ˆcvwÎŸÈ cvjb 21
M wkÞv^Æxiv `yB mµ¦vn eqGmi A^Ævr Õ¡vUÆvGii ˆjqvi gyiwMi K. eË‚Wvi nvDR Kx? 1
RbÅ mylg LvG`Åi ZvwjKv ŠZwi KiGjv| ZvG`i ŠZwiK‡Z
L. “ˆjqvi LvgvGi Zvc eÅeÕ©vcbv AZů¦ ài‚Z½cƒYÆ”
ZvwjKvwU wbÁ²i…c nGe
eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2
Lv`Å Dcv`vb kZKiv cwigvY
M. DóxcGK ˆKvb aiGbi ˆikGbi DGÍÏL AvGQ? eÅvLÅv
1. Mg fvOv 36.0
KGiv| 3
2. MGgi fzwm 10.0
N. wcqvi Avjxi ˆivM eÅeÕ©vcbvi h^v^ÆZv gƒjÅvqb
3. Pvj fvOv 10.0
KGiv| 4
4. PvGji Kzuov 8.0
29 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
5. wZGji ŠLj 12.0
K eË‚Wvi nvDR ‰gb ‰K aiGbi Ni ˆhLvGb K‡wògfvGe Zvc
6. ÷uUwK gvGQi àuov 14.0 I AbÅvbÅ mvweÆK eÅeÕ©vcbv cÉ`vb KGi ˆcvwΟÈi evœPvGK
jvjb cvjb Kiv nq| A
7. nuvGoi àuov -
8. wPUvào 2.0
9. wSbyGKi àuov 2.0 L ˆjqvi LvgvGi Zvc eÅeÕ©vcbv AZů¦ ài‚Zc½ ƒYÆ| ˆcvwΟÈi
evœPv AwZwiÚ Mig ev AwZwiÚ Vvív mnÅ KiGZ cvGi bv|
10. ˆLmvwi wm«¬ 5.0 ZvB evœPv Avbvi ci ˆ^GKB Zvc eÅeÕ©vcbvi cÉwZ weGkl
ˆLqvj ivLGZ nq| gyiwMi wWg cvov I wWg msiÞGYi RbÅ
11. jeY 0.5 wbw`ÆÓ¡ Zvcgvòvi cÉGqvRb nq| ‰QvovI evœPv Drcv`Gbi RbÅ
wWGg Zv ˆ`Iqv ev BbwKDGeUGi evœPv dzUvGbvi RbÅI wbw`ÆÓ¡
12. wcÉwgÝ 0.5 Zvcgvòv eRvq ivLv Lye Ri‚ix| A
`yB mµ¦vn eqmx ˆjqvi gyiwMGK DwÍÏwLZ ZvwjKv Abyhvqx mylg
Lv`Å mieivn Kiv AvekÅK|
N Avkivdzj mÅvi wkÞv^ÆxG`i gyiwMi mylg Lv`Å mÁ·GKÆ M DóxcGK gyiwMi Lv`Å Dcv`vb ‰es Mg fvãv, PvGji Kzuov
eGjwQGjb|
ˆh LvG`Å cÉGqvRbxq me Lv`Å Dcv`vb mwVKnvGi we`Ågvb I wZGji ŠLGji cwigvGYi AbycvZ jÞ KiGj ˆevSv hvq ˆh,
^vGK ZvGK mylg Lv`Å eGj| LvG`Åi QqwU Dcv`vb nGjv
kKÆiv, Avwgl, PweÆ, wfUvwgb, LwbR jeY I cvwb| ‰LvGb eËqjvi giy wMi cÉviwÁ¿K ˆikGbi DGÍÏL Kiv nGqGQ| A
mylg LvG`Å ˆh mKj Dcv`vb ^vGK, ZvG`i KvR wf®² wf®²|
kKÆiv kixGi Zvc Drcv`b I kwÚi Drm wnGmGe KvR KGi| wcqvi Avjxi gyiwMi Lv`ÅZvwjKv ev ˆikb nGe wbÁ²i…c
Avwgl ˆ`Gni ˆcwk MVb, ÞqcƒiY I e†w«¬GZ mnvqZv KGi|
PweÆ RvZxq Lv`Å kKÆiv RvZxq LvG`Åi ˆPGq ˆewk Zvc I kwÚ Dcv`vb cÉviwÁ¿K ˆikb (1 w`b-4 mµ¦vn)
mieivn KGi| wfUvwgb ˆ`Gni e†w«¬ NUvq, cywÓ¡ mvab KGi,
ˆivM cÉwZGiva ÞgZv evovq, Drcv`b ÞgZv e†w«¬ KGi| LwbR Mg fvãv 95 ˆKwR
jeY Drcv`b ÞgZv e†w«¬ KGi, kixi myÕ©-mej ivGL I
cywÓ¡nxbZv `ƒi KGi| cvwb kixGii Zvcgvòv wbq¯¨Y, Lv`Å nRg PvGji Kzuov 35 ˆKwR
‰es `ƒwlZ c`v^Æ I eRÆÅ Ask wbMÆgGY mnvqZv KGi|
A^Ævr, gyiwMGK myÕ© mej ivLGZ I cywÓ¡nxbZv `ƒixKiYmn wZGji ŠLj 26 ˆKwR
wWg I gvsm Drcv`b ÞgZv e†w«¬GZ Avkivdzj mÅvGii ewYÆZ
LvG`Åi ài‚Z½ Acwimxg| ÷UuwK gvGQi àuov 36 ˆKwR
mqvweb wgj 4 ˆKwR
nvGoi àuov 2.5 ˆKwR
wSbyK P„YÆ 0.5 ˆKwR
jeY 0.5 ˆKwR
wfUvwgb I LwbR wgkÉY 0.5 ˆKwR
cÉk² 29 c÷mÁ·` KgÆKZvÆ i civgkÆ AbymvGi wcqvi Avjx meÆGgvU 200 ˆKwR
gyiwMi Lvevi cÉÕ§GZi RbÅ cÉGqvRbgZ ÷uUwK gvGQi àou v, N wcqvi Avjxi gyiwMi em¯¦ ˆivM nGqGQ| ‰wU fvBivmRwbZ
mqvweb wgj, nvGoi àou v, wSbyK P„YÆ, jeY, wfUvwgb I LwbR ‰KwU gvivñK msKÌvgK ˆivM|
wgkÉGYi mvG^ wbGÁv² Ú ZvwjKvi DcKiY ˆgkvGjb|
Lv`Å Lv`Å Lv`Å ‰ ˆivGMi dGj gyiwMi kixGii cvjKwenxb Õ©vbàGjvGZ
DcKiY cwigvY DcKiY cwigvY DcKiY cwigvY dzmKzwo nq ˆhàGjv ‰Kw`b cGiB àwUi gGZv nGq hvq|
àwUàGjv cÉ^Gg jvj I cGi KvjGP nq| gyiwMi Lv`Å MÉnGYi
Mg 95 PvGji 35 wZGji 26 nvi KGg hvq| bvK I ˆPvL AvKÌv¯¦ nGj bvK I ˆPvL w`Gq
fvãv ˆKwR àuov ˆKwR ŠLj ˆKwR AbeiZ cvwb cGo ‰es ˆPvL dzGj e®¬ nGq hvq| AGbK mgq
gyiwMi ˆPvL A®¬I nGq hvq| wcqvi Avjxi gyiwMàGjvi
nVvr ‰Kw`b wcqvi Avjx ˆ`LGZ ˆcGjb gyiwMàGjv AvGMi gZ ˆÞGòI ‰ aiGbi jÞY ˆ`Lv w`GqGQ|
Lvevi LvGœQ bv| gyiwMàGjvi àwU KvjGP nGq ˆMGQ, wKQy
gyiwMi ˆPvL w`Gq cvwb SiGQ, wKQy gyiwM ˆPvGLI ˆ`LGZ em¯¦ ˆivM cÉwZGivGai RbÅ evœPv gyiwMi eqm 2 mµ¦vn nGj
cviGQ bv| cÉwZKvGii RbÅ wZwb cvwbi mvG^ cUvk wgwkGq wcwRqb cÝ fÅvKwmb ‰es 4 mµ¦vn nGj dvDj cÝ fÅvKwmb
`yBevi ˆLGZ w`Gjb| A
wkLbdj-13
22 cvGéix m†Rbkxj K‡wlwkÞv w«¼Zxq cò ‰Kv`k-«¼v`k ˆkÉwY
w`GZ nq| ˆgviM gyiwMGK wbqwgZ cÉwZGlaK w`GZ nq| Avi Õ©vGb ivLvi ci LvG`Åi Õ§cwUGK ‰KwU wcivwgGWi gGZv ˆ`Lv
ˆivGMi cÉwZKvi wnGmGe emG¯¦i àwU ev Nv ˆWUj, AvGqvmvb, hvGe| ‰evi wSbyGKi àou v, nvGoi àuov I jeY H wcivwgGWi
mÅvfjb ev cUvwkqvg cvigÅvsMvGbU `ËeY «¼viv ayGq cwiÓ•vi
KGi mGKwUj ev mvjGdvwbjvgvBW cvDWvi w`Gb 2-3 evi Dci wQwUGq w`GZ eGjb| ‰ici wfUvwgbwgbvGij wcÉwgÝ
KGi 3-5 w`b jvMvGZ nq| wK¯§ wcqvi Avjx Zvi Õ§Gci Dci wQwUGq w`GZ eGjb| mqvweb ˆZGji cÉGqvRb nGj
gyiwMàGjvGK emG¯¦i cÉwZGlaK fÅvKwmb ˆ`bwb| ‰Qvov ‰ Zv Lv`ÅÕ§Gci PvicvGk ˆXGj w`GZ eGjb| ‰evi Lv`Å Õ§cwUi
ˆivGMi cÉwZKvi wnGmGe wZwb cvwbi mvG^ cUvk wgwkGq ˆfZGi nvZ XzwKGq meàGjv DcKiY fvGjvfvGe wgwkGq w`GZ
gyiwMàGjvGK `yBevi LvBGqGQb hv ‰ ˆivGMi cwÉ ZKvi bq| eGjb| wgwkÉZ ‰ Lv`Å ev`vwg iGOi ˆ`LvGe|
ZvB DcGii AvGjvPbvi ˆcÉwÞGZ ejv hvq ˆh, wcqvi Avjxi
M†nxZ ˆivM eÅeÕ©vcbv h^v^Æ wQj bv| A LvG`Åi àYMZ gvb wbq¯¨GY cÉvwYmÁ·` KgÆKZÆv Rwni
ˆnvGmbGK mylg Lv`Å ŠZwii DcwiDÚ wbqgvewj wkÞv ˆ`b|
cÉk² 30 Rwni ˆnvGmb 300 eËqjvGii evœPv wbGq ‰KwU N cÉvwYmÁ·` KgÆKZvÆ i DwÚwU wQj nuvm-gyiwMi Drcv`b
e†w«¬GZ mylg LvG`Åi weK͸ ˆbB|
ˆcvwÎŸÈ Lvgvi MGo ˆZvGjb| Zvi LvgvGii eËqjviàGjv Kvw›ÞZ
mylg Lv`Å c÷-cvwLi ˆ`Gn kwÚ ˆRvMvq, ˆ`Gni ÞqcƒiY
gvòvq e†w«¬ jvf bv Kivq wZwb DcGRjv cÉvwYmÁ·` KgÆKZÆvi KGi, wWg I gvsm Drcv`b e†w«¬ KGi ‰es ˆivM cÉwZGiva
ÞgZv evovq| LvG`Åi QqwU Dcv`vb h^v : Avwgl, kKÆiv,
mvG^ civgkÆ KGib| wZwb eGjb gyiwMàGjv AcywÓ¡i KviGYB ˆÕ²n, LwbR, wfUvwgb I cvwb mylg Lv`Å ˆ^GK AvGm|
mwVK gvòvq e†w«¬ jvf KGiwb| Rwni ˆnvGmbGK wZwb mylg Lv`Å hw` mylg bv nq ZvnGj nuvm-gyiwM Avkvbyi…cfvGe e†w«¬
jvf KiGe bv| dGj ZvG`i ˆ`Gni ÞqcƒiY nGe bv, wWg I
LvG`Åi ài‚Z½ I ŠZwii wbqgvewj wkwLGq ˆ`b| cÉvwYmÁ·` gvsm Drcv`b ‰es ˆivM cÉwZGiva ÞgZv KGg hvGe| Avevi
wewf®² aiGbi gyiwM I ZvG`i e†w«¬i wewf®² chÆvGqi RbÅ wKQy
KgÆKZvÆ eGjb, gyiwMi Drcv`b e†w«¬GZ mylg LvG`Åi ˆKvGbv weGkl LvG`Åi cÉGqvRb nq| Zv bv nGj ZvG`i wWg ev gvsm
weK͸ ˆbB| wkLbdj-13 Drcv`Gb eÅvNvZ m†wÓ¡ nGZ cvGi| ˆhgb ˆjqvi gyiwMi
wWGgi gvb I ˆLvmv kÚ Kivi RbÅ ZvG`i Lv`Å Dcv`vGb
K. wdDwgGMkb KvGK eGj? 1 LwbGRi cwigvY ˆewk cÉGqvRb| Avevi eËqjvi gyiwMGK
gvsGmi RbÅ cvjb Kiv nq eGj ZvG`i LvG`Å AvwgGli
L. ˆcvwΟÈGK mylg Lv`Å LvIqvGbvi ˆhŒwÚKZv eÅvLÅv cwigvY ˆewk ^vGK| cÉvq 21-23% mylg Lv`Å cÉ`vb bv KiGj
gyiwM ev nuvm mwVKfvGe e†w«¬ jvf KiGe bv| dGj Drcv`bI
KGiv| 2 nËvm cvGe|
M. cÉvwYmÁ·` KgÆKZvÆ Rwni ˆnvGmbGK KxfvGe mylg ZvB ejv hvq, cÉvwYmÁ·` KgÆKZÆvi ˆkl DwÚwU h^v^Æ|
Lv`Å ŠZwii wbqgvewj wkÞv ˆ`b? eYÆbv KGiv| 3
N. DóxcGKi cÉvwYmÁ·` KgÆKZÆvi ˆkl DwÚwU weGkÏlY
KGiv| 4
30 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
K gyiwMi NiGK RxevYygyÚ Kivi RbÅ ˆavqv ˆ`Iqvi
c«¬wZGK wdDwgGMkb eGj|
L mylg Lv`Å ejGZ ˆevSvq ˆcvwΟÈi cÉGqvRb gvwdK cywÓ¡ cÉk² 31 nvwdRv ˆeMg Qvov AeÕ©vq gyiwM cvjb KGib|
Dcv`vb mg«† ¬ Lv`Å hv ˆ`Gni ÞqcƒiY I e†w«¬mvab, ˆivM
cÉwZGiva ‰es wWg I gvsm Drcv`Gb mvnvhÅ KGi| LvG`Åi ‰GZ Zvi LiP Kg nq| wZwb gyiwMGK mylg Lv`Å LvIqvb
QqwU cywÓ¡ Dcv`vbB ˆcvwΟÈi RbÅ cÉGqvRbxq| ZGe Zv AekÅB
wbqw¯¨Z ev mylg gvòvq nGZ nq| ˆKbbv wbw`ÆÓ¡ ev cÉGqvRGbi hvGZ Drcv`b ˆewk nq| MZ KGqK eQi aGi wZwb gyiwMGK
Zzjbvq AwZwiÚ cywÓ¡ Dcv`vb kvixwiK ÞwZi KviYI nq|
AbÅvbÅ ˆivGMi cvkvcvwk evWÆ dÑz ˆivGMi cÉwZGlaK wUKv w`Gq
evwYwRÅK jvGfi DGóGkÅ ˆcvwÎŸÈ cvjb Kiv nq eGj nuvm-
gyiwMGK mylg Lv`Å w`Gq Drcv`b evovGbv hvq| AvmGQb| ZvGK ˆ`GL AbycvÉ wYZ nGq MÉvGgi AbÅvbÅ gwnjvivI
‰Lb gyiwM cvjb ÷i‚ KGiGQb| A wkLbdj-13
K. wbwlÚ wWg Kx? 1
M cÉvwYmÁ·` KgÆKZvÆ Rwni ˆnvGmbGK eËqjvi gyiwMi RbÅ L. AaÆgyÚ AeÕ©vq giy wM cvjb jvfRbK ˆKb? 2
mylg Lv`Å ŠZwii c«¬wZ wkwLGq ˆ`b|
M. nvwdRv ˆeMg gyiwMGK ˆh Lv`ÅwU LvIqvb Zv ŠZwii
Rwni ˆnvmbGK wZwb Mg ev fzëv cÉ^Gg ˆgwkGb ˆfGO wbGZ
eGjb| ŠLjGK fvGjvfvGe àou v KGi wbGZ eGjb| Lv`Å c«¬wZ eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3
DcKiY gvcvi RbÅ cvÍÏv eÅenvGii civgkÆ ˆ`b| Lv`Å
Dcv`vb wgkÉGYi ev ŠZwii RvqMv cwiÓ•vi-cwiœQ®² KiGZ N. DóxcGK DwÍÏwLZ ˆivMwUi jÞY, cÉwZKvi I
eGjb| cÉ^Gg Mg ev fzëv fvOv ˆgGc ˆgGSGZ ivLGZ eGjb|
Zvici fzëv fvOvi Dci ÷uUwK gvGQi àou v ‰es Zvi Dci ŠLj cÉwZGiva eÅeÕ©v AvGjvPbv KGiv| 4
I mqvweb wgj PvjGZ eGjb| ‰fvGe meàGjv DcKiY ‰KB
31 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
K ˆgviM I gyiwMi wgjGbi dGj ˆh wWg Drcvw`Z nq ZvB
wbwlÚ wWg| A
ˆcvwÎŸÈ cvjb 23
L AaÆgyÚ c«¬wZGZ gyiwM cvjGbi ˆÞGò w`Gbi ˆejvq 2. AvKÌv¯¦ ‰jvKvi mgÕ¦ gyiwM wbab KiGZ nGe|
gyiwMàGjv ‰KwU ˆNiv RvqMvq PGi ‰es ivGZ ˆfZGiB ‰KwU 3. ˆivGMi AvKÌgY, msKÌgY I cÉv`yfÆve mÁ·GKÆ Lei ivLGZ nGe|
NGi ^vGK|
cÉwZKvi :
AaÆgyÚ AeÕ©vq gyiwM cvjGbi ˆek wKQy myweav iGqGQ, ˆhgb 1. ‰ ˆivGMi cÉwZGlaK wUKv w`GZ nGe|
1. A͸ RwgGZ gyiwM cvjb Kiv hvq| 2. ˆivM ˆ`Lv w`Gj AvKÌv¯¦ gyiwM ˆgGi gvwUi wbGP cyuGZ ev
2. ˆ`qvj Lye ˆewk kÚ KiGZ nq bv eGj LiP Kg jvGM|
3. NiwUGK ‰KÕ©vb ˆ^GK AbÅÕ©vGb mivGbv mÁ¿e, ZvB cyGo ˆdjGZ nGe|
3. cwiÓ•vi-cwiœQ®²Zv I RxevYygyÚKiY eÅeÕ©v MÉnY KiGZ
Õ©vGbi ˆKvGbv msKU nq bv|
4. ZzjbvgƒjKfvGe ‰eÅeÕ©vq LiP Kg I ռ͸ cwikÉg nq| nGe|
‰me KviGYB AaÆgyÚ AeÕ©vq gyiwM cvjb jvfRbK| mgqgGZv ˆivGMi cÉv`yfÆve eySGZ cviGj I AvKvÌ ¯¦ nevi ci
mwVK eÅeÕ©v MÉnY KiGj evW-Æ dÑz ˆivGM ÞwZi cwigvY
M nvwdRv ˆeMg gyiwMGK mylg Lv`Å LvIqvb| AGbKvsk nËvm Kiv mÁ¿e|
gvsm ev wWg Drcv`Gbi RbÅ nuvm-gyiwMi LvG`Åi DcKiGY
ZviZgÅ nq| Avevi wewf®² eqm I RvGZi RbÅI DcKiGYi cÉk² 32 wbGPi QKwU jÞ KGiv ‰es cÉk²àGjvi Dîi `vI:
cwigvY wewf®² nGq ^vGK| ZvB Kx DGóGkÅ Lv`Å ŠZwi Kiv
nGe Zvi Ici Lv`Å ŠZwii wbqgvewj wbfÆi KGi| nuvm-gyiwi S
mylg Lv`Å ŠZwii wbqgvewj wbÁ²i…c dvivI ˆnvqvBU ˆeGË Õ¡W
ˆh DcKiYàGjvi mg®¼Gq mylg Lv`Å MwVZ ZvG`i gGaÅ ˆKvGbv K. 'S' Kx? B wkLbdj-14
cywÓ¡ Dcv`vb Kx cwigvY AvGQ Zv RvbGZ nGe| ˆKvb DcKiY
Kx AbycvGZ wgkvGj wgwkÉZ Lv`Å`ËeÅwUGZ H cvwLi cÉGqvRbxq 1
cwigvY cywÓ¡ Dcv`vb cvIqv hvGe Zv wbYÆq KiGZ nGe|
wgkvGbvi cÉwKÌqv nvGZi «¼viv A^ev Õ¼qswKÌq hG¯¨i «¼vivI nGZ L. ˆKvGqGji wWg I gvsm n†`GivMxG`i RbÅI
cvGi| ZGe h¯¨ «¼viv fvGjvfvGe wgkvGbv hvq| wgwkÉZ Lv`Å
DcKiYàGjv MÉvB´£vi ev AvUv ˆclv ˆgwkGb fvGjv KGi P„YÆ ev DcvG`q eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2
àuov KGi wbGq Pvjywb «¼viv ˆPGj wbGZ nGe| mƒòvbyhvqx
Dcv`vbmgƒn ‰KwU ‰KwU KGi wbw`ÆÓ¡ gvòvq ˆgGc wbGZ nGe M. 'S' ˆcvwÎŸÈ wkG͸i bZzb msGhvRb eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3
‰es A͸ A͸ KGi wgÝvi ˆgwkGb ev eo ‰KwU cvGò ˆXGj
nvZ ev jvwV w`Gq fvGjvfvGe wgkvGZ nGe| wgkÉGY A͸ A͸ N. 'S' cvjb ˆcvwΟÈi AbÅvbÅ m`mÅG`i ˆ^GKI ˆek
KGi cvwb wgwkGq bvoGZ nGe hvGZ mgÕ¦ wgkÉYwU ‰KwU
AvVvGjv gGí cwiYZ nq| nuvm-gyiwMi RvZ I eqm AbymvGi jvfRbK weGkÏlY KGiv| 4
‰es gyGLi AvKvi Abyhvqx wcGjU ev ewo ŠZwi KiGZ nGe|
wbw`ÆÓ¡ AvKvGii Pvjywb eÅenvi KGi ‰Uv Kiv hvq| ˆcÕ¡ gí 32 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
wcGjU ev ewo AvKvGi ŠZwi KGi ÷wKGq ÷Ó• I Vvív Õ©vGb
evqyGiva cwjeÅvGM fGi ivLGZ nGe| ‰i…c wgkÉY 15 w`Gbi K DóxcGK 'S' «¼viv ˆKvGqj cvwLGK ˆevSvGbv nGqGQ| A
ˆewk msiÞY Kiv DwPZ bv| A
L ˆKvGqGji wWg I gvsm AZů¦ cywÓ¡Ki Lvevi| kixGii
N ingZ wgqvi LvgvGi evWÆ dÑz nIqvq AwaKvsk gyiwM gviv cÉGqvRb me aiGbi wfUvwgb, wgbvGij, AÅvgvBGbv AÅvwmW
hvq| wZwb hw` DchyÚ ˆivM cÉwZGiva eÅeÕ©v MÉnY KiGZb ˆKvGqGji wWGg we`Ågvb| ˆKvGqGji wWGg mvaviY gyiwMi
ZGe ZvGK ‰ ÞwZi mÁÃyLxb nGZv bv| wWGgi Zzjbvq AGbKàY ˆewk wfUvwgb I ˆcÉvwUb ^vKGjI
ˆKvGqGji gvsm I wWGg gyiwMi Zzjbvq ˆKvGjGÕ¡ij AGbK
‰KB dvGgÆi ev KvQvKvwQ ‰K cvwL nGZ AbÅ cvwLGZ Kg ^vGK| ZvB ˆKvGqGji gvsm I wWg n†`GivMxG`i RbÅI
msÕ·GkÆi gvaÅGg ‰ ˆivM Qovq| gyiwMi LvgvGii h¯¨cvwZ, DcvG`q| A
miévg, wRwbmcò I gvbyGli mvnvGhÅ RxevYyàGjv evZvGmi
mvG^ Õ©vbv¯¦i nq I ˆivGMi weÕ¦vi NGU| evW-Æ dÑz ‰i wPwKrmv M DóxcGK 'S' nGjv ˆKvGqj cvwL| ˆKvGqj cvjb ˆcvwΟÈ
wnGmGe cÉwZGiva I cÉwZKvigƒjK eÅeÕ©v MÉnY KiGZ nGe| wkG͸i bZzb msGhvRb| A
cÉwZGiva : A cƒGeÆ ˆcvwÎŸÈ ejGZ nuvm-gyiwM, KeZy i BZÅvw`GK ˆevSvGbv
1. mgqgGZv wUKv cÉ`vb I AvKvÌ ¯¦ ‰jvKv cwiÓ•vi KGi nGZv| wK¯§ eZÆgvGb evwYwRÅKfvGe ˆKvGqj cvjb Kiv nq|
AvgvG`i ˆ`Gki AvenvIqv ˆKvGqj cvjGbi RbÅ DcGhvMx|
RxevYybvkK Ilya cÉGqvM KiGZ nGe| ˆKvGqGji gvsm I wWg ˆek myÕ¼v`y I cywÓ¡Ki| ˆKvGqGji wWg
I gvsGm cywÓ¡gvb ˆewk ^vKvq ‰i Pvwn`vI ˆewk| Pvwn`v ˆewk
^vKvq ˆKvGqj cvjbGK ˆcvwÎŸÈ wkG͸i A¯¦fzÆÚ Kiv nGqGQ|
ˆKvGqj ˆcvwΟÈi Þz`ËZi cÉRvwZ| Rvcvwb weævbxiv meÆc^É g
ˆKvGqjGK M†ncvwjZ KGib| RvcvGb evwYwRÅK wfwîGZ
ˆKvGqGji eÅvcK cÉmvi nGqGQ| eZÆgvGb jvfRbKfvGe
LvgvGi nuvm-gyiwMi gGZv ˆKvGqj cvjb Kiv nGœQ|
24 cvGéix m†Rbkxj K‡wlwkÞv w«¼Zxq cò ‰Kv`k-«¼v`k ˆkÉwY
N DóxcGK DwÍÏwLZ cvwLwU nGjv ˆKvGqj| cwigvY RvqMvi cÉGqvRb cGo| myZivs, Avw`Gji ˆKvGqGji
AvgvG`i ˆ`Gk AvñKgÆmsÕ©vb m†wÓ¡GZ I cÉvwYR cywÓ¡i Pvwn`v
cƒiGY ˆKvGqj cvjb ài‚Zc½ ƒYÆ| RGbÅ ˆgvU RvqMv jvGM 180000 2 = 360000 Nb
ˆKvGqj ˆcvwÎŸÈ wkG͸i bZzb msGhvRb| AvgvG`i ˆ`Gki ˆmwg| wZwb Zvi ˆKvGqGji LuvPvq 3 mµ¦vn chƯ¦ 3 wgwg Š`NÆÅ
AvenvIqvq evwYwRÅKfvGe ˆKvGqj cvjb jvfRbK| I 3 wgwg cÉGÕ©i duvKv ivGLb| ZGe ˆKvGqj cƒYÆeqÕ• nGj
ˆKvGqGji wWGgi cywÓ¡gvb AbÅvbÅ wWGgi Zzjbvq ˆewk| duvKvi AvKvi nGe 5 wgwg Š`NÅÆ I 5 wgwg cÉGÕ©i|
ˆKvGqGji gvsm I wWg ˆek myÕ¼v`y I cywÓ¡Ki| ˆKvGqGji Lv`Å
LiP AbÅ cvwLi Zzjbvq Kg| ˆKvGqj cvwL Lye `Ë‚Z evGo| DwÍÏwLZ DcvGq Avw`Gji ˆKvGqGji LuvPvi AvqZb wbYÆq Kiv
‰iv mvaviYZ KzuGP nq bv| ‰G`i ˆivMevjvB Kg nq| ‰iv hvq|
AvK‡wZGZ ˆQvU eGj mnGRB Ave«¬ AeÕ©vq I A͸ RvqMvq
AGbK ˆKvGqj cvjb Kiv hvq| ˆKvGqj KÓ¡ mwnúz cÉwZK„j N Avw`j 100wU ˆKvGqj LuvPvq cvjb KGib| LuvPvq cvjGbi
cwiGeGk wUGK ^vGK| 6-7 mµ¦vn eqGmB ˆKvGqj wWg cvGo| ˆÞGò wbw`ÆÓ¡ gvGci LuvPv ŠZwi KGib| ˆKvGqGji eqm
eQGi ‰KwU ˆKvGqj 200-250 wU wWg ˆ`q| cÉviwÁ¿K LiP Abyhvqx wZwb LuvPvi ˆbGU mywbw`ÆÓ¡ duvKv ˆ`b| ‰Qvov LuvPvq
Kg nIqvq A͸ cwyu RGZ ‰ eÅemv ÷i‚ Kiv hvq| dGj Lv`Å I cvwbi cvò ivGLb ‰es `iRv I eviv±`vi eÅeÕ©v
ivGLb|
evwYwRÅK wfwîGZ ˆKvGqj cvjb jvfRbK| A
Aciw`GK Avt ingvb wjUvGi 80 wU ˆKvGqj cvjb KGib|
DcwiDÚ AvGjvPbvi ˆcÉwÞGZ ˆevSv hvq ˆh, ˆKvGqj cvjb wjUvi c«¬wZGZ wZwb Zzl, KvGVi àuov, evwj, QvB, AvGLi
ˆcvwΟÈi AbÅvbÅ m`mÅG`i ˆ^GKI jvfRbK| ˆQveov, LGoi ˆQvU UzKiv BZÅvw` NGii ˆgGSGZ wewQGq wjUvi
ŠZwi KGib hvi RbÅ LiP AGbK Kg nq| ‰ wjUvi gvGS
cÉk² 33 Avw`j 100wU ˆKvGqj LuvPvq cvjGbi RbÅ LuvPv gvGS cwieZÆb KiGZ nq|
ŠZwi KGib| LuvPvi ˆbGU mywbw`ÆÓ¡ duvK ˆ`b| Aciw`GK Avt `yRGbB KeZy Gii evœPv euvwPGq ivLv, h^vh^ e†w«¬, Õ¼vÕ©Å
wbivcîv, wWg I gvsm Drcv`Gbi RbÅ wbqwgZ ‰KB gvGbi
ingvb wjUvGi 80wU ˆKvGqj cvjb KGi Avw`Gji ˆPGq mylg Lv`Å cÉ`vb KGib| `yRGbB evœPvi LvG`ÅB 27% ‰es
cƒYÆeqÕ• ˆKvGqGji LvG`Å 22-24% Avwgl mieivn ‰es
jvfevb nb| DfGqB ‰KB gvGbi Lv`Å I ‰KB RvGZi chÆvµ¦ cvwbi eÅeÕ©v KGib|
ˆKvGqj cvjb KGib| A wkLbdj-14
K. AbyeÆi wWg Kx? 1 ‰KB c«¬wZGZ ‰es ‰KB RvGZi ˆKvGqj cvjb KiGjI
Avw`Gji c«¬wZGZ LuvPv ŠZwii LiP Avt ingvGbi wjUvi
L. KeyZi ˆKb cvjb Kiv nq eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2 ŠZwii ˆPGq ˆewk| ‰Qvov LuvPvq `iRv, Rvbvjv, QvG` QvDwb,
ˆgGSGZ ˆµÏbwmU eve` LiP AGbK ˆewk nq| ‰RbÅ LuvPvq
M. Avw`Gji ˆKvGqGji Lvu Pvi AvqZb eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3 ˆKvGqj cvjb myweavRbK nGjI wjUvi c«¬wZGZ evmÕ©vb
eve` LiP Kg nq eGj Avt ingvb Avw`Gji Zzjbvq AwaK
N. Avt ingvb ˆKvGqj cvjb KGi AwaK jvfevb jvfevb nb|
nIqvi KviY weGkÏlY KGiv| 4
33 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
K ˆh mKj wWg ˆ^GK evœPv R¯Ã ˆbq bv ˆmàGjvB AbyeÆi wWg|
L KeyZi ‰KwU RbwcÉq ˆcvwÎŸÈ hvi cvjb eÅq Lye Kg| cÉk² 34 gwZb mvGne evwYwRÅKfvGe nuvm cvjGbi DGóGkÅ
Õ©vbxq K‡wl KgKZÆvi civgkÆ PvBGj wZwb gwZb mvGneGK
A͸ mgGq ռ͸ RvqMvq AwaK msLÅK KeyZi cvjb Kiv hvq| ‰gbfvGe nuvm cvjb KiGZ eGjb, hvGZ nuvmGK ivGZ NGi
KeyZGii evmÕ©vb wbgÆvY LiP Kg| KeyZi mvaviYZ gyÚ ‰es w`Gb Nimsj™² wbw`ÆÓ¡ RjvavGi ˆQGo ˆ`Iqv nq| wZwb
AvKvGk wePiY KGi ‰es evBGii kmÅ`vbv ˆLGq ^vGK weavq
Lv`Å LiPI Kg nq| KvGRi AemGi cvjb Kiv hvq, dGj gwZb mvGnGei ‰ DG`ÅvGMi cÉksmv KGi eGjb Þz`Ë I
AwZwiÚ kÉwgK jvGM bv| ˆivMevjvB Kg nq, ZvB wPwKrmv
LiPI Kg jvGM| A͸ cyuwR wewbGqvM KGi `Ë‚Z ˆdiZ cvIqv cÉvw¯¦K K‡lKG`i RbÅI nuvm cvjb ‰KwU jvfRbK ˆckv|
hvq| ‰RbÅB KeyZi cvjb Kiv nq|
wkLbdj-16
K. msKÌvgK ˆivM KvGK eGj? 1
M Avw`j LuvPvq ˆKvGqj cvjb KGib| LuvPv evbvGbvi ˆÞGò L. evo¯¦ I cƒYeÆ qÕ• nuvm ‰KGò cvjGbi c«¬wZwU
Avw`jGK wKQy weGkl w`K jÞÅ ˆiGL KvR KiGZ nq|
eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2
ˆKvGqj cvjGbi RGbÅ LuvPvi AvKvi I AvqZb wbw`ÆÓ¡ nGZ
nq| mvaviY wnmvGe 50wU ˆKvGqj cvjGbi RGbÅ LuvPvi Š`NÆÅ M. DóxcGK DwÍÏwLZ nuvm cvjb c«¬wZwU eÅvLÅv KGiv|3
120 ˆmwg, cÉÕ© 60 ˆmwg ‰es DœPZv 25 ˆmwg AvKvGii nGZ
nq| ‰GÞGò LuvPvi AvqZb nGe 180000 Nb ˆmwg| Avw`j N. K‡wl KgÆKZÆvi DwÚwU gƒjÅvqb KGiv| 4
ˆgvU 100 wU ˆKvGqj cvjb KGib| ‰ KviGY Zvi w«¼àY
34 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
K ˆh mgÕ¦ ˆivM AmyÕ© nuvm-gyiwMi ˆ`n ˆ^GK wewf®²
evnGKi gvaÅGg myÕ© nuvm-gyiwMi ˆ`Gn `Ë‚Z QwoGq cGo
ˆmàGjvGK msKÌvgK ˆivM eGj|
ˆcvwÎŸÈ cvjb 25
L evo¯¦ I cƒYÆeqÕ• nuvm ‰KGò cvjGbi c«¬wZGK ejv nq Lv`Å ‰es Rwgi RbÅ DrK‡Ó¡gvGbi ŠRe mvi| ‰G`iGK
nvwWÆs c«¬wZ| mgw®¼ZfvGe cyKzGi gvGQi mvG^ jvfRbKfvGe cvjb Kiv
hvq| nuvm cvjb Kiv mnR I LiP Kg| ‰G`i ˆivM cÉwZGiva
‰GÞGò nuvGmi RbÅ ˆKvGbv wbw`ÆÓ¡ Ni ev AvevmÕ©j ^vGK bv| ÞgZv wKQyUv ˆewk| nuvm cvjGb Kg hñ I cwiPhvÆ cÉGqvRb|
cÉwZwU `Gj mvaviYZ 100-500wU nuvm ^vGK ‰es nuvmàGjv AwaKvsk nuvm wbGRi Lv`Å wbGRivB msMnÉ KGi ˆLGZ cvGi|
mvivw`b NyGi ˆeovq| m®¬Åv ˆejvq ‰G`iGK ‰KwU DuPz
RvqMvq Lo ev euvGki ŠZwi ˆKvGbv ˆeovi ˆfZi AvUwKGq ZvB ejv hvq, K‡wl KgÆKZÆvi DwÚwU h^v^Æ|
ivLv nq| mKvGj wWg msMÉGni ci ‰G`iGK Avevi ˆQGo ˆ`qv
nq| ˆh mKj ‰jvKvq cÉvK‡wZK Drm ˆ^GK ˆewk Lvevi cvIqv cÉk² 35 Av`kÆ KGjGRi K‡wl wkÞvi iweb mÅvi wkÞv^xÆG`i
hvq ˆhgb dmj KvUv avb ˆÞZ ˆm mKj ‰jvKvq ‰KwU ˆKvGqGji Lvgvi cwi`kÆGb wbGq ˆMGjb| ˆmLvbKvi
nuvmàGjvGK wbGq hvIqv nq| H ‰jvKvq wKQy w`b cvjb Kivi
ci Lv`Åvfve ˆ`Lv w`Gj Avevi bZzb ‰jvKvq wbGq hvIqv nq| Lvgvwi QvòG`iGK ˆKvGqGji cÉavb `ywU ˆivM mÁ·GKÆ ejGjb|
M DóxcGK DwÍÏwLZ nuvm cvjb c«¬wZwU nGjv Aa-Æ Ave«¬ cieZxÆGZ mÅvi Lvgvwii ˆKvGqjGK ˆivM ˆ^GK wbivc` ivLvq
c«¬wZGZ nuvm cvjb|
‰ c«¬wZGZ nuvGmi NGii mvG^ duvKv RvqMv ev muvZvGii KiYxq welqàGjv ejGjb| B wkLbdj-16
eÅeÕ©v ^vGK| nuvmGK ivGZ NGi ivLv nq ‰es w`Gbi ˆejvq
Nimsj™² wbw`ÆÓ¡ RjvavGi ev RvqMvq wePiGYi RbÅ ˆQGo K. nÅvwPs KvGK eGj? 1
ˆ`Iqv nq| cÉwZwU nuvGmi RbÅ cÉvq 0.93 eMÆwgUvi (10
eMÆdzU) RvqMvi cÉGqvRb nq| NGii ˆfZGi chÆvµ¦ RvqMvi L. ivRnuvm cvjb ˆKb jvfRbK? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2
cÉGqvRb nq ‰es Lvevi, cvwb I wPwKrmv `ËeÅ mieivn Kiv
M. DóxcGKi Lvgvwii ewYÆZ ˆKvGqGji ˆivMàGjv eÅvLÅv
nq| ‰ c«¬wZi myweav nGjv Lv`ÅLvGZ LiP Kg jvGM, Kg
kÉwgGKi `iKvi nq| ‰LvGb nuvm Õ¼vaxbfvGe muvZvi KvUvi KGiv| 3
myGhvM cvq| nuvGmi Š`wnK e†w«¬ Õ¼vfvweK ^vGK| nuvGmi Lv`Å
N. ˆKvGqGji ˆivM welqK iweb mÅvGii DwÍÏwLZ
MÉnY mgfvGe nq| ‰ c«¬wZi Amyweav nGjv evœPv nuvm
cvjb Kiv hvq bv, ebÅ cÉvYx «¼viv AvKÌv¯¦ nGZ cvGi, LiP KiYxqàGjv weGkÏlY KGiv| 4
ˆewk, wbweo hð wbGZ nq|
‰fvGe Aa-Æ Ave«¬ c«¬wZGZ Avgiv nuvm cvjb KiGZ cvwi| 35 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
N gwZb mvGnGei evwYwRÅKfvGe nuvm cvjGbi DG`ÅvGMi K wWg ˆ^GK evœPv Drcv`b Kivi cÉwKÌqvGK nÅvwPs eGj| A
cÉksmv KGi K‡wl KgÆKZÆv eGjb Þz`Ë I cÉvw¯¦K K‡lKG`i RbÅ
nuvm cvjb ‰KwU jvfRbK ˆckv| L ivRnuvm ˆcvwΟÈi ‰KwU ài‚Z½cƒYÆ cÉRvwZ| ‰iv mvgvbÅ
cvwbGZ ^vKGZ cQ±` KGi| Nvm Lvq eGj ‰G`i evowZ Lv`Å
A͸ LiGP AwaK gybvdv ARÆGb nuvm cvjb AZů¦ ài‚Z½cƒYÆ Kg jvGM| dGj Lv`Å LiP Kg nq| Vvív, Mig me
f„wgKv cvjb KGi ^vGK| gyiwM AGcÞv nuvm eQGi 40 ˆ^GK AvenvIqvGZB ‰iv Lvc LvIqvGZ cvGi| A
50wU wWg ˆewk cvGo| ZvQvov nuvGmi wWg mnGR fvGO bv ‰es
bÓ¡I nq bv| wWg Drcv`Gbi RbÅ gyiwMi mgqKvj AGcÞv dmGji RwgGZ AvMvQv ˆLGq ‰iv cv w`Gq gvwU wbovwbi KvR
nuvGmi mgqKvj ˆewk| AGbK mgq w«¼Zxq eQGiI nuvm AwaK KGi| ‰Qvov evmv evwoi Nvm jZvcvZv ˆLGq evwoNiI
cwigvGY wWg ˆ`q| gyiwMi wWg AGcÞv nuvGmi wWg 15 ˆ^GK cwiÓ•vi ivGL| ZvQvovI Kg LiGP ivRnuvm cvjb KGi
20 MÉvg ˆewk IRGbi nq| D®Z² ˆ`Gk wWg IRGb wewKÌ nq| jvfevb nIqv hvq| ZvB ivRnuvm cvjb Kiv jvfRbK|
evRvGi eo wWGgi Pvwn`v ˆewk ‰es `vgI ˆewk| nuvm ˆkl
ivGZ A^ev mKvGj wWg cvGo| mKvGj wWg msMÉGni ci nuvm M DóxcGK Lvgvwi ˆKvGqGji `ywU cÉavb ˆivGMi K^v
cvjbKvixi ˆKvb KvR ^vGK bv| ‰B mgq nuvm cvjK AbÅvbÅ
KvGR mgq eÅq KiGZ cvGi| eGjGQb| ‰B `ywU ˆivM nGjv KKwmwWIwmm ev iÚ Avgvkq
‰K cÉKvi kvgyK avb I AbÅvbÅ dmGji ÞwZ KGi, nuvm ‰B I AvjmvGiwUf ‰´ŸvivBwUm| A
mgÕ¦ ÞwZKviK kvgyK ˆLGq gvbyGli DcKvi KGi| nuvGmi
wePiY Kivi mgq cvwb AvGjvwoZ nGj cvwbGZ AwÝGRGbi iÚ Avgvkq nGj ˆKvGqj iÚ wgwkÉZ gjZÅvM KGi| ‰G`i
cwigvY ˆeGo hvq| nuvm Wze w`Gq cvwbi Zjv ˆ^GK Lv`Å Þzavg±`v nq, kixi `yeÆj nGq cGo I cvjK SzGj cGo| ‰
msMÉGni mgq Kv`vi gGaÅ RGg ^vKv MÅvm AegyÚ nq| ‰i ˆivGMi cÉwZKvGi KwÝwbj 20 Ilya 2 MÉvg cwigvY cÉwZ wjUvi
dGj gvGQi Õ¼vÕ©Å fvGjv nq| nuvGmi wjUvi I cvqLvbv gvGQi Lvevi cvwbGZ wgwkGq ci ci wZbw`b LvIqvGZ nGe|
AvjmvGiwUf ‰´ŸvivBwU‰m ˆivGM AvKÌv¯¦ nGj ˆKvGqGji e†w«¬
KGg hvq| ˆcGUi wbGP ˆdvjv ^vGK, cvqLvbv KGg hvq| ‰
ˆivM cÉwZKvGi cÉwZ wjUvi cvwbGZ 1 MÉvg ˆÕ¡cGUvgvBwmb
wgwkGq cici 3 w`b LvIqvGj fvGjv dj cvIqv hvq|
DwÍÏwLZ ˆivM QvovI ˆKvGqGji AcywÓ¡RwbZ ˆivM, wfUvwgb
NvUwZ I KÅvjwmqvg NvUwZRwbZ ˆivM nGZ cvGi|
N iweb mÅvi Lvgvwii ˆKvGqjàGjvGK ˆivM ˆ^GK wbivcG`
ivLvi RbÅ wbGÁ²vÚ civgkÆ cÉ`vb KGib| A
ˆKvGqGji evmÕ©vGbi cwiGek Õ¼vÕ©ÅmÁÃZ ˆiGL ˆivM
cÉwZGiva Kiv mÁ¿e| ‰G`i RbÅ ÷KGbv ‰es cwiÓ•vi-cwiœQ®²
26 cvGéix m†Rbkxj K‡wlwkÞv w«¼Zxq cò ‰Kv`k-«¼v`k ˆkÉwY
evmÕ©vGbi eÅeÕ©v KiGZ nGe| NGi chÆvµ¦ AvGjv-evZvGmi WvK KGjiv
eÅeÕ©v ivLGZ nGe| wewf®² eqGmi ˆKvGqjGK ‰KmvG^ ivLv 1. ˆ`Gni Zvcgvòv e†w«¬ cvq|
hvGe bv| AmyÕ© ˆKvGqjGK myÕ© ˆKvGqj ˆ^GK Avjv`v KiGZ 2. Lv`Å MÉnY ˆQGo ˆ`q|
nGe| we÷«¬ Lv`Å I cwiÓ•vi cvwb mieivn wbwøZ KiGZ 3. wgDKvmhyÚ cvZjv cvqLvbv nq|
nGe| g†Z cvwL gvwUGZ cGyu Z ˆdjGZ nGe| mGeÆvcwi mylg 4. nuvGm cvwb kbƒ ÅZv ˆ`Lv ˆ`q|
LvG`Åi mieivn weGkl KGi wfUvwgb I KÅvjwmqvg RvZxq 5. `yeÆj nGq gviv hvq|
LvG`Åi ˆhvMvb wbwøZ KiGZ nGe|
DcwiDÚ jÞYàGjv chÆGeÞGYi AvGjvGK Avgiv RvbGZ cvwi,
DcwiDÚ welqàGjv weGePbvi gvaÅGg Lvgvwii ˆKvGqjGK KzjmyGgi nuvmàGjv WvK ˆµÏM I WvK KGjiv ˆivGM AvKÌv¯¦
ˆivMgyÚ ivLv mÁ¿e| nGqwQj|
cÉk² 36 Kzjmyg kL KGi wKQy nuvm cvjb ÷i‚ KGi| nVvr N KzjmyGgi nuvmàGjvi WvK ˆµÏM I KGjiv ˆivM nGqGQ|
Zvi c÷WvÚvi fvB ‰ ˆivMàGjvi cÉwZKvi eGj ˆ`b|
KGi wKQy nuvm iÚhÚy cvZjv cvqLvbv ‰es AbÅàGjv
WvK ˆµÏM ˆivGM AvKvÌ ¯¦ evœPvGK 15-20 w`b eqGm cÉ^gevi
wgDKvmhyÚ cvZjv cvqLvbv ÷i‚ KGi| ‰GZ ˆm wPw¯¦Z nGq ‰es 1 gvm eqGm w«¼Zxqevi, AZci 6 gvm ci ci cÉwZwU
nuvGmi ivGbi ev eyGKi gvsGm 1 wg wj KGi WvKGµÏM ˆivGMi
Zvi c÷ WvÚvi fvBGqi kiYvc®² nq| Zvi fvB ZvGK ‰ wUKvi BbGRKkb w`GZ nGe| Avevi evo¯¦ nuvmGK AÓ¡g
mµ¦vGn ˆµÏM fÅvwÝb w`GZ nq| AvKÌv¯¦ nuvmGK AbÅò mwiGq
ˆivMmgƒGni KviY, jÞY I cvkvcvwk cÉwZKvi eÅeÕ©vI eGj ˆdjGZ nGe| g†Z nuvmGK gvwUGZ cGyu Z ˆdjGZ nGe| LvgvGii
Ni, h¯¨cvwZ, wjUvi cÉf‡wZ RxevYygyÚ ivLGZ nGe|
ˆ`b| wkLbdj-17
nuvGmi KGjiv ˆivM cÉwZKvGi LvgvGi ŠRe wbivcîv I
K. AvgvG`i ˆ`Gk ˆKvb ˆKvb FZzGZ ivYxGÞZ ˆivM Õ¼vÕ©Åwewa ˆgGb PjGZ nGe| AmyÕ© nuvm, myÕ© nuvm nGZ
Avjv`v Kiv ‰es g†Z nuvm gvwUGZ cGyu Z ˆdjGZ nGe| wbqwgZ
ˆewk nq? 1 dvDj KGjiv ˆivGMi wUKv eÅeÕ©v MÉnY KiGZ nGe|
L. µÏvBgvD^ iK RvGZi gyiwMi kbvÚKvix ŠewkÓ¡Å ‰fvGe Kzjmyg Zvi fvBGqi civgGkÆ nuvmàGjvGK ˆivM nGZ
iÞv KiGZ cviGe|
ˆjGLv| 2
M. KzjmyGgi nuvGmi ˆivMàGjv jÞYmn eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3
N. KzjmyGgi fvBGqi civgkÆK‡Z cÉwZKvi weGkÏlY
KGiv| 4
36 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
K AvgvG`i ˆ`Gk kxZ I em¯¦KvGj ivYxGÞZ ˆivM ˆewk nq| cÉk² 37 bƒGi Avjg ˆKvGbv cÉwkÞY QvovB ˆjLvcovi
L µÏvBgvD^ iK RvGZi gyiwMi Drcwî AvGgwiKvi µÏvBgvD^ cvkvcvwk 12 ˆRvov KeZy i cvjb ÷i‚ KGi| ‰RbÅ ˆm 30
AçGj| ‰wU gvsm Drcv`Gbi RbÅ cÉwm«¬| µÏvBgvD^ iK
ˆmwg 30 ˆmwg 30 ˆmwg AvKvGii 12wU ˆLvGci ‰KwU
RvGZi gyiwMi kbvÚKvix ŠewkÓ¡Å nGjv
Ni ŠZwi KGi| ivGZ e®¬ KGi ivLGZ cvGi ‰gb eÅeÕ©vmn
‰G`i Pvgov njy`, KvGbi jwZ jvj, SzuwU LvuRKvUv| ‰iv
eQGi 100-150wU wWg ˆ`q| wWGgi ˆLvmv ev`vwg iGOi| ˆLvGci NGii `iRv 10 ˆmwg 10 ˆmwg ivLv nq ‰es
cƒYÆeqÕ• ˆgviM 4-4.5 ˆKwR ‰es gyiwM 3-3.5 ˆKwR
IRGbi nGq ^vGK| cvjGKi is ZvgvGU jvj| cvjK ˆLvGci mvgGb 10-12 ˆmwg RvqMv ivLv nq I ˆLvGci Dci
ZzjbvgƒjK ˆQvU| cvGqi bvjvq cvjK ^vGK bv|
wUGbi Pvjv ˆ`Iqv nq| A͸w`Gb KeyZiàGjv wWg w`GZ ÷i‚
KGi ‰es Zv ˆ^GK 6 ˆRvov evœPv cvIqv hvq| bƒGi Avjg jÞ
KGi evœPvàGjvGK Lv`Å w`GjI Zviv ˆKvGbv Lv`Å MÉnY KGi
M KzjmyGgi nuvmàGjvi WvK ˆµÏM I WvK KGjiv ˆivM bv| w`Gbi wewf®² mgGq evœPvàGjvGK cyi‚l I Õ¨x KeyZi ˆVuvGU
nGqGQ| WvK ˆµÏM ˆivM fvBivmRwbZ ‰es WvK KGjiv
eÅvKGUwiqvRwbZ ˆivM| ˆVuvU wgwjGq LvIqvq| welqwU Zvi KvGQ Awfbe gGb nGj ˆm
Õ©vbxq cÉvwYmÁ·` KgÆKZÆvi KvQ ˆ^GK weÕ¦vwiZ ˆRGb ˆbq|
‰B ˆivGMi jÞYàGjv wbÁ²i…c AZtci cÉvµ¦ evœPv cÉwZgvGm Zviv wbGRiv wKQy Lvq ‰es
WvK ˆµÏM evwKàGjv evRvGi wewKÌ KGi Avq KGi| A wkLbdj-19 I 20
1. ˆPvL dzGj DGV, ˆfuRv ^vGK ‰es cyuR cGo|
2. Nb Nb cvwb Lvq| K. ˆÕ•vqve Kx? 1
3. nuvGmi gGaÅ AwÕ©iZv ˆ`Lv ˆ`q|
4. iÚhÚy cvZjv cvqLvbv KGi| L. KeyZGii evœPv Drcv`Gbi cwÉ KÌqvwU eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2
5. nuvm SvcUv w`Gq eGm ^vGK|
6. cÅvivjvBwmm ˆivM nq| M. evœPvàGjvGK cyi‚l I Õ¨x KeZy i ˆVuvGU ˆVuvU wgwjGq
7. ˆkl chƯ¦ gviv hvq|
Kx LvIqvq? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3
N. bƒGi Avjg KeZy Gii ˆh Ni ŠZwi KGi Zv h^v^Æ wQj
wKbv gƒjÅvqb KGiv| 4
37 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
K ˆÕ•vqve nGjv KeyZGii 4 mµ¦vGni Kg eqGmi evœPv| A
ˆcvwÎŸÈ cvjb 27
L Õ¨x KeyZi 5-6 gvm eqGm wWg w`GZ ÷i‚ KGi| Kzkb cÉf‡wZ ŠZwii Avjv`v wk͸I MGo DGVGQ| ZvQvov cvwLi
mvaviYfvGe ejv hvq, KeZy i cÉwZ gvGm 48 N¥Ÿvi eÅeavGb iÚ, bvwofzuwo I nvo cÉwKÌqvRvZ Kivi RbÅI Avjv`v wk͸ MGo
2wU wWg ˆ`q| ivGZ Õ¨x KeyZi wWGg Zv’ w`GjI w`Gbi ˆejv ˆZvjv hvq| A
Õ¨x I cyi‚l KeyZi mgq fvM KGi DfGq Zv ˆ`q| Avevi ‰iv
DfGq evœPvI cvjb KGi| KeZy Gii wWg ˆ^GK 18 w`Gb evœPv M evGqwR` LuvPvq ˆKvGqj cvjb KGib| ˆKvGqGji LuvPv
dzGU ˆei nq| B evbvGbvi ˆÞGò wKQy weGkl w`K jÞÅ ˆiGL KvR KiGZ nq|
ˆKvGqj cvjGbi RGbÅ LuvPvi AvKvi I AvqZb wbw`ÆÓ¡ nGZ
M evœPvàGjvGK cyi‚l I Õ¨x KeyZi ˆVuvGU ˆVuvU wgwjGq nq| mvaviY wnmvGe 50wU ˆKvGqj cvjGbi RGbÅ LuvPvi Š`NÆÅ
wcwRqb wgÍ• LvIqvq| 120 ˆmwg, cÉÕ© 60 ˆmwg ‰es DœPZv 25 ˆmwg AvKvGii nGZ
nq| ‰GÞGò LuvPvi AvqZb nGe 180000 Nb ˆmwg| evGqwR`
evœPv KeZy Gii eqm 28 w`b bv nIqv chƯ¦ wbGRiv ˆVvu U w`Gq ˆgvU 200 wU ˆKvGqj cvjb KGib| ‰ KviGY Zvi PviàY
ZzGj wKQy ˆLGZ cvGi bv| evœPv R¯Ãvevi mvG^ mvG^ Õx¨ I cyi‚l ˆewk RvqMvi cÉGqvRb| myZivs, evGqwRG`i ˆKvGqGji RGbÅ
KeyZGii Lv`Å^wjGZ wÞGii gZ ‰K cÉKvi `ya Drc®² nq| ‰
`ya ‘wcwRqb wgÍ•’ bvGg cwiwPZ| Õ¨x I cyi‚l KeZy i wf®² wf®² ˆgvU RvqMv jvGM 180000 4 = 720000 Nb ˆmwg|
mgq evœPvG`i ˆVuvGU ˆVuvU wgwjGq AwZ hGði mvG^ DÚ `ya ˆhGnZz evGqwRG`i ˆKvGqj cƒYÆeqÕ• ZvB duvKv Õ©vGbi
LvIqvq| bƒGi Avjg ‰ welqwUB ˆ`GLwQj| 14 w`b chƯ¦ ‰B AvKvi nGjv 5 wgwg Š`NÆÅ I 5 wgwg cÉGÕ©i| A
Avwgl mÁ·®² (17.5%) `ya ˆcGq evœPv `Ë‚Z ˆeGo IGV| A
DwÍÏwLZ DcvGq evGqwRG`i ˆKvGqGji LuvPvi AvqZb wbYÆq Kiv
N bƒGi Avjg KeZy Gii ˆh Ni ŠZwi KGi Zv mÁ·ƒYiÆ …Gc h^v^Æ hvq|
wQj| ˆm 12 ˆRvov KeZy i cvjb KiGZ 30 ˆmwg 30 ˆmwg N evGqwR` Zvi cyKzGi ivRcuwy U gvQ Pvl KGib|
30 ˆmwg AvKvGii 12wU ˆLvGci ‰KwU Ni ŠZwi KGi hv gvGQi ˆ`Gn meÆ`v wewf®² ŠRe ivmvqwbK wKÌqv-wewKÌqv, ˆhgb:
k¼mb, wecvK BZÅvw` PjGZ ^vGK| ˆKvGbv KviGY ‰me
mwVK wQj| ˆm ˆLvGci NGii `iRv 10 ˆmwg 10 ˆmwg Õ¼vfvweK wKÌqvKjvc evavMÉÕ¦ nGj gvGQ ˆivGMi msKÌgY nq|
ZvB mdj I evwYwRÅKfvGe ‰B gvQ PvGl ˆivM eÅeÕ©vcbvi
ˆiGLwQj| KviY cÉwZwU ˆLvGci gyGL ‰gbfvGe `iRv ivLGZ
ˆÞGò KiYxq welqàGjv nGjv
nGe hvGZ ‰KwU KeZy i mnGR ‰i ˆfZGi XzKGZ ‰es ˆei i. gvQ PvGli DcGhvMx cwiGek eRvq ivLv : cyKzGii gvwU I
nGq AvmGZ cvGi| ivGZ ‰B `iRv e®¬ KGi ivLvi eÅeÕ©vI cvwbi àYvàGYi cÉwZ `†wÓ¡ ivLGZ nGe, A^Ævr cvwbi
Zvcgvòv, cvwbGZ `Ëexf„Z AwÝGRb, KveÆb WvB-AÝvBW
ivLGZ nGe ˆhb ewntkò‚ (ˆhgb mvc, ˆewR BZÅvw`) ˆLvGc I ˆkIjvi cwigvY wbq¯¨GY ivLGZ nGe| cyKzGi chÆvµ¦
mƒhÆvGjvK cÉGeGki RbÅ cvGoi eo MvQcvjv QuvUvB I
XzGK KeyZi I evœPvi ÞwZ KiGZ bv cvGi| ‰Qvov, KeyZGii AvMvQv `gb KiGZ nGe| ebÅvi cvwbGZ ˆhb cyKzi
ÞwZMÉÕ¦ bv nq ˆmw`GK ˆLqvj ivLGZ nGe|
`uvovGbv I hvZvqvGZi RbÅ ˆLvGci mvgGb 10-12 ˆmwg RvqMv ii. mwVK gvòvq myÕ©-mej I D®²ZRvGZi ˆcvbv gRy` :
nÅvPvwi ˆ^GK D®Z² gvGbi myÕ©-mej ˆcvbv msMÉn KiGZ
ivLv I ˆLvGci Dci wUGbi Pvjv ˆ`qv nGqwQj ZvI h^v^Æ nGe| AwaK NbGZ½ gvQ Pvl bv KGi cyKzGii aviY ÞgZv
Abyhvqx ˆcvbv QvoGZ nGe| mvaviYZ cyKzGi cÉwZ kZGK
wQj| A 15-20 MÉvg IRGbi 250wU ivRcuywU gvGQi ˆcvbv gRy`
Kiv nq|
cÉk² 38 evGqwR` 200 ˆKvGqj LuvPvq cvjb KGib| iii. mvi I Pzb cÉGqvM : cyKzGi wbqwgZ I cwiwgZ gvòvq mvi
cÉGqvM KiGZ nGe| ˆKbbv AwZwiÚ mvi cÉGqvGM cyKzGii
ˆKvGqGji weÓ¤v wZwb Zvi ivRcyuwU PvGli cyKzGi AbÅvbÅ LvevGii cvwb `ƒwlZ ‰es gvQ ˆivMvKvÌ ¯¦ nIqvi Avkâv ˆeGo
hvq| ZvQvov cyKzi RxevYygyÚ ivLGZ eQGi 2-3 evi Pzb
mvG^ cÉGqvM KGib| eZÆgvGb Zvi ˆKvGqjàGjv cƒYÆeqÕ•, cÉGqvM KiGZ nGe|
iv. mylg Lv`Å : mÁ·ƒiK Lv`Å cÉGqvGMi gvaÅGg gvGQi
A^Ævr weKÌq DcGhvMx nGqGQ| A 1 I 2 AaÅvGqi mg®¼Gq cÉGqvRbxq cywÓ¡ Pvwn`v cƒiY Kiv hvq| KviY mÁ·ƒiK
LvG`Å mKj cywÓ¡ Dcv`vb mylg gvòvq ^vGK| hvi dGj
K. euvIo KvGK eGj? 1 gvGQi Acwy Ó¡RwbZ ˆivM Kg nq|
L. cÉwKÌqvRvZ wkG͸ ˆcvwΟÈi f„wgKv ˆjGLv| 2
M. DÚ cvwL cvjGb LvPvi mywbw`ÆÓ¡ duvKv Õ©vGbi gvc
DGÍÏLcƒeÆK AvqZb eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3
N. ˆivM eÅeÕ©vbvi ˆÞGò evGqwRG`i cyKzGi KiYxq
welqàGjv weGkÏlY KGiv| 4
38 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
K b`xi ˆmÉvZ cÉevwnZ nIqvi mgq ˆKvGbv Õ©vGb evavMÉÕ¦
nGq MwZc^ cwieZÆGbi mgq b`xi wKQy Ask Ave«¬ RjvkGq
cwiYZ nq, hvGK euvIo eGj|
L ˆcvwΟÈi wWg I gvsGmi Dci wbfÆi KGi AGbK Lv`Å
cÉwKÌqvRvZ wk͸ MGo DGVGQ| ‰mKj Lv`Å AGbK cywÓ¡Ki I
gyLGivPK nGq ^vGK| ˆhgb: myÅc, bvGMUm, byWzjm BZÅvw`|
ˆcvwΟÈi cvjK «¼viv ˆLjvi mvgMÉx (ˆd`vi/ KKÆ), Svo~, wcGjv,
28 cvGéix m†Rbkxj K‡wlwkÞv w«¼Zxq cò ‰Kv`k-«¼v`k ˆkÉwY
v. Õ¼vÕ©Å eÅeÕ©vcbv : kvixwiK e†w«¬ I ˆivM-evjvB nGe| cÉGqvRGb grmÅ KgÆKZvÆ i civgkÆ Abyhvqx eÅeÕ©v
cixÞvi RbÅ gvGm A¯¦Z 1 evi Rvj ˆUGb gvGQi mvgwMÉK MÉnY KiGZ nGe| A
AeÕ©v chÆGeÞY KiGZ nGe| ˆKvGbv gvGQ ˆivGMi A^Ævr, D®²Z RjR cwiGek, mylg Lv`Å I mwVK Lvgvi
msKÌgY ˆ`Lv w`Gj AvKÌv¯¦ gvQ cyKzi ˆ^GK mwiGq ˆdjGZ eÅeÕ©vcbvi gvaÅGg iuvRcywU gvGQi ˆivM cÉwZGiva Kiv mÁ¿e|
m†Rbkxj cÉk²eÅvsK
Dîi msGKZmn cÉk² M. wWg dzUvGbvi ˆÞGò mdjZv jvGf wjQv Kx aiGbi
cÉk² 39 KvKwj gyiwMi evœPv dzUvGbvi RbÅ me mgq c`GÞc wbGqwQGjb? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3
meÆvGcÞv cÉvPxb c«¬wZ AejÁ¼b KGi| wK¯§ ‰GZ ˆm N. wjQv wWg dzUvGbvi ˆh c«¬wZ AejÁ¼b KiGjb Zvi
h^vh^fvGe mdjZv ARÆb KiGZ cviGQ bv| ‰ AeÕ©vq ˆm DcGhvwMZv gƒjÅvqb KGiv| 4
Zvi PvwPGK welqwU Rvbvq| Zvi PvwP ZvGK ejj wWg 40 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
dzUvGbvi AvekÅKxq welq nGjv DchyÚ wWg evQvB Kiv| K ˆgviM gyiwMi wgjGbi ci gyiwM ˆ^GK ˆh wWg cvIqv hvq
ZvGK DeÆi wWg eGj|
wkLbdj-8 I 10
K. eËvngv RvGZi cƒeÆcyi‚l Kx bvGg cwiwPZ? 1 L wjQvi wWg dzUvGZ cÉvK‡wZK c«¬wZ ˆeGQ ˆbevi KviY
(1) ‰ c«¬wZGZ LiP Kg|
L. gyÚfvGe gyiwM cvjGb Kx Kx myweav cvIqv ˆhGZ (2) gyiwMi ˆZgb hð wbGZ nq bv| gyiwM wbGRB evœPvi
Zî½veavb KGi|
cvGi? 2 (3) A`Þ eÅwÚivI ‰ c«¬wZ eÅenvi KiGZ cvGib|
(4) we`yÅr myweav ˆhLvGb ˆbB ˆmLvGb ‰ c«¬wZ ‰Kgvò
M. KvKwji wWg dzUvGbvi c«¬wZwU eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3 Dcvq|
N. KvKwji PvwPi DwÚwU weGkÏlY KGiv| 4 mycvi wUcm&: cÉGqvM I DœPZi `ÞZvi cÉGk²i DîGii
39 bs cÉGk²i Dîi RGbÅ Abyi…c ˆh cÉGki² DîiwU Rvbv ^vKGZ nGe
M wWg wbeÆvPGbi weGePÅ welq I mwVKfvGe wWg msiÞY
K eËvngv RvGZi giy wMi cƒeÆcyi‚l ‘ˆMÉ wPUvMvs’ bvGg cwiwPZ| c«¬wZ eÅvLÅv KGiv|
L gyÚfvGe gyiwM cvjGb gyiwMàGjv w`Gbi ˆejvq evwoi N evsjvG`Gki ˆcÉÞvcGU MÉvgvçGj cÉvK‡wZK c«¬wZGZ wWg
DVvGb, evMvGb I ivÕ¦vq PGi ˆeovq ‰es ivGZ M†nGÕ©i dzUvGbvi ài‚Z½ weGkÏlY KGiv|
evwoGZ AvkÉq ˆbq|
‰ c«¬wZGZ gyiwM cvjGb evBGi ˆ^GK ˆKvb LvG`Åi mieivn
Kiv cÉGqvRb nq bv| weÕ¦xYÆ Rwg weGkl KGi dGji evMvb
^vKGj `yB ˆ^GK wZb nvRvi gyiwM ‰KmvG^ cvjb Kiv hvq|
m®¬Åvi AvGM I Soe†wÓ¡i mgq gyiwMàGjv Avcbv-AvcwbB
M†nGÕ©i evwoGZ AvkÉq ˆbq| ‰fvGe gyÚfvGe gyiwM cvjGb
A͸ LiGP jvfevb nIqv hvq|
mycvi wUcm&: cÉGqvM I DœPZi `ÞZvi cÉGk²i DîGii
RGbÅ Abyi…c ˆh cÉGki² DîiwU Rvbv ^vKGZ nGe
M gyiwMi evœPv dzUvGbvi cÉvPxb c«¬wZwU eÅvLÅv KGiv|
N DchyÚ wWg evQvBGqi weGePÅ welqàGjv weGkÏlY KGiv|
cÉk²40 wjQv wbGRi Avw^ÆK AeÕ©vi D®²qGbi jGÞÅ nuvm-
gyiwM cvjGbi Ici cÉwkÞY wbGjb| cÉwkÞGY nuvm-gyiwM
cvjGbi D®²Z eÅeÕ©vcbv mÁ·GKÆ RvbGZ cviGjI we`yÅGZi
AfvGe wZwb Zv AejÁ¼b KiGZ cviGQb bv| ‰gZveÕ©vq wjQv
cÉvK‡wZK c«¬wZGZ wWg dzwUGq evœPv Drcv`Gbi KvR ÷i‚
KiGjb| ‰ KvGR mdjZv jvGfi RbÅ wZwb mZKÆZvi mvG^
avGc avGc AMÉmi nGjb| wkLbdj-10
K. DeÆi wWg Kx? 1
L. wjQv wWg dzUvGZ ˆKb cÉvK‡wZK c«¬wZ ˆeGQ wbGjb?
eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2
c÷ cvjb 1
Z‡Zxq AaÅvq
c÷ cvjb
mgw®¼Z AaÅvGqi cÉGk²vîi
cÉk²1 wPswo Pvl Mevw`c÷ cvjb evsjvG`Gk wewf®² Õ©vGb Drcvw`Z cYÅ evRviRvZ KGi
gvbyGli ˆgŒwjK Pvwn`v cƒiY nGœQ| evRviRvZKiY mwVK
ŠeG`wkK gy`Ëv ARÆb A 1 I 3 AaÅvGqi mg®¼Gq wbqGg KiGj Drcvw`Z cGYÅi bÅvhÅgƒjÅ cvIqv hvq I ˆfvÚvi
KvGQ àYMZgvb mÁ·®² cYÅ cÉvwµ¦ wbwøZ nq| dGj cGYÅi
K. gwnGli ZoKv ˆivGMi Aci bvg Kx? 1 AcPq nËvm cvq ‰es ŠeG`wkK gy`Ëv ARÆb evGo| KviY ‰GZ
iµ¦vwb evRvi mÁ·ÉmvwiZ nq|
L. Mevw`c÷i ˆMvjK‡wg ˆivGMi cÉwZKvi eÅvLÅv KGiv|2 Mevw`c÷ nGZ Drcvw`Z cYÅ `ya, gvsm, Pvgov I AbÅvbÅ
DcRvZ ‰es gvsm cYÅ wPswo I gvQ `Ë‚Z cPbkxj `ËeÅ| ‰me
M. cÉevn wPòwU eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3 `ËeÅ hw` mwVKfvGe I `Ë‚ZZi mgGq evRviRvZ Kiv bv nq,
ZGe Pvwli eÅvcK ÞwZ nGe ‰es ˆfvÚvI àYMZgvb mÁ·®²
N. Rxebhvòvi gvb D®²qGb DwÍÏwLZ LvZ `ywUi cYÅ cvGe bv|
ZvB ejv hvq, Rxebhvòvi gvb D®²qGb DóxcGK DwÍÏwLZ LvZ
mwVKfvGe evRviRvZKiGYi àiZ‚ ½ gƒjÅvqb KGiv| 4 `ywUi mwVKfvGe evRviRvZKiGYi àiZ‚ ½ Acwimxg|
1 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
K gwnGli ZoKv ˆivGMi Aci bvg nGjv ‰b^ËvÝ|
L Mevw`c÷i ˆMvjK‡wg ˆivM ‰KwU ciRxexRwbZ ˆivM| cÉk² 2 övgÅgvY Av`vjZ i…ccyi MÉvGgi nvGU ‰KwU weGkl
‰ ˆivM `ƒixKiGY K‡wgbvkK Ilya ˆhgb: ˆdbGe´£vRj,
wjfvwgGmvj BZÅvw` LvIqvGZ nGe| evQyGii eqm 3 gvm nGjB Awfhvb PvwjGq `yGai we÷«¬Zv I gvGQi digvwjb cixÞv
‰GK wbqwgZ K‡wgbvkK Ilay LvIqvGbv ÷i‚ KiGZ nGe|
ˆMvqvjNGii ˆMvei I AveRÆbv wbqwgZ cwiÓ•vi KGi `ƒGi MZÆ KGib| Zviv `yGai we÷«¬Zv cixÞvi RbÅ jÅvKGUvwgUvi I
KGi ivLGZ nGe| c÷GK ˆiŒ`Ëä¾j Õ©vGb PoGZ w`GZ nGe|
evmÕ©vb wbqwgZ RxevYybvkK w`Gq ayGq w`GZ nGe| mGeÆvcwi, gvGQi digvwjb kbvÚKvix wKU eÅenvi KGi digvwjb wbYÆq
dvGgÆi evGqvwmwKDwiwU eRvq ivLGZ nGe| ‰fvGe, Mevw`c÷i
ˆMvjK‡wg ˆivM cÉwZKvi Kiv hvq| KGib| ‰fvGe Zviv nvGUi ˆewkifvM `yGa I gvGQ welvÚ
ivmvqwbK c`v^Æ kbvÚ KGib| cieZÆxGZ Zviv DcwÕ©Z ˆKÌZv
mvaviYG`iGK jÞY ˆ`GL wbivc` I Awbivc` gvQ kbvÚ
Kivi Dcvq RvwbGq ˆ`b| A 1 I 3 AaÅvGqi mg®¼Gq
M DóxcGK DwÍÏwLZ cÉevn wPòwUGZ ˆ`LvGbv nGqGQ Mevw`c÷ K. wngvwqZKiY Kx? 1
cvjb I wPswo Pvl Dfq nGZB ŠeG`wkK gy`Ëv ARÆb Kiv hvq|
evsjvG`Gki A^ÆbxwZGZ wPswo AZů¦ ài‚Z½cƒYÆ f„wgKv cvjb L. evsjvG`Gk cÉPwjZ c«¬wZGZ ÷uUwKKiGYi
KGi| ˆ`Gk cÉwZeQi iµ¦vwbK‡Z grmÅ I grmÅRvZ cGYÅi cÉvq
65% wPswo| 2014-15 mvGj wngvwqZ wPswoi iµ¦vwbi cwigvY AmyweavàGjv eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2
0.83 jÞ ˆgwUÇK Ub hvi gƒjÅ 4660.60 ˆKvwU UvKv| Avevi,
Mevw`c÷i Pvgov I PvgovRvZ `ËeÅmn AbÅvbÅ Ask I M. övgÅgvY Av`vjZ KxfvGe `yGai cixÞvwU KGi?
c÷RvZ `ËeÅ nGZ iµ¦vwbGhvMÅ `ËeÅmvgMÉx Drcv`Gbi gvaÅGg
cÉPzi ŠeG`wkK gy`Ëv ARÆb Kiv nq| 2015-16 A^ÆeQGi ˆgvU eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3
ˆ`kR Drcv`Gb ‰ LvGZi Ae`vb 4.31 kZvsk ÷ay Pvgov
ˆ^GK| Avi 2015-16 mvGj c÷RvZ `ËeÅvw` ˆ^GK cÉvq 32.9 N. ˆKÌZv mvaviYGK ˆ`Iqv övgÅgvY Av`vjGZi
nvRvi ˆKvwU UvKv Avq nGqGQ|
AZ‰e, ejv hvq, cÉevn wPGò cÉ`wkÆZ Mevw`c÷ I wPswo civgkÆwU gƒjÅvqb KGiv| 4
ˆ`Gki ŠeG`wkK gy`Ëv ARÆGb ài‚Z½cƒYÆ f„wgKv cvjb KGi|
2 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
K ˆh c«¬wZGZ gvQ ev wPswoi ˆ`Gni Zvcgvòv 1-3
ˆmjwmqvm ‰i gGaÅ bvwgGq Avbv nq ZvB wngvwqZKiY|
N DóxcGK DwÍÏwLZ LvZ `ywU nGjv c÷cvjb I wPswo Pvl| L evsjvG`Gk cÉPwjZ c«¬wZGZ gvQ ÷uUwKKiGY ˆek wKQy
‰ `ywU cYÅ I cYÅRvZ `ËGeÅi mwVKfvGe evRviRvZKiGYi Amyweav cwijwÞZ nq|
Ici jvfevb nIqv Z^v Rxebhvòvi gvGbv®²qb wbfÆi KGi| ÷KvGbvi ci ˆKvGbv ˆKvGbv ˆÞGò weGkl aiGbi MG®¬i
KviGY ˆKÌZvG`i wbKU ÷uUwK MÉnYGhvMÅ nq bv| gvGQi
÷uUwKKiY mÁ·ƒYÆ AvenvIqvi Ici wbfÆikxj| ˆhgb- Av`ËÆZv
ˆewk nGj gvQ ÷KvGZ ˆewk mgq jvMGe| ò‚wUcƒYÆ I
2 cvGéix m†Rbkxj K‡wlwkÞv w«¼Zxq cò ‰Kv`k-«¼v`k ˆkÉwY
A‹eævwbK DcvGq à`vgRvZKiGYi dGjI ‰i àYMZgvb bÓ¡ K. Mevw`c÷i ÞzivGivGMi KviY Kx? 1
nGZ cvGi| AvgvG`i ˆ`Gk AwaKvsk ˆÞGò AÕ¼vÕ©ÅKi
cwiGeGk ÷uUwK Kiv nq| AGbK mgq is ˆ`Iqv nq hv L. `yGai AÅvjGKvnj cixÞv ejGZ Kx ˆevS? 2
Õ¼vGÕ©Åi RbÅ ÞwZKi|
M. Avwid mvGnGei cyKzGii gvQàGjv ˆKvb ˆivGM
M övgÅgvY Av`vjZ i…ccyi MÉvGgi nvGU weGkl Awfhvb
PvwjGq `yGai we÷«¬Zv cixÞv KGib| Zviv jÅvKGUvwgUvGii AvKÌv¯¦? cÉwZKvimn eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3
gvaÅGg `yGai we÷«¬Zv cixÞv KGib|
‰ c«¬wZGZ Zviv cÉ^Gg ‰KwU KvGPi wmwj´£vicƒYÆ KGi `ya N. Avwid mvGnGei MvwfwUi `ya Drcv`b e†w«¬GZ wdΣ
ˆbb| cGi jÅvKGUvwgUviGK wmwj´£vGii `yGa Wzevq|
jÅvKGUvwgUvi wÕ©i nGj cvk ˆ^GK wiwWs ˆbb| mvaviYZ mycvifvBRvGii civgkÆ gƒjÅvqb KGiv| 4
60 dvGibnvBU Zvcgvòv wewkÓ¡ `yGai AvGcwÞK ài‚Z½ Zviv 3 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
mivmwi ˆbb| ZGe `yGai Zvcgvòvq ZviZGgÅi ˆÞGò wiwWs
K Mevw`c÷i ÞzivGivGMi KviY fvBivm|
msGkvab KGi ˆbb| ˆhgb- 60 dvGibnvBGUi AwaK nGj
cÉwZ wWwMÉ Zvcgvòvi RbÅ wiwWs ‰i mvG^ 0.1 ˆhvM KGib I L `yGai AÅvjGKvnj cixÞvi «¼viv ‰GZ we`Ågvb jÅvKwUK
Kg nGj 0.1 weGqvM KGib| Õ¼vfvweK `yGai AvGcwÞK ài‚Z½ ‰wmW (Lactic acid) ‰i cwigvY wbYÆq Kiv nq|
1.028 ˆ^GK 1.031 ‰i gGaÅ ^vGK| ZvB `yGai AvGcwÞK `yGa mvaviYZ 0.10 ˆ^GK 0.20% jÅvKwUK ‰wmW ^vGK|
ài‚Z½ hw` 1.028 ‰i wbGP nq ZGe ‰GZ cvwb ˆgkvGbv nGqGQ wK¯§ eÅvKGUwiqvj e†w«¬ ˆewk nGj ‰B ‰wmGWi cwigvY ˆeGo
‰es 1.032 ‰i AwaK nGj `yGai dÅvU ZzGj àou v `ya ev gq`v hvq| B^vBj AÅvjGKvnj «¼viv ‰B cixÞv Kiv nq| ‰KviGYB
ˆgkvGbv nGqGQ eGj Zviv aGi ˆbb| ‰i bvg `yGai AÅvjGKvnj cixÞv| mvaviYZ `yGai ˆcÉvwUb
‰fvGeB, `ya we÷«¬ bv Awe÷«¬ övgÅgvb Av`vjZ wbYÆq Zv ˆfGO wZZv Õ¼v` ŠZwi KGi ‰es Lactic acid Drc®² nq|
cixÞvi gvaÅGg KGib|
M Avwid mvGnGei cyKzGii gvQàGjv ˆjR I cvLbv cPv ˆivGM
N övgÅgvY Av`vjGZi eÅwÚiv i…ccyi MÉvGgi nvGUi `ya I AvKÌv¯¦|
gvQ cixÞv KGi nvGU DcwÕ©Z ˆKÌZv mvaviYGK jÞY ˆ`GL ‰ ˆivGM gvGQi ˆ`Gni wcwœQj c`v^Æ KGg hvq| ˆjR I
wbivc` I Awbivc` gvQ kbvÚ Kivi Dcvq eGj ˆ`b| cvLbvq mv`vGU `vM ˆ`Lv hvq| ˆjR I cvLbvq cPb aGi ‰es
Zviv eGjb, Awbivc` gvGQi PÞzGMvjK dÅvKvGk I wfZGii LGm cGo| ‰ ˆivGMi cÉwZKvi Kivi RbÅ cyKzGi ŠRe mvi
w`GK XzKvGbv ^vGK| ˆ`n wcwœQj ^vGK bv, ˆek ÷Ó• nq| cÉGqvM KgvGZ nGe| wbqwgZ Rvj ev niiv ˆUGb cyKzGii Zjvq
gvsmGcwk I Auvk kÚ ^vGK| gvGQi Õ¼vfvweK M®¬ ^vGK bv welvÚ MÅvm KgvGZ nGe| gRy`K‡Z gvGQi NbZ½ nËvm KiGZ
‰es ‰GZ gvwQ eGm bv| Avi wbivc` gvGQi ˆÞGò ‰àGjvi nGe| cyKzGi cÉwZ kZvsGk 1 ˆKwR nvGi Pzb cÉGqvM KiGZ
wecixZ jÞYmgƒn ˆ`Lv hvq| nGe| cÉwZ ˆKwR LvG`Åi mvG^ 25 wgMÉvg ˆUUÇvmvBwKÑb wgwkGq
‰B c«¬wZGZ nvGU DcwÕ©Z eÅwÚiv wbivc` I Awbivc` gvQ cici Pvi w`b w`GZ nGe| ˆcvbv gvGQ 1 wcwc‰g ZzuZ `ËeGY
wPwn×Z KiGZ cviGeb| Zviv Awbivc` ev digvwjbhyÚ gvQ mµ¦vGn 2 w`b PzweGq RxevYygyÚ KGi cwiÓ•vi cvwbGZ ˆQGo
KÌq ˆ^GK weiZ ^vKGeb| ‰GZ Zviv Õ¼vÕ©Ånvwb nIqv I w`GZ nGe|
wewf®² ˆivM nGZ gywÚ cvGeb| DwÍÏwLZ DcvGq Avwid mvGne Zvi cyKzGii gvGQi ˆivM `ƒi
AZ‰e, ejv hvq, ˆKZÌ v mvaviYGK ˆ`Iqv övgÅgvY Av`vjGZi KiGZ cviGeb|
civgkÆwU hywÚhyÚ|
N Avwid mvGnGei MvwfwUi `ya Drcv`b e†w«¬GZ wdΣ
cÉk² 3 Avwid mvGne ‘‰KwU evwo ‰KwU Lvgvi’ cÉKG͸i mycvifvBRvi Avwid mvGneGK mylg LvG`Åi civgkÆ ˆ`b| ˆh
gGWj Abyhvqx evwoi AvwObvq kvKmewR Avev`, cyKzGi gvQ LvG`Å c÷i cÉGqvRbxq mKj AZÅvekÅKxq cywÓ¡ Dcv`vb
Pvl ‰es `ywU QvMj, ‰KwU Mvwf I `kwU KeZy i cvjb ÷i‚ DchyÆÚ cwigvGY I AbycvGZ ^vGK ZvGK c÷i mylg Lv`Å eGj|
KGib| wKQyw`b ci gvQ AvniYKvGj ˆ`GLb wKQy gvGQi cvLbv Mvwfi `ya Drcv`Gbi cwigvY I àYMZgvb ‰G`i cÉ`vbK‡Z
I ˆjGRi gv^vq mv`v mv`v `vM| Avevi wKQy gvGQi cvLbv Lv`Å Dcv`vGbi Ici wbfÆi KGi| MvwfGK mylg Lv`Å bv
cGP LGm cGoGQ ‰es MvGq wcwœQj AveiYI ˆbB| Aciw`GK LvIqvGj `ya Drcv`Gbi cwigvY AvkâvRbKfvGe KGg hvq
Zvi MvwfwUi `ya Drcv`bI KGg wMGqGQ| ‰gZveÕ©vq, wZwb ‰es `yGai àYMZgvb nËvm cvq| KviY mylg LvG`Å we`Ågvb
wdΣ mycvifvBRvGii kiYvc®² nGjb| wdΣ mycvifvBRvi Dcv`vbàGjv wf®² AeÕ©vq `yGai gvaÅGg wbtm†Z nq| `yGa
ZvGK gvQàGjv ˆivMvKÌv¯¦ eGj Rvbvb| cwiGkGl, wZwb Avwid gvLGbi cwigvY KGg ˆMGj Lv`Å cwieZÆb KGi cÉGqvRbxq
mvGneGK gvGQi ˆivGMi cÉwZKvi eÅeÕ©vi cvkvcvwk MvwfwUi mylg Lv`Å LvIqvGZ nGe| `yGa LwbR c`v^Æ I Lv`ÅcÉvGYi
`ya Drcv`b e†w«¬i RbÅ mylg Lv`Å cÉ`vGbi civgkÆ w`Gjb| C cwigvY Mvwfi LvG`Åi gvaÅGg evovGbv hvq| MvwfGK mylg
Lv`Å bv w`Gj `yGa mvgvbÅ gvòvq Avwgl I kKÆivRvZxq
1 I 3 AaÅvGqi mg®¼Gq Dcv`vb cvIqv hvq|
AZ‰e, ejv hvq, Avwid mvGneGK wdΣ mycvifvBRvGii
civgkÆwU hywÚhyÚ|
c÷ cvjb 3
cÉk² 4 nvGkg I iwk` `yB fvB| nvGkg Zvi evwoi cvGk 2. Avq
500wU eËqjvi gyiwMi Lvgvi ŠZwi KGi Aciw`GK iwk` D®²Z K. eËqjvi weKÌq: cÉwZwU eËqjvGii Mo IRb 1.50 ˆKwR ‰es
msKi RvGZi Mi‚ KÌq KGi Lvgvi ŠZwi KGi| ‰fvGe Zviv `yB cÉwZ ˆKwR 125 UvKv wnGmGe = 252201.5125 =
fvB jvfevb nq| A 2 I 3 AaÅvGqi mg®¼Gq 47,28,750/-
K. nvGoi àuov ˆKvb cywÓ¡ Dcv`vGbi Drm? 1 L. wjUvi weKÌq: 8000/-
L. Avi wW‰ c«¬wZGZ c÷i evmÕ©vb ŠZwii c«¬wZwU M. eÕ¦v weKqÌ : 3000/-
eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2 ˆgvU Avq = 47,39,750/-
M. nvGkGgi LvgvGii cÉK‡Z jvGfi cwigvY wbYÆq KGiv|3 cÉK‡Z jvf = (ˆgvU Avq @ ˆgvU eÅq) = 47,39,750 @
N. RvZ wbeÆvPGb iwkG`i wm«¬vG¯¦i mwVKZv hvPvB 38,36,458 = 9,03,292
KGiv| 4 A^Ævr, nvGkg Zvi Lvgvi ˆ^GK 9,03,292 UvKv jvf KGi|
4 bs cÉGki² Dîi N c÷ Lvgvi Õ©vcb Kivi ˆÞGò iwk` D®Z² msKi RvGZi
K nvGoi àuov dmdivm ‰i Drm| Mi‚ wbeÆvPb KGiwQj|
L AviwW‰ c«¬wZi Mi‚i evmÕ©vb ŠZwiGZ ‰KwU bZzb D®²Z RvGZi lvu Goi mvG^ ˆ`wk eKbv ev Mvwfi cÉRbb NwUGq
c«¬wZ| ‰ c«¬wZGZ ˆ`vZvjv Ni ŠZwi Kiv nq| wbPZjvq D®²Z msKi RvGZi Mi‚ Drcv`b Kiv nq| KvGRB msKi RvZ
c`Æv w`Gq ‰es ˆ`vZjvq ˆjvnvi ˆeÓ¡wb w`Gq evmÕ©vb ŠZwi nGjv wgkÉRvZ|
Kiv nq| wmwoGZ avc ŠZwi Kiv nq bv ‰es LmLGm ivLv nq| D®²Z msKiRvGZi Mi‚ ˆ`wk RvGZi Mi‚ nGZ AvKvGi AGbK
‰B c«¬wZGZ Mevw` c÷i cqtwbÓ•vkGb hð wbGZ nq ‰es eo nq| Mvwfi IRb 300-400 ˆKwR I luvGoi IRb 400-
‰i mvG^ evGqvMÅvm µÏv´ŸI Õ©vcb Kiv nq| 500 ˆKwR chƯ¦ nq| ‰iv ˆ`wk Mvwf nGZ AGbK ˆewk `ya
M nvGkg Zvi evwoi cvGk 500wU eËqjvi gyiwM wbGq Lvgvi ˆ`q| ‰B RvGZi Mvwf ˆ^GK Š`wbK mGevÆ œP 25 wjUvi `ya
ŠZwi KGi jvfevb nb| Zvi LvgvGii- cvIqv mÁ¿e| ˆ`wk Mi‚i ˆPGq ‰G`i ˆ^GK gvsmI ˆewk cvIqv
1. AveZÆK LiP hvq| msKivqGYi dGj wRGbi mswgkÉY NGU eGj cieZÆx
K. cÉwZ mµ¦vGni cÉwZ eÅvGP 500wU KGi 3% g†Z aGi 52 cÉRG¯Ãi ˆivM cÉwZGivaI cwiGeGki mvG^ Lvc LvIqvGbvi
ÞgZv e†w«¬ cvq| D®Z² msKi RvGZi Mi‚i eqtcÉvwµ¦Kvj ˆ`wk
eÅvGP ˆgvU gyiwM 25220wU 1 w`b eqGmi (cÉwZwUi `vg Mi‚i ˆPGq AvGM nq ‰es cÉ^g evœPvI AvGM cÉ`vb KGi| ‰iv
30 UvKv wnGmGe) Rwg Pvl I Mvwo Uvbvi RbÅI ˆ`wk Mi‚i PvBGZ ˆewk
ˆgvU `vg = 7,56,600/- DcGhvMx| ZvQvov, AvgvG`i ˆ`Gki AvenvIqv 50% D®²Z
L. Lv`Å: cÉwZwU gyiwMi 5 ˆKwR KGi RbÅ ‰es cÉwZ ˆKwR msKi RvGZi Mi‚ cvjGbi RbÅ DcGhvMx|
myZivs ejv hvq, c÷Lvgvi Õ©vcGb iwkG`i D®²Z msKi RvZ
Lv`Å 20 UvKv wnGmGe = 25220520 wbeÆvPb AZů¦ hywÚhÚy wQj|
= 25,22,000/-
M. kÉgkwÚ
i. gÅvGbRvi: 1 Rb (15000 UvKv / gvm) 1 eQi = 1,80,000/- cÉk² 5
ii. Awdm mnKvwi: 1 Rb (8000 UvKv / gvm) 1 eQi = 96,000/- kvKmewR B
iii. `Þ kÉwgK: 2 Rb (6000 UvKv / gvm) 1 eQi = 1,44,000/-
iv. cvnviv`vi (MvWÆ): 1 Rb (2500 UvKv/gvm) 1 eQi = A grmÅ
Lvgvi
30,000/-
N. ÞqÞwZ I AePqRwbZ (ˆWwcÉwmGqkb) LiP Mevw`c÷
i. AeKvVvGgv eve` (evwlÆK ˆgvU UvKv 452700 ‰i A 1, 2 I 3 AaÅvGqi mg®¼Gq
2% nvGi) = 9,054/-
K. ˆKvwiGq´Ÿ Kx? 1
ii. h¯¨cvwZ I Avmevecò eve` (ˆgvU UvKv 32200 ‰i
10% nvGi) = 3,220/- L. gvQ cÉwKÌqvRvZKiGYi cÉGqvRbxqZv eÅvLÅv KGiv? 2
O. gƒjaGbi Dci eÅvsGKi my` (ˆgvU Õ©vqx LiP 484900 M. ‘B’ Drm nGZ ŠZwiK‡Z mvi «¼viv Drcvw`Z dmj
‰i 16% nvGi) = 77,584/-
wbivc` nIqvi KviY eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3
N. evsjvG`Gki ˆcÉÞvcGU DóxcGK DwÍÏwLZ ‘A’
P. we`yÅr, cvwb eve` LiP, wjUvi eve` LiP = 10,000/- LvgvGii ài‚Z½ weGkÏlY KGiv| 4
Q. Jla I wUKv eve` LiP I wewea = 8,000/- 5 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
ˆgvU AveZÆK LiP = 38,36,458/- K evev-gv wenxb evQyiB nGjv ˆKvwiGq´Ÿ|
4 cvGéix m†Rbkxj K‡wlwkÞv w«¼Zxq cò ‰Kv`k-«¼v`k ˆkÉwY
L gvQ cÉwKÌqvRvZKiY ejGZ gvGQi àYMZ gvb AcwiewZÆZ ‰me DcKvGii RbÅ K‡lKiv RwgGZ ‰B mvi cÉGqvM KGi
ˆiGL ‰KwU wbw`ÆÓ¡ mgq chƯ¦ gvQGK LvIqvi DcGhvMx KGi ivmvqwbK mvGii eÅenvGii cwigvY KgvGZ cvGib, hv Lv`ÅGK
ivLvi RbÅ wewf®² c«¬wZGZ gvQ msiÞY KivGK ˆevSvq| welwKÌqv nGZ iÞv KGi I wbivc` ivGL|
cÉwKÌqvRvZ KiGYi gvaÅGg gvGQi cPb ˆiva KGi Zv UvUKv
ivLv nq| wbw`ÆÓ¡ mgGqi RbÅ gvQ LvIqvi DcGhvMx KGi ivLv N DóxcGK DwÍÏwLZ ‘A’ LvgviwU nGjv cvwievwiK Lvgvi|
hvq| gvGQi myÓ¤z evRviRvZKiY Kiv hvq| ‰GZ gvQ fvGjv cvwievwiK LvgvGii gvaÅGg K‡lK cwievi kmÅ, kvKmewR,
`vGg wewKÌ Kiv hvq| gvGQi àYMZgvb wVK ˆiGL fvGjv gƒjÅ Mevw`c÷, nuvm-gyiwM I grmÅ Drcv`b KGi ^vGK|
cvIqv hvq| K‡lKiv A͸ gƒjaGbi gvaÅGg ‰ Lvgvi ŠZwi KiGZ cvGib, hv
cwievGii fiY-ˆcvlY wgwUGq evowZ AvGqi Drm wnGmGe KvR
M DóxcGK DwÍÏwLZ ‘B’ DrmwU nGjv ˆcvwΟÈ| KGi| ‰ LvgvGii gvaÅGg cwievGii Lv`Å I cywÓ¡i Pvwn`v cƒiY
ˆcvwÎŸÈ LvgvGii eRÅÆ àGjvGK cÉwKÌqvRvZ KGi ŠRe mvi ŠZwi Kiv hvq| ˆeKvi m`mÅG`i KgÆGÞò ŠZwi nq| evowZ AvGqi
Kiv nq| ‰ mvi gvwUGZ cÉGqvM KiGj Zv gvwUi cvwb myGhvM nq| Mevw`c÷ I nuvm-gyiwM cvjGbi gvaÅGg AvMvQv I
aviYÞgZv evovq| gvwUÕ© DcKvix AYyRxeGK wKÌqvkxj dmGji eRÆÅ I DcRvZmgƒGni mwVK eÅenvi wbwøZ nq|
ivGL| gvwUi ˆfŒZ I ivmvqwbK àYvewj D®Z² KGi| ŠRe mvi AvgvG`i ˆ`Gki K‡lKiv AGbK `wi`Ë| ZvG`i AGbGKB A͸
eÅenvGi ivmvqwbK mvGii cwigvY Kg jvGM, dGj Drcv`b gƒjab w`Gq cvwievwiK Lvgvi KGi jvfevb nGZ cvGib|
LiP KGg| ‰B mvi cwiGek ev®¬e| KvGRB ‰B mvi dmGji AZ‰e ejv hvq, DóxcGK DwÍÏwLZ cvwievwiK LvgviwU
RwgGZ eÅenvGii dGj evwoi cwiGek `ƒlYgyÚ I cwiœQ®² evsjvG`Gki ˆcÉÞvcGU AGbK ài‚Z½cƒYÆ|
^vKGe| ‰Qvov ŠRe mvi gvwUi DeÆiZv e†w«¬ KGi dmGji
Drcv`b evovGbv hvq|
cixÞvq Kgb ˆcGZ AbbÅ cGÉ k²vîi
cÉk² 6 nvweeiy ingvb 5wU ˆ`kxq Mvwf wewKÌ KGi 2wU M nvweeiy ingvb kvnxIqvj RvGZi Mvwf KÌq KGiwQGjb|
DcgnvG`Gk ‰wU `yavGjv Mvwfi RvZ wnGmGe mycwiwPZ|
D®²ZRvGZi Mvwf KÌq KGib| Zvi Mvwf `yGUvi MvGqi is kvnxIqvj RvGZi Mvwf AvKvGi ˆek jÁv¼ , DuPz I ewjÓ¤| Mvwfi
IRb 400-450 ˆKwR nq| ‰G`i MvGqi is nvjKv jvj ev
nvjKv jvj, IRb 400-450 ˆKwR ‰es IjvbMÉw¯© ˆek eo ev`vgx| ‰G`i KzuR AZů¦ DuPz, MjKÁ¼j eo I SzjvGbv| ‰
RvGZi Mvwfi gv^v LvGUv ‰es wks ˆQvU wK¯§ ˆgvUv, Kcvj I
I Szj¯¦| ‰i AvGM wZwb D®²Z RvGZi Mvwf cvjGbi c«¬wZ wks ‰i gaÅeZÆx Õ©vb DuPz nq| Mvwfi wks ‰i ˆMvov big nq|
‰G`i ˆjR ˆek jÁ¼v, cÉvq gvwU QyuGq hvq ‰es ˆjGRi ˆMvovq
cÉvwYmÁ·` KgÆKZÆvi KvQ ˆ^GK ˆRGb ˆbb| ˆm Abyhvqx `kÆbxq ‰KGMvQv KvGjv is ‰i Pzj ^vGK| kvnxIqvj Mvwfi
Ijvb ˆek eo I Szj¯¦| ‰ RvGZi Mvwf nGZ Š`wbK mGeÆvœP
nvweeiy ingvb Mvwf jvjb cvjb KiGZ ^vGKb| dGj Mvwf 15 wjUvi `ya cvIqv hvq| ‰iv eQGi cÉvq 300 w`b `ya w`Gq
^vGK| evwlÆK `ya Drcv`bÞgZv 3000-4000 wjUvi| ‰G`i
cvjGb wZwb mdjZv jvf KGib|A wkLbdj-1, 2 I 3 `yGa PweÆi cwigvY 4.5%| A
K. Mi‚i msKi RvZ Kx? 1 N nvweeiy ingvb 5wU ˆ`wkq Mvwf wewKÌ KGi 2wU D®²Z
kvnxIqvj RvGZi Mvwf KÌq KGiGQb| kvnxIqvj RvGZi Mvwf
L. c÷i mylg LvG`Åi cGÉ qvRbxqZv eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2 `ya Drcv`Gbi RbÅ weLÅvZ|
AvgvG`i ˆ`wkq Mvwfi Drcv`b ÞgZv Kg| ‰iv gƒjZ
M. nvweeiy ingvb ˆKvb RvGZi Mvwf KÌq KGiwQGjb? cwikÉgx RvZ| ‰iv AvKvGi ˆQvU ‰es ‰ RvGZi ej` Pvlvev`
I fvienGbi KvGR DcGhvMx| AvgvG`i ˆ`wkq Mvwfi `ya
eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3 Drcv`b ÞgZv Š`wbK 1 ˆ^GK 5 wjUvi chƯ¦ ‰es `ya
cÉ`vGbi mgqKvjI LyeB Kg| ‰Qvov ‰G`i `yGa PweÆi
N. nvweeiy ingvGbi wm«¬v¯¦ h^v^Æ wQj wKbv? gZvgZ cwigvYI AGbK Kg| AcicGÞ weG`wk D®²Z RvGZi Mvwfi
Drcv`b ÞgZv AGbK ˆewk| ‰iv AvKvGi AGbK eo nq|
`vI| 4 ‰G`i `ya Drcv`b ÞgZv AGbK ˆewk hv Š`wbK 10 wjUvi
ˆ^GK 35 wjUvi chƯ¦ nGq ^vGK| ‰G`i `ya cÉ`vGbi
6 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
K ‰K RvGZi luvGoi mvG^ wf®² RvGZi eKbv ev Mvwfi
wgkÉGY ˆh Mi‚ Drcvw`Z nq ˆmB Mi‚i RvZB nGjv msKi
RvZ| A
L mylg LvG`Å kixGii RbÅ cÉGqvRbxq mgÕ¦ Lv`Å
Dcv`vbàGjv AvbycvwZK nvGi we`Ågvb ^vGK| c÷GK mylg
Lv`Å LvIqvGj- A͸mgGq eo AvKvGii myÕ© mej c÷ cvIqv
hvq; c÷i gvsm I `yGai àYMZ gvGbi D®²qGbi cvkvcvwk
Drcv`b e†w«¬ cvq; c÷ myÕ© mej ^vGK ‰es ˆivM Kg nq;
c÷i AcywÓ¡RwbZ mgmÅv Kg nq, g†ZzÅnvi nËvm cvq; mGevÆ cwi
LvgvGii mvweÆK jvf ˆewk nq|
ZvB c÷i mylg LvG`Åi cÉGqvRbxqZv Acwimxg| A
c÷ cvjb 5
mgqKvjI ˆewk nq| ‰G`i `yGai PweiÆ cwigvYI ˆ`wkq Mvwfi RbÅ 5 dzU RvqMvi cÉGqvRb nq ‰es cÉwZwU Mvwfi
RvGZi Mvwfi ˆPGq AGbK ˆewk| mvgGb Lv`Å cvò emvGbvi RbÅ 2 dzU RvqMv ivLGZ nq| DÚ
‰B evÕ¦eZvq D®²Z RvGZi Mvwf cvjGbi gvaÅGg Lv`Åcvò Lv`Å I cvwbi RbÅ eÅen†Z nq| ‰K mvwiGZ Mvwf
evwYwRÅKfvGe `y™¬ Lvgvi cÉwZÓ¤v eZÆgvGb ‰KwU jvfRbK ivLGj Lv`Å cvGòi wecixZ w`GK A^Ævr Mvwfi ˆcQGb 1 dzU
eÅemv| ˆ`Gki wewf®² AçGj ˆQvU ˆQvU ‰B aiGbi Lvgviàwj PIov AMfxi ˆWÈb ivLGZ nq| NGii ˆgGSi ˆcQb w`GK 1.5-
ˆeKvi hey KG`i KvGQ KgÆmsÕ©vGbi RbÅ LyeB AvKlÆYxq ˆckv 2.0 Bwç Xvjy ^vKGe hvGZ gjgƒò I Ni ˆavqvi cvwb ˆWÈb
wnGmGe weGewPZ nGœQ| ‰ aiGbi Lvgvi Õ©vcGbi dGj ˆ`Gki w`Gq evBGii cÉavb b`Ægvq wMGq coGZ cvGi| `y’mvwiGZ ivLvi
`yGai Pvwn`vI AGbKUv cƒiY nGœQ ‰es A^ÆbxwZGZ eÅvcK myweavhÚy Ni `y’fvGe nGZ cvGi, ˆhgb gyGLvgywL `uvovGbv
Ae`vb ivLGQ|
c«¬wZ ‰es wecixZgyLx `uvovGbv c«¬wZ| gyGLvgywL `uvovGbv
DcwiDÚ AvGjvPbvi cwiGcwÞGZ wbwøZfvGeB ejv hvq, c«¬wZi Ni ŠZwi KiGZ gvGS 4 dzU PIov hvZvqvGZi ev Lv`Å
nvweeiy ingvGbi 5wU ˆ`wkq Mvwf wewKÌ KGi 2wU D®²Z RvGZi mieivGni c^ ivLGZ nGe| Zvici `y’mvwiGZ 2 dzU PIov
Mvwf KqÌ KGi cvjb Kivi wm«¬v¯¦wU h^v^Æ wQGjv| A
KGi Lv`Å cvò, 5 dzU PIov KGi Mvwf `uvovGbvi Õ©vb ‰es 1
cÉk² 7 miKvGii hey D®²qb Awa`µ¦i Mvwf cvjb ‰i Ici dzU PIov ˆWÈb ŠZwi KiGZ nGe| wecixZgyLx NGii Dfq cÉvG¯¦
cÉwkÞY I FY w`Gq ^vGK| A͸ eqGm Õ¼vgx gviv ˆMGj 4 dzU KGi Lv`Å mieivGni c^ ^vKGe| ‰ici Dfqw`GK 2
w`Gknviv ˆiGeKv mvfvi hey D®q² b ˆK±`Ê ˆ^GK cÉwkÞY I FY dzU PIov KGi Lv`Å I cvwbi cvò ^vKGe| ‰ici cvGk
MÉnY KGib| ‰Qvov NGii ˆcQGbi ˆiBw´ŸÈ MvQwU wewKÌ KGiI `y’mvwi Mvwf ivLvi RvqMv ^vKGe| cÉwZwU Mvwfi RbÅ 4 dzU
wKQy UvKv msMÉn KGib| ‰ A^Æ w`Gq ˆiGeKv NGii `wÞYcvGk¼Æ cvGk¼Æ I 5 dzU jÁv¼ KGi Õ¡j ŠZwi KiGZ nGe| Mvwfi ˆcQGb
`wÞYgyLx ‰KwU ˆMvqvjNi wbgÆvY KGib ‰es msKi RvGZi `y’mvwiGZ 1 dzU PIov bvjv ^vKGe| `y’w`GK bvjvi gvSLvGb 5
`ywU `yavGjv Mvwf KÌq KGi jvjb cvjb KiGZ ^vGKb| wZwb dzU PIov mvaviY PjvPGji c^ ^vKGe| NGii ‰KcÉvG¯¦ ‰KUz
wbGRB ‰G`i cwiPhÆv I Lv`Å eÅeÕ©vcbv KGib| ‰fvGe cuvP `ƒGi ‰KwU eo MZÆ ŠZwi KGZ nGe, hvGZ Mvwfi gjgƒò I
eQi Mvwf cvjb KGi wZwb FY cwiGkva KGiGQb ‰es msmvGi AbÅvbÅ AveRÆbv ˆWÈb w`Gq K„Gc wMGq Rgv nq|
mœQjZvi gyL ˆ`GLGQb| ‰Lb wZwb 6wU Mvwfi gvwjK| C N DóxcGK DwÍÏwLZ ˆiGeKv hey D®q² b cÉwkÞY ˆK±`Ê nGZ
cÉwkÞY MÉnGYi gvaÅGg wbGR ‰KwU ˆQvU cwimGi `y™¬ Lvgvi
wkLbdj-1 I 4 Õ©vcb KGib ev `y™¬eZx Mvwf cvjb ÷i‚ KGib| ˆiGeKvi
`y™¬eZx Mvwf cvjb `vwi`ËÅ weGgvPGb ài‚Zc½ ƒYÆ Ae`vb ivGL|
K. cvÕ§ivBGRkb KvGK eGj? 1
wbGP Zv weGkÏlY Kiv nGjv
L. `yaGK Av`kÆ Lvevi ejv nq ˆKb? 2 ˆiGeKv cÉwkÞY wbGq FY MÉnY KGi wbGRB `y™¬ Lvgvi Õ©vcb
KGi| Zvi ‰B Lvgvi Õ©vcb evsjvG`Gki ˆcÉÞvcGU AZů¦
M. ˆiGeKvi cvwjZ Mvwfi evmÕ©vGbi eÅvLÅv `vI| 3
N. `vwi`ÅË weGgvPGb ˆiGeKvi KvGRi gƒjÅvqb KGiv| 4
7 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
K wbw`ÆÓ¡ Zvcgvòvq Zvc w`Gq `yGa AewÕ©Z ÞwZKi mgGqvcGhvMx|
RxevYymgƒn a»sm Kivi cÉwKÌqvGK cvÕ§wiKiY eGj|
ŠRe AvwgGli ‰K-Z‡Zxqvsk Avgiv ˆcGq ^vwK Mvwfi `ya
L `yaGK Av`kÆ Lvevi ejv nq KviY `ya cÉvwYR AvwgGli ˆ^GK| ‰KRb myÕ© ˆjvGKi cÉwZw`b 250 wgwj `ya cvb Kiv
AbÅZg cÉavb Drm| ŠRe AvwgGli ‰K-Z‡Zxqvsk msM†nxZ nq cÉGqvRb, wK¯§ Avgiv cvb Kwi gvò 126 wgwj| eZÆgvGb
Mvwfi `ya ˆ^GK| ‰Qvov `yGa wewf®² LwbR c`v^Æ, wfUvwgb ‘‰’ evsjvG`Gk `yGai NvUwZi cwigvY 7.416 wgwjqb ˆgwUÇK Ub|
`yGai ‰B NvUwZ cƒiGY ˆWBwi ev `y™¬ LvgvGii Pvwn`v ˆeGoB
I ˆivM cÉwZGivaK ‰w´ŸewW we`Ågvb ^vGK|
PGjGQ|
M ˆiGeKv msKi RvGZi `yavGjv Mvwf KÌq KGi jvjb cvjb `y™¬RvZ cYÅ Drcv`b, evRviRvZKiY, wecYb cÉwKÌqvi mvG^
KGib| jÞ jÞ gvbyl RwoZ hvi gvaÅGg Zviv ZvG`i RxweKv wbeÆvn
KiGQ| mwVK Lvgvi eÅeÕ©vcbvi gvaÅGg `y™¬ I `y™¬RvZ
Mi‚GK wewf®² cÉwZK„j AeÕ©v ˆhgb So e†wÓ¡, AwZwiÚ Vvív cYÅ Drcv`b KGi ˆ`Gki Pvwn`v wgwUGq weG`GkI iµ¦vwb Kiv
I Mig ‰es AbÅvbÅ cÉvK‡wZK Š`e `yweÆcvK, ˆcvKvgvKo, mÁ¿e| evsjvG`Gki wkwÞZ ˆeKvi hyemgvR hw` weRqvi gGZv
ˆPvi, ebÅ RxeR¯§ nGZ iÞv Kivi RbÅ ˆh Õ©vGb ˆiGL Mi‚GK `y™¬ Lvgvi Õ©vcGb DG`ÅvMx nq, ZGe ‰Kw`GK ˆhgb ˆeKviZ½
jvjb cvjb Kiv nq ZvGK Mi‚i AvevmÕ©j ev evmÕ©vb eGj| `ƒi nGe ˆZgwb ˆ`Gki gvbyGli cywÓ¡ Pvwn`vI AGbKvsGk cƒiY
nGe|
wbGP `y™¬eZx Mvwfi evmÕ©vGbi eÅvLÅv ˆ`Iqv nGjv DcGivÚ AvGjvPbvi cwiGcÉwÞGZ ejv hvq ˆh, ˆiGeKvi
`y™¬eZx Mvwfi RbÅ ‰Kmvwi ev `y’mvwi wewkÓ¡ Ni wbgÆvY Kiv `y™¬eZx Mvwf cvjGbi avivYvwU `vwi`ËÅ weGgvPGb ài‚Zc½ ƒYÆ
hvq| mvaviYZ 4/5 wU Mvwf nGj ‰K mvwiGZ ivLvi eÅeÕ©v f„wgKv cvjb KGi|
KiGZ nGe| ‰GZ ‰KPvjv ‰KwU NiB hG^Ó¤| ZGe ˆewk
msLÅK A^Ævr 10wUi ˆewk Mvwf ivLGZ nGj ˆ`vPvjv Ni ŠZwi
KGi `y’mvwiGZ Mvwf ivLGZ nGe| mvwi KGi ivLGj cÉwZwU
6 cvGéix m†Rbkxj K‡wlwkÞv w«¼Zxq cò ‰Kv`k-«¼v`k ˆkÉwY
cÉk² 8 Õ¼vgx gviv hvIqvi ci Rwibv ˆeMg Amnvq nGq A͸w`GbB weKÌGqi DchyÚ nq| QvMGji `ya Mi‚i `ya AGcÞv
mnGR nRg nq eGj evRvGi QvMGji `yGai Pvwn`vI eÅvcK|
hvb| miKvGii `vwi`Ë weGgvPb KgÆmƒwPi Ask wnGmGe ZvGK QvMj cvjGb Mi‚ ev gwnGli gGZv weGkl ˆKvGbv hð wbGZ nq
bv| ˆ`LvGkvbvi RbÅI ˆKvGbv AwZwiÚ kÉwgGKi `iKvi cGo
ˆ`wk RvGZi 2wU QvMj cvjGbi RbÅ ˆ`Iqv nq| dGj `yB bv| ‰Qvov QvMx cÉwZeQi `yBevi KGi cÉwZevGi `yB ev
ZGZvwaK evœPvi R¯Ã ˆ`q| ‰G`i ˆivMevjvBI Kg nq|
eQGii gGaÅ wZwb Amnvq AeÕ©v `ƒi KGi Õv¼ ejÁ¼x nb| A wek¼ evRvGi Lvwmi gvsm, Pvgov I ckGgi cÉPzi Pvwn`v
iGqGQ| QvMGji gj-gƒò DrK‡Ó¡ gvGbi ŠRe mvi hv K‡wl KvGR
wkLbdj-3 eÅen†Z nq| ZvQvov Mvwf KÌq I cvjGbi mvg^ÆÅ ˆbB ‰gb
cwievi A͸ cwyu RGZ QvMj KÌq KGi cvjGbi gvaÅGg ZvG`i
K. Lvwm KvGK eGj? 1 Av^Æ-mvgvwRK AeÕ©vi D®²wZ NUvGZ cvGi|
DcGii AvGjvPbv nGZ ejv hvq, `vwi`ÅË weGgvPGb miKvGii
L. QvMjGK MwiGei Mvwf ejv nq ˆKb eÅvLÅv KGiv? 2 cÞ ˆ^GK `wi`Ë RbMYGK QvMj weZiGYi DG`ÅvMwU AZů¦
djcÉmƒ|
M. Rwibv ˆeMg miKvGii cÞ ˆ^GK ˆh RvGZi QvMj
cÉk² 9
ˆcGqwQGjb Zvi ŠewkÓ¡Å eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3
N. miKvGii Mn† xZ DG`ÅvMwU gƒjÅvqb KGiv| 4
8 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
K ˆLvu Rv Kiv (Castrated) cÉRbb kwÚnxb cyi‚l QvMjGK
Lvwm ejv nq|
L ռ͸ cwuy R wewbGqvM KGi AvñKgÆmsÕ©vGbi ‰KwU mnR
Dcvq nGjv QvMj cvjb| QvMj A͸ LiGP cvjb Kiv hvq|
‰G`i Lv`Å Kg jvGM, ˆivMeÅvwaI Kg nq ‰es evmÕ©vGbi
RbÅI ˆewk RvqMvi cÉGqvRb nq bv| `yÕ© gwnjv ‰es f„xgnxb
cÉvw¯¦K Pvwliv hvG`i Mvwf ˆKbvi I cvjGbi mvg^ÆÅ ˆbB Zviv
A͸ cwyu RGZ QvMj wKGb AwaK jvfevb nGZ cvGib| ‰ KviGY
QvMjGK MwiGei Mvwf ejv nq|
M Rwibv ˆeMg `vwi`ÅË weGgvPb KgÆmƒwPi Ask wnGmGe wPò A : b`xi cvwbGZ Mv WzweGq ivGL
miKvGii cÞ ˆ^GK ˆ`wk eÐÅvK ˆeãj RvGZi QvMj
wPò B : e«¬ Rjf„wgGZ Mv WzweGq ivGL
ˆcGqwQGjb| ‰ RvGZi QvMGji ŠewkÓ¡Å weÁ²i…c
wkLbdj-3
‰ RvGZi QvMGji MvGqi iO KvGjv, ZGe mv`v I ev`vwg
isGqiI nGZ cvGi| K. ‘ˆWv’ Kx? 1
‰ RvGZi QvMGji Kvb ˆQvU I Lvov nq| L. hgybvcvwo QvMGji ŠewkÓ¡Å eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2
‰G`i wks ˆQvU, KvGjv ‰es 5-10 ˆm.wg. jÁ¼v nq|
M. A I B cÉRvwZi gaÅKvi cv^ÆKÅ eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3
‰G`i cv LvGUv, gReyZ ‰es ˆ`Gni Mob AuvUmuvU nq|
N. wPGòi cÉvYxwUi evmÕ©vb KxfvGe ŠZwi KiGj
cyi‚l QvMj I QvMxi IRb h^vKÌGg 25-35 ˆKwR ‰es
20-30 ˆKwR nq| evwYwRÅKfvGe jvfevb nIqv mÁ¿e@ weGkÐlY KGiv| 4
‰G`i `ya Drcv`b ÞgZv LyeB Kg, Š`wbK 1 wjUvi `ya 9 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
ˆ`q|
K evœPv ˆ`Iqv cÉvµ¦eqÕ• Õ¨x QvMjGK ‘ˆWv’ eGj|
‰G`i gvsm I Pvgov D®²ZgvGbi nq|
L hgybvcvwo QvMGji DrcwîÕ©j nGjv fviGZi hgybv I
7-8 gvm eqm nGjB ‰iv cÉRbGbi DchyÚ nq ‰es 13-14 PÁ¼j b`xi gaÅeZÆx ˆRjvàGjv| hgybvcvwo ev ivgQvMGji
gvm eqGm cÉ^g evœPv ˆ`q| ŠewkÓ¡Å nGjv@ is wgkÉ, cv jÁ¼vGU, ˆcQGbi cvGq jÁv¼ Nb
ˆjvg ^vGK| ‰G`i Kvb jÁv¼ , PÅv¶Ÿv, evKv I Szj¯¦; wks LvGUv
QvMx eQGi `yBevi ‰es cÉwZevGi `yB ev ZGZvwaK evœPvi I PÅv¶Ÿv| eQGi ‰Kevi I cÉwZevGi 1wU evœPv ˆ`q| cƒYÆeqÕ•
R¯Ã ˆ`q| QvMj-QvMxi IRb h^vKÌGg 60-90 ˆKwR| cÉwZw`b 2-3
wjUvi `ya ˆ`q|
‰ RvGZi QvMGji AbÅZg ŠewkÓ¡Å nGjv ‰iv cÉwZK„j
AeÕ©vq wUGK ^vKGZ cvGi, KÓ¡mwnúz ‰es ˆivM
cÉwZGiva ÞgZv AwaK|
A^Ævr, eÐÅvK ˆeãj RvGZi QvMGj DwÍÏwLZ ŠewkÓ¡ÅàGjv ˆ`Lv hvq|
N miKvGii M†nxZ DG`ÅvMwU wQj `vwi`ÅË weGgvPb A^Ævr
gvbyGli Av^ÆmvgvwRK D®²qGbi RbÅ QvMj weZiY|
evsjvG`Gki AvenvIqv QvMj cvjGbi RbÅ ˆek DcGhvMx|
QvMGji gvsm cywÓ¡Ki I myÕ¼v`y| QvMGji e†w«¬ `Ë‚Z nq eGj
c÷ cvjb 7
M wPGò cÉvYx `wy U nGjv gwnl| ‰i A RvZwU b`xi cvwbGZ Mv gwnlàGjv wbqwgZ cwiPhÆvi ‰KwU ˆhŒ^ cwiK͸bv Kiv hvq hv
WzweGq ivGL| ZvB ‰wU nGjv b`xi gwnl ‰es B RvZwU cÉwZwU gwnGli RbÅ Avjv`v Avjv`vfvGe Kiv hG^Ó¡ KÓ¡Ki I
Rjvf„wgi cvwbGZ Mv WzweGq ivGL ZvB ‰wU nGjv Rjvf„wgi mgqmvGcÞ|
gwnl| AvGjvPbvi cwiGkGl ejv hvq, e«¬ ˆMvqvjNi c«¬wZGZ
gwnGli evmÕ©vb ŠZwi KiGj evwYwRÅKfvGe jvfevb nIqv
wbGg³ ‰G`i gaÅKvi cv^ÆKÅ ˆ`Iqv nGjv@ hvq| KviY ‰GZ gwnGli mwVK cwiPhÆv Kivi hG^Ó¡ myGhvM
^vGK|
A cÉRvwZ (b`xi gwnl) B cÉRvwZ (Rjvf„wgi gwnl)
1. ˆ`Gni AvK‡wZ wòfzRvKvi| 1. AvK‡wZ AGbKUv eÅvGij
is Mvp aƒmi| ‰i bÅvq| is aƒmi, Pvgov cÉk² 10 evGKi wgqv `y™¬ Lvgvi Õ©vcb KiGeb| ˆmRbÅ
bxjGP KvGjv| wZwb Mvwf wbeÆvPb Kivi ˆÞGò wKQy evwnÅK jÞGYi Ici ài‚Z½
2. Õ¨x I cyi‚l gwnGli IRb 2. Õ¨x I cyi‚l gwnGli IRb ˆ`Iqvi K^v fveGjb| ‰GÞGò wZwb ‰KRb Awfæ I `Þ
h^vKÌGg 650 ˆKwR ‰es h^vKÌGg 400 ˆKwR I cÉvwYmÁ·` KgÆKZvÆ i mnvqZv PvBGj wZwb ZvGK cÉRvwZ wbeÆvPb
700 ˆKwR chƯ¦| 500 ˆKwR| KGi ˆ`b ‰es àYMZ gvGbi `ya Drcv`Gbi RbÅ wKQy Š`bw±`b
3. kvixwiK e†w«¬ `Ë‚Z nq| 3. e†w«¬i nvi Kg, wZb eQGi KvhvÆ ewj AbymiY KiGZ eGjb| A wkLbdj-3 I 7
`y’eQGi cƒYZÆ v jvf KGi, cƒYÆZv jvf KGi| MfÆKvj K. Mvwfi MfÆKvj KvGK eGj? 1
35 gvGm evœPv ˆ`q| 325-330 w`b| L. Mvwf Mig nIqvi jÞYàGjv eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2
MfÆKvj 307-316 w`b| M. evGKi wgqvi cÉZÅvwkZ Mi‚i RvGZi ŠewkÓ¡Å ˆKgb
4. Ijvb ˆek eo I 4. Ijvb Þz`ËvK‡wZi I nGe eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3
cwicÛ| ‰iv `ya AcwicØ| ‰G`i `y™¬ N. cÉvwYmÁ·` KgÆKZvÆ evGKi wgqvGK ˆh mKj KvhvÆ ewj
Drcv`Gbi RbÅ weLÅvZ| Drcv`b ÞgZv I Kg| AbymiY KiGZ eGjb Zvi h^v^ÆZv gƒjÅvqb KGiv| 4
5. Dú, Av`ËÆ Õ©vGb evm 5. wbPz, K`ÆgvÚ Rjvf„wgGZ 10 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
KGi| b`x ev RjvkGqi evm KGi| Kv`vGZ ÷Gq K ‰KwU Mvwf mvaviYZ 270-290 w`b wbR MGfÆ evœPv enb
KGi ^vGK, ‰B mgqKvjGKB Mvwfi MfÆKvj eGj|
cvwbGZ Mv WzweGq ^vKGZ ^vKGZ cQ±` KGi|
cQ±` KGi| L Mvwf Mig nIqvi jÞYmgGƒ ni gGaÅ iGqGQ
1. c÷i AwÕ©iZv evov I Nb Nb WvKv|
6. gvsm Drcv`b I K‡wlKvGR 6. K‡wlKvGR I Mvwo Uvbvi 2. Nb Nb cÉmÉve Kiv ‰es ˆjR DuwPGq ivLv ev evi evi bvov|
3. ˆhvwbgyL dzGj hvIqv I jvj ˆ`LvGbv| ˆhvwb«¼vi w`Gq
eÅen†Z nGq ^vGK| KvGR eÅen†Z nq|
cwiÓ•vi ˆkÏÓÃv SiGZ ^vKv, hv ˆjGRi ˆMvov I ˆhvwbi
DcwiDÚ ŠewkÓ¡ÅMZ cv^ÆKÅàGjv b`xi gwnl I Rjvf„wgi Pviw`GK ˆjGM ^vGK|
4. c÷ AbÅ c÷i Dci jvwdGq DVv A^ev c÷GK wbGRi
gwnGli gGaÅ ˆ`Lv hvq| Dci DVGZ ˆ`Iqv|
N wPGòi cÉvYxwU nGjv gwnl| cÉvYxwUGK e«¬ ˆMvqvj NGi M evGKi wgqvi cÉZÅvwkZ Mi‚i RvGZi ŠewkÓ¡Å wbGP eÅvLÅv
cvjb KGi evwYwRÅKfvGe jvfevb nIqv mÁ¿e| cÉvYxwUi RbÅ
Kiv nGjv
e«¬ ˆMvqvj Ni `yB aiGbi nq| h^v 1. ‰K-mvwi wewkÓ¡ i. ˆ`Gni AvKvi AbycvGZ eyK I ˆcGUi ˆeo ˆewk nGe|
e«¬ ˆMvqvjNi| 2. `yB-mvwi wewkÓ¡ e«¬ ˆMqvjNi| ii. c÷i gv^v gvSvwi AvKw‡ Zi, Kcvj cÉkÕ¦ I ˆPvL Dä¾j
e«¬ ˆMvqvjNGi ‰K mvG^ AGbKàGjv gwnl cvjb Kiv hvq|
‰i dGj A͸ RvqMv eÅenvi KGi AwaK gybvdv ARÆb nq| nGe|
evmÕ©vb ŠZwii RbÅ AwZwiÚ RvqMv KÌGqi RbÅ A^Æ eÅq nq iii. ˆ`Gni mvgGbi w`K nvjKv, ˆcQGbi w`K fvix I myMwVZ
bv eGj Avw^ÆK mvkÉq nq| ‰Qvov ‰ c«¬wZGZ c÷àGjvi
mwVK cwiPhÆv Kiv hvq| mKj c÷ mgfvGe mylg Lvevi cvq nGe|
eGj kvixwiK D®w² Z Lye `Ë‚Z nq| c÷àGjvGK wbqwgZ ˆMvmj iv. cvRGii nvGoi AwÕ¦Z½ evBGi ˆ^GK Õ·Ó¡ Abyfe Kiv
KivGbv, evmÕ©vb wbqwgZ cwiÓ•vi Kiv I gjgƒò mwVKfvGe
msÓ•vi Kivi `i‚b gwnGli ˆivGM AvKÌv¯¦ nevi nvi KGg hvq| hvGe I kixGii MVb wXjv nGe|
dGj wPwKrmv eve` eÅq nËvm nq| ‰B c«¬wZGZ c÷GK v. Pvgov cvZjv, PwenÆ xb I Dä¾j isGqi ‰es ˆjvg gmY† I
LvIqvGbv, Avivg Kiv I `ya ˆ`vnGbi KvRàGjv ‰KB NGi
Kiv nq eGj AwZwiÚ evmÕ©vb ŠZwii LiPI nËvm cvq| PKPGK nGe|
ˆKvGbv gwnl ˆivMvKÌv¯¦ nGj mnGRB ZvGK kbvÚ Kiv hvq I vi. Ijvb eo, myMwVZ I ˆ`Gni mvG^ my±`ifvGe ˆjGM
`Ë‚Z wPwKrmvi eÅeÕ©v MÉnY Kiv hvq| ‰Qvov LvgvGii
^vKGe ‰es ˆcQGbi `yB cvGqi gaÅeZÆx Õ©vb cÉkÕ¦ nGe|
vii. IjvGbi euvU PviwU mgvb AvK‡wZi I mgvb `ƒiGZ½
AewÕ©Z nGe|
8 cvGéix m†Rbkxj K‡wlwkÞv w«¼Zxq cò ‰Kv`k-«¼v`k ˆkÉwY
viii. `y™¬wkiv ˆgvUv, Õ·Ó¡ ‰es ZjGcGU bvfxi cvk w`Gq ‰ LvG`Åi ŠewkÓ¡Å nGjv Lv`Å wgkÉY mycvPÅ I cywÓ¡Ki
AuvKveuvKvfvGe weÕ¦Z‡ ^vKGe| Dcv`vGb mg«† ¬| ‰GZ cvwbi cwigvY Kg ^vGK| kZKiv 18
fvGMi wbGP KÌzW ˆcÉvwUb ^vGK| DœPgvòvi bvBGUÇvGRbhÚy
ix. bvGKi wQ`Ë eo ‰es ˆPvqvj kÚ I PIov nGe| ‰ÝUÇvÙ I ˆgvU cwicvPÅ cywÓ¡ ^vGK|
cwiGkGl ejv hvq, evGKi wgqvGK Zvi `y™¬ LvgviwUGK
jvfRbKfvGe MGo ZzjGZ nGj AvgvG`i ˆ`Gki AvenvIqv M DóxcGK AvRgj mvGnGei LvgvGii Mvwf cvjb c«¬wZ
DcGhvMx ‰es DwÍÏwLZ ŠewkÓ¡ÅcƒYÆ msKi I D®²Z RvGZi c÷ nGjv D`vg Ni c«¬wZGZ Mvwfcvjb|
wbeÆvPb KiGZ nGe|
D`vg Ni c«¬wZGZ evœPv cÉme I `ya ˆ`vnGbi mgq Qvov
N cÉvwYmÁ·` KgÆKZÆv àYMZ gvGbi `ya Drcv`Gbi RbÅ AbÅvbÅ mgGq Mevw`c÷GK ˆ`qvj ˆewÓ¡Z ˆLvjv RvqMvq ivLv
evGKi wgqvGK wKQy Š`bw±`b KvhvÆ ewj mÁ·v`b KiGZ eGjb|
`y™¬ LvgvGii Š`bw±`b KvhÆvewji gGaÅ iGqGQ c÷i kvixwiK nq| ‰B c«¬wZGZ Mevw` c÷ cvjGbi ˆÞGò luvo, Mvwf I
AeÕ©v chÆGeÞY, cvGò Lv`Å cÉGqvM, gqjv cvò I ˆbvsiv
ˆgGS, NGii Zvcgvòvi cÉwZ bRi ivLv| cÉvwYmÁ·` KgÆKZvÆ evQyGii RbÅ wf®² wf®² cwigvGci RvqMvi `iKvi nq| ‰LvGb
evGKi wgqvGK ‰ mKj welGqi cÉwZ bRi ivLGZ eGjb| wZwb
c÷GK wbw`ÆÓ¡ mgGq Lv`Å ˆ`Iqv, `ya ˆ`vnb I ˆMvmj Zvi ‰KwU QK cÉ`vb Kiv nGjv
KivGbvi ˆÞGò mZKÆZv AejÁ¼b KiGZ eGjb| `ya ˆ`vnGbi
mgq ˆivM RxevYyi AvKgÌ Y ˆ^GK gyÚ ivLvi RbÅ Mig cvwb KÌwgK cÉvYx RvqMv
w`Gq Ijvb ayGq ˆbIqvi civgkÆ ˆ`b| Mvwfi Avivg`vqK bs Ni ˆLvjv Õ©vb Lvevi cvò
evmÕ©vb, Õ¼vÕ©Å cwiPhÆvi RbÅ wbqwgZ wUKv cÉ`vb, K‡wgbvkK
cÉ`vb, cixÞv-wbixÞv I wPwKrmv KiGZ eGjb| ‰Qvov, KuvPv 1 luvo 12 eMÆwgUvi 120 24-30 Bwç
Nvm mieivGni cvkvcvwk wbqwgZ mylg I cywÓ¡Ki Lv`Å eMÆwgUvi
LvIqvGZ eGjb|
LvgvGii Š`bw±`b KvhÆKÌg mƒPvi‚fvGe mÁ·®² bv Kiv nGj 2 Mvwf 4 eMÆwgUvi 8 eMÆwgUvi 20-24 Bwç
LvgvGi `yGai Drcv`b Kvw›ÞZ nGe bv, Mvwf ˆivMvKvÌ ¯¦ I
AcywÓ¡GZ fzMGe dGj Lvgvi jvfRbK nGe bv| 3 evQyi (wZb 1 eMÆwgUvi 1 eMÆwgUvi 15-20 Bwç
AZ‰e, ejv hvq, cÉvwYmÁ·` KgÆKZvÆ àYMZgvGbi `ya gvGmi DcGi)
Drcv`Gbi RbÅ evGKi wgqvGK ˆh Š`bw±`b KvhvÆ ewjàGjv
mÁ·v`b KiGZ eGjwQGjb Zv h^v^Æ wQj| cÉRvwZGfG` RvqMvi cwigvY Kg ˆewk nGq ^vGK eGj D`vg
Ni c«¬wZGZ Mevw` c÷ cvjGbi RbÅ DwÍÏwLZ cwigvY
RvqMvi K^v weGePbvq ˆiGL evmÕ©vb wbgÆvY KiGZ nGe|
cÉk² 11 AvRgj mvGne `ya ˆ`vnGbi mgq eÅZxZ AbÅvbÅ N AvRgj mvGne LGoi cwieGZÆ Zvi MvwfàGjvGK ‘ˆn’
Lvevi wnGmGe w`Gq ^vGKb|
mgGq Zvi LvgvGii MvwfàGjvGK ˆ`qvjGewÓ¡Z ˆLvjv RvqMvq méyi AskMÉnY Kiv ˆmwgbviwU wQj evsjvG`Gki c÷mÁ·G`i
eZÆgvb AeÕ©v I mÁ¿vebv wbGq|
jvjb-cvjb KGib| AvRgj mvGne Zvi MvwfàGjvGK ‰i…c eZÆgvGb evsjvG`Gk M†ncvwjZ c÷i msLÅv ˆhgwb cÉGqvRGbi
Zzjbvq Kg, ˆZgwb àYMZ w`K nGZI wbÁg² vGbi| ‰i AbÅZg
RvqMvq ˆiGL ‰KwU Lv`Åcvò «¼vivB Lv`Å I cvwb mieivn KviY nGjv D®²Z RvGZi c÷i I myÓ¤z cwiK͸bvi Afve|
ˆhLvGb fviZxq I cvwKÕ¦vwb nvGji ejG`i Mo IRb 500
KGi ^vGKb| wZwb LGoi cwieGZÆ KuvPv Nvm ÷wKGq Mi‚GK ˆKwR ˆmLvGb evsjvG`wk RvGZi IRb gvò 200-250 ˆKwR|
ZvQvov c÷LvG`Åi ռ͸Zv, eÅemvwqKwfwîGZ c÷cvjGbi
LvIqvb| wkLbdj-4 Afve, wPwKrmv eÅeÕ©vi mxgve«¬Zv, AÕ¼vÕ©ÅKi cwiGek,
ˆivGMi eÅvcKZv, cÉRbb eÅeÕ©vi mxgve«¬Zvi KviGYI
K. evsjvG`Gk Kq c«¬wZGZ QvMj cvjb Kiv nq? 1 AvgvG`i ˆ`Gki c÷mÁ·` LvZ mdjZv jvf KiGQ bv| ‰Qvov
Mevw`c÷ cvjGb cÉGqvRbxq cÉwkÞY bv ^vKvq Lvgvwiiv
L. c÷i `vbv`vi LvG`Åi ŠewkÓ¡ÅàGjv ˆjGLv| 2 jvfevb nGZ cviGQb bv|
‰ mKj mgmÅvi mgvavb Kiv ˆMGj evsjvG`Gk c÷cvjGbi
M. DóxcGK AvRgj mvGnGei Mvwf cvjGbi c«¬wZwU mÁ¿vebv LyeB Dä¾j| ˆ`Gk cÉPzi Pivçj, cwZZ Rwg I
Abvevw` Rwg iGqGQ ˆhLvGb PviYf„wg ŠZwi KGi c÷cvjb Kiv
Kx? ‰ c«¬wZi AvGjvGK wewf®² cÉRvwZi cÉvYxi hvGe| miKvwi I ˆemiKvwi wewf®² msÕ©v nGZ cÉwkÞY I FY
mnvqZv wbGq mg†«¬ Lvgvi MGo ˆZvjviI myGhvM iGqGQ|
RvqMvi ‰KwU mÁ¿veÅ cwigvc ˆ`LvI| 3 ZvQvov ˆ`Gki `vwi`ËÅ weGgvPb, cywÓ¡ I Lv`Å wbivcîv ARÆb
‰es AwaKZi KgÆmsÕ©vGbi myGhvM m†wÓ¡GZ c÷cvjGbi weK͸
N. AvRgj mvGne LGoi cwieGZÆ Kx Lvevi w`Gq ^vGKb? ˆbB|
ˆmwgbvGi c÷mÁ·G`i mÁ¿vebvi ˆh w`KwU AvGjvwPZ nGqGQ Zv
DÚ ivGdR ŠZwii c«¬wZ AvGjvPbv KGiv| 4 ‰ ˆ`Gki ˆeKvi hey KG`i c÷cvjGb AvMÉnx KGi ZzjGe| ZvB
11 bs cÉGk²i Dîi ejv hvq, méyi ˆ`Lv ˆmwgbviwU ‰G`Gki c÷mÁ·` I Av^-Æ
mvgvwRK D®²qGb KvhKÆ i f„wgKv ivGL|
K cÉPwjZ c«¬wZ, Ave«¬ c«¬wZ I Aa-Æ Ave«¬ c«¬wZ ‰B
wZbwU c«¬wZGZ evsjvG`Gk QvMj cvjb Kiv nq|
L ˆh mKj c÷LvG`Å ÷Ó• AeÕ©vq kZKiv 18 fvGMi Kg
Auvk I kZKiv 60 fvGMi ˆewk ˆgvU cwicvPÅ cywÓ¡ ^vGK
ZvG`iGK `vbv`vi Lv`Å eGj|
c÷ cvjb 9
cÉk² 12 MÉvGg AvGqvwRZ ‰KwU K‡lK mfv ˆ^GK nwini 50 ˆKwR `vbv`vi c÷ LvG`Åi wgkÉY ZvwjKv
RvbGZ cviGjv Mevw`c÷GK ÷ay Nvm I Lo LvIqvGjB DcKiY cwigvY
mwVKfvGe e†w«¬cvÉ µ¦ nq bv| ‰ RbÅ Mevw`c÷GK mylg Lv`Å MGgi fzwm 25 ˆKwR
ŠZwi KGi LvIqvGZ nGe| ‰QvovI ˆmLvGb c÷i 50 ˆKwR PvGji Kzuov 10 ˆKwR
`vbv`vi Lv`Å ŠZwi I cÉ`vb Kiv mÁ·GKÆ eÅenvwiK ævb Wvj fvOv 9 ˆKwR
ˆ`Iqv nq| A wkLbdj-5 ŠLj 5 ˆKwR
K. Lv`Å KvGK eGj? 1 LwbR wgkÉY 500 MvÉ g
L. c÷i RbÅ mylg Lv`Å ài‚Zc½ ƒYÆ eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2 jeY 500 MvÉ g
M. K‡lK mfvq ˆh cÉKvGii Lv`Å mÁ·GKÆ ejv nq ˆgvU 50 ˆKwR
DcKiY DGÍÏLmn eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3 LvIqvGbvi wbqg:
N. K‡lK mfvq ˆ`Iqv eÅenvwiK ævbwU weGkÏlY KGiv|4 c÷ LvG`Åi cwigvY (ˆKwR/Š`wbK)
1. evQyi
12 bs cÉGk²i Dîi 0.50 1.0
K Þzav wbe†wîi RbÅ ˆhme `ËeÅ MÉnGYi gvaÅGg ˆ`Gni 2. ˆ`wk `y™¬eZx Mvwf 1.5 3.0
ÞqcƒiY, e†w«¬mvab ‰es ZvckwÚ Drcvw`Z nq ZvGK Lv`Å eGj|
3. D®²Z `y™¬eZx Mvwf 3.0 6.0
L ˆhme LvG`Å mKj AZÅvekÅKxq cywÓ¡ Dcv`vb DchyÚ
cwigvGY I AbycvGZ we`Ågvb ^vGK ZvGK mylg Lv`Å eGj| 4. `y™¬wenxb Mvwf 1.5 2.0
c÷i ˆ`n MVb, KvhÆ I Drcv`bÞgZv e†w«¬i RbÅ mylg Lv`Å
LvIqvGbv nq| mylg LvG`Å Avwgl, kKÆiv, ˆÕn² c`v^Æ, wfUvwgb 5. luvo 3.0 4.0
I LwbR jeY ^vGK| ‰ Lv`Å LvIqvGj c÷i gvsm I `ya
Drcv`bÞgZv e†w«¬ cvq| ZvQvov c÷i ˆivM cÉwZGiva ÞgZvI DcwiDÚ 1g QGK ewYÆZ `vbv`vi Lv`Å Dcv`vbàGjv wgwkÉZ
ˆeGo hvq|
KGi mylg Lv`Å ŠZwi KGi 2q QGK ewYÆZ c÷àGjvGK eqm I
M DcGRjv cÉvwYmÁ·` KgÆKZÆv Mwb wgqvGK wbqwgZ mÁ·ƒiK
Lv`Å mylgfvGe LvIqvGZ eGjwQGjb| RvZ Abyhvqx Lv`Å cÉ`vb KiGZ nq|
ˆh LvG`Å mKj Lv`Å DcKiY mywbw`ÆÓ¡ cwigvGY ev AbycvGZ
^vGK ZvGK mylg Lv`Å eGj| Mevw` c÷i Š`wnK e†w«¬ I `ya cÉk² 13 `wi`Ë K‡lK ˆgvÚvi ˆnvGmb Zvi ‰KGRvov Mi‚ w`Gq
Drcv`Gbi RbÅ mÁ·ƒiK Lv`Å mylg AvKvGi LvIqvGZ nGe|
KuvPv Nvm ˆQvU ˆQvU KGi ˆKGU c÷GK LvIqvGZ nGe| nvj Pvl KGi RxweKv wbeÆvn KGib| ‰Kw`b wZwb jÞ KiGjb
‰QvovI Lo ˆQvU ˆQvU KGi ˆKGU 1 ˆKwR LGoi mvG^ 200
Zvi Mi‚i Þzivq ˆdvÕ•v cGoGQ| Õ©vbxq c÷ wPwKrmK
chÆGeÞY KGi ejGjb, ‰K aiGbi fvBivGmi KviGY ‰
ˆivMwU nGqGQ| wZwb ˆivMwUi cÉwZKvi mÁ·GKÆ weÕ¦vwiZ
ejGjb| A wkLbdj-5
K. evKwjs KvGK eGj? 1
L. Mi‚GK BD‰gwe KxfvGe LvIqvGbvi nq? 2
M. ˆgvÚvi ˆnvGmGbi Mi‚i ˆh ˆivM nGqwQj Zvi
jÞYmgƒn eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3
MÉvg wPUvào wgwkGq c÷GK LvIqvGZ nGe| KuvPv Nvm w`Gq N. c÷ wPwKrmK ˆgvÚvi ˆnvGmbGK ˆh aiGbi wPwKrmv
mvBGjR I ˆn ŠZwi KGi LvIqvGbv ˆhGZ cvGi| `vbv`vi
I cÉwZGiva eÅeÕ©v wbGZ eGjwQGjb Zv weGkÏlY
Lv`ÅàGjv cwigvYgGZv ˆgGc wbGZ nGe| ŠLj àou v KGi
KGiv| 4
13 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
`vbv`vi Lv`ÅàGjvi mvG^ fvGjv KGi wgkvGZ nGe| wgwkÉZ
Lv`Å ÷KGbv AeÕ©vq A^ev cvwb w`Gq wgwkGq c÷GK LvIqvGZ K AcÉvµ¦eqÕ• cyi‚l QvMjGK evKwjs ejv nq|
nGe| Lo 10 ˆKwR, wPUv ào 2 ˆKwR, BDwiqv mvi 300 MÉvg
I cvwb 6 wjUvi ‰KGò wgwkGq c÷GK LvIqvGbv ˆhGZ cvGi| L BDwiqv mvGii mvG^ ˆSvjvào ev ˆgvjvGmm ‰es AviI
wPUvào, fzwm I BDwiqv w`Gq ˆgvjvGmm eÐK ŠZwi KGi KwZcq Lv`Å Dcv`vb wgwkGq Mevw`c÷i ‰KwU cywÓ¡Ki I
LvIqvGj c÷i `Ë‚Z e†w«¬ I `ya ˆewk Drcv`b nGe| cQ±`bxq `vbv`vi Lv`Å ŠZwi KivGK BD ‰gwe ev BDwiqv
cwiGkGl ejv hvq ˆh, DcGRjv KgÆKZvÆ Mwb wgqvGK DcGivÚ ˆgvjvGmm eÐK eGj| BDwiqv ˆgvjvGmm eÐK LvIqvGj c÷
DcvGq mylg Lv`Å ŠZwii RbÅ civgkÆ w`GqwQGjb| ˆgvUvZvRv nq ‰es Zvi KgÆ`ÞZv, gvsm I `ya Drcv`b e†w«¬
cvq|
N K‡lK mfvq Mevw`c÷GK cÉ`vb Kivi RbÅ 50 ˆKwR ‰wU LvIqvGbvi wbqg nGjv@
`vbv`vi Lv`Å ŠZwii c«¬wZ I LvIqvGbvi wbqg mÁ·GKÆ 1. Mi‚GK Õ¼vfvweK LvG`Åi mvG^ 300 MÉvg nvGi w`GZ nGe|
eÅenvwiK aviYv ˆ`Iqv nGqwQj| 2. evo¯¦ evQyiGK AvbycvwZK nvGi LvIqvGZ nGe| eÐK
mylg LvG`Å c÷i AZÅvekÅKxq cywÓ¡ Dcv`vb DchyÚ cwigvGY c÷GK ˆPGU LvIqvGZ nGe|
I AbycvGZ ^vGK eGj c÷i Š`wnK e†w«¬, KgÆÞgZv I 3. ˆLGZ bv PvBGj eÐGKi Ici jeY ev MGgi fzwm wQwUGq
LvIqvi AfÅvm KiGZ nGe|
Drcv`bÞgZv e†w«¬GZ mylg Lv`Å cÉ`vb AZů¦ Ri‚wi|
10 cvGéix m†Rbkxj K‡wlwkÞv w«¼Zxq cò ‰Kv`k-«¼v`k ˆkÉwY
M ˆgvÚvi ˆnvGmGbi Mi‚i Þziv ˆivM nGqGQ| M. AvwQqvi Mi‚wU ˆh aiGbi ˆivGM AvKvÌ ¯¦ nGZ cvGi
Þziv ˆivM Mevw` c÷i fvBivmRwbZ ‰KwU gvivñK ˆivM|
Þziv ˆivGM AvKÌv¯¦ nGj Mvwfi ˆh jÞYàGjv ˆ`Lv w`GZ cvGi Zvi jÞYàGjv eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3
Zv wbGP ˆ`Iqv nGjv N. DóxcGK ewYÆZ mgmÅv nGZ iÞv ˆcGZ AvwQqv ˆh
1. wRn»v, `uvGZi gvwo, gyGLi wfZi ‰es cvGqi ÞzGii
aiGbi c`GÞc MÉnY KiGeb Zv eÅvLÅv KGiv| 4
gvSLvGb ˆdvÕ•v IGV I NvGqi m†wÓ¡ nq|
2. gyL w`Gq jvjv SGi, wVKgGZv Lvevi ˆLGZ cvGi bv| 14 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
kvixwiK/Š`wnK MVb bÓ¡ nq| K chÆvµ¦ cywÓ¡ I cÉGqvRbxq cvwicvwk¼ÆK cwiGek eRvq ivLvi
3. IjvGb ˆdvÕ•v IGV ‰es `ya KGg hvq| ci ˆ`n Õ¼vfvweK KvhÆmÁ·v`Gb eÅ^Æ nGj ˆm AeÕ©vGK ˆivM
4. ˆQvU evQyGii ˆÞGò n†rwcí AvKvÌ ¯¦ nq ‰es ˆKvGbv jÞY eGj|
QvovB nVvr gviv hvq| L wfUvwgb ‰K aiGbi ŠRe ˆhŒM hv cÉvYxi Õ¼vfvweK e†w«¬i
RbÅ LyeB cÉGqvRbxq| wfUvwgb ‘‰’ ‰i Afve nGj c÷ ivGZ
N c÷ wPwKrmK `wi`Ë K‡lK ˆgvÚvi ˆnvGmbGK Þziv ˆivGMi ev A͸ AvGjvGZI ˆ`LGZ cvq bv| ‰GK ivZKvbv ˆivM ejv
wPwKrmv I cÉwZKvGi wbÁ²wjwLZ c`GÞcàGjv MÉnY KiGZ nq|
‰B ˆivGMi cÉwZKvGi evQyiGK RG¯Ãi mvG^ mvG^ Mvwfi cÉ^g
eGjwQGjb `ya ev kvj`ya LvIqvGZ nGe ‰es c÷GK cÉPzi meyR KuvPv Nvm
Þziv ˆivM ˆ`Lv w`Gj AvKÌv¯¦ c÷GK myÕ© c÷ nGZ Avjv`v LvIqvGZ nGe|
KGi cwiÓ•vi I ÷Kbv RvqMvq ivGLb| AvKvÌ ¯¦ c÷GK KwP
Nvm I Zij Lvevi ˆhgb fvGZi gvo ev RvDfvZ ˆLGZ ˆ`b| M AvwQqvi Mi‚wU RjvZâ ˆivGM AvKÌv¯¦ nGZ cvGi|
AvKvÌ ¯¦ c÷i gyGLi ev cvGqi Nv-‰i wPwKrmv Kivb| gyGLi Rabies bvgK fvBivm «¼viv RjvZâ ˆivM nq| Õ¦bÅcvqx me
ÞZ I wRn»v cÉZÅn 2/3 evi cUvwmqvg cvigÅvãvGbU cÉvYxiB ‰ ˆivM nGZ cvGi| mvaviYZ ˆivMvKÌv¯¦ KzKzi ev
(0.01%) A^ev wdUwKwi ev ‰jg (2%) w`Gq ayGq ˆ`b| 3% weovGji KvgGo M†ncvwjZ c÷ I gvbyGli ‰ ˆivM nGq ^vGK|
AvBImvb mwjDmvb «¼viv ÞZ Õ©vb Š`wbK 3 evi KGi 3 - 5 KvgGoi 7-10 w`b ci ˆivGMi jÞY cÉKvk cvq| ‰ ˆivGMi
w`b ayGq ˆ`b| A^ev gyGLi Nv-‰ ˆmvnvMvi ŠL àou v KGi gay
ev ˆSvjv àGoi mvG^ wgwkGq jvMvb| AvBImvb «¼viv ˆavqvi jÞYàGjv nGjv
ciciB ÞZÕ©vGb ‰w´ŸevGqvwUK cvDWvi jvwMGq w`GZb| 1. AvKÌv¯¦ cÉvYx ÞÅvcv ev DGîwRZ AeÕ©vq ˆNvivNywi KGi
A^ev cvGqi ÞZ Õ©vGb ZGzu Z (1%) A^ev ˆmvwWqvg
evBKvGevÆ GbU (2%) A^ev cUvwmqvg cvigÅvãvGbU (0.01%) ‰es AbÅ c÷GK AvKÌgY KGi|
mwjDkb w`Gq ayGq w`GZb| ‰ici M®¬GKi àou v ev 2. ˆPvqvGj AekZv ˆ`Lv ˆ`q, dGj c÷ wMjGZ cvGi bv|
mvjdvwbjvgvBW cvDWvi w`Gb 2-3 evi jvMvGZb| bvwiGKj 3. Mjvi gvsmGcwkGZ cÞvNvZ (Paralyzed) nq, dGj
ˆZj I Zviwcb ˆZj 4:1 AbycvGZ wgwkGq Nv-‰ jvMvb hvGZ
ÞZÕ©vGb gvwQ bv cGo| Þziv ˆivGMi RxevYyi RwUjZv ˆivGa ˆPvqvj wbGPi w`GK SzGj hvq|
wbGPi ‰w´ŸevGqvwUK BbGRKkbàGjv w`Gq mydj cvb: 4. gyL w`Gq ˆdbvhÚy jvjv SGi ‰es Nb Nb cmÉve KGi|
1. wWGcvgvBwmb 5. cvwb wccvmv cvq, ZGe cvwb cvb KiGZ cvGi bv|
2. AÅvjweGcb (15%) 6. cv w`Gq gvwU LyuoGZ ^vGK, f™² KG¥¤ Nb Nb WvKGZ
3. ‰wgÝGfU BbGRKkb
4. ˆR´Ÿvwmb 5% BZÅvw`| ^vGK|
A^Ævr DwÍÏwLZ c`GÞcàGjv MÉnY KGi ˆgvÚvi ˆnvGmb Zvi 7. ˆivGMi jÞY cÉKvk cvIqvi 4-5 w`Gbi gGaÅ c÷ gviv
AvKÌv¯¦ Mi‚i ÞzivGivM cÉwZKvGii eÅeÕ©v ˆbb|
hvq|
cÉk² 14 evwoi cvGki gvGV Mi‚ PovGZ w`Gq ‰Gm AvwQqv N DóxcGK ewYÆZ mgmÅv ev ˆivMwU nGœQ RjvZâ| Avi ‰B
RjvZâ ˆivM ev mgmÅv nGZ iÞv ˆcGZ AvwQqv wbGPi
Zvi M†nÕ©vwji KvR KiwQj| nVvr, ˆm ÷bGZ ˆcj Mi‚wU
c`GÞcàGjv MnÉ Y KiGZ cvGi
wPrKvi KGi WvKGQ| ˆm ˆ`ŒGo gvGV wMGq ˆ`Lj ‰KwU ˆbwo c÷ RjvZâ ˆivGM AvKvÌ ¯¦ nIqvi mvG^ mvG^ 20% ˆKvgj
mvevb I cÉPzi cvwb w`Gq AvKÌv¯¦ Õ©vb ayGq ˆdjGZ nGe|
KzKzi Mi‚wUGK KvgGo cvjvGœQ| A wkLbdj-5 AvKÌv¯¦ Õ©vGb hw` ÞZ m†wÓ¡ nq ZGe, ÞZ Õ©vb KveÆwjK
‰wmW «¼viv cywoGq w`Gj fvGjv dj cvIqv hvq| cÉwZGlaK
K. ˆivM KvGK eGj? 1 wnGmGe ‰w´ŸGiwem fÅvKwmb ˆ`Iqv ˆhGZ cvGi| Mi‚i‚ RbÅ
Š`wbK 30 wgwj KGi 14wU BbGRKkb ˆ`Iqvi eÅeÕ©v Kiv
L. Mevw`c÷i wfUvwgb ‘‰’ ‰i AfveRwbZ ˆivGMi hvq| KvgovGbvi Õ©vGb AÅvw´Ÿwmivg cÉGqvM Kiv hvq|
AZ‰e, LvgvGii A^Æ‹bwZK ÞwZ ‰ovGZ RjvZâ ˆivGMi
jÞY I cÉwZKvi ˆjGLv| 2 cÉwZKvGi DwÍÏwLZ eÅeÕ©v MnÉ Y KiGZ nGe|
c÷ cvjb 11
cÉk² 15 wgwni nvj`vi Zvi MÉvGg wewf®² evwoGZ `ya mieivn N wgwni nvj`vGii MvwfwUi Ijvb cÉ`vn ev Ijvb cvKv ˆivM
KGib| Zvi 2wU `y™¬eZx Mvwf AvGQ| ‰Kw`b `ya ˆ`vnb nGqwQj hvi cÉwZKvGi wbGÁi² eÅeÕ©v MnÉ Y Kiv ˆhGZ cvGi
AwaK `ya Drcv`bKvix Mvwfi ‰ ˆivM ˆewk nq| AÕ¼vÕ©ÅKi
KiGZ wMGq wZwb jÞ KiGjb `ya Qvbvi gGZv ‰es `Gy ai mvG^ muÅvZGmuGZ evmÕ©vb, gqjv nvGZ `ya ˆ`vnb, euvGU ev IjvGb
AvNvZ, IjvGb `ya RgvU ˆeuGa ^vKv cÉf‡wZ KviGY ˆivMRxevYy
iÚ AvmGQ| c÷ WvÚvGii KvGQ ˆMGj wZwb eGjb, AÕ¼vÕ©ÅKi «¼viv msKÌwgZ nGq ‰B ˆivM m†wÓ¡ nq| Escherichia coli,
Corynebacterium bovis, Staphylococcus sp. cÉf‡wZ RxevYy
muÅvZGmuGZ AvenvIqvi KviGY ‰gb nGqGQ| cvkvcvwk wZwb ‰ ˆivGMi RbÅ `vqx|
ˆivGMi jÞY:
Mvwfi Õ¼vGÕ©Åi D®²qGbi RbÅ 20 ˆKwR `vbv`vi Lv`Å wgkÉGYi Ijvb Mig I jvj nGq dzGj hvq| eÅ^vi RbÅ Mvwf IjvGb nvZ
‰KwU ZvwjKv ˆ`wLGq Zv LvIqvGbvi wbqg wgwni nvj`viGK w`GZ ˆ`q bv| ˆ`Gni Zvcgvòv ˆeGo hvq (105-107 dv.)|
`ya Qvbvi gGZv nGq hvq, mvG^ iÚI ˆei nGZ cvGi| Ijvb
eGj w`Gjb| A wkLbdj-5 kÚ nGq hvq ‰es ÞGZi m†wÓ¡ nq|
wPwKrmv eÅeÕ©v:
K. `ya msiÞY KvGK eGj? 1 c÷GK big I cwiÓ•vi weQvbvq ^vKvi eÅeÕ©v KGi w`GZ
nGe| wbqwgZ IjvGbi `ya ˆ`vnb KiGZ nGe ‰es evQiy GK
L. c÷i DcRvZ `ËGeÅi eÅenvi ˆjGLv| 2 LvIqvGZ nGe| IjvGbi mgÕ¦ `ya ˆei KGi euvGUi wQ`Ë cG^
Ilya cÉGqvM KiGZ nGe| euvGUi gyL e®¬ nGq ˆMGj
M. c÷ WvÚvi wgwniGK ˆh ZvwjKvwU ˆ`wLGqwQGjb Zv wUUmvBdb «v¼ iv euvGUi gyL cwiÓ•vi KiGZ nGe|
Mevw`c÷ Ijvb cÉ`vn ˆivGM AvKÌv¯¦ nGj DcGi ewYÆZ wPwKrmv
eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3 eÅeÕ©v MÉnGYi gvaÅGg Zv wbivgq Kiv hvq|
N. wgwni nvj`vGii MvwfwUi ˆh ˆivM nGqwQj Zvi
cÉwZKvGi Kx aiGbi eÅeÕ©v MÉnY Kiv ˆhGZ cvGi
weGkÏlY KGiv| 4
15 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
K wbw`ÆÓ¡ mgqmxgv chƯ¦ `yaGK Lv`Å wnGmGe DcGhvMx ivLGZ
cPbgyÚ ivLvi cÉwKÌqvGK `ya msiÞY eGj|
L gvsm I `ya QvovI c÷ nGZ cÉvµ¦ wewf®² DcRvZ `ËeÅ ckÉ ² 16 MZ iwe ˆgŒmyGg K‡lK AvQgZ Avjx Zvi `yB weNv
ˆhgb-Pvgov I PvgovRvZ cYÅ, wks, Þzi, nvo, iÚ, Pwe,Æ `uvZ,
ckg BZÅvw` AvgvG`i wewf®² KvGR eÅen†Z nGœQ| RwgGZ gvmKjvB Pvl KGib| ‰i gGaÅ ‰K weNv Rwgi
Mi‚, gwnl I QvMGji Pvgov I PvgovRvZ `ËeÅ weG`Gk iµ¦vwb
Kiv nq| c÷cvwLi Lv`Å I RwgGZ mvi wnGmGe wks, Þzi I gvmKjvB meyR AeÕ©vq msiÞY Kivi cwiK͸bv KGib, hvGZ
nvGoi àou v eZÆgvGb cÉPzi cwigvGY eÅen†Z nGœQ| c÷i wks I
Þzi nGZ wPi‚wb, wRGjwUb, ˆevZvg, QvZv, Qywii evU BZÅvw` cÉwZK„j I wei…c cwiGeGk Zvi Mevw`c÷i Lv`Å Pvwn`v cƒiY
ŠZwi Kiv nq| ZvQvov, c÷i PweÆ «¼viv ˆgvgevwZ, w™Ïmvwib,
ˆZj, ivevi µÏvwÕ¡K BZÅvw` ŠZwi Kiv nq| Kiv hvq| wkLbdj-11
K. `vbv`vi Lv`Å KvGK ejv nq? 1
M c÷ WvÚvi wgwni nvj`viGK Zvi Mvwfi Õ¼vGÕ©Åi D®²qGbi L. c÷cvwLi Lv`Å msiÞGYi cÉavb DGókÅwU eÅvLÅv
RbÅ 20 ˆKwR `vbv`vi Lv`Å wgkÉGbi ZvwjKv ˆ`wLGqwQGjb| KGiv| 2
c÷ WvÚvGii ˆ`LvGbv `y™¬eZx Mvwfi RbÅ `vbv`vi LvG`Åi M. AvQgZ Avjxi cwiK͸bvwU evÕ¦evqGbi cÉwKÌqvwU
ZvwjKvwU wbÁ²i…c: eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3
Lv`Å Dcv`vb cwigvY (ˆKwR) N. AvQgZ Avjxi cwiK͸bvwUi ài‚Z½ weGkÏlY KGiv| 4
MGgi fzwm 10 16 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
PvGji Kzuov 3 K ˆh LvG`Å Kg cwigvGY Auvk ‰es ˆewk cwigvGY kwÚ
cvIqv hvq ZvGK `vbv`vi Lv`Å ejv nq|
wZGji ŠLj 3
ˆLmvwi fvOv 3.6 L ˆKvGbv LvG`Åi àYvàY I cywÓ¡gvb wVK ˆiGL fwelÅGZ
eÅenvGii RbÅ cÉwKÌqvRvZ KGi ˆiGL ˆ`IqvGK Lv`Å msiÞY
LwbR wgkÉY 0.2 eGj|
Lv`Å msiÞGYi cÉavb DGókÅ nGœQ Lv`ÅGK ˆivMRxevYy I
jeY 0.2 cPGbi nvZ ˆ^GK iÞv Kiv| ˆLvjv AeÕ©vq ivLGj
mƒhÆvGjvGKi AwZGeàwb iwkÄi cÉfvGe LvG`Åi wfUvwgb bÓ¡ nGq
ˆgvU 20 hvq| AwZwiÚ Zvcgvòvq LvG`Åi cywÓ¡gvb bÓ¡ nq ‰es
ˆcvKvgvKGoi eske†w«¬ NGU| LvG`Åi ‰es evZvGmi AvGcwÞK
DcGii Lv`Å wgkÉY nGZ 5 ˆKwR `ya Drcv`Gbi RbÅ MvwfGK Av`ËÆZv ˆewk nGj ‰GZ QòvK R¯Ãvq| QòvK R¯ÃvGbv Lv`Å
c÷cvwLGZ welwKÌqvi m†wÓ¡ KGi| ‰RbÅ c÷cvwLi Lv`Å
3 ˆKwR ‰es 5 ˆKwRi EGa»Æ cÉwZ 3 ˆKwR `ya Drcv`Gbi msiÞY Kiv nq|
RbÅ 1.0 ˆKwR nvGi `vbv`vi Lv`Å ˆewk w`GZ nGe| `ya AwaK
Drcv`bKvix ‰KwU MvwfGK Š`wbK mGeÆvœP 8 ˆKwR `vbv`vi
Lv`Å LvIqvGbv hvq|
AZ‰e, wgwni nvj`vi Zvi Mvwfi `ya cÉ`vGbi cwigvGYi Ici
wbfÆi KGi DcwiDÚ AbycvGZ Lv`Å ŠZwi KGi cÉ`vb KiGeb|
12 cvGéix m†Rbkxj K‡wlwkÞv w«¼Zxq cò ‰Kv`k-«¼v`k ˆkÉwY
M AvQgZ Avjx Zvi ‰K weNv RwgGZ PvlK‡Z gvmKjvB M. mvîvi wgqvi Mi‚àGjv ˆh ˆivGM AvKÌv¯¦ nGqwQj Zvi
meyR AeÕ©vq msiÞY Kivi cwiK͸bv KGib|
AvQgZ Avjx ˆn ŠZwii gvaÅGg gvmKjvB meyR AeÕ©vq jÞYàGjv ˆjGLv| 3
msiÞY KiGeb ˆKbbv ˆn ŠZwii RbÅ gvmKjvB LyeB
DcGhvMx| ‰RbÅ wZwb dzj Avmvi mgq gvmKjvB MvQ N. mvîvi wgqvi Mi‚àGjvi mgmÅv mgvavbcÉKG͸ Kx Kiv
KvUGeb ‰es mwVKfvGe ÷KvGeb hvGZ KGi ˆgvΣ I AwZwiÚ
ZvcgyÚ AeÕ©vq msiÞY Kiv hvq| wZwb MvQàGjvGK `Ë‚Z ˆhGZ cvGi weGkÏlY KGiv| 4
÷KvGeb wK¯§ AwZwiÚ mƒGhÆi AvGjv cwinvi KiGeb hvGZ KGi 17 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
fvGjv gvGbi ‘ˆn’ ‰i ŠewkÓ¡Å eRvq ^vGK| MvQ ˆKGU ˆivG`
DjU cvjU KGi ‰gbfvGe ˆbGo w`Geb ˆhb AwZgvòvq cvZv K wewf®² LwbR c`v^Æ I AbÅvbÅ cywÓ¡i wecvKxq ˆMvjGhvGMi
SGi bv hvq| ˆivG` ÷KvGbvi mgq wZwb ˆLqvj ivLGeb hvGZ KviGY ˆhme ˆivM nq ZvG`iGK wecvKxq ˆivM eGj|
e†wÓ¡i cvwbGZ MvQ wfGR bv hvq| meyR NvGm mvaviYZ 80-85
fvM Av`ËÆZv ^vGK, wK¯§ fvGjv gvGbi ˆn ˆZ mGevÆ œP 15-20 L M†ncvwjZ c÷i ˆ`n MVb, KvhÆÞgZv I Drcv`bÞgZv
fvM Av`ËÆZv ^vGK| ZvB wZwb gvmKjvB MvQ ÷wKGq Av`ËÆZv e†w«¬i RbÅ mylg LvG`Åi cÉGqvRb| mylg LvG`Å Avwgl, ˆÕn²
15-20 fvGM bvwgGq ‰Gb gvPvi Dci Õ¦„cvKvGi ev PvjvhÚy c`v^Æ, LwbR c`v^Æ, kKÆiv I wfUvwgb ^vGK| c÷i LvG`Å ˆh
NGi msiÞY KiGeb| ˆKvGbv cywÓ¡ Dcv`vGbi Afve nGj AcywÓ¡RwbZ ˆivM ˆ`Lv
DwÍÏwLZ c«¬wZ AejÁ¼Gbi gvaÅGg AvQgZ Avjx meyR AeÕ©vq ˆ`q|
gvmKjvB msiÞY KiGeb| c÷ `yeÆj nGq hvq ‰es c÷i KvR Kivi ÞgZv KGg hvq| `ya
I gvsm Drcv`b KGg hvq| c÷GK wbqwgZ meyR KuvPv Nvm,
jZvcvZv, AâzGiv`MwgZ kmÅ`vbv LvIqvGj wfUvwgb ‘B’ ‰i
Afve nq bv| `vbv`vi LvG`Å K‡wòg `vbv`vi ‘B’ mg«† ¬ wgkÉY
wgwkGq MvwfGK LvIqvGZ nGe|
N AvQgZ Avjx cÉwZK„j I wei…c cwiGeGk Zvi Mevw`c÷i M elÆvKvGj muÅvZGmuGZ AvenvIqvi KviGY mvîvi wgqvi
Lv`Å Pvwn`v cƒiGYi RbÅ meyR AeÕ©vq gvmKjvB msiÞY Mi‚àGjv ZoKv ˆivGM AvKÌv¯¦ nGqwQj|
Kivi cwiK͸bv MÉnY KGib|
meyR AeÕ©vq NvmGK ÷wKGq ‰i Av`ËÆZv 20% ev Zvi wbGP ‰ ˆivGMi jÞYàGjv nGjv
bvwgGq ‰Gb ˆn cÉÕ§Z Kiv nq| ˆn ài‚Z½cYƒ Æ msiwÞZ Lv`Å hv
mviveQi Mevw`c÷GK mieivn Kiv hvq| 1. kixGii Zvcgvòv ˆeGo 104 106 dvGibnvBU nq|
evsjvG`Gk cÉvµ¦ Mevw`c÷i LvG`Åi ˆewkifvM K‡wl kGmÅi 2. c÷ nVvr jvd w`Gq gvwUGZ XGj cGo, wLuPzwb ˆ`q ‰es
DcRvZ| elÆv ˆgŒmyGg AGbK Nvm Drcvw`Z nIqvq Zv
Mevw`c÷GK LvIqvGbvi ciI AwZwiÚ ˆ^GK hvq| Avevi gviv hvq|
kxZKvGjI AwZwiÚ wkg ˆMvòxq NvGmi Drcv`b nq| ZvB ‰B 3. kixGii ˆjvg Lvov nGq hvq ‰es k¼vm-cÉk¼vm `Ë‚Z I Mfxi
AwZwiÚ Nvm msiÞGYi cÉGqvRb nq| hLb KuvPv NvGmi Afve
nq ZLb ‰B msiwÞZ Nvm Mevw`c÷GK mieivn Kiv nq| nq|
‰GZ KGi Mevw`c÷i mviveQGii ˆcÉvwUb, wfUvwgb I LwbR 4. `uvZ KUgU KGi, bvK, gyL, Kvb I gj«¼vi w`Gq KvGjv
Dcv`vGbi Pvwn`v ˆgUvGbv mÁ¿e nq| dGj Mevw`c÷i gvsm I
`yGai Drcv`b eÅvnZ nq bv| iÚhÚy ˆdbv ˆei nq|
AvQgZ Avjxi gGZv AbÅivI hw` elÆv ˆgŒmyGg Drcvw`Z 5. ˆcGU eÅ^v nq|
AwZwiÚ Nvm ˆn ŠZwii gvaÅGg msiÞGYi eÅeÕ©v KGib 6. c÷ gviv hvIqvi ci iÚ RgvU euvGa bv|
ZvnGj Mevw`c÷i mviveQGii Lv`Å Pvwn`v cƒiY Kiv mÁe¿ 7. g†ZzÅi mvG^ mvG^ ˆcU dzGj hvq ‰es g†ZG`n `Ë‚Z cGP
nGe| A^Ævr AvQgZ Avjxi cwiK͸bvwU AZů¦ ài‚Z½cƒYÆ|
hvq|
mvîvi wgqvi Mi‚àGjv eÅvKGUwiqvRwbZ ZoKv ˆivGM AvKvÌ ¯¦
nIqvq DwÍÏwLZ jÞYmgƒn ˆ`Lv hvq|
cÉk² 17 mvîvi wgqvi AGbKàGjv Mi‚ iGqGQ ˆhàGjv wZwb N mvîvi wgqvi Mi‚àGjv eÅvKGUwiqvRwbZ ZoKv ˆivGM
AvKÌv¯¦ nGqwQj| ‰wU ‰KwU gvivñK msKÌvgK ˆivM|
K‡wlKvGR eÅenvi KGib| cÉwZeQi wZwb Mi‚i evmÕ©vb ˆivMvKvÌ ¯¦ c÷i msÕ·GkÆ RxevYyi msKÌgY nq| Bacillus
anthracis bvgK eÅvKGUwiqv ‰i cÉavb KviY| elÆvKvGji
msÕ•vi KGib wK¯§ ‰ eQi Zv KiGZ cvGibwb| dGj ÷i‚i w`GK ‰ ˆivGMi cÉv`yfÆve ˆewk nq|
ZoKv ˆivGM AvKvÌ ¯¦ c÷i RbÅ wbGPi eÅeÕ©v ˆbIqv ˆhGZ
ˆMvqvjNGi muÅvZGmuGZ AeÕ©vi m†wÓ¡ nq| elÆvKvj PGj Avmvq cvGi@
1. ˆivGM AvKvÌ ¯¦ nIqvi mvG^ mvG^ c÷GK ˆh ˆKvGbv ‰KwU
AeÕ©v AviI ˆkvPbxq nq ‰es ‰KwU Mi‚ wLuPwz b w`Gq gvivI
ˆcwbwmwjb BbGRKkb wnmve wWGcvgvBwmb cÉwZwU c÷GK
hvq| B wkLbdj-5 10 wgwj KGi w`Gb 1-2 evi KGi 3-5 w`b A^ev
wWDGµÏvwmwjb cÉwZ c÷GK 10 wgwj KGi 1 evi
K. wecvKxq ˆivM KvGK eGj? 1 gvsmGcwkGZ ˆ`Iqv ˆhGZ cvGi|
L. c÷i AcywÓ¡RwbZ ˆivM ejGZ Kx ˆevS? 2
c÷ cvjb 13
2. c÷i Õ¼vÕ©ÅmÁÃZfvGe jvjb-cvjb eÅeÕ©v KiGZ nGe| 3. Mjvi gvsmGcwkGZ cÞvNvZ (Paralyzed) nq, dGj
3. myÕ© AeÕ©vq c÷GK wbqwgZ wUKv cÉ`vb KiGZ nGe| ‰ ˆPvqvj wbGPi w`GK SzGj hvq|
wUKv 4 eQi cici w`GZ nGe| 4. gyL w`Gq ˆdbvhÚy jvjv SGi ‰es Nb Nb cÉmve KGi|
4. AvKÌv¯¦ c÷GK myÕ© c÷ nGZ Avjv`v ivLGZ cvGib| 5. cvwbi wccvmv cvq, ZGe cvwb cvb KiGZ cvGi bv|
5. g†Z c÷GK cywoGq A^ev 2 wgUvi Mfxi MGZÆ WGjvPzb 6. cv w`Gq gvwU LyuoGZ ^vGK, f™² KG¥¤ Nb Nb WvKGZ
wQwUGq cyuGZ w`GZ nGe| ^vGK|
6. g†Z c÷i ˆMvqvjNi 10% NaOH `ËeY w`GZ ayGq ˆ`Iqv 7. ˆivGMi jÞY cÉKvk cvIqvi 4-5 w`Gbi gGaÅ c÷ gviv
ˆhGZ cvGi| hvq|
DcGii ewYÆZ c`GÞcàGjv MÉnY KGi mvîvi wgqv Zvi Mi‚
àGjvi mgmÅv mgvavb KiGZ cvGib| N DóxcGK RjvZâ ˆivGMi K^v ejv nGqGQ|
c÷ RjvZâ ˆivGM AvKvÌ ¯¦ nIqvi mvG^ mvG^ 20% ˆKvgj
cÉk² 18 ˆeKvi jyrdi AvGqi c^ wnGmGe D®Z² RvGZi cuvPwU mvevb I cÉPzi cvwb w`Gq AvKÌv¯¦ Õ©vb ayGq ˆdjGZ nGe|
Mvwf KÌq KGib| Qq gvm cGi ‰Kw`b wZwb ˆ`GLb ˆh, ‰KwU AvKÌv¯¦ Õ©vGb hw` ÞZ mw† Ó¡ nq ZGe, ÞZÕ©vb KveÆwjK ‰wmW
Mvwfi gyL w`Gq AbeiZ jvjv coGQ ‰es wKQyB LvGœQ bv| «¼viv cywoGq w`Gj fvGjv dj cvIqv hvq| cÉwZGlaK wnGmGe
wZwb MvwfwUGK DcGRjv c÷ WvÚviGK ˆ`Lvb| WvÚvi ‰w´ŸGiwem fÅvKwmb ˆ`Iqv ˆhGZ cvGi| Mi‚i‚ RbÅ Š`wbK 30
MvwfwUGK AbÅ c÷ ˆ^GK Avjv`v ˆiGL wPwKrmv ‰es AbÅ wgwj KGi 14wU BbGRKkb ˆ`Iqvi eÅeÕ©v Kiv hvq|
PviwUi ˆivM cÉwZGivGa cÉwZGlaK wUKv cÉ`vb I Õ©vÕ©ÅmÁÃZ KvgovGbvi Õ©vGb AÅvw´Ÿwmivg cÉGqvM Kiv hvq|
cvjb c«¬wZi civgkÆ cÉ`vb KGib| jyrdi ˆm Abyhvqx AZ‰e, LvgvGii A^Æ‹bwZK ÞwZ ‰ovGZ RjvZâ ˆivGMi
eÅeÕ©v MÉnY KGi Lvgvi ˆivMgyÚ KGib|A wkLbdj-5 cÉwZKvGi DwÍÏwLZ eÅeÕ©v MnÉ Y KiGZ nGe| A
K. c÷i msKÌvgK ˆivM ejGZ Kx ˆevSvq? 1 cÉk² 19 gvmy` I Avjg `yB e®¬y wgGj ‰KwU `y™¬ Lvgvi
L. AmyÕ© c÷GK myÕ© c÷ ˆ^GK Avjv`v ivLGZ nq Õ©vcb KGi| ZvG`i LvgvGi Mvwf I evQyi wgwjGq wewf®²
ˆKb? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2 eqGmi ˆgvU 15wU Mi‚ iGqGQ| ‰G`i gGaÅ meGPGq ˆewk `ya
M. jyrdGii MvwfwU ˆKvb ˆivGM AvKÌv¯¦ nGqGQ? ‰i Drcv`bkxj RvGZi Mi‚I iGqGQ| elÆvKvGj ‰KwU weGkl
KviY I jÞY eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3 ˆivGM AvKÌv¯¦ nIqvq Zviv wPw¯¦Z nGq cGob| B wkLbdj-5
N. DóxcGKi ˆivM `gb I cÉwZGivGa M†nxZ eÅeÕ©vw` K. wmw®¬ RvGZi Mi‚i Avw` evmÕ©vb ˆKv^vq? 1
weGkÏlY KGiv| 4 L. `yGa ˆfRvj cixÞvi ‰KwU Dcvq ˆjGLv| 2
18 bs cÉGk²i Dîi M. DóxcGK DwÍÏwLZ LvgvGi meGPGq ˆewk `ya
K ˆhmKj ˆivM AmyÕ© c÷ ˆ^GK ˆivMRxevYyi gvaÅGg Drcv`bkxj RvZwUi bvg Kx? RvZwUi eYÆbv `vI| 3
msKÌwgZ nGq myÕ© c÷GZ Qovq ˆmmKj ˆivMB c÷i msKÌvgK
ˆivM | A N. DóxcGK Mi‚àGjv Kx ˆivGM AvKÌv¯¦ nGqGQ? ‰
ˆivGMi jÞY I cÉwZKvi weGkÏlY KGiv| 4
L c÷i ˆivMeÅvwai gGaÅ msKÌvgK ˆivGMi dGjB AwaKvsk 19 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
c÷ gviv hvq| msKÌvgK ˆivM AmyÕ© c÷ nGZ ˆivMRxevYy
msKÌgGYi gvaÅGg myÕ© c÷GZ Qovq| mvaviYZ ˆivMvKvÌ ¯¦ K cvwKÕ¦vGbi KivwP I fviGZi nvq`vivev` wmw®¬ RvGZi
c÷i msÕ·kÆ, jvjv, mw`Æ, gjgƒò, eÅen†Z Lv`Å I cvwb, Mi‚i Avw` evmÕ©vb|
eÅen†Z `ËeÅ ‰gbwK evZvGmi gvaÅGgI myÕ© c÷GZ ˆivM
QovGZ cvGi| ZvB myÕ© c÷GK msKÌvgK ˆivM ˆ^GK euvPvGbvi L `yGa ˆfRvj cixÞvi wewf®² c«¬wZ iGqGQ| ‰àGjvi gGaÅ
RbÅ AmyÕ© c÷GK Avjv`v ivLGZ nq| A
‰KwU c«¬wZ nGjv `yGai AvGcwÞK ài‚Z½ wbYÆq|
jÅvKGUvwgUvi hG¯¨i mvnvGhÅ AvGcwÞK ài‚Z½ = jÅvKGUvwgUvi
wiwWs/1000 + 1 ‰B mƒòwU «¼viv cixÞvwU Kiv nq| Õ¼vfvweK
M jyrdGii MvwfwU RjvZâ ˆivGM AvKÌv¯¦ nq| `yGai AvGcwÞK ài‚Z½ 1.028-1.032 ‰es cÉmeKvjxb `yGai
Rabies bvgK fvBivm «¼viv RjvZâ ˆivM nq| Õ¦bÅcvqx me
cÉvYxiB ‰ ˆivM nGZ cvGi| mvaviYZ ˆivMvKÌv¯¦ KzKzi ev AvGcwÞK ài‚Z½ 1.061.075 ‰i gGaÅ ^vGK| ‰KwU ˆgRvwis
weovGji KvgGo M†ncvwjZ c÷ I gvbyGli ‰ ˆivM nGq ^vGK|
KvgGoi 7-10 w`b ci ˆivGMi jÞY cÉKvk cvq| ‰ ˆivGMi wmwj´£vGii gGaÅ 3 Ask `ya wbGq Zvi gGaÅ jÅvKGUvwgUvi
4
jÞYàGjv nGjv
1. AvKÌv¯¦ cÉvYx ÞÅvcv ev DGîwRZ AeÕ©vq ˆNvivNywi KGi WzevGj hZUv WzGe ˆmB `vM nGjv jÅvKGUvwgUvGii wiwWs|
‰es AbÅ c÷GK AvKÌgY KGi| jÅvKGUvwgUvGii wiwWs 25-35 ‰i gGaÅB ^vGK| `yGa cvwb
2. ˆPvqvGj AekZv ˆ`Lv ˆ`q, dGj c÷ wMjGZ cvGi bv|
ˆgkvGj `yGai AvGcwÞK ài‚Z½ KGg hvq ˆZgwb àou v `ya ev
gq`v ˆgkvGj AvGcwÞK ài‚Z½ ˆeGo hvq| dGj `yGa ˆfRvj
AvGQ Zv eySv hvq|
14 cvGéix m†Rbkxj K‡wlwkÞv w«¼Zxq cò ‰Kv`k-«¼v`k ˆkÉwY
M DóxcGK DwÍÏwLZ LvgvGi meGPGq ˆewk `ya Drcv`bKvix cÉk² 20 Qvgv` mvGnGei LvgvGii ‰KwU ˆ`wk Mi‚ wKQyw`b
RvZwUi bvg nGjv nGjGÕ¡Bb wdÌwRqvb| ‰i Drcwî njÅv´£ ev
ˆb`vijÅv´£| AvGM ‰K mvG^ `ywU RgR evQyi R¯Ã ˆ`q| evQyi `ywUi f„wgÓ¤
wdÌwRqvb Mi‚i eYÆ ˆQvU-eo AvKvGii KvGjv-mv`v ˆQvchyÚ,
ZGe cvGqi wbGPi Ask (nuvUzi wbP) mvaviYZ mv`v nq| ‰G`i nevi 1 gvGmi gv^vq MvfxwUi nVvr KGi ‰Kw`b cÉPí wLuPzwb
gv^v jÁ¼vGU I ˆmvRv nq, PIov gyLe®¬bx I ˆLvjv bwÕ¡Èj
^vGK| AbÅvbÅ Mi‚i bÅvq ‰G`i wcGV KzuR DuPz nq bv| ‰ nq, k¼vm-cÉk¼vm `Ë‚Z nGq hvq ‰es `uvZ KUgU KiGZ ^vGK|
RvGZi Mvwf kv¯¦ Õ¼fvGei ZGe luvo DMÉ Õ¼fvGei nq| Mvwfi
IRb cÉvq 545 ˆKwR ‰es luvGoi IRb cÉvq 818 ˆKwR nq| Õ©vbxq c÷ wPwKrmKGK wbGq AvmGZ AvmGZB MvfxwU gviv
‰ RvGZi Mi‚ A͸ eqGm A^Ævr 2.5 eQi eqGm cÉ^g evœPv
ˆ`q| ‰KwU wdÌwRqvb RvGZi Mvwf w`Gb wZbevi ˆ`vnb KiGj hvq| ‰ AeÕ©vq evQyi `ywUGK fvGjvfvGe eo Kivi RbÅ
‰K weqvGb 6,545 ˆ^GK 19,995 wjUvi `ya cvIqv hvq| ‰B
RvZwU `yavj RvZ wnGmGe mviv wek¼eÅvcx cvjb Kiv nGq wPwKrmK Qvgv` mvGneGK weGkl wKQy hð ˆbevi RbÅ wbG`Ækbv
^vGK|
ˆ`b ‰es wZwb AviI eGjb, ˆh ‰B wbG`ÆkbvàGjv ˆgGb PjGj
N DóxcGKi Mi‚àGjv K‡wgGivGM AvKÌv¯¦ nGqGQ| K‡wg Mi‚i
cvKÕ©wj, A¯¨, wcîbvjx, n†rwc´£, iÚbvjx, hK‡Z, dzmdzm, fwelÅGZ evQyi `ywU ˆ^GK fvGjv Drcv`b cvIqv mÁ¿e|
ˆPvL cÉf‡wZ AGã evm KGi iÚ PzGl Lvq ‰es ˆmmKj Õ©vGb
wWg cvGo| wkLbdj-5 I 10
jÞY: K‡wgi msKÌgGY Mevw`c÷i LvIqvi Ai‚wP, e`nRg,
cvZjv cvqLvbv nq| dGj kixGii IRb KGg hvq ‰es K. 15 ˆm. Zvcgvòvq `yGai Õ¼vfvweK NbZ½ KZ? 1
Drcv`b ÞgZv nËvm cvq|
cÉwZKvi: K‡wg ˆivGM AvKvÌ ¯¦ nGj mwVK K‡wgbvkK Ilay L. `ya cvÕ§wiKiGYi myweav eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2
LvIqvGbv QvovI K‡wgi AvKÌgY cÉwZGiva Kivi RbÅ AviI wKQy
c`GÞc MÉnY Kiv DwPZ| cwiÓ•vi-cwiœQ®²Zv ˆhGKvGbv ˆivM M. MvfxwUi AvKvÌ ¯¦ ˆivGMi cÉwZGiva I wPwKrmv c«¬wZ
cÉwZGivGai cÉ^g kZÆ| Mi‚GKI K‡wgGivM ˆ^GK iÞv KiGZ
Zvi evmÕ©vb cwiÓ•vi I ÷Kbv ivLGZ nGe| ˆMvqvjNGii eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3
AveRÆbv wbqwgZ cwiÓ•vi KGi `ƒGii MGZÆ ˆdjGZ nGe| Mi‚i
ˆMvei Õ¼vÕ©ÅmÁÃZ DcvGq msiÞY KiGZ nGe| muÅvZGmuGZ N. wPwKrmK Qvgv` mvGneGK ˆh, civgkÆ cÉ`vb Kij Zv
Kv`vcvwbhyÚ gvGV c÷GK PovGbv hvGe bv| KviY ‰B cwiGeGk
RxevYy `Ë‚Z eskweÕ¦vi KiGZ cvGi| c÷i ˆivM cÉwZGiva ÞgZv weGkÐlY KGiv| 4
e†w«¬i RbÅ mylg, cywÓ¡hyÚ Lvevi mieivn KiGZ nGe|
ciRxexi jvfÆv `ƒixKiGY KuvPv Nvm ev RjR Dw«¿` fvGjvfvGe 20 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
ayGq wbGZ nGe| Lo ev mvBGjR ŠZwi KGi LvIqvGjI fvGjv
dj cvIqv hvq| K‡wgi AvKgÌ Y cÉwZGivGa evQyGii 3 gvm eqm K 15 ˆm. Zvcgvòvq `yGai Õ¼vfvweK NbZ½ 1.028 ˆ^GK
ˆ^GKB wbqwgZ eQGi 2 evi K‡wgbvkK Ilay ˆhgb- ˆebvRj, 1.031 MÉvg/wg.wj.|
ˆnjGgÝ BZÅvw` LvIqvGZ nGe| ZvQvov LvgvGii K‡wg a»sm
Kivi RbÅ ZuyGZ eÅenvi KiGZ nGe| L ˆh cÉwKÌqvq `yGai Õ¼vfvweK AeÕ©v eRvq ˆiGL ÷ay
AZ‰e ejv hvq, àYMZ gvGbi `ya Drcv`b I LvgvGii ˆivMRxevYy I ˆmBmvG^ AbÅvbÅ RxevYyi AwaKvsk a»sm Kiv
A^Æ‹bwZK ÞwZ ‰ovGZ DcGi ewYÆZ Dcvqmgƒn AejÁ¼b KGi nq ZvGK cvÕ§wiKiY eGj|
LvgvGii Mi‚àGjvi K‡wg ˆivM cÉwZGiva Kiv hvGe| cvÕ§wiKiY cÉwKÌqvq `ya msiÞYKiGYi myweav AGbK| ‰GZ
cvÕ§wiK‡Z `ya wbivc` ^vGK I ˆivM RxevYy a»sm nq|
cvÕ§wiKiY `yGai msiÞYKvjGK `xNÆvwqZ KGi ‰es jÅvKwUK
‰wmW cÉÕ§ZKvix RxevYyi msLÅv Kgvq| ‰B cÉwKÌqvq `yGai
cywÓ¡gvb wVK ^vGK ‰es ˆKvGbv weÕ¼vG`i m†wÓ¡ nq bv|
M DóxcGKi jÞYàGjv weGePbv KGi ejv hvq, MvfxwU
ZoKv ˆivGM AvKvÌ ¯¦ nGqwQj| ‰B ˆivMwU Bacillus
anthnacis bvgK eÅvKGUwiqvi msKÌgGY nq| ‰B ˆivMwU
Mevw`c÷i ‰KwU gvivZÄK msKÌvgK ˆivM|
‰B ˆivGMi cÉwZGiva I wPwKrmv eÅeÕ©v ‰LvGb AvGjvPbv Kiv
nGjv@
jÞY ˆ`Lv ˆ`Iqvi mvG^ mvG^ wbGPi ˆhGKvGbv ‰KwU
ˆcwbwmwjb BbGRKkb w`GZ nGe|
ˆcwbwmwjb BbGRKkb cÉGqvM gvòv
1. wWGcvgvBwmb 3-5 w`b c÷GK 10 wg.wj.
BbGRKkb w`Gb 1-2 evi,
ˆcwkGZ w`GZ nGe|
2. wWDGcÐvwmwjb ‘‰’ cÉwZwU c÷GK 10 wg.wj. KGi
1 evi gvsmGcwkGZ
BbGRKkb w`GZ nGe|
‰Qvov c÷i Õ¼vÕ©ÅmÁÃZ jvjb-cvjb eÅeÕ©v KiGZ nGe|
myÕ© AeÕ©vq c÷GK wbqwgZ wUKv cÉ`vb KiGZ nGe| AvKÌv¯¦
c÷GK myÕ© c÷ ˆ^GK Avjv`v ivLGZ nGe| g†Z c÷GK cywoGq
c÷ cvjb 15
A^ev 2 wgUvi Mfxi MGZÆ WGjvPzb wQwUGq cGyu Z w`GZ nGe| L ˆhme LvG`Å c÷i cÉGqvRbxq mKj AZÅvekÅKxq cywÓ¡
g†Z c÷i ˆMvqvjNi 10% NaOH `ËeY w`Gq ayGq w`GZ nGe| Dcv`vb DchyÚ cwigvGY I AbycvGZ ^vGK ZvGK c÷i mylg
DcwiDÚ cÉwKÌqvq wPwKrmv eÅeÕ©v I cÉwZGiva eÅeÕ©v MÉnY Lv`Å eGj|
KiGj ZoKv ˆivGMi cÉGKvc KgvGbv mÁ¿e| c÷i Š`wnK MVb, KgÆÞgZv I Drcv`bÞgZv e†w«¬i RbÅ
N wPwKrmK Qvgv` mvGneGK beRvZK evQyGii hð wbGZ mylg Lv`Å LvIqvGbv nq| mylg LvG`Å Avwgl, kKÆiv,
eGjGQb| beRvZK evQyGii hð fvGjvfvGe wbGj cieZÆxGZ ‰i ˆÕ²nc`v^Æ, wfUvwgb, LwbR c`v^Æ DcwÕ©Z ^vGK| ‰ Lv`Å
ˆ^GK fvGjv Drcv`b cvIqv hvq| LvIqvGj c÷i gvsm I `ya Drcv`bÞgZv evGo| c÷i ˆivM
evQyi `ywU R¯Ã ˆbevi ‰K gvm ciB MvfxwU ZoKv ˆivGM cÉwZGiva ÞgZvI ˆeGo hvq| ‰ mKj KviGY c÷GK mylg
AvKÌv¯¦ nGq gviv hvq| dGj evQyi `ywU ZvG`i gv ‰i `ya Avi Lv`Å LvIqvGbv nq|
cvb KiGZ cvGi bv| ‰RbÅ AbÅ Mvfxi `ya ˆevZGj fGi M RvZxq ˆWBwi I ˆcvlvcÉvYx ˆgjvq cÉvwYmÁ·` KgÆKZÆvi
ZvG`iGK cvb KivGZ nGe| 5 – 6 mµ¦vn eqm chƯ¦ ZvG`i AvGjvwPZ welq wQj evsjvG`Gki c÷mÁ·` D®²qGbi mgmÅv|
kvixwiK IRGbi 10% nvGi `ya LvIqvGZ nGe| 5 mµ¦vn eqm ‰ ˆ`Gk c÷mÁ·G`i AbÅZg cÉavb mgmÅv nGjv c÷mÁ·G`i
nGj wKQy wKQy KwP Nvm I 20% ˆcÉvwUbhyÚ KvdÕ¡vUÆvi ռ͸Zv| evsjvG`Gki gGZv K‡wlcÉavb ˆ`Gk K‡wlKvR cwiPvjbv,
mieivn KiGZ nq| 8 mµ¦vn eqGm Š`wbK 0.5 ˆKwR `vbv`vi cwienb I hvZvqvGZi RbÅ ˆh cwigvY c÷mÁ·G`i cÉGqvRb
Lv`Å I 1 ˆKwR KuvPv Nvm w`GZ nGe| 4 gvm eqGm Š`wbK ˆm Zzjbvq evsjvG`Gki c÷i msLÅv AGbK Kg| ‰ ˆ`Gki
0.75 ˆKwR `vbv`vi Lv`Å I 3 ˆKwR KuvPv Nvm w`GZ nGe| 6 Mevw`c÷àGjv IRGb ˆhgb Kg ˆZgwb AvKvGiI ˆQvU, ZvB
gvm eqGm 1 - 1.5 ˆKwR `vbv`vi Lv`Å I 7 ˆKwR KuvPv Nvm ‰G`i kwÚI Kg nq| ˆivMeÅvwai AvKgÌ GY cÉwZeQi eü
mieivn KiGZ nGe| Mevw`c÷i AKvj g†ZzÅ NGU| ZvQvov ebÅv, cÉvK‡wZK `yGhÆvGMi
kxGZ ev AwZwiÚ Vvívq ÷KGbv Kvco ev PU w`Gq evQyiGK mgqI eü c÷i g†ZÅz NGU| evsjvG`Gk c÷mÁ·` D®q² Gbi
ˆXGK ivLGZ eGjb| evœPvGK wbqwgZ ˆMvmj KivGZ eGjb| AbÅZg AvGiKwU mgmÅv nGjv c÷ LvG`Åi ռ͸Zv| meyR NvGmi
evQyiGK mgqgGZv msKÌvgK ˆivGMi wUKv I K‡wgbvkK Ilay PviYf„wg ‰Lb wejywµ¦i cG^| ebf„wg I AbÅvbÅ cwZZ Rwg
cÉ`vGbi Ici ài‚Zv½ Givc KiGZ eGjb| evQyGii ˆivMeÅvwa nGj KÌgvMZ PvGli AvIZvq Avbvq c÷i PviYGÞGòi AfvGe
mvG^ mvG^ c÷ wPwKrmGKi civgkÆ wbGZ eGjb| evQyiGK LvG`Åi mgmÅv ˆ`Lv w`GqGQ| Mevw`c÷i evmÕ©vGbi eÅvcvGi
ˆhbGKvGbv ebÅ c÷ AvKgÌ b bv KiGZ cvGi ‰RbÅ eGjb AwaKvsk LvgvwiB mGPZb bq| elÆvKvGj c÷i evmÕ©vGbi
wbivc` evmÕ©vGb ivLGZ eGjb| AeÕ©v AviI Ki‚Y nq| D®²ZgvGbi K‡wòg cÉRbGbi eÅeÕ©v
wPwKrmGKi DcwiDÚ civgkÆàGjv Qvgv` mvGne AbymiY ‰LGbv ˆ`Gki cÉZů¦ Açj chƯ¦ cÉmvi jvf KGiwb| AwaKvsk
KiGj evQyi `yGUv nGZ fvGjv Drcv`b cvGeb ‰es wZwb ˆÞGòB wbÁ²gvGbi c÷ «¼viv cÉRbb KivGbv nq eGj gvsm I
Avw^ÆKfvGeI jvfevb nGeb| Drcv`b fvGjv nq bv| Pvlvev`, dmj gvovB, cwienGb c÷i
cÉk² 21 RvZxq ˆWBwi I ˆcvlvcÉvYx ˆgjv-2018 ‰i cwieGZÆ hvw¯¨K kwÚ eÅenvGii KviGY gvbyl c÷ cvjGb
DG«¼vabx AbyÓ¤vGb cÉvwYmÁ·` KgÆKZÆv eGjb AvgvG`i ˆ`Gk wbi‚rmvwnZ nGœQ|
M†ncvwjZ c÷i msLÅv Pvwn`vi Zzjbvq Kg| weGkl KGi Mi‚i DcGi ewYÆZ mgmÅvàGjv wbGq DG«¼vabx AbyÓ¤vGb cÉvwYmÁ·`
`yGai ˆh Pvwn`v Zv Avgiv cƒiY KiGZ cviwQ bv| D®²Z KgÆKZvÆ AvGjvPbv KGiwQGjb|
cÉhywÚmgGƒ ni mÁ·ÉmviY KvhKÆ Ìg ˆRvi`vi bv ^vKvq c÷ N miKvi I RbMGYi wgwjZ DG`ÅvGM DóxcGKi ewYÆZ
mÁ·G`i Kvw›ÞZ D®²qb mÁ¿e nGœQ bv| wZwb ‰ aiGbi mKj mgmÅv mgvavb Kiv mÁ¿e|
mgmÅv `ƒi Kivi RbÅ mKjGK ‰wMGq Avmvi Avn»vb Rvbvb| AvgvG`i ˆ`Gki D®²ZgvGbi Mevw`c÷i ˆhvMvb e†w«¬i RbÅ
A wkLbdj-6 D®Z² I AvaywbK cÉRbb c«¬wZi cÉeZÆb KiGZ nGe| K‡wòg
K. `y™¬ Lvgvi KvGK eGj? 1 cÉRbb c«¬wZi mvnvGhÅ D®²Z RvGZi c÷i msLÅv e†w«¬ Kiv
L. c÷GK mylg Lv`Å LvIqvGbv nq ˆKb eÅvLÅv KGiv|2 hvq| ‰ RbÅ ˆ`Gk K‡wòg cÉRbb ˆKG±`Êi msLÅv e†w«¬ Kiv
M. ˆgjvi cÉvwYmÁ·` KgÆKZvÆ i AvGjvwPZ mgmÅvàGjv ˆhGZ cvGi| ˆ`Gki Mevw`c÷i msLÅv I àYMZ gvb e†w«¬i
3 RbÅ weG`k nGZ D®²Z RvGZi c÷ Avg`vwbi eÅeÕ©v Kiv
eÅvLÅv KGiv|
N. ‘miKvi ‰es RbMGYi wgwjZ DG`ÅvGM DóxcGKi ˆhGZ cvGi| c÷ wPwKrmvjGq wPwKrmK I Jla mieivGni
ewYÆZ mgmÅv mgvavb Kiv ˆhGZ cvGi’@ DwÚwU ˆÞGò miKvi ài‚Zc½ ƒYÆ f„wgKv cvjb KiGZ cvGi| D®²Z
4 RvGZi Nvm PvGl K‡lKiv AvMÉnx nGj c÷LvG`Åi mieivn e†w«¬
gƒjÅvqb KGiv| cvGe| ˆ`Gki wewf®² AçGj miKvwi I ˆemiKvwi chÆvGq
21 bs cÉGk²i Dîi chÆvµ¦ cwigvGY c÷ Lvgvi Õ©vcb KGi RbMYI c÷mÁ·`
D®²qGb f„wgKv ivLGZ cvGi|
K ˆh LvgvGi Mvwf cvjb KGi `ya Drcv`b Kiv nq ZvGK
`y™¬ Lvgvi eGj|
16 cvGéix m†Rbkxj K‡wlwkÞv w«¼Zxq cò ‰Kv`k-«¼v`k ˆkÉwY
ˆ`Gki RbMYGK c÷cvjGb AvMÉnx KGi ˆZvjvi RbÅ wewf®² vi. Ijvb eo, myMwVZ I ˆ`Gni mvG^ my±`ifvGe ˆjGM
cÉ`kÆbx I ciy Õ•vGii eÅeÕ©v Kiv ˆhGZ cvGi| ‰Qvov ռ͸ ^vKGe ‰es ˆcQGbi `yB cvGqi gaÅeZÆx Õ©vb cÉkÕ¦ nGe|
myG` c÷cvjGbi RbÅ ˆjvb cÉ`vb myweav ^vKGj K‡lK
mgqgGZv c÷i evœPv msMÉn KiGZ cviGe| dGj ˆ`Gk vii. IjvGbi euvU PviwU mgvb AvK‡wZi I mgvb `ƒiGZ½
c÷mÁ·G`i cwigvY e†w«¬ cvGe| AewÕ©Z nGe|
DcGii AvGjvPbv nGZ ˆ`Lv hvGœQ ˆh miKvGii I RbMGYi
wgwjZ cÉGPÓ¡vi gvaÅGg evsjvG`Gki c÷mÁ·G`i mgmÅv viii. `y™¬wkiv ˆgvUv, Õ·Ó¡ ‰es ZjGcGU bvfxi cvk w`Gq
AGbKUvB KgvGbv mÁ¿e|
AuvKveuvKvfvGe weÕ¦Z‡ ^vKGe|
cÉk² 22 Rvwn` mvGne MZ Pvi eQi cƒGeÆ hey D®q² b ˆK±`Ê ix. bvGKi wQ`Ë eo ‰es ˆPvqvj kÚ I PIov nGe|
cwiGkGl ejv hvq, Rvwn` mvGneGK Zvi `y™¬ LvgviwUGK
ˆ^GK cÉwkÞY wbGq ‰KwU `y™¬ Drcv`b Lvgvi Õ©vcb
jvfRbKfvGe MGo ZzjGZ nGj AvgvG`i ˆ`Gki AvenvIqv
KGiwQGjb| wZwb Zvi LvgvGii RbÅ `y™¬eZx Mvwfi wewf®² DcGhvMx ‰es DwÍÏwLZ ŠewkÓ¡ÅcƒYÆ msKi I D®²Z RvGZi c÷
wbeÆvPb KiGZ nGe|
ŠewkGÓ¡Åi AvGjvGK Mvwf wbeÆvPb KGib| eZÆgvGb Zvi LvgvGi N Rvwn` mvGnGei LvgviwU nGjv `y™¬ Drcv`b Lvgvi| `y™¬
Drcv`b LvgvGi jvfevb nevi RbÅ `y™¬eZÆx Mvwf wbeÆvPb
Š`wbK cÉvq 170 wjUvi `ya Drcv`b nq| ‰GZ Rvwn` mvGne ˆ^GK ÷i‚ KGi ‰G`i evmÕ©vb I ˆivM eÅeÕ©vcbvmn `y™¬
wbGR Avw^ÆKfvGe jvfevb nIqvi cvkvcvwk ‰jvKvi AGbK Mvwfi hð AZů¦ Ri‚wi|
`y™¬eZx Mvwfi Ni, ˆgGS, ˆ`qvj I bvjv cÉwZw`b ˆfvGi
ˆjvGKiI KgÆmsÕ©vGbi m†wÓ¡ nq| wkLbdj-6 I 8 wdbvBj cvwb w`Gq ayGZ nGe| cÉwZwU MvwfGK wbqwgZ
K. c÷ ˆivM Kx? 1 eÅvqvGgi RbÅ nuvUvGZ nGe| `y™¬eZx Mvwfi Lv`Å LvIqvGbv,
kixi cwiÓ•vi, `ya ˆ`vnb cÉf‡wZ KvR h^vmgGq KiGZ nGe|
L. msKÌvgK ˆivGM AvKÌv¯¦ ài‚ Avjv`v ivLGZ nq ˆKb? MÉxÓÃKvGj KgcGÞ Š`wbK `y’evi ‰es kxZKvGj ‰Kevi Vv´£v
eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2 cvwb «¼viv MvwfGK ˆMvmj KivGZ nGe| eËvk w`Gq Mvwfi kixi
mKvj-weKvj cwiÓ•vi KGi gyGQ ˆ`Iqv fvGjv| ‰Qvov Mvwfi
M. Rvwn` mvGnGei LvgvGii RbÅ wbeÆvwPZ Mvwfi Avivg`vqK kqGbi RbÅ ˆMvqvjNGii ˆgGSGZ ÷KGbv Lo
ŠewkÓ¡Å Kxi…c nGe? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3 wewQGq w`GZ nGe| cÉLi ˆivG` ev e†wÓ¡i mgq MvwfGK NGii
evBGi ivLv DwPZ bq| `ya ˆ`vnGbi cƒGeÆ Ijvb, euvU I Mvwfi
N. Rvwn` mvGnGei LvgviwU Kx Lvgvi? DÚ LvgvGii ˆcQGbi Ask cwiÓ•vi cvwb «¼viv ayGq w`GZ nGe| ˆ`vnbKvixi
Mvwfi hð AvGjvPbv KGiv| 4 nvZ cvwb «¼viv ayGq `ya ˆ`vnb KiGZ nGe| MvwfGK cÉwZw`b
`vbv`vi mylg Lv`Å LvIqvGZ nq| ‰Qvov ˆivM nGj cÉwZGlaK
22 bs cÉGk²i Dîi I wPwKrmvi eÅeÕ©v MÉnY KiGZ nGe|
K myÕ© AeÕ©vq c÷i kixGi ˆhme jÞY cÉKvk cvq, ˆKvGbv DcwiDÚ welqàGjv AbymiY KiGj Rvwn` mvGnGei LvgvGii
KviYekZ H mKj Õ¼vfvweK jÞGYi ˆKvGbv cwieZÆb NUGj Mvwfi myÕ¼vÕ©Å I DeÆiZv eRvq ^vKGe ‰es `ya Drcv`b e†w«¬
ˆm AeÕ©vGK c÷ ˆivM eGj| cvGe|
L ˆh mKj ˆivM ˆivMvKÌv¯¦ c÷ nGZ myÕ© c÷i ˆ`Gn RxevYy cÉk² 23 Rbve gnwmGbi wZbwU eKbv Mi‚ AvGQ| ‰i gGaÅ
«¼viv msKÌvwgZ nq ˆmàGjvGK msKÌvgK ˆivM eGj|
msKÌvgK ˆivGM AvKvÌ ¯¦ c÷i msÕ·GkÆ ‰Gj cvwb, Lv`Å ev ‰KwU eKbv Mig nGj wZwb c÷ mÁ·` AwdGm wMGq eKbvwUGK
eÅenvhÆ `ËGeÅi gvaÅGg ˆivM AbÅ myÕ© c÷GZ gnvgvix AvKvGi
QwoGq coGZ cvGi| ZvB hZ `Ë‚Z mÁ¿e AvKÌv¯¦ c÷GK Avjv`v
Õ©vGb ˆiGL wPwKrmv KiGZ nq|
M Rvwn` mvGneGK Zvi cvwievwiK `y™¬ LvgvGii RbÅ AwaK RivqyGZ D®²Z luvGoi wmGgb «¼viv cvj w`Gq weGkl hð ˆbqv ÷i‚
`ya Drcv`bkxj c÷ wbeÆvPb KiGZ nGe| ZvB Zvi LvgvGii
KiGjb ‰es AbÅ Mi‚i mylg LvG`Åi ZvwjKv nGZ H Miw‚ Ui
RbÅ wbeÆvwPZ c÷i ŠewkÓ¡Å wbÁ²i…c nGe
i. ˆ`Gni AvKvi AbycvGZ eyK I ˆcGUi ˆeo ˆewk nGe| wf®²Zi KiGjb| KGqK gvm cGi Mi‚wU evœPv cÉme KiGj
ii. c÷i gv^v gvSvwi AvKw‡ Zi, Kcvj cÉkÕ¦ I ˆPvL Dä¾j
gnwmb ‰KBfvGe AbÅ Mi‚i gGZv MvwfwUGK Lv`Å w`GZ
nGe|
iii. ˆ`Gni mvgGbi w`K nvjKv, ˆcQGbi w`K fvix I myMwVZ ^vKGjb| wK¯§ m`Å cÉmeK‡Z MvwfwU w`Gb w`Gb ÷wKGq ˆhGZ
nGe| jvMj ‰es `yGai cwigvY KGg ˆhGZ jvMj|A wkLbdj-8 I 9
iv. cvRGii nvGoi AwÕ¦Z½ evBGi ˆ^GK Õ·Ó¡ Abyfe Kiv
K. cvÕ§wiKiY Kx? 1
hvGe I kixGii MVb wXjv nGe|
v. Pvgov cvZjv, PwenÆ xb I Dä¾j isGqi ‰es ˆjvg gmY† I L. AvVvwj wKfvGe ÞwZ KGi? 2
PKPGK nGe| M. gnwmb Zvi Mi‚i weGkl hð KxfvGe wbZ? eÅvLÅv
KGiv| 3
N. ˆKb Rbve gnwmGbi MvwfwU `ya ˆ`Iqv KwgGq w`j?
cÉGqvRbxq c`GÞc ˆZvgvi gZvgGZi AvGjvGK
weGkÏlY KGiv| 4
c÷ cvjb 17
23 bs cÉGk²i Dîi 2. wm«¬ gvmKjvB 500 MÉvg, fvZ I gvo ev ˆSvjào 500
MÉvg, wccyj àuGov 12 MÉvg, Lvevi jeY 60 MÉvg ‰KGò
K ‰KwU wbw`ÆÓ¡ Zvcgvòvi hG¯¨i mvnvGhÅ `ya ˆ^GK ÞwZKi wgwkGq LvIqvGj `yGai cwigvY evGo|
RxevYy a»sm KGi msiÞiY ivLvi DcGhvMx KivB nGjv
cvÕ§wiKiY| A 3. euvkcvZv 40-50 MÉvg cvwbGZ wm«¬ KGi ZvGZ ˆRvqvb
30 MÉvg I ˆSvjào 200 MÉvg wgwkGq LvIqvGj `ya
L AvvVvwj ‰K cÉKvi ciRxex hv Mi‚i kixGii Pvgovq evoGeB|
AeÕ©vb KGi| ‰iv c÷i Z½GKi iÚ÷Gl iÚ kƒbÅZvi m†wÓ¡
KGi| c÷ Pvgov kÚ eÕ§GZ NGl weavq Pvgovi ÞwZ nq| 4. cjvk I wkgyj dzj 1 ˆKwR cwigvY ‰KmvG^ wgwkGq
c÷i Š`wnK e†w«¬ Õ©wei nGq cGo ‰es `ya ˆ`evi ÞgZv KGg LvIqvGj `ya evGo| cvKv ˆej ev KuvPv ˆej wm«¬ KGi
hvq| AvVvwj wewf®² ˆivGMi RxevYy enb KGi ^vGK| ZvB LvIqvGj `ya evoGe|
‰G`i KvgGo c÷ Hme ˆivM «¼viv AvKvÌ ¯¦ nq| A
5. euvavKwc, dzjKwc I MvRi cvZv, kvjMg, gyjv I ˆcuGc
M Mvwf MfÆeZx nIqvi ci ZvG`i weGkl hð wbGZ nq| cvZv LvIqvGj `ya evoGe|
KviY MfÆveÕ©vq hð I AbÅvbÅ cwiPhÆvi Ici Mvwfi Õ¼vfvweK
cÉme, myÕ© evQyi R¯Ã ˆ`Iqv, `ya Drcv`b ‰es cieZÆxKvGj 6. `y™¬eZx Mvwfi `ya nVvr KGg ˆMGj ev e®¬ nGq ˆMGj
Õ¼vfvweK MfÆaviY cÉf‡wZ welq wbfÆi KGi| KuvPv ˆcuGc I ˆcuGci cvZv ‰KGò ˆeuGU wPwbi Mv` ev
Mvwfi ^vKvi RvqMv ev Ni cwiÓ•vi-cwiœQ®²| NGi hvGZ ˆSvjào wgwkGq LvIqvGj `ya cÉ`vb ÞgZv cƒGeÆi
e†wÓ¡i cvwb bv XzKGZ cvGi ˆmw`GK jÞ ˆiGLwQGjb| Mvwf AeÕ©vq AvmGe|
hvGZ Avivg KGi ÷GZ cvGi ˆmRbÅ ˆkvevi RvqMvGZ ÷KGbv
Lo wewQGq w`GqwQGjb| Mvwfi Ni hvGZ AwZwiÚ Vvív ev 7. Avjyi cvZv `ya e†w«¬KviK| Avi wewPKjv, PvGji Þz`
Mig bv nq ˆmw`GK ˆLqvj ˆiGLwQGjb| ˆivMRxevYyi cÉGKvc ‰KGò wm«¬ KGi LvIqvGj `yGai cwigvY evoGZ ^vKGe|
KgvGbvi RbÅ Mvwfi Ni wbqwgZ RxevYybvkK «¼viv ayGq w`GZb
I MvwfGK fvGjvfvGe ˆMvmj KivGZb| cÉmGei 1 gvm AvGM cwiGkGl ejv hvq ˆh, gnwmb DcGi ewYÆZ c`GÞcàGjv
MvwfGK AbÅ Mi‚ ˆ^GK Avjv`v ˆiGLGQb| ‰QvovI MeÆeZx MÉnGYi gvaÅGg Zvi `yGaj Mvwf ˆ^GK DchyÚ cwigvY `ya
ˆcGZ cvGi eGj Avwg gGb Kwi|
Mvwfi AviI wKQy welGq hð wbGZb| ˆhgb MfÆKvGji mvZ
gvm ch¯Æ ¦ Mvwfi Lv`Å eÅeÕ©vcbv, `ya ˆ`vnb Õ¼vfvweK cÉk² 24 KweGii MvwfwU bZzb evœPv cÉmGei ci ˆ^GK
ˆiGLwQGjb| MGfÆi 8 gvm ˆ^GK evœPv cÉme chƯ¦ wewf®² mylg
Lv`Å ˆhgb D®²Z RvGZi KuvPv Nvm, Lo, ŠLj, fzwm, PvGji evQyiwU Pvj ˆavqv cvwbi gGZv mv`v I cvZjv gjZÅvM KiGQ|
Kzuov, Wvj, ˆSvjvào, jeY LvIqvb| evœPv cÉmGei `y’mµ¦vn
AvGM ˆ^GK ÷Kbv Lv`Å KwgGq KuvPv Nvm I big Lv`Å mieivn ‰ mgmÅv mgvavGb wZwb wKQy c`GÞc MÉnY KGib ‰es
KGiwQGjb| mvZ gvm ˆ^GK AvGÕ¦ AvGÕ¦ `ya ˆ`vnb e®¬ ‰es
40 w`b cƒGeÆ mÁ·ƒYiÆ …Gc e®¬ KGi w`GqwQGjb| MvwfGK w`Gq evQyiGK mylg Lv`Å LvIqvGbvi wm«¬v¯¦ MÉnY KGib| A
ˆKvGbv KvR Kivbwb| AbÅ Mi‚ ev cÉvYx ˆhb Mvwfi Dci bv
DVGZ cvGi ˆmw`GK jÞ ˆiGLwQGjb| wkLbdj-10
gnwmb mvGne myÕ© I Õ¼vfvweK evœPv cÉmGei RbÅ MfÆeZx
MvwfàGjvi DwÍÏwLZ weGkl hðmgƒn gnwmb mvGne wbGqwQGjb| K. wg^vBj eÐ~ cixÞv Kx? 1
ˆKbbv AvRGKi evQyi fwelÅGZi `ya I gvsm Drcv`bKvix
Mvwf, D®²ZgvGbi cÉRbb DcGhvMx luvo| L. Mevw`c÷i D`ivgq ˆivGMi KviY eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2
N gnwmGbi Mvwf evœPvcÉ`vGbi ci ˆm MvwfwUGK cybivq M. Kwei Zvi LvgvGii evQyiwUi RbÅ KxfvGe Lv`Å ŠZwi
AbÅvbÅ Mi‚i gGZv mvaviY Lv`Å w`GZ ÷i‚ KGi| ‰KviGYB
Zvi m`Å cÉmeK‡Z Mvwf w`Gb w`Gb ÷wKGq hvq I `ya Drcv`b KiGeb ‰es Zv cÉGqvGMi wbqgvewj eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3
KwgGq ˆ`q|
‰gZveÕ©vq ˆh mgÕ¦ c`GÞc MÉnGYi gvaÅGg Kvw›ÞZ cwigvY N. KweGii LvgvGi beRvZK evQyiwU ˆh ˆivGM AvKÌv¯¦
`ya cvIqv ˆhGZ cvGi Zv wbGP eYÆbv Kiv nGjv A
1. MvwfGK ÷ay gmyi Wvj 300-400 MÉvg cÉwZw`b wm«¬ KGi Zvi cÉwZKvi weGkÏlY KGiv| 4
LvIqvGj `yGai cwigvY evGo| 24 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
K ˆh cixÞvi «¼viv wg^vBwjb eÐ~ UvBGUÇkGbi gvaÅGg `yGa
eÅvKGUwiqvi cwigvY wbYÆq Kiv nq ZvB wg^vBj eÐ~ cixÞv|
L Mevw`c÷ cvjGb ˆivMeÅvwa ‰KwU cÉavb mgmÅv| fvBivm,
eÅvKGUwiqv, QòvK, ˆcÉvGUvGRvqvRwbZ RxevYy wewf®² aiGbi
K‡wgi AvKÌgGY Mevw`c÷i D`ivgq ˆivM nq|
wewf®² cÉKvi Lv`Å weGkl KGi gvGV cPv `ƒwlZ Lo, jZv-cvZv,
cPv cvwb LvIqvi dGj D`ivgq ˆivM nGq ^vGK| ZvQvov,
ebÅvi ci gvV NvGUi cvwb ˆbGg ˆMGj cÉPzi KwP Nvm R¯Ãvq|
c÷ ‰ mKj Nvm ˆLGj D`ivgq ˆivGM AvKÌv¯¦ nGZ cvGi|
M Kwei Zvi LvgvGi beRvZK evQyiGK cÉ`vb Kivi RbÅ
mylg Lv`Å ŠZwi KiGeb|
evQyGii RbÅ mylg Lv`Å ŠZwii DcKiY ‰i gGaÅ iGqGQ
`vbv`vi Lv`Å ‰es meyR KuvPv Nvm| evQyGii RbÅ 10 ˆKwR
`vbv`vi Lv`Å wgkÉY ˆm wbGÁ²vÚ nvGi ŠZwi KiGeb@
18 cvGéix m†Rbkxj K‡wlwkÞv w«¼Zxq cò ‰Kv`k-«¼v`k ˆkÉwY
Dcv`vb cwigvY (ˆKwR) N. DwÍÏwLZ cwiwÕ©wZGZ Kx aiGbi c`GÞc MÉnGYi
MGgi fzwm 4.3 gvaÅGg MvwfwU ˆ^GK DchyÚ cwigvGY `ya cvIqv
PvGji Kzuov 1.5 ˆhGZ cvGi? weGkÏlY KGiv| 4
ˆLmvwi fvOv
1.5 25 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
wZGji ŠLj 0.50 K mvaviYZ `ywU c«¬wZGZ `ya ˆ`vnb Kiv nq, h^v 1. nvZ
w`Gq ˆ`vnb c«¬wZ| 2. h¯¨ «v¼ iv ˆ`vnb c«¬wZ|
ˆQvjv fvOv 2.00
L `xNÆw`b hver ‰KB eÅwÚ `ya ˆ`vnb KiGj ˆm eÅwÚ Mvwfi
wfUvwgb ev LwbR c`v^Æ 0.10 wbKU cwiwPZ nGq hvq ‰es ˆ`vnbKvix MvwfwU wbq¯¨Y Kivi
ˆKŒkj iµ¦ KGi ˆdGj| dGj Mvwf f`Ë AvPiY KGi| `ya
jeY 0.10 ˆ`vnGbi mgq MvwfGK wbq¯¨GY ivLGZ bv cviGj `ya ˆ`vnb
wewN³Z nq| Mvwfi IjvGb hG^Ó¤ `ya ^vKv mGî½I `ya ˆ`vnb
ˆgvU 10 cÉwKÌqv ev c«¬wZ bv Rvbvi KviGY mwVK cwigvY `ya msMÉn
Kiv mÁ¿e nq bv|
DwÍÏwLZ Lv`Å wgkÉY evQyiGK Kwei wbGÁ²vÚ DcvGq LvIqvGeb@ ˆKvGbv h¯¨vsk ev ˆgwkb ˆ^GK Avkvbyi…c dj ˆcGZ DÚ ˆgwkb
cwiPvjbvi RbÅ ˆhgb cÉwkÞY MÉnY KiGZ nq ev ˆKŒkj iµ¦
1. 2 gvm eqm chƯ¦: kvixwiK IRGbi 10% nvGi `ya KiGZ nq ˆZgwb `y™¬eZx Mvwf ˆ^GK Kvw›ÞZ cwigvY `ya
ˆcGZ MvwfGK wbq¯¨GY ivLvi ˆKŒkj iµ¦ KiGZ nq|
LvIqvGZ nGe| 5 mµ¦vn eqm nGj wKQy KwP Nvm I 20% ZvB ejv hvq, ‘`ya ˆ`vnb ‰KwU KvwiMwi cÉwKÌqv”|
ˆcÉvwUbhyÚ KvdÕ¡vUÆvi w`GZ nGe|
2. 2-6 gvm eqm chƯ¦: 8 mµ¦vn eqGm Š`wbK 0.5 ˆKwR
`vbv`vi Lv`Å ‰es 1 ˆKwR KuvPv Nvm ‰es 4 gvm eqm
nGj 0.75 ˆKwR `vbv`vi Lv`Å I 3 ˆKwR Kvu Pv Nvm w`GZ
nGe|
3. 6 gvGmi ˆewk eqm nGj: 1-1.5 ˆKwR `vbv`vi Lv`Å
‰es 7 ˆKwR KuvPv Nvm w`GZ nGe|
N KweGii LvgvGii beRvZK evQyiwUi mv`v evnÅ ev M DóxcGK DwÍÏwLZ Avmwdqvi bvbv Kvw›ÞZ cwigvGY `ya bv
KvdÕ•vIqvi ˆivM nGqwQj|
mvaviYZ RG¯Ãi mvG^ mvG^ evQyi ‰K aiGbi eÅvKGUwiqv «¼viv cvIqvi caÉ vb `ywU KviY wbGP eÅvLÅv Kiv nGjv
‰B ˆivGM AvKvÌ ¯¦ nq| K‡wòg Lv`Å, AÕ¼vÕ©ÅKi cwiGek, bvwf 1. `ya ˆ`vnbKvixi cÉfve : ‰wU `yGai cwigvGYi Dci cÉfve
weÕ¦vi KGi| KviY, `xNÆw`b hver ‰KB eÅwÚ `ya ˆ`vnb
ev LvG`Åi gvaÅGg ˆivM RxevYy msKÌwgZ nGq ‰ ˆivGMi m†wÓ¡ KiGj ˆm Mvwfi wbKU cwiwPZ nGq hvq ‰es MvwfGK
nq| Mvwfi cÉ^g kvj`ya ev KGjvÕ¡ÈvGgi AfvGe, AwbqwgZ ev wbq¯¨Y ˆKŒkj iµ¦ KGi ˆdGj| wK¯§ ˆ`vnbKvix nVvr
AwaK cwigvGY `ya ev ALv`Å ˆLGjI evQyGii ˆivM nGq ^vGK| cwieZÆGb `yGai cwigvY nËvm cvq|
Kwei Zvi evQyGii ‰GivM cÉwZKvGi wbGÁ²vÚ KvRàGjv KiGeb- 2. `ya ˆ`vnb mgq : wbw`ÆÓ¡ mgqmƒwP Abyhvqx cÉwZw`b `y’evi
1. cwiÓ•vi-cwiœQ®², ÷Kbv, RxevYygyÚ RvqMvq evQyi ivLGeb| ev cÉGqvRGb wZb evi `ya ˆ`vnb Kiv DwPZ| hLb ZLb
2. RG¯Ãi mvG^ mvG^ evQyiGK cwiwgZ cwigvGY Mvwfi ev AwbqwgZfvGe `ya ˆ`vnb KiGj `ya Drcv`b KGg hvq|
3. kvj`ya ev KÅvGjvÕ¡Èvg LvIqvGZ nGe| N DóxcGK DwÍÏwLZ Avmwdqvi bvbv Zvi `y™¬eZx Mvwf ˆ^GK
kixGii cvwbkƒbÅZv `ƒi Kivi RbÅ 5% ˆWÝGUÇvR Kvw›ÞZ cwigvY `ya bv ˆcGq nZvk nb| ‰gZveÕ©vq ˆh mgÕ¦
4. mÅvjvBb BbGRKkb w`Geb| c`GÞc MÉnGYi gvaÅGg Kvw›ÞZ cwigvY `ya cvIqv ˆhGZ
5. evQyiGK wfUvwgb ‘we’ KgGµÏÝ I wfUvwgb ‘wm’ LvIqvGeb|
evQyiGK mvjGdvbvgvBW ev AÅvw´ŸevGqvwUK RvZxq Ilay cvGi Zv wbGP weGkÏlY Kiv nGjv
LvIqvGeb| Mvwfi `ya Drcv`b ÞgZv RvZ, Lv`Å, eqm, evmÕ©vb,
Kwei Zvi beRvZK evQyGii KvdÕ•vIqvi ˆivM DcGi ewYÆZ AvenvIqv, ˆ`vnb ˆKŒkj BZÅvw`i Dci wbfÆi KGi|
c÷GK AwaK cwigvGY Lv`Å LvIqvGj `ya ˆewk cvIqv hvq|
wPwKrmvi gvaÅGg Dckg KiGeb|
ZGe cÉ`vbK‡Z Lv`Å AekÅB mylg nGZ nGe| ˆ`wk Mvwfi
cÉk² 25 Avmwdqv AmyÕ© bvbxGK ˆ`Lvi RbÅ bvbvevwoGZ Zzjbvq D®Z² RvGZi Mvwfi `ya Drcv`b ÞgZv ˆewk|
evmÕ©vGbi cvwicvwk¼ÆK AeÕ©v Mvwfi RbÅ Avivg`vqK bv
hvq| AmyÕ© bvbx MZ `yw`b aGi MvwfwU ˆ`vnb KiGZ cviGQ nGj ‰es Mvwfi eqm ˆewk nGj `ya Drcv`Gbi nvi KGg hvq|
Avevi AbyK„j AvenvIqv ‰es MÉxÓÃ I elÆvKvGji Zzjbvq
bv| AvmwdqvGK wbGq Zvi bvbv `yavGjv MvwfwU ˆ`vnGbi RbÅ kxZKvGj `yGai Drcv`b nvi e†w«¬ cvq| ‰KB `ya ˆ`vnbKvix
«¼viv wbqwgZ `ya ˆ`vnb Kiv nGj `yGai cwigvY e†w«¬ cvq|
cÉGqvRbxq DcKiYmn evwoi DVvGb hvq| wK¯§ AbÅvbÅ w`Gbi DwÍÏwLZ c`GÞc MÉnGYi gvaÅGg wZwb MvwfwU ˆ^GK DchyÚ
cwigvGY `ya ˆcGZ cvGib|
gGZv `ya Zviv msMÉn KiGZ eÅ^Æ nq| A wkLbdj-11
K. mvaviYZ KqwU c«¬wZGZ `ya ˆ`vnb Kiv nq| 1
L. ‘`ya ˆ`vnb ‰KwU KvwiMwi cÉwKÌqv’| eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2
M. Avmwdqvi bvbvi Kvw›ÞZ cwigvGY `ya bv cvIqvi
cÉavb `ywU KviY eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3
c÷ cvjb 19
cÉk² 26 N ‰KwU Mi‚i `ya Drcv`b wbfÆi KGi AGbKàGjv cÉfveGKi
Ici| ‰G`i gGaÅ Mi‚i Lv`Å I ˆ`vnb mgq AbÅZg| Lv`Å I
X ˆ`vnGbi mgqKvGji Ici `ya Drcv`b AGbKUv wbfÆikxj|
c÷GK AwaK cwigvY Lv`Å LvIqvGj `ya Drcv`b e†w«¬ cvq|
K. ‘ˆn’ Kx? wkLbdj-11
1 ZGe Lv`Å AekÅB mylg nGZ nGe| ˆhgb mylg `vbv`vi Lv`Å,
L. Rvdivev`x gwnGli ŠewkÓ¡Å eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2 cÉwKÌqvK‡Z imvGjv Lv`Å ‰es Õ©„jfvGe àGu ov Kiv Lo|
M. ivmvqwbKfvGe X c`v^ÆwUi AvGcwÞK ài‚Z½ wbYÆGqi MvfxGK mylg Lv`Å bv LvIqvGj `ya Drcv`Gbi cwigvY
c«¬wZ eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3 AvkâvRbKfvGe KGg hvq ‰es `yGai àYMZgvbI KgGZ
N. wPGòi cÉwKÌqvwUi Ici Lv`Å I ˆ`vnb mgqKvGji ^vGK| Avevi LvG`Åi cÉK‡wZ I cwigvGYi Ici `Gy ai cwigvY
ˆKvGbv cÉfve AvGQ Kx? gZvgZ `vI| 4 I àYvàGYi ZviZgÅ nq| c÷ cvwb I meyR KuvPv Nvm ˆewk
26 bs cÉGk²i Dîi ˆLGj `yGai cwigvY ˆewk nq wK¯§ `ya cvZjv I `yGa PweÆi
cwigvY Kg nq| AbÅw`GK c÷GK `vbv`vi Lv`Å LvIqvGj `ya
K meyR NvGm dzj Avmvi mgq ˆKGU ˆivG` ÷wKGq cÉÕ§ZK‡Z Nb nq ‰es PweiÆ cwigvY Õ¼vfvwKfvGeB ˆewk ^vGK| `yGa
c÷ Lv`Å nGjv ‘ˆn’| LwbR c`v^Æ I Lv`ÅcÉvGYi cwigvYI Mvfxi LvG`Åi gvaÅGg
evovGbv hvq| MvfxGK wewf®² Dcv`vb mnGhvGM ŠZwi mylg
L fviGZi Kvw^IqvGo wMi AiYÅ ‰es Rvdivev` ‰ gwnGli Lv`Å w`Gj `yGai cwigvY I gvb Õ¼vfvweK ^vGK|
Avw` DrcwîÕ©j| Rvdivev` gwnGli ŠewkÓ¡Å nGjv@ Aciw`GK `ya ˆ`vnb weGkl KGi ˆ`vnb Kvj, ˆ`vnGbi mgq
‰iv AvKvGi eo, wks fvix, PÅv¶Ÿv ‰es euvKvGbv| ˆ`n KvGjv BZÅvw` Mvfxi `yGai cwigvY I gvbGK cÉfvweZ KGi| Mvfxi
ZGe gyL, cv ‰es ˆjGR mv`v `vM AvGQ| cyi‚l I Õ¨x gwnGli `ya ˆ`Iqvi cwigvY AvGÕ¦ AvGÕ¦ 50 w`Gb ˆeGo mGeÆvœP nq|
IRb h^vKÌGg 590 I 450 ˆKwR nq| `yGa PweÆi cwigvY Lye `y™¬`vbKvGji 90 w`b ci ˆ^GK `yGa gvLb I AvwgGli nvi
ˆewk| Pvlvev`, Nvwb Uvbv I Mvwo Uvbvi KvGR ‰G`i eÅenvi AvswkK evGo| ‰KB MvfxGK ռ͸mgGqi eÅeavGb ˆ`vnb
Kiv nq| KiGj `yGa gvLGbi cwigvY ˆewk cvIqv hvq| ZvB mKvGji
`yGai ˆPGq weGKGji `yGa gvLGbi cwigvY ˆewk ^vGK| ZvB
M wPGò hG¯¨i gvaÅGg `ya ˆ`vnb Kiv ˆ`LvGbv nGqGQ| wPGòi MvfxGK 24 N¥Ÿvi gGaÅ `yB-wZbevi ˆ`vnb Kiv DwPZ| ‰GZ
‘X’ wPwn×Z c`v^ÆwU nGjv `ya| ivmvqwbKfvGe jÅvGÙvwgUvGii `ya Drcv`Gbi cwigvY evoGZ cvGi|
mvnvGhÅ `yGai AvGcwÞK ài‚Z½ wbYÆq Kiv nq| c«¬wZwU wbGP ZvB wPGòi cÉwKÌqvwU A^Ævr `ya ˆ`vnGbi Ici c÷i Lv`Å I
ˆ`vnb mgqKvGji cÉfve iGqGQ eGj Avwg gGb Kwi| ‰ welq
AvGjvPbv Kiv nGjv `ywU h^vh^fvGe wbqgvbyhvqx cvjb KiGj AwaK cwigvY I
cÉ^Gg ‰KwU KvGPi wmwj´£vi cƒYÆ KGi `ya wbGZ nGe, cGi gvbmÁÃZ `ya cvIqv mÁ¿e|
jÅvKGUvwgUviGK wmwj´£vGii `yGa WzevGZ nGe| jÅvKGUvwgUvi
wÕ©i nGj cvk ˆ^GK Zvi wiwWs wbGZ nGe| mvaviYZ 60
dvGibnvBU Zvcgvòv wewkÓ¡ `yGai AvGcwÞK ài‚Z½ mivmwi
ˆbIqv hvq| Mvfxi LvwU `yGai AvGcwÞK ài‚Z½ 1.032-1.034
ZGe `yGai Zvcgvòvi RbÅ jÅvKGUvwgUvi wiwWs ‰i mvG^ 0.1 cÉk² 27 nvwdR I Rvgvj `yB cÉwZGekx ‰KB RvGZi I
ˆhvM KiGZ nGe| Aciw`GK 60 dvGibnvBU ‰i wbGP cÉwZ eqGmi Mvwf wKGb c†^K c†^KfvGe `y™¬ Lvgvi Õ©vcb KGi|
wWwMÉ Zvcgvòvi RbÅ jÅvKGUvwgUvi wiwWs ˆ^GK 0.1 weGqvM
KiGZ nGe| ‰GK jÅvKGUvwgUvGii msGkvab cvV ejv nq| wK¯§ `ya Drcv`Gbi mgq ˆ`Lv ˆMj ZzjbvgƒjKfvGe RvgvGji
ˆhgb- hw` 70 dvGibnvBU `yGai jÅvKGUvwgUvGii wiwWs nq LvgvGi `ya Drcv`Gbi cwigvY Kg nGœQ| ‰Qvov Drcvw`Z `ya
30 ZGe jÅvKGUvwgUvi cvV nGe 30 + (70 60) 0.1 = wbÁ²gvGbi nIqvq mwVK evRvigƒjÅI ˆm cvGœQ bv| ‰ KviGY
30 + 1 = 31| Rvgvj Avw^ÆKfvGe ˆjvKmvGbi mÁÃyLxb nGœQ| A wkLbdj-11
myZivs AvGcwÞK ài‚Z½ nGe| K. njwÕ¡b wdÌwRqvb RvGZi Mi‚i Drcwî ˆKvb ˆ`Gk? 1
= 1 + 31 = 1 + 0.031 = 1.031| L. ivwf-wbwj gwnGli ŠewkÓ¡ÅàGjv ˆjGLv| 2
1000
M. RvgvGji LvgvGi `ya Drcv`b Kg nIqvi gƒj KviY
‰B AvGcwÞK ài‚GZ½i gvb ˆ^GK `yGai we÷«¬Zv hvPvB Kiv Kx? ‰QvovI AbÅvbÅ KviYàGjv eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3
nq| AvGcwÞK ài‚Z½ hw` 1.028 ‰i wbGP nq ZGe eySGZ nGe N. gvbmÁÃZ `ya Drcv`Gb RvgvGji Kx Kx c`GÞc
`yGa cvwb ˆgkvGbv nGqGQ| Avevi AvGcwÞK ài‚Z½ 1.032 ‰i ˆbIqv DwPZ?weGkÏlY KGiv| 4
ˆewk nGj eySGZ nGe gq`v A^ev àuov `ya ˆgkvGbv nGqGQ|
27 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
DcwiDÚ c«¬wZGZ jÅvKGUvwgUvi «¼viv `yGai AvGcwÞK ài‚Z½
K njwÕ¡b wdÌwRqvb RvGZi Mi‚i Drcwî njÅv´£ ev ˆb`vijÅvG´£|
wbYÆGqi gvaÅGg `yGai we÷«¬Zv hvPvB Kiv hvq|
20 cvGéix m†Rbkxj K‡wlwkÞv w«¼Zxq cò ‰Kv`k-«¼v`k ˆkÉwY
L cvwKÕ¦vGbi kvnxIqvj ˆRjvq wbwj-ivwf RvGZi gwnGli DœPgvòvq bvBGUÇUhyÚ dGiR Mvwfi `ya Drcv`b I àYMZ gvb
Drcwî| DfqB nËvm KGi|
‰G`i ˆ`Gni is mvaviYZ KvGjv gmb† , ZGe gvwU iGOi ev RvgvGji `y™¬ Lvgvi eÅeÕ©vcbvq Mvwfi hð ˆbIqvq I mylg
ev`vwg iGOiI nq| Kcvj, gyLgíj, ^yZbx, cv ‰es ˆjGRi Lvevi cÉ`vbmn wewf®² ˆÞGò ò‚wU ^vKvi KviGY Zvi `y™¬
gv^vi PzGj mv`v wPn× ^vGK| AvKvGi eo I n†Ó¡cyÓ¡ nq| Õ¨x LvgvGi `ya Drcv`b Kg nwœQj|
gwnGli nvo cvZjv I jÁv¼ , mÁÃyLfvM cvZjv I mi‚ wK¯§
wcQGbi Ask fvix I PIov; cyi‚Gli ˆejvq ‰i wecixZ| N RvgvGji `y™¬ LvgvGi `ya Drcv`b Kg nGœQ| `ya Drcv`b
‰G`i KzuR ˆbB| cyi‚l I Õ¨x gwnGli Mo IRb h^vKÌGg 700 nvi gƒjZ wbfÆi KGi Lv`Å eÅeÕ©vcbvi Ici| ‰QvovI Rvgvj
I 600 ˆKwR| Zvi LvgvGii `ya Drcv`b e†w«¬i RbÅ wKQy eÅeÕ©v MÉnY KiGZ
cvGi|
M nvwdR I Rvgvj `yB cÉwZGekx ‰KB RvGZi I eqGmi mylg Lvevi `ya Drcv`b e†w«¬GZ ài‚Zc½ ƒYÆ f„wgKv ivGL| Lo,
Mvwf wKGb `y™¬ Lvgvi Õ©vcb Kiv mGî½I RvgvGji LvgvGi ŠLj, fzwm, Wvj fvOv, KuvPv Nvm, LwbR c`v^Æ, wfUvwgb,
ZzjbvgƒjK `ya Drcv`b Kg nGœQ| Mvwfi `ya Drcv`Gbi cwiÓ•vi cvwb, ˆSvjvào BZÅvw` LvIqvGj Mvwf ˆewk `ya w`GZ
cwigvGYi Dci wewf®² Dcv`vGbi cÉfve iGqGQ| ZGe Drcv`b ÷i‚ KGi| ‰Qvov Avjy cvZv, wewPKjv, PvGji Ly`, euvavKwc,
Kgvi gƒj KviY mylg LvG`Åi Afve| dzjKwc, MvRi cvZv, kvjMg, gyjv I ˆcGc cvZv LvIqvGjI
Mvwfi AwaK cwigvY `ya Drcv`Gb Lv`Å ‰KwU eo f„wgKv `ya Drcv`b evGo|
cvjb KGi ^vGK| AwaK cwigvY Lv`Å AwaK `ya Drcv`Gb ‰Qvov 300-400 MÉvg wm«¬ gmyi Wvj, 500 MÉvg wm«¬
mnvqK| ZGe Lv`Å AekÅB mylg nGZ nGe| mylg `vbv`vi gvlKjvB, 400-500 MÉvg wm«¬ euvk cvZv, 12 MÉvg wccyj
Lv`Å, cÉwKÌqvK‡Z imvGjv Lvevi I Õ©ƒjfvGe àGu ov Kiv Lvevi àuov LvIqvGjI `ya Drcv`b I àYMZ gvb evGo|
`yGa gvLGbi nvi e†w«¬GZ f„wgKv ivGL| ‰QvovI Mvwfi ÷ay Lvevi bq AbÅvbÅ AvbylvwãK eÅeÕ©vcbvi gvaÅGgI
evmÕ©vb cwiÓ•vi-cwiœQ®² bv nGj Mvwf wewf®² ˆivGM AvKvÌ ¯¦ we÷«¬, àYMZgvbmÁ·®² I AwaK `ya Drcv`b Kiv mÁ¿e| ‰
nGZ cvGi hvi dGjI `ya Drcv`b KGg hvq| wbw`ÆÓ¡ mgq jGÞÅ Mvwfi evmÕ©vb cwiÓ•vi I RxevYygyÚ ivLGZ nGe|
DchyÚ Õ©vb I AÕ¼vÕ©ÅKifvGe `ya ˆ`vnb Kiv nGj `ya Mvwf ˆhb ˆKvGbv ˆivGM AvKÌv¯¦ bv nq ˆmw`GK ˆLqvj ivLGZ
Drcv`Gbi Dci Lvivc cÉfve cGo, hvi `i‚b `ya Drcv`b nGe| mwVK c«¬wZGZ I Õ¼vÕ©ÅmÁÃZ DcvGq `ya ˆ`vnb KiGZ
KGg hvq| mGeÆvœP cwigvY `ya ˆcGZ MvwfGK 24 N¥Ÿvq 2-3 nGe| cÉZÅn ‰KB cvò, mgq, Õ©vGb ‰es ‰KB eÅwÚ «¼viv
evi ˆ`vnb Kiv DwPZ| `ya ˆ`vnb ˆKŒkGji IciI `ya ˆ`vnb KiGj meÆvwaK I we÷«¬ `ya cvIqv hvq| MvwfGK
Drcv`Gbi nvi wbfÆi KGi| mwVK ˆKŒkGj `ya ˆ`vnb `ya ^vBiwÝb, ^vBGivGcÉvwUb hw` DchyÚ gvòvq ˆ`Iqv nq
Drcv`bGK cÉfvweZ KGi| MvwfGK cvwb I bvBGUÇUhyÚ dGiR ZvnGjI `yGai cwigvY DGÍÏLGhvMÅfvGe e†w«¬ cvq|
LvIqvGbvi Ici `yGai Drcv`b ÞgZv wbfÆi KGi| AwaK DcGi DwÍÏwLZ c`GÞcàGjv MÉnY KGi Rvgvj Zvi LvgvGi
cwigvY cvwb LvIqvGj Mvwfi `ya Drcv`b evoGe| Aciw`GK AwaK cwigvGY gvbmÁÃZ `ya Drcv`b KiGZ cvGi|
m†Rbkxj cÉk²eÅvsK
Dîi msGKZmn cÉk² M. mvGjnv ˆeMGgi cvjbK‡Z c÷wU ˆh ˆivGM AvKÌv¯¦
cÉk² 28 mvGjnv ˆeMGgi cvjbK‡Z eÐÅvK ˆeãj QvMGj nVvr Zvi KviY I jÞY eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3
fvBivmRwbZ ‰KwU ˆivGMi msKÌgY nq| wZwb RvbGZ cvGib N. mvGjnv ˆeMGgi cvjbK‡Z c÷wUi ài‚Z½ evsjvG`Gki
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nvi 90%| ˆivMwU meÆc^É g 1940 mvGj AvBfwiGKvGÕ¡ kbvÚ
Kiv nq ‰es 1992 mvGj evsjvG`Gk cÉ^g ˆ`Lv hvq| A
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bvg Kx? 1
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KGi| ebvçj, evqy cÉevGni MwZGiva KGi cwiGeGki wechÆq
cviGQb bv| XvKv ˆ^GK ögGb Avmv chÆUK Avwe` ZvGK Kgvq| ebvçj SoSêv I RGjvœQ¾vmRwbZ ÞqÞwZ nËvm
KGi| ebÅ RxeR¯§, cvwL I KxUcZãGK AvkÉq ˆ`q ‰es
ejGjb, ebR MvQcvjvi AfveB Avcbvi ‰ mgmÅvi cÉavb Lv`Å ˆhvMvq|
KviY| AwkLbdj-1 hZGewk MvQ jvMvGbv nGe, cwiGek ZZGewk mg†«¬ nGe|
cwiGeGk emevmiZ cÉwZwU cÉvYx cÉZÅÞfvGe DcK‡Z nGe|
K. ebvqb Kx? 1 ZvB ˆewk KGi MvQ jvMvb cwiGek euvPvb DwÚwU mÁ·ƒYÆ
hywÚhÚy |
L. K‡wl eb ejGZ Kx ˆevSvq? 2
M. AvweG`i DGókÅ cƒiGY eGbi ài‚Z½ eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3
N. AvweG`i ‰gb DwÚi KviY weGkÏlY KGiv| 4
1 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
K ŠeævwbK c«¬wZGZ ebf„wgGZ MvQ jvMvGbv, cwiPhvÆ I N Amxg `vm Zvi RwgGZ f„wgÞq I AbyeÆiZvi `i‚Y
msiÞYB nGjv ebvqb| wVKgGZv dmj djvGZ cviGQb bv| ‰ welGq ZvB Avwe`
eGjb, ebR MvQcvjvi AfveB Avcbvi ‰mgmÅvi cÉavb
L gvV dmGji gvGS gvGS wKQy wbw`ÆÓ¡ cÉRvwZi MvQ jvwMGq KviY|
K‡wl eb ŠZwi Kiv nq|
f„wgÞq cÉwZGiva I gvwUi DeÆiZv e†w«¬GZ ebR MvQcvjv Z^v
ICRAF (1995) ‰i gGZ, K‡wl eb ejGZ mwÁÃwjZ f„wg eb DGÍÏLGhvMÅ f„wgKv cvjb KGi ^vGK|
eÅenvi c«¬wZ I cwiPhÆv eÅeÕ©vcbvGK ˆevSvq, ˆhLvGb ‰KB
RwgGZ K‡wl dmGji mvG^ Õ©vb I Õ¦iwebÅvm KGi eüelÆRxex MvGQi wkKo gvwU AvKGo f„wga»m ˆiva KGi| eGbi MvQcvjv
cwiKw͸Z KvÓ¤j Dw«¿` I c÷ cvjb Kiv nq| K‡wleGbi ‰KB Lvov cvnvGoi cvwb cÉevn Kgvq dGj f„wga»m ˆiva nq| ebR
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KivI mÁ¿e nq| ^vKvq e†wÓ¡ mivmwi gvwUGZ AvNvZ KiGZ cvGi bv dGj
f„wgÞq nq bv| MvGQi ˆMvovi gvwUGZ cvwb cwiGkvwaZ nGq
M MvRxcyGii Bgi‚j KvGqm cwiGek msiÞGY eGbi f„wgKv cvwb cÉevn nËvm KGi| ‰fvGe eb f„wgÞq ˆivGa f„wgKv cvjb
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KGib| iKg Rxe‹ewPòÅ «v¼ iv f„wgi DeÆiZv msiwÞZ ^vGK|
ˆKvGbv ‰jvKvi e†wÓ¡cvZ, Zvcgvòv, ebÅv, Liv, RGjvœQ¾vm Amxg `vGmi cvnvox f„wg msj™² Õ©vGb ebR MvQcvjv Kg
BZÅvw` ebvçj «¼viv eÅvcKfvGe cÉfvweZ nq| ZvB mKj ^vKvq ‰es f„wgÞq ˆiva I DeÆiZv e†w«¬GZ eGbi ài‚GZ½i
‰jvKvq cwiGeGki cÉvK‡wZK fvimvgÅ iÞvi RbÅ 25% welqwU weGePbvq ˆiGLB Avwe` ‰gb DwÚ KGiGQ|
ebf„wg ^vKv cÉGqvRb| wK¯§ AvgvG`i ˆ`Gk miKvwi wnGmGe
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ebf„wgi cwigvY 10% ‰i Kg|
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jvMvGbvi ˆKvGbv weK͸ ˆbB| MvQ cÉGÕ¼`Gbi nvi evwoGq
cwiGek wbgÆj ivGL| evqygíGji Rjxq evGÓ·i cwigvY `Gji bvg AvGjvPbvi welq
evwoGq AvenvIqvi Pigfvevc®²Zv nËvm KGi| evqygíGji
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^vKvi RbÅ cÉGqvRbxq AwÝGRb mieivn KGi| wkKGoi
ˆgNbv cwiGekMZ ài‚Z½
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wkLbdj-1
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DGÍÏL KGiv| 3 eGbi cwiGekMZ ài‚Z½ mÁ·GKÆ eywSGq ejGjb ‰es ebf„wg
N. hgybv `Gji AvGjvPbvi welqwUGZ ebÅcÉvYxG`i a»sGmi KviYàGjvI ejGjb| wZwb AviI eGjb, ebf„wg
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2 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
K. K‡wòg eb Kx? 1
K gvbyGli «¼viv m†Ó¡ ebGK K‡wòg eb eGj| L. moK eb ev euva ebGK mvgvwRK eb ejv nq ˆKb?2
L Pviv ˆivcGYi ci ‰es Livi mgq Qvqv cÉ`vGbi eÅeÕ©v M. DóxcGK wmivR ˆ`Gk wdGi MÉvGgi eGbi ˆh AeÕ©v
wbGZ nq| KjvcvZv, ˆLRyicvZv, Wvjcvjv w`Gq Qvqv cÉ`vb
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K K‡wòg eb nGjv gvbyGli «v¼ iv m†Ó¡ eb| A
M myigv `Gji wkÞv^Æxiv eGbi weGbv`bMZ ài‚Zm½ gƒn mÁ·GKÆ L mvgvwRK ebvqb nGjv weGkl aiGbi ebvqb KvhòÆ ×g, hv
AvGjvPbv KGi ZvwjKv ŠZwi KiGe| ‰GÞGò mÁ¿veÅ ZvwjKvwU miKvi I `wi`Ë RbMGYi Askx`vwiGZ½i wfwîGZ cwiPvwjZ
wbÁ²i…c nGe@ nq| miKvi `wi`Ë RbGMvÓ¤xGK ævb I cÉhywî× mieivn KGi
i. Avb±` weGbv`Gbi RbÅ eGb ebGfvRb Kiv nq| Avi RbMY ˆgav I kÉg eÅenvi KGi ebvqb KvhòÆ ×g cwiPvjbv
ii. eb ögY KgÆeÅÕ¦ gvbyGli kvixwiK Aemv` `ƒi KGi| KGi|
iii. wewf®² ebÅcÉvYx gvbylGK Avb±` ˆ`q|
iv. eGbi wewPò MvQcvjv gvbyGli gbGK mGZR ivGL| mvgvwRK ebvqGbi DGókÅ nGjv miKvwi ebvçGji evBGi
v. MGelYvRwbZ KvGR eb cwi`kÆb Kiv nq| cÉvw¯¦K I cwZZ RwgGZ ebvqGbi gvaÅGg cwiGeGki D®²qb
NUvGbvi cvkvcvwk ebR mÁ·` e†w«¬, `wi`Ë I KgÆnxb
gvbyGli gbGK cÉdzÍÏ ivLvi ˆÞGò wPîweGbv`b LyeB ài‚Zc½ ƒYÆ| RbGMvÓ¤xi KgÆmsÕ©vb m†wÓ¡ ‰es ZvG`i Av^ÆmvgvwRK D®²qb
‰B ài‚Z½ Avw^ÆKfvGe gƒjÅvqb Kiv hvq bv| wbgÆj AvbG±`i NUvGbv| moK I euvGa ebvqGbi gvaÅGg ‰Kw`GK ˆhgb ebR
RbÅ eb wenvGii Zzjbv ˆbB| mÁ·` e†w«¬ I f„wgi mGevÆ îg eÅenvi nq, ˆZgwb AbÅw`GK
ebvqGbi mvG^ RwoZ RbGMvÓ¤xi Rxeb gvb D®²Z nq| ZvB
moK eb ev euva ebGK mvgvwRK eb eGj| A
N hgybv `Gji wkÞv^ÆxG`i AvGjvPbvi welq eGbi M wmivR ˆ`Gk wdGi ‰Gm ˆ`GLb ˆh, MÉvGgi ebf„wg cÉvq
Rxe‹ewPòÅMZ ài‚Z|½ wewf®² cÉKvi Dw«¿`, cÉvYx I AbyRxGei
cÉvK‡wZK DcwÕ©wZ, weÕ¦‡wZ AvbycvwZK I cviÕ·wiK a»sm nGq ˆMGQ| ebf„wg a»sm nIqvi KviYmgƒn wbÁi² …c
mnveÕ©vbB nGjv Rxe‹ewPòÅ| ewaÆZ RbGMvÓ¤xi AvevmÕ©Gji cÉGqvRGb eb ˆKGU Nievwo
ŠZwi Kiv nGœQ| So-Sêvi cÉGKvc e†w«¬ cvIqvq MvQcvjv
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Drcv`bkxjZv iÞvq ebÅcÉvYx Z^v ebÅ RxGei ài‚Z½ AGbK| Pvwn`v wgUvGbvi jGÞÅ eb ˆ^GK AwaK nvGi MvQ KvUvi dGj
ebÅcÉvYx KGg ˆMGj Rxe‹ewPGòÅi fvimvgÅ wewNZ³ nGe| dGj eb a»sm nGœQ| wbgÆvY KvGR I Avmevecò ŠZwii RbÅ
ÞwZKi ebÅcÉvYx gvbyGli Avevm ‰jvKvq PGj AvmGe, gƒjÅevb MvQ ˆKGU ˆdjv nGœQ wK¯§ bZzb ebvqb Kiv nGœQ bv|
KxUcZã AwaK nvGi dmGji ÞwZ KiGe| eb msiÞK cÉvYx eb I ebÅcÉvYx wewai h^vh^ cÉGqvM bv nIqvq eb a»sm
ˆhgb-evN, mvc, welvÚ KxUcZGãi msLÅv nËvm ˆcGj eGb Pzwi nGœQ| f„wgÞGq ebf„wg bÓ¡ nIqv I f„wgi DeÆiZv KGg
ˆeGo hvGe| AGbK ebÅcÉvYx iGqGQ hvG`i mwVKfvGe kbvÚ ev hvIqvq ebR mÁ·G`i Drcv`b Kg nGœQ| gvV dmGji
gƒjÅvqb Kiv nqwb| ‰àGjvI Rxe‹ewPòÅ eRvq ivLGZ f„wgKv Drcv`b e†w«¬i jGÞÅ eb ˆKGU gvV dmGji Pvlvev`
cvjb KGi| mÁ·ÉmviY Kiv nGœQ| hvi dGj ebf„wg a»sm nGœQ| MvQ
jvMvGbvi ci hð I mwVK iÞYvGeÞGYi AfvGe eGbi
cwiGeGki evÕ§ZG¯¨i Lv`ÅRvj I Lv`ÅwkKGj cÉGZÅK RxGei mÁ·ÉmviY ˆZgb nGœQ bv| eb eÅeÕ©vcbvq wbGqvwRZ KgÆxG`i
ài‚Z½ iGqGQ| ‰B Lv`ÅRvj I Lv`ÅwkKj ˆ^GK ˆKvGbv cÉvYx cÉwkÞY bv ^vKvq eb bÓ¡ nGœQ| eb ˆKGU cvnvwo ‰jvKvq
wejyµ¦ nGj Lv`ÅRvj I Lv`ÅwkKGji fvimvgÅ wewN³Z nGe| Ryg Pvl Kiv nGœQ| BGUi fvUvq ebR MvQ eÅenvi KiGZ eb
dGj cyGiv evÕ§ZG¯¨iB fvimvGgÅ cÉfve coGe, wewN³Z nGe ˆKGU ˆdjv nGœQ|
Rxe‹ewPòÅ|
A^Ævr, ebf„wg a»sGmi RbÅ cÉK‡wZ hZUzKz `vqx, Zvi ˆ^GKI
ZvB hgybv `Gji AvGjvPbvi cwiGeGki Rxe‹ewPòÅ iÞvq KGqKàY ˆewk `vqx gvbe mÁ·É`vq| A
ebÅcÉvYxi f„wgKv Acwimxg|
ebvqb 3
N wmivGRi ˆkGlvÚ eÚeÅwU nGjv ebf„wg m†RGbi gvaÅGg MvGQi gƒj I KvGíi ˆeo ‰es KvGVi cwigvY e†w«¬ cvq|
cwiGek msiÞY mÁ¿e| ˆivM I ˆcvKv-gvKGoi AvKÌgY nËvm cvq| MvGQi ciMvQv
ˆKvGbv ‰jvKvi e†wÓ¡cvZ, Zvcgvòv, ebÅv, Liv, RGjvœQ¾vm webÓ¡ nq I ˆKGbvwci ˆfZGi AvGjv-evZvGmi PjvPj ˆewk
BZÅvw` ebvçj «¼viv eÅvcKfvGe cÉfvweZ nq| ZvB mKj nq|
‰jvKvq cwiGeGki cÉvK‡wZK fvimvgÅ iÞvi RbÅ 25%
ebf„wg ^vKv cÉGqvRb| wK¯§ AvgvG`i ˆ`Gk miKvwi wnGmGe M Rüi‚Gji ögYK‡Z ebwU nGœQ my±`ieb| ‰B eGbi cwiwPZ
cÉK‡Z ebf„wgi cwigvY 17% ‰es ˆemiKvwifvGe cÉK‡Z
ebf„wgi cwigvY 10% ‰i Kg| I ŠewkÓ¡Å wbÁ²i…c
eZÆgvGb Rjevqy cwieZÆGbi ˆcÉÞvcGU wek¼GK emevGmi i. ‰ ebvçGj wbÁ²f„wg ˆRvqvi-fvUv «¼viv Š`wbK `yBevi
DcGhvMx ivLvi I Rxe‹ewPòÅ iÞvi RbÅ ˆewk KGi MvQ
jvMvGbvi ˆKvGbv weK͸ ˆbB| MvQ cÉGÕ¼`Gbi nvi evwoGq µÏvweZ nq|
cwiGek wbgÆj ivGL| evqygíGji Rjxq evGÓ·i cwigvY evwoGq ii. gÅvbGMÉvf eGbi e†ÞmgƒGni RivqyR AãyGiv`Mg nq ‰es
AvenvIqvi Pigfvevc®²Zv nËvm KGi| evqygíGji AwZwiÚ
KveÆb WvB AÝvBW ˆkvlY KGi RxeK„Gji ˆeuGP ^vKvi RbÅ k¼vmgƒj ^vGK|
cÉGqvRbxq AwÝGRb mieivn KGi| wkKGoi mvnvGhÅ avZe iii. ‰ ebvçj b`-b`x, Lvj-wej «¼viv ciÕ·i wewœQ®² ^vGK|
KYvGK aviY KGi cvwb `ƒlY ˆiva KGi| Šewk¼K Dúvqb ev iv. gÅvbGMÉvf eGbi gvwU meÆ`v ˆjvbv cvwbGZ ˆfRv ^vGK
wMÉb nvDm cÉwZwKÌqv ˆivGa f„wgKv ivGL ‰es ebR Dw«¿` f„wgi
AvœQv`b wnGmGe KvR KGi ‰es f„wgÞq ˆiva KGi| ebvçj, eGj e†Þmgƒn wPinwir|
evqy cÉevGni MwZGiva KGi cwiGeGki wechÆq Kgvq| ebvçj v. ‰ eGbi cÉavb e†Þ nGjv my±`wi, hvi RbÅ ‰ eGbi bvg
SoSêv I RGjvœQ¾vmRwbZ ÞqÞwZ nËvm KGi| ebÅ RxeR¯§,
cvwL I KxUcZãGK AvkÉq ˆ`q ‰es Lv`Å ˆhvMvq| nGqGQ my±`ieb|
hZGewk MvQ jvMvGbv nGe, cwiGek ZZGewk mg†«¬ nGe| vi. gÅvbGMÉvf eGbi cÉavb cÉavb KvÓ¤j e†Þ nGjv my±`wi,
cwiGeGk emevmiZ cÉwZwU cÉvYx cÉZÅÞfvGe DcK‡Z nGe| ˆMIqv, Mivb, evBb, ˆKIov, c÷i, Iov BZÅvw`|
A^Ævr wmivGRi eÚeÅwU h^v^Æ|
vii. ‰ eGbi AKvÓ¤j e†GÞi gGaÅ ˆMvjcvZv, ˆnvMjv, ˆnZvj,
cÉk² 4 AÓ¡g ˆkÉwYi Qvò Rüi‚j KLGbv my±`ieb ˆ`GLwb| ˆKqv, nviGMvRv, ˆeZ, kb BZÅvw` cÉavb|
ZvB ‰evi ˆm evevi KvGQ my±`ieb ˆ`Lvi Ave`vi KGi| evev
Zvi Ave`vGi ivwR nGq ‰Kw`b Õ¼cwievGi my±`ieb ˆ`LGZ viii. gÅvbGMÉvf eGbi cÉvYxi gGaÅ iGqGQ evbi, Kzwgi, nvãi,
ˆMGjb| Rüi‚j ˆmLvGb my±`ix, ˆMIqv, ˆMvjcvZv, Mivb ARMi I wewf®² cÉRvwZi mvc|
cÉf‡wZ wf®² cÉK‡wZi wKQy MvQ ˆ`GL Awff„Z nq| ZvQvov wKQy
nwiY, evbi I Kzwgi Zvi bRGi coj| Rüi‚Gji evev eGjb, ix. ‰ eGbi cÉavb AvKlÆY iGqj ˆeãj UvBMvi I wPòv
‰ eGbi A^Æ‹bwZK ài‚Z½ AGbK| A nwiY ‰es ˆMvjcvZv|
wkLbdj-1 I 2 DcwiDÚ me ŠewkÓ¡ÅB my±`ieGb cwijwÞZ nq eGj ‰GK
gÅvbGMÉvf ˆkÉwYi ebvçj ejv nq|
K. K‡wl ˆgjv Kx? 1
N DóxcGKi Rüi‚Gji ˆ`Lv ebwU nGjv evsjvG`Gki
L. e†GÞi cÉ‚wbs ‰i DcKvwiZv eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2 HwZnÅevnx c†w^exi meÆe†nr gÅvbGMÉvf eb my±`ieb| ‰B eb
RvZxq A^ÆbxwZmn cwiGek iÞvqI ài‚Zc½ ƒYÆ f„wgKv ivGL|
M. Rüi‚Gji ögYK‡Z ebwUi cwiwPwZ I ŠewkÓ¡Å eÅvLÅv
my±`ieGbi e†ÞmgƒGni KvV AGbK D®Z² I Pvwn`vmÁ·®² nIqvq
KGiv| 3
Zv wewf®² wk͸ ˆhgb KvMR wk͸, Avmeve wk͸, wbgÆvY wkG͸
N. evsjvG`Gki RvZxq A^ÆbxwZGZ Rüi‚Gji ˆ`Lv eGbi eÅen†Z nq| dGj ‰ wk͸àGjvGZ eü ˆjvGKi KgÆmsÕ©vGbi
gvaÅGg ˆ`Gki ˆeKviZ½ mgmÅv AGbKvsGk nËvm cvq| ‰Qvov
ài‚Z½ gƒjÅvqb KGiv| 4 wk͸àGjv ˆ^GK DcvwRÆZ A^Æ, RvZxq A^ÆbxwZGK mg†«¬ KGi|
my±`ieb ˆ^GK AvnwiZ gay AZů¦ myÕ¼v`y I àYMZ gvbmÁ·®²
4 bs cÉGki² Dîi nIqvq ‰ gay AvniY I wewKÌi «¼viv AGbK `wi`Ë gvbyl ZvG`i
RxweKv wbeÆvn KGi|
K K‡wlGgjv nGjv ‰gb ‰KwU ˆgjv ˆhLvGb K‡wlcYÅ cÉ`kÆb,
weKÌq ‰es K‡lKG`i gvGS D®²Z cÉhywÚ nÕ¦v¯¦i Kiv nq| my±`ieb ŠewPòÅgq ebÅcÉvYx I e†GÞi fvívi nIqvq ‰ eb
memgqB chÆUGKi KvGQ eo AvKlÆY| cÉwZeQi ‰B eb
L wbw`ÆÓ¡ DGóGkÅ ˆKvGbv MvGQi AcÉGqvRbxq Wvjcvjv KZÆb ˆ`LGZ I ‰i ˆmŒ±`hÆ DcGfvM KiGZ eü chÆUK AvGm| ‰GZ
KivGK cÉ‚wbs eGj| ˆ`Gki ŠeG`wkK gy`Ëv ARÆb nq| eb ˆ^GK cÉvµ¦ wewf®² Ilywa
MvQ ˆ^GK AGbK gƒjÅevb Ilay ŠZwi nq hv ˆ`Gk-weG`Gk
cwÉ‚ bs ‰i wewf®² DcKvwiZv mgnƒ nGjv ‰GZ MvGQi Drcv`b iµ¦vwb KGiI A^Æ DcvRÆb Kiv hvq|
ÞgZv evGo, AãR e†w«¬ I dj aviGY mvgÅZv Avbqb KGi|
mviv ˆ`kmn DcK„jeZxÆ gvbyGli RxeGbI my±`ieGbi
A^Æ‹bwZK ài‚Z½ AGbK|
4 cvGéix m†Rbkxj K‡wlwkÞv w«¼Zxq cò ‰Kv`k-«¼v`k ˆkÉwY
cÉk² 5 N 1 bs wPGò gÅvbGMÉvf eb ‰es cÉ`kÆb Kiv nGqGQ| ‰
ebàGjvi wewf®² Šemv`†kÅ jÞYxq|
wPò : 1 wPò : 2 A gÅvbGMÉvf eGbi AvqZb 6 jÞ 1 nvRvi 700 ˆnÙi| mvgvwRK
ebvqb nvi cÉwZwbqZ A͸ A͸ evoGQ| 2013 mvGj mvivG`Gk
wkLbdj-2 mvgvwRK eb «¼viv AvœQv`Gbi dGj m†Ó¡ e†GÞi cwigvY wQj
2.71 jÞ ˆnÙi| gÅvbGMÉvf eGbi cÉavb e†Þ my±`wi| AbÅ e†Þ
K. cÉPwjZ ebvqb Kx? 1 nGjv- ˆMIqv, ˆKIov, c÷i, evBb, KvKov BZÅvw`| mvgvwRK
ebvqb mswkÓÏ ¡ e†Þ nGjv- ˆiBbwUÇ, ˆgnMwb, wkj KoB, PvÁ¼j
L. cvnvwo AçGj Nb eb m†wÓ¡i KviY eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2 I dj` MvQ| ‰ eGbi fqsKi iGqj ˆeãj UvBMvi I
ARMi mvc ^vGK| mvgvwRK eGb wnsmÉ RxeR¯§ ^vGK bv|
M. 1bs wPò ˆKvb eGbi? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3 gÅvbGMÉvf eGb MvGQi NbZ½ ˆewk| mvgvwRK eGb MvGQi NbZ½
Kg ZGe cÉK‡Z KvV mÁ·` ŠZwi nGœQ| gÅvbGMÉvf eb ˆ`Gki
N. 1bs wPGòi eGbi mvG^ 2bs wPGòi eGbi `wÞY-cwøg Açj Z^v mgGƒ `Ëi wbKUeZxÆ AçGj AewÕ©Z|
mvgvwRK eb mgMÉ ˆ`keÅvwc weÕ¦‡Z|
Šemv`†kÅmgƒn weGkÏlY KGiv| 4 cÉk² 6 gvBjGÕ¡vb KGjGRi K‡wlwkÞv’i Qvò-Qvòxiv ZvG`i
5 bs cÉGk²i Dîi wkÞKG`i wbKU ˆmàb, Pvcvwjk, ˆMIqv I Mivb MvQ; evN,
K ˆh ebvqGb RbMGYi cÉZÅÞ AskMnÉ Y bvB ‰es miKvi fvÍÏyK I nwiY ‰es ebGgviM, güqv, gvQivOv I WvüK cvwL
wbaÆvwiZ ‰jvKvq ebvqb Kiv nq ZvB nGjv cÉPwjZ ebvqb| ˆ`LvGbvi AbyGiva Kij| wkÞKiv ZvG`iGK DÚ MvQcvjv I
L evsjvG`Gki cvnvwo eGbi NbZ½ ‰KUz ˆewk| RxeR¯§ ˆ`LvGZ mswkÓÏ ¡ ebàGjvGZ wbGq ˆMj| Qvò-Qvòxiv
‰ eGb eQGi MGo 250 ˆmwg ‰i ˆewk e†wÓ¡cvZ nq|
‰GZ Lye Lywk nGjv| A wkLbdj-2
‰LvbKvi Mo Zvcgvòv 34 ˆmw´ŸGMÉW| ‰ KviGY cvnvwo eb
ˆek Nb nq| e†ÞàGjv AwaKvskB wPinwir| eGb meyR e†Þ K. eb Kx? 1
ˆewk ^vKGj ˆmLvGb ˆewk e†wÓ¡ nq|
L. cÉvK‡wZK eb I K‡wòg eGbi cv^ÆKÅ eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2
M. DóxcGK DwÍÏwLZ MvQcvjv I RxeR¯§ ˆ`LGZ ZvG`iGK
ˆKvb ˆKvb eGb ˆhGZ nGjv? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3
M 1bs wPGò ˆh eb ev `†kÅ ˆ`LvGbv nGqGQ Zv my±`ieGbi| N. wkÞKiv Qvò-QvòxG`iGK ˆhme eGb wbGq ˆMj
‰ eGbi ŠewkÓ¡ÅàGjv nGjv ˆmàGjvi mvG^ K‡wòg eGbi Šemv`†kÅmgƒn weGkÏlY
i. ‰ ebvçGj wbÁf² „wg ˆRvqvi-fvUv «¼viv Š`wbK `yBevi
KGiv| 6 bs cÉGk²i Dîi 4
µÏvweZ nq|
ii. gÅvbGMÉvf eGbi e†ÞmgƒGni RivqyR AãyGiv`Mg nq ‰es K jZv, àÍ I ˆQvU eo MvQcvjvq AvœQvw`Z Avw`, eÅvcK I
wbiwewœQ®² ‰jvKvB eb| A
k¼vmgƒj ^vGK|
iii. ‰ ebvçj b`-b`x, Lvj-wej «¼viv ciÕ·i wewœQ®² ^vGK| L ˆh eb cÉvK‡wZK wbqGg MGo DGVGQ ZvGK cÉvK‡wZK eb ejv
iv. gÅvbGMÉvf eGbi gvwU meÆ`v ˆjvbv cvwbGZ ˆfRv ^vGK nq| AbÅw`GK gvbyGli «v¼ iv m†Ó¡ ebGK K‡wòg eb eGj|
eGj e†Þmgƒn wPinwir| cÉvK‡wZK I K‡wòg eGbi gGaÅ cv^ÆKÅ wbÁ²i…c
v. ‰ eGbi cÉavb e†Þ nGjv my±`wi, hvi RbÅ ‰ eGbi bvg
cÉvK‡wZK eb K‡wòg eb
nGqGQ my±`ieb|
1. RbMGYi mivmwi 1. RbMGYi mivmwi
vi. gÅvbGMÉvf eGbi cÉavb cÉavb KvÓ¤j e†Þ nGjv my±`wi,
ˆMIqv, Mivb, evBb, ˆKIov, c÷i, Iov BZÅvw`| AskMÉnY QvovB AskMÉnY AvGQ eGjB
vii. ‰ eGbi AKvÓ¤j e†GÞi gGaÅ ˆMvjcvZv, ˆnvMjv, ˆnZvj, cÉvK‡wZKfvGe MGo IGV eb nGZ ˆh Avq AvGm
ˆKqv, nviGMvRv, ˆeZ, kb BZÅvw` cÉavb|
dGj eb nGZ ˆh Avq Zv RbMY mivmwi
viii. gÅvbGMÉvf eGbi cÉvYxi gGaÅ iGqGQ evbi, Kzwgi, nvãi,
ARMi I wewf®² cÉRvwZi mvc| AvGm Zv RbMY mivmwi ˆfvM KGi|
ix. ‰ eGbi cÉavb AvKlÆY iGqj ˆeãj UvBMvi I wPòv cvq bv|
nwiY ‰es ˆMvjcvZv|
2. cÉvK‡wZK eGb MvGQi 2. K‡wòg eGb MvGQi NbZ½
wPò-1 ‰ k¼vmgƒj ˆ`LvGbv nGqGQ hv ˆ^GK wbwøZ nIqv hvq
wPòwU my±`ieGbi| NbZ½ ˆewk ‰es Kg ‰es ˆjvKvjGq ev
ˆjvKvjGqi evBGi ˆjvKvjGqi KvQvKvwQ
AewÕ©Z eGj wnsmÉ eGj wnsmÉ cÉvYx evm
cÉvYx, cvwL BZÅvw` KiGZ cvGi bv|
emevm KGi|
ebvqb 5
M Qvò-Qvòxiv wkÞGKi wbKU ˆmàb, Pvcvwjk, ˆMIqv I cÉk² 7 mvqgb Zvi evevi KvGQ my±`ieb ˆ`Lvi Ave`vi
Mivb MvQ ‰es evN, fvÍÏyK, nwiY, ebGgviM, güqv, gvQivOv
I WvüK ˆ`LvGbvi AbGy iva KiGjv| KGi| evev Zvi Ave`vGi ivwR nGq ‰Kw`b mcwievGi
DwÍÏwLZ MvQcvjv I RxeR¯§ cvnvwo eb I gÅvbGMÉvf eb my±`ieb ˆ`LGZ ˆMGjb| mvqgb ˆmLvGb my±`wi, ˆMIqv,
A^Ævr, my±`ieGb cvIqv hvq| ZvB wkÞK Qvò-QvòxG`i cvnvwo
eb I my±`ieGb wbGq ˆMGjb| cvnvwo ‰jvKvi DuPz-wbPz e®¬yi ˆMvjcvZv, Mivb cÉf‡wZ MvQ ˆ`GL hv ˆm AvGM KLGbv
RwgGZ cÉvK‡wZKfvGe MGo IVv ebGK cvnvwo eb eGj| ˆ`Gki
ˆgvU ebvçGji AwaKvskB cvnvwo eb| ‰ eb wPinwir I ˆ`GLwb| cG^ ˆhGZ ˆhGZ ˆm ˆ`Lj ivÕ¦vi cvGk MvQ jvwMGq
cYÆGgvPx e†GÞi eb| ‰ eGbi e†GÞi gGaÅ DGÍÏLGhvMÅ MRÆb,
Pvcvwjk, ˆZjmyi, DwoAvg, XvwKRvg, wmwfU, ˆmàb, Mvgvi, ‰K aiGbi ebvqb Kiv nGqGQ| wkLbdj-2
PÁ·v, Rvi‚j, Šejvg BZÅvw`| ‰ eGbi RxeR¯§i gGaÅ wPZvevN,
ebÅ kƒKi, nwiY, nbygvb, evbi, DÍÏyK, mRvi‚, ebi‚B, g^yiv K. K‡wl ˆgjv Kx? 1
‰es cvwLi gGaÅ ebGgviM, güqv, gqbv, fxgivR, UzbUzwb,
aGbk, KvVGVvKiv DGÍÏLGhvMÅ| A L. e†GÞi cÉ‚wbs Kiv nq ˆKb? 2
mgy`Ë DcK„jeZÆx wbPz I gvSvwi wbPz ˆjvbv gvwUGZ R¯ÃvGbv M. Rüi‚Gji ögYK‡Z ebwU ˆKvb aiGbi? eÅvLÅv KGiv|
ebGK gÅvbGMÉvf eb eGj| my±`ieb evsjvG`Gki gƒj Õ©jf„wg
ˆ^GK ÷i‚ nGq mgGy `Ëi Zxi chƯ¦ weÕ¦‡Z| cÉwZwbqZ mgyG`Ëi 3
ˆNvjv cvwbGZ µÏvweZ nq eGj my±`iebGK ˆNvjv ˆjvbvcvwbi
N. mvqgb ivÕ¦vi avGi ˆh aiGbi eb mvqgGbi Zvi
ebI eGj| my±`ieGbi ài‚Zc½ ƒYÆ MvGQi gGaÅ iGqGQ c÷i,
Mivb, ˆMIqv, ˆKIov, KuvKov, evBb, ˆnZvj, Ljwk, avcmgƒn eÅvLÅv KGiv| 4
ˆMvjcvZv cÉf‡wZ| ‰ eGbi cÉavb cÉavb cÉvYx nGœQ wek¼LÅvZ 7 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
iGqj ˆeãj UvBMvi, wPZv evN, nwiY, evbi, ARMi mvc,
wewPò cvwL I KxUcZã, Kzwgi AbÅvbÅ RjR cÉvYx I cvwL| K ˆh ˆgjvq weij I D®²ZRvGZi exR, ˆcvwΟÈ, Mevw`c÷,
grmÅ ‰es D®Z² K‡wl cÉhywÚ I DcKiY cÉ`kÆb I mieivn Kiv
N wkÞKiv Qvò-QvòxG`i cÉvK‡wZK eb cwi`kÆGb wbGq hvq| nq ˆm ˆgjvB K‡wl ˆgjv|
cÉvK‡wZK eb gvbyGli mvnvhÅ QvovB cÉvK‡wZKfvGe MGo IGV L Drcv`b e†w«¬i jGÞÅ e†GÞi kvLvcÉkvLv, gƒj, cvZv, dzj-
wK¯§ K‡wòg eb gvbylm†Ó¡| cÉvK‡wZK eGb MvQcvjv cÉvK‡wZK dj BZÅvw`i AcÉGqvRbxq Ask QuvUvB KivGK cÉ‚wbs eGj|
wbqGg ‰GjvGgGjv, Nbmw®²weÓ¡fvGe MGo IGV; K‡wòg eGb
MvQcvjvàGjv cwiK͸bv Abyhvqx mvwie«¬fvGe MGo ˆZvjv nq| djMvGQ cwÉ‚ bsGqi dGj e†GÞi AvKvi I AvK‡wZ wVK ^vGK,
cÉvK‡wZK eb ˆ`Gki wbw`ÆÓ¡ wKQy AçGj MGo IGV, ˆhgb: ˆivM evjvB «¼viv AvKÌv¯¦ kvLv-cÉkvLv ˆQuGU ˆ`qvi dGj ˆivM
DcK„jxq AçGj gÅvbGMÉvf eb; wK¯§ K‡wòg eb mvivG`Gki I ˆcvKvi AvKgÌ b nq bv| dzj I dGji àbMZgvb D®Z² nq,
ˆhGKvGbv RvqMvq m†Rb Kiv hvq| cÉvK‡wZK eGb MvGQi NbZ½ So ZzdvGb MvGQi ÞwZ nq bv| Drcv`b e†w«¬i RbÅ ‰KB
AGbK ˆewk ^vGK ‰es ˆjvKvjq ˆ^GK `ƒGi AewÕ©Z eGj kvLvq Nb KGi dj I dzj aiGj ˆQvU dj I dzj QuvUvB KGi
wnsmÉ cÉvYx emevm KiGZ cvGi; K‡wòg eGb MvGQi NbZ½ Kg w`Gj AbÅ dj I dzj eo nq| AwaKvsk dj MvGQ dj aivi
^vGK ‰es ˆjvKvjGqi KvGQ AewÕ©Z nq eGj wnsmÉ cÉvYx ci Kzuwk QuvUvB KiGj bZzb Kzuwk MRvq bZzb Kzuwk ˆ^GK bZzb
emevm KiGZ cvGi bv| cÉvK‡wZK eb cÉavbZ cwiGek iÞvq gyKzj aGi|
AZů¦ cÉGqvRbxq, ZvB cwiGek iÞvG^ÆB cÉvK‡wZK eb msiÞY
Kiv nq; KvV Drcv`b I RxweKv wbeÆvGni K^v weGePbv KGiB M mvqgGbi ögYK‡Z ebwU nGjv gÅvbGMÉf ev my±`ieb hv
cÉavbZ K‡wòg eb m†wÓ¡ Kiv nq| cÉvK‡wZK eGbi gGaÅ iGqGQ
cvnvwo eb, mgZj eb, gÅvbGMvÉ f eb BZÅvw`; K‡wòg eGbi ‰K aiGbi cÉvK‡wZK eb| ‰ eGbi ŠewkÓ¡ÅàGjv nGjv
gGaÅ iGqGQ moK I euva eb, emZ eb, K‡wl eb, cÉvwZÓ¤vwbK i. ‰ ebvçGj wbÁ²f„wg ˆRvqvi-fvUv «¼viv Š`wbK `yBevi
eb BZÅvw`| cÉvK‡wZK eGbi cwigvY w`b w`b nËvm cvGœQ;
AbÅw`GK miKvi I RbMGbi bvbvgyLx c`GÞGci dGj K‡wòg µÏvweZ nq|
eGbi cwigvY w`b w`b e†w«¬ cvGœQ| ii. gÅvbGMÉvf eGbi e†ÞmgƒGni RivqyR AãyGiv`Mg nq ‰es
k¼vmgƒj ^vGK|
iii. ‰ ebvçj b`-b`x, Lvj-wej «¼viv ciÕ·i wewœQ®² ^vGK|
iv. gÅvbGMÉvf eGbi gvwU meÆ`v ˆjvbv cvwbGZ ˆfRv ^vGK
eGj e†Þmgƒn wPinwir|
v. ‰ eGbi cÉavb e†Þ nGjv my±`wi, hvi RbÅ ‰ eGbi bvg
nGqGQ my±`ieb|
vi. gÅvbGMÉvf eGbi cÉavb cÉavb KvÓ¤j e†Þ nGjv my±`wi,
ˆMIqv, Mivb, evBb, ˆKIov, c÷i, Iov BZÅvw`|
vii. ‰ eGbi AKvÓ¤j e†GÞi gGaÅ ˆMvjcvZv, ˆnvMjv, ˆnZvj,
ˆKqv, nviGMvRv, ˆeZ, kb BZÅvw` cÉavb|
viii. gÅvbGMÉvf eGbi cÉvYxi gGaÅ iGqGQ evbi, Kzwgi, nvãi,
ARMi I wewf®² cÉRvwZi mvc|
ix. ‰ eGbi cÉavb AvKlÆY iGqj ˆeãj UvBMvi I wPòv
nwiY ‰es ˆMvjcvZv|
6 cvGéix m†Rbkxj K‡wlwkÞv w«¼Zxq cò ‰Kv`k-«¼v`k ˆkÉwY
N mvqgb ivÕ¦vi avGi mvgvwRK ebvqb ˆ`GLwQj| ‰ ebvqGb L ebf„wg nGZ Drcvw`Z gvbyGli cÉGqvRbxq Lv`Å, djgƒj,
mvaviY gvbyGli Õ¼ZtÕ¹„ZÆ AskMÉnY ^vGK I mKGj mgvb KvV, ˆflR, Ilywa `ËeÅ I KuvPvgvjGK ebR mÁ·` eGj|
DcKviGfvMx nq| ‰GZ A^Æ cÉ`vb KGi miKvi Avi evÕ¦evqb RbmsLÅv e†w«¬ I Rxebhvòvi gvb D®q² Gbi mvG^ mvG^ ebR
KGi Õ©vbxq cÉwZÓ¤vb| mÁ·G`i Pvwn`v ˆeGoGQ| ebvqGbi dGj ebf„wg nGZ meÆvwaK
ebR mÁ·`/ebR `ËeÅ Drcvw`Z nq| ‰KwU ˆ`Gki A^ÆbxwZGZ
mdjfvGe mvgvwRK ebvqb KvhÆKÌg evÕ¦evqGbi avcmgƒn wbGÁ² ebR mÁ·G`i cÉfve eÅvcK| evsjvG`Gki wRwWwcGZ ebR
AvGjvPbv Kiv nGjv @ mÁ·G`i Ae`vb cÉvq 1.75 fvM|
Õ©vb wbeÆvPb: ebvqGbi RbÅ ‰gb Õ©vb wbeÆvPb KiGZ nq M DóxcGK ebgvjx ˆh KvRàGjv KGi ^vGKb Zv mvgvwRK
ˆhLvGb evMvb ŠZwii DchyÚ RvqMv AvGQ| A^Ævr, ˆivcYK‡Z ebvqGbi mvG^ mvgémÅcƒY|Æ
Pvivi ˆKvGbv ÞwZ nGe bv I Õ©vbxq RbMGYi mg^Æb AvGQ| `wi`Ë RbGMvÓ¤xi Av^-Æ mvgvwRK D®²qb, ebRmÁ·G`i Drcv`b
e†w«¬ I cwiGek msiÞGYi jGÞÅ ˆKvGbv ‰jvKvi
DcKviGfvMx kbvÚ Kiv: DcKviGfvMx nGjv (i) f„wgnxb, (ii) RbmvaviGYi cÉZÅÞ AskMÉnGYi gvaÅGg emZevwo, ivÕ¦v, euva,
50 kZvsGki Kg f„wgi gvwjK, (iii) `ytÕ© gwnjv, (iv) Lvm Rwg ‰es wewf®² agxÆq I wkÞv cÉwZÓ¤vGb MGo ˆZvjv
AbMÉmi ˆMvÓ¤x, (v) `wi`Ë dGiÕ¡ wfGjRvi, (vii) AÕ¼œQj ebvqbGK mvgvwRK ebvqb eGj|
gywÚGhv«¬v A^ev ZvG`i AmœQj m¯¦vb| mvgvwRK ebvqGbi ˆÞGò ˆh ‰jvKvq ebvqb Kiv nGe ˆm
‰jvKvi RbMGYi gaÅ ˆ^GK f„wgnxb K‡lK, `yÕ© gwnjv,
cÉwkÞY ˆ`qv: DcKviGfvMxG`i KvwiMwi ævGbi I e†Þ AbMÉmi RbGMvÓ¤x, AmœQj gywÚGhv«¬v I cÉvw¯¦K K‡lKG`i
cwiPhÆvi Ici cÉwkÞY wbGZ nq| ZvG`i `vwqZ½ I KZÆeÅGeva wbGq `j MVb KiGZ nq| mvgvwRK ebvqGb AskMÉnYKvix
mÁ·GKÆ RvbvGZ nq| RbMGYi ˆfvGMi AwaKvi wbwøZ KiGZ PzwÚbvgv Kiv nq|
Zviv eb Awa`µ¦Gii mvG^ ˆhŒ^ KgÆcwiK͸bv ŠZwi KGi|
PzwÚ Kiv: KLb, ˆK, KZ jfÅvsk wbGe, cÉK͸ ˆgqv` BZÅvw` Mevw`c÷i AvKÌgY ˆivGa DcKviGfvMx RbMY evMvb
welGq DcKviGfvMxG`i mvG^ cÉwZÓ¤vGbi PzwÚ KiGZ nq| iÞYvGeÞY I cwiPhÆv KGib| cÉwZ gvGm DcKviGfvMxiv
cÉRvwZ wbeÆvPb: ‰jvKvi Av^-Æ mvgvwRK I cwiGek DcGhvMx ‰Kevi `jxq mfvi AvGqvRb KGib ‰es eb ‰jvKv wbqwgZ
e†GÞi cÉRvwZ wbeÆvPb KiGZ nq| cwi`kÆb KGib| Zvbfxi wmwóKx Zvi ‰jvKvi cÉvq 200 Rb
ˆjvK wbGq 10wU `Gj wefÚ nGq ivÕ¦vi `yB avGi wk÷,
Rwg cÉÕ§ZKiY: e†GÞi Pviv ˆivcGYi Õ©vb cwiÓ•vi-cwiœQ®² ˆgnMwb, ˆ`e`vi‚, Zvj, Avg BZÅvw` e†Þ ˆivcY KGib| wZwb
KGi MZÆ KGi mvi w`Gq 15 w`b ivLGZ nq| Zvi `jàGjv wbGq wbqwgZ eb cwi`kÆb I chÆGeÞY KGib|
ZvG`i MGo ˆZvjv mvgvwRK eGbi e†ÞàGjvi bv±`wbK ˆmŒ±`hÆ
Pviv ˆivcY I cwiPhÆv: h^vh^ wbqGg e†GÞi Pviv ˆivcY Kiv mevBGK AvKlÆY KGi| Zvi ‰B gnr DG`ÅvGMi Õ¼xK‡wZÕ¼i…c
I h^vh^ cwiPhÆv ˆhgb- cvwb ˆmP, LyuwU evav, AvMvQv wZwb MYcÉRvZ¯x¨ evsjvG`k miKvGii cÞ ˆ^GK cyiÓ•‡ZI
cwiÓ•vi, ˆivM-evjvB `gb mwVKfvGe KiGZ nq| nb|
DcwiDÚ avcàGjv h^vh^fvGe cwiPvjbvi gvaÅGg mvgvwRK AZ‰e ejv hvq, ebgvjxi M†nxZ c`GÞcàGjv mvgvwRK
ebvqb KvhKÆ Ìg mdj Kiv hvq| ebvqGbi A¯¦MÆZ| A
cÉk² 8 ebgvjx ebwefvGMi wcqb| ZvB ˆm ˆ`Gki ebR N ebgvjxi Kiv e†Þ ˆivcGYi mvgvwRK ài‚Z½ Acwimxg|
gvbyGli Av^-Æ mvgvwRK D®²qb ‰es cwiGeGki fvimvgÅ I
mÁ·G`i ài‚Z½ mÁ·GKÆ RvGb| Avevi ‰I RvGb ˆh, e†Þ Rxe‹ewPòÅ iÞvq ebvqGbi ˆKvGbv weK͸ ˆbB|
eb wewf®² iKg dj Drcv`b KGi Lv`Å I cywÓ¡ Pvwn`v cƒiY
ˆivcGYi ˆPGq jvfRbK I cyGYÅi KvR Avi ˆbB| ZvB ˆm KGi| MvGQi jZvcvZv, KvV BZÅvw` R¾vjvwbi Pvwn`v ˆgUvq,
MÉvgxY RbmvaviGYi KgÆmsÕ©vb I A^-Æ DcvRÆGbi myGhvM m†wÓ¡
PvKwi ˆ^GK Aemi ˆbIqvi ci Zvi evwoi cvGki ˆijjvBb KGi| wkG͸vrcv`Gbi RbÅ KuvPvgvGji mieivn KGi| Abvevw`
I cwZZ Rwg PvGli AvIZvq AvGb| RwgGZ ŠRemvi I ŠRe
‰es moKcG^i `yB avi w`Gq wewf®² e†ÞGivcY KgÆmƒwP MÉnY c`vG^Æi cwigvY wbq¯¨Y KGi| ˆflR Dw«¿G`i cwigvY e†w«¬
Kivmn mvgwMÉKfvGe cÉvK‡wZK fvimvgÅ iÞv I D®²qb mvab
KGi| ‰ eQi ZvGK miKvwifvGe e†Þ ˆivcGYi RbÅ cyiÕ•‡Z Kiv KGi|
nq| A wkLbdj-3
K. eb Kx? 1
L. ebRmÁ·` ejGZ Kx ˆevSvq? 2
M. ebgvjxi e†Þ ˆivcY KgÆmƒwP ˆKvb aiGbi ebvqGbi
A¯¦MÆZ? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3
N. DóxcGK DwÍÏwLZ ebgvjxi e†Þ ˆivcGYi mvgvwRK
ài‚Z½ ZzGj aGiv| 4
8 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
K e†nr AvKw‡ Zi e†ÞivwR «¼viv AvœQvw`Z weÕ¦‡Z ‰jvKv
ˆhLvGb cÉvK‡wZKfvGe ebÅ c÷cvwL, KxUcZã I AbÅvbÅ Rxe
emevm KiGZ cvGi ZvB nGjv eb|
ebvqb 7
cÉvK‡wZK `yGhÆvM I f„wgÞq ˆivGa e†Þ ˆivcY Acwinvh|Æ f„wgi hvq| mgw®¼Z K‡wleb grmÅ Pvl ˆLviGcvGli Lvgvi wnGmGe
h^vh^ eÅenvi wbwøZ KGi cwiGek `ƒlY I gi‚KiY cÉwKÌqv weGewPZ nq| ‰GÞGò gvQ I c÷cvwLi RbÅ DuPz I wbPz Rwgi
ˆ^GK ˆ`kGK iÞv KiGZ e†Þ ˆivcGYi cÉGqvRbxqZv mg®¼Gq Lvgvi Õ©vcb Kiv nq|
Acwinvh|Æ
AvgvG`i AGMvPGi eb cÉwZwbqZ AvgvG`i DcKvi KGi PGj| wgΟb miKvi fviGZ NyiGZ wMGq, DwÍÏwLZ wewf®² aiGbi
Š`bw±`b Pvwn`v cƒiGY Avgiv ˆh nvGi e†Þ wbab KGi PGjwQ K‡wleGbi ŠewkÓ¡Å mÁ·GKÆ RvbGZ ˆcGiwQj|
ZvGZ A`ƒi fwelÅGZ ‰i wei…c cÉfve AvgvG`i ˆfvM KiGZ
nGe| ‰ ˆ^GK gywÚ ˆcGZ I Av^Æ-mvgvwRK D®²qGb ebgvjxi N wgΟb miKvi fviGZi wewf®² aiGbi K‡wleb ˆ`GL gy™¬
Kiv e†ÞGivcGYi ài‚Z½ Acwimxg| nq ‰es ˆ`Gk wdGi wbR emZevwoGZ ebvqb Kivi wm«¬v¯¦
ˆbq|
cÉk² 9 wgΟb miKvGii PvPv fviGZi KjKvZvq
emZevwoGZ ebvqGbi gvaÅGg ˆh eb ŠZwi Kiv nq ZvGK emZ
emevmKvix ‰KRb mÁÀv¯¦ K‡lK| ˆmLvGb ˆeovGZ wMGq MvGQi eb eGj| cÉavbZ cvwievwiK cÉGqvRb ˆgUvGbvi DGóGkÅ
emZevwoi AvGkcvGk ռ͸ cwimGi MvQ jvMvGbvi gvaÅGg ‰
cÉvRvwZ I ebvqGbi DGóGkÅi wfwîGZ wewf®² cÉKvGii K‡wl eb ŠZwi Kiv nq| ‰ eGb cÉavbZ djR e†Þ ˆivcY Kiv nq|
ˆhgb Avg, KuvVvj, wjPz, bvwiGKj, ˆcqviv, Kjv, ˆje,y
eGbi ŠewkÓ¡Å mÁ·GKÆ ˆRGb ˆm gy™¬ nGjv| ˆm ˆ`Gk ‰Gm mycvwi, Zvj BZÅvw`| ‰QvovI ‰ eGb wKQy KvÓ¤j e†Þ, mewR
Drcv`bKvwi MvQ, ˆflR, ˆkvfveaÆbKvwi e†ÞI jvMvGbv hvq|
K‡wl KgÆKZvÆ G`i gvaÅGg K‡wl eb QvovI AbÅvbÅ mvgvwRK eb
emZ eb Õ©vcGbi gvaÅGg cwievGii m`mÅG`i dj I mewRi
mÁ·GKÆ RvbGZ cviGjv ‰es wbR emZevwoGZ ebvqGbi Pvwn`v cƒiY nq| evsjvG`Gki MÉvgxY R¾vjvwb KvGVi 85%
AvGm emZ eb ˆ^GKB| ‰B eGbi e†GÞi cvZv (KuvVvj cvZv)
wm«¬v¯¦ MÉnY KiGjv| wkLbdj-3 c÷Lv`Å wnGmGe eÅen†Z nq ‰es KvÓ¤j MvQ ˆ^GK cvwievwiK
Avmevecò ŠZwii KvVI cvIqv hvq| ‰Qvov cÉGqvRGbi mgq
K. cwÉ‚ bs Kx? 1 KvÓ¤j e†Þ I Drc®² djgƒj, mewR wewKÌ KGi AG^Æi eÅeÕ©v
Kiv hvq| emZ evwoGZ ebvqb KiGj wewf®² cÉvK‡wZK `ƒGhÆvGM
L. eGbi mvgwMÉK ŠewkÓ¡ÅMZ cwiGeGki Dcv`vbàGjv (So, ebÅv) ÞqÞwZ Kg nq ‰es evwoi cwiGekI my±`i I
wbgÆj ^vGK|
Kx Kx? 2
M. fviGZ ˆ`Lv eGbi ˆh ŠewkÓ¡Åmgƒn wgΟb miKvi
RvbGZ cviGjv Zv eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3
N. wgΟb miKvi ˆh aiGbi ebvqb Kivi wm«¬v¯¦ wbj
Zvi ài‚Z½ weGkÏlY KGiv| 4
9 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
K wbw`ÆÓ¡ DGóGkÅ ˆKvGbv MvGQi AcÉGqvRbxq MvQcvjv KZÆb myZivs AvGjvPbvK‡Z myweavmgnƒ chÆvGjvPbv KGi ejv hvq,
KivB nGjv cÉ‚wbs| cvwievwiK Pvwn`v cƒiGYi cvkvcvwk Avw^ÆK ˆhvMvb ˆcGZ
wgΟb miKvGii M†nxZ wm«¬v¯¦wUi ài‚Z½ AGbK|
L eb ‰KwU cÉvK‡wZK Õ©vcbv ˆhLvGb Dw«¿`, cÉvYx, AYyRxe
cviÕ·wiKfvGe mnveÕ©vb KGi| cÉk² 10 Avwmd mÅvi KÑvGmi QvòQvòxG`iGK wbR wbR
eGbi mvgwMÉK ŠewkÓ¡ÅMZ cwiGeGki Dcv`vbàGjv nGjv e†nr ‰jvKvq moGKi avGi ebvqGbi RbÅ ‰KwU KGi gGWj ŠZwi
e†Þ, gaÅgvKvi MvQ, cvZv-àÍÂ, Z‡Yeb, Rjvkq ev cÉevngvb
cvwbi RjR cÉvYx, g†wîKv cÉvYx, AbyRxe, ˆeG¯©vm, DfPi KiGZ ejGjb| Aqb Zvi evwoi cvGki mi‚ ivÕ¦vwUGZ
cÉvYx, cvwL, KxUcZã I ebÅ cvÉ Yx|
ebvqGbi gGWj ŠZwi Kij Avevi AbyG`i evwo ‰KwU cÉkÕ¦
M wgΟb miKvi fviGZ MvGQi cÉRvwZ I ebvqGbi DGóGkÅi euvGai cvGk| B wkLbdj-3
wfwîGZ wewf®² cÉKvGii K‡wl eGbi ŠewkÓ¡Å mÁ·GKÆ RvbGZ
cviGjv| K. wPimeyR eb Kx? 1
L. K‡wl I e†Þ ˆgjvi eÅeÕ©vcbv Dcv`vbàGjv ˆjGLv|2
wgΟb miKvi cÉavbZ wZb aiGbi K‡wl eb jÞ KGiwQGjv| M. AqGbi ŠZwiK‡Z ebvqGbi gGWjwU eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3
ˆhgb dmj K‡wleb, K‡wl Z‡Yeb I mgw®¼Z grmÅ Pvl K‡wl N. ebvqGbi RbÅ Abyi gGWjwU Kxi…c nGZ cvGi Zv
eb| dmj K‡wl eGbi cÉavb DGókÅ Lv`Å Drcv`b Kiv| ռ͸
LiGP ‰ Drcv`b Kiv hvq| Õ©vbGfG` wf®² MvQ I wPòmn weGkÏlY KGiv| 4
Av¯¦tdmGji mg®¼Gq ‰ eb MwVZ nq| ‰i gvaÅGg emZ eGbi
Pvl Kiv hvq| K‡wl Z‡Yeb nGjv dmGji ˆWviv Pvl, gvGS gvGS 10 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
ebR MvQ Drcv`b Kiv hvq| ‰GZ ˆewk Rwgi cÉGqvRb nq,
evqyGivax MvQ jvMvGbv hvq| ‰ eGbi gvaÅGg wgkÉ Lvgvi Kiv K ˆh eGbi MvGQi cvZv ‰KmvG^ SGi bv ZvB wPimeyR eb|
nGq ^vGK hvi dGj R¾vjvwb KvV I c÷Lv`Å Drcv`b Kiv
L K‡wl ˆgjvq D®Z² RvGZi K‡wl cYÅ I K‡wlGZ eÅen†Z
AvaywbK cÉhywÚ BZÅvw` ^vGK| e†Þ ˆgjvq ÷ay D®Z² RvGZi e†Þ
cvIqv hvq| K‡wl I e†ÞGgjvi eÅeÕ©vcbv Dcv`vbmgƒn
wbÁ²i…c@
8 cvGéix m†Rbkxj K‡wlwkÞv w«¼Zxq cò ‰Kv`k-«¼v`k ˆkÉwY
i. bKkv AbymvGi Õ¡j eivóKiY, PzwÚ mÁ·v`b I cÉwZwU cÉk² 11 gvbe mfÅZv weKvGk eb ‰K Myi‚Z½cYƒ Æ f„wgKv cvjb
Õ¡Gj eÅvLÅvKvix ivLv| KGi AvmGQ| eb cÉvK‡wZK fvimvgÅ iÞv KGi gvwUi ÞqGiva
ii. Õ¡Gji KvhÆKÌGgi wfwîGZ cyiÕ•vGii AvGqvRb, AvGjvPbv KGi| f„MfÆÕ© cvwbi gRy` e†w«¬ KGi| MvRxcyGii Bgi‚j
AbyÓ¤vb mÁ·v`b|
KvGqm cwiGek msiÞGY eGbi f„wgKv I f„wgi mGeÆvîg
iii. ˆgjvi ˆMU I wbivcîv wbq¯¨Y|
iv. ‰KwU Z^Å ˆmj, Õ¼vÕ©ÅGK±`Ê I Pv cvGbi c†^K Õ¡j eÅenvi wbwøZKiGYi jGÞÅ Õ©vbxq RbMYGK wbGq mvgvwRK
ivLv| ebvqGbi AvG±`vjb MGo ˆZvGjb ‰es wZwb eGjb MvQ jvMvb
cwiGek euvPvb| B wkLbdj-3
K. eb KvGK eGj? 1
M Aqb Zvi evwoi cvGki mi‚ ivÕ¦vq ebvqGbi RbÅ ‰Kmvwi L. mvgvwRK ebvqGbi 2wU DGókÅ eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2
gGWj ŠZwi Kij| M. DwÍÏwLZ ebvqGbi ˆÞòmgƒn AvGjvPbv KGiv| 3
‰K mvwi bKkv Abyhvqx ivÕ¦vi ‰KcvGk wbPz Rwg ev b`x-bvjv N. Bgi‚j KvGqGmi K^vwUi h^v^ÆZv weGkÏlY KGiv| 4
^vKGj ˆm cvGkB Nb KGi ‰K mvwiGZ MvQ jvMvGbv nq|
11 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
AbÅcvGkI ‰ mvwiGZ MvQ jvMvGbv nq, ‰gbwK my`†kÅ MvQ I K e†nr AvK‡wZi e†ÞivwR «¼viv AvœQvw`Z weÕ¦‡Z ‰jvKv,
dj MvQI jvMvGbv nq| ˆhLvGb cÉvK‡wZKfvGe ebÅ c÷cvwL, KxUcZã I AbÅvbÅ Rxe
emevm KiGZ cvGi ZvGK eb ejv nq|
AqGbi Kiv bKkv Abyhvqx@
i. moGKi wKbviv ˆ^GK 30 ˆmwg wbGP AonGii exR ecb L mvgvwRK ebvqGbi 2wU DGókÅ nGjv
1. f„wgi mGevÆ îg eÅenvi Kiv : K‡wl KvGRi AbycGhvMx
Kiv nGe|
ii. AonGii mvwii 30 ˆmwg wbGP MvGQi mvwiGZ 2 wgUvi cwZZ I AeÅen†Z f„wg ˆhgb moK, msGhvM moK, euva I
ˆij jvBGbi avGi, Awdm-Av`jGZi AvwObv, cÉwZÓ¤vGb,
A¯¦i A¯¦i MvQ jvMvGbv nGe| emZevwoi AvGkcvGk BZÅvw` RvqMvq mvgvwRK ebvqGbi
iii. MvGQi mvwii 30 ˆmwg wbGP Šaçvi exR ecb Kiv nGe| gvaÅGg f„wgi mGevÆ îg eÅenvi wbwøZ Kiv ‰es Drcv`b
evsjvG`Gk mvaviYZ mi‚ moK I euvGa MvQ ˆivcGYi RbÅ e†w«¬ Kiv|
2. KgÆmsÕ©vb m†wÓ¡ Kiv : ebvqGbi AvIZvq wewf®² KvR
AqGbi ŠZwiK‡Z ‰Kmvwi gGWjwU AejÁ¼b Kiv nq|
ˆhgb- evMvb iÞYvGeÞY, evMvb m†Rb BZÅvw`i gvaÅGg
N Abyi cÉ`î gGWjwU w«-¼ mvwi bKkv Abyhvqx nGe| wewf®² chÆvGq eÅvcK msLÅK ˆjvGKi KgÆmsÕ©vGbi m†wÓ¡
cÉkÕ¦ euvGa ebvqGbi ˆÞGò w«-¼ mvwi bKkv AejÁ¼b Kiv Dîg| Kiv|
wbGÁ² ‰ bKkvi wPò ˆ`Iqv nGjv M DóxcGK Bgi‚j KvGqm Õ©vbxq RbMYGK mvG^ wbGq
30 ˆm.wg. ivÕ¦vi ˆkl mxgv mvgvwRK ebvqb AvG±`vjb MGo ˆZvGjb|
AonGii mvwi cÉvK‡wZK eb eÅwZGiGK ebR mÁ·G`i Drcv`b e†w«¬i jGÞÅ,
30
1.5-2.5 MvGQi cÉ^g mvwi RbmvaviGYi cÉZÅÞ AskMÉnGYi gvaÅGg emZevwoi, ivÕ¦v,
MvGQi w«¼Zxq mvwi
30 aBçv/evejvi mvwi euva, Lvm I cÉvwZÓ¤vwbK RwgGZ Õ©vwcZ ebB nGjv mvgvwRK
eb| mvgvwRK ebvqGbi wewf®² ˆÞò iGqGQ| moK-euva I
wPò: w«-¼ mvwi bKkv
ˆij jvBGbi avGi ‰K mvwi ev w«-¼ mvwi KGi ebvqb Kiv nq|
‰ bKkv Abyhvqx euvGai wKbviv ˆ^GK 30 ˆmwg `ƒGi Nb KGi Avevi, b`x, LvGji cvo I euvGai cvGk ebvqb Kiv nq|
AonGii exR ecb Kiv nq| Aoni mvwii 180 ˆmwg `ƒGi emZevwoi AvwObvq I AvGkcvGk cwZZ RwgGZ mvgvwRK
my`†kÅ MvQ jvMvGbv nq| my`†kÅ MvGQi mvwiGZ MvQ ˆ^GK ebvqb Kivi gvaÅGg cwZZ I Abvev`x Rwgi eÅenvi ˆhgb
MvGQi `ƒiZ½ 2 wgUvi nq| my`†kÅ MvGQi mvwi ˆ^GK 180 ˆmwg
`ƒGi KvGVi MvQ ˆivcY Kiv nq| KvGVi MvGQi mvwiGZ MvQ wbwøZ nq| ˆZgwb gvbyGli ˆgŒwjK Pvwn`vàGjvI cƒiY nq|
‰QvovI wkÞv cÉwZÓ¤vb, KÑve, gmwR`, gw±`i msj™² RwgGZ
mvgvwRK ebvqb KgmÆ ƒwP cvjb Kiv hvq|
ˆ^GK MvGQi `ƒiZ½ nGe 6 wgUvi| KvGVi MvGQi mvwii 30 DcwiwÍÏwLZ ˆÞòmgƒGn mvgvwRK ebvqGbi gvaÅGg ebR
ˆmwg `ƒGi Nb KGi Šaçvi exR ˆevbv nq| mÁ·G`i NvUwZ cƒiY I cwiGek msiÞGY f„wgKv ivLv mÁ¿e|
‰ aiGbi ebvqb ˆ^GK ˆhgb Avw^ÆKfvGe jvfevb nIqv hvq N MvRxcyGii Bgi‚j KvGqm cwiGek msiÞGY eGbi f„wgKv
ˆZgwb ebÅvi mgq ‰ aiGbi ebvqb c÷cvwLi LvG`Åi I I f„wgi mGevÆ îg eÅenvi wbwøZKiGYi jGÞÅ Õ©vbxq
AvkÉqÕ©Gji ˆhvMvbI ˆ`q| ZvB cÉkÕ¦ euvGai cvGk ebvqGbi RbMYGK wbGq mvgvwRK ebvqGbi AvG±`vjb MGo ˆZvGjb|
RbÅ Abyi w«-¼ mvwi gGWjwUB h^v^Æ| wZwb ZvG`iGK ‘MvQ jvMvb cwiGek euvPvb’ eGj DrmvwnZ
KGib|
ebvqb 9
ˆKvGbv ‰jvKvi e†wÓ¡cvZ, Zvcgvòv, ebÅv, Liv, RGjvœQ¾vm L ˆh ebvqGb RbMGYi cÉZÅÞ AskMÉnY bvB ZvB cÉPwjZ
BZÅvw` ebvçj «¼viv eÅvcKfvGe cÉfvweZ nq| ZvB mKj ebvqb| Aciw`GK, mgvGRi wewf®² ˆkÉwYi RbMGYi cÉZÅÞ
‰jvKvq cwiGeGki cÉvK‡wZK fvimvgÅ iÞvi RbÅ 25% AskMÉnGY RbMY «¼viv cwiPvwjZ I RbMGYi KjÅvGY ˆh
ebf„wg ^vKv cÉGqvRb| wK¯§ AvgvG`i ˆ`Gk miKvwi wnGmGe ebvqb KgÆmƒPx cwiPvwjZ nq Zv nGjv mvgvwRK ebvqb|
cÉK‡Z ebf„wgi cwigvY 17% ‰es ˆemiKvwifvGe cÉK‡Z
ebf„wgi cwigvY 10% ‰i Kg| cÉPwjZ ebvqb wbw`ÆÓ¡ ‰jvKvq Kiv nq| ˆhgb- cveÆZÅ
PëMÉvGg ˆmàb eb, ivDRvGb ivevi eb m†wÓ¡ Kiv nGqGQ| ‰i…c
eZÆgvGb Rjevqy cwieZÆGbi ˆcÉÞvcGU wek¼GK emevGmi eGb RbmvaviGYi cÉZÅÞ AskMÉnY ˆbB| mvgvwRK ebvqb nq
DcGhvMx ivLvi I Rxe‹ewPòÅ iÞvi RbÅ ˆewk KGi MvQ emZevwo, Õ•zj-KGjGR ev Abyi…c cÉwZÓ¤vb, moK-euvGai
jvMvGbvi ˆKvGbv weK͸ ˆbB| MvQ cÉGÕ¼`Gbi nvi evwoGq cvGk¼Æ, cwZZ Rwg BZÅvw` Õ©vGb hvi ˆbZG‡ Z½ ^vGK ‰jvKvi
cwiGek wbgÆj ivGL| evqygíGji Rjxq evGÓ·i cwigvY RbMY ev eÅwÚ| A^Ævr, ‰ aiGbi ebvqGb RbMGYi cÉZÅÞ
evwoGq AvenvIqvi Pigfvevc®²Zv nËvm KGi| evqygíGji AskMÉnY ^vGK| cÉPwjZ ebvqGb m†Ó¡ ebR mÁ·` ^vGK
AwZwiÚ KveÆb WvB AÝvBW ˆkvlY KGi RxeKG„ ji ˆeuGP miKvGii| mvgvwRK ebvqGb m†Ó¡ ebR mÁ·G`i AwaKvskB
^vKvi RbÅ cÉGqvRbxq AwÝGRb mieivn KGi| wkKGoi ^vGK eÅwÚ ev mswkÏÓ¡ DcKviGfvMxG`i|
mvnvGhÅ avZe KYvGK aviY KGi cvwb `ƒlY ˆiva KGi| Šewk¼K
Dúvqb ev wMÉb nvDm cÉwZwKÌqv ˆivGa f„wgKv ivGL ‰es ebR M AvKivg mvGne mvgvwRK ebvqGbi jGÞÅ cÉ^GgB ebvqb
Dw«¿` f„wgi AvœQv`b wnGmGe KvR KGi ‰es f„wgÞq ˆiva mswkÓÏ ¡ ‰jvKvi KGqKRb AskMÉnYKvix kbvÚ KGib| ‰B
KGi| ebvçj, evqy cÉevGni MwZGiva KGi cwiGeGki wechÆq ˆjvKRb nGjv DcKviGfvMx|
Kgvq| ebvçj SoSêv I RGjvœQ¾vmRwbZ ÞqÞwZ nËvm
KGi| ebÅ RxeR¯§, cvwL I KxUcZãGK AvkÉq ˆ`q ‰es Rwg mswkÓÏ ¡ ‰jvKvi K‡lK, `ytÕ© gwnjv, weînxb gwnjv Z^v
Lv`Å ˆhvMvq| MÉvGgi `wi`Ë gvbyGli gaÅ ˆ^GK ˆjvK wbeÆvPb KGib| DÚ
ˆjvKRGbi gGaÅ wbÁ²i…c àYvewj wZwb chÆGeÞY I hvPvB-
hZGewk MvQ jvMvGbv nGe, cwiGek ZZGewk mg†«¬ nGe| evPvB KGiGQb|
cwiGeGk emevmiZ cÉwZwU cÉvYx cÉZÅÞfvGe DcK‡Z nGe| 1. AskMÉnYKvix ˆjvKRGbi `je«¬ nGq KvR Kivi
ZvB ˆewk KGi MvQ jvMvb cwiGek euvPvb DwÚwU mÁ·ƒYÆ
hywÚhÚy | gvbwmKZv AvGQ|
2. kbvÚK‡Z ˆjvKRb `vwqZ½Geva mÁ·®²|
cÉk² 12 AvKivg mvGne evsjvG`Gki eGi±`Ê ‰jvKvi ‰KRb 3. mvgvwRK ebvqGbi cwiK͸bv cÉYqb I AskMÉnGY AvMÉn
evwm±`v| “ˆewk KGi MvQ jvMvb cwiGek euvPvb” ˆjLv ‰KwU ev mw`œQv AvGQ|
4. AskMÉnYKvix ˆjvKRGbi gGaÅ mnbkxjZv I
ˆcvÕ¡vi ‰Kw`b Zvi `†wÓ¡ AvKlÆY KGi| wZwb ‰jvKvi eb
MÉnYGhvMÅZvi àYvewj AvGQ|
KgÆKZvÆ i mvG^ ˆ`Lv KGi AvgvG`i ˆ`Gki eGbi AeÕ©v
N AvKivg mvGnGei ˆ`Lv ˆcvÕ¡iwUGZ ˆjLv wQj, ‘MvQ
RvbGZ cvGib| ZvB wZwb gGb KGib, eb e†w«¬ RbÅ mvgvwRK jvMvb cwiGek euvPvb’|
ˆKvGbv ‰jvKvi e†wÓ¡cvZ, Zvcgvòv, ebÅv, Liv, RGjvœQ¾vm
ebvqGbi weK͸ ˆbB| ZvB wZwb ‰ KvGR cÉ^GgB KGqKRb BZÅvw` ebvçj «¼viv eÅvcKfvGe cÉfvweZ nq| ZvB mKj
‰jvKvq cwiGeGki cÉvK‡wZK fvimvgÅ iÞvi RbÅ 25%
AskMÉnYKvix kbvÚ KGib, ‰KwU ‰jvKvi Rwgi Z^Å msMÉn ebf„wg ^vKv cÉGqvRb| wK¯§ AvgvG`i ˆ`Gk miKvwi wnGmGe
cÉK‡Z ebf„wgi cwigvY 17% ‰es ˆemiKvwifvGe cÉK‡Z
KGib ‰es ˆm Abyhvqx e†GÞi cÉRvwZ wbeÆvPb KGib| ‰fvGe ebf„wgi cwigvY 10% ‰i Kg|
eZÆgvGb Rjevqy cwieZÆGbi ˆcÉÞvcGU wek¼GK emevGmi
Zvi KvhKÆ Ìg ‰wMGq PGj| ‰K mgq Zvi mvgvwRK ebvqb DcGhvMx ivLvi I Rxe‹ewPòÅ iÞvi RbÅ ˆewk KGi MvQ
jvMvGbvi ˆKvGbv weK͸ ˆbB| MvQ cÉGÕ¼`Gbi nvi evwoGq
KgÆmƒwP mdj nq| A wkLbdj-3 cwiGek wbgÆj ivGL| evqygíGji Rjxq evGÓ·i cwigvY evwoGq
AvenvIqvi Pigfvevc®²Zv nËvm KGi| evqygíGji AwZwiÚ
K. mvgvwRK ebvqGb cÉavb DcKviGfvMx Kviv? 1 KveÆb WvB AÝvBW ˆkvlY KGi RxeK„Gji ˆeuGP ^vKvi RbÅ
cÉGqvRbxq AwÝGRb mieivn KGi| wkKGoi mvnvGhÅ avZe
L. cÉPwjZ ebvqb I mvgvwRK ebvqGbi gGaÅ cv^ÆKÅ KYvGK aviY KGi cvwb `ƒlY ˆiva KGi| Šewk¼K Dúvqb ev
wMÉb nvDm cÉwZwKÌqv ˆivGa f„wgKv ivGL ‰es ebR Dw«¿` f„wgi
eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2 AvœQv`b wnGmGe KvR KGi ‰es f„wgÞq ˆiva KGi| ebvçj,
M. AvKivg mvGne mvgvwRK ebvqb KgÆmƒwPGZ cÉ^Gg ˆh
KvRwU KGiwQGjb ZvGK Kx eGj? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3
N. mvgvwRK ebvqb msKÌv¯¦ AvKivg mvGnGei ˆ`Lv
ˆcvÕ¡viwUi h^v^ÆZv gƒjÅvqb KGiv| 4
12 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
K mvgvwRK ebvqGbi cÉavb DcKviGfvMx nGjv ebvqb
mswkÓÏ ¡ ‰jvKvi K‡lK, `ytÕ© gwnjv, weînxb gwnjv Z^v
MÉvGgi `wi`Ë RbMY|
10 cvGéix m†Rbkxj K‡wlwkÞv w«¼Zxq cò ‰Kv`k-«¼v`k ˆkÉwY
evqy cÉevGni MwZGiva KGi cwiGeGki wechÆq Kgvq| ebvçj cÉwkÞY ˆ`qv: DcKviGfvMxG`i KvwiMwi ævGbi I e†Þ cwiPhÆvi
SoSêv I RGjvœQ¾vmRwbZ ÞqÞwZ nËvm KGi| ebÅ RxeR¯§, Ici cÉwkÞY wbGZ nq| ZvG`i `vwqZ½ I KZÆeÅGeva mÁ·GKÆ
cvwL I KxUcZãGK AvkÉq ˆ`q ‰es Lv`Å ˆhvMvq| RvbvGZ nq|
PzwÚ Kiv: KLb, ˆK, KZ jfÅvsk wbGe, cÉK͸ ˆgqv` BZÅvw`
hZGewk MvQ jvMvGbv nGe, cwiGek ZZGewk mg†«¬ nGe| welGq DcKviGfvMxG`i mvG^ cÉwZÓ¤vGbi PzwÚ KiGZ nq|
cwiGeGk emevmiZ cÉwZwU cÉvYx cÉZÅÞfvGe DcK‡Z nGe| cÉRvwZ wbeÆvPb: ‰jvKvi Av^-Æ mvgvwRK I cwiGek DcGhvMx
ZvB ˆewk KGi MvQ jvMvb cwiGek euvPvb ˆcvÕ¡viwU h^v^Æ| e†GÞi cÉRvwZ wbeÆvPb KiGZ nq|
Rwg cÉÕ§ZKiY: e†GÞi Pviv ˆivcGYi Õ©vb cwiÓ•vi-cwiœQ®²
cÉk² 13 Rbve ˆLvKGbi evwo KzwoMÉvGg| ebvqb KvhKÆ ÌGg KGi MZÆ KGi mvi w`Gq 15 w`b ivLGZ nq|
Pviv ˆivcY I cwiPhÆv: h^vh^ wbqGg e†GÞi Pviv ˆivcY Kiv
D«¼y«¬ nGq wZwb MÉvGgi wKQy ˆjvGKi mnGhvwMZvq Aò ‰jvKvi I h^vh^ cwiPhÆv ˆhgb- cvwb ˆmP, LyuwU evav, AvMvQv
cwiÓ•vi, ˆivM-evjvB `gb mwVKfvGe KiGZ nq|
ivÕ¦vi `yavGi KvÓ¤j Dw«¿G`i Pviv jvMvGjb| mwVK cwiPhÆvq
DcwiDÚ avcàGjv h^vh^fvGe cwiPvjbvi gvaÅGg mvgvwRK
MvQàGjv my±`ifvGe ˆeGo DGV| ˆLvKb mvGnGei DG`ÅvMwU ebvqb KvhÆKÌg mdj Kiv hvq|
‰K chÆvGq RvZxq Š`wbGK cÉKvwkZ nGq miKvGii bRGi N ˆLvKb mvGne Zvi ‰jvKvq mvgvwRK ebvqb KGiwQGjb|
ˆ`Gki Av^-Æ mvgvwRK D®q² b, cÉvK‡wZK cwiGeGki fvimvgÅ
AvGm ‰es ˆRjv chÆvGq wZwb ˆkÉÓ¤ e†Þ ˆivcGYi cyiÕ•vi iÞvq I Rxe‹ewPòÅ msiÞGY mvgvwRK ebvqGbi Ae`vb
Acwimxg| mvgvwRK ebvqGbi gvaÅGg RbmvaviGYi ˆgŒwjK
cvb| A wkLbdj-3 I 4 Pvwn`v cƒiY nq| cvkvcvwk cwiGek `ƒlY, gi‚weÕ¦vi I f„wgÞq
ˆivGai gvaÅGg cÉvK‡wZK fvimvgÅ iÞv nq|
K. e†GÞi ˆWÈwms Kx? 1 mvgvwRK ebvqb KgÆmƒwPi AvIZvq evMvb ŠZwi, cvnviv ˆ`Iqv,
iÞYvGeÞY, Avmevecò ŠZwi, weKÌq, bvmÆvwi Õ©vcb BZÅvw`i
L. mvgvwRK ebvqb ˆKb Ri‚wi? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2 gvaÅGg wecyj msLÅK ˆjvGKi KgÆmsÕ©vb nGqGQ| ˆ`Gk ebR
mÁ·G`i cwigvY ˆeGoGQ eüàGY| K‡wl KvGRi AbycGhvMx
M. ˆLvKb mvGnGei ebvqb KvhKÆ ÌGgi avcàGjv eÅvLÅv cwZZ I AeÅen†Z f„wgGZ mvgvwRK ebvqb Kiv nq eGj f„wgi
mGeÆvîg eÅenvi wbwøZ nq| ZvQvov f„wgi DeÆiZv I Drcv`b
KGiv| 3 ÞgZv e†w«¬ cvq ‰es f„wgÞq ˆiva nq ev wbq¯¨GY ^vGK|
mvgvwRK eb ‰jvKvi cwiGekGK Vv´£v, wbgÆj I `ƒlYgyÚ ivGL|
N. e†ÞGivcY msKÌv¯¦ ˆRjv chÆvGq cyiÕ•vi cÉvµ¦ ˆLvKb ‰gbwK AvGkcvGki AçjGK wewf®² cÉvK‡wZK `yGhvÆ M ˆhgb-
Liv, NƒwYÆSo, RGjvœQ¾vm ˆ^GK iÞv KGi| ‰Qvov e†Þ gi‚gqZv
mvGnGei DG`ÅvMwU gƒjÅvqb KGiv| 4 ˆiva KGi, evZvGm KveÆb WvB-AÝvBGWi cwigvY Kgvq I
AwÝGRGbi cwigvY e†w«¬ KGi| eb cÉvYx Lv`Åk†›Lj iÞv KGi|
13 bs cÉGk²i Dîi wewf®² cÉRvwZi Dw«`¿ , c÷cvwL, KxUcZã, AYyRxe cviÕ·wiK
wKÌqv-wewKÌqvi gvaÅGg Rxe‹ewPòÅ MwZgq ivGL| dGj cÉvK‡wZK
K e†GÞi ˆKvGbv Ask AvNvZcÉvµ¦ nGj ÞZÕ©vGbi QòvKmn fvimvgÅ eRvq ^vGK I Rxe‹ewPòÅ msiÞY nq|
cPbkxj c`v^Æ AcmviY KGi RxevYy bvkK jvwMGq ˆ`IqvB
nGjv e†GÞi ÞZÕ©vb ˆWÈwms| DwÍÏwLZ AvGjvPbv ˆ^GK ejv hvq, mvgvwRK ebvqb KgÆKv´£
Rxe‹ewPòÅ iÞvq I ˆ`Gki A^Æ‹bwZK D®²qGb Myi‚Z½cƒYÆ Ae`vb
L ebR mÁ·G`i Drcv`b e†w«¬i jGÞÅ RbmvaviGYi cÉZÅÞ ivGL|
AskMÉnGYi gvaÅGg emZevwo, ivÕ¦v, euva, Lvm I cÉvwZÓ¤vwbK
RwgGZ Õ©vwcZ ebGK mvgvwRK eb eGj| cÉk² 14 AvjZvd mvGne Zvi ‰K ˆnÙi RwgGZ dmj
AvevG`i cvkvcvwk KvÓ¤j, djR I wKQy Ilywa MvQ jvMvGjb|
AbeiZ e†Þ wbaGbi dGj mvweÆKfvGe ˆ`Gki eGbi cwigvY ‰ DGóGkÅ wZwb Õ©vbxq bvmÆvwi ˆ^GK DchyÚ Pviv wbeÆvPb
KÌgvMZ nËvm cvGœQ| dGj cÉvK‡wZK fvimvgÅ bÓ¡ nGq cwiGek KGib| Zvi DGókÅ wQj ‰me dmj I e†Þ «¼viv jvfevb nIqv
`ƒlY, gi‚KiY I f„wgÞq nGœQ| evievi cÉvK‡wZK `ƒGhÆvM ‰es cwiGeGki fvimvgÅ iÞvq ˆ`keÅvcx AvGjvwPZ mvgvwRK
ebvqb AvG±`vjGbi mvG^ kwiK nIqv| B wkLbdj-3 I 4
AvNvZ nvbGQ| RbmvaviGYi ˆgŒwjK Pvwn`vàGjv ˆhgb dj,
KvV, R¾vjvwb, Ilay , AwÝGRb BZÅvw`i h^vh^ ˆhvMvb w`GZI
eGbi cwigvY evovGbv `iKvi| ZvB mvgvwRK ebvqb Kiv
Ri‚wi|
M ˆLvKb mvGne mvgvwRK ebvqb KvhKÆ Ìg MnÉ Y KGib|
mdjfvGe mvgvwRK ebvqb KvhÆKÌg evÕ¦evqGbi avcmgƒn wbGÁ²
AvGjvPbv Kiv nGjv @
Õ©vb wbeÆvPb: ebvqGbi RbÅ ‰gb Õ©vb wbeÆvPb KiGZ nq
ˆhLvGb evMvb ŠZwii DchyÚ RvqMv AvGQ| A^Ævr, ˆivcYK‡Z
Pvivi ˆKvGbv ÞwZ nGe bv I Õ©vbxq RbMGYi mg^Æb AvGQ|
DcKviGfvMx kbvÚ Kiv: DcKviGfvMx nGjv (i) f„wgnxb, (ii)
50 kZvsGki Kg f„wgi gvwjK, (iii) `ytÕ© gwnjv, (iv)
AbMÉmi ˆMvÓ¤x, (v) `wi`Ë dGiÕ¡ wfGjRvi, (vii) AÕ¼œQj
gywÚGhv«¬v A^ev ZvG`i AmœQj m¯¦vb|
ebvqb 11
K. K‡wl ˆgjv Kx? 1 K‡wl eb AvgvG`i RxeGbi eügyLx mgmÅvi mgvavGb ài‚Zc½ ƒYÆ
L. K‡wl eGbi ŠewkÓ¡Å eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2 f„wgKv ivGL| ‰ aiGbi ebvqGbi gvaÅGg M†nwbgÆvY I
M. AvjZvd mvGne Zvi RwgGZ ebvqGbi RbÅ ˆKvb AvmevecGòi RbÅ KvV ˆhvMvb I R¾vjvwb KvGVi NvUwZ cƒiY
aiGbi MvGQi cÉRvwZ wbeÆvPb KiGeb? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3 Kiv hvq| cÉvµ¦ KvV ‰es ‰ ˆ^GK ŠZwi wRwbmcò wewKÌ KGi
Avw^ÆKfvGe jvfevb nIqv hvq| cwZZ Rwg, emZ wfUvq ‰
N. AvjZvd mvGnGei m†Ó¡ eb A^ÆbxwZ I cwiGeGki aiGbi K‡wl eb m†RGbi dGj cwiGeGki msiÞY nq|
cÉvK‡wZK fvimvgÅ iÞv, cwiGek `ƒlY, gi‚weÕ¦vi I f„wgÞq
Ici Kxi…c cÉfve ivLGe eGj Zzwg gGb KGiv? - ˆivGa ‰ eb f„wgKv ivGL| `ƒlY gyÚ cwiGek m†wÓ¡ nIqvi dGj
ˆivMeÅvwai cÉGKvc KGg hvq| f„wgi DeÆiZv I Drcv`b ÞgZv
weGkÏlY KGiv| 4 e†w«¬ KGi| dGj AwaK Drcv`b nq hv AwaK jvGfi m†wÓ¡
KGi| ‰ aiGbi eGbi MvQ cÉGÕ¼`b nvi evwoGq e†wÓ¡cvZ
14 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
K K‡wl ˆgjv nGjv ‰gb ‰KwU ˆgjv ˆhLvGb K‡wlcYÅ cÉ`kÆb,
weKÌq ‰es K‡lGKi gvGS D®²Z cÉhywÚ nÕ¦v¯¦i Kiv nq|
L gvV dmj Drcv`Gbi Rwgi AvBGj ev A¯¦eZxÆÕ©vGb ‰es evovq| eb msj™² ‰jvKvi evqyg´£Gj RjxqevÓ· ^vGK eGj
PvicvGk dmGji ˆKvGbvi…c ÞwZ bv nq ‰gb me cÉRvwZi MvQ ˆmLvGb e†wÓ¡cvZ ˆewk nq| evqyg´£Gji AwZwiÚ KveÆb WvB
jvwMGq ˆh ebvqb Kiv nq ZvGK K‡wl eb eGj| AÝvBW ˆkvlY KGi I AwÝGRb mieivn KGi| ‰aiGbi
ebvqGbi cÉavb myweav nGjv K‡lGKi KgÆmsÕ©vb I Avq evGo
K‡wleGbi ŠewkÓ¡ÅàGjv wbÁ²i…c ‰es f„wgi mGeÆvîg eÅenvi wbwøZ nq|
i) cÉavb DGókŠռ͸ LiGP Lv`Å Drcv`b Kiv|
ii) dmGji ˆWviv Pvl, gvGS gvGS ebR MvQ Drcv`b Kiv| DcGii AvGjvPbv nGZ ˆ`Lv hvGœQ, K‡wl ebvqGbi me Dcv`vb
iii) R¾vjvwb KvV I c÷Lv`Å Drcv`b Kiv| mgw®¼ZfvGe cwiGekGK mg†«¬ I cvwievwiK Avq e†w«¬ KGi|
iv) Õ©vbGfG` wewf®² MvQ I Av¯¦tdmGji mg®¼q KGi Pvl cÉk² 15 RbmsLÅv e†w«¬ I Rxebhvòvi gvb D®²qGbi mvG^
Kiv| mvG^ ebR mÁ·G`i Pvwn`v e†w«¬ cvGœQ| gvbe Pvwn`v
M AvjZvd mvGne Zvi RwgGZ K‡wl ebvqb KGib| ˆgUvGbvi dGj ebR mÁ·` nËvm cvGœQ| ZvB ebR mÁ·`
ˆh f„wg eÅeÕ©vcbv c«¬wZi gvaÅGg ‰KB mvG^
chÆvqKÌwgKfvGe e†Þ, Lv`Ådmj ev c÷LvG`Åi PvlvevG`i e†w«¬i jGÞÅ ‰es cwiGeGki fvimvgÅ iÞvq miKvi mvgvwRK
gvaÅGg Rwgi mvweÆK Drcv`b e†w«¬ Kiv nq ZvGK K‡wl eb
eGj| K‡wleb eÅeÕ©vq mwÁÃwjZ f„wg eÅenvi c«¬wZ I ebvqb KgÆmƒwP MÉvgxY RbMGYi cÉZÅÞ mnGhvwMZvq evÕ¦evqb
cwiPhÆv KGi ‰KB dmGji mvG^ Õ©vb I Õ¦iwebÅvm KGi
eüelÆRxex cwiKw͸Z KvÓ¤j Dw«¿` I c÷ cvjb Kiv nq| ‰B Kivi c`GÞc MÉnY KGiGQ| wkLbdj-4
c«¬wZGZ ‰KB Rwg ˆ^GK ‰KB mgGq, KvV, R¾vjvwb, dj,
Ilywa MvQ Drcv`b Kiv mÁ¿e nq| kwdK Zvi ebvqGbi ˆÞGò K. ebvqb Kx? 1
PvicvGk cvZv cGo bv ‰es Kg Qvqv cÉ`vb KGi ‰gb cÉRvwZi
MvQ wbeÆvPb KiGeb| Kg cvZv wewkÓ¡ ‰es DuPz MvQ ˆhgb- L. e†Þ mÁ·` e†w«¬i Dcvq Kx Kx? 2
evejv, Zvj, ˆLRyi, LGqi, wkwil, bvwiGKj, Wvwjg BZÅvw`
MvQ jvMvGeb| AbÅw`GK gvV dmj wbeÆvPGbi mgq Qvqv M. miKvi ˆKb ‰es ˆKvb DGóGkÅ ‰ aiGbi ebvqb
mnbkxj ‰gb MvQ wbeÆvPb KiGeb|
KgÆmƒwP MÉnY KGiGQb? 3
N. DwÍÏwLZ cÉKvGii ebvqGbi cÉGqvRbxqZv mÁ·GKÆ
ˆZvgvi gZvgZ DcÕ©vcb KGiv| 4
15 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
K ebvqb nGjv ebf„wg m†wÓ¡ I ebRmÁ·` e†w«¬i jGÞÅ
weævbmÁÃZfvGe MvQ ˆivcY, cwiPhvÆ I eÅeÕ©vcbv c«¬wZ|
L wewf®² DcvGq ebvqGbi gvaÅGg e†Þ mÁ·` e†w«¬ Kiv hvq|
e†Þ mÁ·` e†w«¬i Dcvqmgnƒ wbÁ²i…c
AZ‰e, K‡wl ebvqb KvhÆKgÌ mdj Kivi gvaÅGg `xNÆGgqvw` 1. emZevwoi AvGkcvGk, AvwObv I cwZZ RvqMvq e†ÞGivcY
gybvdv jvGfi jGÞÅ DcwiDÚ welqàGjv weGePbv KGi kwdK KiGZ nGe|
Zvi K‡wl eGbi RbÅ cÉRvwZ wbeÆvPb KiGeb| 2. ivÕ¦v I ˆijjvBb-‰i cvGk MvQ jvMvGZ nGe|
N AvjZvd mvGne K‡wl ebvqGbi gvaÅGg A^Æ‹bwZK I 3. gvV dmGji Rwgi AvBGj ev A¯¦eÆZxÆÕ©vGb ‰es PvicvGk
cwiGekMZfvGe jvfevb nb| DcGhvMx cÉRvwZi MvQ jvwMGq ebvqb KiGZ nGe| ‰GZ
gvV dmGji gvGS gvGS wKQy wbw`ÆÓ¡ cÉRvwZi MvQ jvwMGq ˆh ebR mÁ·` e†w«¬ cvGe|
ebvqb Kiv nq ZvGK K‡wl eb eGj| ‰aiGbi ebvqGb dmGji
ev LvgvGii Drcv`Gbi Dci ˆKvGbvi…c ˆbwZevPK cÉfve cGo M Rxebhvòvi gvGbv®²qb, gvbe Pvwn`v cƒiGY ebR mÁ·`
bv| e†w«¬ I cwiGeGki fvimvgÅ iÞvi RbÅ miKvi mvgvwRK
ebvqb KgÆmƒwP MÉnY KGiGQb|
12 cvGéix m†Rbkxj K‡wlwkÞv w«¼Zxq cò ‰Kv`k-«¼v`k ˆkÉwY
miKvGii DGókÅmgnƒ wbÁ²i…c cÉk² 16 KvRj wgqv mvgvwRK ebvqGbi ‰KRb mdj
1. ˆ`Gki ÞwZMÉÕ¦ mKj ebvçj weGkl KGi mgZjf„wgi
mywkwÞZ mydjGfvMx| Zvi ˆbZ‡GZ½ mvgvwRK ebvqGb Ask wbGq
ebvçGji cybeÆvmb I D®²qb mvab Kiv|
2. ebf„wgi eüwea eÅenvGi ebvçGji f„wgi Drcv`b ÞgZv AGbGKB mdj nGqGQ| KvRj wgqvI cvwievwiKfvGe Õ¼vejÁx¼
mGeÆvœP chÆvGq e†w«¬ Kiv, ‰B jGÞÅ ‘K‡wl eb’ c«¬wZi nGqGQb| B wkLbdj-4
cÉeZÆb|
3. cÉvw¯¦K I cwZZ f„wg eÅenvi KGi ˆ`Gk e†Þ mÁ·` e†w«¬ K. KvRj wgqvi cwiPq Kx? 1
Kiv|
4. MÉvgxY emZevwoi AvwObvq MvQ ˆivcY KGi R¾vjvwb KvGVi L. mvgvwRK ebvqb ejGZ Kx ˆevSvq? Zv eÅvLÅv KGiv|
Drcv`b e†w«¬ Kiv|
5. cÉwkÞY I D«¼y«¬KiY KgÆmƒwPi gvaÅGg e†ÞGivcY, e†Þ 2
msiÞY I cwiGek D®²qGbi ˆÞGò MYmGPZbZv m†wÓ¡
Kiv| M. KvRj wgqvi ‰jvKvi ˆjvKRGbi mvgvwRK ebvqGb
6. mvgvwRK ebvqGbi gvaÅGg c÷Lv`Å, KzwUi wkG͸i
KuvPvgvj, ˆflR `ËeÅ BZÅvw`i msKU wbimb Kiv| AskMÉnGYi ˆKŒkj eYbÆ v KGiv| 3
7. evqygíGji KveÆb WvB-AÝvBW I AwÝGRGbi fvimvgÅZv
iÞv I wewf®² cÉvK‡wZK wecGhÆi nvZ ˆ^GK iÞv cvIqv| N. KvRj wgqv I ‰jvKvi ˆjvKRGbi mdjZvi
8. MÉvgxY RbMGYi KgÆmsÕ©vb I A^Æ‹bwZK D®²qb mvab
Kiv| ˆhŒwÚKZv weGkÏlY KGiv| 4
DcGii AvGjvPbv nGZ ejv hvq, `Ë‚Z eaÆbkxj RbGMvÓ¤xi
Pvwn`v cƒiY I ˆ`Gki cÉvK‡wZK cwiGek iÞvi gvaÅGg mKGji 16 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
myÕ¼vÕ©Å eRvq ivLv I cÉvK‡wZK `yGhÆvM ˆ^GK iÞvi RbÅ
ebvçj AZxe Ri‚wi| ‰mKj welq Dcjwº¬ KGiB miKvi K KvRj wgqv mvgvwRK ebvqGbi ‰KRb mywkwÞZ, Õ¼vejÁ¼x,
mvgvwRK ebvqb KgmÆ ƒwP MÉnY KGiGQb|
mydjGfvMx gvbyl|
N DóxcGK mvgvwRK ebvqGbi K^v DGÍÏL Kiv nGqGQ|
ebR mÁ·G`i Drcv`b e†w«¬, AebwZkxj cwiGeGki fvimvgÅ L ˆ`Gki cÉvK‡wZK eb eÅwZGiGK ebR mÁ·G`i Drcv`b
D®²qb ‰es MÉvgxY `wi`Ë RbGMvÓ¤xi `vwi`Ë wbimGb mvgvwRK e†w«¬i jGÞÅ RbmvaviGYi cÉZÅÞ AskMÉnGYi gvaÅGg
ebvqGbi ài‚Z½ Acwimxg| mvgvwRK ebvqGbi gvaÅGg wecyj emZevwoGZ, ˆijjvBGbi cvGk, cwZZ RwgGZ, ivÕ¦v, euva,
msLÅK gvbyGli KgÆmsÕ©vGbi myGhvM m†wÓ¡ nGqGQ| ‰i dGj Lvm I cÉvwZÓ¤vwbK RwgGZ ռ͸ cwimGi mvivG`keÅvcx
ˆeKvi gywÚGhv«¬vG`i KgÆmsÕ©vGbi myGhvM m†wÓ¡ nGqGQ| e†ÞGivcY KivGK mvgvwRK ebvqb eGj|
‰Qvov e†nr msLÅK Szwgqv cwieviGK K‡wl ebvqb cÉhywÚi mvgvwRK ebvqGb RbMGYi Õ¼ZtÕ¹„ZÆ AskMÉnY ^vGK I mKGj
gvaÅGg cybeÆvmb Kiv nGqGQ| ‰Qvov bvixi ÞgZvqb I ˆbZZ‡ ½ mgvb DcKviGfvMx nq| ‰ aiGbi eb eÅwÚMZ ev ˆhŒ^
m†wÓ¡ ‰es bvmÆvix m†Rb I cÉwkÞY MÉnGYi gvaÅGg RbMY gvwjKvbv `y’aiGbiB nGZ cvGi|
DcK‡Z nGœQ|
‰QvovI, mvgvwRK ebvqGbi ˆÞGò ÷i‚ ˆ^GKB DcKviGfvMxiv M KvRj wgqv mvgvwRK ebvqGbi ‰KRb mywkwÞZ
DcK‡Z nGq RxweKv wbeÆvn KiGZ cvGi| hwy ÚmsMZ KviGY mydjGfvMx| wZwb Awfæ nIqvq mwVKfvGe mvgvwRK ebvqb
QuvUvBK‡Z Wvjcvjv, cÉ^g NbZ½ nËvmKiYKvGj KwZÆZ e†Þ, KGib, hvi dGj wZwb ‰B eb ˆ^GK wewf®²fvGe jvfevb nGZ
dj` e†GÞi dj ‰es Drcvw`Z K‡wl dmj mÁ·ƒYiÆ …Gc ^vGKb|
DcKviGfvMxMY cvGeb| cieZÆx mKj NbZ½ nËvmKiY ‰es mvgvwRK ebvqb KgÆmƒwPi mdj evÕ¦evqGbi RbÅ KvRj wgqv
AveZÆbKvj cƒYÆ nIqvi ci KwZÆZ e†Þ nGZ jº¬ AvGqiI I Zvi ‰jvKvi RbMY wbGÁ²vÚ c`GÞcàGjv wbGqGQb
55% DcKviGfvMxMY cvGeb| AwaKvsk DcKviGfvMx m†wRZ mvgvwRK ebvqb ‰jvKv wbaÆviY, DcKviGfvMx wbeÆvPb,
DWjU I K‡wl eb evMvb KGi jvfevb nb mvgvwRK ebvqb DcKviGfvMx cÞmgƒGni gGaÅ mvgvwRK ebvqb PzwÚ ÕÃviK
wewagvjv Abyhvqx PzwÚbvgvq DwÍÏwLZ cÉGZÅK DcKviGfvMx Õ¼vÞiKiY, PzwÚi ˆgqv` I bevqb kZÆ wbaÆviY (10-20 eQi
mgnvGi jfÅvsk cÉvµ¦ nb| ˆgqvw`) DcKviGfvMxi `vwqZ½ I KgÆeÅeÕ©vcbv wbG`Æk
ZvB DcGii AvGjvPbvi wfwîGZ ejv hvq, mvgvwRK ebvqGbi
cÉGqvRbxqZv Acwimxg| BZÅvw`| ‰Qvov eÅeÕ©vcbv KwgwU MVb hvGZ ^vKGe
mfvcwZ-1, mnmfvcwZ-1, mvaviY mÁ·v`K-1, ˆKvlvaÅÞ-1,
mvaviY m`mÅ-4 (2 Rb gwnjv) mn, ˆK±`ÊxqfvGe DcG`Ó¡v
KwgwU MVb I Zvi `vwqZ½ wbaÆviY, AveZÆKvj wbaÆviY,
mvgvwRK ebvqb nGZ jº¬ AvGqi e¥Ÿb ˆhgb ebwefvM
45% DcKviGfvMx 45%, e†ÞGivcY Znwej I ‰i eÅenvi
LvZ wbaÆviY, ‰es cÉGqvRb gGZv Znwej eÅeÕ©vcbv
mveKwgwU MVb|
DcwiDÚ ˆKŒkGji ˆcÉwÞGZ KvRj wgqvi ‰jvKvi ˆjvKRb
mvgvwRK ebvqGb AskMÉnY KGi|
N KvRj wgqvi mdjZv ˆ`GL Zvi AvGkcvGki ˆjvKRb
mvgvwRK ebvqGb DrmvwnZ nb| ‰ ebvqGb mdjZv jvGfi
RbÅ Zviv wKQy avc AbymiY KGib|
ebvqb 13
cÉ^gZ, Zviv ebvqGbi RbÅ DchyÚ RvqMv wbeÆvPb KGib, hvGZ mRvi‚, mvc, àBmvc BZÅvw`| ‰B eGb cÉPzi cwigvGY wewf®²
KGi ZvG`i ˆivcYK‡Z Pvivi ˆKvGbv ÞwZ bv nq| ‰GÞGò cÉRvwZi euvk cvIqv hvq| ˆhgb- eivK, gywj, givj, ZÍvÏ
Zviv f„wgi cÉK‡wZ, AeÕ©vb, DGókÅ BZÅvw` welqmgƒn BZÅvw`| ‰me ŠewkÓ¡Å AbÅvbÅ eGbi ˆÞGò ˆ`Lv hvq bv| ZvB
weGePbvq ˆiGLGQb| w«¼ZxqZ, Zviv ˆivcGYi RbÅ mwVK cvnvwo eb AbÅvbÅ eGbi ˆPGq ÕZ¼ ¯|¨
cÉRvwZi Pviv wbeÆvPb KGiGQb| Z‡ZxqZ, wbeÆvwPZ Õ©vGbi
AvMvQv ˆSvc-Rãj ˆKGU cwiÓ•vi KGib ‰es ŠRe mvi M Zvbfxi wmwóKx Zvi ‰jvKvq mvgvwRK ebvqb KGiwQGjb|
ŠZwii DGóGkÅ AbÅò ‰àGjvGK Õ¦„cvKvGi Rgv KGib| PZz^ÆZ, ˆ`Gki Av^-Æ mvgvwRK D®²qb, cÉvK‡wZK cwiGeGki fvimvgÅ
Pviv ˆivcGYi DGóGkÅ mwVKfvGe MZÆ Lbb, mvi cÉGqvM, iÞvq I Rxe‹ewPòÅ msiÞGY mvgvwRK ebvqGbi Ae`vb
DchyÚ mgGq Pviv ˆivcY BZÅvw` KvhKÆ Ìg mÁ·v`b KGib| Acwimxg| mvgvwRK ebvqGbi gvaÅGg RbmvaviGYi ˆgŒwjK
me KvR mwVKfvGe mÁ·v`Gbi ci ˆivcYK‡Z Pviv ˆhb Pvwn`v cƒiY nq| cvkvcvwk cwiGek `ƒlY, gi‚weÕ¦vi I f„wgÞq
mwVKfvGe ˆeGo DVGZ cvGi ‰RbÅ wbqwgZ ‰àGjvi cwiPhvÆ ˆivGai gvaÅGg cÉvK‡wZK fvimvgÅ iÞv nq|
mvgvwRK ebvqb KgÆmƒwPi AvIZvq evMvb ŠZwi, cvnviv ˆ`Iqv,
KGib| ˆhgb Pvivq LyuwU I ˆeov ˆ`Iqv, ÷Ó• ˆgŒmyGg ˆmP iÞYvGeÞY, Avmevecò ŠZwi, weKÌq, bvmÆvwi Õ©vcb BZÅvw`i
ˆ`Iqv, wbw`ÆÓ¡ mgq cici AvMvQv cwiÓ•vi Kiv, wbqwgZ mvi gvaÅGg wecyj msLÅK ˆjvGKi KgÆmsÕ©vb nGqGQ| ˆ`Gk ebR
cÉGqvM I gvjwPs ˆ`Iqv, cÉ‚wbs I w^wbs Kiv| mÁ·G`i cwigvY ˆeGoGQ eüàGY| K‡wl KvGRi AbycGhvMx
cwZZ I AeÅen†Z f„wgGZ mvgvwRK ebvqb Kiv nq eGj f„wgi
DcwiDÚ KvhÆKÌgàGjv mKGj wgGj mwVKfvGe cvjb mGeÆvîg eÅenvi wbwøZ nq| ZvQvov f„wgi DeÆiZv I Drcv`b
KGiwQGjb eGjB KvRj wgqv I Zvi ‰jvKvevmx ZvG`i Kiv ÞgZv e†w«¬ cvq ‰es f„wgÞq ˆiva nq ev wbq¯¨GY ^vGK|
mvgvwRK ebvqGbi gvaÅGg jvfevb I mdj nGqGQb| mvgvwRK eb ‰jvKvi cwiGekGK Vv´£v, wbgÆj I `ƒlYgyÚ ivGL|
‰gbwK AvGkcvGki AçjGK wewf®² cÉvK‡wZK `yGhvÆ M ˆhgb-
cÉk² 17 RbmsLÅv e†w«¬ I Rxebhvòvi gvGbv®²qGbi mvG^ Liv, NƒwYÆSo, RGjvœQ¾vm ˆ^GK iÞv KGi| ‰Qvov e†Þ gi‚gqZv
ˆiva KGi, evZvGm KveÆb WvB-AÝvBGWi cwigvY Kgvq I
mvG^ AvgvG`i ˆ`Gki ebR mÁ·G`i Pvwn`v w`b w`b e†w«¬ AwÝGRGbi cwigvY e†w«¬ KGi| eb cÉvYx Lv`Åk†›Lj iÞv KGi|
wewf®² cÉRvwZi Dw«`¿ , c÷cvwL, KxUcZã, AYyRxe cviÕ·wiK
cvGœQ| ewaÆZ ‰ Pvwn`v ˆgUvGbvi dGj ebR mÁ·` `Ë‚Z nËvm wKÌqv-wewKÌqvi gvaÅGg Rxe‹ewPòÅ MwZgq ivGL| dGj cÉvK‡wZK
fvimvgÅ eRvq ^vGK I Rxe‹ewPòÅ msiÞY nq|
cvGœQ| evsjvG`Gki gvwU I AvenvIqv ebvqGbi RbÅ Dä¾j DwÍÏwLZ AvGjvPbv ˆ^GK ejv hvq, Zvbfxi wmwóKxi mvgvwRK
ebvqb KgÆKv´£ Rxe‹ewPòÅ iÞvq I ˆ`Gki A^Æ‹bwZK D®²qGb
mÁ¿vebv| ZvB ebR mÁ·` iÞv I e†w«¬i jGÞÅ ‰es Myi‚Z½cƒYÆ Ae`vb ivGL| A
cwiGeGki fvimvgÅ iÞvq MÉvgxY gvbyGli cÉZÅÞ mnGhvwMZvq N evsjvG`Gki gvwU I AvenvIqv ebvqGbi RbÅ DcGhvMx
eGj ebvqGbi mÁ¿vebv Däj¾ |
miKvi mvgvwRK ebvqb KgÆmƒwP evÕ¦evqb Kivi c`GÞc MÉnY
ŠeævwbK c«¬wZGZ ebf„wgGZ MvQ jvMvGbv, cwiPhvÆ I
KGiGQb| B wkLbdj-4 msiÞYGK ejv nq ebvqb| evsjvG`Gki gvwUi àYvewj I
Rjevqy ebvqGbi AbyK„Gj| ‰G`Gk AGbK cÉRvwZi e†GÞi Pviv
K. mvgvwRK ebvqb KvGK eGj? 1 Drcv`b mÁ¿e| evsjvG`Gki DuPz RwgGZ ebvqb KGi ebR
mÁ·` AGbK àGY evovGbv hvGe| miKvwi cwiK͸bvi gvaÅGg
L. cvnvwo eb AbÅvbÅ eb ˆ^GK Õ¼Z¯¨ ˆKb? eÅvLÅv mvgvwRK ebvqb KvhKÆ Ìg `Ë‚Z mÁ·ÉmviY Kiv hvq| evsjvG`Gk
eb I D`Åvb ŠZwii gvaÅGg chÆUb eÅemvq cÉmvi NUGZ cvGi|
KGiv| 2 cvnvwo eGbi cybeÆvmb KGi eGbi Drcv`b 2-3 àY e†w«¬ Kiv
hvGe|
M. miKvi ˆh DGóGkÅ mvgvwRK ebvqb KgÆmƒwP MÉnY
mvgvwRK ebvqGbi dGj cwZZ Rwgi eÅenvi, fvimvgÅ iÞv,
KGiGQb AbyGœQG`i AvGjvGK Zv eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3 cwiGek `ƒlY ˆiva, f„wgÞq ˆiva, `vwi`ÅË weGgvPGb
KgÆmsÕ©vGbi eÅeÕ©v ‰es RbMGYi ˆgŒwjK Pvwn`v cƒiY nGq
N. “evsjvG`Gki ebvqGbi mÁ¿vebv Dä¾j”- DóxcGKi ^vGK|
DwÚwU mÁ·GKÆ ˆZvgvi gZvgZ `vI| 4 DwÍÏwLZ bvbv KviGY ‰G`Gk ebvqGbi mÁ¿vebv Däj¾ | ‰GZ
ˆhgb ˆ`Gki cwiGek wVK ^vKGe, ˆZgwb RbmvaviGYi
17 bs cÉGk²i Dîi A^Æ‹bwZK mœQjZvI AvmGe|
K RbMGYi cÉZÅÞ AskMÉnGYi gvaÅGg emZevwoi Avwãbvq,
evwoi PvicvGk, gvGVi avGi, cwZZ RwgGZ, ivÕ¦vi `y’avGi,
ˆij jvBGbi cvGk, miKvwi I ˆemiKvwi cÉwZÓ¤vGb ռ͸
cwimGi mvivG`keÅvcx ˆh eb MGo DGVGQ ZvGK mvgvwRK
ebvqb eGj|
L cvnvwo ‰jvKvq ˆhmKj ebvçj MGo DGVGQ ZvGK cvnvwo
eb eGj|
cvnvwo eGbi cÉavb cÉavb e†Þ nGjv- ˆmàb, wkjKoB,
ˆgnMwb, Rvi‚j, wnRj, MRÆb, Mvgvi BZÅvw`| ‰ eGbi
AwaKvsk e†Þ wPinwir, AvswkK wPinwir I còGgvwP| cvnvwo
eGb Ryg Pvl I Pv Pvl nq| ‰ aiGbi eGbi f„wg DuPz-wbPz I
gvwU mvaviYZ jvjGP I ev`vwg eGYÆi| cvnvwo eGbi cÉavb
cÉavb cÉvYx nGjv- nvwZ, wewf®² cÉKvi evN, ˆbDj, evbi,
14 cvGéix m†Rbkxj K‡wlwkÞv w«¼Zxq cò ‰Kv`k-«¼v`k ˆkÉwY
cÉk² 18 KzwgÍÏvi gqbvgwZ ‰jvKvq 100 ˆnÙi RwgGZ N DóxcGK DwÍÏwLZ ebvqb nj mvgvwRK ebvqb|
`vwi`ÅË weGgvPGb ‰B eGbi ài‚Z½ Acwimxg| mvgvwRK ebvqb
mvgvwRK ebvqb KGiGQ eb wefvM| ‰LvGb DcKviGfvMxi nGjv ‰gb ‰K eb eÅeÕ©vcbv hvi mvG^ `wi`Ë RbGMvÓ¤x
IZGcÉvZfvGe RwoZ| ‰i gvaÅGg DcKviGfvMxiv R¾vjvwb,
msLÅv 100 Rb| 15 eQi ci ebvqb KvhKÆ Ìg ˆkGl cÉGZÅK Lv`Å, c÷Lv`Å I RxweKv wbeÆvGni DcKiY ˆcGq ^vGK|
DcKviGfvMx cuvP jÞ KGi UvKv ˆcGq mKGj Lywk ‰es ZvG`i mgvGRi mKj Õ¦Gii gvbyGli AskMÉnGYi gvaÅGg `ytÕ© `wi`Ë
RbMGYi fvMÅ cwieZÆGb mvgvwRK ebvqb f„wgKv cvjb KGi
`vwi`ÅË Zv `ƒi KiGZ ˆcGiGQ| wkLbdj-4 ^vGK| mvgvwRK ebvqb wewagvjvi wewa Abyhvqx f„wgnxb, 50
kZvsGki Kg f„wgi gvwjK, `ty Õ© gwnjv, AbMÉmi RbGMvÓ¤x,
K. mvgvwRK ebvqb KvGK eGj? 1 `wi`Ë Avw`evmx, `wi`Ë eb KgÆKZÆv ‰es AmœQj gywÚGhv«¬v ev
gywÚGhv«¬vi AmœQj m¯¦vb mvgvwRK ebvqGbi DcKviGfvMx
L. mvgvwRK ebvqGbi cÉGqvRbxqZv eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2 wnGmGe weGewPZ nGe|
M. eb wefvM KxfvGe DÚ ebvqb evÕ¦evqb KGiGQ? DcKviGfvMxMY MvQ cwiPhÆvi Ask wnGmGe QvUvBK‡Z
Wvjcvjv, NbZ½ nËvmKiYKvGj cÉvµ¦ e†Þ, djR e†GÞi dj ‰es
eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3 Drcvw`Z K‡wlRvZ dmGji cyGivUv cvGeb| mvgvwRK ebvqGbi
gvaÅGg DcKviGfvMxMY Lv`Å, R¾vjvwb, Znwej, Avmevecò I
N. `vwi`ÅË weGgvPGb ‰ eGbi KvhKÆ Ìg gƒjÅvqb KGiv| 4 c÷Lv`Å ˆcGq ^vGKb| DcKviGfvMxMY MvQ cwiPhÆv I
iÞYvGeÞY h^vh^fvGe KiGj ˆmB MvQ wewKÌ KGi evMvGbi
18 bs cÉGk²i Dîi aiGbi wfwîGZ 40%-55% nvGi mÁ·G`i Ask cvGeb|
‰Qvov K‡wleb evMvGbi mÁ·ƒYÆ K‡wl dmj DcKviGfvMxiv
K RbMGYi mivmwi Ask MÉnGYi gvaÅGg gvbyGli KjÅvGY ˆbb| KzwgÍÏvi gqbvgwZ ‰jvKvq 100 ˆnÙi RwgGZ mvgvwRK
miKvGii KvwiMwi I Avw^ÆK mnvqZvq mvgvwRK ‰jvKvq ebvqb KvhÆKgÌ nvGZ ˆbIqvq DcKviGfvMxMY weMZ 15 eQi
e†ÞGivcGbi ˆh ebvqb Kiv nq ZvGK mvgvwRK ebvqb eGj| aGi ˆmme MvQ nGZ dmj, KvV BZÅvw` cvIqvi cvkvcvwk
KvhKÆ Ìg ˆkGl cÉGZÅGK bM` 5 jÞ KGi UvKv ˆcGqGQ|
L RbMGYi «¼viv RbMGYi RbÅ m†Ó¡ ebGK mvgvwRK ebvqb DcKviGfvMxMY ‰Lb Õ¼vejÁ¼x ‰es ZvG`i fvMÅ cwieZÆGbi
eGj| hG^Ó¡ myGhvM ZvG`i nvGZ iGqGQ|
bvbv iKg dj Drcv`b KGi Lv`Å I cywÓ¡ Pvwn`v cƒiY Kiv ZvB Avwg gGb Kwi, `vwi`ËÅ weGgvPGb mvgvwRK ebvqb
hvq| iv®²vi RbÅ KvV, jZvcvZv, wkKo ‰es Avmeve I KzwUi KvhKÆ ÌgwU AZů¦ ài‚Z½cƒY|Æ
KuvPvgvj cvIqv hvq| ebvqb f„wgÞq ˆiva KGi, cÉvK‡wZK
`yGhÆvM cÉwZGiva KGi cwiGeGki fvimvgÅ iÞv KGi| MÉvgxY I
`ytÕ© gwnjvG`i KgÆmsÕ©vb I Avq e†w«¬i myGhvM KGi ˆ`q|
Rxe ŠewPòÅ iÞv KGi| K‡wl Rwgi myÓ¤z eÅenvi nq I ˆ`Gki
ˆgvU K‡wl Drcv`b e†w«¬ KGi|
M DóxcGK mvgvwRK ebvqb mÁ·GKÆ ejv nGqGQ| ‰B ebvqb
KvhKÆ Ìg mdjfvGe evÕ¦evqGbi RbÅ eb wefvM KZàGjv avc
AbymiY KGi ^vGK|
DchyÚ Õ©vb wbeÆvPGbi ci eb wefvM KZƆK mvgvwRK ebvqb cÉk² 19 mvgmjy Avjg ‰KRb e†ÞGcÉgx| wZwb ‰jvKvi
KvhKÆ Ìg evÕ¦evqGbi RbÅ DcKviGfvMx ev AskMÉnYKvix
wbeÆvPb I ZvG`i wbGq `j MVb Kiv nq ˆmLvGb weaev, Õ¼vgx ivÕ¦vi `yB cvGk wewf®² aiGbi djR I ebR e†Þ ˆivcY KGib
cwiZÅvÚv f„wgnxb K‡lK A¯¦fÆyÚ wQj| ebwefvM
DcKviGfvMxG`i KvwiMwi ævGbi Ici cÉwkÞY cÉ`vb KGi ‰es hð wbGq eo KGi ˆZvGjb| cÉwZeQi Zvi ‰B e†Þ
ZvG`i `vwqZ½ I KZÆeÅ eywSGq ˆ`q| KLb, ˆK, KZ jfÅvsk
wbGe, cÉKG͸i ˆgqv` I `vwqZ½ BZÅvw` welGq DcKviGfvMxMY ˆivcGYi dGj ‰Lb Zvi ‰jvKvi mKj ivÕ¦vq `yB cvGk mvwi-
cÉwZÓ¤vGbi mvG^ PzwÚ KGi| mwVK cÉRvwZ wbeÆvPGbi Ici
ebvqGbi mv^ÆKZv wbfÆi KGi| ebwefvM I DcKviGfvMxiv mvwi e†Þ ˆh KvGiv bRi KvGo| mvgmjy AvjGgi ‰i…c wbtÕ¼v^Æ
‰jvKvi Av^-Æ mvgvwRK D®²qGb eÅenviGhvMÅ I cwiGek
DcGhvMx e†GÞi cÉRvwZ wbeÆvPb KGi| cyGiv elÆv RyGo Pviv e†ÞGcÉGgi KviGY miKvi ‰ eQi ZvGK cyiÕ•‡Z KGiGQ|
jvMvGbv nq| Pviv ˆivcGbi AvGM cƒeÆ cÉÕ§ZK‡Z MGZÆi gvwU
fvGjvfvGe KzwcGq SziSiv Kiv nq| Pvivi ˆMvovq LyuwU cGyu Z A wkLbdj-4
‰i mvG^ PvivGK nvjKvfvGe ˆeuGa ˆ`Iqv nq, Pviv ˆivcGYi
ci mwVKfvGe Pvivi cwiPhvÆ Kiv nq| Mi-‚ QvMGji Kej K. ebvqb Kx? 1
ˆ^GK PvivGK iÞv Kivi RbÅ ˆeov w`Gq ˆ`Iqv nq| cÉwZeQi
wbw`ÆÓ¡ mgGq Wvjcvjv KZÆb ‰es ebR dmj AvniY I e†Þ L. eb AvgvG`i KxfvGe DcKvi KGi? 2
KZÆb KGi|
M. DóxcGK e†ÞGcÉgx mvgmjy AvjGgi KgÆKví ˆKvb
aiGbi ebvqGbi A¯¦fzÆÚ? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3
N. DóxcGK ebvqGbi DcKviGfvMx Kviv? weGkÏlY
KGiv| 4
19 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
‰fvGe ŠeævwbK c«¬wZ AejÁ¼b KGi ebwefvM I mvgvwRK K ebvqb nGjv ebR mÁ·G`i Drcv`b e†w«¬i jGÞÅ
ebvqb evÕ¦evqb KGi| weævbmÁÃZfvGe e†Þ ˆivcY, cwiPhÆv I eÅeÕ©vcbv c«¬wZ|
ebvqb 15
L eb AvgvG`i cwiGekMZ wbivcîv cÉ`vGbi cvkvcvwk cÉk² 20 eãe®¬y ˆmZzi msGhvM moGK mvgvwRK ebvqGbi
ˆgŒwjK Pvwn`v ˆhgb Lv`Å, eÕ¨, evmÕ©vb, wPwKrmv cÉf‡wZ
cƒiY KGi| cÉvK‡wZK cwiGek msiÞY, weGkl KGi AwÝGRb DcKviGfvMx kwidzj Bmjvgmn mKjGK eb KgÆKZvÆ KvÓ¤j I
mieivn, e†wÓ¡cvZ, cÉwZK„j cwiGek wbq¯¨Y, Rjevqyi ZxeËZv
wbq¯¨Y, ebÅv wbq¯¨Y, f„wgÞq ˆiva cÉf‡wZ bvbwea KvGR eb `xNÆGgqvw` djMvQmgƒGni ˆUÇwbs c«¬wZ eywSGq ejGjb| A
f„wgKv ivGL| ‰QvovI A^Æ‹bwZK mœQjZv I wPîweGbv`Gbi
ˆLvivK RywMGq ebf„wg AvgvG`i DcKvi KGi ^vGK| wkLbdj-4 I 7
M e†ÞGcÉgx mvgmjy AvjGgi KgÆKví mvgvwRK ebvqGbi K. ˆUÇwbs Kx? 1
A¯¦fzÆÚ| wZwb djR I ebR e†Þ wbGRi nvGZ ˆivcY KGib I
iÞYvGeÞY KGib| L. wbgÆvY I hvbevnb wkG͸ eGbi ài‚Z½ ˆjGLv| 2
cÉvK‡wZK eÅZxZ eÅwÚMZ DG`ÅvGM I miKvwi eÅeÕ©vcbvq
moK, euva, Awdm cÉvãb, wkÞv cÉwZÓ¤vb, C`Mvn, kmÅGÞGòi M. eb KgÆKZÆv ˆh c«¬wZwU eywSGq ejGjb Zv eÅvLÅv
AvBj I ˆijjvBGbi cvGk cwZZ RwgGZ Õ©vb DcGhvMx
e†ÞGivcY KGi ˆh ebvqb Kiv nq ZvB mvgvwRK ebvqb| ‰ KGiv| 3
aiGbi ebvqGbi cÉavb kZÆàGjvi gGaÅ eÅwÚMZ DG`ÅvGM
ebvqb Kiv, RbMGYi Õ¼ZtÕ¹„ZÆ AskMÉnY I ciÕ·i N. DÚ KvGRi RbÅ kwidzj Bmjvg KxfvGe wbeÆvwPZ
Õ¼v^ÆmswkÏÓ¡Zv BZÅvw` DGÍÏLGhvMÅ| MÉvgxY `wi`Ë RbGMvÓ¤xi
Av^Æ-mvgvwRK D®²qb I RbMGYi AskMÉnGYi gvaÅGg ebR nGqwQGjv eGj Zzwg gGb KGiv? DîGii Õ¼cGÞ hywÚ
mÁ·G`i e†w«¬ ‰es cwiGeGki D®q² Gbi RbÅ wZwb ‰ KgÆmƒwP
MÉnY KGib| evwoi cvGki ˆijjvBb I moK cG^i `yB avi `vI| 4
w`Gq DcGhvMx RvGZi e†Þ ˆivcY KGib| miKvwifvGe ZvGK
cyiÕ•‡Z Kiv cÉgvY KGi ˆh Zvi ebvqGb gvbyGli DcKvi 20 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
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DcGii AvGjvPbv I mvgmjy AvjGgi ebvqGbi mÁÃvbÕ¼i…c K ˆUÇwbs nGjv ˆKvGbv MvQGK ‰KwU kÚ my±`i KvVvGgv
ZvGK cyiÕ•‡Z Kivi KvRwU cÉgvY KGi ˆh, Zvi ebvqbwU ˆ`Iqvi RbÅ MvGQi Wvjcvjv KZÆb Kiv|
mvgvwRK ebvqb|
N DóxcGK mvgvwRK ebvqGbi K^v DGÍÏL Kiv nGqGQ| L eGb cÉPzi cwigvGY ˆQvU-eo MvQcvjv ^vGK| ‰me
mvgvwRK ebvqb ‰gb ‰K eb eÅeÕ©vcbv ev KgÆKví hvi MvQcvjv euvk I KvGVi Drm|
mvG^ ‰jvKvi Õ©vbxq `wi`Ë RbGMvÓ¤x IZGcÉvZfvGe RwoZ|
‰LvGb Õ©vbxq ˆjvKRb nGœQ DcKviGfvMx| ‰GÞGò wewf®² wkG͸ eb ài‚Zc½ ƒYÆ f„wgKv cvjb KGi| eb ˆ^GK cÉvµ¦
DcKviGfvMx nGjb f„wgnxb, 50 kZvsGki Kg fzwgi gvwjK, euvk I KvV wewf®² wbgÆvY wkG͸ eÅen†Z nq| ˆhgb LyuwU
`ytÕ© gwnjv I AbMÉmi ˆMvÓ¤x| ˆ`Iqv, NGii ˆeov ˆ`Iqv, exg ev Avo ŠZwi BZÅvw`mn MÉvgxY
mvgvwRK ebvqGbi dGj DcKviGfvMx ‰es ebwefvM DfqB M†n wbgÆvY KvGR euvk I KvV eÅen†Z nq| ‰Qvov hvbevnb
DcK‡Z nq| eGbi ˆgvU AvGqi kZKiv 40 ˆ^GK 60 fvM wkG͸ ˆhgb ˆmZz ev muvGKv, Še`yÅwZK LyuwU, ˆbŒKv, wiÝv,
DcKviGfvMxG`i ˆ`qv nq| AewkÓ¡ kZKiv 40-60 fvM fÅvb, ˆVjv-Mvwo BZÅvw` ŠZwiGZ KvV-euvk eÅen†Z nq|
cÉwZÓ¤vb ˆbq ‰es ˆm A^Æ e†ÞGivcY I eÅeÕ©vcbv eve` LiP
KGi| DcKviGfvMxiv mvgvwRK ebvqGb mÁ·†Ú nIqvq Zviv M eb KgÆKZvÆ mKjGK KvÓ¤j I `xNÆGgqvw` djMvQmgƒGni
e†ÞGivcY, cwiPhÆv I iÞYvGeÞY KGi ^vGK| ivÕ¦vi cvGk ˆUÇwbs c«¬wZ eywSGq ejGjb|
DcKviGfvMxiv wbkvbv nvGZ wbGq e†Þ cvnviv ˆ`q| Zviv Mi‚,
QvMj ZvovGbv, e†GÞi LyuwU ˆ`qv, LyuwU wVK Kiv, cvwb KvÓ¤j e†GÞ DœP ˆK±`Ê I gyÚ ˆK±`Ê ‰ `yB aiGbi ˆUÇwbs c«¬wZ
mieivnmn wewf®² cwiPhÆv KGi| ‰GZ MvQ msiwÞZ I hGð eÅenvi Kiv nq| DœP ˆK±`Ê ˆUÇwbs c«¬wZGZ MvGQi cvk¼Æxq
^vGK| ‰GZ miKvi, DcKviGfvMx I ˆ`k jvfevb nq| kvLv-cÉkvLv cÉGqvRbgGZv ˆQuGU w`Gq ÷ay cÉavb KvíwUGKB
AbÅ^vq e†Þ gviv hvIqv, Pzwi nIqv, bÓ¡ nIqvmn wewf®² evoGZ ˆ`Iqv nq| ‰fvGe MvQGK `Ë‚Z jÁ¼v Kiv nq| gyÚ ˆK±`Ê
mgmÅv nq| ‰RbÅ ˆ`Gk mvgvwRK eb iÞv I e†w«¬i ˆÞGò ˆUÇwbs c«¬wZGZ MvGQi cÉavb KvíwUGK wKQy`ƒi chƯ¦ evoGZ
DcKviGfvMxiv weivU f„wgKv cvjb KGi| Zviv ‰ KvGR ˆ`Iqvi ci AMÉfvM ˆKGU ˆ`Iqv nq| ‰GZ cÉavb KvGíi
Av¯¦wiK I AvMÉnx ^vGK| PvicvGk kvLv Kg ^vKvq evqy PjvPGj myweav nq| `xNÆGgqvw`
djMvQmgƒGni ˆUÇwbs c«¬wZ nGjv bvwZ DœP ˆK±`Ê ˆUÇwbs| ‰i
mvgvwRK ebvqb mdj Kivi ˆÞGò DcKviGfvMxG`i f„wgKv gvaÅGg `xNÆGgqvw` djMvQmgƒnGK ˆek ˆSvcvGjv I gvSvwi
eÅvcK| DœPZvmÁ·®² KGi MGo ˆZvjv hvq| ‰ c«¬wZGZ MvGQi cÉavb
KvíwUGK cÉ^g KGqK eQi evoGZ ˆ`Iqv nq| Zvici wbw`ÆÓ¡
DœPZvcÉvµ¦ nGj cÉavb KvíwUGK ˆKGU ˆ`Iqv nq| dGj cvk¼Æxq
kvLvmgnƒ fvGjvfvGe evovi myGhvM cvq| cvk¼Æxq kvLvmgƒn hLb
mycÉwZwÓ¤Z nGq DGV ZLb Avevi kvLvàGjvi gv^v ˆKGU ˆ`Iqv
nq| ‰fvGe MvQ ˆek ˆSvcvGjv I gvSvwi DœPZv mÁ·®² nq|
eb KgÆKZvÆ DcKviGfvMxG`i DcwiDÚ welqwU fvGjvfvGe
eywSGq eGjb| KviY ‰ aiGbi ˆUÇwbs ‰i gvaÅGg e†Þ ˆ^GK
meÆvwaK djb ˆcGq jvfevb nIqv hvq|
16 cvGéix m†Rbkxj K‡wlwkÞv w«¼Zxq cò ‰Kv`k-«¼v`k ˆkÉwY
N eãe®¬y ˆmZzi msGhvM moGK mvgvwRK ebvqGb kwidzj L wbw`ÆÓ¡ ˆKvGbv DGóGkÅ MvGQi AcÉGqvRbxq Wvjcvjv KZÆb
Bmjvg ‰KRb DcKviGfvMx wnGmGe wbeÆvwPZ nb| KivGK cwÉ‚ bs eGj| Wvj QuvUvBGqi ZxeËZvi wfwîGZ cwÉ‚ bs 3
cÉKvi nGq ^vGK| h^v-
mvgvwRK ebvqb wewagvjv 2004 (2010 ‰ msGkvwaZ) i. nvjKv cÉ‚wbs ev nvjKv QuvUvB, ˆhgb- kvj, ˆmàb|
AbymiGY mvgvwRK ebvqGbi RbÅ DcKviGfvMxMY eb ii. gaÅg cÉ‚wbs ev gaÅg QuvUvB, ˆhgb- wjPz, Rvg|
Awa`µ¦i KZ‡ÆK mswkÏÓ¡ ‰jvKvi Õ©vbxq miKvi cÉwZÓ¤vGbi iii. Mfxi c‚wÉ bs ev Mfxi QuvUvB, ˆhgb-Bwcj-Bwcj, wRMv|
civgkÆKÌGg wbeÆvwPZ nGeb|
M wPò-1 ‰ Pviv ˆivcY KvGRi ˆh avcwU ˆ`LvGbv nGqGQ Zv
mvgvwRK ebvqb wewagvjvi 6(1K) wewaGZ ejv nGqGQ, nGjv Õ©vb wbeÆvPb|
“Õ©vbxq RbGMvÓ¤xi DG`ÅvGM M†nxZ mvgvwRK ebvqb KvhÆKGÌ gi
ˆÞGò mswkÓÏ ¡ DcGRjvi eb I cwiGek D®q² b KwgwU Õ©vb wbeÆvPb Pviv ˆivcGYi cÉ^g avc| Pviv ˆivcY Kivi RbÅ
DcKviGfvMx wbeÆvPb P„ov¯¦ KiGeb|” DÚ wewagvjvi 6(2) DcGhvMx Av`kÆ Õ©vGbi Rwg DuPz nGe hvGZ ebÅvi cvwb bv
wewaGZ ejv nGqGQ, “mvaviYfvGe mvgvwRK ebvqb ‰jvKvi IGV| gvwUi eybU DeÆi ˆ`vAuvk nGe| Pviv ˆivcGYi RvqMvq
‰K wKGjvwgUvGii gGaÅ emevmKvix Õ©vbxq AwaevmxG`i gaÅ ˆKvGbv Qvqv ^vKGe bv I gvwU mywbÓ•vwkZ nGe| wbeÆvwPZ
nGZ DÚ ‰jvKvi DcKviGfvMx wbeÆvwPZ nGeb ‰es wbÁ²ewYÆZ Õ©vGb AwZwiÚ cvwb RGg ^vKGe bv| emZevwoGZ MvQ ˆivcY
KiGZ nGj duvKv DuPz Õ©vb wbeÆvPb KiGZ nGe| RvqMvwU
eÅwÚMY DcKviGfvMx wbeÆvPGb AMÉvwaKvi cvGeb K. mƒhÆvGjvKhyÚ A^Ævr, cvnvo I emZevwoi `wÞY I cƒeÆ cvGk
f„wgnxb, L. 50 kZvsGki Kg Rwgi gvwjK, M. `ytÕ© gwnjv, nGj fvGjv nq| gvSvwi wbPz I wbPz RwgGZ Pviv ˆivcGYi ˆÞGò
N. AbMÉmi ˆMvÓ¤x, O. `wi`Ë Avw`evmx, P. `wi`Ë dGiÕ¡ Rjve«¬Zv mnbkxj RvGZi Pviv wbeÆvPb KiGZ nGe| Pviv
wfGjRvi, Q. AÕ¼œQj gywÚGhv«¬v A^ev gywÚGhv«¬vG`i AÕ¼œQj ˆivcGYi Õ©vGbi mKj cÉKvi AvMvQv, ˆSvc, Rãj BZÅvw`
m¯¦vb|” 6(3) wewaGZ ejv nGqGQ, “ˆKvGbv mvgvwRK eb fvGjvfvGe cwiÓ•vi KGi ˆdjGZ nGe|
‰jvKvi ‰K wKGjvwgUvGii gGaÅ chÆvµ¦ msLÅK DcKviGfvMx
bv cvIqv ˆMGj DÚ ‰jvKvi wbKUZg ‰jvKvq emevmKvix mvgvwRK ebvqbGK mdj KGi ˆZvjvi RbÅ DwÍÏwLZ welqàGjv
AwaevmxG`i gGaÅ nGZ DcKviGfvMx wbeÆvPb Kiv hvGe|” weGePbv KGi Õ©vb wbeÆvPb KiGZ nGe|
AZ‰e moGK mvgvwRK ebvqGbi DcKviGfvMx wnGmGe N wPò-2 ‰ Pvivq LyuwU euvavi cÉwKÌqv ˆ`LvGbv nGqGQ| Pvivi
kwidzj Bmjvg DcwiDÚ wbqgvbyhvqx wbeÆvwPZ nGqwQGjv eGj bGo hvIqv e®¬ Kivi RbÅ LuywU I myZwj w`Gq ‰KvwaK Õ©vGb
Avwg gGb Kwi| LyuwU I MvQ KvQvKvwQ KGi ˆeuGa w`GZ nq| LyuwU ˆmvRv ev ˆVm
ev KÌmI nGZ cvGi, ‰GÞGò ‰KvwaK LyuwU jvMvGbv ˆhGZ
cÉk² 21 ˆkÉwYi KvR wnGmGe K‡wlwkÞv KÑvGmi wkÞv^Æxiv Pviv cvGi| mwVKfvGe Pvivq LyuwU euvavi KvRwU mÁ·®² Kivi ˆKŒkj
ˆivcY KvGRi avcmgƒGni wPò Aâb KGi Avbj| mKj wbÁ²i…c@
wPGòi gGaÅ wbGÁ²i wPò `ywU meGPGq my±`i nIqvq wkÞK ‰ i. Pviv ˆivcY I cvwb ˆmP ˆ`Iqvi ci LyuwU euvaGZ nq|
`ywUGK KÑvmi‚Ggi ˆ`IqvGj SzwjGq ivLGjb| ii. LyuwU euvGki ev MvGQi Wvj ev kvLv nGZ cvGi|
iii. LyuwU kÚ nGZ nGe hvGZ MvQwU aGi ivLGZ cvGi|
cwiÓ•vi Kiv RvqMv LuywU iv. LyuwUi Š`NÆÅ Pvivi DœPZvi cÉvq mgvb nGZ nq|
MvQ v. LyuwU gvwUi wbGP 30-40 ˆmwg cyuZGZ nq|
vi. LyuwUi mvG^ Pviv MvQ 3-4 Õ©vGb nvjKvfvGe big wPKb
B wkLbdj-6
iwk ev myZwj w`Gq euvaGZ nq|
K. DœP ˆK±`Ê ˆUÇwbs Kx? 1 vii. euvab nvjKvfvGe ^vKGZ nq ‰es ˆMvovi euvab wKQyUv
L. Wvj QuvUvBGqi ZxeËZvi wfwîGZ cwÉ‚ bs ‰i cÉKviGf` kÚ nGe|
D`vniYmn ˆjGLv| 2 Pvivq LyuwU bv euvaGj AGbK mgq evZvGm Pviv ˆnGj cGo| hv
Pvivi mwVKfvGe ˆeGo IVvi ˆÞGò cÉwZe®¬KZv m†wÓ¡ KGi|
M. wPò-1 ‰i ˆ`LvGbv avcwU eYÆbv KGiv| 3 DwÍÏwLZ ˆKŒkj AejÁ¼b KGi mwVKfvGe Pvivq LyuwU euvav hvq|
N. wPò-2 ‰ ˆh avcwU ˆ`LvGbv nGqGQ ˆmwU mwVKfvGe cÉk² 22 e†Þ ˆgjvq e†ÞGivcY I eGbi wewf®² DcGhvMxZv
mÁ·GKÆ RvbGZ ˆcGi Ave`jy Rwjj mvgvwRK ebvqGb
mÁ·®² Kivi ˆKŒkj AvGjvPbv KGiv| 4 AskMÉnGYi RbÅ gb wÕ©i KiGjb| ‰Kw`b wZwb e†Þ ˆgjvi
‰KwU ˆcvÕ¡vi ˆ`LGjb hvGZ Pviv ˆivcGYi ŠeævwbK c«¬wZi
21 bs cÉGk²i Dîi avcmgƒGni mswÞµ¦ eYÆbv iGqGQ| ˆcvÕ¡viwUGZ wZwb ‰KwU
ˆÕÏvMvb jÞ KiGjb hv nGjv@
K MvGQi ˆh ˆUÇwbs c«¬wZGZ cvk¼Æxq kvLv-cÉkvLv “mwVK Pviv I Zvi cƒeÆ cÉÕ§wZ, hvi dGj nGe eGbi D®²wZ” A
cÉGqvRbgGZv ˆQuGU w`Gq ÷ay cÉavb KvíwUGKB evoGZ ˆ`Iqv
nq ZvB DœP ˆK±`Ê ˆUÇwbs| wkLbdj-6
ebvqb 17
K. e†GÞi ˆWÈwms KvGK eGj? 1 AfvGe Pviv gviv ˆhGZ cvGi| ˆivcY Õ©vbwU wbPz nGj ˆmLvGb
Rvi‚j, gv±`vi, wk÷ cÉf‡wZ ˆivcY Kiv DwPZ ˆhb cvwb RgGj
L. DcGRjv chvÆ Gq K‡wl I e†Þ ˆgjvi DGókÅ ˆjGLv| 2 MvQ Zv mnÅ KiGZ cvGi| fwelÅGZ MvQGK Drcv`bkxj I
ˆivMevjvB gyÚ ivLGZ mGZR, mej, ˆivMgyÚ I ˆcvKvgyÚ Pviv
M. ˆcvÕ¡vGi eYÆbvK‡Z avcmgƒGni gGaÅ cÉ^gwU eÅvLÅv wbeÆvPb KiGZ nGe|
KGiv| 3 Avevi Pviv ˆivcGYi ˆÞGò wKQy cƒeÆ cÉÕ§wZgƒjK KvR KiGZ
nq| ˆhgb Pvivq AwZwiÚ cwigvGY ÷Kbv wkKo ^vKGj I
N. Ave`yj RwjGji jÞ Kiv ˆÕÏvMvbwUi gƒj eÚeÅ Kx ˆivMvKvÌ ¯¦ ev ˆcvKvKÌv¯¦ cvZv ^vKGj Zv ˆQuGU w`GZ nq, Pvivq
AwZwiÚ cvZv ev Kuzwo ^vKGj wKQy cwigvY ˆQuGU w`GZ nq ‰es
wQGjv? weGkÏlY KGiv| 4 Pviv ˆivcY Kivi AvGM nvjKv ˆivG` ˆiGL wKQyUv nvGWÆwbs
KGi ˆbIqv fvGjv|
22 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
Pviv wbeÆvPGb DwÍÏwLZ welq ˆgGb PjGj ‰es Pviv ˆivcGYi
K e†GÞi AvNvZcÉvµ¦ ÞZÕ©vGbi QòvKmn cPbkxj c`v^Æ ˆÞGò DÚ cƒeÆcÉÕ§wZgƒjK KvR KiGj ebvqb mdj Kiv
AcmviY KGi RxevYybvkK jvwMGq ˆ`IqvGK e†GÞi ÞZÕ©vb mnRZi nq| ZvB ejv hvq Ave`yj RwjGji ˆ`Lv ˆcvÕ¡viwUi
ˆWÈwms eGj| ˆÕÏvMvb h^v^Æ wQj|
L ˆh ˆgjvq K‡wl DcKiY cÉ`kÆYxi gvaÅGg e†GÞi Pviv cÉk² 23 Rwmg h^vh^ wbqGg ‰K eQi eqGmi gvSvwi
Drcv`b, e†ÞGivcY, msiÞY I myÓ¤z eÅenvGii AvMÉn m†wÓ¡i
cÉqvm PvjvGbv nq, ZvGK K‡wl I e†Þ ˆgjv eGj| AvKvGii 50wU ˆgnMwbi Pviv ˆivcY KGiGQb| wZwb MZÆ
DcGRjv chÆvGq K‡wl I e†Þ ˆgjvi DGókÅ nGjv ˆ`Gki mKj Lbb, mvi ˆ`qv, Pviv ˆivcYmn me ŠeævwbK c«¬wZGZ
Õ¦Gii ˆjvKRb cÉGqvRb AbymvGi MvQ msMÉn KiGZ cviGe,
mKj aiGbi Pviv cvIqv hvGe, ˆ`Gk bZzb bZzb K‡wl cÉhywÚ KGiGQb| ‰GZ A͸ Kq w`Gb Pviv eo nGqGQ| Aciw`GK,
Avbqb mÁ¿e nGe| ‰QvovI MÉvgxY chÆvGq gwnjvG`i AskMÉnY
e†w«¬ Kiv, MÉvGgi Zi‚Y-Zi‚YxG`i eb I cwiGek myiÞv Kwig mbvZb c«¬wZGZ Pviv ˆivcY Kivq Pviv eo nqwb|
mÁ·GKÆ AewnZ Kiv I KgÆmsÕ©vb m†wÓ¡ Kiv I RbMYGK
bZzb K‡wl eÅeÕ©vq DrmvwnZ Kiv ‰ ˆgjvi DGókÅ|
M wPò-1 ‰ Pviv ˆivcY KvGRi ˆh avcwU ˆ`LvGbv nGqGQ Zv Kwig eb wefvGMi civgGkÆ Pvivi cwiPhÆv Kivq Pviv wKQyUv
nGjv Õ©vb wbeÆvPb|
eo nGqGQ| B wkLbdj-6
Õ©vb wbeÆvPb Pviv ˆivcGYi cÉ^g avc| Pviv ˆivcY Kivi RbÅ
DcGhvMx Av`kÆ Õ©vGbi Rwg DuPz nGe hvGZ ebÅvi cvwb bv K. e†GÞi cÉ‚wbs Kx? 1
IGV| gvwUi eybU DeÆi ˆ`vAuvk nGe| Pviv ˆivcGYi RvqMvq
ˆKvGbv Qvqv ^vKGe bv I gvwU mywbÓ•vwkZ nGe| wbeÆvwPZ L. Rxe‹ewPòÅ msiÞGY eGbi f„wgKv eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2
Õ©vGb AwZwiÚ cvwb RGg ^vKGe bv| emZevwoGZ MvQ ˆivcY
KiGZ nGj duvKv DuPz Õ©vb wbeÆvPb KiGZ nGe| RvqMvwU M. Rwmg meàGjv MvGQ ˆgvU Kx cwigvY mvi KxfvGe
mƒhÆvGjvKhyÚ A^Ævr, cvnvo I emZevwoi `wÞY I cƒeÆ cvGk
nGj fvGjv nq| gvSvwi wbPz I wbPz RwgGZ Pviv ˆivcGYi ˆÞGò cÉGqvM KGiGQb weGkÏlY KGiv| 3
Rjve«¬Zv mnbkxj RvGZi Pviv wbeÆvPb KiGZ nGe| Pviv
ˆivcGYi Õ©vGbi mKj cÉKvi AvMvQv, ˆSvc, Rãj BZÅvw` N. RwmGgi I KwiGgi KvhKÆ Ìg ZzjbvgƒjK weGkÏlY
fvGjvfvGe cwiÓ•vi KGi ˆdjGZ nGe|
KGiv| 4
mvgvwRK ebvqbGK mdj KGi ˆZvjvi RbÅ DwÍÏwLZ welqàGjv
weGePbv KGi Õ©vb wbeÆvPb KiGZ nGe| 23 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
K MvQ cwicƒYÆ nIqvi ci MvQGK myÕ©, mej I Õ¼vfvweK
ivLv ‰es Drcv`b ÞgZv evovGbvi RbÅ MvGQi ˆKvb Ask
ˆhgb Kví, kvLv, cvZv, dzj, dj BZÅvw` ˆKGU AcmviY
KivGK e†GÞi cÉ‚wbs eGj|
N Ave`jy RwjGji jÞ Kiv ˆÕÏvMvbwU nGjv “mwVK Pviv I L wewf®² cÉKvi Dw«¿`, cÉvYx I AYyRxGei mwKqÌ DcwÕ©wZ,
Zvi cƒeÆ cÉÕ§wZ, hvi dGj nGe eGbi D®²wZ|”@ ‰ ˆÕÏvMvbwU weÕ¦‡wZ I cviÕ·wiK cÉvK‡wZK mylg mnveÕ©vGK Rxe‹ewPòÅ
«¼viv ebvqGbi mdjZvi ˆÞGò mwVK Pviv wbeÆvPb I Pvivi cƒeÆ eGj| Rxe‹ewPòÅ msiÞGY eb ài‚Z½cƒYÆ f„wgKv cvjb KGi|
cÉÕ§wZi ài‚Z½ ZzGj aiv nGqGQ|
MvQ I cÉvYxi R¯ÃÕ©vb, evmÕ©vb I esk weÕ¦vGii Õ©vb nGjv
mwVK Pviv wbeÆvPGbi ˆÞGò wKQy welq ˆgGb Pjv `iKvi| eb| eb RxGei Lv`Åk†›Lj iÞv KGi| Lv`Åk†›LGj weN³ NUGj
ˆhgb gvwUi ŠewkÓ¡Å Abyhvqx Pvivi cÉRvwZ wbeÆvPb KiGZ nq, Lv`Å Drcv`b nËvm cvGe| Avevi ebvçGj Rxe‹ewPGòÅi
KviY wf®² wf®² aiGbi gvwUGZ wf®² wf®² cÉRvwZi Pviv fvGjv fvimvgÅ wewNZ³ nGj ebÅcÉvYx Avevm ‰jvKvq PGj AvmGe|
RG¯Ã| Pviv ˆivcGYi Õ©vbwU QvqvhyÚ nGj ˆmLvGb Qvqv fwelÅGZi ŠRweK Drcv`bkxjZv iÞvG^Æ ebÅ RxGei ài‚Z½
mnbkxj Pviv wbeÆvPb KiGZ nq, Zv bv nGj chÆvµ¦ mƒhÆvGjvGKi AGbK ˆewk| eb AvGQ eGjB wewf®² cÉRvwZi Dw«¿`, c÷cvwL,
KxU-cZã I AYyRxe iGqGQ| eb bv ^vKGj ‰me Rxe‹ewPòÅ
a»sm nGq ˆhZ|
18 cvGéix m†Rbkxj K‡wlwkÞv w«¼Zxq cò ‰Kv`k-«¼v`k ˆkÉwY
M Rwmg ‰K eQi eqGmi gvSvwi AvKvGii 50wU ˆgnMwbi LyuwU w`Gq ˆeuGa ˆ`b| ˆivcGYi ci cvwb cvò w`Gq axGi axGi
Pviv ˆivcY KGiGQb| Pvivi ˆMvovq cwiwgZ cvwb ˆ`b| ‰QvovI ŠeævwbK c«¬wZ
AbymiY KGi wZwb wbqwgZ Pviv MvGQi cwiPhÆv KGib|
gvSvwi AvKvGii Pvivi RbÅ ˆm wbÁw² jwLZ nvGi mvi cÉGqvM wK¯§, Pviv ˆivcGYi ˆÞGò Kwig DÚ KvhÆKÌgmgnƒ AbymiY bv
Kivq Zvi PvivàGjv h^vh^ cywÓ¡ cvqwb weavq eo nqwb|
KGiGQ cieZxÆGZ eb wefvGMi civgkÆgZ cwiPhÆv Kivq wKQyUv eo
nq|
mvi cwigvY
DcwiDÚ AvGjvPbv nGZ ejv hvq, RwmGgi KvhKÆ ÌgwU wQj
ŠRe mvi 4 ˆKwR mwVK I weævbwfwîK| Aciw`GK KwiGgi KvhÆKÌg wQj
A‹eævwbK|
QvB 1 ˆKwR
BDwiqv 150 MÉvg
wU‰mwc 75 MÉvg
‰gIwc 50 MÉvg
ˆhGnZz Rwmg 50wU MvQ ˆivcY KGiGQb| ˆm wnGmGe ˆgvU cÉk² 24 Avwgb I bRi‚j `yB e®¬y e†Þ ˆgjv ˆ`LGZ hvq|
200 ˆKwR ŠRe mvi, 50 ˆKwR QvB, 7.5 ˆKwR BDwiqv,
3.75 ˆKwR wU‰mwc ‰es 2.5 ˆKwR ‰gIwc mvi cÉGqvM ‰K Õ¡Gj cÉPzi ˆjvGKi wfo ˆ`GL Zviv ‰wMGq hvq| ˆmLvGb
KGib| wZwb MZÆ Kivi mgq MGZÆi gvwU `y’fvGM fvM KGi
wbGqGQb| MGZiÆ DcGii w`GKi gvwU WvbcvGk ‰es wbGPi ‰KwU ej KÅvKUvm 90 nvRvi UvKv `vg KiGQ| ˆ`vKvGb
w`GKi gvwU evg cvGk ˆiGLGQb| cieZÆxGZ WvbcvGki gvwU
nGZ AvMvQv-wkKo AcmviY KGi ‰ gvwUi mvG^ BDwiqv wewf®² RvGZi KÅvKUvm I evnvwi MvQ ˆ`GL Avwgb D«¼y«¬ nq
eÅZxZ me mvi wgwkGq ˆmB gvwU 10-15 w`b ˆdGj ˆiGLGQb|
Pviv ˆivcGYi 2-3 w`b cƒGeÆ gvwUi mvG^ BDwiqv mvi ‰àGjv Pvl Kivi RbÅ| bRi‚j AvGgi Pvivi Õ¡Gj wMGq ˆ`GL
wgwkGqGQb| ˆKbbv ˆewkw`b AvGM cÉGqvM Kiv nGj BDwiqv
mvGii KvhKÆ vwiZv KGg hvq| meGkGl Pviv ˆivcGYi mgq ˆQvU MvGQ Avg aGi AvGQ| ˆm ‰Uv ˆ`GL AvKÓ‡ ¡ nGq 10wU
wZwb MZÆ ŠZwii DcGii Wvb w`GKi mvihyÚ gvwU wbGP I evg
w`GKi Abey Æi gvwU DcGii w`GK w`Gq MZÆ fivU KGiGQb| AvGgi Pviv KÌq KGi MZÆ ŠZwi, mvi cÉGqvM, Pviv ˆivcY mwVK
c«¬wZGZ KGi| DfGqB cieZÆxGZ mdj nGq K‡wlGK RxweKv
DcvRÆGbi Drm KGi| A wkLbdj-6 I 10
K. e†GÞi ˆWÈwms Kx? 1
L. e†GÞi cÉ‚wbs Kivi KviY eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2
A^vr, ŠeævwbK DcvGq Rwmg Zvi RwgGZ mwVK gvòvq I M. bRi‚j AvGgi Pviv KxfvGe ˆivcY KGiwQj weGkÏlY
mwVK c«¬wZGZ mvi cÉGqvM KGiGQb|
KGiv| 3
N Rwmg ‰K eQi eqGmi 50wU ˆgnMwb MvGQi Pviv N. Avwgb I bRi‚Gji mdj nIqvi welqwU gƒjÅvqb
ŠeævwbK c«¬wZGZ mwVKfvGe ˆivcY I cwiPhÆv KGi jvfevb
nb| Aciw`GK, Kwig Pviv ˆivcGY mbvZb c«¬wZ AejÁ¼b KGiv| 4
Kivq ÞwZMÕÉ © nb|
24 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
ebvqGb e†GÞi Pviv ˆivcY c«¬wZ Lye ài‚Zc½ ƒYÆ| ŠeævwbK
c«¬wZGZ e†GÞi Pviv ˆivcY KiGj e†GÞi `Ë‚Z e†w«¬ I àYMZ K e†GÞi Kví, kvLv I cÉkvLvi ÞZÕ©vGbi QòvKmn
gvb fvGjv nq| Pviv ˆivcGYi c«¬wZ I cwiPhÆv mwVK bv nGj cPbkxj c`v^Æ AcmviY KGi RxevYy msKÌgY cÉwZGivaK
Pviv gviv hvq ‰es Drcv`b eÅvnZ nq| Pviv ˆivcGYi cƒGeÆ jvwMGq ˆ`qvGK e†GÞi ˆWÈwms eGj|
DchyÚ Pviv evQvB KiGZ nq| Rwmg mGZR, mej, bxGivM
‰es ‰K eQi eqmx gvSvwi AvKvGii 50wU ˆgnMwbi Pviv L MvQ cwicƒYÆ nIqvi ci MvQGK myÕ©, mej I Õ¼vfvweK
wbeÆvPb KGiGQb| Pviv ˆivcGYi cƒGeÆB ˆm cÉwZwU Pvivi RbÅ ivLv ‰es Drcv`bÞgZv e†w«¬i RbÅ MvGQi ˆKvGbv Ask,
MZÆ LyuGo ‰es cÉwZwU MGZiÆ gvwUGK mgvb `yB fvGM fvM KGi ˆhgb: Kví, kvLv, dzj, dj BZÅvw` ˆKGU AcmviY KivGK
DcGii gvwU Wvb w`GK ‰es wbGPi gvwU evgw`GK ivGLb| Wvb cwÉ‚ bs eGj|
w`GKi gvwUi mvG^ BDwiqv eÅZxZ AbÅvbÅ mvi wbw`ÆÓ¡ cwigvGY
ˆhvM KGi 10-15 w`b ˆdGj ivGLb| BDwiqv mvi cÉGqvM KGi djMvGQ cwÉ‚ bs Kiv nGj e†GÞi AvKvi I AvKw‡ Z wVK ^vGK
Pviv ˆivcGYi 2-3 w`b cƒGeÆ| ‰icGi Pviv ˆ^GK cwjw^b ‰es ˆivM evjvB «¼viv AvKvÌ ¯¦ kvLv-cÉkvLv ˆQuGU ˆ`qvi dGj
ˆKGU ˆdGj ˆmB MGZÆ Pviv ˆivcY KGib| ˆivcGYi mgq mvi ˆivM I ˆcvKvi AvKgÌ b nq bv| dzj I dGji àbMZgvb D®²Z
wgwkÉZ Wvb w`GKi gvwU w`Gq MGZÆi wbGPi Ask I evgw`GKi nq, So ZzdvGb MvGQi ÞwZ nq bv| Drcv`b e†w«¬i RbÅ
gvwU w`Gq MGZÆi DcGii Ask cƒiY KGib| PvivMvQ hvGZ ‰KB kvLvq Nb KGi dj I dzj aiGj, ˆmGÞGò ˆQvU dj I
ˆnGj bv cGo ˆmRGbÅ cÉwZwU Pviv ‰KwU kÚ, eo I ˆmvRv dzj QuvUvB KGi w`GZ nGe hvGZ AbÅ dj I dzj eo nq|
AwaKvsk dj MvGQ dj aivi ci Kzuwk QuvUvB KiGj bZzb Kzuwk
MRvq ‰es bZzb Kzuwk ˆ^GK bZzb gyKzj aGi|
ebvqb 19
M bRi‚j h^vh^ c«¬wZ AbymiY KGi AvGgi Pviv ˆivcY K. cÉvwZÓ¤vwbK eb Kx? 1
KGi|
L. e†Þ ˆgjvi cÉwZwU Pvivq Kx Kx ˆjGej ^vKGZ cvGi
bRi‚j e†ÞGgjv ˆ^GK 10wU AvGgi Pviv KÌq KGi| AvGgi Pviv
KÌq Kivi ci 3-4 w`b PvivàGjvGK Qvqvq I 2-3 w`b ˆivG` Zvi ‰KwU bgybv `vI| 2
ˆiGL cvwb w`Gq nvGWÆwbs ev KÓ¡ mwnúz KGi ˆZvGj| Pvivi
AwZwiÚ ÷Kbv wkKo, ˆivMvKÌv¯¦ ev ˆcvKvKÌv¯¦ cvZv ˆQGU M. RyGqj ˆh c«¬wZwU Aâb KiGQ Zvi bxwZgvjv
ˆ`q| Pvivi AwZwiÚ Kuywo ˆQGU ˆ`q| ‰ici ˆm Pviv ˆivcGYi
RbÅ MZÆ ŠZwi KGi| MZÆ ŠZwii mgq MGZÆi DcGii w`GKi eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3
gvwU Wvb w`GK ‰es wbGPi gvwU evg w`GK ivGL| ‰ici 500
MÉvg QvB, 25 MÉvg wU‰mwc ‰es 25 MÉvg ‰gIwc MGZiÆ Wvb N. DwÍÏwLZ c«¬wZ `ywU ZzjbvgƒjK weGkÏlY KGiv| 4
w`GKi gvwUi mvG^ wgwkGq ˆ`q| Pviv ˆivcGYi 2-3 w`b AvGM
ˆmB gvwUi mvG^ 50 MÉvg BDwiqv cÉGqvM KGi| ‰ici 25 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
MZÆàGjvGZ Pviv ˆivcGYi mgq ˆm MGZÆi Wvb w`GKi mvi
wgwkÉZ gvwU wbGPi AsGk ‰es evg w`GKi gvwU DcGii AsGk K Awdm-Av`vjZ, wkÞv, agÆxq I mvgvwRK cÉwZÓ¤vGbi
w`Gq MZÆ fivU KGi| ‰ici ˆm cÉwZwU PvivGK ‰KwU kÚ Avwãbvq I gvGVi cvGk dj`, KvÓ¤j I ˆkvfveaÆbKvix wewf®²
LyuwUi mvG^ AvjGZvfvGe ˆeuGa ˆ`q| meGkGl Pvivi ˆMvovq cÉRvwZi MvQ jvwMGq ŠZwi Kiv ebB nGjv cÉvwZÓ¤vwbK eb|
nvjKv cvwb w`Gq ˆmP ˆ`q|
L e†Þ ˆgjvi ‰KwU KvwiMwi Dcv`vb nGjv Pvivq ˆjGej
A^Ævr, MvGQi h^vh^ e†w«¬ I cywÓ¡ mvaGb bRi‚j DwÍÏwLZ jvMvGbv| ‰i dGj `kÆbv^xÆ I ˆKÌZviv mnGRB cÉ`wkÆZ PvivwU
ŠeævwbK DcvGq AvGgi Pviv ˆivcY KGi| mÁ·GKÆ aviYv cvb|
N e†GÞi A^Æ‹bwZK Pvwn`v Abyaveb I ŠeævwbK c«¬wZGZ e†ÞGgjvi cÉwZwU Pvivq ˆjGej wnGmGe ^vKGZ cvGi@
e†GÞi Pviv ˆivcY I cwiPhÆvi KviGY Avwgb I bRi‚j mdjZv 1. Pvivi bvg
jvf KGi| 2. RvZ
3. D«¿vebKvix cÉwZÓ¤vGbi bvg
evsjvG`k K‡wlcÉavb ˆ`k nIqvq ‰G`Gk K‡wl dmGji Pvwn`v 4. Pvivi eqm
memgq wQj| Aciw`GK evsjvG`k myRjv-mydjv ˆ`k wnGmGe 5. mZKÆZv
cwiwPZ| ‰KwU ˆ`Gki ˆgvU AvqZGbi kZKiv 25 fvM 6. AbÅvbÅ welq|
ebf„wg ^vKv AZxe Ri‚wi| ÷ay cwiGekMZ KviGYB e†Þ
ài‚Zc½ ƒYÆ bq, ‰i A^Æ‹bwZK Mi‚Z½I Acwimxg| M RyGqj c‚wÉ bs Kivi c«¬wZwU Aâb KiGQ|
e†Þ ˆgjvq cÉ`wkÆZ ej KÅvKUvGmi Avw^ÆK gƒjÅ AvGjvPbv MvQ cwicƒYÆ nIqvi ci MvQGK myÕ©, mej I Õ¼vfvweK ivLv
KiGj welqwU mnGR Abyaveb Kiv hvq| ‰wU e†GÞi
A^Æ‹bwZK gƒGjÅi ‰KwU D`vniY gvò| wewf®² RvGZi ‰es Drcv`bÞgZv evovGbvi RbÅ MvGQi ˆKvGbv Ask ˆhgb
KÅvKUvm AvRKvj bv±`wbK ˆmŒ±`hÆ eaÆGb eÅen†Z nGœQ| dGj Kví, kvLv, cvZv BZÅvw` ˆKGU AcmviY KivB nGjv cwÉ‚ bs|
evwYwRÅK wfwîGZ ‰àGjvi A^Æ‹bwZK ài‚Z½ I Drcv`b c‚wÉ bs Kivi wKQy bxwZgvjv iGqGQ| ˆhgb-
evoGQ| Avevi Avg MvQ jvMvGbvi dGj Avgiv dj cvwœQ, @ cwÉ‚ bs Kivi AvGM MvGQi ˆZR, eqm, djaviY cÉK‡wZ,
Wvjcvjv R¾vjvwb wnGmGe eÅen†Z nGœQ| Avwgb I bRi‚j e†Þ
ˆgjv cwi`kÆb KGi ‰B ài‚Z½ Lye fvGjvfvGe Abyaveb KGiGQ| RvZ, cyÓ·aviY c«¬wZ RvbGZ nq| MvGQi cÉ‚wbsRwbZ
÷ay ZvB bq, Zviv ‰wUGK AZů¦ ài‚GZ½i mvG^ weGePbv KGi AvNvZ mnÅ Kivi ÞgZv KZUzKz ZvI Rvbv AvekÅK|
hGði mvG^ Pviv ˆivcY I cwiPhÆv KGiGQ| @ cwÉ‚ bs ‰i mgq I ˆgŒmyg mÁ·GKÆ aviYv ^vKGZ nq|
AmgGq cwÉ‚ bs KiGj MvGQi ÞwZ nq, ‰gbwK g†ZzÅI nGZ
AZ‰e ejv hvq, e†ÞGgjv cGivÞfvGe Avwgb I bRi‚jGK cvGi|
mdj nGZ mnvqZv KGiGQ| @ MvGQi cvk¼ÆkvLvmgnƒ mw®¬Õ©j nGZ mvgvbÅ DcGi ‰es
cÉ^Gg wbGPi w`GK ‰KUz ˆKGU Zvici DcGii w`K nGZ
cÉk² 25 i‚Gej ‰KwU eo AvUÆ ˆccvGii MvGQi cÉ‚wbs Kivi KvUv ˆkl KiGZ nq| KwZÆZ Ask me mgq gmY† nGZ nq
c«¬wZwU Aâb KiGQ| RyGqj AbÅ ‰KwU AvUÆGccvGi ˆUÇwbs ‰es MvGQi ˆfZGii w`GK Xvjy nGZ nq|
Kivi c«¬wZwU Aâb KGiGQ| AvMvgxKvj KGjGR ˆUÇwbs I @ me mgq myÕ© mej Kzuwo ev ceÆmw®¬i ‰KUz DcGi QuvUvB
cwÉ‚ bs ‰i Ici Aâb Kiv ˆcvÕ¡vi Rgv w`GZ nGe| KiGZ nq|
@ cwÉ‚ bs ‰i h¯¨cvwZ avivGjv I cwiÓ•vi-cwiœQ®² nGZ nq|
A wkLbdj-7 @ cwÉ‚ bs ‰i mgq giv, Avavgiv, `yeÆj, KxUhyÚ, ˆnGj cov
Wvjcvjv AekÅB AcmviY KiGZ nq|
DwÍÏwLZ bxwZgvjv weGePbv KGi mwVKfvGe cÉ‚wbs Kiv nGj MvQ
ˆ^GK meÆvwaK djb ˆcGq jvfevb nIqv hvq|
20 cvGéix m†Rbkxj K‡wlwkÞv w«¼Zxq cò ‰Kv`k-«¼v`k ˆkÉwY
N DóxcGK gvmyGgi ˆ`Lv ˆgjvwU nGjv K‡wl I e†ÞGgjv| A ‰ aiGbi ebvçj cÉK‡wZMZ KviGY AGbK DeÆi I Rxe‹ewPòÅ
mÁ·®² nq| ‰ aiGbi cÉavb cÉavb e†GÞi ˆfZi iGqGQ my±`wi,
ˆh ˆgjvq D®Z² K‡wl cÉhywÚ I K‡wl DcKiY, h^v exR, mvi, ˆMIqv, Mivb, evBb, ˆMvjcvZv, ˆnvMjv BZÅvw`| evN, wPòv
evjvBbvkK, ˆmP h¯¨cvwZ ‰es ebR mÁ·` mÁ·KÆxq wewf®² nwiY, evbi, Kzwgi BZÅvw` ‰ eGbi cÉavb caÉ vb cÉvYx|
cÉ`kÆbxi gvaÅGg e†GÞi Pviv Drcv`b, ˆivcY, msiÞY I myÓ¤z
eÅenvGii AvMÉn m†wÓ¡i cÉqvm PvjvGbv nq ZvGK K‡wl I M Rwni Ave»vGmi KgÆKvíwU nGjv e†GÞi cwÉ‚ bs|
e†ÞGgjv eGj|
MvQ cwicƒYÆ nIqvi ci MvQGK myÕ©, mej I Õ¼vfvweK ivLv
K‡wl I e†ÞGgjvi DGókÅmgƒn nGjv ‰es Drcv`b e†w«¬i jGÞÅ e†GÞi kvLv-cÉkvLv, gƒj, cvZv,
1. e†ÞGivcGY MYmGPZbZv m†wÓ¡ Kiv|
2. K‡wl cÉhywÚ I wewf®² cÉKvi e†Þ cÉRvwZi cwiwPwZ ‰es dzj, dj BZÅvw`i AcÉGqvRbxq Ask QuvUvB KivB nGjv cwÉ‚ bs|
cÉGqvRbxqZv ZzGj aiv| e†GÞi cwÉ‚ bs 4 fvGe Kiv hvq (i) kvLv QuvUvB (ii) cvZv QuvUvB
3. bZzb D«¿vweZ e†Þ I dmGji RvZ cÉ`kÆb Kiv ‰es D®²Z
(iii) gƒj QuvUvB ‰es (iv) dzj I dj QuvUvB|
h¯¨cvwZi eÅenvi I ŠZwi mÁ·GKÆ evÕ¦e ævb ˆ`qv|
4. e†Þ I K‡wl welqK wewf®² cÉwZÓ¤vGbi mvG^ cwiwPZ Kiv| cwÉ‚ bs Kivi AvGM ˆKvGbv MvGQi ˆZR, eqm I dj aviY
5. RbMGYi Pvwn`v Abyhvqx I gvbmÁÃZ dj, KvV, dzj I
cÉK‡wZ, RvZ, cyÓ· aviY BZÅvw` ˆRGb ˆbqv nq| mvaviYZ
ˆmŒ±`heÆ aÆK Pviv mieivn Kiv|
6. e†ÞGivcY I cwiPhÆv mÁ·KÆxq AvaywbK I ŠeævwbK Z^Å ˆQvU I A͸ eqÕ• MvGQi ˆejvq nvjKv ‰es eo I eqÕ•
mieivn Kiv| MvGQi ˆejvq fvix cwÉ‚ bs Kiv nq| cwÉ‚ bs ‰i RbÅ me mgq
7. cwiGek mÁ·KÆxq Z^Åvw` mieivn I ebvqGbi wewf®²
avivGjv I cwiÓ•vi-cwiœQ®² h¯¨cvwZ eÅenvi Kiv nq| myÕ©
gGWj mÁ·GKÆ aviYv ˆ`qv|
8. mGeÆvcwi e†Þ I K‡wli cÉPvi, cÉmvi, D®²qb Z^v ˆ`Gki mej Kzuwo ev ceÆ mw®¬i ‰KUz DcGi cwÉ‚ bs Kiv nq| MvGQi
Av^ÆmvgvwRK D®²qb NUvGbv| cvk¼ÆkvLvmgnƒ mw®¬Õ©j nGZ mvgvbÅ DcGi ‰es cÉ^Gg wbGPi
AZ‰e, K‡wl I e†ÞGgjv gvbylGK kmÅ I e†Þ ˆivcGY AvMÉnx w`GK ‰KUz ˆKGU Zvici DcGii w`K nGZ KvUv ˆkl KiGZ
KGi ZzjGZ ‰es ‰ mÁ·wKÆZ mKj Z^Å ˆcGZ mvnvhÅ KGi|
nq| KwZÆZ Ask memgq gmY† I MvGQi wfZGii w`GK Xvjy
nGZ nGe| hLb MvGQi eo Wvj KvUv nq ZLb cÉ^Gg DÚ
WvGji wbGPi AsGk ‰gbfvGe KvUGZ nq ˆhb evKj ˆKGU
KvGVi 1 ˆKGU hvq| cGi DcGii w`GK 1 Bwç `ƒGi KvUGZ
4
cÉk² 26 Rwni Ave»vm eQi `yGqK AvGM Zvi evwoi cvGk nq| KvUv AsGk ˆcvKv gvKo I ˆivMRxevYy ˆivGa AvjKvZiv,
‰KwU ˆgnMwb evMvb KGib| eZÆgvGb Zvi evMvGbi MvQàGjv QòvKbvkK ev is jvwMGq w`GZ nq| cwÉ‚ bs ‰i ‰gb mgq
cwicƒYÆ nGq ˆeGo DGVGQ| wZwb evMvGbi MvQàGjvi cwiPhvÆ KiGZ nq ˆhb KvUvi ci 3-4 N¥Ÿv ÷Ó• I ˆiŒG`vË äj¾ ^vGK,
Kivi DGóGkÅ MvQGK myÕ©, mej I Õ¼vfvweK ivGLb ‰es ‰GZ KGi ÞZÕ©vb `Ë‚Z ÷wKGq ˆhGZ cvGi|
Drcv`b evovGbvi RbÅ MvGQi Kví, cvZv, dzj, dj BZÅvw` mvaviYZ MvGQ Kzuwk Drcv`b Kg nGj ‰es AwZwiÚ kvLv
m†wÓ¡i cÉGqvRb nGj cwÉ‚ bs Kiv nq| ‰i dGj bZzb bZzb kvLv
ˆKGU AcmviY KGib| MvGQ ÞZ ˆ`Lv w`Gj wZwb ÞZÕ©vb m†wÓ¡ nq ‰es djb e†w«¬ cvq|
cwiÓ•vi KGi ivGLb| A wkLbdj-7
K. Rxe‹ewPòÅ Kx? 1 N DóxcGK MvGQi ÞZÕ©vb cwiÓ•vi Kivi RbÅ Rwni
Ave»vm e†GÞi ÞZÕ©vb ˆWÈwms KGib| MvGQi ÞZÕ©vb ˆ^GK
L. gÅvbGMÉvf eb ejGZ Kx ˆevS? 2 cPbkxj `ËeÅ AcmviY KGi RxevYy msKÌgY cÉwZGivaK jvwMGq
ˆ`IqvB nGjv ÞZÕ©vb ˆWÈwms|
M. DóxcGKi Rwni Ave»vGmi KgÆKvíwU Kx? eÅvLÅv
ÞZÕ©vb ˆWÈwms ‰i ˆÞGò Rwni avivGjv Qywii mvnvGhÅ
KGiv| 3 AvNvZcÉvµ¦ Õ©vGbi evKj ZzGj cwiÓ•vi KGi ˆbb| KvUv Õ©vb
`Ë‚Z wVK Kivi RbÅ 100 MÉvg Pzb, 100 MÉvg ZGzu Z I 1 wjUvi
N. DóxcGK MvGQi ÞZÕ©vb cwiÓ•vi Kivi RbÅ Rwni cvwbi mg®¼Gq ˆevG`ÆvwgÝvi ŠZwi KGi KvUv Õ©vGb jvMvb|
AvNvZcÉvµ¦ Õ©vGb ˆivMRxevYy I ˆcvKvgvKGoi AvKgÌ Y
Ave»vm Kx KGib? cÉwKÌqvwU ‰es ‰i ài‚Z½ weGkÏlY cÉwZGivGa RxevYybvkK I KxUbvkK cÉGqvM KGib| ‰Qvov
ÞZÕ©vGb KvGjv isGqi cÉGjc ˆ`b| ˆcwÕ¡mvBW ŠZwii ˆÞGò
KGiv| 4 wZwb KGÁ·wbqb Ilya «¼viv ˆcÕ¡ evwbGq ÞZÕ©vGb jvMvb|
MvQ ˆewk ÞwZMÉÕ¦ nGj cÉwZ wjUvi cvwbGZ 2 MÉvg wgwkGq ˆÕ·É
26 bs cÉGk²i Dîi KGib| ˆcwÕ¡mvBW ŠZwii ˆÞGò wbGÁv² Ú c¯©vàGjv AejÁ¼b
KGiv, ˆhgb- ˆevG`Æv ˆcÕ¡, mgcwigvY ZuZz I Pzb «¼viv AÁÏ
K Rxe‹ewPòÅ nGjv wewf®² cÉKvi cÉvYx, Dw«¿` I AYyRxGei
cÉvK‡wZK DcwÕ©wZ, weÕ¦‡wZ, AvbycvwZK I cviÕ·wiK
mnveÕ©vb|
L mgy`Ë DcK„jeZÆx AçGji weGkl cÉKvi Dw«¿`, hviv
mgyG`Ëi ˆRvqvi-fvUv «¼viv µÏvweZ nq ‰es jeYvÚ cwj I K`Æg
mwäZ ‰jvKvq RG¯Ã ZvG`iGK gÅvbGMÉvf I ‰G`i «¼viv m†Ó¡
ebGK gÅvbGMÉvf eb eGj|
ebvqb 21
cÉkgb ŠZwi KiGeb| KÅvewiIUc ev KvGeÆ´£vwRg 3 MÉvg/wj N DóxcGK DwÍÏwLZ e†ÞGgjvi Dcv`vbàGjv nGjv ˆgjvi
cvwb nvGi ŠZwi KGib| weÐUÝ ev Kcvi AwÝGKvÑ ivBW 50 mvsMVwbK, eÅeÕ©vcbv I KvwiMwi Dcv`vb| ˆgjv mdj
WweÐDwc 5 MÉvg/wj cvwbGZ ŠZwi KGib| ixfv 2.5 Bwm ev nIqvi RbÅ ‰ wZbwU welGqi mg®¼q mvab AZů¦ ài‚Zc½ ƒYÆ|
WvmÆevb 20 Bwm 2 wgwj/wj cvwbGZ ŠZwi KGi cÉGqvM KGib| ˆgjvi AvGqvRKiv ‰àGjvi gGaÅ mg®¼q KiGZ cvivq
ÞZÕ©vb ˆWÈwms KiGj MvGQi cPb ˆiva nq, kvLv-cÉkvLv gGi AbyÓ¤vGbi eÚviv ZvG`i cÉksmv KGib|
hvIqv ˆ^GK iÞv cvq, ˆivGMi weÕ¦vi ˆiva nq, KvGVi àYMZ
gvb evGo I e†w«¬ AeÅvnZ ^vGK| dGj A^Æ‹bwZKfvGe Rwni ˆgjvi mvsMVwbK, eÅeÕ©vcbv I KvwiMwi Dcv`vb Avevi wKQy
Ave»vm jvfevb nGZ cvGib|
KgÆKvGí wefÚ| ˆhgb mvsMVwbK Dcv`vGbi gGaÅ iGqGQ
cÉk² 27 RvZxq e†Þ ˆgjv 2018 ‰i cÉ^g w`Gbi AvGjvPbv ˆgjvi RbÅ DchyÚ Õ©vb wbeÆvPb, wbeÆvwPZ Õ©vGbi cÉGqvRbxq
D®²qb Kiv ‰es Õ©vbwUGK Avjv`v Kivi RbÅ Pviw`GK ˆeÓ¡bx
AbyÓ¤vGb eÚviv ‰ ˆgjvi DGókÅ mÁ·GKÆ eÚeÅ ivGLb| ˆkl ŠZwi Kiv| Õ©vb wbeÆvPGbi ci ˆgjvi RbÅ DchyÚ mgq I
w`Gbi AvGjvPbvq ˆewkifvM eÚvB ˆgjvi mvsMVwbK, ZvwiL wbaÆviY Kiv| ˆhgb QywUi w`Gb ˆjvK mgvMg ˆewk
nGq ^vGK| ZvB QywUi w`Gb ˆgjv DcÕ©vcGbi ˆPÓ¡v Kiv|
eÅeÕ©vcbv I KvwiMwi Dcv`vbàGjvi mwVK mg®¼Gqi RbÅ Avevi elÆKvj e†ÞGivcGYi Dîg mgq, ZvB elÆKvGj ˆgjv
AbywÓ¤Z nGj ˆgjvi DGókÅ mdj nIqvi mÁ¿vebv AGbK ˆewk
AvGqvRKG`i cÉksmv KGib| A wkLbdj-8 I 9 ^vGK| ‰Qvov AbÅvbÅ welGqi gGaÅ iGqGQ Õ¡Gji hGy MvcGhvMx
bKkv ŠZwi Kiv| ivGZi ˆejvq AvKlÆYxq Kivi RbÅ AvGjvi
K. wòdjv Kx? 1 eÅeÕ©v Kiv| ˆgjvi DG«¼vabx I mgvwµ¦ AbÓy ¤vb Kiv| ˆgjvi
eÅeÕ©vcbv Dcv`vGbi gGaÅ iGqGQ Õ¡j eivóKiY, PzwÚ
L. moK-euvGa ebvqGbi RbÅ wbeÆvwPZ MvQ ˆKgb nIqv mÁ·v`b I ˆKZÌ vG`i myweavi RbÅ cÉwZwU Õ¡Gj eÅvLÅvKvix
ivLv| hvGZ KGi Zviv ˆhGKvGbv Z^Å Lye mnGR ˆcGZ cvGi|
DwPZ? 2 ˆgjv mÁ·GKÆ mevi AvMÉn m†wÓ¡ Kivi RbÅ Õ¡Gji KvhKÆ ÌGgi
wfwîGZ cyiÕ•vGii AvGqvRb Kiv| ‰Qvov `kÆbv^ÆxG`i myweavi
M. ˆgjvi cÉ^g w`Gbi AvGjvPbv AbyÓ¤vGbi eÚGeÅi RbÅ Õ¼vÕ©ÅGK±`Ê, Pv cvGbi Õ¡j I ˆMGU wbivcîvi eÅeÕ©v
Kiv| ˆgjvi KvwiMwi Dcv`vGbi gGaÅ iGqGQ Õ¡Gj MvQ I
welqwU eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3 Pvivi webÅvm mwVKfvGe Kiv I ZvG`i ‰gbfvGe mvRvGbv
hvGZ KGi Lye mnGR `kÆbv^ÆxG`i ˆPvGL cGo| PvivàGjvGK
N. AvGqvwRZ ˆgjvwUGK mdj I KvhÆKi KiGZ DwÍÏwLZ mGZR I mej ivLvi RbÅ ˆmàGjvGK wbqwgZ cwiPhÆv Kiv|
PvivàGjvGK ˆhb Lye mnGR kbvÚ Kiv hvq ‰RbÅ ‰àGjvi
Dcv`vbàGjvi mwVK mg®¼Gqi ài‚Z½ weGkÏlY KGiv|4 MvGq ˆjGewjs Kiv|
27 bs cÉGk²i Dîi
AvGjvPbvi Dcv`vbàGjvi mwVK mg®¼q mvwaZ nGj e†ÞGgjv
K AvgjKx, eGniv I nwiZKx ‰KGò wòdjv bvGg cwiwPZ| mdj I KvhÆKi nGe| ˆKbbv Dcv`vbàGjvi mwVK mg®¼Gqi
dGj RbmvaviY ˆgjv ˆ^GK wewf®² Z^Å mnGR ˆcGq DcK‡Z
L moK euvGa ebvqGbi RbÅ ˆewk ‰jvKvRyGo gƒj ev wkKo nGe ‰es ˆgjvi cwÉ Z AvMÉnx nGq DVGe| ZvB ‰B wZbwU
^vGK ‰gb MvQ DchyÚ| Dcv`vGbi mg®¼q mvab AZů¦ ài‚Z½cƒYÆ|
‰QvovI euvGai `ycvGk AbyœP I Kg kvLv mÁ·®² MvQ jvMvGbv
DwPZ| ‰i dGj gvwUi ÞqGiva nGe| Avevi euvGai cvGk MvQ
jvMvGbvi ˆÞGò ˆhme MvGQi cvZv ˆMv-Lv`Å wnGmGe eÅenvi
Kiv hvq, ˆmme MvQ wbeÆvPb Kiv `iKvi| KviY ebÅvi mgq
‰me euva M†ncvwjZ c÷i AvkÉqÕ©j wnGmGe eÅenvi Kiv nq|
M DóxcGK DwÍÏwLZ ˆgjv nGjv e†Þ ˆgjv| ‰B ˆgjvi cÉk² 28 Bgvgyj K‡wl ˆgjvq wMGq bvbvb aiGbi D®Z² RvGZi
DGókÅ wbGP eYÆbv Kiv nGjv B dmj, ˆcvwΟÈ, Mevw` c÷ I grmÅ ˆ`GL Avbw±`Z nGjv| ˆm
i. RvZxq e†Þ ˆgjv DcjGÞÅ iÅvwj I AvGjvPbv AbyÓ¤vGbi
cÉKví AvKvGii Kzgov I jvD ˆ`Lj| Avevi wewf®² RvGZi
AvGqvRb Kiv|
ii. RvZxq e†Þ ˆgjvi cÉPvGii RbÅ ˆiwWI, ˆUwjwfkb, eo eo Kzj I ˆcqviv ˆ`Lj| ‰me ˆ`GL ˆm K‡wlKvGRi cÉwZ
còcwòKv I AbÅvbÅ cÉPvi gvaÅGg cÉKvk Kiv| AvMÉnx nGjv| A wkLbdj- 8 I 9
iii. wei…c Rjevqyi cÉfve ˆgvKvGejvq eb I ebvqGbi f„wgKv
K. mvgvwRK ebvqb KvGK eGj? 1
mÁ·GKÆ RvbvGbv|
iv. wewf®² dj`, ebR MvGQi cvkvcvwk wewf®² Jlwa MvGQi L. Pviv ˆivcGYi RbÅ MZÆ ŠZwii ˆKŒkj eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2
ˆivcY, cwiPhÆv I DcKvwiZv mÁ·GKÆ eÚeÅ ivLv| M. DóxcGKi ˆgjvq wbeÆvwPZ cÉRvwZi ŠewkÓ¡ÅàGjv
v. e†Þ ˆivcYGK wbw`ÆÓ¡ mxgvq mxgve«¬ bv ˆiGL mviv eQi
AvGjvPbv KGiv| 3
hvGZ gvbyl e†Þ ˆivcY KGi ˆm welGq RbMYGK
DrmvwnZ Kiv| N. evsjvG`Gki ˆcÉÞcGU BgvgyGji ˆ`Lv ˆgjvi ài‚Z½
vii. ˆgjv DcjGÞ wPòvâb I iPbv cÉwZGhvwMZvi AvGqvRb
Kiv| gƒjÅvqb KGiv| 4
viii. ˆgjvi gvaÅGg meÆGkÉÓ¤ Õ¡j gvwjK I cÉwZÓ¤vbGK cyi‚Õ•‡Z
Kiv|
22 cvGéix m†Rbkxj K‡wlwkÞv w«¼Zxq cò ‰Kv`k-«¼v`k ˆkÉwY
28 bs cÉGk²i Dîi N evsjvG`Gki ˆcÉÞvcGU BgvgyGji ˆ`Lv K‡wl ˆgjv AGbK
ài‚Z½ enb KGi|
K ebR mÁ·` e†w«¬ I RbMGYi KjÅvGY RbMGYi mivmwi
AskMÉnGYi gvaÅGg I miKvGii KvwiMwi ‰es Avw^ÆK ‰KwU ˆ`Gki K‡wli D®q² b, cwiGek msiÞiY, `vwi`ËÅ weGgvPb
mnvqZvq mvgvwRK ‰jvKvq (cÉvw¯¦K I cwZZ Rwg) ˆh ebvqb I KgÆmsÕ©vb m†wÓ¡GZ K‡wl Drcv`b I e†ÞGivcGYi ài‚Z½
Kiv nq ZvGK mvgvwRK ebvqb eGj| Acwimxg|
L Pviv ˆivcGYi 15-20 w`b cƒGeÆ MZÆ Lbb KiGZ nq| MZÆ K‡wl ˆgjvq exR Drcv`b I msiÞGY D®²Z c«¬wZi eÅenvi,
ŠZwii ˆKŒkj wbÁ²i…c nGe dj-dzj I kvKmewRi cÉwKÌqvRvZKiGY AvaywbK c«¬wZ,
1. cÉ^Gg Pvivi cÉRvwZ wnGmGe MGZÆi Š`NÆÅ I cÉÕ© ˆgGc dmj Drcv`b, msiÞiY, gvovB cÉhywÚi cÉ`kÆbx Kiv nGq
^vGK| RbMYGK mgw®¼Z Lvgvi (dmj/c÷cvwL/gvQ)
wbGZ nq| eÅeÕ©vcbv ‰es ‰i DcKvwiZv mÁ·GKÆ evÕ¦e ævb ˆ`Iqv
2. MZÆ LbbKvGj DcGii DeÆi gvwU MGZiÆ ‰K cvGk ivLGZ nq| kmÅ msiÞGY cwiGekev®¬e ŠRweK c«¬wZ eÅeÕ©vcbv
mÁ·GKÆ aviYv ˆ`Iqv nq|
nq| ZvGK MGZÆi cÉ^g gvwU ejv nq|
3. MGZiÆ wbGPi gvwU MGZiÆ AbÅ cvGk ivLGZ nq| ‰GK K‡lKG`i AvaywbK ‰es hvw¯¨K c«¬wZGZ PvlvevG` DrmvwnZ
Kiv, cyiÕ•vi weZiGYi gvaÅGg K‡wlKvGR K‡lKG`i Drmvn
MGZÆi w«¼Zxq gvwU eGj| Dóxcbv e†w«¬ Kiv nq K‡wl ˆgjvi gvaÅGg| ‰ ˆgjvi gvaÅGg
4. DcGii gvwU ˆ^GK me aiGbi AveRÆbv I wkKo evQvB wewf®² ˆKvÁ·vwbGK ZvG`i cÉÕ§ZK‡Z K‡wl DcKiY I h¯¨cvwZ
evRviRvZKiGY DrmvwnZ Kiv nq| D«¿vweZ cÉhywÚmgGƒ ni
KiGZ nq| mydj ˆ`Gki Avcvgi RbMYGK AewnZ Kiv nq ‰es ‰me
5. ˆLvov gvwUàGjv kÚ I ˆXjvi gGZv nGj MuyGov KGi wbGZ D®²Z I AvaywbK cÉhywÚmgnƒ RbmvaviYGK MÉnY I AejÁ¼Gb
DrmvwnZ Kiv nq| gvGQi D®²Z RvZ PvlvevG`i KjvGKŒkj
nq| RvbvGbv nq|
6. ‰evi MGZÆi ZjG`Gki gvwU nvjKvfvGe KzwcGq big KGi
‰me KvhÆKÌGgi gvaÅGg ˆ`Gki AvbvGP-KvbvGP ^vKv K‡lK I
w`GZ nq| DG`ÅvÚvG`i gvGS bZzb dmj, cÉRvwZ I cÉhywÚ mÁ·GKÆ aviYv
7. MGZiÆ cvk¼ÆG`k kvej ev ˆKvGbv LbbKvix h¯¨ «¼viv mgvb ˆ`Iqv hvq| ‰GZ Zviv Drcv`Gb AviI gGbvGhvMx nq| dGj
ˆ`Gki K‡wl Drcv`b e†w«¬ cvq I RvZxq A^ÆbxwZ mg†«¬ nq|
KGi w`GZ nq| ZvB ejv hvq, evsjvG`Gki ˆcÉÞvcGU BgvgyGji ˆ`Lv K‡wl ˆgjv
8. Pvivi AvKvi Abmy vGi MGZÆi AvKvi wbÁ²i…c nGZ nq| eÅvcK ài‚Z½ enb KGi|
eo AvKvGi MvQ : 90 ˆmwg 90 ˆmwg 90 ˆmwg
gvSvix AvKvGii MvQ : 70 ˆmwg 70 ˆmwg 70 ˆmwg cÉk² 29 AvGbvqvi I ‰g`v` `yRbB bZzb bvmÆvwi gvwjK|
ˆQvU AvKvGi MvQ : 50 ˆmwg 50 ˆmwg 50 ˆmwg
Zviv DfGqB MZKvj ÷i‚ nIqv ZvG`i DcGRjvi e†Þ ˆgjvq
M DóxcGK Bgvgyj K‡wl ˆgjvq wMGqwQj|
Õ¡j w`GqGQ| `yRGbiB Õ¼µ² e†Þ ˆgjvq ˆkÉÓ¤ Õ¡Gji cyiÕ•vGii
wbGP K‡wl ˆgjvi DcGhvMx cÉRvwZi ŠewkÓ¡Å eYÆbv Kiv nGjv
1. Ddkx RvGZi gvV dmj : meÆGkl AvweÓ•‡Z ‰es DœP AwaKvix nGe| ˆm Abyhvqx Zviv KvhÆKÌg ÷i‚ KGi| AvGbvqvi
djbkxj gvV dmGji exR wbeÆvPb Kiv nq| ˆhgb weË Zvi Õ¡Gj RbMGYi cQ±`gvwdK mKj e†GÞi Pvivi mgvGivn
avb 80, evsjvgwZ, evwi Mg 25 BZÅvw`|
2. D®²Z RvGZi D`Åvb dmj: wewf®² D®Z² I ˆewk djbkxjb NUvb; wK¯§ ‰g`v` ÷ay ebR I dj` e†GÞi Pviv ivGLb|
D`Åvb dmGji Pviv wbeÆvPb Kiv nq| ˆhgb evwi Avg-4,
evwi Avg 6, evwi ˆcqviv 2, evDKzj 3 BZÅvw`| Avevi AvGbvqvi mKj cÉRvwZi Dw«¿G`i ŠeævwbK bvgmn
3. D®Z² RvGZi ˆcvwΟÈ: wWg Drcv`bKvix I gvsm
Drcv`bKvix wewf®² RvGZi nuvm-gyiwMi wbeÆvPb Kiv nq| Õ©vbxq bvgdjK Õ©vcb ‰es ZvG`i wewf®² eÅenvi mÁ·GKÆ
D®²Z RvGZi gyiwMi gGaÅ ˆjMnbÆ, ˆivW AvBjÅv´£ ˆiW,
dvDwg, AÕ¡ÈvjcÆ BZÅvw` ‰es nvu Gmi gGaÅ LuvwK KÅvÁ·Gej, aviYv cÉ`vGbi eÅeÕ©v KGib; wK¯§ ‰g`v` mKj Dw«¿G`i
Bw´£qvb ivbvi, wRbwWs AbÅZg|
4. D®²Z RvGZi Mevw`c÷ : AwaK gvsm I `ya Drcv`bKvix Pvivi ˆÞGò Zv KiGZ eÅ^Æ nb| ‰Qvov AvGbvqvi Zvi `Þ
I msKi RvGZi Mevw`cky wbeÆvPb Kiv nq| ˆhgb RvwmÆ,
njGÕ¡Bb wdÌwRqvb, jvj wmw®¬ BZÅvw` RvGZi Mvwf| K‡wl KgxÆi gvaÅGg RbMYGK Pviv jvMvGbv ‰es Pvivi cwiPhvÆ i
K‡wl ˆgjvq cÉ`wkÆZ wewf®² dmj, Mevw` c÷ I ˆcvwÎŸÈ cÉRvwZ eÅvcvGi AvaywbK KjvGKŒkj mÁ·wKÆZ ævb cÉ`vGbi eÅeÕ©v
wbeÆvPb mwVK bv nGj ‰i DGókÅ mdj nq bv|
KGib; wK¯§ ‰g`vG`i Õ¡Gj ˆm aiGbi ˆKvb `Þ K‡wl wQj bv|
dGj AvGbvqvGii Õ¡Gj mvivÞY ˆjvKmgvMg wQj ‰es ˆkGl
Zvi Õ¡j ˆkÓÉ ¤ Õ¡Gji cyiÕ•vGi f„wlZ nq| wkLbdj-9 I 10
K. K‡wl ˆgjv Kx? 1
L. e†Þ ˆgjvi DGókÅ Kx? 2
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Agreecultute 2nd
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