DUW10012 Occupational Safety and Health (OSH)

TRAINING &
I N F O R M AT I O N

EMPLOYER TO ENSURE

Committee members Act & Legislation
understanding and Code of Practices
knowledge on the
function of the
committee.

Availability of an Technical Information
adequate document Operational Information

& information for
SHC

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EMPLOYER SHOULD NOT

Disclose any Disclose individual
information which matters unless
would be prejudicial to consented to its
national security. disclosure

Provide any Information obtained
information other by the employer for
than for Safety &
Health or welfare at legal matters.

work

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Who contravene any of the provision
of these regulation shall be guilty of

an offence -
Fine not exceeding RM 5000 and
imprisonment not more than 6 month

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52

53

TOPIC 2.3 ROLES
OF THE

MANAGEMENT

54

TOPIC 2.3 : EXAMPLE
OF PROCEDURES

INJURY / ILLNESS
REPORTING

NEW EMPLOYEES

RISK ASSESSMENT
RELEVANT LEGISLATION

RULES FOR VISITORS

EMERGENCY PLANS
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE

EQUIPMENT

CONSTRUCTION
SAFETY

CONFINED SPACE
ENTRY

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POLICY Only be changed by the
PROCEDURE Management and are mandatory.

GUIDELINES Used by Safety & Health to
promote adherence to
management policy and are
mandatory.

Recommended
methods/statements with the
objective of achieving certain
standards or outcomes.

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SAFETY HAND-BOOKS & Contractor Safety Handbook.
MANUALS Laboratory or Workshop
SAFETY MANAGEMENT manuals.

JOB SAFETY Safety and Health policies,
procedures/guidelines which
govern all aspects of task
planning

Safety Management Plan

Safety and Health Policies,

Procedures and Guidelines
(Handbooks/Manuals).

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D O C U M E N TAT I O N
(PROCEDURES)ARE
REQUIRED WHEN ;

A consistent and standard
approach is required.

Risky, hazardous or complex
operation -sequence and
detailed steps

Need to be captured and
communicated to others

avoided repeated.

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Q&A

1.Which of the following is NOT falls under
OSH main objective?

i. to provide a safe and healthy working
environment.
ii. to protect the workers welfare
iii. to improve productivity
iv. to provide a dangerous workplace for workers.

2.Which of the following is CORRECT for
OSH Act was implemented in Malaysia?

i. 1988
ii. 1990
iii. 1992
iv. 1994

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Q&A

3. What is the management system
standard that related with OSH
Management System (OSHMS) in
Malaysia?

i. MS1722:2011
ii. MS1722:2022
iii. MS1742:2024
iv. MS1724:2034

4. Which of the following is NOT one of the
components OSH Management System
(OSHMS) MS1722:2003?

i. Policy
ii. Organizing
iii. Evaluation
iv. Reporting to DOSH

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Q&A

5. How many of worker representative
should be in the Safety and Health
Committee is the total workers in the
organization is less than 100 peoples?

i. 1
ii. 2
iii. 3
iv. 4

ANSWER

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CHAPTER 3 :
INCIDENT PREVENTION

62

COURSE CONTENTS

1. Understand the concept of incident

2.Understand principle of incidents
prevention

3. Understand accident causation theories

4. Understand incident prevention costs

5. Know incident prevention programme

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3.1
CONCEPT OFINCIDENT

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WHAT IS INCIDENT?

An incident is – unexpected,
unplanned event in a sequence of

event

o That occurs through a combination of causes

Which result in -:

Physical Damage to
harm property

A near Any
miss combination
of these effect

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What is accident?

An accident is an
undesired event that
results in personal
injury or property

damages

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Types Of Incident

Cause? Immediate injury or damage
to equipment or property
● A forklift dropping a load
● Someone falling off a ladder
That occur over an extended period :

illness resulting
from exposure to

chemical

Hearing
loss

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3.2
PRINCIPLE OF INCIDENTS

PREVENTION

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6 PRINCIPLE OF INCIDENT
PREVENTION

1. Incident prevention is 2. Top management must
good management lead

3. Management and 4. There must be an
workers must fully OSH POLICY

cooperate

5. Must have organization 6. Best available information
and resources to and technology must be
applied
implement the OSH policy

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Three Model Of Accident
Theories

Heinrich’s theory

Multiple Causation Theory

Saturno

Bird’s Loss Causation Theory

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HEINRICH’S THEORY

Publish by?
HERBERT
W.HEINRICH
Five factor in sequence
(DOMINO THEORY )

An injury from an accident is the
result of a series of events or

circumstances that is dependent
on each other

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Heinrich Domino Theory

Source from -http://www.hrdp-
idrm.in/e5783/e17327/e24075/e27357/

72

HEINRICH’S DOMINO
THEORY 1930

❑ Social environment and ancestry
❑ Fault of the person (carelessness)
❑ Unsaved act or condition
❑ Accident
❑ Injury

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THREE BASIC CAUSE OF
ACCIDENT

Source from -https://www.slideserve.com/gloria-
owens/accident-investigation

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LACK OF MANAGEMENT
CONTROL

Management responsible for ;
o Selection of workers
o Machinery and equipment
o System of work
o Infromation and training
o Supervision, etc

The accident prone worker is
a false approach.
It is like blaming the victim
instead of the perpetrator

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MUTIPLE CAUSATION
THEORY

Credit by – teks book OSH

76

MUTIPLE CAUSATION
THEORY

Poor lighting Incident
Don’t look where to go ( Trip / Fall)
Wood block the path way

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BIRD LOSS CAUSATION
THEORY

By? When?
FRANK E. BIRD In 1970

Injuries are For every accident
caused by there are immediate
accidents
causes that are
related to

operational errors

The absence of a
system of effective
control permits the
existence of the factors
referred to a basic
causes

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THE ACCIDENT PIRAMID

Credit by – OSH teks book

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The Comparison of Accident
Theories

✓ MUTIPLE CAUSATION THEORY
- A single unsafe act or condition may or

may not cause an accident but both are
cause by lack of management control

✓ BIRD LOSS CAUSATION
MODEL

- In line with schewhart (1930’s) theory
of quality control

✓HEINRICH’S THEORY IS
WEAK AND NEGATIVE
- Blaming victim and lack system
thingking, continual improvements,
upstreams control and worker
participation

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INCIDENT PREVENTION
CAUSE

DESIGN For example ;
COSTS • To

install

machine

guard

OPERATIONAL For example ;
COST • Training cost, PPE,

etc

SAFE GUARDING For example ;
THE FUTURE • Health surveillance,
COST
audit, etc

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DESIGN COST

➢ Installing machine guard to
protect worker

➢ Set up new / better safety device
at workplace

➢ Installing jig / equipment to
reduce risk at workplace

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OPERATIONAL COST

Hire a HSO Buying a PPE for
worker

Running a safety
department

Running a safety
training / program

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SAFETY GUARDING OF
FUTURE COST

The planning and
consequence-limiting costs
which refer to “safeguarding

the future”

Example ;
The costs of environmental
sampling or the costs of safety

audits.

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Link for Quiz

● https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScysP
ctKSVwGfWpMqPAJKWlep3ImMNvD8fD3vkRv
HpHC261XA/viewform?usp=sf_link

ANSWER?

85

CHAPTER 4
HAZARD
IDENTIFICATION,
RISK ASSESMENT &
RISK CONTROL

86

TABLE OF CONTENTS

01 02

Understand Know Types Of
Hazard, Risk Hazard
And Danger
04
03
Understand Risk
Understand Risk Control
Assesment

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4.1

UNDERSTAND
HAZARD, RISK &

DANGER

88

Hazard

• A source or a situation with
a potential for harm in terms
of human injury or ill health,
damage to property, damage
to the environment or a
combination of these

Risk

• Risk is something that we as
individuals live with on a
day-to-day basis.
Combination of Likelihood
of an occurrence and
severity of consequences

Danger

• Relative exposure to hazard

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4.2

TYPES OF
HAZARD

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SOURCE OF HAZARD

1. Man • Unsafe acts

• Instalation, layout and 2. Machinery
design of equipment

3. Materials • Substance such as
chemicals and glases
use in the workplace

• The way people carry 4. Method
out their work

5. Media • Workplace condition i.e.
air quality, ventilation,
lighting, noise, vibration.

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TYPES OF HAZARD

Physical hazard
- Mechanical hazard

1 - Electrical hazard

2 Biological hazard

3 Chemical hazard

4 Psychological hazard

5 Ergonomic hazard

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PHYSICAL HAZARD

MECHANICAL

Mechanical hazards are created by
the powered operation of apparatus
or tools. The applied power may be
electrical or human. Tools or
apparatus have three locations where
mechanical hazards can exist:
1. The point of operation.
2. The point of power transmission.
3. The area of moving parts.

ELECTRICAL

Electrical hazards are caused by
1. The improper use of machinery or
apparatus
2. The improper use of electrical outlets.
3. The improper use of electrical equipment,
such as cable and power cords.
4. The improper maintenance of apparatus,
outlets and electrical equipment.

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BIOLOGICAL
HAZARD

Sources of biological hazards
may include bacteria, viruses,
insects, plants, birds, animals,
and humans. These sources
can cause a variety of health
effects ranging from skin
irritation and allergies to
infections, cancer and so on.

CHEMICAL
HAZARD

A chemical hazard is any
substance that can cause harm,
primarily to people. Chemicals of
all kinds are stored in our homes
and can result in serious injuries
if not properly handled.
Household items such as bleach
can result in harmful chlorine gas
or hydrochloric acid if carelessly
used.

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PSYCHOLOGICAL

HAZARD

Psychosocial hazards include

but aren’t limited to stress,

violence, sex harassment and

other workplace stressors. Risks

to psychological health at work

may arise from organizational or

personal factors, with the major

factors being poor design of

work and jobs, poor

communication and

interpersonal relationships,

bullying, occupational violence

and fatigue. ERGONOMIC

HAZARD

An ergonomic hazard is a

physical factor within the

environment that harms the

musculoskeletal system.

Ergonomic hazards include

themes such as repetitive

movement, manual handling,

workplace/job/task design,

uncomfortable workstation height

and poor body positioning.

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EXAMPLE OF HAZARD

Classification Example of Potential Sources of
of Hazards Hazards

Mechanical Pinch points, sharp points and edges,
overload or force a tool beyond its
Electrical capabilities and grinding wheel without
guard
Biological
Chemical Electrical cord insulation damaged,
Ergonomics electrical face plate or cover broken or
Psychological missing and fan cord insulation pulled
Loose

Exposed to airborne and blood borne
viruses, bacteria and fungus

Exposed to carcinogens chemicals,
sensitizers and corrosive chemicals.

Repeated exposure to unnatural postures
and unnatural movement, wrong design of
workstation, tools and task.

Stress, sexual harassment and violent at
work.

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4.3

UNDERSTAND RISK
ASSESMENT

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DEFINITION RISK ASSESMENT

The process of evaluating the risk
arising from hazards at work

Risk assesment results is
documented and used for:

1. Risk control in OSH
management

2. Future reference and review

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