Original direct quotation: Revised indirect quotation: Original direct quotation: Revised indirect quotation: Practice 1. Identify each of the following statements as DQ for direct quotation or IQ for indirect 186
quotation. Then, insert appropriate punctuation for direct and indirect speech. 1. ____ Ralph Waldo Emerson said It is not length for life, but depth for life ______________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ 2. ____ According to Donal Trump Everything in life is luck ______________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ 3. ____ Thomas Jefferson said I find that the harder I work, the more luck I seem to have ______________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ 4. ____ An African proverb teaches that it takes more than parents to raise children ______________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ 5. ____ A Chinese proverb states A book is like a garden carried in the pocket ______________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ Practice 2. Paraphrase the following direct quotes into indirect quotes. Work with a classmate or a small group of peers. 1. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., once said, “In the end, we will remember not the words of our enemies, but the silence of our friends.” ______________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ 2. Author and journalist Anna Quindlen wrote, “The thing that is really hard, and really amazing, is giving up on being perfect and beginning the work of becoming yourself.” ______________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ 3. World-renowned opera singer Beberly Sills one said, “There are not shortcuts to any place worth going.” ______________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ 187
4. Comedian Chris Rock quips, “I don't get high, but sometimes I wish I did. That way, when I messed up in life I would have an excuse. But right now there’s no rehab for stupidity.” ______________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ 5. President Franklin D. Roosevelt declared, “When you see a rattlesnake poised to strike, you do not wait until he has struck before you crush him.” ______________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ Punctuate Titles Question marks are also used to set off the titles of short works such as essays, short stories, short poems, songs, articles in magazines, TV episodes, and chapter titles in books. - Follow the general rules for quotation marks. - Do not use quotation marks to set off titles of larger publications such as magazines, newspapers and books. These larger publications are set off with italics or, if you are handwriting, underlining. Poems: Songs: 188
Television shows: Practice 1. Edit each sentence to ensure correct punctuation titles. Underline titles of larger publications. Use quotation marks for shorter publications. 1. Did you read the New York Times article, Vitamins Found to Curb Exercise Benefits? ______________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ 2. I don't get it. About a week ago, I read a magazine article called, Vitamins and Good Health that said that some vitamins help boost metabolism. ______________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ 3. I guess I need to do more research. First, I’ll look at the chapter Helping Others Achieve Good Health at Any Age in my nursing book. ______________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ 4. I will also look at the website WebMD because I remember seeing a page called Vitamins and Your Health. ______________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ 5. Set Fire to the Rain is the third single released from Adele’s successful album 21. ______________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ 6. The website MNS Music ranked Beyonce’s song I Was Here as 4-1/2on a scale of 5. ______________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ 7. The King James Bible is over 400 years old. ______________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ 189
8. My favorite television show of all time is the I Love Lucy episode Lucy Does a TV Commercial when she gets drunk taste testing Vitameatavegamin. ______________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ 9. Brandi is studying the chapter Alcohol and Other Drugs in the textbook Social Problems. ______________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ 10. Write a sentence that includes a title. Punctuate the title correctly. ______________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ Practice 2. Edit the following sentences for correct use of quotation marks. 1. According to the Labor Department The U.S. economy continues to show signs of growth. ______________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ 2. Occupiers chant Our Park; the protest spills into the streets. ______________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ 3. The park is our park: we will not leave. ______________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ 4. Someone needs to ask the protesters, What do you want? ______________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ 5. Ericka published her article Five Ways to Save Money in the daily newspaper The News Journal. ______________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ 6. Justin told us that he has lost 48 pounds; he said, if I can do it, anyone can ______________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ Practice 3. In the space below, revise the following paragraph for correct format and punctuation in the 190
use of quotation marks in a dialogue. Henry complained I'm hungry. His mother asked what do you want to eat for lunch? A Happy Meal Henry squealed with delight with chicken tenders, fries and juice. His mother responded did you just say you wanted A Happy Meal? Practice 4. Write a dialogue of five to ten sentences based on a recent conversation you have had or you have heard about a song, movie, book, TV show or article. Use appropriate format and punctuation. Work with pairs or small group of your classmates. Use your own paper. 191
Sample Essays LM-1245 Composition II 192
Cervantes 1 Haidel Cervantes Cordero Prof. Randolph Zuñiga Coudin LM1245 English Composition II 3 July 2019 Why Everyone Should Try Volunteering Have you ever considered the benefits that helping others without expecting something in return might have in your life? Volunteering requires a person to work hard for the sake of others and it comes with a wish to improve the society we live in. However, even though volunteering means helping others, it can also be a great help to the volunteer itself. Among the many benefits of volunteering are connecting with the world, learning new skills, and improving one’s health. Volunteering helps a person to connect with the rest of the world as they help to create a better society.While volunteering, a person has the opportunity to break out of their shell and make friends. Segal and Robinson state that “While some people are naturally outgoing, others are shy and have a hard time meeting new people. Volunteering gives you the opportunity to practice and develop your social skills, since you are meeting regularly with a group of people with common interests” (2). For instance, while helping to clean a beach in a group, you can meet people and bond over the importance of the job you are doing and support each other. Empathy can also be developed when someone decides to do volunteer work because they have to acquire 193
Cervantes 2 the ability to put others first. According to Madeline Carrera, “Working with nonprofits and community organizations provides a window of opportunity… to connect to the community in which they live, work and study” (1). Therefore, after volunteering people will feel a sense of pride and pertinence to their community and its inhabitants. Voluntary Service requires a person to get exposed to new environments and activities. Hence, volunteering develops new skills. People can learn more effective communication skills to present themselves in public and perform with higher results by gaining experience in a specific field. Volunteering in a dog shelter, for example, can teach people to take care of different animals correctly when they are sick, old or injured. The experience of being a volunteer also develops a better discipline in other areas of people’s lives such as work and study. Strict schedules and instructions are often asked to be followed by volunteers; this teaches them self-control and responsibility and impacts the perspective of the person. Challenging the mind and the body’s limits is a benefit of volunteering too. A person can learn to lead a healthier lifestyle by doing volunteer work. In the words of Segal and Robinson, “Giving to others can also help protect your mental and physical health. It can reduce stress, combat depression, keep you mentally stimulated, and provide a sense of purpose” (1). Thus, people can gain mental and physical strength to overcome difficulties that might come in their daily lives. Because of the friendships and experiences created around others, people can overcome or start fighting anxiety and depression. Volunteer work tries to improve the communities and society we live in. Helping others without monetary retributions also helps the person volunteering. Deciding to 194
Cervantes 3 become a volunteer helps the communities we live in to become a better living space, but it can make the volunteer more skilled, healthier, and more connected to other people in the world. Haidel Cervantes 195
Cervantes 4 Works Cited Carrera, Madeline. A Window of Opportunity: Volunteering Benefits All Involved.Kenosha News, 13 June 2019, www.kenoshanews.com/community/a-windowof-opportunity-volunteering-benefits-all-involved/article_0fce1015-fe16-5746-8a93- 423b68a25c96.html. Accessed 30 June 2019. Segal, Jeanne, and Lawrence Robinson. Volunteering and Its Surprising Benefits. HelpGuide, 24 June 2019,www.helpguide.org/articles/healthy-living/volunteering-andits-surprising-benefits.htm?pdf=13391.Accessed 30 June 2019. 196
Flores 1 Diana Flores Velásquez Prof. Randolph Zúñiga Coudin LM-1245, English Composition II July 3, 2019 Anxiety in College For many students, college is a period in life to learn, meet new people, and have a good time, but it can also bring some stressful and negative experiences to some. Trying to deal with the many aspects that college entails can become challenging to students, causing them to develop anxiety. According to the Anxiety and Depression Association of America, “75% of all lifetime cases of mental illness begin developing by age 24”, an age in which many people are still in college or finishing college. Aspects of college life like the heavy workload, concerns about social life, and possible delays in graduation may lead college students to struggle with anxiety during their student years. The increased academic responsibilities in college can take students by surprise and make it difficult for them to manage all the challenges. The lack of organization and the feeling of not being able to meet all the deadlines or not do well on a test may be detrimental to the student. This inability to cope with workload may cause college students to develop anxiety. Excessive workload harms the students’ learning process and makes it more difficult for them to absorb the necessary information to successfully understand a topic. Due to this problem, the students’ test taking process is negatively affected. Bedewy and Gabriel state that, “the perception of extensive course load and long duration of examinations were found to be the most important sources of test anxiety in a number of research studies” (2). 197
Flores 2 Having an extensive curriculum or workload also gives the student a feeling of not being able to be prepared for a test, which also contributes to test anxiety. There is also the case of students obsessing over trying to learn everything and consequently exhausting themselves. Having to deal with a heavy workload not only affects the students’ overall academic performance, but it also affects their mental state. Another cause of anxiety in college students is their social life. An active social life is a very important part of the students’ college experience. College students may be susceptible to develop anxiety if they are not able to manage their academic and social life. One of the best parts of college is being able to make new friends, be exposed to new people with different or similar ways of thinking, or meet people with interesting hobbies. There are also many clubs and activities students can join. Even though developing an active social life is beneficial, students need to find a balance between their academic responsibilities and their social life. Being able to successfully manage and balance both seems to be difficult for some, and it often leads them to stress over it. Investing too much time in socializing can negatively affect grades and make students feel anxious. Also, not having enough time for a social life because of school can make students feel like they are missing out and not enjoying their youth. Students who find it hard to adapt to the new changes of going to college may also suffer from anxiety. Not being able to make new friends, approach people for help, and feel like they do not belong in any club or in their major can affect many aspects of the students’ college experience and put them under a lot of stress. Getting good grades is as important as having a social life and students should balance the two to avoid unnecessary anxiety. Graduation is another aspect that can cause college students to be anxious. Whether they think that they will probably never graduate or feel like they do not 198
Flores 3 know what to do after graduation, they suffer from graduation anxiety. The fear of not being able to graduate fast or not graduate at all terrifies many students. Competitiveness and comparison sometimes cannot be avoided in college. Students tend to compare themselves to other classmates or to students from other majors and worry about not being able to graduate when they are supposed to. Having to take a course again and falling behind one or two semesters can generate great anxiety. Other students also feel anxious when they are about to graduate because they feel uncertain about what to do next. After all the years studying to get a diploma, they feel afraid of graduating. According to Kent, “Many students feel that they have to decide now what they will do with the rest of their lives. This creates a lot of unwanted stress, and the fear of making a wrong decision can be paralyzing.” Students who do not have anything planned after graduating may be more prone to feeling anxiety. Students should avoid feeling anxious about when they will graduate, focus more on their own academic journey, and keep in mind that there are still many experiences to go through after graduation. College students are likely to develop anxiety due to different aspects of college life like coping with a heavy workload, trying to balance their academic and social life, and dealing with graduation anxiety. It is important for them to make changes in their lives or seek professional help if they are struggling with anxiety. The years a person will spend in college are supposed to be some of the best. They should not be ruined by something that can be avoided. Students should make an effort to try to avoid suffering from unnecessary anxiety because of these aspects. 199
Flores 4 Works Cited Bedewy, Dalia, and Adel Gabriel. “Examining Perceptions of Academic Stress And Its Sources Among University Students: The Perception of Academic Stress Scale.” Health Psychology Open, vol 2, no 2, 2015, pp. 2. 2055102915596714. Kent, Yael. “Fighting Post-Graduation Anxiety.” Psychalive. www.psychalive.org/fighting-post-graduation-anxiety/. Accessed July 29th 2019. Teens and College Students. Anxiety and Depression Association of America. www.adaa.org/living-with-anxiety/college-students. Accessed July 29th 2019. 200