n a a g at u[onu J5 rsuus rilnuJu *r! nouuu,o .!r3.-i.., rfi or nsuu RclurxsouQs:nun4ouu rrJ u,sounauouloa:loun . l? a s oul0uul,otnusou D :{g' ,lt G M €6 lr, :(s' I :ci. riir LIIIF :(s' t @ aa :(q' t ., :(q' t 6l, # :(q' I t, :(s' l, :Q' :(s' @r'ffi r I l.!l :cg' Y tt :@' @ a tu qt 615 I :tii'O modo\ t, :(s' a t, :(s' i t, :@' I ,6, U' :qi' verb 4 g :t+i **** r, :(q' t a, o't l, :(s' t
ffifUAl t/ UYIYI I 1J1|l',t 2 u1111 J rrii 4 I?la c rnii 6 \111t / ljll?r 6 u1l?t I rnfi 10 tnfi'tt :lrr,ii t2 urn't3 :r:r,ii t4 rnii 15 u?r11 lb md t7 trii 18 unii 1g rnfr zo Flnal Test Ouantlfler (rirranrJ6urnr Pronoun (rirdeeur+rar) Sublect-Verb Agreement (rJavoru-n6sriiaaonfiar) 36 149 Present Tenses (nr4nraoflr+rloqrh) 42 152 Past Tenses (nrqnranflradn) 48 155 Part of Speech (rJevmrlosrir) Noun (riruru) Arllcle (riT rirrrirr+1il) Fulure Tenses (m4n,e#lrouran) Passlve Volce (ila;orunnneari,r) Condltlonal Senlence (rartanuiou'lr) Non-Ftntte Verb (nislhiufi) Modal Verb (niarriaa) Reported Speech (ta;Taaiid,rrirln*nri.r) AdJectlve (rir q orrl'uri) Adverb (rirnSarirtur*) Comparlson (nraurJ6aurfi urL) Preposlllon (riTrurn) ConJunctlon (ni, d'rat+) Questlon Tag (rirnT ufi,rarJa;tan) 24 142 30 146 Answen Key 131 134 138 158 161 165 168 171 174 177 180 183 186 190 194 114 120 126 198 Irregular Verbs 203
Tips & Tests s$$ssssssssssssss
Port of Speech ileyunrrasFir Part of Speech 6a ilasmflrfotfintorr{rrirsl iirarlff(unrelnriorfiau trnrrr o-r nqufi nmutis rleaLnyrr as6i,r a a nrfl ur'sfr"u 8 rlacurYt "lfiud N ou n, Pronoun, Verb, Adjective, Adverb, Preposition, Conjunction uas I n te rj ec t i o n n-r uyuri'fl unrura-snrluuri as Fi1fi rerlrue aes fia sril$ I'lr 8 rlasmrfi"lds{a 1) Noun o0 Fr1?l[ f,rFernpru dm{ dsros orderrH aru n-sii ol osds rir s1 (rirn,u) ,us tfl41ilil6t?El nrl - man, father, lady, John, Peter, Susan *ni - cat, fish, bird, dolphin, buffalo, mosquito dsras - car, pen, book, table, clock, computer anruii - city, house, school, airport, hospital 4ordntH - love, honesty, wisdom, happiness 2) Pronoun a0 ;;dti;;il;;; tila ,f,unurirurufi'al"trif (rirdannrrer) drdsr.r"u 6 a a J[a nfalf,ur udrd{nioufi u aqjufir utuo'ruru - I, we, you, they, he, she, it unuiisdcir"taif,'haaaJta - Somerhing is missing 4)u- d ttu utudsfrfrTanrsoEtudr - IhaJ is not mv fault. 3) Verb (drn6ar) aa n1fluonnmneyrimfaornra narulfluaqi n6adnmzrirrl uannmnac?ir - laugh, eat, run, read, watch ronnmrulfluoci - be, have, exist uandnmc - seem, taste, become """":"" aorirfr (fl rs1afi 6ao6ulgn"ruru'16orirdeau*rurdal#lfi arcraur6saLfr ufl-? ) uu tfiErrn"ua"nuilvrirsl uriu qrxdur? dnru B a,rq niad'qtrnrasd*r'n1 tanqnrdnr? - James is smart. tandntl - He bought a new book. ron3 - The pencil is green. uonals - These children are young. ran#rgtr6 4) AdJecflve (nhqornhrri) ar. 4nfoard qnuoiq - That is an American girl 6
5) Adverb (Crnisleur$ 6 o rirf,(flrsrarSa a6rra rirnim ri'rq rurl'ur[ t6o rirnf elrirtuof r1'r0hl 6) Preposltlon (dT qlrun) -i-eJeu-1 ?1fl a;mgn$tettunganua"nuf[ra1nm uaar t6adorufi ilona"ntnrc - The little boy behaves badly. ilant?a1 - I will do the work tomorrow. randnruii - I have looked everywhere for my pen. rl'!ittr*'l Ar- a.*tti+rurirururaorirdaeuuruuffrnhri,rdr{utasTsn rdodrerudns oarer#uu-ud'n6arirlfr orrrufi etrettasilasTanarur;enirlll udostaar - They met at six o'clock. udosdnrufl - He hid behind the curtain. udasfirlyns - We jumped into the pond. udasi-onre - She killed the time by watching TV. aa ffudauri, neierri, niariactetnrft fiafl n"$ rdaurir - .John goi up and walked downstairs. rdaern{arrir - They went across the street and into a shop' rdaur.tecleto - He never worked hard but he got richer' a r- ol.li'fl ^,rLuiu r rnn. rdaud ors orau ofrSo na.rerf?lnfl as H ilra { giu 6'(e AuTu mrn.rn1e d u#u Tnaatr6 o H n1u rrq r.u'[*i rderff asn-u 6i't6i u{u ileg1sn6fl uas'lf,mdasfiursa'Ftrq"?Ei (l) aruaqifira utisaonuilr+ 2 ilesmfl lfiuri anrulilurir uacafl 1r+1fi ilrlesTaFt Ur..,,t"rr - Oh! Wow! Bravo! Oops! Ouch! qr,ulflurleetapr - What an awful noise! How cold the room is! 7) ConJunctlon (rirdnoln) 8) InterJecllon (nhqnrrr) nmfi erenati, n"'r'ltuliluritlesu]fl1o d oa 01 , s?cuH'lerH2[a uarfios#qmnernrnri,riitasn'r#nh+r.tastfln uuerarirlu6aeri'nore{rfirirdcirsn"$ luudasilacTserlfi uriu This train goes fast. Cttrufiu adverb malgtslelFi'lniar goes) It is a fast train. Ctf,lflu adjective utlar;flarelci'luret train) nvqaTonei BASIC GRAMMAR l
Exercise I Declde whlch parts of speech are these words. 1. _ new 2. haooilv 3. _ read 4. thev 5. house but on 8. _ Wow! 9. _ child 10. handsome 11. himself 12. - at 13. slowly 14. walk 15. compuler 6. 7. Declde whtch parts of speech are the underltned words. 1. I bought a beautiful dress at the mall. 2. What dld she ask you to do? 3. I lefi my shoes under the kitchen table. 4. We have to fintsh our work quickly. 5. On Saturdays I work from nine to five. 6. I want lo go to a university in Canada. 7. I'm sure I have met your girlfriend before. B. tJames will be here on Monday or Tuesday. 9. My friend said, "Oh! What a cold weather!. 10. We went to the store to buy a few things. Decde whtch parts of speech are the words tn the sentences. Exercise 2 Exercise 3 1) The lazy man slepl in the afternoon, and he was very tired at night 1. _ lazy 2. =-- man 3. -- slept 4. ---in 5. afternoon 6. _ and 7. - he B. --.- was 9. -- very 10. --- tired 11. --- ar 12. -- night na. (nfoarl 4nroiry 6
2) A red car is dangerous for policemen, but it is incredibly beautiful. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. red car iS dangerous for Declde whlch parts of speech are the underllned words. 1. tlohn never puls sugar in his coffee. a. verb b' noun c. adjective d. adverb 2. The thief ran away from the security guard. a. pnonoun b. verb c. adjective d. noun 3. She has been sick for three daYs. a. verb b. adJective c. noun d. PrePosition 4. My aunt lives here in lhis beautiful house. a. noun b' verb c. adverb d. adjective 5. Anna is getting married nexl year. a. noun b' adverb c. pronoun d. adjective 6. The hungry soldier ale four slices of pizza. a. noun b. verb c. adjective d. adverb 7. Wine is more exDensive lhan beer. a. adverb b' noun c. adjective d. PrePosition B. The compuler is having technical problems' a. adverb b. Pronoun c. conjunction d' adjective policemen - but _it lncredlbly beautiful Exercise 4 wqaTovrei BASIC GRAMMAR 9
9. Peler saw her yesterday in lhe cafeteria. a. preposition b. conjunclion c. adjective d. inlerjection 10. John is very sharp, but he is sometimes lazy. a. adJective b. noun c. preposilion d. conjunclion "11. Do you want lo come to the playground with us? a. noun b. adjeclive c. pronoun d. adverb 12. She was quite happy to receive the prize. a. noun b. verb c. adverb d. adjective 13. Andrew can run fasler than anyone in our school. a. adverb b. adjective c. noun d. pronoun 14. I bought this perfume in a foreign country. a. noun b. adjective c. pronoun d. adverb 15. tJudy sent me a poslcard from London. a. adjeclive b. preposition c. pronoun d. conjunction 16. Please come to my party to celebrate my birthday. a. adverb b. noun c. pronoun d. verb 17. My cousin has wriilen an interesting slory. a. adjective b. verb c. noun d. adverb 18. The children are playing outside in the garden. a. noun b. Pronoun c. verb d. adverb 19. You must answer the queslion honestly. a. adjective b. c. pronoun d. adverb preposition oa. 1_0 {ni'eanf qnrafru
20. Although she loves him a lot, she doesn"l wanl to marry him a. adjective b. Pronoun c. preposition d. coniunction 21. Our group has been rehearsing for the show. a. verb b. adjective c. noun d. adverb Mark talked lo lhem aboul the homework. a. noun b. Pronoun c. adjective d. PrePosilion You will be beautiful when you grow uP' a. conjunction b. ad.lective c. preposition d. Pronoun If you walk fast, you will calch the bus. a. adjective b. adverb c. verb d. noun The woman whose brother works at the bar is my friend' a. noun b. adjective c. pronoun d' adverb The letler was wrillen in green ink. a. adverb b' noun c. adjeclive d' verb The man was badly hurt in the accident. a. noun b. verb c. adverb d' adjective She has lo clean her messy room before she goes out' a. preposition b' conjunction c. adjective d' Pronoun This is the quickesl way to the cinema. a. verb b' noun c. adjective d' adverb David entered the room and he switched on the lighl' a. conjunction b' PrePosition c. adjective d' adverb 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30 wqalovrei BASIC GRAMMAR 11
Noun ntniu'16' '"";;;ttd;'" (Uncountable Noun) (Counlable Noun) rirutu ' ;;; ffi,i.rrd; ffi ffi ; 1; + d1t'.;;;,n ; ;' i;;;;til ; ; ;' ;;; ;",'ffi ;;' "' v14o uru u--r lru [d u o n rr fr a q r n ri a s ila s m r r a s rir u r ar ufia {uia r a"r n eao o dr r a-n n rel u nranlSaugrJurarmnuorilfrlfl uurerumuef naoooulirna.rurffrlofi eranirfi firii rasrirumluilastgnnrera-rnqu uacnratffFr'.rurerudaudospra,wlfl uu6,rras a a riruru ii r+"r,f rur u"lfi ufl u'lfi#sra nuorfu. *xru ri' ;;il;;;;fi;s i n d e f i n i te article (a / an) m6adrueu (two, five)lfi Toaur.isaanlfl% 1) common Noun (uT *rfu'til)'leif,iaurcrerces.irrflunulnun6ods'lnr+ uriu dog, pen, student, country, books, animals, children, people 2) Proper Noun (uruua*w) rfi udoraurvuasfiifr'uffe'rsf2Tnqjrena urir Mike, Monday, .June, Bangkok, England, Toyota, Chao phraya 3) collecllve Noun (uTutraraorai) u"ntf,erun-t common Noun *iu ...."1.9P*.:1.r"".:rJ::.:..H":1.9.1y.';.1 a a rir u.ru frtridru ran u-ud,r ueu'lfi Tocnjn ooctff( article rirnrh Tocrurjsoonrflu 1) Mass Noun (r"mqr+ru) rriu water, oil, tea, coffee, sugar, meat, go ld ri.rururfi eirfi"arqudnsd*.lrumFailf *rnr'lfinrnilrfl rT,rfiaEl 1. nltusfifanursnranrs niu a grass of water, two slides of bread 2. rirranrlfurrx udu much coffee, little sugar, a lot of water 2) Abstract Noun (ur+raeau) 'lfiuri 1. rtatudnsdntu niu richness, pleasure, poverty 2. rretudnsqr*dntE niu beauty, happiness, kindness 3. nrerudosnlanas{1 r:in flight, camping, hiking 3) deitr rntr fiflr rdn economics, mathematics, chemistry, Thai, English, .Iapanese, football, basketball 4) nT uo'n1 rdu accommodation, advice, equipment, experience, furniture, health, homework, information, jewelry, knowledge, luck, luggage, money, music, news, progress, rubbish, traffic, travel, trouble, weather, work wo pairs of shoes uerhasmnref uashifiosfi 6t? {nfoanf 4nrofrg 72
' ;;ffi ;;;'ii,n ;ln'til.; ;;;i;;;;;hillGi *i ;ffi ; ;;; ; "H ;,it' ffi "' " "' "' Would you like a glass of wine? (""r"[fr = ufra) A window is made of glass. (u"t"[+it6'= ne;on) I've got a few grey hairs already. (u"u"[fi = rfiuaru) ....I.":..*H.'-'."?P:*:"(:"y]*:.:.:,1]y"t:.:),""",6..*,!!s$.!.....s.i.... . t) uAn s triu dogs, Pens, hands, books, rulers, phones, oranges i z) uAu es ru'oasfrrsfirs s, ss, sh, ch, x, z utiu buses, boxes, glasses 3) arfrrafi'ra o uaa{tstrirufluueirgdul unu es tdu heroes, mangoes 4) atfr,rerfira o uatfirsrrirlfludas unu s 6iu radios, studios, bamboos 5) asfrrafiaa y uav{rsnritfluueitgtua nt6ar+ y uilu ies trin cities, babies 6) asfrrafiru y uaaffrsrnrTrufludes tg|u s Hin days, boys, keys, monkeys 7) asfrrafiaa f, fe pl-dflil1fl$ ves tdr+ wives, lives, knives, thieves 8) urJdauda;t5a6.l6auqr.l tdn men, women, feet, teeth, geese, mice P).]:.'l*lp"t.'LT.Ill:.93"?i:.113.?P;"3.".rr3.1:.'.?il?l:"3P"?319.1 1) rJatoru (Sublect) einoqifrum;Tanuaroqitrirrirnier Peter works verY hard. 2) naaar (Oblect) aqjtd'srirnfarfifrasnmneeu Peter loves Jane. 3) naauta-rqurLt (Oblect of a Preposition) aqita"srirrlmn Peter wrote to Jane. 4) dt+u6ur6at (Complement) u"nmrufla"s be, have, become Peter is a doctor. _) nrrHlSg$$'lll uannqdtfrLfl$ e $1r{}rE}R1l v) il$1lllo{l rhn1rt 1) 'lf, "s n"rudrta 2) raarrfiets " fia-{%13JLaflfls1i$6oflflilqfiiasfr1afiaer s (the kids" book) 3) r,rnfirdrlasdasnu td 's railrsfi.rufrre (John and Peter's house) 4) trnuitunejuriTuru 'ld 's uaur;fiTufr'rs (my son-in-law's computer) 5) tf, 's Uonr?a1 ?JEtsytl{ drueuraarlaurnrsi,rsl (next week's lesson) 6) tff ,s rando*+iir6a6rudr (We will meet you at the barber's.) 7) tf, of n-ilu6.nrasdtaifiiifl (the door of the car, the gulf of Thailand) "9).3"t..:1.:v"'::.1*v:"v:::*{::l*:}::.(1*.I?v:.:.:i.."..e::1.Y.:.r-"1)." (the man"s shop) $1rrudntn?nil el. I ril$tq1i0,$ lru"\l} \-/ lzffri\ j i\*, j tu nrqalonei BASIC GRAMMAR E
Exercise I complele lhe sentences wlth 'a' or 'an' for counlable nouns and 'some' for uncountable nouns. 1. She would like to have ice cream for dessert. 2. He had good idea about wniting an article for the newspaper. 3. Don"t forget to buy 4. The children have tea and sugar when you go to the supermarket. homework to do tonighl 5. Hopefully we will have nice weather when we go to London. 6. He bought his wife 7. He cut himself beauliful jewelry from the departmenl store. apple. 8. There was earlhquake in Japan. 9. I think we have made Progress with our English 10. animal needs a regular supply of food. complete the sentences wlth the plural form of the nouns tn parentheses. 1. Foxes and belong to the dog family. (wolf) bread and ate it with 2, The farmer keeps cows and 3. Cats chase birds and (sheep) (mouse) (fish) (leaf) (tooth) (woman) (deer) (beach) 4. The and forks are kept in this drawer. (knife) 5. My brother keeps tropical 6. Why do change color in the fall? 7. Brush your B. before you go to bed. S football is becoming popular 9. We saw a herd of on the hillside. 10. Scotland has many beautiful Rewrlle the sentences uslng the possesslve apostrophe. 1. The tail of our cat is black and white. Exercise 2 Exercise 3 aa. (nr"oalf, lnroirg T4
2. The husband of my friend is very tall. 3. I received lhe letter of Uncle Joe last night. 4. The clothes of the boys are dirty. 5. The mother of my cousin is my aunl. 6. The head of lhal bird is yellow. 7. The house of Mr. and Mrs. Smilh is new. B. The friends of my sisler ane very pretly. 9. We saw the wife of your brother yesterday. 10. The gloves of these ladies were expensive. Choose the correct answer. 1. We have moved all of the inlo our new apartmenl. a. furniture b. furnitures c. furnilure's d. furnitures' 2. The _ over lhere wanl to meet lhe manager. a. woman b. women c. womans d. womens 3. .John gave me some aboul how to start a new business. a. advice b. advices c. advise d. advises 4. He losl some of his - on the way back from Canada. a. luggage b. luggages c. lhe luggage d. the luggages 5. I clean my - lhree limes a day. a. toolh b. leeth c. loolhs d. leeths 6. Could you give - on your project? a. an information b. sorne informalions c. some information d. many informalions 7. There are more than a lhousand on this farm. a. sheep b. sheeps c. lhe sheep d. lhe sheeps Exercise 4 m;4aTonei BASIC GRAMMAR 15
B. Sandra decided to change her slyle and bought new _. a. cloth b. clolhes c. a cloth d. some clothes 9. The _ I bought is in the fridge. a. fish b. fishes c. fish's d. fishes' 10. Thev are sendino some lo fix the roof. a. man b. the man c. men d. the men 11. They need some new for the science labor^atory. a. equip b. equipments c. equipment d. lhe equipment 12. Let's have a few rest. a. minute b. minutes c. minule's d. minutes' 13. Have you seen _? a. yesterdays'newspaper b. yesterday"s newspaper c. newspaper's yesterday d. newspapers" yeslerday 14. The _ are falling from the trees. It's autumn. a. leaf b. leave c. leafs d. leaves 15. She bought three _ of bread for tea. a. loaf b. loafs c. loaves d. the loaves 16. This book is lhe result of _; he is very proud of il. a. many year's work b. many years work c. many years'work d. many years'works 17. They are going to give you a lot of a. inform b. information c. informing d. informations 18. We have no - not even a bed or a table. a. furnish b. furnished c. furniture d. furnitures 19. Don"t hurny. It's only walk to lhe posl offlce. a. ten minute b. len-minutes c. ten minutes' d. ten minutes E oe. (nr-oarf lnroiry
20. Mv hate eatino Dasla. a. child b. childs c. chlldren d. childrens 21. Musllms klll _ in a religious celebration. a. sheep b. sheeps c. sheep"s d. the sheeps 22. The _ are doing the exercise right now. a. sludent b. sludent"s c. sludenls d. studenls' 23. Most _ work more lhan len hours a day at home. a. housewife b. housewives c. housewlfes d. housewife"s 24. Grandpa sharpened lhe _ in the kitchen. a. knife's b. knifes' c. knifes d. knives 25. When the secrelary was fired, she was glven a. two week"s nolice b. a notice of two weeks c. lwo weeks' nolice d. a notice of two weeks" 26. Some _ came to arresl him. a. policeman b. policemans c. policemen d. policemen's 27. These are protesting againsl the president. a. person b. people c. person's d. people's 28. I heard a oack of in lhe foresl. a. wolf b. wolfs c. wolves d. wolves' 29. The shoes I bought dld not quite fit my _. a. foot b. feet c. foots d. feets 30. Peter is alwavs lired. even thouoh he has a. a good sleep's night b. night"s good sleep c. a good nighl's sleep d. nighl of good sleep nrqaTorei BASIC GRAMMAR g
Article !,t.!.!.1.!-.!,,!.!.,:..!,t.,.*.a,.{!,!.,!f .,,,liil.GONffi FllI :..,..,; i r,r:r :i:l:.r i.tirtt:ri;ti.ti,rit ii -i i. :,ti r',::,r-. -:t., I .'rr: ,,-, r,,.,,.r r..,,:,..r.r ":,ri ri ri ri i r: I i.x -.......i. . .. .....,. .,i,.,, t ,ll , i,:i ,r,l :i,:,,:,,-,t. -: rrr.r ri r.r:rii.r,, ari:r* r.i rr..'r.'r:rr-. 8 'r.r...i,rii' :r:tl:t ili.l :tt:t.:it:ti.iiirt,.i'r i :,t'r r :. ,r-.. " rr r..r:rl!. r')-:_.rrr.rr..r.rr 1 . - r..irr..r.i.i. .! .. :r rr r::ti:tirt:ti:.r.ti:i tr ii:-.:. . :..:..'. ir,r. i! r i .r. :'r '1 :r:r,ar;i;r;i;r;,,ii ;-;r;:;\ "[n{u*m: i (lndeflnlte ; Artlcle) : oo'rt a11+1111+1%1e{ d. o Jt t^v ritirrfitrrnuusaanrilu 2 ilaaunr 6o rititrrlrr+'rrufrleiih+u1ure1re{ (a / an) uacFi1drflfi1u'ruiif,"raurrre'rrq{ (the) fruSsuneaqodrra-nnmtflrititrrit+rer nreirfi"lriaern-eadt uanqrnuvuer-soaefegrffrahnreazo'rdrrfirurudT ne-tnratfl Oaav 1{131h{U1€fl?r}[AflA?Pr *)* e oY- e ) F)A O1l{',]fi l.l',]il1et11 [t2',tsr{1{11{',r3J%U lnronilQl{ r$t n'a'trl sailT a'i1ufl ilnulfl un6ods'lfi n urisaanLfl il 1)'a'lfl riTnrirurrufr fr"ufr rlfi ear3srfl g-ru-{ilstasa1qfl-1rfi udacl - ueirgtuv rdu a book, a cat, a pen, a man, a school, a building - aar (uriaanu?lasrflr+reirptur) uriu a university, a uniform, a European 2)'an' tf,r{tr rTt+rer iissrl frrr fias#fl saes (6as " a') Toa orefufru fira - aec rdu an ant, an apple, an orange, an umbrella, an oak tree - ueirgtu; (uriaanr8aslflude;) nin an hour, an honest man ao riT r"lrrritrruf(f,rtrriruru1fr1nri,r (r+iflfir6ou"r'lu'lfr'ffld) rdafiasn.re iliailrsd'rrflilerr+'lrun6ads'tru 16'uri n'r'ir "the' {isaonutsas16' 2 urrL 6a 'the' (aanr8as "mov-) ret'oritrriru, uiin*ufrufiasflssflpr-rutu; nir+ the book, the cat, the man, the school, the university, the uniform 'the' (oan6as "a) rdarirtrriTrrudn-ilfrufirelflcrsaa; uriu the ant, the apple, the orange, the umbrella, the oak tree, the hour ilr*ww (Deflnlte Artlcle) ffa"nn,lf,tt a/an 1) ri'mfirurant'ulfiro nfl e f il1gtq1&qs My mother bought a pencil yesterday. 2)ritrri'ruruur'onei,rfi suran+'uuilr+nfsuan(orrvssia'trl'1ff tne) There is a man at the door. 3 ) ritr rir ur etnr a ud o s n-r Fil n r u #u nts of r ila n A lion is a fierce animal. 4) iltrrhu'ruiiriwanarf,u / #rgtr6 .lohn is a teacher. / He is an American. 5 ) ritr rh ri I u m n il e lf, rd a ud n s r lle s rl5 a a-m er n rae-a She goes to the movie twice a month. E oe. 4nr-ea,f qnuoiq
ma"nnratf the I' l.) 1{',]r1fi1il1e.rUN0fl AmO{1+1}l}11fl 4il', We bought a book. The book is very cheap. 2) ritrrhuru fi fi riafi lersfi 'ra{4.r1 The dictionary near the vase is mine. . e d! r A - 1 - d'l 3) $rrnruruuratartarulal %%fi eJlE o{nfl lfi tilt?od{ [111{ Please open the door. 4) r{T n rit+ruffi a urur+uufi ufi ersdrL6ar1uta n The earth ooes around the sun. 5 ) rirtrri'rrirudnseir o"t fi Tom is the third son in his family. 6) ritrrirnranl-eaurfietu adjective uas adverb tit*4u4, It is the best film I have seen. 7) dmfir adject i ve ru'olffuruuT uuXuori' uasfi nerufl ilra'jrott'snrjn The rich get richer and the Poor get Poorer. 8) r"[TrrTruruiiufluilaanruiiyrrs4fiarand uriu uairi"r unraqfl? tuua naal rim The Chao Phrava is a ma.ior river in Thailand. mdnntr: artlcle 1 ) r+ru rir'lulfi / uru u"ir'lfiuXm riflteiil"ran'rs We would like to drlnk coffee. 2) doitr / nwt ,lames speaks English very well. 3) fi{r The children are playing basketball. 4) fi"aorma I usually don't eat breakfast. 5) q4nra / tun4a / tnointa We will have dinner together on Christmas. 6) ?"'r{ / lF'au / n Please come back again on Friday. 7) anTud tdu nnu rfios ilasrflFl fg nlJ Tasfasu urriflcl'la"s Queensland is in Australia. 8) tann"a'lffr6u She can't go to work because of influenza. 9) ant+d d o'tt nrerq nrlaa d s 6ir asdnrr,fr rr'r,1 Gf, tn e fir'ltud ol orLesaffi'dil ) He didn't go to school today because he was sick. wqatorui BASIC GRAMMAR E
Exercise I Complete the sentences wllh'a','an' or 'the'. 1. 'ls il _ expensive picture?" 'Yes, it is _ most expensive in the gallery." 2. 'Was it long trip?' "Yes, it is _ longest trip I have ever made.' 3. *Was it large house?" *Yes, it was _ largesl house in the village." 4. 'ls she beautlful girl?" -Yes, she is - most beautiful gtrl in the town.' 5. -Was it good hotel?' *Yes, it was best hotel in Bangkok.- complele the sentences wlth -a', 'an' or 'the'. If no arflcle ts needed put a dash (-). 1. He lives in small village in _ country. 2. I don'f like going to lheater. I prefer going to clnema 3. After dlnner, they went for walk. 4. I don't like watching - television in - mornrngs. 5. Malta is island in Medlterranean. capilal is valleila. 6. She wrole her name at top of Daoe. on right 7. It is nice day. sun is shining in _ sky 8. Where did you see film, on lelevision or at cinema? 9. 'Have you got radio?" -No, I don"t like ltstening to _ radio.' 10. The U.S.A. was _ first country to send man lo 11. I had _ big breakfast and I"m not hungry now. 12. What is longest rlver in world? 13. Why don"t you invtte your boyfriend to dinner? 14. He is _ seaman. He spends mosl of his llfe at sea 15. When I was _ boy, I used to live near sea. Choose the comect one. 1. (Women / The women) are more sensilive than men. 2. (Most / The most) people hate (violence / the violence). 3. Don't go to that restaurant. (Meals / The meals) are terrible. moon. Exercise 2 Exercise 3 ne. 4na"mni 4nroiq 20
4. (All pictures / All the pictures) on lhal wall belong to my father. 5. My sister is very inlerested ln (the arl / art). 6. (The hunting / Hunting) is very cruel somelimes. 7. They got married last year but (the marriage / marriage) was not successful. 8. Look at (lhe fruit / fruil) on lhat stand. How nice it looks! 9. In this country (the coffee / coffee) is cheaper than (the tea / tea). 10. (The cheese / Cheese) we had after lhe meal was delicious. Choose the correct answer, "1. - bench on which he is sitling is not slrong. a. A b. The c. Black d. Big 2. Which building is - hlghest in lhe city? a. much b. mosl c. the d. an 3. I am hungry. Let's stop here and have piece of cake. a. 6 b. the c. some d. any 4. I like all food they gave us. a. of b. lhe c. 6 d. those 5. .John, - man you mel yesterday, is honesl man' a. a, an b. lhe, an c. the, lhe d. a, the 6. She invited all of her friends to have dlnner wilh her thal evening. a.ab.an c. the d. 7. Things are more expensive in - U.S.A. than our country' a.ab.an c. the d' 8. Los Angeles River seldom has - waler in it' a. A.a b' A,- c. The, - d' The' the Exercise 4 n:,qa\en6 BNs\c GRNM\^AR
9. That girl in the pink dress is _ frrend of mine. a.a b.an c, the d. 10. He said he would be at _ home tomorrow morning. a.a b.an c. the d. 11. When I was _ university stuoent, I had very little money a.ab.an c. the d. to spend. 12. It is time rich srarted thinking about poorer people rn rne world. a.a b. an the 13. It was first time I l,ad been out of the country. a.ab.an c. lhe d. 14. He was sent to prison for eighteen months. a.ab.an c. the d. 15. Il is one of _ largesl planets in _ universe. a. a, a b. a, the c. the, a d. the, lhe 16. That is worsl case of violence I have ever seen a.ab.an c. the d. 17. His parents were so proud of him when he became lawyer, a.ab.an c. the d. 18. He invired me to go and play _ badminton with his friends. a.ab.an d. 19. If was exciring film wnh C d. c. the a. C. a,a fhe, a good and b. oD, a d. rhe, rhe o? {nfoalrf l.tnlofrU inleresting p/or
20. I prefer to go to bed well before midnight if I can. a. a, a b. a, the c. the, a d. 21. love has been the sub;ect of numerous novels, dramas, and poems. a.A b.An c. The d. 22. Turn TV on. There's a good program slarling soon. b. an the d. 23. His home was in United Kingdom but he spent little time there. a.ab.an c. the d. 24. My father succeeded in opening a new school for - blind. a.ab.an c. lhe d. 25. I very rarely go to work by - bus these days. a.ab.an c. the d. 26. We have plenty of - time but nol enough money. a. a, a b. lhe, - c. the, the d. 27. We decided, afler a lot of discussion, to paint door blue. a.ab.an c. the d. 28. Ot all his qualities, I think loyalty is his most outstanding. a.ab.an c. the d. 29. Police found the body of 80-year-old man. He has yet to be idenlified. a.ab.an c. the d. 30. They gave him - cup of coffee but he usually only drinks - tea. a. a,a b. a,- c. d. the, lhe a. C. a flsqErTsrEi BASIC GRAMMAR Z)
Quontifier some / any "';'ffiir;" a lrrtle / lrtle rirranrl6urnr o o\u a lew + $1el$U[O14fi]lAfi (= ilAilU'lSJ .John bough"t a few flowers for her birthday. o sl1s { ra few + u'uru"r ldurnr^ref (= riaarSounrilrifi ma) f.* p.opt. visited him in hospital. a little + uruu"n'lritff (= uofiri,rs) Susan has a little salt to cook food. I itt le + uruu"r'ler'lfi (= rioar6aumi"lrifi uaa) He has verv little monev. many / much ; many + uTurit't6'r"rXrorf (= uTn) i He did not make manv mistakes. i much + uruu"r'tri[6'(= urn) t ffuve you got much time? each / every each (= unaz) / every (= r1nd + uruuir-lfiranuorf (+ v.ranmu) Each student wants to pass the examination. each of * nrant'r'lfiuXuorf (+ v.ranued) nt, {na"oani' rlnuoirg He asked each of the students to speak English. A;; ; i ir;; ; ; ;;;;ffi ;;;;;.lffi ffi .i.,ffi ; ;,;; ;;# ;ffi iit'' rarriruruuvul frfear+nraonrila-nu$gnre'lffri,ruanrliu,rnrugiacFil Tosdsuner drfros'lf,nrufiaeuluilacmdn ??aro-{Fra1}runngilsacfl.j,rsnrr'lf,n'rranil6urnr dfipraruflu,efln5u6ssnil niu some / any 116o many / much lflufru ;",. ;' ;;;i;tni 1il#;;;;.;;"i,{lf;i lit;;;;il ;;; il;' i =' r,il i "' . The teacher bought some books. some tff(ulasTsnFilnlu udoradosnf arduolfi fiqanrrn.hrirnauovrfl n yes Would you like some coffee? a n y + u r u uiifivrX u e ffl 6 o u ru il"u'tsilfi tff($ ile sTs n ri,r n.r er tr5 a rJ fr 6 o I do not have any pencils. any tff(urlactsnuondr (= a"m'lnufftfi) I can see vou anv time on Mondav. 24
all/ none / no a I I + u'ru u"rL'ldrr4uo r[tia ururi'ulu'ld All ouestions must be answered. a I I o f + u'r u u-ulfri r4uq ffl 5 a $ru $-u't$ilfi usi fi rirti sf,"a v -t'[5 He has spent all of his money. none tfuruurerdnaireur (= tifi) Even an old car is better than none. none of + ururl't'lfiufiflefr5oilrurit"lu1fi None of this information is true. no + nruu-rl'tfiufi ilsffl ioil'rurirL"lulfi There is no food left in the fridge. both / elther nelther both (of) * nrlu"t'ldrr4uorf Both brothers work with their father. either * utruir'tfironmrf (+ v.mnuou) There are shops al either end of the street. either of + ururir.tfitXuer[ (+ v.ronueu) Could either of your friends lend me five dollars? neither * uruu"u"lfironuorf (+ v.mnuou) Neither company could succeed on its own. neither of + nruu"tifiiXucrf (+ v.uanuou) Neither of the vases has water in it. a+adJ.+n.of .ar...rt!.... i a + ad;. + number of + rmunit"ldlnunuorf (+ v.ltruou) A large number of peoPle like to play football. ia + adj. + quantity i amount i deal + u,uri'r'hilfi (+ v.ronmu) : She could give us a great deal of advice. ".....,...'.., srrqalonei BASIC GRAMMAR r..... t.t. r r. Iots/alotof ilots / a lot of / plenty of + uretuiifiuXmrf(+ v.ur4uou) plenty of : tnere were a lot of PeoPle at the concert. 'i "s / ?i'^:lj :l1H::H1"',$::.;"',il:' ". ".....i "... 25
Exercise I Complete the sentences wlth 'some'or'ant'. 1. Are there 2. There are 3. There isn't rabbits in the garden? policemen in the police stalion. milk in lhe fridge. apples here a minute ago. glasses on the table. 4. Please buy me stamps at the post office. 5. Thene were 6. There aren't 7. I have tea, but I don't have sugar. Complete the senlences wlth'some','ant','much' or'mant'. 1. A: I'd like eggs, please. B: Of course. How would you like? A: Six, please. Are there lomatoes? B: Certainly. How A: A kilo, please. do you need? I',d like olive oil. How do you need? Half a bottle. Is there flour? Certainly. How A kilo, please. do you need? complete the sentences wlth'some','ant','how much','how mant','a few' or 'a llfile'. 1. A: bananas would you like, sir? B: Just please 2. A: Can I have milk? B: Sorry, we haven't gol A: bread would you like? B: Just 2, A: B: A: B: A: 3. Exercise 2 Exercise 3 na. {nfmnd qnraeq please. milk. 26
5. 6. 4. A: carrots do we have? B: We have only A: oranges do we need? B: We don't need oranges A: sugar would you hke in your coffee? B: Just please. 7. A: Could I have - lea, please? B: Of course. Would you like biscuits, too? Choose the correct answer. 1. Henry lefi - money for his daughler in the bank, but not much. a. some b. few c. any d. more 2. I am enjoying my time here. I have friends and we get together regularly a. many b. any c. much d. a little 3. This student does not have pencils on her desk. a. some b. a little c. any d. much 4. Michael never gives his mother - helP. a. some b. any c. a few d. many 5. I don"t think Tom would be a good leacher. He"s got Patience. a. few b. httle c. a few d. a little 6. We bought loaves of bread to make sandwiches for the party. a. a few b. more c. a little d. plenty 7. I have seen - nice Poslcards in this souvenir shop. a. some b. any c. a liltle d. little B. Are there cinemas in this city? I really want to go to the movies. a. some b. any c. much d. many Exercise 4 nsqnTanci BASIC GRAMMAR 27
9. How _ people did you see in the bus? a. much b. many c. much of d. many of 10. Although my brother ls very ill, he did not take medicine. a. some b. a few c. any d. a little 11. Lisa doesn'l drlnk water when she eats. a. some b. much c. a few d. many 12. I have cereal every morning. It is good for my heallh. a. some b. any c. a few d. many 13. information about a country can be gathered from ils stamps. a. Many b. Much c. A few d. All 14. There are _ students who want lo work in our school. a. a little b. any c. little d. many 15. Thls lown is not a very interesling place to visit. Very - tourists come here. a. few b. little c. a few d. a httle 16. people think he is stupid, but he"s actually intelligent. a. A lot of b. Much c. Litle d. A little 17. How _ time do you need to ftnish the work? a. a lol of b. much c. a little d. many 18. You made mistakes. Please do this exercise again. a. very b. much c. loo many d. too much 19. Llslen carefully. I'm going to give you _ advice. a. little b. few c. a little d. a few @ na. 4na-eani Tnraaru
20. Do you have - idea of how to do lhis exercise? a. some b. a few c. any d. a little 21. I don"t need - advice from you. You don"t understand lhe problem. a. some b. any c. a few d. few 22. "Do you speak English?" "Yes, -.' a. liltle b. few c. a litlle d. a few 23. Peter works - hours every day. Thaf is why he is always tired. a. much b. many c. few d. liltle 24. Robert says thal I have to learn words in German. a. a few b. a little c. httle d. much 25. I want to save money to buy a Presenl for my mother. a. a little b. little c. a few d. few 26. There were so people at the new bookstore lhat lhere was no sPace lo stand. a. few b' many c. little d. much 27. "Can you bring soda lo the picnlc?" -l don'l have -." a. some b. any c. much d. many 28. Do you mlnd if I ask you questlons? a. few b. little c. a few d. a little 29. We are golng to be late. There is too - trafflc. a. many b. few c. much d. little 30. People don"t write letters nowadays. They use emails instead. a. many b. much c. a little d. a few ,rqutur6 gnslc GRAMMAR E
Pronoun rirdaa?{r+'ta{ Subject Object Adjective i Pronoun I we you they me US you him her it them my our your his her its their mine OUTS yours his hers its theirs he she myself ourselves yourself / yourselves himself herself itself themselves it 1) Personal Pronoun , -ts)q dr ' e . . v Jq. na n16??1,r1{1e{fl lxuTilH']SJylmgnal?n{e{1[ra2 drrurenrirrr-lrnr{lu ilecoru (nrerriorfr 1) rfanaeer (n.rersriosfr 2) Toauilsoanuilm Hffi' 1 (= f,Un)'lfiuri I, we (ilevoru) uar me, us (neeer) qfld 2 (= ffrls)'lfiuri you (r]aaoruuarneeu) qflrd 3 (= {iiqnnrirrft) lfiud he, she , n, rhey (rta;om) uar him, her, it, them (naeu) She is playing badminton with John. We will meet you at the library at 10 a.m. 2) Possesslve Pronoun na rirdaeurruf(f,uaornmulilurd.rras Tnae&hifi Fir%1usiafr1arflars urnuurnaeiufie (nrerrriasd 4) dsunndrrirdaer+nurlesmfl fi?rse1n rirqrurl'lfudorsnalerlfl%161rosiisfr'asnrari,nrrusiafr'ra (n.rars:iasii 3) This computer is hers. (= This is her computer) It is vours. I cannot see mine. 3) Reflexlve Pronoun h o n'rdaeu u r u d c fi a u n aiu ud o urTuei",r.jr r.l e s a 1 % ?ir a Jb fiaer fi u ua s ( n rar s riasii S) Tnerqsasfrls6'rer -self (ronuou) r6a -selves (uXvrou) He needs to help himself. She looked at herself in the mirror. a?. fin?0ar1{ ilflla?fl Pronoun ao riTdeauuruiirlflunuriruru uilstfln 7 rlavu"ryr fiu5sil neefi aseo{ireilrirdaeuuruiioeluHmrs'h{lfi uacuisuf, e1fl as6soeaun-s tU n"raeirsrarrirdeeflu'ruusiavrjeyrnndrfiei'nrrxvnretf,ufingirsri'uoei1{"h 30
" " . " ;)' ;;i,;*;. . " " i ; ; ;;;ffi ;; nti3il;;;,1dftd;; }.;ai.' ;'il; ;;,i; " " " " pronoun i qtnnlnrf nin this, that, such, the other, one ! gUnp,reri r{n these, those, the others, ones i These are good pens. This one is the best. : Which dresses do you want? I want the red ones. 5) Indeflnlte Pronoun fl rs tflur$rrrarloerndrrr'r{r] udsaanu{tu qrJranr'nri udr+ another, each, either, everybody, someone, anything, nothing, no one, much, little, other grlnpnri udu both, few, many, others, several grluonffii/n!ilcti rdn all, any, more, most, none, some, such There isn't anybody in the house. Some of the biscuits have been eaten. a0 6) Interrogatlve Pronoun na ri#aeur+Tuf(f,ufiurirnrn udr+ who, what, when, where, why whom, whose, which, how Who always comes late? What do you think of my painting? 6o o'rdaauuT uf,(f,riian ererulurlasTsafl a"nn"urlesleneiasrff{ifirfl n"rl ) A - t Oe " -' e tlleod uFrl'raJfianEr?1 yr..., 'il{r..., a"u... toreflf,ralaFirurufiaeifirutrir utis"lfi'oid l). "::.i:l:::1::.1. ::.:::.t*. . . . . " 7) Relattve Pronoun ilaco'ril who / that who(m) / that whose nT?a.l He is the man who came here. He is the man who my sister loves. He is the man whose house is big. trcrrrrrxr:r 2) nmirsnfiihtrian rirtrririirfl u I ileso'tilI which / that i n""n i which / that tfirtos ; whose/of which I want a book which has pictures. I want a book which she bought. I wanl a book whose cover is red. tQ1fl 0€ 3) nrrftrnritfinri, dnl'lfiuri [?a't df|'r1{Yl tllfiHA when / W'rlrYr+ which where/qurr+ which We remember the dav when Susan first arrived. This is the restaurant where my brother works. I know the reason why he i was angry. why wqatevrd BASIC GRAMMAR E I
Exercise I Complete the sentences wlth personal or reflexlve pronouns. 1. My wife complains lhat her boss always gives 2. The young bird fell from the nest and hurt _ badly 3. When you lwo boys go on holiday, enjoy careful. too much work lo do. but make sure are has is interested." 4. We were surprised when he gave _ lhe money but _ enjoyed spending il. 5. He has an elder brother who gave some advice which never fongotten. Gomplele the sentences wlth lndeflnlte pronouns. 1. John, came to see you thls morning. 2. We are nol going to do this afternoon. 3. Does have any questions to ask? I'll be pleased to answer them. 4. I've got 5. "ls to tell you. Il"s imporlanl interested in buying that piano?" 'No, Complete lhe sentences wllh lnterrogallve pronouns. 1.' ls lhal dog?' 'll's ours.' 4. 2. were you talking to?' 'l was talking to Tom." 3. one do you like? 'l like the one on the left." 5. was he late?" 'She lives in New York.' -Because he mlssed the train." does she ltve?" Comblne the two sentences uslng relaflve pronouns. 1. A vegetarian is a person. HelShe does nol eat meat Exercise 2 Exercise 3 Exercise 4 Z ae. {nioarf Inrseq
2. A dictionary is a book. It is used to look up words. 3. 4. 5. What was the name of the boy? He won lhe race. The police have caught the man. He stole my car The car broke down yesterday. I bought it last week. Exercise 5 Choose the correct answer. 1. They went to visit a friend of in Chiang Mai. a. us b. his c. them d. lheirs 2. 'Whose books are lhose?" a. Il"s mine b. It's me c. There're my books d. They're mine 3. Is thal lhe girl sister came here yesterday? a. who b. whom c. of whom d. whose 4. "l don't like these flowers very much." 'Where did you get -?" a. one b. them c. ones d. it 5. John has bouoht a book. a. herself b. himself c. yourself d. themselves 6. Mv blouse isn'l as oreltv as a. her b. your c. hers d. their 7. This is the girl painted this beautiful picture. a. who b. whom c. which d. whose B. Mike's hair is brown, but - is black. a. my b. her c. mine d. your wqalorui BASIc GRAMMAR E
9. Is this pencil or mine? a. you b. yours c. yourself d. your 10. Don't be so lazy. Do it _. a. your b. yours c. you"re d. yourself 11. Our work is not so good as a. he b. his c. him d. he"s "l,2. This is my car. Which is _? a. he b. hers c. she's d. their^ 13. The man blamed for the death of his wife. a. him b. he's c. himself d. his 14. We have had our lunch already, but Peter and Ann haven"t had _ yet. a. lheir b. them c. theirs d. they 15. This computer is - nol _. a. your, my b. yours, mine c. yours, my d. your, mine 16. This is the place I was born. a. when b. whose c. where d. who 17. I see your name on the list but I don't see _. a. me b. my c. myself d. mine 18. Bananas are delicious and don't cosl much. a. it b. il's c. lhey d. their 19. Give me your phone number and I will give you a. me b. my c. mine d. myself g oe. (nr-oar{ 4nrei'g
20. The boy book you borrowed is in my class. a. who b. which c. whom d. whose 21. I couldn't find my calculalor but Lisa let me use _. a. her b. hers c. she's d. herself 22. The boy broke the window ran away. a. who b. which c. whom d. where 23. I cul _ with the bread knife. a. me b. my c. mine d. myself 24. The players can all feel very proud of a. them b. their c. theirs d. themselves 25. My friend and _ worked very hard on our projecl. a. I b.me c. mine d. myself 26. Paul alwavs makes feel reallv anorv. a. they b. them c. they're d. lhemselves 27. My mother lold my sister and lo clean our rooms. a. I b.me c. my d. myself 28. Our holidav was oreat bul was a disaster. a. they b. their c. theirs d. them 29. Nobody saw the accident will forget il. a. who b. whom c. which d. whose 30. did you come?" "l came by train." a. Where b. Which c. How d. When wqalorei BASIC GRAMMAR E
Su biect-Verb Ag reement ilec01$sfotcfla rdaudrs and n5a both...and rltcol$rlo{da lfc,rdoro'n1 ilfiotrslo€da tfardaer{ ilas or u- nFen fi'a o o pr fra s Subj ect-Ve rb Ag ree m ent trurn-q nratf,riT n6fl 'fl fidooprfiasn"rilecor% fr fasufr aseodtirilrvotra-nur*stnfr as'lff n6Eiriinlilur1nailuanr4effi 6afl nvred ts firrlaso'rillfl ilailmnilqf nf errovfrasLfl uuanfl qf n5ofirileroruufl ugluguori nigr ff q s fr a srfl uutruo rini u6sr n"r.l + V.nnlnrf - tlohn and Sandra are moving back to New Zealand. Both rJapanese food and Korean food are expensive. rfi ailesarr.ldosn"eLfl unufl 6adl6ern"fl tnsfi the ufi ssm'rl6se + V.nnr,nri The teacher and novelist is arriving tomorrow. i rd a r]rvo'rud a s n-rrfl urueu n6 o n eju fi au6fl r n-u + V.nnrnrf Curry and rice Ls my favorite food. Hardail firs with, along with, logether with, accompanied by (= uiaufreer) besides, in addition to (= uonorn) including, plus (= arur,vr) as well as, like (= uriurdarn-r) but, except (= unuTr) + V.nflilegofliefeuen The ship. alono with its crew. was lost. ,lames, together with his friends, is going to Germany. Sue, accompanied by her parents, has been to Paris. i,i;i;;nil ;il;:;;' ilil;;;; :,,"i' "" rv -L,i ; ri;.."' .:;;-'' .' + V.nrrrh:ntrgfltno"r Peter or his brothers are going to help me. Neither her shoes nor her iag goes with the dress. Not only Tom but also his friends have finished the work. ",' 1-" " ."" uua(fl everybody, everyone, everything, somebody, someone, something, anybody, anyone, anything, nobody, no one, nothing, each, every, either, neither, many a + V.lon}nrf Each woman wears her national costume. Everyone thinks this is a good idea. Nobody in this class chooses to become a doctor. .$ each / every some / any no / elther E na. {ne"oanf lnro6rg
.A c1$2$N$ I L2A1 0 ?!g!r1{/tf1fl$-n + V.ronr,rerf (ufro v qnrfi a uqrJuluo rf usi ufrqisu5?qc$ilrsn-sfi $rardarwi, uvu) Fifty dollars is too much lo pay for this coat. Three hours is long enough for any written exam. Five weeks is a long time to wait to hear from him. 6m/damn"rf,o + V.ronr,nri Mathematics was my worst subject at school. Economics is a very interesting subject. Harry Polter was written by J.K. Rowling. $1erflenRflil tdu team, group, company, crowd, family, committee, cabinet, crew + V.nnlnrf / n$'nrf 81ila?'lttital'1fl iifrasnmda The family is the smallest unit in society. My family have always given me their full support. (#srnn'j, oatfl V.uXuor[udauanuarerurnna) il1rtflIilqf niu people, children, police, cattle, military, glasses, trousers + V.n$nri The pollce have many duties to fulfill. The cattle are raised on the field near the ranch. His trousers were slightly too short. dT anrl6uror any, some, half, most, all, none + of... + N.uonuqri + V.pnr'nrf A lot of curry has been eaten. any, some, half, most, all, none + of... + N.tr4torf + V.ryneri Most of the wonkers were ill. One of... + N.fltrilef + V.ranr,nri One of these books belongs to Paul. + N.unlor[ + who, whom, which, lhat + V.*:totf This is one of the books that were written by my son. ...number of A number of + N.uruori + V.rIn.nri (tanafis <irueuurntos...) A number of books are on the table. The number of + N.uXuorf + Vlanlnrf (nzurafis <fruautar...) The number of people we need to hire is fifteen. n;qaToYrri BASIC GRAMMAR E r r3 r r * tr * x r dr nr{rrlr n*
Exercise I Choose the correct verb ln parentheses. 1. The employees (hope / hopes) to get medical benefits from now on. 2. Tom and his brother (spend / spends) many hours together in lhe library. 3. Either my father^ or my mother (was / were) al home. I don'l remember which one. 4. The letler I (write / writes) to my good friend doesn't reach him on time. 5. Neilher .lohn nor his brothers (is / are) coming to the match this evening. 6. Each of the parlicipants (hope / hopes) to win a prize al this competition. 7. Anybody who (is /are) qualified can apply to sludy al this college. B. Several friends of mine (has / have) lost lheir jobs recently. 9. Every sludenl (has / have) to repeat the examination because no one passed il. 10. The boss, as well as his colleagues, (enjoy / enjoys) reading. 11. A number of problems (has / have) increased since we lasl mel. 12. Someone (is / are) knocking at his door but nobody (is / are) answering. Choose the correct verb ln parentheses. The first few weeks of university life can be very difficult for a new student. Firstly, lhe problem of living away from home (1 is / are) a common source of insecurily for some students. The new studenl often (2 find / finds) that life away from his family (3 is / are) difficult to begin with. Secondly, the sludent also (4 discover / discovers) lhat the new-found independence (5 is / are) dtfficult to cope with. He (6 has / have) to cook for himself and he now also (7 wash / washes) his own clothes. A student (8 is / are) responsible for living his own life perhaps for the first time and this can be a shock initially! Finally, lhe new sludent sometimes (9 face / faces) problems in the area of study. He (10 is / are) responsible for organizing his own study time and he musl ensure that he (11 do ,/ does) sufficient work lo master his subjecl and that he always (12 hand / hands) in his projects and assignments on time. Exercise 2 E ,". 4rrt*r 4nrse6u
On lhe other hand, a student also (13 need / needs) to have some kind of interest outside the classroom lo take his mind off the pressures of academlc llfe. The new studenr (14 has / have) many choices of clubs and societies which he (15 is / are) able to join and gain from at the universily. Once the inilial "shock' is over, the student can settle down to one of the mosl enjoyable and rewarding times of his life. Choose the correct answer. 1. Some people in my office very annoying. a. is b. are c. was d. been 2. The orice of these ieans reasonable. a. is b. were c. are d. to be 3. There special menus for children in each restauranl. a. is b. are c. was d. be 4. The number of road accidents increasing every year. a. is b. was c. are d. were 5. Everybody in lhe class - done the homework well in advance. a. have b. has c. to have d. having 6. One hundred dollars a lot of money for a boltle of wine. a. are b. were c. is d. be 7. Peter, as well as his younger brothers, going to study at that school a. be b. is c. are d. were B. Neither lhe teacher nor the studenls to understand lhis assignment. a. seem -*ara c. seeming d. lo seem Exercise 3 nvqalorei BASIC GRAMMAR 39
9. There little money left. We can't buy all we need. a. is b. are c. be d. were 10. The manager, along with the teachers, present at the meeting. a. was b. are c. were d. lo be 11. Somebody in the book club always to bring the book. a. forget b. fongetting c. forgets d. to forget 12. Either the teacher or the students on the blackboard. a. writes b. wrile c. writing d. wrilten 13. A number of people killed in noad accidents last week. a. is b. was c. are d. were 14. Two hours a long time to wait lo see a doclor. a. is b. are c. were d. been 15. Few mounlain climbers successfully reached the peak of Mount Everest. a. has b. was c. have d. were 16. Each of the children excited over the birthday party. a. is b. are c. be d. has 17. Everyone in the class _ found these exercises to be useful. a. having b. have c. to have d. has 18. The books borrowed from lhe library on my desk. a. is b. are c. was d. be 19. The number of slars in the sky _ counlless. a. seem b. seems c. to seem d. seeming g ae. {nfoani 4nrse{u
20. Nol only John bul also Susan lo go swimming. a. want b. are wanled c. wanls d. be wanted 21. Either the bus driver or the molorcycle rider - responsible for the accident, a. is b. were c. are d. be 22. A large number of counlries members of the United Nations. a. is b. are c. was d. been 23. Mathematics - an easy subject for some people. a. are c. were 24. The boy who won lhe lwo medals a friend of mine. a. is b. were c. are d. have been 25. The football players five miles every day. a. ran b. run c. running d. runs 26. Not only .lulie but also all of the grandchildren _ to visit grandma. a. wanls b. wanting c. want d. to wanl 27. The weather on lhe coast - to be good this weekend. a. appear b. lo aPPear c. appears d. aPPearing 28. Twenty minutes the amount of time il lakes me to get home from work a. be b. is c. been d. are 29. Each of the students _ wearing a colorful outfit at the picnic. a. was b' be c. were d. been 30. My friend from Tokyo who has lots of dogs and cals - a comPuter genius. a. is b. were c. are d. be b. d. iS be HUqerTsnci BASIC GRAMMAR g
Present Tenses !.,: "<, LfiHnlani[uflqqilh tl Tense pr a arltoIrirn6s, fi udosraaruasa-nt6tryr asrr4nmnfria nrenas?ir ur-isaanrilu 3 tense ttrqj !fuuaosnarrasrrnnmnf tr6anranas{r lfiud Present (flqqrh), Past (adn), Future (aurrrn) uacusiac tense ltrajfi"eisur.is'lffi nr{tu 4 rlacmfl €iael iisudosa"nrilsnrarfi orasufi nnrenfrianrenes{1'lfiuri S imple, Continuous, Perfect, Perfect Continuous torsuFiayileymil fi a"nrilynra'Ifl duHnsirsn"ilaanhTurrfii6ufi ufi eanlaa6rrfl nre lf,qtrasrirn6ardudnsma,rlr+fl oqriu (P resent Te nses) 1)1ff n"rnrqnraoirsanranarri.riiLilufi dfl fl 6aufi onsuuitilr.tasd,r qa. ; alnurirudnsnarudtrTanarilu aaeeil aadra rdu a I ways, usua I I y, often, sometimes, seldom, hardly, never, every... rlack often comes to work late. The birds return to the island every spring. 2 )'lff ri't nr 4 n re nini a n r ana y rir ii Lfl uef s a qj ua n o r'slu a 6 n rll o q r-u uasaillnE 16adnrtnerar[fl%eiqnruoeaar{.rct Water boils at 100 degree Celsius. The earth moves around the sun. 3)lfl n"rmmrsrearrSaum+n.redars'l5uasfl {-nfi Firuanrhndauea.ril Present Stmple (V.1-s/es) : u1{ftail The concert begins at 8 p.m. The train arrives in twenty minutes. Present Contlnuous (ts/am/are + V.tng) 1) lffnhrm n ilnilFl',r2',l now, right now, at the moment, at present They are watching TV now. He is jogging in the park at the moment. 2)1fr n"rnr4nreo{trSanrenac?i1fr ri1alrfi ofrhlr+riesf usil$i,f rLfl u - ^ -Yo .J fla{rfl4fl%[%flmsytflo My son is stuOying Chinese this semester. She is working for an advertising company. g ne. {nr-oani lnuo6rg
3) 1fln-rmqnraofirSonranazri{uournnfr rrsrur+"lSrirlvrir uac tocg Fl 1 0?1q eLfl Afl 1+U1{1{ 0?[ My friend is coming tonight. They are leaving for England tomorrow. nienurr er-rurairf, raro slulff(uqr] P res e n t Co n t i nuo u s lfruri 1) nfarfruansnaruff,n udu smell, taste, feel, sound, hear, see, seem, appear, look, notice, recognize 2) niariiudorarauof udn love, like, prefer, wish, hate 3) n6arduaosaaruda uriu thlnk, know, understand, believe, remember, forget, mean, agree, want 4) niaT iiudosnr'ruLililtd1tas rdrr own, have, belong to Present Perfect (has/have + V.3) -r Os o lJ ttnilrfiqn1?o[fl?a todH ua;rdso;8"u4oas ru"nfiritjr just, yet, already, finally, recently We have jusl received Your letter. The kids have just finished reading ihe book. 2 ) lff n'u nr q n ra o[t6 a n r ena s ?i' r ii ufi n fl*rllu o 6 n un'[eia; rla aT uu f'n u"nfirirdr ever, never, once, twice, three times Have you ever been to Paris? This is one of the best books that I have read. 3 ) tff n-r m q nra nitri o n ren a s ?i't ii ufi o fl*u'lu a 6 H ua s et-s pr s o'tfi u giarfi asureufisfl oql'u u-nfi ri'r'jr si nce (+ loriufrul attaarrSo rlasTan Past Simple), for (+ *aanaT), so far, up to now She has studied Japanese for five years. Our teacher has lived in Thailand since 2009. 4)1ff n-rnr4nraolr6anranesiriiufi ofi"ud"rlt6amaruer#slua6cl I have seen that movie more than five times. We have visited the museum several times. Present Perfect Contlnuous (has/have been + V.tng) Oeo '[dn"urr n nranittd o nrana g {r il1eHfisfl qeu'+l uasfi uilaTfiuosGirtfi usiolillil0fl1Flsl .Jim has been waiting for Tom for two hours. He has been rePairing this house for four years -j^ go - fl rnafl 1[ [1{aofl uauel{n{n1t1{1{ HArl{A{ wqaTonei BASIC GRAMMAR i...:'! 43
Exercise I Use the presenl slmple of the verbs tn parentheses. 1. .lohn never (go) to work late. 2. My father sometimes (watch) lelevision in the mornings. 3. It occasionally (rain) in summer, but nol very oflen. 4. We always (speak) English in the English class. 5. My parents (go) oul to dinner on Saturdays 6. Jane usually (kiss) her children good night 7. This soldier never (obey) orders. B. Mr^. Brown (go) to Paris two or lhree times a year. 9. These people (come) to this place every week. 10. The sun (rise) in lhe east and (set) in the wesl. Use ellher lhe present stmple or the present contlnuous of lhe verbs ln parentheses. 1. He (go) to lhe Filness Center at least three times a week. 2. I can"t come out tonight. I (do) my art assignmenl 3. This student (study) hard and always (get) good grades. 4. Lasl semester I sludied Chinese but this semester I (study) Japanese. 5. I (love) my brothers and sisters very much although we oflen argue Add 'slnce' or'for' to the sentences below 1. This is a veny old bicycle. I"ve had it years. 2. My father hasn't had a holiday ages. 3. I haven't had a holiday 2012. 4. It's been raining early this morning. 5. We've been learning English 6. She's been learning French 7. My parenls have been married a very long time. Oclober last year. Exercise 2 Exercise 3 oa. {nfoani'Inraiq 25 years. 44
8. Mr. and Mrs. .lohnson have been married 2005. 9. I have studied lhe piano I was five. 10. These students have been reading nine o"clock. Choose the correcl answer. 1. You will feel better after you lhe medicine. a. will take b. had taken c. have taken d. will have taken 2. Whenever the old woman hears a sad slory, she -. a. weeps b. will weeP c. would weep d' has wePt 3. Molher Don"t dislurb her'. a. sleeps b. has slePt c. is sleeping d. will have slePt 4. I can't go out because I - mY work. a. will not finish b. have not finished c. did not finish d. do not finish 5. I - your teacher lomonrow so I will give her your note. a. saw b. am seeing c. have seen d. have been seeing 6. This is the firsl time anybodY - in climbing thal mountain. a. succeeds b. has succeeded c. succeeded d. had been succeeding 7. Nowadays my falher to work by bus. a. goes b. went c. has gone d. used to go 8. When you your work, you may leave the room. a. do b. did c. have done d. had done 9. lhe manager yet? Now is your chance lo do so. a. Haven't you met b' Don"t You meet c. Aren'l you meeling d. Weren't you meeting Exercise 4 nrqatorri BASIC GRAMMAR 45
10. Eat your breakfast before you _ out b. will go d. are going 15. The boy Japan many times. a. visited b. is visiting c. has visiled d. was visiting The boss my application for promotion. a. consider b. considers c. is considered d. is considering I _ from him since last July. a. do nol hear b. did not hear c. was nol hearing d. have nol heard The moon around lhe earth. a. goes b. is going c. wenl d. was going Mike's father a new house. Mike is living lhere now. a. has just bought b. had;ust bought c. will have bought d. would just buy They - to aerobics class lwice a week. a. go b. are going c. were going d. have gone We - a lol of fun with the new video games at the moment a. have b. had c. are having d. were having Indians a lot of curry and spicy dishes. a. eal b. are eating c. are ealen d. have eaten Your perfume _ rather- nice. What is il? a. smells b. will smell c. is smelling d. was smelling I - my work already. I'm ready to go for a walk with you. a. finish b. am finishing c. have finished d. have been finishing a. go c. to go 12. 13 14 16. 17 18. 11. 19 20 oa. {nfoanf InraSrU 46
21. Our daughler has good memory. She - everything. a. remember b. remembers c. is remembering d. has remembered 22. I - breakfast right now. Can you call a little later? a. cook b. am cooking c. have cooked d. have been cooking 23. Don"l take those books. They lo you. a. belong b. belonged c. do not belong d. will belong 24. Susan is good at languages. She French, Spanish, and German. a. speaks b. is sPeaking c. has spoken d. has been sPeaking 25. We - for their answers for lwo monlhs already. a. wait b' are waiting c. will wait d. have been waiting 26. So far, the leacher five stories for children. a. writes b. is writing c. has writlen d. will be writing 27. "Where is John?" *He - his car in the garage." a. repairs b. is nePairing c. repaired d' has rePaired 28. I love this film. I - it four or five times already. a. see b. saw c. have seen d. had seen 29. I can"t leave now. I - for an imporlant lelephone call. a. wail b. am waiting c. was wailing d. had been waiting 30. Up to now, I - any opportunily to check this information. a. do not have b. have not had c. had not had d. will not have n;qaTorei BASIC GRAMMAR 47
Post Tenses LffiHnlanit 1,{aaFl d I Past Slmple (Y.2) Past Slmple (V.2) P a s t T e n s e s fi t{ 1 el o-{ e il I a s ri1 n 6s I fi'ud o s re at ua v a-n u r* y r a s nr 4 nT eofiirfi on-1'lr ad m ur.i s"[6'ufl r 4 r]acm rej aEI lffud S i m p I e, a-r,nuou., Perfect, Perfect Continuous firicruprrafinur ua s q o 6ir a"n r rx c n ratff I o s uci a y ilfl m fl fiug n Fi r s nh a a n'hj 1)lf, n"rnr4nranfr6onmneyrirdufi on*uuasquasufi rTua66er-nfi rftjT yesterday, last night/week/month, ...dgo, in 2009 They had dinner at eight last night. When I was five, my father gave me a bicycle. 2)1fl n"run4nreofr6onranes{riirfi ofr"ulfl urlerritrSoLfl r.lfi #efl u a6n uac'lil'lfi?i'rufr'a1ufl oqr"u arqfi Firudasnrrerfi uSoorruriaereru aqjfira (niuudflan"il Present Simple) udu always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, hardly, never, every... This student was always absent last semester. She usually got up early when she was here. udaudonnmnayri'r rs ago. a ^ ad qo I er 2 2a laun 1) nrern-u ed iifr"reFirnisrdasfr 1 (r5an.jr Regular Verb) 2) nranJdar+qr.trirniartnei (6andr I rre gular Verb) (4ufrarrrfi urarurfi errnhn6fl r 3 riostr+trrT,r 203) na'nrnafi u ed iifiT s ri.rnierloe nt'alldruln qj nrer fr o 1 ) fi ai f, 1) rfru ed 16'ras niu looked, walked, called, wanted 2) asfrrad'aa e unn d'lfiuaer nir+ hoped, tasted, noticed 3) fi 1 ils1rri' 1 dtz 1 fridxna trirdugt"aasno6n 1 n-a ufierclu ed nir+ stopped, zipped, shopped 4) asfr'rafr'aa y uarffrrtrfirrflr+ufrgtur utt6ar+ y uflr i ufietfru ed uriu flied, studied, carried 5) arfr'raA'ra y ua;frrurrirliluaes rslflr ed'[6'uae udr+ played, staved. enioved f oa. {nr-oani 4nreir.g
-\ Oso . J. u ^ lJ ttntrllqn1?orr?afl1tn?r?11?ln1a{[fl o-l il snlnqofi${fla{ O - | )v te [?a1 Ll{0FIn ]t.nilO1usilan[2a1TXots1{?2ila_fl n?El He was sleeping at this time yesterday. At 9 o'clock they were having breakfast. 2)'lff n-rur4nranftr6anranasf rfr rfi nflsulfi aAHmsnni'oq-sfl as . -l- g t a . u . a -r drudturqnr?nlfi ?0fl 'rtnf stl'tiltn afl il3J1na$fl e0n1a{o1[t{1{09 'f f, P a s t to n ti n uous uastfl Hnl?ofiiffi ot--ufi tei's tr5autenuffrur tf, Past Simple Ineil'nfiFirtdaenlestern triu when, while, as I was washing the dishes when the phone rang. As he was walking down the road, he saw .lim. 3)lfr n-tnr4nmnit6anmnec?i1iirfi nfl*uuff aarn"utua6cltoaectfl n6ar'tr+qrJ Past Continuous n's{ While he was watching TV, she was reading. I was jogging while they were Playing tennis. dTnrne{ + rfinurm . -A t , rfl4nmofu?n rfiafiuriar+ / rha"srirrfiuaqi = Past Continuous eJ ^9. rrnn,eoifidos rfion-ufifla"s / uranuffiat'r = Past Simple -Jeo nnlttll?ollflll rrqnraoiuan = Past Continuous rflqnmofiidas = Past Continuous 'lf,n"rrrqnran[n6a e4 ua 3at a{ n 0 ila ntfi H nmf[fi ld{ tuadn u"nfiriT'jT before, after, when, by..., by the time tosSnrfl fl nran[tSanmnasliriirfi onrilmfi trai'slfl Past Simple He had been ill for a long lime when he died. They had locked all the doors before they left' ,- Past Perfecl ilffnrfiamn"t Past Perfect , a- g ; ugtrl{ldt2{t?A1Ttfl nfl 1[ag''l€a0t$a{ Contlnuous When I found her, she had been crying for hours. (had been + V.lng) i I had been cooking for two hours when he came. finrien = Past Perfecl n6o Past Perfect Continuous rfinfimt = Past Simple Past Gontlnuous (was/were + V.lng) Past Perfect (had + V.3) nrqahrei BASIC GRAMMAR g
Exercise I Use the past stmple of the verbs tn parentheses. 1. Last year I (go) to England on holiday 2. It (be) 3. I (be) 4. We (visit) a lot of inleresting places. 5. In the mornings we (walk) 6. In the evenings we (go) 7. The weather (be) B. It (not, rain) 9. But we (see) 10. Where fantastic. with two friends of mine a lot you (spend) in the streets of London. to pubs. slrangely fine. some beautiful rainbows. your last holiday? E@ Use ellher fte past slmple or lhe past contlnuous of the verbs tn parentheses. 1. I (see) 2. It (rain) my first baseball game when I (live) in New York me. US. the tree. her tea so we (decide) to stay al home all afternoon. 3. What _ you (do) at rhe rime rhe accident (happen) 4. I (wrire) an email to my sister when she (call) 5. We (discuss) oun problems at work when Peter (loin) 6. Andrew (drive) recklessly when his car (hit) 7. She (be) so upset by the news that she (dr-op) and (start) crying Use elther the past slmple or the past perfect of lhe verbs ln parentheses. 1. By the time I (leave) universiry, I (be) to France five times 2. How many bottles of beer the pub? ? Exercise 3 E o?. finxG'at% ilflla?nl he (drink) before he (leave)
3. When we (get) home, we (see) that someone (break) in to steal the DVD recorder 4. I (not, realize) that I (lose) my credit cards until I (try) to pay for dinner at the reslauranl 5. When we (arrive) at her house, we (discover) (cook) dinner for us. Choose the corecl answer. 1. I - a shower when you called. a. take b. was taken c. took d. was taking 2. My brother had never been to Europe until he there last year. a. wenl b. will go c. had been d. was going 3. Sharon very sick but she decided to go out anyway. a. feels b. was feeling c. felt d. has been feeling 4. I - to go swimming but the water was loo cold. a. want b. wanted c. am wanting d. have wanted 5. When I first saw her, she on lhe balcony. a. stands b. was standing c. stood d. had been standing 6. Paul usually listens to lhe radio, but last night he - a book. a. read b. reads c. had read d. was reading 7. Ann - early when she staYed here. a. gets up b' will get uP c. has gol up d. used to gel uP B. It was too lale. Mr. Smith when I arrived. a. already leaves b. has already left c. already left d' had alreadY left lhat she Exercise 4 ,rqrTurri BASIC GRAMMAR E
9. What _ at nine o'clock yesterday? a. were you doing b. have you done c. had you done d. have you been doing 10. When he arrived home, he found that someone his book. a. lakes b. took c. will take d. had taken 11. When you called, I _ English. a. studied b. was studying c. have been studying d. would be studying 12. The students _ their homework two hours ago. a. finished b. were finishing c. had finished d. had been finishing 13. When I television, the door bell rang. a. watched b. am walching c. was watching d. had watched 14. He _ a new car last month, but he doesn't really like it. a. bought b. was buying c. had bought d. had been buying 15. I burned my finger while I breakfast. a. cooked b. was cooking c. had cooked d. had been cooking 16. My uncle for twenty years when he finally quit smoking. a. smoked b. was smoking c. would smoke d. had been smoking 17. I _ you yesterday because my telephone was out of order. a. didn't call b. hadn'l called c. wasn't calling d. hadn't been calling 18. He was wailing for his bus when the robbers _ him. a. attacked b. were ailacking c. had attacked d. had been attacking 19. I saw that my son so I decided not to wake him up. a. slept b. was sleeping c. had slept d. had been sleeping g oe. {nr-oar[ Inraaru