm AbymvGi UvUKv gvsm Drcv`b KGi eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2
Lv`Å mieivn KiGZ nGe| cvwbi cvGò me mgq we÷«¬ cvwb
ivLGZ nGe| evRvi ˆ^GK evœPv, Lv`Å, h¯¨cvwZ BZÅvw` ˆbIqv M. Rwgjv ˆeMg gyiwMàGjvi RbÅ cÉwZw`b ˆh Lv`Å
‰es Lvgvi ˆ^GK wWg, gyiwM BZÅvw` ˆbIqvi RbÅ moK I
hvbevnb mnRjfÅ nGZ nGe| w`GZb Zvi ZvwjKv ŠZwi KGiv| 3
DcGii cwiK͸bv myÓ¤zfvGe evÕ¦evqGbi gvaÅGg LvgviGK N. DóxcGK Rwgjv ˆeMGgi Õ¼vejÁ¼x nIqvi KviY
jvfRbK Kiv hvq| A
gƒjÅvqb KGiv| 4
N DóxcGK DwÍÏwLZ LvgviwU wQj ˆjqvi gyiwMi A^Ævr wWg
Drcv`b Lvgvi| 7 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
ˆh Lvgvi evwYwRÅKfvGe wWg Drcv`Gbi RbÅ Õ©vcb Kiv nq K eË‚Wvi nvDR ‰gb ‰K aiGbi Ni ˆhLvGb K‡wògfvGe Zvc
ZvGK wWg Drcv`b Lvgvi eGj| wWGgi eÅenvi Abyhvqx ˆjqvi I AbÅvbÅ mvweÆK eÅeÕ©vcbv cÉ`vb KGi ˆcvwΟÈi evœPvGK
gyiwMi Lvgvi `y’cÉKvi| h^v- wbwlÚ ev evœPv dzUvGbvi wWg cvjb Kiv nq| A
Drcv`b Lvgvi I AwbwlÚ ev Lvevi wWg Drcv`b Lvgvi|
L evwYwRÅK wfwîGZ AwaK gvsm Drcv`Gbi RbÅ eËqjvi
ˆjqvi gyiwMi LvgvGii AGbK A^Æ‹bwZK ài‚Z½ iGqGQ| cvjb Kiv nq| eËqjvGii RbÅ ‰gb RvZ wbeÆvPb Kiv nq ˆh
ˆcvwΟÈi wWg Drcv`b KGi AGbK ˆjvK Avq DcvRÆb KiGQ| RvGZi gyiwM Lv`Å ˆcGj Lye `Ë‚Z evGo| eËqjvi gyiwM AGbK
RvZxq AvGqi ‰K weivU Ask ˆcvwÎŸÈ ˆ^GK AvGm| ˆ`Gk ˆewk Lv`Å Lvq ‰es 30-35 w`Gbi gGaÅ ˆ`o ˆ^GK `yB ˆKwR
eZÆgvGb ˆcvwÎŸÈ Lvgvi MGo DGVGQ| AGbK wkwÞZ ˆeKvi IRb cÉvµ¦ nGZ cvGi| ‰ mgq eËqjvi gyiwM cÉwZ ‰K ˆKwR
hyeK-hey wZiv ˆcvwΟÈi gvaÅGg Avq DcvRÆb KiGQ hvi dGj IRGbi RbÅ cÉvq ˆ`o ˆKwR cwigvY Lvevi Lvq| A
KgÆmsÕ©vb nGœQ ‰es ˆeKviZ½ nËvm nGœQ| ˆcvwÎŸÈ ˆ^GK cÉvµ¦
M Rwgjv ˆeMGgi 100wU eËqjvi gyiwM AvGQ| 100wU eËqjvi
gyiwMi RbÅ Rwgjv ˆeMg ˆh Lv`Å w`GZb wbGP Zvi ZvwjKv
wbYÆq Kiv nGjv B
100wU eËqjvi gyiwMi Š`wbK Lv`Å I cvwb cÉ`vGbi cwigvGYi QK|
eqm Š`wbK LvG`Åi Š`wbK cvwbi
(mµ¦vn) cwigvY (ˆKwR) cwigvY (wjUvi)
1g 1.00 2.3
2q 2.30 5.5
3q 3.9 9.1
4^Æ 5.3 12.7
6 cvGéix m†Rbkxj K‡wlwkÞv w«¼Zxq cò ‰Kv`k-«¼v`k ˆkÉwY
eqm Š`wbK LvG`Åi Š`wbK cvwbi L wWg dzUvGbvi gyiwM evQvB Kivi mgq wKQy welq ˆLqvj
(mµ¦vn) cwigvY (ˆKwR) cwigvY (wjUvi) ivLGZ nq| gyiwMi eqm ‰K eQGii ˆewk nGj fvGjv nq|
5g 6.5 16.0 gyiwM kv¯¦ Õ¼fvGei, AvKvGi eo ‰es ˆewk cvjKhyÚ nGZ
6Ó¤ 8.3 20.0 nGe| gyiwM myÕ© I mej nGZ nGe| gyiwM wVKgGZv KuyGP
chÆvGqi nGZ nGe| AvgvG`i ˆ`wk gyiwM KuyGP wnGmGe ˆewk
7g 9.3 22.5 DcGhvMx|
8g 10.8 26.0
KuyGP gyiwMi Ici wWg dzUvi nvi wbfÆi KGi| gyiwM ‰me
gyiwMi mylg Lv`Å wnGmGe wZwb kZKiv 45-60% Mg ev f„ëv ŠewkGÓ¡Åi nGj wWg dzUvi nvi evGo| ‰RbÅB wWg dzUvGZ KzuGP
fvãv, 25-35% PvGji ev MGgi f„wm, 10-20% mwilv/ gyiwM evQvB Ri‚ix|
wZj/ mqvweb/ Pxbv ev`vGgi ŠLj, 8-15% ÷uUwK àuov, 2.5-
9% wSbyK P„Y/Æ Pzbvcv^i fvãv/ nvGoi àuov, 0.5% jeY I M K‡wl wkÞGKi cÉ`wkÆZ KeyZGii RvZàGjv nGjv UvÁ¼jvi I
0.25% LwbR wgkÉY ˆ`b| ˆjvUb|
N Rwgjv ˆeMg cwiKw͸ZfvGe eËqjvi gyiwM cvjb KGi UvÁ¼jvi RvGZi KeZy i AvKvGk wWMevwR Lvq eGj ‰G`iGK
‰KRb Õ¼vejÁx¼ bvix wnGmGe cwiwPZ jvf KGib| UvÁ¼jvi eGj| AvgvG`i ˆ`Gk ‰ RvZwU ‘wMwievR’ bvGg
cwiwPZ| ‰G`i Drcwî mÁ·GKÆ mwVK Rvbv hvq bv| ZGe
evsjvG`Gki gGZv Rbeüj ˆ`Gk KgÆmsÕ©vb m†wÓ¡GZ gyiwM cvK-fviZ DcgnvG`Gk 1590 wLËÕ¡vGõi cƒeÆ ˆ^GK ‰ RvZwU
cvjb ài‚Z½cYƒ Æ f„wgKv ivLGQ| gyiwM cvjbGK cÉvw¯¦K K‡lK I AvGQ eGj Rvbv hvq| ‰iv DoGZ DoGZ AvKvGki MfxGi cÉvq
`yÕ© bvixiv ZvG`i AvñKgÆmsÕ©vGbi ‰KwU mnR c^ wnGmGe nvwiGq hvq| wK¯§ h^vmgGq Avevi wdGi AvGm| ‰iv kƒGbÅi
ˆeGQ wbGqGQb| Rwgjv ˆeMg eËqjvi gyiwM cvjb KGib| Dci wWMevwR Lvq| gGbviéGbi RbÅ AvgvG`i ˆ`Gk ‰G`i
AvgvG`i cÉGqvRbxq AvwgGli cÉvq 43% AvGm ˆcvwÎŸÈ ˆ^GK| hG^Ó¡ K`i iGqGQ| ZGe agÆxq wewawbGlGai RbÅ gymjgvb
eËqjvi gyiwM gvsm Drcv`Gbi RbÅ cvjb Kiv nq| ZvB agÆvejÁ¼xiv ‰ RvGZi KeZy i Lvq bv| ˆjvUb KeyZiGK ˆivwjs
AvwgGli Afve cƒiGY ‰i ài‚Z½ I Pvwn`v AvGQ| ‰RbÅ eËqjvi KeyZiI ejv nq| ˆ`Gk-weG`Gki KweG`i Qov I KweZvq ‰B
cvjb KiGj A͸ mgGq AwaK jvfevb nIqv hvq| Rwgjv KeyZi wbR àGY Õ©vb ˆcGqGQ| ˆjvUb KeyZi gvwUi Dci
ˆeMg Lvgvi Õ©vcGbi cƒGeÆB mywPw¯¦Z mvweÆK cwiK͸bv MÉnY wWMevwR ˆLGq `kÆKG`i gGbviéb KGi| cÉavbZ mv`v eGYÆi
KGi Lvgvi eÅeÕ©vcbv KGiwQGjb hvi KviGY Zvi LvgvGi ‰B KeyZGii NyivGbv SuywU iGqGQ| ‰G`i ˆPvL Mvp wcãj
ˆKvGbv ÞwZ nqwb| eGYÆi ‰es cv ˆjvghyÚ|
‰fvGeB Rwgjv ˆeMg jvfRbK Lvgvi cwiPvjbvi gvaÅGg DwÍÏwLZ ŠewkGÓ¡Åi AvGjvGK KeyZGii UvÁ¼jvi I ˆjvUb RvZ
‰KRb Õ¼vejÁx¼ bvix wnGmGe cwiwPZ nb| A mÁ·GKÆ Rvbv hvq|
cÉk² 8 N K‡wl wkÞK KÑvGm UvÁ¼jvi I ˆjvUb RvGZi KeZy Gii wPò
ˆ`wLGq ejGjb ‰ RvGZi KeZy i gvsm Drcv`Gbi cvkvcvwk
wPò: UvÁ¼jvi KeyZi wPò: ˆjvUb AvGiv AGbK f„wgKv cvjb KGi|
K‡wl wkÞK eÅenvwiK KÑvGm KeyZGii `ywU RvGZi wPò ‰KGRvov KeZy i nGZ eQGi 10-12 ˆRvov evœPv cvIqv hvq|
4 mµ¦vGni evœPv LvIqvi DcGhvMx nq| ‰G`i cvjGb Kg
ˆ`LvGjb| wZwb ejGjb, ‰ RvZàGjvi gvsm Drcv`b QvovI RvqMv jvGM| KeZy Gii weÓ¤v mewR evMvGbi RbÅ DrKÓ‡ ¤ ŠRe
mvi| KeZy Gii cvjK KviLvbvq KuvPvgvj wnGmGe eÅen†Z nq|
AvGiv AGbK f„wgKv iGqGQ| wkLbdj-2 I 19 ‰iv ˆcvKvgvKo a»sm KGi cwiGeGki fvimvgÅ iÞvq mnvqZv
KGi| ‰G`i ˆivM cÉwZGiva ÞgZv ˆewk| KeyZGii gvsGm cÉPzi
K. KxGmi «¼viv ˆKvGqGji KwjGmcwmwgqv ˆivM nq? 1 LwbR c`v^Æ I wfUvwgb ^vKvq AmyÕ© I evœPvG`i RbÅ ‰wU
LyeB cywÓ¡Ki ‰es mnRcvPÅ Lv`Å|
L. wWg dzUvGbvi RbÅ KuyGP gyiwM evQvB Ri‚wi ˆKb? 2
‰Qvov ‰ RvZ `ywU wPîweGbv`Gbi ˆÞGòI weGkl f„wgKv cvjb
M. K‡wl wkÞGKi cÉ`wkZÆ RvZàGjvi eYÆbv `vI| 3 KGi| UvÁ¼jvi RvGZi KeZy i AvKvGk wWMevRx Lvq hv
weGbv`Gbi f„wgKv cvjb KGi| gvGbviéGbi RbÅ AvgvG`i
N. K‡wl wkÞGKi DwÚwUi h^v^ÆZv weGkÏlY KGiv| 4 ˆ`Gk ‰G`i hG^Ó¡ K`i iGqGQ| Avevi ˆ`Gk weG`Gki
cvwLG`i Qov I KweZvq ˆjvUb RvGZi KeZy i wbRàGY Õ©vb
8 bs cÉGk²i Dîi ˆcGqGQ| ‰G`i NyivGbv SzuwU I gvwUGZ wWMevwR LvIqv
`kÆKG`i gGbviéb KGi|
K BmGKwiwkqv ˆKvjvB bvgK eÅvKGUwiqv «¼viv KwjGmcwmwgqv
ˆivM nq| cwiGkGl ejv hvq ˆh, K‡wl wkÞGKi DwÚwU h^v^Æ wQj|
ˆcvwÎŸÈ cvjb 7
cÉk² 9 3 eQi eqmx bvwejv Lye ˆfvGi Nyg ˆ^GK DGV ˆLvqvGi cÉvµ¦ nuvm (cvwZnuvm) DGVvGb cÉvµ¦ nuvm (ivRnuvm)
ˆLvqvi ˆ^GK wZbwU nuvm ˆei Kij| ‰KUz cGi ˆm ˆfZGi 1. AvK‡wZGZ ˆQvU AvKvGii 1. AvK‡wZGZ eo AvKvGii
wZbwU wWg ˆ`GL LywkGZ nvGZ Zvwj w`GZ jvMj| weGKGj nq| nq|
bvwejv hLb cÉwZGekxi DGVvGb ˆLjGZ ˆMj ZLb ˆm ˆmLvGb 2. nuvm cÉwZ RvqMv Kg 2. nuvm cÉwZ RvqMv ˆewk
`ywU eo, jÁ¼v Mjv wewkÓ¡ nuvm ˆ`Lj hvi ‰KwU AvwdÌKvb I jvGM| jvGM|
AbÅwU Pxbv RvGZi| ˆm hLbB nuvm `ywU aiGZ ˆMj, ZLbB 3. ‰iv eQGi cÉvq 300wU 3. eQGi `y’`dvq 8-10wU
nuvm `yGUv bvwejvi w`GK ˆZGo Avmj ‰es KvgovGZ D«¬Z wWg w`GZ cvGi| KGi ˆgvU 16-20wU wWg
nGjv| bvwejvi gv ZvrÞwYK bvwejvGK ˆKvGj wbGq nuvm `ywU w`Gq ^vGK|
ZvwoGq w`j| wkLbdj-3 4. wWg AvKvGi ˆQvU nq 4. wWg AvKvGi eo nq (66-
K. ˆjqvi gyiwM KZ wWwMÉ ˆm Zvcgvòvq wWg ˆ`q? 1 (50-60 MÉvg)| 150 MÉvg)|
L. DrcwîMZ w`K ˆ^GK gyiwMi RvGZi ˆkÉwYwefvM 5. `Ë‚Z PjvGdiv KiGZ 5. axGi PjvGdiv KGi|
2 cvGi|
KGiv| 3 6. Mjv ZzjbvgƒjKfvGe LvGUv 6. Mjv ZzjbvgƒjKfvGe jÁv¼
M. DGVvGbi nuvm `y’wUi ŠewkÓ¡Å eÅvLÅv KGiv|
N. ˆLvqvGii nuvm ‰es DGVvGbi nuvGmi gGaÅ ˆKvGbv I wbPz| I DuPz|
cv^ÆKÅ AvGQ Kx? gZvgZ `vI| 4 7. cÉwZwUi Mo IRb 2.5-3 7. cÉwZwUi Mo IRb 10-14
9 bs cÉGk²i Dîi ˆKwR nq| ˆKwR nq|
K ˆjqvi giy wM mvaviYZ 10-26 ˆm Zvcgvòvq wWg ˆ`q| DcwiDÚ cv^ÆKÅ ˆ^GK ‰Uv Õ·Ó¡ ˆh, ˆLvqvGii nuvm ˆ^GK
L RvZ ejGZ ˆevSvq ‰KwU weGkl ˆMvÓ¤xi m`mÅG`i hvG`i DGVvGbi nuvGmi RvZ Avjv`v| ZvB Avwg gGb Kwi, ˆLvqvGii
PvwiwòK ŠewkÓ¡Å ‰KB ‰es ‰B PvwiwòK ŠewkÓ¡ÅàGjv nuvm ‰es DVvGbi nuvGmi gGaÅ hG^Ó¡ cv^ÆKÅ iGqGQ|
eskciÁ·ivq mgvbfvGe we`Ågvb ^vGK| cÉk² 10 mewR eÅemvGq ÞwZMÉÕ¦ nGq kwidzj ‰KwU ˆcvwΟÈ
DrcwîÕ©vGbi Ici wfwî KGi gyiwMi RvZGK 4 ˆkÉwYGZ fvM Lvgvi KiGZ PvBGjv| ‰RbÅ ˆm Zvi PvPvi KvGQ civgGkÆi
Kiv nq| h^v-1. AvGgwiKvb ˆkÉwY, ˆhgb- ˆivW AvBjÅv´£ RbÅ ˆMj| PvPv ZvGK ‰ Lvgvi cwiK͸bvq weGePÅ welqmgƒn
ejGjb| wZwb meGkGl ejGjb, ‰ LvgvGi jvfevb nGZ
ˆiW| 2. f„gaÅmvMixq ˆkÉwY, ˆhgb-ˆjMnbÆ| 3. Bswjk ˆkÉwY,
AekÅB wKQy bxwZgvjv AbymiY KiGZ nGe| wkLbdj-5
ˆhgb AÕ¡ÈvjcÆ I 4. ‰kxq ˆkwÉ Y| ˆhgb eËvngv| K. DeÆi wWg KvGK eGj?
M DGVvGbi nuvm `ywU nGjv ivRnuvm| hvi ‰KwU AvwdÌKvb I 1
AbÅwU Pxbv RvGZi| wbGÁ² ‰G`i ŠewkÓ¡ÅàGjv eYÆbv Kiv nj@
AvwdÌKvb RvGZi ivRnuvGmi DrcwîÕ©j AvwdÌKv gnvG`k| ‰ L. LvgvGii AveZÆK eÅq ejGZ Kx ˆevS? 2
RvZxq nuvm AvKvGi ˆek eo I jÁ¼v nq ‰es gv^v cÉkÕ¦ nq|
gv^vq eo SzuwU ^vGK ‰es MjKÁj¼ AvGQ| ‰iv gv^v Lvov KGi M. kwidzj Zvi Lvgvi Õ©vcGb ˆKvb ˆKvb welq
PjvGdiv KGi| ‰G`i wcV cÉkÕ¦ I PÅv¶Ÿv ‰es Wvbv eo I
weGePbv KiGe? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3
N. kwidzGji PvPvi ewYÆZ bxwZgvjvmgƒn weGkÏlY KGiv|4
10 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
gReyZ nq| gv^vi is nvjKv ev`vwg| Mjvi cvjK nvjKv K ˆgviGMi mvG^ gyiwMi wgjGbi ci ˆhme wWg nq, ˆKej
aƒmi ev`vwg ‰es AbÅ cvjGK KvjGP ev`vwg ˆWvivKvUv `vM H wWgàGjvGZ ö…Y ^vGK, ‰i…c wWgGK DeiÆ wWg eGj|
ˆ`Lv hvq| cƒYÆeqÕ• nuvmv I nuvmxi IRb h^vKÌGg 10 I 8 L nuvm-gyiwMi LvgvGi Lv`Å KÌq, kÉgkwÚ, ˆWwcÉwmGqkb LiP,
ˆKwR nq| Aciw`GK Pxbv ivRnuvm AvKvGi ˆQvU I myVvg wUKv, Ilay , we`yÅr, MÅvm, cvwb BZÅvw`i RbÅ ˆh UvKv LiP nq
ˆ`Gni nq| wcV ˆek LvGUv I cÉkÕ¦ nq| eyK ˆMvjvKvi, Wvbv ZvGK AveZÆK LiP ejv nq|
jÁ¼v I gReyZ nq| ‰G`i cv LvGUv I gReyZ nq| is mv`v, gyiwMi LvgvGi AveZÆK LiGPi LvZàGjv nGjv@ evœPv KÌq,
ev`vwg I aƒmi nq| cƒYÆeqÕ• nuvmv I nuvmxi IRb h^vKÌGg 5 Lv`Å KÌq ev ŠZwi LiP, wUKv I IlGy ai gƒjÅ, KgÆKZvÆ ,
KgÆPvixG`i ˆeZb-fvZv, cwienb ev hvZvqvZ fvZv, h¯¨cvwZ/
ˆKwR I 4 ˆKwR|
Ni ˆgivgZ LiP I g†Z gyiwMi gƒjÅ BZÅvw`| eÅemvq jvf-
DcwiDÚ ŠewkGÓ¡Åi wfwîGZ nuvm `ywU kbvÚ Kiv hvq|
N ˆLvqvGii nuvmwU nGjv ˆ`wk nuvm ev cvwZnuvm ‰es DGVvGbi ÞwZi wnmve Kivi ˆÞGò AveZÆK eÅGqi f„wgKv eÅvcK|
nuvmwUi ˆhGnZz Mjv jÁ¼v ‰es ˆ`LGZ ZzjbvgƒjKfvGe AvKvGi M kwidzj ˆcvwÎŸÈ Lvgvi Kivi RbÅ wKQy welq weGePbv
KiGe|
eo ˆmGnZz ‰wU ivRnuvm|
nuvm `ywUi RvGZi gGaÅI AvKw‡ ZMZ I ŠewkÓ¡ÅMZ ˆek wKQy Lvgvi cwiPvjbv I cwiK͸bvi KvwiMwi welGqi gGaÅ ài‚Zc½ ƒYÆ
cv^ÆKÅ iGqGQ| ‰B nuvm `ywUi ZzjbvgƒjK cv^ÆKÅ wbGg³vÚ QGK nGjv- DuPz f„wgGZ AvGjv-evZvm PjvPjhÚy Õ©vGb evmÕ©vb
DcÕ©vcb Kiv nGjv@ wbgÆvY| ZvQvov ˆgGSGZ DchyÚ wjUvGii eÅeÕ©v, we`yÅr
8 cvGéix m†Rbkxj K‡wlwkÞv w«¼Zxq cò ‰Kv`k-«¼v`k ˆkÉwY
eÅeÕ©v, D®²Z nvBweËW evœPvi cÉvcÅZv, eqmwfwîGZ mylg Lv`Å AvKÌv¯¦ gyiwMi ˆdvÕ•vq ˆWUj, cUvk, AvGqvwWb w`Gq
mieivn, DchyÚ Õ©vGb wWg msiÞY evÝ I cvwbi cvò cwiÓ•vi KGi RxevYybvkK wKÌg ev cvDWvi jvMvGZ nGe|
Õ©vcb, cÉRbb KvR wbwøZ Kivi RbÅ ˆgviM-gyiwMi AbycvZ gyiwMi Ni RxevYybvkK w`Gq cwiÓ•vi KiGZ nGe| ‰QvovI
wVK ivLv| wbqwgZ gyiwM evQvB-QuvUvB I ˆivM `gbmn ‰B ˆivGMi nvZ ˆ^GK iÞv ˆcGZ fÅvKwmb cÉ`vb Kiv hvq|
mvweÆKfvGe evGqvwmwKDwiwU wbwøZ KiGZ nGe| ‰Qvov evwlÆK M wPò `ywUi wk͸ nGjv ˆcvwÎŸÈ wk͸| evsjvG`Gki ˆcÉÞvcGU ‰
mÁ¿veÅ Avq-eÅq, eËqjvGii ˆÞGò gvsGmi Pvwn`v I evRvi`i, wkG͸i AGbK mgmÅv iGqGQ| wbGP ‰ mgmÅvàGjv AvGjvPbv
ˆjqvGii ˆÞGò wWGgi is, Pvwn`v I evRvi`i ‰es Lvevi wWg
I evœPv dzUvGbvi wWg Drcv`Gbi cÉwZ ˆLqvj ivLv| Kiv nGjv
AvgvG`i ˆ`Gki AvenvIqv DcGhvMx D®²ZRvGZi nuvm-gyiwMi
DwÍÏwLZ welqàGjv weGePbv KGi Lvgvi Õ©vcb KiGj kwidzj cÉvcÅZv LyeB Kg| ˆ`wk nuvm-gyiwMi wWg I gvsm Lye myÕ¼v`y
jvfevb nGZ cviGe| nGjI ‰G`i Drcv`bÞgZv Kg eGj ‰àGjv cvjb jvfRbK
N kwidzGji PvPv Zvi ˆcvwÎŸÈ LvgvGii RbÅ wKQy bxwZgvjv eGjb| bq| eZÆgvGb ˆ`Gk D®Z² RvGZi nuvm-gyiwMi evœPvi Pvwn`v `yB
ˆKvwU nGjI miKvwi I ˆemiKvwi LvgvGi gvò ‰K ˆKvwU
‰KwU Lvgvi Õ©vcb KGi ‰i jvfRbK eÅeÕ©vcbv wbwøZ evœPv Drcv`b nq| dGj AvgvG`i weG`k nGZ evœPv Avg`vwbi
KiGZ AGbKàGjv bxwZgvjv ˆgGb PjGZ nq| Ici wbfÆi KiGZ nq| weG`k ˆ^GK evœPv Avg`vwb AZů¦
eÅqeüj dGj LvgvwiG`i Pov `vGg evœPv KÌq KiGZ nq|
bxwZgvjvàGjv nGjv@ jvfRbK Lvgvi cÉwZÓ¤vi RbÅ mylg Lv`Å AcwinvhÆ| nuvm-
1. Avivg`vqK I Õ¼vÕ©ÅKi evmÕ©vb| gyiwMi mylg LvG`Å eÅen†Z DcKiYàGjv eÅqeüj nIqvq ‰
2. ˆivMgyÚ nÅvPvwi ˆ^GK D®²Z evœPv/cyGjU msMÉn| LvG`Å AGbK ˆewk gƒjÅ cGo| ˆivMcÉwZGivaK wUKv I
3. wUKv cÉ`vb I cwiPhvÆ i gvaÅGg ŠRe wbivcîv wbwøZKiY| AÅvw´ŸevGqvwUK Avg`vwbGZ wbGlavævi dGj eZÆgvGb ˆ`Gk
4. eÅeÕ©vcbvi wbwiGL c†^K gyiwM I Lv`Å mieivn bxwZ nuvm-gyiwMi wUKv exGRi ˆek msKU iGqGQ| ZvQvov Lvgvi
gvwjKG`i Lvgvi eÅeÕ©vcbv I wUKv cÉ`vb welGq KvwiMwi
‰es cÉRbb LvgvGii ˆgviM-gyiwMi AbycvZ wVK ivLv| ævb I `ÞZvi Afve iGqGQ| hvi KviGY cÉwZeQi eü msLÅK
5. Lv`Å, wPwKrmv I cwiGeGki gvb wbq¯¨Y| nuvm-gyiwM wewf®² ˆivGM AvKÌv¯¦ nGq gviv hvGœQ| ˆ`Gk wWg I
6. AcPq KwgGq Lv`Å LiP 70% ‰i wbGP ivLv| nuvm-gyiwMi cwienb I evRviRvZKiGYi ˆKvGbv myÓ¤z c«¬wZ
7. Pvwn`v AbymvGi Drcv`b cwiK͸bv ŠZwi Kiv| ˆbB| AwaKvsk mgqB cwienGbi mgq wWg ˆfGO hvq ‰es
8. cYÅ msiÞGYi eÅeÕ©v MnÉ Y| cvwL gviv hvq| ‰Qvov evsjvG`Gk c÷-cvwLi mÁ·` ‰KUv
9. mƒßfvGe mKj Avq-eÅGqi wnmve msiÞY| mÁ¿vebvgq ˆmÙi nIqv mGî½I ‰GK RvZxqfvGe AMÉvwaKvi
10. Rbej I KvhÆvewji gGaÅ k›† Ljv iÞv| ˆ`Iqv nqwb|
DcGi ewYÆZ bxwZgvjvàGjv AbymiY Kiv kwidzGji LvgvGi
mdjZv ARÆb Kivi RbÅ AZů¦ ài‚Zc½ ƒYÆ|
cÉk² 11 DcGii ewYÆZ mgmÅvàGjv ‰G`Gk ˆcvwÎŸÈ wkG͸i weKvGk eo
evav| miKvi ‰ mgmÅvàGjv mgvavGb AvMÉnx nGj evsjvG`Gki
ˆcvwÎŸÈ wkG͸ D®q² b Kiv mÁ¿e|
N wPGòi cÉ`wkÆZ wk͸wU nGjv ˆcvwÎŸÈ wk͸| evsjvG`Gki
ˆcÉÞvcGU ‰ wkG͸i AGbK mÁ¿vebv iGqGQ| ˆmàGjv wbGÁ²
AvGjvPbv Kiv nGjv
wkLbdj-5 eZÆgvGb miKvi nuvm-gyiwMi evwYwRÅK Lvgvi Õ©vcbGK wk͸
K. KKGij Kx? 1 wnGmGe Õ¼xK‡wZ w`GqGQ ‰es ‰ LvGZi mKj cÉKvi myGhvM-
L. gyiwMi em¯¦ ˆivGMi wPwKrmv eÅeÕ©vcbv eÅvLÅv KGiv|2 myweav wbwøZ Kivi jGÞÅ DG`ÅvMI ˆbIqv nGqGQ| hvi dGj
M. evsjvG`Gki ˆcÉÞvcGU wPGòi wk͸wUi DGjLÐ GhvMÅ eo eo wewbGqvMKvixiv wk͸ Lvgvi Õ©vcGb AvMÉnx nGœQb|
mgmÅvàGjv eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3 AvaywbK eÅeÕ©vq nuvm-gyiwMi Õ¼vÕ©ÅmÁÃZ cvjGbi jGÞÅ c÷
N. evsjvG`Gk wPGòi wk͸wUi mÁ¿vebv AGbK@ weGkÐlY Awa`µ¦i wewf®² cÉKvi mÁcÉmviYgƒjK KvhKÆ Ìg ˆRvi`vi
KGiv| 4 KiGQ| ‰GZ LvgvwiG`i nuvm-gyiwM cvjGbi `ÞZv e†w«¬
cvGe| mylg Lv`Å ŠZwii jGÞÅ ˆ`Gk wk͸ KviLvbv MGo DGVGQ
11 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
K ‰K eQGii Kg eqGmi evo¯¦ ˆgviMGK KKGij eGj| ‰es ‰ LvZGK fwelÅGZ AviI ˆRvi`vi Kivi c`GÞc M†nxZ
L gyiwMi em¯¦ ‰KwU fvBivmRwbZ msKÌvgK ˆivM| ‰ nGqGQ| ‰GZ ˆcvwÎŸÈ LvG`Åi mnRjfÅZv I gvb e†w«¬ cvGe|
ˆivM dvDj cÝ bvGgI cwiwPZ| gyiwM em¯¦ ˆivGM AvKÌv¯¦ D®Z² ‰es Õ¼vÕ©ÅmÁÃZ evœPv cÉvwµ¦i RbÅ ˆekwKQy nÅvPvwi
nGj wbg³wjwLZ eÅeÕ©vcòàGjv wbGZ nGe@
cÉwZwÓ¤Z nGqGQ| ˆ`kxqfvGe Ilay I wUKv mieivGni KgÆmƒwP
ˆcvwÎŸÈ cvjb 9
MÉnY Kiv nGqGQ| ˆ`Gki meÆò cwienb I evRviRvZKiY eÅvsGKi my`| 6. we`yÅr, cvwb, wjUvi eve` LiP| 7. Ilay I
eÅeÕ©vi D®²qGbi ˆPÓ¡v PjGQ hvGZ Lvgvwi ZvG`i Drcvw`Z wUKv eve` LiP| 8. cwienb I hvZvqvZ LiP| 9. weævcb
gvsm I wWg ˆcuŒQvGZ cvGi ‰es bÅvhÅgƒjÅ cvq| ‰Qvov cÉPvi eÅq| 10. ˆgivgZ LiP|
gvaÅGg D®²Z cÉhywÚi mvdjÅ ZzGj aGi RbMYGK gyiwM cvjGb
DrmvwnZ Kiv nGœQ| Puv`wgqv Zvi eËqjvi LvgvGii eÅGqi LvZmgƒn mwVKfvGe
‰ aiGbi c`GÞcàGjv MÉnY I evÕ¦evqGbi KviGY w`bw`b wbi…cb KGi Lvgvi Õ©vcb KiGe|
ˆcvwÎŸÈ wkG͸i cÉmvi nGœQ ‰es evwYwRÅK I cvwievwiK wfwîGZ
AGbK ˆjvKRb ˆcvwÎŸÈ Lvgvi KGi jvfevb nGœQb| ‰mKj N Puv`wgqv eËqjvGii Lvgvi KiGZ PvBGjv| ZvGK K‡wl
LvgvGi AGbK ˆjvGKi KgÆmsÕ©vGbi eÅeÕ©v nGœQ| dGj KgÆKZvÆ ‰ Lvgvi Õ©vcGb wKQy weGePÅ welq mÁ·GKÆ ejGjb|
Avw^ÆK D®²wZi cvkvcvwk ˆ`Gki ˆeKvi mgmÅvI jvNe nGœQ|
AvGjvPbvi djvdj wnGmGe ejv hvq, evsjvG`Gk ˆcvwÎŸÈ ‰ Lvgvi cwiK͸bvi weGePÅ welqàGjv nGjv
wkG͸i weivU mÁv¿ ebv iGqGQ| DchyÚ cÉwkÞY I KvwiMwi ævb 1. gƒjaGbi cwigvY I Drm wbaÆviY|
jvf KGi ‰ wkG͸i gvaÅGg ˆ`Gki mvweÆK A^Æ‹bwZK D®²qb 2. Õ©vb I Rwg KÌq ev wjR|
Kiv mÁ¿e| 3. D®²Z RvGZi evœPv wbeÆvPb, KÌq I msiÞY|
4. mylg LvG`Åi cÉvcÅZv weGePbv I KÌq|
cÉk² 12 Puv`wgqv 500wU eËqjvi gyiwMi Lvgvi ŠZwi Kivi 5. cÉwZGlaGKi cÉvcÅZv weGePbv I KÌq|
5. ˆivM cÉwZGivaK Ilya wbeÆvPb, KÌq I msiÞY|
RbÅ Õ©vbxq K‡wl KgÆKZvÆ i civgkÆ wbj| K‡wl KgÆKZvÆ ZvGK 6. ˆhvMvGhvM eÅeÕ©v I kÉwgK cÉvcÅZv weGePbv ‰es wm«¬v¯¦
ejj ‰ Lvgvi Kivi RbÅ wKQy weGePÅ welq AbymiY KiGZ MÉnY|
7. gvsGmi Pvwn`v I evRvi`i wbixÞY I eÅeÕ©v wbaÆviY|
nq| cGi ZvGK LvgvGii mwVK Avq eÅGqi wnmve eywSGq 8. evwlÆK mÁ¿veÅ Avq-eÅq wbaÆviY, AbycvZ (BCR) wbaÆviY|
ejGjb| wkLbdj-5 cwiGkGl ejv hvq ˆh, Puv`wgqv DcGi DwÍÏwLZ welq weGePbv
KGi Lvgvi Õ©vcb KGi jvfevb nGZ cviGe|
K. e˂Wvi KvGK eGj? 1
L. gyiwMi mylg LvG`Åi ài‚Z½ ˆjGLv| 2
M. Puv`wgqvi LvgvGii eÅGqi LvZmgƒGni ‰KwU ZvwjKv cÉk² 13 gwbi Bmv eËvDb, Õ¡vi KÌm-579, wewf-300 I
ŠZwi KGiv| 3 eËvDb wbK RvGZi evo¯¦ gyiwMàGjv wbGq Lvgvi Õ©vcb KGib|
N. Puv`wgqvi ‰ aiGbi LvgvGi cwiK͸bvi weGePÅ ‰àGjvi mwVK cvjb c«¬wZ AbymiY KGi wZwb A͸w`GbB
welqàGjv weGkÏlY KGiv| 4 jvfevb nb| wkLbdj-6
12 bs cÉGk²i Dîi K. evnK cvwL KvGK eGj? 1
K 1-21 w`b eqGmi gyiwMi evœPvGK ˆh nvDGR Zvc ˆ`Iqv L. wWg AbyeÆi nq ˆKb? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2
nq ZvGK e˂Wvi eGj|
M. gwbGii LvgvGii gyiwMàGjvi cvjb eÅeÕ©vcbv
L gyiwMi LvgvGii Š`bw±`b eÅGqi kZKiv 65-70 fvMB eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3
nGq ^vGK LvG`Åi RbÅ| ZvB gyiwMGK mylg Lv`Å cÉ`vb AZů¦
N. gwbGii DÚ Lvgvi Õ©vcGbi weGePÅ welqàGjv
ài‚Zc½ ƒYÆ| ‰i ài‚Z½ nGjv weGkÏlY KGiv| 4
‰ LvG`Åi KviGY AcywÓ¡RwbZ ‰es AbÅvbÅ ˆivM Kg nq|
wWg, gvsm Drcv`b e†w«¬ cvq| LvgvGi jvf ˆewk nq ‰es 13 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
mÁ·` I kÉwgGKi myÓ¤z eÅenvi nq| wWg ‰es gvsGmi
àYMZgvb fvGjv nq| LvgvGii Drcv`b gvb e†w«¬ cvq ‰es K cÉvPxbKvGj KeZy Gii gvaÅGg cò Av`vb-cÉ`vb Kiv nGZv
evRvGiI Pvwn`v e†w«¬ cvq| ‰ LvG`Åi RbÅ nuvm-gyiwMi euvPvi eGj ‰GK evnK cvwL eGj|
nvi e†w«¬ cvq|
L ˆh mKj wWg ˆ^GK evœPv Drcvw`Z nq bv ZvG`iGK
AbyeÆi wWg eGj|
M Puv`wgqv 500wU eËqjvi Lvgvi Kivi RbÅ K‡wl KgKÆ ZÆvi gyiwMi RivqyGZ ÷KÌvYy gviv ˆMGj, ÷KÌvYyi cwigvY ev NbZ½
KvGQ civgkÆ wbGjv| wbGP Puv`wgqvi LvgvGii eÅGqi Kg nGj, ˆgviM-gyiwM e®¬Åv ev ˆivMvKvÌ ¯¦ nGj, mylg LvG`Åi
Afve nGj, wWg cvwb w`Gq ayGq cwiÓ•vi KiGj ev msiÞGY
LvZmgƒGni ‰KwU ZvwjKv ZzGj aiv nGjv ò‚wU nGj wWg AbyeÆi nq| Avevi ˆgviM-gyiwMi eqm ˆewk
(K) Õ©vqx LiP : 1. Lvgvi Õ©vcGbi RbÅ Rwgi gƒjÅ| 2. nGj I ˆ`Gn PweÆ Rgv nGj ZvG`i cÉRbbÞgZv KGg hvq ‰es
gyiwMi evmÕ©vb eve` LiP| 3. Awdm, à`vg, kÉwgGKi Ni, wWg AbyeÆi nq|
wWg msiÞYvMvi eve` LiP| 4. Avmeve I hvbevnb eve`
LiP| M gwbGii LvgvGii gyiwMàGjv nGjv Bmv eËvDb, Õ¡vi KÌm-
(L) AveZÆK LiP : 1. gyiwMi evœPv KÌq| 2. Lv`Å LiP| 3. 579, wewf-300 I eËvDb wbK RvGZi| ‰àGjv nGjv ˆjqvi
kÉwgK eve` LiP| 4. AePqRwbZ LiP| 5. gƒjaGbi Ici gyiwMi RvZ|
10 cvGéix m†Rbkxj K‡wlwkÞv w«¼Zxq cò ‰Kv`k-«¼v`k ˆkÉwY
wbGÁ² ‰àGjvi cvjb eÅeÕ©vcbv ewYÆZ nGjv@ K. ˆKvb ˆivMGK giy wMi AIDS ejv nq? 1
wZwb evo¯¦ ˆjqvi gyiwMàGjvGK DchyÚ NGi 10-26 ˆm. L. ˆjnMbÆ RvGZi gyiwMi ŠewkÓ¡ÅàGjv ˆjGLv| 2
Zvcgvòvq ˆiGLwQGjb ˆh, Zvcgvòvq ‰iv wWg ˆ`q| 18-75
mµ¦vn eqGm cwÉ Z gyiwMi LvevGii cvGòi ŠiwLK `ƒiZ½ 10 ˆmwg M. DóxcGK wmivR mvGnGei LvgviwU Kx Lvgvi? DÚ
‰es ˆMvjvKvi `ƒiZ½ 4 ˆmwg ˆiGLwQGjb| cÉwZwU gyiwMi RbÅ
cvwbi cvGòi RbÅ 2.5 ˆmwg Õ©vb wQj| wWgcvov gyiwMàGjvi LvgvGii gyiwMi RbÅ ‰KwU Lv`Å ZvwjKv cÉÕ§Z
RbÅ wZwb 14-16 N¥Ÿv AvGjv I 8-10 N¥Ÿv A®¬Kvi
ˆiGLwQGjb| cÉwZwU cƒYÆeqÕ• gyiwMi RbÅ wZwb 110-120 KGiv| 3
MÉvg Lv`Å ‰es 300-500 wmwm we÷«¬ cvwb w`GZb| 4-5wU
N. wmivR mvGne wK Av`kÆ Lvgvwi nGZ ˆcGiGQb?
gyiwMi RbÅ ‰KwU 1 1 – 1.2 NbdzU gvGci wWg cvovi
evÝ Õ©vcb KGiwQGjb| weGkÏlY KGiv| 4
gwbi LvgvGii gyiwMàGjvGK DwÍÏwLZ cvjb eÅeÕ©vcbvi 14 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
gvaÅGg LvgviGK jvfevb KGi ZzGjGQb|
K MvgGevGiv ˆivMGK gyiwMi AIDS ejv nq|
N gwbi ˆjqvi gyiwMàGjv RbÅ Av`kÆ ˆcvwÎŸÈ Lvgvi Õ©vcb
KGib| Av`kÆ ˆcvwΟ Lvgvi ejGZ evwYwRÅK DGóGkÅ nuvm- L ˆjMnbÆ RvGZi gyiwM wWg Drcv`Gbi DGóGkÅ cvjb Kiv
gyiwM cÉwZcvjb Kivi RbÅ mKj myGhvM-myweav mÁ·®² wbw`ÆÓ¡ nq|
Õ©vbGK ˆevSvq|
ˆjMnbÆ gyiwMi cvjK ‰es KvGbi jwZ mv`v| Dä¾j njy`
‰KwU Av`kÆ ˆcvwÎŸÈ Lvgvi cÉavbZ 6wU Dcv`vGbi mg®¼Gq SzuwU wmGãj ev ˆivR KÁ¼W, wWGgi is mv`v nq| cvjK
kixGii mvG^ mywebÅvÕ¦ ^vGK| ‰ RvGZi gyiwM eQGi 220-
MwVZ nq 1. D®²Z RvZ, 2. mylg Lv`Å, 3. DchyÚ evmÕ©vb, 250wU wWg cvGo| ‰iv AGcÞvK‡Z Kg eqGmB wWg ˆ`Iqv
4. ˆivM cwÉ ZGiva eÅeÕ©v, 5. myÓ¤z eÅeÕ©vcbv I 6. cbÅ ÷i‚ KGi| ‰G`i KzuGP nIqvi ceÉ YZv ˆbB|
evRviRvZKiY myweav|
M DóxcGK wmivR mvGnGei LvgviwU gyiwMi wWg
Av`kÆ ˆcvwÎŸÈ LvgvGii weGePÅ welqàGjv nGjv@ Drcv`bKvix Lvgvi| Zvi gyiwMi LvgvGi Š`wbK cÉvq 300 wU
1. ˆh ˆKvGbv aiGbi Lvgvi KiGZ gƒjab cÉGqvRb| LvgvGii wWg Drcv`b nq|
aib, AvqZb BZÅvw`i Ici gƒjaGbi cwigvY wbfÆi KGi| gyiwMi Lv`Å I cvwb MÉnGYi cwigvY mvaviYZ RvZ, IRb,
2. LvgvGii Rwg wbRÕ¼ nGj fvGjv nq| AbÅ^vq KÌq Kiv
eqm ‰es AGbKUv AvenvIqvi Ici wbfÆikxj| wbGP wWg
RwgGZ dvgÆ Kiv hvq| AekÅ ‰GÞGò gƒjab ˆewk jvGM|
3. eo ivÕ¦vi KvQvKvwQ DuPz ‰es fvGjv cvwb wbÓ•vkb cvov gyiwMi mylg Lv`Å ZvwjKv ˆ`Iqv nGjv:
eÅeÕ©v iGqGQ ‰gb RvqMvq Lvgvi KiGZ nGe| DcKiY bgybv-1 bgybv-2 bgybv-3
4. LvgvGi cwiÓ•vi we÷«¬ cvwbi eÅeÕ©v I we`yÅGZi
1. Mg/fzëv fvãv 45.00 46.0 46.00
eÅeÕ©v ^vKGZ nGe|
5. fvGjv RvGZi ˆjqvi I eËqjvi wbeÆvPb KiGZ nGe| 2. PvGji Kzuov 28.00 25.00 24.00
6. dvGgÆi Õ©vwqGZi½ cwiK͸bvi Ici wbfÆi KGi Nievwo
3. wZGji ŠLj 9.00 12.00 6.00
ŠZwi KiGZ nGe|
7. ˆivM cÉwZGivagƒjK eÅeÕ©v ‰es wPwKrmv eÅeÕ©v wbwøZ 4. mqvweb wgj 2.25 10.00 2.25
KiGZ nGe| 5. MGgi fzwm @ 5.00 @
8. dvGgÆ Drcvw`Z gvsm evRviRvZKiGY myeG±`veÕ¦ ^vKv
6. ÷uUwK gvGQi àuov/ 8.00 8.00 13.00
Acwinvh|Æ
wgU wgj
cwiGkGl ejv hvq ˆh, DcGi ewYÆZ Lvgvi Õ©vcGbi weGePÅ
welqàGjv weGePbv KGi gwbi Av`kÆ Lvgvi Õ©vcb KGiGQb 7. wSbyK P„YÆ 7.00 3.25 8.00
‰es jvfevb nGqGQb|
8. jeY 0.50 0.50 0.50
9. wfUvwgb-wgbvGij 0.25 0.25 0.25
wcÉwgÝ
10. mqvweb ŠZj @@@
ˆgvU 100 ˆKwR 100 ˆKwR 100 ˆKwR
cÉk² 14 wmivR mvGne ‰KRb Av`kÆ Lvgvwi| Zvi LvgvGi N nÅv, wmivR mvGne mwVK cwiK͸bv I eÅeÕ©vcbvi gvaÅGg
‰KRb Av`kÆ Lvgvwi nGZ ˆcGiGQb| wZwb wbGÁv² ÚfvGe
Š`wbK cÉvq 300wU KGi wWg Drcv`b nq| mwVK cwiK͸bv I
mdjfvGe ˆjqvi Lvgvi Õ©vcb KGiwQGjb
eÅeÕ©vcbvi KviGY wWg Drcv`Gbi cÉ^g `dv ˆ^GKB wZwb 1. wmivR mvGne ŠcwòK RwgGZ Lvgvi KGiwQGjb|
2. Lvgvi KiGZ ˆh gƒjab cÉGqvRb Zv wZwb ‰bwRI ˆ^GK
jvfevb nGZ ^vGKb| ‰GZ AbÅvbÅ LvgvwiivI AGbKUv mGPZb
FY wbGqwQGjb|
nGq IGV| wkLbdj-6 I 13 3. wZwb NGii mKj Avmevecò, Lvevi I cvwbi cvò
cwiÓ•vi-cwiœQ®² I RxevYygyÚ ivLGZb|
ˆcvwÎŸÈ cvjb 11
4. ˆjqviGK wZwb mwVK wbqGg mylg Lv`Å w`GZb ‰es w`Gb Lv`Å DcKiY cwigvY
MGo 16 N¥Ÿv NGi AvGjvi eÅeÕ©v KiGZb| 1. Mg fvOv 12.85 ˆKwR
2. PvGji Kuzov 10.0 ˆKwR
5. mgqgGZv wWg msMÉn KiGZb ‰es gyiwMGK wbqwgZ K‡wgi 3. ŠLj 2.56 ˆKwR
Ilya LvIqvGZb ‰es wewf®² ˆivGMi cÉwZGlaK wUKv cÉ`vb 4. ÷uUwK àuov 2.28 ˆKwR
KiGZb|
5. wSbyGKi P„YÆ 531 MÉvg
6. mµ¦vGn 2 evi wjUvi IjUcvjU KGi w`GZb ‰es ZvGZ Pzb 6. jeY 104 MÉvg
wQwUGq w`GZb| 7. LwbR wgkÉY 52 MvÉ g
ˆgvU 30 ˆKwR
DchyÆÚ KviGY wmivR mvGnGei ˆjqvi LvgvGii gyiwMàGjv
mwVKfvGe ˆeGo DGVwQj ‰es hG^Ó¡ cwigvY wWg ˆcGowQj| LvG`Åi àYMZgvb wbq¯¨GY DwÍÏwLZ nvGi DcKiY wgwkGq 10
‰fvGe wmivR mvGne Zvi AwfæZvGK KvGR jvwMGq Zvi ˆKwR Kuoz v mg†«¬ mylg 30 ˆKwR Lv`Å ŠZwi Kiv mÁ¿e|
Lvgvi ˆ^GK jvfevb nGqwQGjb|
cÉk² 15 cƒYÆeqÕ• nuvm-gyiwMi mylg Lv`Å ŠZwii ‰KwU bgybv N ˆcvwÎŸÈ LvG`Åi àYMZgvb wbq¯¨GY Lv`Å Dcv`vGbi
AvbycvwZK nvi wbaÆviY AwZ ài‚Z½cƒY|Æ
wbÁ²i…c: ˆcvwÎŸÈ ˆ^GK AwaK gvsm I wWg Drcv`Gbi cÉavb kZÆ nGjv
‰àGjvGK mwVKfvGe mylg Lv`Å cÉ`vb Kiv| ‰me LvG`Å QqwU
Lv`Å DcKiY cwigvY cywÓ¡ Dcv`vb wbw`ÆÓ¡ AbycvGZ ^vKGZ nq| ‰ cywÓ¡
Dcv`vbmgƒn nGjvAvwgl, kKÆiv, ˆÕn² , LwbR c`v^Æ, wfUvwgb
1. Mg fvOv 4.5 ˆKwR I cvwb| ˆcvwΟÈi mwVK MVb, e†w«¬, eskweÕ¦vi I ˆivM
cÉwZGivGai RGbÅ ‰ QqwU Dcv`vGbi cÉGZÅKwU wbw`ÆÓ¡ AbycvGZ
2. PvGji Kzuov 3.5 ˆKwR ^vKv cÉGqvRb|
3. ŠLj 900 MÉvg Lv`Å mwVKfvGe ‰ AbycvZ wbq¯¨Y bv KiGj ˆcvwΟÈi kvixwiK
MVb, e†w«¬, eskweÕ¦vi I ˆivM cÉwZGiva ÞgZv eÅvnZ nq|
4. ÷uUwK àuov 800 MÉvg D`vniYÕ¼i…c ejv hvq, wfUvwgb kixGii ˆivM cÉwZGiva ÞgZv
e†w«¬ KGi ‰es kwÚ Drcv`b KGi| ZGe AwZwiÚ wfUvwgb
5. wSbyGKi P„YÆ 255 MÉvg wbeÆvPb kixGii ˆKvGbv DcKvGi AvGm bv| ZvB cwiwgZ
wfUvwgb wbeÆvPb kixGii RGbÅ AZů¦ Ri‚wi| Abyi…cfvGe,
6. jeY 50 MÉvg Avwgl, kKÆiv, ˆÕ²n, LwbR c`v^Æ I cvwb kixGii RGbÅ mwVK
AbycvGZ cÉGqvRb nq| kKÆiv ev ˆk¼Zmvi kixGii Zvc I kwÚ
7. LwbR wgkÉY 25 MvÉ g evovq ‰es ˆ`Gni e†w«¬ mvaGb ài‚Zc½ ƒYÆ f„wgKv cvjb KGi|
Avwgl kixGii e†w«¬ I Þq cƒiY KGi| c`v^Æ kixGii Zvc I
ˆgvU 10 ˆKwR kwÚ evovq ‰es LwbR c`v^Æ nvGoi e†w«¬ I Drcv`Gb mnvqZv
KGi| ‰ mKj Lv`Å Dcv`vGbi AfvGe ‰Kw`GK ˆhgb ˆcvwΟÈi
wkLbdj- 6 I 13 kixGi bvbv mgmÅv ˆ`Lv w`GZ cvGi ˆZgwb ‰G`i AvwaKÅI
kixGii RGbÅ ÞwZi KviY nGZ cvGi|
K. mylg Lv`Å Kx? 1
AZ‰e ejv hvq, mwVKgvòvq wWg I gvsGmi Drcv`b ˆcGZ
L. ˆcvwÎŸÈ LvG`Åi AvwgGli cÉavb DrmàGjv eÅvLÅv ˆcvwÎŸÈ LvG`Åi àYMZgvb wbq¯¨GY Lv`Å Dcv`vGbi AbycvwZK
nvi wbaÆviY weGkl ài‚Zc½ ƒYÆ welq|
KGiv| 2
M. DwÍÏwLZ PvUÆ AbymiGY nuvm-gyiwMi 10 ˆKwR PvGji
Kuzov mylg LvG`Åi ‰KwU ZvwjKv ŠZwi KGiv| 3
N. ‘ˆcvwÎŸÈ LvG`Åi gvb wbq¯¨GY Lv`Å Dcv`vGbi
AvbycvwZK nvi wbaÆviY ài‚Zc½ ƒYÆ welq’ hwy Ú «¼viv
ˆevSvI| 4
15 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
K ˆh LvG`Å cÉvYxi RbÅ cÉGqvRbxq cÉwZwU cywÓ¡ Dcv`vb
AvbycvwZK nvGi we`Ågvb ^vGK ZvB mylg Lv`Å|
L ˆcvwΟÈi LvG`Å AvwgGli cÉavb Drm `ywU, h^v ÷uUwKi cÉk² 16 MÉxGÓÃi QywUGZ AvGbvqvi Zvi gvgvevwoGZ ˆeovGZ
àuov ‰es ŠLj| ÷uUwKi àuovGZ cÉPiz cwigvY Avwgl ^vGK| ˆMj| AvGbvqvGii gvgvGZv fvB wicb Õ©vbxq hye D®²qb
Awa`µ¦Gi Qq gvm cÉwkÞY wbGq Zvi evwoi cvGki DuPz RwgGZ
ˆcvwÎŸÈ LvG`Å cwiwgZ cwigvY ÷uUwKi àuov ˆgkvGj AvwgGli mdjfvGe Lvgvi Õ©vcb KGi| ‰ wbGq cici wZbevi wicb
Pvwn`v cƒiY nq| Aciw`GK wewf®² cÉKvi ŠLGjI hG^Ó¡ Lvgvi ˆ^GK ˆek jvfevb nGjv| ‰GZ AvGbvqvi DrmvwnZ nGq
cwigvY Avwgl ^vGK| nuvm-gyiwMi LvG`Å mwilv, wZj, wicGbi KvGQ wKQyUv aviYv wbGq ZvG`i evwoi ˆcQGb wbPz
wPbvev`vg BZÅvw`i ŠLj ˆgkvGj Zv ˆ^GKI hG^Ó¡ cwigvY WzGev AsGk euvGki ˆeov w`Gq ˆQvU ‰KwU Lvgvi ŠZwi Kij|
Avwgl ˆcGq ^vGK| wbiwewœQ®² we`yÅr bv ^vKvq cÉPí MiGg Zvi LvgvGii cÉvq me
gyiwM gviv ˆMj| ‰GZ ˆm Avw^KÆ fvGe ÞwZi mÁÃyLxb nGjv|
M DwÍÏwLZ PvUÆ AbymiGY 10 ˆKwR PvGji Kzuov mg†«¬ nuvm-
gyiwMi mylg LvG`Åi ZvwjKv ŠZwi KiGZ cÉ`î DcKiYmgnƒ wkLbdj-7
wbÁ²i…c nvGi wgkvGZ nGe
12 cvGéix m†Rbkxj K‡wlwkÞv w«¼Zxq cò ‰Kv`k-«¼v`k ˆkÉwY
K. dvDwg gyiwMi DrcwîÕ©j ˆKvb ˆ`Gk? 1 Lvgvi eÅeÕ©vcbvi AbÅZg PvweKvwV| Z‡ZxqZ, mwVK
AeKvVvGgv A^Ævr LvgvGii MVb, we`yÅr eÅeÕ©v ‰es LvgvGii
L. wRbwWs RvGZi nuvGmi ŠewkÓ¡Å eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2 mvG^ mnRZi ˆhvMvGhvM eÅeÕ©vI mwVK Lvgvi eÅeÕ©vcbvi
AweGœQ`Å Ask| PZz^ÆZ, wPwKrmv eÅeÕ©vcbv, mwVK wPwKrmv
M. AvGbvqvi ˆKvb ˆKvb bxwZgvjv AbymiY KiGj Lvgvi I Ilay eÅeÕ©vcbv jvfRbK LvgvGii AbÅZg PvweKvwV|
ˆhGKvGbv mgq wewf®² ˆivMRxevYyi RbÅ wPwKrmv eÅeÕ©v
eÅeÕ©vcbvq jvfRbK nGZv? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3 ZvrÞwYKfvGe cÉÕ§Z ivLv ‰KwU my±`i I jvfRbK LvgvGii
cƒeÆkZÆ|
N. AvGbvqvi I wicGYi Lvgvi Õ©vcGbi weGePÅ welqmgƒn wicb ‰Bme weGePÅ w`KàGjv Zvi LvgvGii RbÅ cÉGqvM
KGiwQj| ZvB ˆm cici wZbevi jvfevb nGqGQ hv AvGbvqvi
wK ‰K wQj? ˆZvgvi gZvgZ `vI| 4 KiGZ cvGiwb| KviY Zvi LvgviKiGYi Ici ˆKvGbv
cÉvwZÓ¤vwbK ævb wQj bv| ‰ KviGY ˆm Lvgvi Õ©vcGbi ˆÞGò
16 bs cÉGk²i Dîi mwVK RvqMv wbeÆvPb KiGZ cvGiwb| ‰Qvov LvgvGii RbÅ
mwVK eÅeÕ©vcbv I hðvw` wVK gZ wbGZ cvGib wb| gƒjZ
K dvDwg gyiwMi DrcwîÕ©j wgkGi| DcwiDÚ KviGYB wicb jfevb nGqwQj ‰es ‰àGjvi AfvGe
AvGbvqvi ÞwZMÉÕ¦ nGqwQj|
L Pxb ˆ`Gki wRbwWs cÉG`Gk wRbwWs RvGZi nuvGmi Drcwî| DcwiDÚ AvGjvPbvi cwiGcÉwÞGZ ejv hvq ˆh, wicb I
AvGbvqvGii Lvgvi Õ©vcGb weGePÅ welqmgnƒ ‰K wQj bv|
‰iv wWg Drcv`Gb cÉwm«¬| wRbwWs RvZxq nuvGmi ŠewkÓ¡ÅàGjv
nGjv
‰ RvZ AvKvGi gaÅg| cvjGKi eYÆ mvgvbÅ LuvwK, ev`vwg I
KvGjv ˆdvu Uvq fiv| ‰G`i cv I ˆVuvU ev`vwg ˆgGU iGOi|
eQGi wWg Drcv`Gbi nvi 200 ˆ^GK 250wU| nuvmv-nuvmxi
IRb h^vKÌGg 1.5-2 ˆKwR I 1 ˆKwR nq|
M AvGbvqvi ÷aygvò Zvi gvgvGZv fvBGqi KvQ ˆ^GK
A͸mgGqi wbG`Ækbv wbGq Lvgvi Õ©vcb KGiwQj| AvGbvqvi
Lvgvi KiGYi Ici ˆKvGbv cÉwZÓ¤vb ˆ^GK ռ͸ ev `xNÆGgqvw`
evÕ¦e ævb wfwîK cÉwkÞY ˆbqwb| ‰QvovI Zvi Lvgvi cÉk² 17 ˆivLmvbv gyiwM cvjGbi Ici cÉwkÞY wbGq
Õ©vcGbi RvqMv I mvweÆK cwiGek Lvgvi Õ©vcGbi AbycGhvMx cvwievwiKfvGe D®²Z RvGZi 200wU gyiwMi Lvgvi MGo
wQj| ˆZvGjb| ‰RbÅ wZwb Pvwiw`GK ˆ`qvGji Dciw`GK 3 dzU
AvGbvqvi hw` wbg³wjwLZ bxwZgvjvàGjv AbymiY KiGZv ZvnGj duvKv ˆiGL 20 dzU × 10 dzU ‰KwU Ni wbgÆvY KGib| wZwb
Zvi Lvgvi jvfRbK nGZv| bxwZgvjvàGjv nGjv@ Avivg`vqK NGii ˆgGSGZ Kv`v I evwj w`Gq ˆjGc ˆ`b| gyiwMi
I Õ¼vÕ©ÅKi evmÕ©vb ŠZwi Kiv| nÅvPvwi ˆ^GK ˆivMgyÚ D®²Z evœPvàGjv hvGZ ˆKvGbv ˆivGM AvKÌv¯¦ bv nq ‰es `Ë‚Z ˆeGo
evœPv/cyGjU msMÉn| wUKv cÉ`vb I cwiPhÆvi gvaÅGg ŠRe DVGZ cvGi ˆmRbÅ mylg Lv`Å mieivn I ˆivM cÉwZGivamn
wbivcîv wbwøZKiY| eÅeÕ©vcbvi wbwiGL c†^K gyiwM I Lv`Å mKj aGbi eÅeÕ©vcbv MÉnY KGib| ‰ KviGY A͸ mgGqi
mieivn bxwZ ‰es cÉRbb LvgvGii ˆgviM-gyiwMi AbycvZ wVK gGaÅB wZwb mdjZv jvf KGib| A wkLbdj-7
ivLv| Lv`Å, wPwKrmv I cwiGeGki gvb wbq¯¨Gb ivLv| AcPq K. wjUvi KvGK eGj? 1
KwgGq Lv`Å LiP 70%-‰i wbGP ivLv| Pvwn`v AbymvGi L. ‰KwU Av`kÆ ˆcvwÎŸÈ LvgvGii aviYv eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2
Drcv`b cwiK͸bv ŠZwi Kiv| cYÅ msiÞGYi eÅeÕ©v MÉnY M. ˆivLmvbv NGii ˆgGSGZ Kv`v I evwj ˆjGc ˆ`b
Kiv| mKj Avq-eÅGqi mƒßfvGe wnmve msiÞY Kiv| Rbej ˆKb? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3
I KvhvÆ ewji gGaÅ k†›Ljv iÞv Kiv| N. ˆcvwÎŸÈ Lvgvi ˆ^GK ˆivLmvbvi mdjZvi KviY
AZ‰e, ˆ`Lv hvq, DcwiDÚ welqàGjv AvGbvqvi h^vh^fvGe weGkÏlY KGiv| 4
AbymiY bv Kivi KviGY Lvgvi Õ©vcb KGi jvfevb nGZ 17 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
cvGiwb| LvgviGK jvfRbK KGi MGo ZzjGZ nGj DwÍÏwLZ K avGbi Zzl, KvGVi àou v, AvGLi ˆQveov A^ev LGoi ˆQvU
UzKiv w`Gq gyiwMi ˆh weQvbv ŠZwi Kiv nq ZvGK wjUvi eGj|
bxwZgvjvàGjv evÕ¦evqb KiGZ nGe|
N AvGbvqvi I wicGbi Lvgvi Õ©vcGbi weGePÅ welqmgƒn
‰K wQj bv| AvGbvqvi Zvi evwoi cvGki ˆWvev I cwZZ L Av`kÆ ˆcvwÎŸÈ Lvgvi ejGZ evwYwRÅK DGóGkÅ nuvm-gyiwM
cÉwZcvjb Kivi RbÅ mKj myGhvM-myweav mÁ·®² wbw`Ó¡
RvqMvq Lvgvi Õ©vcb KGiwQj wK¯§ wicb Lvgvi Õ©vcGbi Õ©vbGK ˆevSvq|
RbÅ ivÕ¦vi cvGk DuPz I Av`kÆ RvqMv wbeÆvPb KGiwQj | ‰KwU Av`kÆ ˆcvwÎŸÈ Lvgvi cÉavbZ 6wU Dcv`vGbi mg®¼Gq
MwVZ nq- 1. D®²Z RvZ; 2. mylg Lv`Å; 3. DchyÚ evmÕ©vb;
ˆhGnZz wicb Zvi Lvgvi ˆ^GK cici wZbevi ˆek jvfevb 4. ˆivM cÉwZGivGai eÅeÕ©v; 5. myÓ¤z eÅeÕ©vcbv I 6. cYÅ
evRviRvZKiY myweav| ‰Qvov Av`kÆ ˆcvwÎŸÈ LvgvGi Drcvw`Z
nGqGQ ZvB Avgiv ejGZ cvwi ˆh Zvi LvgviwU ‰KwU Av`kÆ cYÅwU nGe wbw`ÆÓ¡, ˆhgb- 1. wWg Drcv`b Lvgvi, 2. gvsm
Drcv`b Lvgvi, 3. cÉRbb ev weËWvi Lvgvi, 4. evœPv Drcv`b
Lvgvi| ‰KwU Av`kÆ Lvgvi Õ©vcGbi RbÅ wKQy welq weGePbv Lvgvi., 5. nuvm-gyiwM-gvGQi mgw®¼Z Lvgvi BZÅvw`|
KiGZ nGe| cÉ^gZ, gƒjab ev cwyu R, LvgvGii AvKw‡ Z I
AvqZb Abyhvqx mwVK gƒjab wbGq Lvgvi eÅeÕ©vcbv ÷i‚
KiGZ nGe| w«¼ZxqZ mwVK RvZ wbeÆvPb, ‰wU ‰KwU mdj
LvgvGii DGjLÐ GhvMÅ weGePÅ welq| fvGjv RvZ wbeÆvPb mwVK
ˆcvwÎŸÈ cvjb 13
M ˆivLmvbv wjUvi cwiÓ•vGii myweavG^Æ NGii ˆgGSGZ Kv`v AvKvGi evwYwRÅK LvgviGK wk͸ wnGmGe Õ¼xK‡wZ w`GqGQ| ‰
I evwj w`Gq ˆjGc ˆ`b| ‰RbÅ Ni cvKv KGi w`Gj AviI
fvGjv nq| gyiwM Õ¼vÕ©ÅmÁÃZ I Avivg`vqKfvGe cvjGbi RbÅ LvGZ wewf®² myGhvM-myweav (ˆhgb cÉwkÞY, FY, wPwKrmv,
wjUvi c«¬wZi ài‚Z½ Acwimxg| wjUvGii cyi‚Z½ mvaviYZ 2-3 LvevGi fZÆywK BZÅvw`) cÉ`vb Kiv nGœQ| ˆ`Gki cwienY I
Bwç ‰es Av`ËÆZv 20-25% nq| ZGe wjUvGi Av`ËÆZv Kg ˆhvMvGhvM eÅeÕ©vi D®²wZ mvwaZ nGœQ| bÅvhÅ gƒGjÅ wewKÌi
^vKGj cvwb ˆÕ·É I Av`ËÆZv ˆewk ^vKGj Pzb cÉGqvM KiGZ nGe evRvi m†wÓ¡ nGœQ| ‰me KviGY ‰G`Gk ˆcvwÎŸÈ wk͸ weKvGki
A^ev wjUvi cwieZÆb KGi bZzb wjUvi w`GZ nq| mµ¦vGn mÁ¿vebv Däj¾ |
‰Kevi wjUvi DwΟGq cvwΟGq cwiÓ•vi KGi cybivq weQvGZ
nq| mGeÆvcwi, mwVKfvGe wjUvi eÅeÕ©vcbv mÁ·v`Gbi RbÅ M wmqvb ˆgvU 100 wU gyiwM cvjGbi RGbÅ eË‚Wvi nvDR ŠZwi
ˆivLmvbv NGii ˆgGS Kv`v I evwj w`Gq ˆjGc ˆ`b| KGiGQb| ˆh NGi gyiwMi evœPvGK Zvc ˆ`Iqv nq, ZvB eË‚Wvi
nvDR|
N ˆivLmvbv gyiwM cvjGbi Dci cÉwkÞY ˆbb| dGj Zwb
gyiwMi Lvgvi cwiK͸bv welGq AeMZ nb ‰es ˆm ævb KvGR mvaviYZ cÉwZ 200wU evœPvi RGbÅ eË‚WvGi RvqMv jvGM 18 eMÆ
jvwMGq cvwievwiKfvGe D®²Z RvGZi 200wU gyiwMi Lvgvi wgUvi| ˆm wnmvGe wmqvGbi 150wU gyiwMi RGbÅ `iKvi coGe
MGo ˆZvGjb| ‰RbÅ wZwb Pvwiw`GK ˆ`qvGji Dciw`GK 3 dzU 13.5 eMÆwgUvi| wK¯§ wmqvGbi 50wU gyiwMi evœPvi RvqMv
duvKv ˆiGL 20 dzU × 10 dzU ‰KwU Ni wbgÆvY KGib| nwœQj bv| KviY 100wU gyiwMi RbÅ wZwb 9 eMÆwgUvGii eË‚Wvi
ˆ`qvGji DÚ 3 dzU RvqMvq 1.5 Bwç eÅvGmi 24 ˆMR ZvGii nvDR evwbGqwQGjb| ZvB ZvGK AviI 50wU evœPvi RGbÅ ˆgvU
ˆbU w`Gq wNGi w`GZ nq| wjUvi cwiÓ•vGii myweavG^Æ NGii
ˆgGS wZwb Kv`v I evwj w`Gq ˆjGc ˆ`b| gyiwMi evœPàGjv 13.59 = 4.5 eMÆwgUvi RvqMv evovGZ nGe| ‰GZ Zvi me
hvGZ ˆKvGbv ˆivGM AvKvÌ ¯¦ bv nq ‰es `Ë…Z ˆeGo DVGZ cvGi gyiwMi evœPvi Õ©vb msKzjvb nGe| eË‚Wvi nvDGR Zvcgvòv
ˆmRbÅ ˆm mylg Lv`Å mieivn I ˆivM cÉwZGivamn mKj wbq¯¨GYi RbÅ wmqvbGK Wvej KGi PGUi c`Æv ˆmjvB KGi
aiGbi eÅeÕ©vcbv MÉnY KGib| ‰me KviGY Zvi Lvgvi SzjvGZ nGe| ‰Qvov ZvGK eË‚Wvi nvDGR 200 IqvGUi evͼ
‰KwU Av`kÆ LvgvGii i…c jvf KGi| jvwMGq eË‚wWs Zvcgvòv wbq¯¨Y KiGZ nGe| wZwb Zvc ˆ`Iqvi
NGi AwZwiÚ wKQy evͼ wiGdÑKUvimn wbPz KGi SzjvGZ cvGib
dGj wZwb mdjZv jvf KGib| ‰es cÉGqvRb AbymvGi ‰àGjv R¾vwjGq Zvc w`GZ cvGib|
‰fvGe wmqvb Zvi me gyiwMi RGbÅ RvqMvi eÅeÕ©v Avi
cÉk² 18 wmqvb 100wU eËqjvi gyiwM cvjGbi RbÅ Lvgvi eË‚Wvi nvDGRi Zvcgvòv e†w«¬ KiGZ cvGib|
KGiGQb| LvgvGii NGii wfZi eË‚Wvi nvDR ŠZwi KGiGQb| N eËqjvi gyiwMi Lvgvi Õ©vcGbi ˆÞGò ˆek wKQy welq
weGePbv KiGZ nq| eËqjvi gyiwM ˆ`wk gyiwMi gGZv ˆhGKvGbv
gyiwMi evœPv ‰GbGQb 150wU| 50wU evœPv ˆewk ivLvq mgmÅv cÉwZK„j AvenvIqv I cwiGeGk Lvc LvIqvGZ cvGi bv, ZvB
‰G`i weGkl hð wbGZ nq|
nGœQ| eË‚Wvi nvDGR 500 IqvGUi wnUvi emvGbvGZI mgmÅv
eËqjvi gyiwM cvjGbi RbÅ Õ©vb, AvGjv-evZvm, Zvcgvòv
nGœQ| cÉvwYmÁ·` KgÆKZÆv Ni I eË‚Wvi nvDR eo KiGZ mwVK gvòvq nIqv cÉGqvRb| wmqvb 100wU eËqjvi gyiwMi
evœPv ivLvi Õ©vGb 150wU evœPv ivLvq ‰G`i Õ©vb msKzjvb
eGjGQb| eË‚Wvi nvDGRi Zvcgvòv evovGZ eGjGQb| A wVKgGZv nGœQ bv| ‰Qvov 150wU evœPvi RbÅ ˆm cwiwgZ
ZvcI cÉ`vb KiGZ cviGQ bv| LvgvGi cÉwZwU eËqjvi gyiwMi
wkLbdj-7 RbÅ 1 eMÆdzU RvqMv `iKvi| evœPvi RbÅ 1g mµ¦vGn
K. MvgGevGiv Kx? 1 35ˆm., 2q mµ¦vGn 32.2 ˆm., 3q mµ¦vGn 29.2 ˆm., 4^Æ
L. evsjvG`Gk ˆcvwÎŸÈ wk͸ weKvGki mÁ¿vebv eÅvLÅv mµ¦vGn 26.6 ˆm., 5g mµ¦vGn 23.8 ˆm. I 6Ó¤ mµ¦vGn 21
ˆm. Zvc w`GZ nq| ‰RbÅB cÉvwYmÁ·` KgÆKZÆv ZvGK eË‚Wvi
KGiv| 2 nvDR eo KiGZ eGjGQb ‰es eWË‚ vi nvDGRi Zvcgvòv evovGZ
eGjGQb| e˂Wvi nvDR eo bv KiGj gyiwMi թvb msKzjvb nGe
M. wmqvb LvgvGii Ni I eË‚Wvi nvDR KZUzKz eo KiGe bv| dGj LvIqv I e†w«¬ KGg hvGe| ‰Qvov gyiwM wewf®² ˆivGM
AvKÌv¯¦ nGZ cvGi| Avevi Zvcgvòv bv evovGj gyiwM
‰es Zvcgvòv KxfvGe evovGe eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3 cÉGqvRbxq ZvGci AfvGe AmyÕ© nGq coGe| ‰QvovI
Zvcgvòv Kg nGj gyiwMGK Õ¼vfvweGKi Zzjbvq Lvevi ˆewk
N. cÉvwYmÁ·` KgÆKZÆvi civgkÆgGZv KvR bv KiGj w`GZ nGe, dGj Lvevi LiP ˆeGo hvGe|
wmqvGbi LvgvGi Kx mgmÅv nGZ cvGi, weGkÏlY AZ‰e ejv hvq, cÉvwYmÁ·` KgÆKZÆvi civgkÆgGZv KvR bv
KiGj wmqvGbi LvgvGi DwÍÏwLZ mgmÅvmgƒn nGZ cvGi|
KGiv| 4
18 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
K MvgGevGiv nGjv gyiwMi fvBivmRwbZ ‰KwU gvivñK ˆivM
hv ‘gyiwMi AIDS’ bvGg cwiwPZ|
L bvbvwea DcGhvwMZv I myweavi KviGY evsjvG`Gk ˆcvwΟÈ
wk͸ weKvGki mÁ¿vebv Däj¾ |
evsjvG`Gki Rjevqy, AvenvIqv, cwiGek ˆcvwÎŸÈ cvjGbi
mÁ·ƒYÆ DchyÚ| Avi ˆ`Gk ‰G`i Pvwn`vI cÉPzi| miKvi mxwgZ
14 cvGéix m†Rbkxj K‡wlwkÞv w«¼Zxq cò ‰Kv`k-«¼v`k ˆkÉwY
cÉk² 19 AvGqkv ˆeMg gyiwMi wWg dzUvGbvi RbÅ AwZ cÉvPxb N ˆnGjbv wWg dzUvGbvi RbÅ cÉvK‡wZK c«¬wZ eÅenvi
KiGjI mdj nGZ cvGibwb| AvGqkv ˆeMg Zvi KvQ ˆ^GK
c«¬wZ AbymiY KGib| ‰ c«¬wZGZ LiP AGbK Kg nq| cGi RvbGZ cviGjv ˆnGjbvi wWg wbeÆvPGb ò‚wU iGqGQ|
Zvi ˆ`LvG`wL ˆnGjbv wWg dzUvGbvi ˆPÓ¡v KiGjb wK¯§ mdj cGi ˆm wWg wbeÆvPGbi mwVK c«¬wZi K^v eGjb| wZwb
nGZ cvGibwb| AvGqkv ˆeMg ˆnGjbvi mvG^ K^v eGj RvbGZ eGjb
1. myÕ© mej gyiwMi cwiÓ•vi-cwiœQ®² I DeÆi wWg evœPv
cvGib wWg wbeÆvPGb ˆnGjbvi ò‚wU iGqGQ| ZvB ˆm ˆnGjbvGK
dzUvGbvi RbÅ eÅenvi KiGZ nq|
wKQy civgkÆ w`j| wkLbdj-7 I 9 2. DeÆi wWGgi RbÅ myÕ©, mej, cÉRbbÞg ˆgviM-gyiwM
K. nuvGmi eUzwjRg ˆivM m†wÓ¡Kvix RxevYyi bvg Kx? 1 ‰K mvG^ ^vKGZ nGe|
3. wWGgi AvKvi I ˆLvmvi is Õ¼vfvweK nGZ nGe|
L. Zv ˆ`Iqv gyiwMi hð I cwiPhÆv eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2 4. gyiwMi SuvGK nvjKv RvGZi RbÅ 10 t 1 ‰es fvix
M. AvGqkv ˆeMGgi wWg dzUvGbvi c«¬wZwU eÅvLÅv RvGZi RbÅ 8 t 1 AbycvGZ ˆgviM bv ^vKGj ˆmLvGbi
wWg dzUvGbvi RbÅ ˆbIqv hvGe bv|
KGiv| 3 5. AcwiÓ•vi wWg evœPv dzUvGbvi RbÅ eÅenvi Kiv hvGe bv|
AcwiÓ•vi wWg cvwbGZ ˆavqv hvGe bv ZvB cwiÓ•vi
N. AvGqkv ˆeMGgi ˆ`Iqv civgkÆ weGkÏlY KGiv| 4 Kvco ev wkwil KvMR w`Gq gyGQ ev NGl cwiÓ•vi KGi
wbGZ nGe|
19 bs cÉGk²i Dîi 6. evœPv dzUvGbvi wWGgi IRb gyiwM I nuvGmi ˆÞGò
h^vKÌGg mvaviYZ 50-60 MÉvg I 60-70 MÉvg nGZ nGe|
K ˆKÑvmwUÇwWqvg eUzwjbvg bvgK eÅvKGUwiqv nuvGmi eUzwjRg 7. dvUv wKsev fvOv, euvKv, Agm†b, Amgvb ev cvZjv
ˆivM m†wÓ¡ KGi| ˆLvmvhÚy wWg ˆ^GK evœPv nq bv|
8. wWGgi wfZGii Ask Õ¼œQ ‰es Kzmyg gvSLvGb ^vKGj
L gyiwM wWGg Zv w`GZ emGj N¥Ÿvi ci N¥Ÿv wWGgi Dci ˆmB wWg dzUvGbvi RbÅ DchyÚ|
eGm ^vGK ‰es wWg ˆQGo evmv ˆ^GK ˆei nGZ Pvq bv| ‰ 9. dzUvGbv wWg MÉxÓÃKvGj 3-4 w`b ‰es kxZKvGj 7-10
mgq w`Gb `y’evi gyiwMGK cwiÓ•vi cvwb ‰es cÉPzi cwigvGY w`Gbi ˆewk Rgv KGi ivLv wVK bq| ‰i ˆ^GK ˆewk w`b
`vbvkmÅ I Pzbvcv^i àuGov ˆLGZ w`GZ nGe| Rgv ivLGj wWGgi evœPv dzUvi ÞgZv bÓ¡ nGq hvq|
10. `ƒieZÆx Õ©vb ˆ^GK wWg AvbGj Zv mGã mGã bv w`Gq
‰RbÅ Lv`Å I cvwbi cvò evGÝi KvGQ ˆiGL w`GZ nGe| wKQy mgq ivLvi ci dzUvGbvi RbÅ emvGZ nq|
gyiwMGK AbÅvbÅ Lv`Å ‰ mgq bv ˆLGZ ˆ`qvB fvGjv| KviY, DcGi ewYÆZ civgkÆ AbymiY KGi ˆnGjbv mwVKfvGe wWg
ZvGZ gyiwM cvZjv cvqLvbv KGi wWgàGjv bÓ¡ KGi w`GZ cvGi| dzUvGZ cviGeb|
cÉ^Gg 36 N¥Ÿvi ci cÉGZÅK w`b A¯¦Z ‰Kevi KGi 15-20
wgwbGUi RbÅ gyiwMGK evÝ ˆ^GK mwiGq Avbv DwPZ| ‰GZ
gyiwMi Aemv` wKQyUv `ƒi nGe ‰es evBGi cvqLvbv KGi AvGm|
dGj wWg I evmv ˆbvsiv nq bv| ZGe, emvGbvi 19 Zg w`b
ˆ^GK gyiwMGK Avi mivGbv DwPZ bq|
M AvGqkv ˆeMg wWg dzUvGbvi RbÅ cÉvK‡wZK c«¬wZ eÅenvi cÉk² 20 nvwmbv Zvi msmvGi mœQjZv wdwiGq Avbvi RGbÅ
KGib| ‰ c«¬wZGZ ‰KUv myÕ© mej KzGPu gyiwMi wbGP 8-
10wU cwiÓ•vi wbwlÚ wWg emvGbv nq| cÉv^wgK chÆvGq ‰KwU eËÅvK ‰bwRI ˆ^GK FY wbGq ‰KwU ˆjqvi Lvgvi MGo
Szwo ev ˆQvU MvgjvGZ LoKzUv I cvZv w`Gq cƒYÆ Kiv nq|
SzwoGZ nvZ w`Gq MZÆ evwbGq gyiwM emvi DchyÚ big weQvbv ˆZvGjb| wZwb eËÅvK AvGqvwRZ KgÆkvjvq wbqwgZ ˆhvM ˆ`b|
ŠZwi KiGZ nq| Zvici gyiwMi evmvwU NGii wbRÆb ˆKvGY
ivLGZ nGe ˆhb gyiwM evBGii ˆKvjvnjgyÚ ^vGK| gyiwMi ˆmLvGbi eÚv ˆcvwΟÈi AwaK wWg Drcv`Gb mylg LvG`Åi
emvi Õ©vGb 40 ˆmwg eÅvm I 10 ˆmwg MfxiZv wewkÓ¡ nGe|
AvqZb ˆewk nGj wWg MovGe, wWg dzUvGbvGZ evav m†wÓ¡ nGe f„wgKvi cvkvcvwk ˆivM cÉwZGivGai welqwUGK meÆvwaK ài‚Z½
I wWg ˆfGOI ˆhGZ cvGi| gyiwMGK wWGg emvGbvi cƒGeÆ
`vbv`vi Lvevi I cvwb LvIqvGZ nGe| 8-10 w`b ci ci mnKvGi ZGz j aGib| Zvici nvwmbv Zvi cÉwkÞYjº¬ ævb
mƒGhÆi AvGjvq wWg cixÞv KGi wbGZ nGe| 21-30 w`Gbi
gGaÅ wWg ˆ^GK evœPv dzGU ˆei nq| wbR LvgvGi cÉGqvM KGi mdj nb| wkLbdj-7 I 13
K. ˆjqvi Kx? 1
L. ˆjqvi gyiwMi mylg LvG`Å wSbyGKi àou v ˆ`Iqv nq
A͸ msLÅK wWg dzUvGbvi ˆÞGò ‰ c«¬wZ DcGhvMx| ZGe ‰ ˆKb? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2
c«¬wZGZ wWg dzUvGbvi ˆÞGò weGkl mZKÆZv AejÁ¼b KiGZ
M. nvwmbv Zvi eËÅvK KgÆkvjvi AwfæZvGK mdj ˆjqvi
nq| ˆhgb ‰K eQGii Kg eqmx gyiwM «¼viv wWg emvGbv
hvGe bv| cvjK e`jvGbv AeÕ©vqI emvGbv hvGe bv| evœPv Lvgvi Õ©vcGb KxfvGe KvGR jvwMGqwQGjb? eÅvLÅv
dzUvGbvi RbÅ ivGò gyiwMi wWg emvGZ nGe| KxUbvkK ˆhgb-
MÅvgvwÝb, ˆmvwWqvg ˆKvÑ ivBW àou v ˆÕ·É KGi gyiwM I gyiwMi KGiv| 3
evmv ˆkvab KiGZ nGe|
N. eËÅvK KgÆkvjvi eÚv ˆcvwΟÈi ˆivM cÉwZGivGai
welqwUGK AwaK ài‚Z½ w`GqwQGjb ˆKb? eÅvLÅv
KGiv| 4
ˆcvwÎŸÈ cvjb 15
20 bs cÉGk²i Dîi KGg hvIqvq gvsm Drcv`bI nËvm cvq| ZvB Lvgvi Õ©vcb
Kivi cƒGeÆB nuvm-gyiwMi wewf®² cÉKvi ˆivM ‰es ‰ mKj ˆivM
K ˆjqvi nGjv AwaK wWg Drcv`Gbi DGóGkÅ cvwjZ cÉwZGiva mÁ·wKÆZ ævb ^vKv AZů¦ cÉGqvRb| ˆKvGbv Lvgvwii
evwYwRÅK gyiwM| ˆcvwΟÈi ˆivM cÉwZGiva mÁ·wKÆZ mwVK ævb ^vKGj Lvgvi
ˆ^GK Zvi jvfevb nIqvi mÁ¿vebv ˆewk ^vGK| eËvK AvGqvwRZ
L ˆjqvi gyiwM wWg cvov ÷i‚ KiGj ‰G`i ˆ`Gni RGbÅ cÉPzi KgÆkvjvi eÚv ˆivM cÉwZGivGai welqwUGK AwaK ài‚Z½
cwigvY KÅvjwmqvGgi cÉGqvRb nq| w`GqwQGjb, KviY AwaKvsk bZzb Lvgvwii ˆivM cÉwZGiva
eÅeÕ©v mÁ·wKÆZ ˆKvGbv weGkl ævb ^vGK bv| wK¯§ ˆivM
wWGgi ˆLvmv MVGbi ‰KwU ài‚Zc½ ƒYÆ Dcv`vb nGjv cÉwZGiva mÁ·wKÆZ ævb ivLv Lvgvi Õ©vcGbi RGbÅ meGPGq
KÅvjwmqvg| ‰i AfvGe wWGgi ˆLvmv myMwVZ nq bv| ài‚Zc½ ƒYÆ welqàGjvi gGaÅ ‰KwU|
KÅvjwmqvGgi ‰ Pvwn`v cƒiGYi ‰KwU AZů¦ ài‚Zc½ ƒYÆ Drm
nGjv wSbyGKi àou v| wSbyGKi àou v LvIqvGj wWg Drcv`bKvix A^Ævr LvgvwiG`i A^Æ‹bwZK ÞwZ ‰ovGZ KgÆkvjvi eÚv
gyiwMi KÅvjwmqvGgi Pvwn`v cƒiY nq ‰es wWGgi MVb wVK ˆcvwΟÈi ˆivM cÉwZGivGai welqwUGK AwaK ài‚Z½ w`GqwQGjb|
^vGK| ‰ KviGY ˆjqvi wWg cvov ÷i‚ KiGj mylg LvG`Å
wSbyGKi àuov ˆ`Iqv nq| cÉk² 21 bvwRi Dwób 500 eËqjvGii evœPv wbGq ‰KwU
M nvwmbv ˆeMg ‰bwRI ˆ^GK FY wbGq ‰KwU ˆjqvi Lvgvi ˆcvwÎŸÈ Lvgvi MGo ˆZvGjb| wZwb evœPvàGjvGK wbGÁ²vÚ Lvevi
MGo ˆZvGjb| wZwb wbGÁ²vÚfvGe mdjfvGe ˆjqvi Lvgvi
mieivn KGib
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1. wmivR mvGne ŠcwòK RwgGZ Lvgvi KGiwQGjb| Lv`Å DcKiY cwigvY Lv`Å DcKiY cwigvY
2. Lvgvi KiGZ ˆh gƒjab cÉGqvRb Zv wZwb ‰bwRI ˆ^GK
1. Mg fvOv 8.00 5. ev`vg ev 120 MÉvg
FY wbGqwQGjb|
3. wZwb NGii mKj Avmevecò, Lvevi I cvwbi cvò ˆKwR mqvweb wgj
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4. ˆjqviGK wZwb mwVK wbqGg mylg Lv`Å w`GZb ‰es w`Gb
Kzuov ˆKwR
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KiGZb|
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Pzb wQwUGq w`GZb|
DchyÆÚ KviGY nvwmbv ˆeMGgi ˆjqvi LvgvGii gyiwMàGjv àuov ˆKwR LwbR wgkÉY
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‰fvGe wZwb Zvi AwfæZvGK KvGR jvwMGq Zvi Lvgvi ˆ^GK ˆgvU 10 ˆKwR
jvfevb nGqwQGjb|
dGj gyiwMàGjvi Š`wnK e†w«¬ AÕ¼vfvweKfvGe eÅvnZ nq I
N ˆcvwΟÈi ˆivM cÉwZKvi AGcÞv ˆivM cÉwZGiva AGbK mnR
‰es mvkÉqx ZvB KgÆkvjvi eÚv ˆcvwΟÈi ˆivM cÉwZGivGai ˆ`Gn bvbv mgmÅv ˆ`Lv ˆ`q| eËqjviàGjv ‰fvGe Kvw›LZ
welqwUGK AwaK ài‚Z½ w`GqwQGjb|
gvòvq e†w«¬ jvf bv Kivq wZwb DcGRjv cÉvYxmÁ·` KgÆKZvÆ i
gyiwM cvjGbi ˆgŒwjK mgmÅvàGjvi gGaÅ ˆivM AbÅZg|
AvgvG`i ˆ`Gk cÉwZeQi gyiwM wewf®² msKÌvgK ˆivGM AvKvÌ ¯¦ mvG^ cigkÆ KGib| KgÆKZÆv bvwRi DwóbGK mylg LvG`Åi
nq| ‰i gGaÅ fvBivmNwUZ, eÅvKGUwiqvNwUZ, QòvKRwbZ
ˆivM AbÅZg| ‰Qvov gyiwM ciRxexNwUZ I AcywÓ¡RwbZ ài‚Z½ I ŠZwii wbqgvewj eywSGq ˆ`b|B wkLbdj-7 I 13
ˆivGMI AvKvÌ ¯¦ nq| ‰mGei gGaÅ wKQy ˆivGMi wPwKrmv AvGQ
Avevi wKQy ˆivGMi wPwKrmvI ˆbB| AGbK ˆivGMi wPwKrmv K. wWc wjUvi KvGK eGj? 1
eÅqeüj nIqvi `i‚b Lvgvwiiv wPwKrmv KiGZ eÅ^Æ nb| dGj
gyiwM gviv hvq| L. “msKÌvgK ˆivGMi cÉwZKvGii ˆPGq cÉwZGivaB
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KiGjI ˆZgb fvGjv dj cvIqv hvq bv| ˆivMvKvÌ ¯¦ nuvm-
gyiwMi wWg Drcv`Gbi ÞgZvI KGg hvq| ‰Qvov ˆ`Gni IRb M. bvwRi DwóGbi gyiwMàGjvi Kx mgmÅv nGqwQj?
eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3
N. DóxcGK DwÍÏwLZ eËqjvGii Lv`Å ZvwjKvi h^v^ÆZv
gƒjÅvqb KGiv| 4
21 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
K gyiwM cvjGbi RbÅ NGii ˆgGSGZ 6-9 Bwç (15-23
ˆmwg) cyi‚ cÉvK‡wZK ˆh weQvbv ŠZwi Kiv nq ZvGK wWc wjUvi
eGj| A
L ˆh mgÕ¦ ˆivM AmyÕ© nuvm-gyiwMi ˆ`n ˆ^GK msÕ·GkÆ ev
wewf®² evnGKi gvaÅGg myÕ© nuvm-gyiwMi ˆ`Gn `Ë‚Z QwoGq cGo
ˆmàGjvGK msKÌvgK ˆivM eGj|
16 cvGéix m†Rbkxj K‡wlwkÞv w«¼Zxq cò ‰Kv`k-«¼v`k ˆkÉwY
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ˆÞGò jÞY cÉKvGki mvG^ mvG^ wPwKrmv KivGj nuvm-gyiwM
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ˆivM ‰Kevi msKÌwgZ nGq ˆMGj wPwKrmv Kivi ˆPGq hvGZ
ˆivM nGZ bv cvGi ˆm eÅeÕ©v ˆbqvB Dîg| ZvB Õ¼vÕ©ÅmÁÃZ ejGjb cÉviwÁ¿K LiP ˆewk nGjI cÉvK‡wZK c«¬wZ nGZ ‰
jvjb-cvjb, mylg Lv`Å cÉ`vb I myÕ© nuvm-gyiwMGK wbqg
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Dcvq| ‰RbÅ ejv nq “msKÌvgK ˆivGMi cÉwZKvGii ˆPGq
cÉwZGivaB Dîg”| A K. cÉvK‡wZK c«¬wZGZ wWg dzUvGZ KZ w`b mgq jvGM?1
L. gyiwMi ivZKvbv ˆivGMi KviY I cÉwZKvi ˆjGLv| 2
M. w`GbGki evevi wWg dzUvGbvi c«¬wZwU eÅvLÅv KGiv|3
N. w`GbGki evevi DwÚwU gƒjÅvqb KGiv| 4
22 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
M bvwRi Dwób Zvi gyiwMàGjvGK h^vh^ wbqGg I cwigvGY K 21-30 w`b|
mylg Lv`Å cÉ`vb bv Kivq gyiwMàGjv AcywÓ¡GZ ˆfvGM|
L gyiwMi ivZKvbv ˆivM wfUvwgb ‘‰’ ‰i AfvGe nq|
nuvm-gyiwMi AwaK gvsm I wWg Drcv`Gbi RbÅ cywÓ¡Ki mylg
LvG`Åi ‰Kv¯¦ cÉGqvRb| mylg LvG`Å cwiwgZ Avwgl, kKÆiv, ‰ ˆivGMi cÉwZKvi:
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RvZ, cÉKvi, eqm I IRb Abyhvqx DÚ Lv`Å Dcv`vbmgƒGni
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nuvm-gyiwMi mylg LvG`Å ‰K ev ‰KvwaK Dcv`vGbi NvUwZ nGj ˆ^GK giy wMGK iÞv Kiv hvq|
ZvG`i Drcv`Gb eÅvNvZ NGU A^Ævr nuvm-gyiwM AcywÓ¡GZ
3. gyiwMi ˆikGb njy` fzëv ˆhvM KiGZ nGe|
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‰i AfvGe ˆgviM-gyiwMi Š`wnK IRb KGg hvq, `†wÓ¡kwÚ nËvm
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Kg ^vGK| DcwiDÚ mylg LvG`Åi AfvGeB bvwRi DwóGbi ˆKGivwmb BbwKDGeUGi ‘BD’ AvK‡wZ ZvGii mvnvGhÅ wWg
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e†w«¬ Kg nq| B
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ˆei nq| cÉwZevi evœPv dzUvGbvi AvGM DcGi RxevYybvkK
‰GÞGò mycvwikK‡Z cwigvY nGe B Ilya wgwkÉZ cvwb w`Gq cwiÓ•vi KiGZ nGe| mÁ·ƒYÆ ˆivMgyÚ
Lv`Å DcKiY cwigvY Lv`Å DcKiY cwigvY Kivi RbÅ BbwKDGeUi wdDwgGMkb KiGZ nGe|
cÉwZ 100 NbdzU AvqZb wewkÓ¡ BbwKDGeUGii RbÅ 80 wm
1. Mg fvOv 4.70 ˆKwR 5. ev`vg ev 200 MÉvg wm digvwjGbi mvG^ 40 MÉvg cUvwkqvg cvigÅvãvGbU
BbwKDGeUGi ˆiGL w`GZ nq| ZvGZ hG¯¨i ˆivMRxevYy gGi
mqvweb wgj hvq|
2. PvGji wgwn 1.70 ˆKwR 6. wSbyK P„YÆ 200 MÉvg N w`GbGki evev K‡wòg c«¬wZGZ wWg dzUvq| wZwb w`GbkGK
eGjb ‰ c«¬wZi cÉviwÁ¿K LiP ˆewk nGjI cÉvK‡wZK c«¬wZ
Kzuov
nGZ ‰ c«¬wZi AGbK ˆewk myweav iGqGQ|
3. wZGji ŠLj 1.25 ˆKwR 7. jeY 25 MÉvg K‡wòg c«¬wZGZ ‰KmvG^ AGbKàGjv wWg dzUvGbv hvq| wWGg
Zv ˆ`Iqvi mgq ˆhme msKÌvgK eÅvwa gyiwM nGZ evœPvi gGaÅ
4. ÷uUwK gvGQi 1.90 ˆKwR 8. wfUvwgb I 25 MvÉ g
àuov LwbR wgkÉY weÕ¦vi jvf Kivi mÁ¿vebv AvGQ Zv ‰ c«¬wZGZ cÉwZGiva Kiv
hvq| eQGii ˆhGKvGbv mgq wWg dzUvGbv hvq| ‰ c«¬wZGZ
ˆgvU 10 ˆKwR me wWg dzGU, ˆKvGbv wWg bÓ¡ nGq hvq bv| ‰GZ wWg fvãv I
DcKiGYi cwigvY mwVK bv nGj AcywÓ¡i KviGY gyiwM evœPv givi mÁ¿vebv ˆbB| ‰ c«¬wZGZ wWg dzUvGbvi RbÅ
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ˆivM nGe| KvGRB mylg LvG`Åi ài‚Z½ I ŠZwii DcwiDÚ
wbqgvewj ˆRGb gyiwMi Lvgvi Õ©vcb Kiv DwPZ| ˆivMvKvÌ ¯¦ nGZ cvGi|
ˆcvwÎŸÈ cvjb 17
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‰GÞGò kwÚkvjx I wbGivM evœPv cvIqv hvq| A^ev ayjvi gGZv Avjv`v nGq SGi bv cGo ZvnGj eySGZ nGe
AZ‰e ejv hvq, w`GbGki evevi DwÚwU h^v^Æ wQj| wjUvGii AeÕ©v fvGjv| cyivGbv wjUvGi cÉwZ 10 NbdzGU 1
ˆKwR nvBGWÈGUW jvBg ev Pzb wgwkÉZ KGi 1 mµ¦vn Rgv KGi
cÉk² 23 Rqbvj NGii ˆgGSGZ ˆgvUv KGi wjUvi wewQGq ivLGj cwi÷«¬ nq| bZzb wjUvGii AfvGe cwi÷«¬ wjUvi
eÅenvi Kiv hvq| NGi DuKzb ˆ`Lv w`Gj MÅvgvwÝb eÅenvi Kiv
Ave«¬ fvGe gyiwM cvjb KiGQ| cvjb ÷i‚ Kivi AvGM ˆm ‰i fvGjv| cÉwZ gyiwMi RbÅ MGo 5 eMÆdzU wjUvi ^vKv DwPZ|
elÆvKvGj wjUvi 8 Bwç cyi‚ ^vKv fvGjv|
cvjb c«¬wZ, wjUvGii DcKiY I cwiPhÆv mÁ·GKÆ cƒYÆ aviYv
cwiGkGl ejv hvq, ‰fvGe RqbvGji cvjbK‡Z c«¬wZGZ
ˆbq| wkLbdj-10 eÅen†Z Dcv`vbwUi cwiPhÆv KiGZ nGe|
K. KÅv´£wjs KvGK eGj? 1 N Rqbvj wWc wjUvi c«¬wZGZ gyiwM cvjb KGi|
L. gyiwMi gyÚ, AaÆ Ave«¬ I Ave«¬ cvjb c«¬wZi ‰ c«¬wZi myweav I AmyweavàGjv wbÁ²i…c
myweav :
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2. wjUvi Rwgi RbÅ DrK‡Ó¡ ŠRe mvi ‰es gvGQi RbÅ
M. RqbvGji cvjbK‡Z c«¬wZGZ eÅen†Z Dcv`vbwUi
DrK‡Ó¡ gvGbi Lv`Å|
cwiPhÆv eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3 3. ‰ c«¬wZGZ weËwWs I eËqjvi gyiwM cvjb AGbK ˆewk
N. DÚ c«¬wZi myweav I Amyweav weGkÏlY KGiv| 4 mnR|
4. wjUvi ˆ^GK evGqvMÅvm ŠZwi Kiv hvq|
23 bs cÉGk²i Dîi 5. gyiwMi weÓ¤vi mvG^ gƒò wjUvi ÷Gl ˆbq eGj Ni ÷Kbv
K AvGjvi mvgGb wWg cixÞv KivGK KÅv´£wjs eGj| ^vGK I `yMÆ®¬ gyÚ ^vGK|
6. gyiwM AvivGg ^vGK| kxGZi w`Gb wjUvi gyiwMG`i kxZ
L gyÚ cvjb eÅeÕ©vq gyiwM gyÚ ev Qvov AeÕ©vq cvjb Kiv
nq| Avevi AaÆgyÚ cvjb eÅeÕ©vq gyiwM AaÆ Qvov ev AaÆ gyÚ ˆ^GK iÞv KGi ‰es MiGgi w`GbI ZvG`i Õ¼wÕ¦ ˆ`q|
AeÕ©vq cvjb Kiv nq| Aciw`GK Ave«¬ cvjGb gyiwM evBGii AvenvIqv ˆ^GK wjUvGii Zvcgvòv Kg ^vGK|
mÁ·ƒYÆ e«¬ AeÕ©vq cvjb Kiv nq| gyiwMi gyÚ, AaÆ Ave«¬ 7. A͸ LiGP ˆewk gyiwM cvjb Kiv hvq|
I Ave«¬ cvjb c«¬wZi cv^ÆKÅ wbÁ²i…c: 8. gyiwMi kixGi DKbz RG¯Ãbv ‰es gyiwMi Õ¼vÕ©Å fvGjv
^vGK|
gyÚ cvjb AaÆ Ave«¬ cvjb Ave«¬ cvjb
Amyweav :
1. ˆ`wk gyiwM 1. ˆ`wk I 1. D®²ZRvGZi 1. kÉwgK LiP ˆewk jvGM|
2. LuvPv c«¬wZi mvG^ Zzjbv KiGj wjUvi c«¬wZGZ gyiwM
cvjb Kiv D®²ZRvZ Dfq gyiwM cvjb
^vKvi RbÅ ˆewk Õ©vGbi cÉGqvRb nq|
jvfRbK aiGbi gyiwM cvjb jvfRbK 3. wjUvi Av`ËÆ nGj AÅvGgvwbqv MÅvm ŠZwi nq, hv gyiwMi
jvfRbK Õ¼vGÕ©Åi RbÅ ÞwZKGiv|
4. Av`ËÆ wjUvi RgvU ˆeuGa hvq| ‰ AeÕ©vq wjUvGii gGaÅ
2. Avjv`vfvGe Ni 2. A͸ LiGP Ni 2. mÁ·ƒYfÆ vGe
ÞwZKi RxevYy `Ë‚Z esk weÕ¦vi KGi gyiwMG`i AvKÌv¯¦
ŠZwi ‰es evBGi ŠZwi Kiv hvq wK¯§ mieivnK‡Z LvG`Åi KGi|
5. wjUvGii mwVK cwiPhvÆ bv KiGj wWg Drcv`Gbi nvi KGg
ˆ^GK Lv`Å Lv`Å mieivGni Ici wbfÆikxj hvq| gyiwMi gZ† zÅnvi evGo ‰es AmyÕ© nq|
6. cyivGbv wjUvi cwi÷«¬ bv KGi eÅenvi KiGj gyiwM
mieivGni cÉGqvRb cÉGqvRb nq ‰es Ni ŠZwi wewf®² ˆivGM AvKÌv¯¦ nq|
nq bv eÅqeüj LvG`Åi cwiGkGl ejv hvq, wWc wjUvGii wKQy Amyweav ^vKGjI ‰
c«¬wZGZ gyiwM cvjGbi myweav AGbK|
Ici wbfÆikxj
M Rqbvj wWc wjUvi c«¬wZGZ gyiwM cvjb KGi|
ˆm NGii ˆgGSGZ ˆgvUv KGi wjUvi wewQGq Ave«¬fvGe cvjb
KGi| ‰ cvjb c«¬wZGZ mwVKfvGe wjUvGii cwiPhvÆ KiGZ
nGe| gyiwM w`ev-ivwò gj ZÅvM KGi, KvGRB ˆivM nIqv
Õ¼vfvweK| ZvB cÉwZ mµ¦vGn ‰Kevi ˆPvLv jvwV w`Gq wjUvi
LyuwPGq IjUcvjU KGi w`GZ nGe| ‰GZ gyiwM Õ¼vœQ±«¼Geva
KiGe| wWc wjUvi c«¬wZGZ KLGbv Svo~ w`Gq cvqLvbv ˆdGj
ˆ`Iqv nq bv| cvqLvbvi mvG^ wjUvi wgwkÉZ nGq hZ cyivGbv
nq ZZ Zvi àYvàY cÉKvwkZ nq| wWc wjUvi c«¬wZGZ wjUvi
KLbI RgvU euvaGZ w`GZ ˆbB| wjUvGii gGaÅ cvwb coGj
A^ev e†wÓ¡i QvU XzGK wjUvi wfGR ˆMGj wfRv wjUvi ZzGj
18 cvGéix m†Rbkxj K‡wlwkÞv w«¼Zxq cò ‰Kv`k-«¼v`k ˆkÉwY
cÉk² 24 AvGjqv ˆeMg ‰KRb Av`kÆ M†wnYx| wZwb evwoGZ N DóxcGK DwÍÏwLZ AvGjqv ˆeMGgi jovBGqi RbÅ weLÅvZ
RvZ nGjv Avwmj RvGZi gyiwM| wbGP Avwmj RvGZi gyiwMi
gyiwM cvjb KGi Õ¼vejÁx¼ nGqGQb| ‰KwU NGi wZwb AGbK Drcwî I ŠewkÓ¡Å ˆ`Iqv nGjv:
ˆgviM-gyiwM cvjb KGib| ‰i gGaÅ ‰KwU jovBGqi RbÅ
weLÅvZ RvZ iGqGQ| ‰RbÅ ZvGK evowZ ˆKvGbv A^Æ I kÉg Drcwî: evsjvG`k ‰es fviZ ‰G`i R¯Ãf„wg| PëMÉvg I
eËvþYevwoqv ˆRjvq ˆewk ˆ`Lv hvq|
eÅq KiGZ nq bv| wZwb ‰KvB me w`K mvgjvb| gyiwM I ŠewkÓ¡Å:
i. Mjv I cv `ywU jÁ¼v| ii. KvGbi jwZ ˆQvU I jvj|
wWg wewKiÌ AG^Æ wZwb Avw^ÆK mœQjZv ARÆb KGib| iii. cvGq cvjK ^vGK bv ‰es gv^vi SzuwU ˆQvU|
iv. ‰iv AvKvGi ˆek eo, gvsmj ‰es cwikÉgx I KÕ¡mwnúz
wkLbdj-11
nq|
K. ˆcvwÎŸÈ Kx? 1 v. cvjK Kg ‰es cvjGKi is jvj, KvGjv ev wgkÉ iGOi|
vi. ˆgviM 4-4.5 ˆKwR I gyiwM 3-3.5 ˆKwR IRGbi nq|
L. nuvGmi gvsm Drcv`bKvix RvGZi mvaviY
ŠewkÓ¡Åmgnƒ DGÍÏL KGiv| 2
M. DóxcGK AvGjqv ˆeMg ˆKvb c«¬wZGZ gyiwM cvjb
KGib? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3
N. DóxcGK DwÍÏwLZ AvGjqv ˆeMGgi jovBGqi RbÅ cÉk² 25 ˆRÅvrÕv² i gyiwMàGjv nVvr KGi AmyÕ© nGq covq
weLÅvZ RvZ ˆKvbwU? DÚ RvGZi Drcwî I ŠewkÓ¡Å ˆm Õ©vbxq c÷ WvÚvGii kiYvc®² nq| WvÚvi ZvGK ejj wbD
AvGjvPbv KGiv| 4 KÅvmj bvgK fvBivGmi msKÌgGY ‰i…c nGqGQ ‰es ‰ ˆivM
24 bs cÉGk²i Dîi cÉwZGivGa we.wm.Avi.wW.wf ‰es Avi.wW.wf wUKv ˆ`Iqv nq|
K ˆcvwÎŸÈ ejGZ cvwLi H mgÕ¦ M†ncvwjZ cÉRvwZGK ˆevSvq wkLbdj-12
hviv wWg I gvsm Drcv`b KGi gvbylGK Avw^ÆK w`K w`Gq
mvnvhÅ KGi ‰es gvbyGli Zî½veavqGb ˆ^GK `Ë‚Z eske†w«¬ K. AÕ¡ÈvjcÆ RvGZi gyiwM Drcwî ˆKv^vq? 1
KGi|
L. KxfvGe MvgGevGiv ˆivGM AvKÌv¯¦ gyiwMi kbvÚ Kiv
hvq? 2
L ˆhme RvGZi nuvm ÷aygvò gvsm Drcv`Gbi RbÅ eÅen†Z M. ˆRÅvrÕ²vi gyiwMàGjv ˆh ˆivGM AvKÌv¯¦ Zvi jÞYmgƒn
nq ZvGK gvsm Drcv`bKvix RvZ ejv nq|
eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3
nuvGmi gvsm Drcv`bKvix RvZ `Ë‚Z eaÆbkxj nq| ‰G`i
Lv`ÅGK gvsGm i…cv¯¦Gii ÞgZv ˆewk ^vGK| ‰iv wWg Kg N. DóxcGK DwÍÏwLZ ˆivGMi wPwKrmvq eÅen†Z wUKv
ˆ`q, ZGe wWGgi AvKvi eo nq| ‰G`i ˆ`Gn PweiÆ cwigvY
ˆewk, eyK PIov I gvsmj nq| ‰iv kvK-mewRi cvZv ˆLGZ cÉ`vb c«¬wZ AvGjvPbv KGiv| 4
ˆewk cQ±` KiGjI ˆewkÞY PGi ˆLGZ cvGi bv|
25 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
K AÕ¡ÈvjcÆ RvGZi gyiwMi Drcwî ˆMÉU weËGUGb|
M DóxcGK AvGjqv ˆeMg evowZ ˆKvGbv A^Æ I kÉg Qvov L MvgGevGiv ˆivM gyiwMi gvivñK fvBivmRwbZ ˆivM| ‰
ˆgviM-gyiwM cvjb KGi| A^Ævr wZwb gyÚ c«¬wZGZ gyiwM ˆivGMi Aci bvg BbGdKmvm evimvj wWwRR|
cvjb KGib| ‰ ˆivGM AvKvÌ ¯¦ gyiwMàGjvi cÉPí `yMÆ®¬hyÚ cvZjv cvqLvbv
nq I gj«¼vGii cvGki cvjK ˆfRv ^vGK| kixGii Zvcgvòv
gyÚ cvjb c«¬wZGZ ˆgviM-gyiwMGK mvivw`b Õ¼vaxbfvGe NyGi e†w«¬ cvq, wSgvq I ˆPvL eyuGR ^vGK, wccvmv evGo| AvKvÌ ¯¦
ˆeovGZ ˆ`Iqv nq ‰es ivGZi ˆejvq ˆmàGjvGK NGi ivLv nq| gyiwMi kixGi Kuvcywb ˆ`Lv ˆ`q| cvGqi wMU dzGj ˆhGZ cvGi
M†nGÕ©i evwo, evwoi AvGk-cvGki ˆÞGZ, ivÕ¦vq Õ¼vaxbfvGe ‰es ˆLvu ovGZ ^vGK| ‰me jÞY ˆ`GLB MvgGeviv ˆivGM
gyiwM NyGi ˆeovq ‰es ˆmme RvqMv I AveRÆbv ˆ^GK Lvevi AvKÌv¯¦ gyiwM kbvÚ Kiv hvq|
LyuGR Lvq| ‰ c«¬wZGZ gyiwMi Lv`Å I cwiPhvÆ i RbÅ ˆKvGbv
evowZ ˆjvK jvGM bv| mKvGj gyiwMi NGii `iRv LyGj DVvGb M ˆRÅvrÕ²vi gyiwMàGjvi ivYxGÞZ ˆivM nGqGQ| wbDKÅvmj
wKQy Lvevi ˆLGZ ˆ`Iqv nq| ‰ Lvevi ˆLGq gyiwMàGjv evBGi bvgK fvBivm ivYxGÞZ ˆivGMi KviY|
PGj hvq ‰es m®¬Åvq wdGi ‰Gj Avevi wKQy Lvevi ˆLGZ ˆ`Iqv ‰ ˆivM ˆKvGbv ‰jvKvq ˆ`Lv w`Gj 5-7 w`Gbi gGaÅ ‰jvKvi
nq| ZGe ˆmme Lvevi Ni ˆ^GKB ˆ`Iqv nq| ‰me LvevGii mgÕ¦ ˆgviM-gyiwM AvKvÌ ¯¦ nGq gviv ˆhGZ cvGi| ‰ ˆivGMi
gGaÅ fvZ, Pvj fvOv, ‰GUv ZiKvwi BZÅvw` ˆ`Iqv nq| dGj
‰LvGb evowZ ˆKvGbv A^Æ I kÉg eÅq KiGZ nq bv, evwoi jÞYàGjv wbÁ²i…c
AbÅvbÅ me KvGRi gGaÅ gyiwM cvjb Kiv hvq| 1. gyL w`Gq jvjv cGo, nuvwP nq, Kvwk, bvK w`Gq ˆkÏÓÃv SGi|
2. gyiwM PzGbi gZ gjZÅvM KGi|
ZvB ejv hvq, AvGjqv ˆeMg gyÚ cvjb c«¬wZGZ ˆgviM-gyiwM 3. k¼vm-cÉk¼vm `Ë‚Z nq, nv KGi wbk¼vm ˆbq, kixGii Zvcgvòv
cvjb KGi|
evGo|
4. AGbK mgq kv¼ m ˆbIqvi mgq ‘No No’ kõ nq|
5. 2/1 w`Gbi gGaÅB giy wMi g†ZzÅ nq|
ˆcvwÎŸÈ cvjb 19
6. gyiwM LvIqv `vIqv ˆQGo ˆ`q ‰es gv^v wbPz I ˆPvL e®¬ K. wPGò c`É wkÆZ gyiwMi ˆivMwUi bvg Kx? 1
KGi wSgvGZ ^vGK|
L. ˆcvwÎŸÈ LvgvGi ŠRe wbivcîv ejGZ Kx ˆevS? 2
7. Wvbv wbGPi w`GK SzGj cGo, cvjK AwebÅÕ¦ ^vGK|
8. Nvo ˆeuGK hvq, gv^v NyivGZ ^vGK ‰es LyuwoGq PGj| M. wPGò cÉ`wkÆZ ˆivM wbq¯¨GY Kx Kx c`GÞc ˆbIqv
9. gyiwMi wWg Drcv`b KGg hvq, ‰gbwK e®¬I nGq hvq|
10. myÕ© cvwL nVvr KK& kGõ DcGi jvd ˆ`q, Zvici gviv cÉGqvRb Zv DcÕ©vcb KGiv| 3
hvq| N. wPGò cÉ`wkÆZ ˆivGMi cÉwZGlaK wUKvi cwiwPwZ I
DcwiDÚ jÞYàGjvi AvGjvGK gyiwMi ivYxGÞZ ˆivM mbvÚ
Kiv mÁ¿e| eÅenvi mÁ·GKÆ AvGjvPbv KGiv| 4
N DóxcGK DwÍÏwLZ ˆivMwU nGjv ivYxGÞZ|
wbqwgZ cÉwZGlaK wUKv w`Gq gyiwMGK ivYxGÞZ ˆivGMi nvZ 26 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
ˆ^GK euvPvGbv hvq| mKj miKvwi c÷ nvmcvZvGj ‰ ˆivGMi
wUKv cvIqv hvq| ‰ ˆivGMi wUKv `yB cÉKvi nGq ^vGK, h^v K wPGò cÉ`wkÆZ gyiwMi ˆivMwUi bvg ivYxGÞZ ˆivM|
1. BCRDV (Baby Chicks Ranikhet Disease Vaccine)
2. RDV (Ranikhet Disease Vaccine) L ˆcvwÎŸÈ LvgvGi ŠRe wbivcîv ejGZ LvgvGi nuvm-gyiwMi
1. BCRDV: ˆQvU evœPvGK ‰ wUKv w`GZ nq| mvaviYZ 4- ˆivM cÉwZGiva I cÉwZKvi eÅeÕ©vGK eySvq|
6 w`b eqGm ‰ ˆivGMi wUKv ˆ`Iqv nq| ‰ wUKvi ˆivM ŠRe wbivcîvi gGaÅ iGqGQ- meÆ`v LvgvGi nuvm-gyiwMi
cÉwZGiva ÞgZv evœPvi 2 gvm eqm chƯ¦ ^vGK| fvqvj myÕ¼vÕ©Å wbwøZ Kiv| LvgvGii Afů¦Gii cwiGek h^vmÁ¿e
ev ‰Á·yGji 0.3 wgwj wUKvexR 6 wmwm cwigvY wWwաΣ Õ¼vÕ©ÅmÁÃZ I RxevYygyÚ ivLv| LvgvGi cÉGeGki ˆÞGò mGevÆ œP
cvwbGZ àGj WÈcvGii mvnvGhÅ ‰K ˆPvGL ‰K ˆdvUv w`GZ cÉwZGiva eÅeÕ©v wnGmGe RxevYybvkK KvhKÆ Ìg cvjbKvix|
nq| 21 w`b ci AbÅ ˆPvGL AvGiK ˆduvUv wUKv w`GZ ˆcvwÎŸÈ LvgvGi ˆivM eÅeÕ©vcbv ˆgŒwjK mgmÅvàGjvi gGaÅ
nq| AbÅZg| ZvB ˆcvwÎŸÈ LvgvGii gvwjKMY hw` ˆivM cÉwZGiva I
2. RDV: `yB gvGmi ˆewk eqGmi mKj gyiwMGK ‰ wUKv cÉwZKvi mÁG¼ ®¬ ævZ ^vGKb ZGe ˆm Lvgvi jvfRbK chÆvGq
w`GZ nq| ‰ wUKv 4 gvm cici w`GZ nq| fvqvGji ev ^vGK|
‰Á·yGji 0.3 wgwj wUKv exR cÉ^Gg 100 wmwm wWwաΣ
cvwbGZ fvGjvfvGe ˆgkvGZ nGe| Zvici gyiwMi ivGbi M wPGò cÉ`wkÆZ ˆivMwU nGjv gyiwMi ivYxGÞZ|
gvsGm ‰K wmwm BbGRKkb w`GZ nGe| wUKv cvwbGZ
wgkvGbv ev eÅenvGii mgq hvGZ mivmwi mƒGhÆi AvGjv bv ivYxGÞZ ˆivM wbq¯¨GY ˆhme c`GÞc ˆbIqv cÉGqvRGb Zv
jvGM ˆmw`GK jÞ ivLGZ nGe| KviY mƒGhÆi AvGjvGZ
wUKvi KvhKÆ vwiZv bÓ¡ nGq hvq| wbGP DcÕ©vcb Kiv nGjv
DwÍÏwLZ AvGjvPbvi gvaÅGg gyiwMi ivYxGÞZ ˆivGMi wUKvi 1. AvKÌv¯¦ gyiwMGK myÕ© gyiwM ˆ^GK c†^K KGi wPwKrmvi
cwiwPwZ I eÅenvi mÁ¼G®¬ Rvbv hvq|
cÉk² 26 eÅeÕ©v KiGZ nGe|
2. g†Z gyiwM ˆhLvGb ˆmLvGb bv ˆdGj gvwUGZ cGyu Z ˆdjGZ
wkLbdj-13
nGe|
3. ‰ ˆivGMi goGKi cƒGeÆB wbqwgZ cÉwZGlaK wUKv w`GZ
nGe|
4. AvKÌv¯¦ I myÕ© Dfq gyiwMGK gvGS gGaÅ cUvk wgkvGbv
cvwb LvIqvGbv ˆhGZ cvGi|
5. gyiwMi dvGgÆ `kbÆ v^xÆi hvZvqvZ e®¬ KiGZ nGe|
6. ˆivMRxevYyi Drm ˆei Kiv I Zv wbgƒÆj Kivi ˆPÓ¡v KiGZ
nGe|
7. RxevYybvkK c`v^Æ «¼viv AvKÌv¯¦ cvwLi evmbcò I
miévgvw` cwiÓ•vi KiGZ nGe|
8. AmyÕ© gyiwM AbÅ ˆKv^vI Õ©vbv¯¦i ev evRvGi wewKÌ Kiv
hvGe bv|
9. ˆivMvKvÌ ¯¦ ev g†Z gyiwMi Ni RxevYybvkK Ilay «¼viv
cwiÓ•vi KiGZ nGe|
10. myÕ© nuvm-gyiwMGK wbqwgZ msKÌvgK ˆivGMi wUKv w`GZ
nGe|
DwÍÏwLZ cÉwZGiva I cÉwZKvi eÅeÕ©vcbvi gvaÅGg gyiwMi
ivYxGÞZ ˆivM wbq¯¨Y Kiv hvq|
20 cvGéix m†Rbkxj K‡wlwkÞv w«¼Zxq cò ‰Kv`k-«¼v`k ˆkÉwY
N wPGò cÉ`wkÆZ gyiwMwU ivYxGÞZ ˆivGM AvKÌv¯¦| ivYxGÞZ ˆivGM AvKÌv¯¦ gyiwMi 3wU ŠewkÓ¡ÅcƒYÆ jÞY nGjv
1. gyL w`Gq jvjv cGo, nuvwP, Kvwk, bvK w`Gq ˆkÏÓÃv SGi
wbqwgZ cÉwZGlaK wUKv w`Gq gyiwMGK ivYxGÞZ ˆivGMi nvZ
ˆ^GK euvPvGbv hvq| mKj miKvwi c÷ nvmcvZvGj ‰ ˆivGMi ‰es k¼vm-cÉk¼vm `Ë‚Z nq, nv KGi wbtk¼vm ˆbq, kixGii
Zvcgvòv evGo|
wUKv cvIqv hvq| ‰ ˆivGMi wUKv `yB cÉKvi nGq ^vGK, h^v 2. ˆPvL e®¬ KGi wSgvq| PzGbi gGZv mv`v iGOi cvZjv
1. BCRDV (Baby Chicks Ranikhet Disease Vaccine) cvqLvbv nq ‰RbÅ AGbK RvqMvq ‰ ˆivMGK Pzbv nvMv
2. RDV (Ranikhet Disease Vaccine) ˆivMI eGj|
1. BCRDV: ˆQvU evœPvGK ‰ wUKv w`GZ nq| mvaviYZ 4- 3. gj«¼vGi mv`v gj ˆjG¶Ÿ ^vGK I Wvbv SzGj cGo| cvjK
AwebÅÕ¦ AeÕ©vq ^vGK|
6 w`b eqGm ‰ ˆivGMi wUKv ˆ`Iqv nq| ‰ wUKvi ˆivM
cÉwZGiva ÞgZv evœPvi 2 gvm eqm chƯ¦ ^vGK| fvqvj DwÍÏwLZ AvGjvPbvi AvGjvGK ivYxGÞZ ˆivGM AvKvÌ ¯¦ gyiwMi
ev ‰Á·yGji 0.3 wg.wj. wUKvexR 6 wm.wm. cwigvY jÞYmgƒn chÆGeÞY Kiv hvq|
wWwաΣ cvwbGZ àGj WÈcvGii mvnvGhÅ ‰K ˆPvGL ‰K N gyiwMàGjv wWg ˆ`Iqv ÷i‚i wKQyw`b ciB ˆek KGqKwU
ˆduvUv w`GZ nq| 21 w`b ci AbÅ ˆPvGL AvGiK ˆduvUv gyiwM ivYxGÞZ ˆivGM AvKvÌ ¯¦ nq| gyiwM cvjGb ˆivM cÉwZGiva
wUKv w`GZ nq| AbÅZg| cÉwZ eQi evsjvG`Gk wewf®² ˆivGM eü gyiwM gviv
2. RDV: `yB gvGmi ˆewk eqGmi mKj gyiwMGK ‰ wUKv hvq| dGj gyiwMi LvgvGi Avw^ÆK ˆjvKmvb nq, hvi AbÅZg
w`GZ nq| ‰ wUKv 4 gvm cici w`GZ nq| fvqvGji ev KviY ˆivMeÅvwa| ivYxGÞZ ˆivGMi mwVK ˆKvGbv wPwKrmv
‰Á·yGji 0.3 wg.wj. wUKv exR cÉ^Gg 100 wm.wm. ˆbB| ivYxGÞZ ˆivM cÉwZGivGa ZvB wbGÁ²vÚ eÅeÕ©v MÉnY Kiv
wWwաΣ cvwbGZ fvGjvfvGe ˆgkvGZ nGe| Zvici gyiwMi ˆhGZ cvGi
ivGbi gvsGm ‰K wm.wm. BbGRKkb w`GZ nGe| wUKv 1. AvKÌv¯¦ gyiwM Avjv`v ivLGZ nGe ‰es AbÅ ˆKv^vI wewKÌ
cvwbGZ wgkvGbv ev eÅenvGii mgq hvGZ mivmwi mƒGhÆi
AvGjv bv jvGM ˆmw`GK jÞ ivLGZ nGe| KviY mƒGhÆi Kiv hvGe bv|
AvGjvGZ wUKvi KvhÆKvwiZv bÓ¡ nGq hvq| 2. g†Z gyiwM ˆhLvGb ˆmLvGb bv ˆdGj gvwUGZ cyuGZ ˆdjGZ nGe|
3. AvKÌv¯¦ I myÕ© Dfq gyiwMGK cUvk ˆgkvGbv cvwb LvIqvGZ
DwÍÏwLZ AvGjvPbvi gvaÅGg gyiwMi ivYxGÞZ ˆivGMi wUKvi
cwiwPwZ I eÅenvi mÁ¼G®¬ Rvbv hvq| nGe|
4. mvjdvWvqvwRb UÅveGjU Pvi fvM KGi eo gyiwMGK w`Gb
cÉk² 27 ˆgvt Aveyj Kvjvg ‰KRb K‡lK| cvwievwiK Avq
`y evi LvIqvGZ nGe|
e†w«¬i RbÅ wZwb 50wU gyiwM cvjb Kiv ÷i‚ KGib| gyiwMàGjv 5. wbqwgZ cÉwZGlaK wUKv (wewmAviwUwe I AviwWwe) cÉ`vb
wWg ˆ`Iqv ÷i‚ KGi| wK¯§ wKQyw`b cGiB Zvi ˆek KGqKwU KiGZ nGe|
AZ‰e, gyiwM cvjGb Avw^ÆKfvGe jvfevb nIqvi RbÅ gyiwMi
ivYxGÞZ ˆivGMi DwÍÏwLZ cÉwZGiva eÅeÕ©v MÉnY KiGZ nGe|
gyiwM ivYxGÞZ ˆivGM AvKÌv¯¦ nGq gviv hvq| wkLbdj-13 cÉk² 28 Avkivdzj mÅvi Zvi wkÞv^ÆxG`i gyiwMi mylg Lv`Å
mÁ·GKÆ ejGjb| cieZÆxGZ wZwb mylg LvG`Å wewf®² Lv`Å
K. ivYxGÞZ Kx aiGbi ˆivM? 1 Dcv`vGbi KvR weGkÏlY KiGjb| Zvici wZwb wkÞv^ÆxG`i `yB
L. ‰ ˆivGM KZ fvM AvKÌv¯¦ gyiwM gviv hvq? 2 mµ¦vn eqGmi ˆjqvi gyiwMi RbÅ DÚ LvG`Åi ZvwjKv ŠZwi
M. ivYxGÞZ ˆivGM AvKvÌ ¯¦ nGj gyiwMi 3wU ŠewkÓ¡ÅcƒYÆ KGi Rgv w`GZ ejGjb| wkLbdj-13
jÞY eYÆbv KGiv| 3 K. MÅv´£vi Kx? 1
L. iuvRnvm cvjb myweavRbK ˆKb? 2
N. ivYxGÞZ ˆivM cÉwZGiva eÅeÕ©v eYÆbv KGiv| 4 M. wkÞv^ÆxG`i ŠZwiK‡Z ZvwjKvwU DcÕ©vcb KGiv| 3
27 bs cÉGk²i Dîi N. Avkivdzj mÅvGii ewYZÆ LvG`Åi ài‚Z½ gƒjÅvqb KGiv|4
K ivYxGÞZ wbD KÅvmj fvBivm bvGg ‰K aiGbi gvivñK 28 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
msKÌvgK ˆivM|
K cÉvµ¦eqÕ• cyi‚l ivRnuvmB nGjv MÅv´£vi|
L ivYxGÞZ ˆivGM AvKvÌ ¯¦ gyiwMi g†ZzÅnvi Lye ˆewk ‰es Zv
cÉvq 100 fvM ch¯Æ ¦ nGZ cvGi| L ivRnuvm ˆcvwΟÈi ‰KwU ài‚Zc½ ƒYÆ cÉRvwZ| ‰iv A͸ cvwbGZ
‰wU gyiwMi meGPGq gvivñK fvBivmRwbZ msKÌvgK ˆivM| ^vKGZ cQ±` KGi| Nvm Lvq eGj ‰G`i mÁ·ƒiK Lv`Å Kg
ˆKvGbv ‰jvKvq ‰ ˆivM ˆ`Lv w`Gj 5-7 w`Gbi gGaÅ ‰jvKvi jvGM| dGj Lv`Å LiP Kg nq| ‰iv Vvív, Mig me
mgÕ¦ ˆgviM-gyiwM AvKÌv¯¦ nGq gviv ˆhGZ cvGi| AvenvIqvGZB Lvc LvIqvGZ cvGi| dmGji RwgGZ AvMvQv
ˆLGq ‰iv cv w`Gq gvwU wbovwbi KvR KGi| ‰QvovI ‰iv
M ivYxGÞZ ˆivM gyiwMi ‰KwU gvivñK ˆivM| wbD KÅvmj evmv evwo cvnvivi KvRI KGi| Nvm jZvcvZv ˆLGq evwoNi
wWwRR fvBivm bvGg ‰K aiGbi fvBivGmi AvKgÌ GYi dGj ‰ cwiÓ•vi ivGL|
ˆivM nq| AZ‰e, Kg LiGP ivRnuvm cvjb KGi jvfevb nIqv hvq|
ZvB ivRnuvm cvjb myweavRbK|
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Agreecultute 2nd
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