เอกสารประกอบการประชุมกลุ่มวิจัยฯ เมธีวิจัยอาวุโส 65

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Biorefinery of sugarcane for value-added chemicals production


Apilak Salakkam*, Ayyapruk Moungprayoon, Tanyaporn Siriwong,
Chularat Haokok, Siriporn Lunprom


Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Technology, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand, 40002
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
___________________________________________________________________________

Abstract

As an attempt to enhance the value of sugarcane, a biorefinery approach was applied
to produce various bio-based products, i.e., poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB), lactic acid (LA),
and xylooligosaccharides (XOs) from sugarcane juice (SJ) and sugarcane bagasse (SB). SJ, which

sp. KKU01
is rich in fermentable sugars, was used as the sole carbon source to grow Paracoccus
for PHB production under fed-batch cultivation. On the other hand, cellulose extracted from

SB was used to produce LA through a simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF)
using Lactiplantibacillus plantarum TSKKU P-8, while xylan-rich hemicellulose was used as a

feedstock for XOs production. Fed-batch cultivation of Paracoccus sp. KKU01 gave a final PHB
concentration of 32.1 g/L, with a yield of 0.13 g-PHB/g-sugar. LA fermentation gave 57.8 g-LA/L,

with a yield of 0.64 g-LA/g-sugar, while enzymatic hydrolysis of xylan-rich hemicellulose gave
10.9 g-XOs/L, with a yield of 0.29 g-XOs/g-substrate. Based on a mass balance, this process
could produce around 17 kg of PHB, 89 kg of LA, and 10 kg of XOs from a ton of sugarcane.

Overall, this research reveals the feasibility to develop a biorefinery process for sugarcane.
However, further process optimization is required for practical implementation.


Keywords: sugarcane, biorefinery, bioplastic, prebiotic, bioeconomy

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Sustainable fuel and chemicals production from CO
2
as CO based bioeconomy
by Clostrdium thailandense 2

Sompong O-Thong

International college, Thaksin University, Songkhla, 90000 Thailand
___________________________________________________________________________

Abstract
Homoacetogens consortium was enriched from peatland soil, digested sludge, and
rumen fluid for simultaneous carbon dioxide (CO ) consumption and acetic acid production
2
in the biogas upgrading process. The homoacetogens consortium enriched from peatland soil
%
(PL3) has a maximum CO consumption and acetic acid production of 95 and 120 mg/L,
2
respectively. The methane content in upgraded biogas and acetic acid production of 98% and
543.4 mg/L was obtained at optimum hydrogen (H ) to CO at a ratio of 2:1, pH 8, and
2
2
%
temperature 30 C. The upgraded biogas (CH >95 ) can be used as vehicle fuel or injected
o
4
into the natural gas grid. The homoacetogens consortium PL3 was dominated by Clostridium
.
sp., Proteiniclasticum sp., and Petrimonas sp Clostridium sp While Clostridium species are

.

the main homoacetogens responsible for CO reduction using H as an energy source The
.
2
2
homoacetogens consortium PL3 could provide an opportunity for simultaneous biogas
upgrading to biomethane and acetic acid production. An acetogenic, obligately anaerobic,
T
Gram- positive, endospore- forming bacterium, designated strain PL3 , was isolated from
T
peatland soil enriched with H and CO . Cells of strain PL3 were 0.8-1.0 x 4.0-10.0 m, straight
2
2
T
rod-shaped, with sup-terminal endospores. Growth of PL3 occurred at pH 6-7 (optimum, pH
)
o
7), temperature of 25-35 C (optimum, 30 C), and 0-1.5% (w/v NaCl (optimum, 0.5%).
o
T
Biochemical analyses revealed that strain PL3 metabolized lactose, maltose, raffinose,
rhamnose, lactic acid, sorbitol, arabinose, and glycerol Acetic acid and ethanol were the
.
.
predominant products from H / CO fermentation The genomic in silico DNA- DNA
2
2
T
T
hybridization value between strain PL3 and C. aciditolerans DSM 17425 was 25.1%, with the
average nucleotide identity (ANI) value of 80.2%. Based on the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic,
and phylogenetic differences with concurrent low genomic identity to other species, strain
T
name Clostridium
PL3 is suggested to represent a novel species within the genus Clostridium
sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is PL3 (=DSM 111812 = TISTR 2984 ).
thailandense T T T

Keywords: CO economy, biogas upgrading, acetic acid production, homoacetogens
2

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Utilization of oil palm empty fruit bunches under bio-refinery concept for

ethanol hydrogen and fuel pellet production


3
2
1
Rattana Jariyaboon , Sompong O-Thong , Sureewan Sittijunda , Prawit Kongjan 1,*

1 Department of Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Prince of Songkla University, Pattani, 94000, Thailand
2 International College, Thaksin University, Songkhla, 90000, Thailand
3 Faculty of Environment and Resource Studies, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
___________________________________________________________________________

Abstract
Oil palm empty palm bunches (OPEFB) was feasibly investigated to utilize under bio-

refinery concept by using products generated from hydrothermal pretreatment of OPEFB to
producing ethanol fuel pellet and hydrogen. Under optimum conditions of solid-liquid ratio

1:11.40 (w/v), temperature 195 °C and time 19 min, hydrothermal pilot scale with semi-
continuous feed could provide removal efficiencies of 79%, 53%, and 86 wt% for

hemicellulose, lignin, and potassium, respectively. Pretreated OPEFB was subsequently used

for ethanol production carried out in the CSTR reactor with semi-simultaneous saccharification
and fermentation (SSSF) for 72-hr at initial solid loading of 10 w/v% with Cellic® CTec2 50

FPU/ g substrate and with 10 v/v% of K. marxianus TISTR 5925 at 45 C added after 12-hr
°
enzymatic hydrolysis. Ethanol yield achieved was 73.37 % of the theoretical yield. Pretreated
OPEFB adjusted to have initial moisture content of 20 wt% and mixed with tapioca starch 10

wt% could be pelletized successfully with satisfactory characteristics. Xylose rich hydrolyzate

solution obtained from OPEFB hydrothermal pretreatment could be converted to hydrogen
by dark fermentation process, with rate of approx. 0.21 L H /L·d and yield of 1.51 mol H /mol
2
2
xylose. Subsequently, dark fermentation effluent was converted to hydrogen by microbial

electrolysis cell with a rate of 1,324 mL H /L·D and a yield of 33.0 mmol H /g COD. The
2
2
experimental results obtained from this research project illustrate the approaches and
feasibility of utilizing OPEFB under bio-refinery concept to produce high-value fuel and can

be further scaled-up to industrial level.


Keywords: hydrothermal pretreatment, yeast fermentation, pelletization, dark fermentation,
microbial electrolysis

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Upgrading biogas to biomethane using thermally regenerable absorbent:

pilot-scale experiment and scale-up estimation for a palm oil mill


2
1
3
4,5
Thiwa Rattanaya , Prawit Kongjan , Charun Bunyakan , Alissara Reungsang ,
Rattana Jariyaboon 2,*

1 Energy Technology program, Faculty of Engineering, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai 90110, Thailand
2 Department of Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Prince of Songkla University, Pattani 94000, Thailand
3 School of Engineering and Resource, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80161, Thailand
4 Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Technology, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
5 Research Group for Development of Microbial Hydrogen Production Process from Biomass, Khon Kaen University,
Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
___________________________________________________________________________

Abstract
A process to upgrade a biogas product to biomethane has been investigated.

Recycling of an absorbent is important for low-cost upgrading of biogas by chemical
absorption. This study investigated the alkaline recovery of absorbent solution by thermal

decomposition at various temperatures (75, 85 and 95 °C) and various vacuum levels (0.2, 0.4
and 0.6 bar). During heating, CO and H S were released from the absorbent solution, which
2
2
increased the pH. The highest pH 10.58 was reached for NaHCO solution from initial pH 8.86
3
while NaHS solution gave the highest pH 10.38 when treated at 95 °C and 0.6 bar vacuum

level. The biogas upgrading experiments were performed in pilot scale scrubber. It was found
that 99% removal efficiencies of CO and H S were achieved at the minimum NaOH
2
2
concentration of 4 g/L and L/G ratio 0.3. The performance of the recovered alkaline solution
.
was also tested The results show that CO and H S removal efficiencies of alkaline solution
2
2
before and after recovery were similar, at 80 and 99% respectively Moreover, there was a
.
good agreement between the experimental data and the simulation by Aspen HYSYS. The
3
caustic scrubber was simulated for the 0 0 m /h biogas production rate, and the chosen
5
6
1
column diameter and height were m and m, respectively. The economic analysis of the
process shows payback period of 3 and 4 years for using waste heat and biomass boiler as
heating source, respectively. This study demonstrated the potential approach to applying the
using of thermally regenerable absorbent for upgrading biogas to biomethane.


Keywords: biomethane, biogas upgrading, absorption, scrubbing, thermally regenerable
absorbent

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Production of 2,3 butanediol and succinic acid from molasses as a

monomer for 2,3-BDO-co-1,4-BDO-co-succinate (PBBS) syntheses


2
1
Prawit Kongjan , Nantharat Phruksaphithak , Sureewan Sittijunda 3,*

1 Department of Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Prince of Songkla University, Pattani 94000, Thailand
2 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Thaksin University, Phatthalung 93110, Thailand
3 Faculty of Environment and Resource Studies, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
________________________________________________________________________________
Abstract

This research aims to produce 2,3 butanediol (2,3-BDO) and succinic acid as monomers
for 2,3-BDO-co-1,4-BDO-co-succinate (PBBS) syntheses. First, the extraction and purification of

2,3-BDO from the fermentation broth on the pilot scale were investigated. The 2,3-BDO
production of 5.46 ± 0.24 g/L was obtained using 20 g-VS/L of molasses as the substrate and

Enterobacter sp. MU-01 as inoculum. The optimal conditions for extraction and purification of
2,3-BDO from the fermentation broth were butyraldehyde (BA) and fermentation broth and
PDD: H O ratios of 1:1 and 1:1, respectively. Under these conditions, up to 53 % of 2.3-BDO
2
can be extracted, and 68.3 % of BA can be recovered. Next, the isolation, characterization,
and optimization of succinic acid production from molasses were examined. The result

showed that the isolated strain was Enterococcus sp. MUSA001. The optimal condition for
succinic acid production was 60 g/L of molasses, 0.85 g/L of lactic acid as electron donor, 29.91

g/L Na CO , an initial pH of 5.0, with a maximum succinic acid production of 0.68 g/L. Last,
3
2
PBBS synthesis uses commercial monomers (2,3-BDO, 1,4-BDO, and succinic acid) as a model
was conducted. The result showed that the suitable condition for synthesizing PBBS with a
molecular weight greater than 100,000 g/mol was succinic acid 1,4-BDO/2,3-BDO and catalyst

of 100:200(200:100):1 (molar ratio), the temperature of 200 ºC and reaction time of 36 h,
respectively.


Keywords: 2,3-butanediol, succinic acid, 2,3-BDO-co-1,4-BDO-co-succinate, molasses

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Investigation of citric acid by-products from rice produced by

microbial fermentation on growth performance and villi

histology of Thai broiler chicken (KKU 1)


1,*
Mutyarsih Oryza.S , Sawitree Wongtangtintharn , Bundit Tengjaroenkul ,
2
1
1
1
Anusorn Cherdthong , Sirisak Tanpong , Padsakorn Pootthachaya ,
1
Wuttigrai Boonkum , Nisakon Pintaphrom 1
1

1 Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002
2 Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002
* Corresponding author: [email protected]
________________________________________________________________________________
Abstract

This study was conducted with Thai broiler chicken (KKU 1) to investigate the effect of
citric acid by-products from rice (CABR) on growth performance and villi histology. A total of
%
192 broiler chicks were subject to three dietary treatments, including 0 CABR, 3 and 6%
%
of dry matter Body weight gains, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, survival rate, and
.
production index (body weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, survival rates, and
)
productive index, respectively were considered for growth performance evaluation Villi
.
:
height (µm), crypt depth (µm), and villi crypt ratio were recorded for the villi histological
.
measurement The performance did not show a significant effect when compared with the
.
control group during at ages ranging from 1 to 56 days Villi histology indicate a significant
effect on villi height (µm), crypt depth (µm), and villi crypt of broiler chicks compared with
:
%
the control group Also, the use of 3 CABR caused a reduction microbial contamination in
.
.
chicken fecal matter In conclusion, supplementation of CABR had no negative effects on
%
growth performance of Thai broiler chicken (KKU 1). Also, the addition of 3 CABR to the
feed might help reduce fecal microbial contamination and affect the villi histology of Thai
broiler chickens (KKU 1).


Keywords: citric acid rice, Thai broiler chicken, villi histology, microbial contamination

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One-step multi-enzyme pretreatment and biohydrogen production from

sp. biomass
Chlorella

2,3,*
2,3
1,2,3
Kawinda Sriyod , Alissara Reungsang , Pensri Plangklang

1 Graduate School, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
2 Research Group for Development of Microbial Hydrogen Production Process from Biomass, Khon Kaen University,
Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
3 Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Technology, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
________________________________________________________________________________
Abstract

One-step multi-enzyme (OSME) pretreatment of Chlorella sp. biomass was statistically
optimized. Enzyme dosages of 380 units/g-VS Termamyl SC, 229.45 units/g-VS Dextrozyme GA,

and 34.13 filter paper units/g-VS Cellic CTec 2, and a hydrolysis time of 90 minutes were the
optimal conditions yielding a reducing sugar yield of 167.61 mg/g-VS, equivalent to 49.29%

carbohydrate solubilization. OSME pretreated biomass was used as a substrate for biohydrogen
production that was optimized under a feed/inoculum ratio of 3.0 and initial pH of 6.5. A
hydrogen yield of 43.16 mL-H /g-VS was obtained under optimal conditions, which was 39.63%
2
greater than that observed with non-treated biomass. The addition of nutrients in the form of
a basic anaerobic medium with or without a nitrogen source tended to decrease the efficiency

of hydrogen production from the hydrolyzed biomass. This work demonstrated OSME
hydrolysis as an alternative to the sequential hydrolysis processes for efficient conversion of

microalgae biomass to fermentable sugars and biohydrogen.


Keywords: 3 generation biomass; one-step enzyme pretreatment; biogas; biofuel
rd

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Nano in/on BioMaterials


Pornchai Rachtanapun 1, 2, 3,*

1 Division of Packaging Technology, School of Agro-Industry, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University 50100,
Thailand,
2 The cluster of Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro BCG), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand,
3 Center of Excellence in Materials Science and Technology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
________________________________________________________________________________
Abstract

งานวิจัยของ รศ.ดร.พรชัย ราชตนะพันธุ์ เป็นงานวิจัยที่มุ่งเน้นการนำวัสดุเหลือทิ้งทางการเกษตรและ
อุตสาหกรรมเกษตร ตัวอย่างเช่น วัสดุเศษเหลือทางการเกษตร ชานอ้อย ทะลายปาล์มน้ำมัน เปลือกทุเรียน กาบ

มะพร้าว เพื่อนำมาผลิตเป็นคาร์บอกซีเมทิลเซลลูโลส นอกจากนั้นมีการนำ เปลือกกุ้งและแกนปลาหมึกจาก
็
อุตสาหกรรมอาหารทะเลมาผลิตเปนคาร์บอกซีเมทิลไคโตซาน และได้ศึกษาปัจจัยต่างๆ ที่มีผลต่อสมบตของสาร
ั
ิ
้
่
้
ในการดัดแปรโครงสร้างทำให้ได้เพิ่มมูลค่าและสามารถและนำไปใชประโยชน์ทางดานตางๆ บรรจุภัณฑ์ อาหาร
เกษตร เวชสำอาง ยา งานวิจัยยังได้มุ่งเน้นศึกษาและสังเคราะห์วัสดุนาโนในหลากหลายกระบวนการและ
หลากหลายวัสดุ ได้แก่ การสังเคราะห์นาโนเซลลูโลสเพื่อนำมาใช้ทางการแพทย์และการเกษตร การสังเคราะห์นา
้
โนไคโตซานเพื่อใช้เป็นวัสดุต้านจุลินทรีย์ และดัดแปรโครงสร้างเพื่อนำไปใช้เป๋นสารนำส่งยาแม่นยำ งานวิจัยดาน
ั
การเปลี่ยนผิววสดุในระดับนาโนดวย “กระบวนการพลาสม่า” โดยใช้แกซ SF และ SF เพื่อเปลี่ยนพื้นผิววสด ุ
ั
๊
้
6
4
จากชอบน้ำ เช่น กระดาษแข็ง กระดาษลูกฟูก หรือพอลิเมอร์ชีวภาพ ให้มีสมบัติการไม่ชอบน้ำอย่างยิ่งยวด
(Super hydrophobic) ทำให้วัสดุมีความสามารถในการต้านทานน้ำได้ดี นอกจากนั้นวัสดุยังสามารถยับยั้ง
เชื้อจุลินทรีย์ได้ด้วย อีกงานวิจัย คือ การเคลือบผิวอนุภาคนาโนของโลหะออกไซด์บนฟิล์มพลาสติกจากปโตเลียม
ิ
และพลาสติกชีวภาพด้วย “กระบวนการสปาร์ก” โดยไม่ต้องใช้สุญญากาศ ฟิล์มผลิตได้จะมีอนุภาคนาโนของ
โลหะออกไซด์ จึงมีสมบัติในการฆ่าเชื้อไวรัสและเชื้อแบคทีเรีย นอกจากนั้นฟิล์มยังมีสมบัติเป็น antifogging
นอกจากนั้นยังมีงานวิจัยที่ทำร่วมกับสัตวบาล โดยผลิต Test Kit ที่สามารถแยกเพศวัว ด้วยเส้นไยนาโนจากพอลิ

เมอร์ชีวภาพที่ผลิตจากกระบวนการ electrospin

Keywords: biomaterials, nanotechnology, nanocellulose, nanochitosan, plasma, sparking.

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