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space has also been provided as the design consist of a boat element to strengthen the
fishermen’s culture vibe.

Figure 5.38: Section B-B’
Section C-C’ in figure 5.39 shows the area of Alur Layar Apit which focuses on
commercial and Benteng Layar Labun which more focusing on recreational and local
protection purposes. Alur Layar Apit consists of a shop lot building that will be enhanced
with the landscape element. Benteng layer Labun area will consist of a seafood café, pergola
area, play space area for children, and rhu trail zone which is located along the sea-side area.

Figure 5.39: Section C-C’
Figure 5.40 illustrated section D-D’ which consists of Gapura Layar Tanjak which
focuses on the cultural area. This area will be provided with two types of the market which
are name Bazar Nelayan 1 and Bazar Nelayan 2. Bazar Nelayan 1 which is the dry market is

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provided for selling processing products from seafood and Bazar Nelayan 2 is a wet market
that is for selling fresh seafood from the sea.

Figure 5.40: Section D-D’

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5.4 Planting Concept
“Man-Nature Protection” is the overall planting concept for “Singgah Layar

Nelayan”. The planting concept is focusing on several strategies to address the issues and
main project aim. The planting concept is divided into three strategies which are Seaside
Garden, Meditative landscape, and Dungun’s significant identity.

Figure 4.41: Planting concept
SEASIDE GARDEN
Seaside Garden focuses on selecting plants that can handle strong wind and salt sprays. The
seaside hardy plants help to control erosion and provide a breaker from blowing sand. The
native coastal planting such as Casuarina equisetifolia will be retained with added more
softscape elements as the natural buffer on site.

Casuarina Equisetifolia Cocos Nucifera

MEDITATIVE LANDSCAPE
The second strategy is a meditative landscape which is focusing on the fishermen’s

community to rejuvenate and restore their emotional and psychological balance after

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experiencing fatigue life of the whole day as described before in the design concept stage.
Native plants with low maintenance will help with relaxation such as Syzygium grande and
Cananga Odorata.

Syzygium grande Cananga Odorata

DUNGUN’S SIGNIFICANT IDENTITY

The last one is Dungun’s significant identity. This strategy will emphasize significant

softscape elements of Dungun and the community such as the Dungun tree which is
Dungun’s official tree, the Gajus tree which is the fishermen’s significant tree, Penaga Laut,

and the Takoma tree which is a must-have in landscape design as listed in landscape master

plan of Dungun.

Heritiera littoralis Dryand Anacardium occidentale

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5.5 Detail Development area plan
This section enlightens the development area plan in this project. The development area

plan is a portion of the proposed master plan that is developed in detail to show all the
possible elementary designs. The chosen site to be further developed happened to be in Teluk
Layar Kolek area. In this part, the discussion will cover the design brief, the planting
selection, hardscape elements, and innovative design ideas, with the illustration of sections
and perspectives.
5.5.1 Introduction

Teluk Layar Kolek area combines two types of spaces which are spaces that are related
to fishermen’s activity analogy or culture and commercial space. Fishermen’s culture area is
an introduction to Dungun town identity that welcomes visitors to Kuala Dungun that is filled
with cultural character and beauty of scenery while the commercial area act as an economic
booster for locals that apply the culture of fishermen.
5.5.2 Aim and objectives

This detailed development area aims to transform the fisheries hub into an economic
hotspot and an aquaculture tourism center by maintaining the fishermen’s culture. The
objectives are to create an exciting fishermen’s culture area that can capture memorable
values to the users, to provide a journey of the cultural environment that can be experienced
and appreciated by the users, and to provide various spaces for sources of income for local as
well as give choices of exciting spaces to the visitor.
5.5.3 Reason and justification

The reason why this area had been chosen as the detail development area is as it is
located at the riverside area of the proposed site that can be as a new attraction and this area
can be seen far away from another village. The second reason is the innovative structure
proposed reflects the identity of fishermen’s culture and functions as an alert system for

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locals and visitors to face monsoon season. This new area of attraction will act as a landmark
to the visitors to support local’s income and strengthen the identity of Kuala Dungun. Lastly,
the type of plant selection helps to avoid disaster effects during the monsoon season.
5.5.4 Design concept
The design concept for this development area is Teluk Layar Kolek which is the area
proposed for fishermen’s routine activity. Kolek refers to the boat and also as a floating area
that is suitable for the fishermen’s port area as illustrated in figure 3.3.

Figure 5.42: Kolek area
Teluk Layar Kolek is an impressive cultural area that is illustrated by the geographical site
and the existing culture of the fishermen’s community that is complement by the natural
surroundings.
5.5.5 Design ideas
There are a few design areas that will be implemented in this proposed area such as the
aquaculture and tourism combination strategy, windbreaker, and fishermen’s culture as
illustrated in figure 5.43.

WINDREAKER 140
Figure 5.43: Design ideas

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Aquaculture and tourism combination strategy mean the activity of aquaculture is friendly
for visitors which is not only for fish farming purposes only but also as an attraction for
tourism. It is focusing on aquaculture and fish farming activities that can be visited and the
visitor can enter and experience the process of fish farming in the stipulated area.

A natural windbreaker is an important design strategy for this proposed area as it is an
effort to protect the area from environmental destruction during the monsoon season. A
natural windbreak is a planting usually made up of one or more rows of trees or shrubs
planted in such a manner as to provide shelter from the wind and to protect soil from erosion.
They are commonly planted in hedgerows around the beachside area. If designed properly,
windbreaks around an area indirectly can reduce the cost of heating and cooling and save
energy.

The last design idea is implementing the fishermen’s cultural elements. It is focusing on
using the elements, materials, and concepts derived from the identity of fishermen’s culture
and community to strengthen their identity in the proposed site. Most of the elements will be
used materials such as wooden or anything that illustrated the pattern of wood as the
fishermen’s community itself is surrounded by wooden structures.
5.5.6 Space programming

The space programming for this detailed development area is divided into five main areas
which are loading, commercial, boat landing, resting area, and seafood and aquaculture spot
area. The loading area will consist of a parking area and a warehouse for fishermen to store
their seafood. For the commercial area, there will be two types of markets that will be
provided which are wet market and dry market. The wet market is proposed for the fishermen
to sell their fresh seafood while the dry market is food for the locals to sell the processing
product from the seafood.

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For the boat landing area, there will be two types of jetty which one jetty for medium
boats and two jetties for medium boat. Two types of jetty were provided to prevent the boat
from colliding while at anchor. The seating area will consist of a center hub for a visitor to
get assistance or help if needed and also a seating area. Last is the seafood and aquaculture
spot which is an aquaculture hub, fish cages and breakwater will be provided as illustrated in
figure 3.3.

Figure 5.44: Space programming
5.5.7 Functional diagrams

The functional diagram for this detailed development area is divided into four
diagrams which are zoning, fishermen’s material element, connectivity, and activities.

The first functional diagram is zoning. The zoning of the proposed area is divided into
five main areas which are the loading area, commercial area, boat landing area, resting area,
and seafood, and aquaculture spot. All these areas are proposed based on the suitability of the
site itself to complement the need and function of the space.

The second functional diagram focuses on fishermen’s material elements that will be
provided in the proposed site. There will be an aquaculture hub, fish cages, jetties, and
warehouses. An aquaculture hub will be located on the river as the hub center for aquaculture
and fish farming activities. A few fish cages will be provided near the aquaculture as the

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place to place to store the fish. Jetties and warehouses will be located close to each other to
facilitate the activity of unloading marine catch from the jetty area to the warehouse as
illustrated in figure 5.45.

Figure 5.45: Functional diagrams 143
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The third functional diagram is regarding the connectivity of the overall detail
development site. There will be two main entrances will be proposed as both are located
along the main road. The main road is the Jalan Pasar, which is from Kg Bijangga, and Jalan
Tanjung, which is from Dungun town. For the pedestrian walkway, the pavement will be
proposed in each area to create accessibility between one space to another.

The last functional diagram is the activity proposed on the site. There will be three types
of activities proposed such as recreational, fishermen’s lifestyle and local business.
Recreational proposed is the minor activity while local business activity was the major
activity in the site as the area strategic for economic growth development and located near to
the area for fishermen’s lifestyle activity.

5.5.8 Schematic plan
The schematic plan illustrated the rough idea of designing the detailed development area.

There are five main provided as mentioned in the section before. Seafood and aquaculture
spot areas are provided as the main sources of income for fishermen during the monsoon
season as they cannot go to the sea during the period. This area consists of an aquaculture hub
and a few fish cages while the resting area is provided with a planter box with seating for the
visitor to relax under the shady tree. There is three boat-shaped structure for the visitor to
sightseeing along the river. The innovative design for the monsoon season also will be
located here as this area is strategic for people to see it from far away.

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.
Figure 5.46: Schematic plan
The boat landing area consists of two types of jetties which are jetty for small and
medium-size boats as illustrated in figure 5.46. This is to avoid any friction or collision
between boats of different sizes. For the commercial area, it is divided into two which are wet
market and dry market. The wet market provided for fishermen to sell their fresh seafood
while the dry market provided for locals to sell their processed products of seafood and the
loading area consists of a few warehouses for fishermen to store their fresh seafood before
selling or exporting it to another area. This area also consists of parking for buyers and lorry
to export the product.
5.5.9 Detail development area plan
The idea of proposing the Teluk Layar Kolek area is inspired by the existing activities
and plants located along this riverside area. To enhance the fishermen’s community identity
of the spaces, the concept was further achieved in the overall planting concept. Besides, this
space is designed to enhance the activities as well as to enliven the riverside area. It is also to
create a space that gives benefits to the locals in terms of economic growth.

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Figure 5.47: Detail development area plan
5.5.9.1 Sections
There are four sections which are sections A-A’, B-B’, C-C’, and D-D’ provided for this
detailed development stage.

Section A-A’ illustrated three areas of the proposed site which are the help center
area, dry market area, and wet market area. There is a help center hub located at the entrance
to assist tourists to have a better journey. The dry market area provided for locals to sell their
processed products from seafood while the wet market provided for fishermen to sell their
fresh seafood. Both market areas are using tensile structure as their shading structure. There
are Cocos nucifera and Rhus Typina planted around the area as the windbreaker species as
illustrated in figure 5.48.

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Figure 5.48: Section A-A’
Figure 5.49 illustrated section B-B’ which presents Jalan Pasar as the main road from
Kuala Dungun town and Kg Bijangga. The green area consists of windbreaker and salt-
tolerant species such as Terminalia Catappa and Casuarina Equisotifolia to face the monsoon
season while the resting area will consist of an innovative design structure which is Layar
Nakhoda structure for an early warning system for monsoon season. For the help center area,
the building structure uses the houseboat concept to strengthen the identity of the fishermen’s
place while the view corridor area will consist of a pedestrian walkway along the river and a
few boat-shaped structure for visitors to sightseeing.

Figure 5.49: Section B-B’
Section C-C’ as illustrated by figure 5.50 shows the Sungai Dungun area, resting, and green
area. Generally, Sungai Dungun is the main river which is the primary route for fishermen to

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enter the fisheries’ hub area. There will be the pyramidal and conical shapes of trees provided
at the frontline of the resting area to face strong wind during the monsoon season. Araucaria
Cunninghamii and Rhus typhina were planted there as these trees are suitable along the
coastal area.

Figure 5.50: Section C-C’
Figure 5.51 illustrated section D-D’ which consists of the jetty, breakwater, and
aquaculture spot areas. Two types of jetty are provided which is for small and medium size of
boat. The purpose of the breakwater that had been provided is to block big waves for
aquaculture purposes and the aquaculture itself is the main source of income during the
monsoon season for fishermen. A few fish cages are provided near to aquaculture hub for fish
farming activity. Terminalia Catappa and Casuarina Equisotifolia are the main species had
been planted along this area.

Figure 5.51: Section D-D’ 148
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5.5.9.2 Perspectives
A few perspectives are provided to illustrate the proposed area and element in each space.

VIEW CORRIDOR AREA
View towards decking and pergola that located
near to jetty for medium boat

DRY MARKET
The dry market area for selling a local product that
uses tensile as a shading structure

AQUACULTURE SPOT
A few cages of fish are located along the river for
aquaculture purposes

FISHERMEN’S WAREHOUSE
Two warehouses for fishermen to store the sea
product located near the jetty

RESTING AREA
Planter box for Hoop pine tree with seating. This
area also consists of a pergola

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ROADSIDE AREA
The pedestrian walkway is provided along the road.
Traffic lights and pedestrian crossings also
provided to control the traffic

HELP CENTER
The help center is located at the entrance to assist
tourists to have a better journey

RESTING AREA
View towards aquaculture spot from resting area
that also consists of planter box and seating

MEDIUM BOAT JETTY
View towards Kuala Dungun river from Teluk layar
Kolek area

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5.6 Innovative design ideas
5.6.1 Introduction

Layar Nakhoda is an innovative design structure that is proposed to be located in the
Teluk layer Kolek area. As the area is located at the beach area and facing monsoon season,
Layar Nakhoda is designated to be a Monsoon season indicator Hazard alarm and early
warning system and multifunction structure.

5.6.2 Design concept
“Layar Nakhoda” is the design concept for this innovative structure. “Layar” in Malay

refers to screen movies that are mostly used by Malay communities to present their show as
sculpture will be as an element to present the new townscape of Kuala Dungun.

The structure will apply the shape of Layar itself to strengthen the identity of
fishermen while “Nakhoda” refers to the leader of the ship that uses this steering to control
and navigate a ship as illustrated in figure 5.52. The design of the shape applied to represent
the structure as a new early warning system (EWS) alert related to the monsoon season.

Figure 5.52: Layar and Nakhoda
5.6.3 Design process phase
Layar nakhoda structure has a few stages in designing the structure before determining the
final design that will be applied to the structure. In the first stage, there is a sail structure had
been proposed in which there will be a rotation of the whole structure but after that, the
design had been improvising into a structure that uses rotation of each sail blade.

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But after a few design considerations had taken place, a structure that only rotates at the top
part of the structure had come out as the final design as illustrated in figure 5.53.

Figure 5.53: Design process
5.6.4 Function of Layar Nakhoda
Layar Nakhoda structure will be the new townscape element of Kuala Dungun. It mainly
functions as a monsoon season indicator and hazard alarm and early warning system for
locals and tourists to face the monsoon season. Indirectly, this structure will be the aesthetic
and lighting sculpture for the proposed area as it has a unique design. At the same time the
sail of the structure function as a shading structure for people to rest there. The overall
function of the Layar Nakhoda structure had been described in figure 5.54 below.

Figure 5.54: Function of Layar Nakhoda 152
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5.6.5 Technology implementation
There are a few technologies had been implemented in this innovative design structure to
make this structure multifunction to the users such as a rotating fishing sail system,
anemometer, and solar system.

Rotating fishing sail system
This technology was powered by wind harvesting and it will
rotate to illustrate the wind speed

Anemometer
It is equipment to measure wind speed and as a monsoon season
indicator or early warning system (EWS).

Solar system
It is an indicator of wind speed and at the same time the lighting
source for sculpture.

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5.6.6 Construction detail and 3D Visualization
Plan, top view, front elevation with supported perspective, and section had been provided to
illustrate the structure of Layar Nakhoda.

Figure 5.55: Plan

Figure 5.56: Top view

Figure 5.57: Front elevation 154
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The pattern on the Layar Nakhoda structure as shown in figure 5.58 generally based on the
pattern of semutar that is usually worn by fishermen to go to the sea

Figure 5.58: Pattern of Layar nakhoda
Figure 5.59 shows five blades of shade structure represent the five layar or main area in the
masterplan as had been explained before.

Figure 5.59: View of Layar Nakhoda
Figure 5.60 shows the location of the Layar Nakhoda structure that is located in the resting
area which is near the entrance. It is can be seen from the Dungun town area as it a has high
structure.

Figure 5.60: Front elevation of Layar Nakhoda 155
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5.7 3Dimension model
3Dimesional model had been provided to illustrate the overall proposed site. Figure 5.61
shows the bird’s eye-view of Singgah Layar Nelayan had been taken to illustrate the
proposed detailed development area with the site context area.

Figure 5.61: Bird’s eye-view of Singgah Layar Nelayan
Some perspectives had been provided to fulfill the requirement of the studio’s subject as
illustrated in the figure below.

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Singgah Layar Nelayan as new townscape of Dungun 157

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The detail of the model can be viewed through the youtube channel. Here is the link
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yG8CGi_wwxM

Scan here
The overall detail had been uploaded in online portfolio and can be view through behnace
website. Here is the link https://www.behance.net/amirahnordin99

Scan here 158
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5.8 SOFTSCAPE ELEMENTS
5.8.1 Introduction

This section presents the overall detail of softscape elements including planting
concept, planting strategies, softscape plan, and softscape palette.
5.8.2 PLANTING CONCEPT

Man-nature protection is the planting concept for this project. The planting concept is
focusing on several strategies to address the issues and main project aim. The concept is
divided into three sub-concept such as Seaside Garden, Meditative Landscape and Dungun’s
Significant Identity. The sub-concept is divided according to the appropriate site.

For this detailed development area, the planting concept implied is the Seaside
garden. The seaside garden focuses on selecting plants that can handle strong wind and salt
sprays. The seaside hardy plants help to control erosion and provide a breaker from blowing
sand. The native coastal planting such as Casuarina Equisetifolia will be retained with added
more softscape elements as the natural buffer on site.
5.8.3 PLANTING STRATEGIES
The strategies for Seaside Garden planting concept consist of three strategies which are
Shoreline beach, Windbreaker and salt tolerant, and Pyramidal and columnar trees.
I. SHORELINE BEACH
The shoreline beach is the front area of the coastal area. This Kuala Dungun shoreline beach
is facing the monsoon wind towards the south China sea.

Shoreline planting consists of shrub element 159
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II. WINDBREAKER AND SALT TOLERANT
Windbreaker and salt tolerant plant species will be proposed at the shoreline area and
offshore breakwater area. This combination will create a shield for Kuala Dungun to prevent
coastal erosion and also can improve the visual quality of the shoreline area of Kuala
Dungun.

Windbreaker and salt-tolerant species
III. WINDBREAKER AND SALT TOLERANT
For windbreaker plants, there will be proposed the trees with the form pyramidal and
columnar. These forms of trees are the best form for windbreakers. Other than that, this
combination of pyramidal and columnar forms of trees also will create a rhythm effect due to
the contrast in shape and height of the trees.

Pyramidal and columnar trees along the river 160
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5.8.4 SOFTSCAPE PLAN
The softscape element is planted in an arrangement according to the green area as illustrated
in the softscape plan below to provide a protected environment from monsoon season and at
the same time give a shaded environment for visitors and locals.

Figure 5.62: Softscape plan
5.8.5 SOFTSCAPE PALETTE
The planting palette is divided into two groups according to their function which are
windbreaker and salt-tolerant plants.

Figure 5.63: Softscape palette 161
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5.8.6 SOFTSCAPE ARRANGEMENT ILLUSTRATION
Casuarina Equisotifolia as the windbreaker plant provided at the frontline of the site to break
the strong wind

The row of high plants along the riverside area can slow down and control the wind speed
causing the environment to be affected.

Figure 5.64 shows the softscape element such as Terminalia Catappa, Araucaria
Cunninghamii, Cocos Nucifera, Rhus Typhina, and Casuarina Equisotifolia as the
windbreaker and salt tolerant species along the riverside area.

Figure 5.64: Softscape element 162
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5.9 HARDSCAPE ELEMENTS
5.9.1 Introduction
The hardscape elements are chosen based on the equipment needed by the fishermen’s
community and at the same time give the best comfort to the visitors.
5.9.2 HARDSCAPE PLAN
The hardscape plan illustrated the location of each hardscape area had been located on the
proposed site.

Figure 5.65: Hardscape plan

Figure 5.66: Hardscape legend 163
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5.9.3 HARDSCAPE PALETTE
The hardscape palette is divided into two groups according to their types which are structure
and hardscape elements and pavement, material, and finishes.

Figure 5.67: Hardscape palette
5.9.4 HARDSCAPE ILLUSTRATION
Figure 5.68 shows the example hardscape element that had been provided such as small boat
jetty for fishermen, railing for visitors security, wet market tensile, medium boat jetty, dry
market tensile, shaded pergola, fish cage, and aquaculture hub.

Figure 5.68: Hardscape element 164
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5.10 Conclusion
In conclusion, Singgah Layar Nelayan is not acting only as a tourism center at Kuala

Dungun. The project also focuses on the environment such as implementing the local
protection strategy for soil erosion and monsoon season, social such as complementing the
need of fishermen’s community and economy by providing initiatives for locals to boost their
economic growth development to achieve a positive impact of the area and its potential. This
area will be the new attraction and townscape for Kuala Dungun.

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CHAPTER 6: CONCLUSION
6.1 Introduction

This chapter will be the result of data collection gathered from the site visit to the
Kuala Dungun fishermen’s hub area. The data have been collected after applying the methods
from the previous chapter 3 which are from semi-structured interviews, questionnaire survey,
observation, and site inventory.
6.2 Overall conclusion
The design thesis objectives that have been outlined in the chapter earlier and the objectives
of the design proposal that have been stated were achieved through the design proposal and
recommended solutions. This can be enlightened and briefly explained as follows:
I. Cultural heritage
To improve the coastal community and fisheries culture by developing the existing
fisheries hub and engaging new places to become more inclusive that can increase the
appeal of locals and visitors to generate social, economic, and environmental benefits.

Based on the design concept – “Singgah Layar Nelayan” the idea has been strongly
conveyed and addressed to fulfill the niche of this project which is to improve the coastal
community and fisheries culture by developing the existing fisheries hub and engaging new
places to become more inclusive. Based on the project niche, we understand the need for
developing and preserving the fishermen’s quality in their cultural setting as the environment
is their “Layar” in everyday life. Thus we create an environment that reflects the sail
paradigm.

II. Tourism, prosperity & high local value
To propose better facilities and activities for each space to complement the need of
fishermen of the local community as well as provide better comfort to the tourist.

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Each space has its significance. Thus, to propose better facilities and activities for each space,
the space design needs consideration to complement the real function of the space. The
design also considers the quality of each space to synchronize with another space proposed to
enhance the continuity in overall the layout.

III. Environmental & local protection
To propose alternative urban design solutions for deteriorating landscapes due to
natural disasters as well as to ensure the safety of fishermen and the local community.
The design was intentional to solve the environmental problem due to natural disasters as it is
located on the beach coast and exposed to monsoon season. Thus, we try to inject the element
of fortress using the reclamation activities using boulders and windbreaker species as the
protection to the locals.

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APPENDIX A
Semi-structured Interview and Questionnaire Survey

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SEMI-STRUCTURE INTERVIEW QUESTION
1. What are the problems faced at the Kuala Dungun fishermen’s hub area?
2. Should fishing villages be made tourist attractions?
3. Should the aquaculture sector be created and what is the impact on the fishing community?

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DEPARTMENT OF LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE
KULLIYYAH OF ARCHITECTURE AND ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN

INTERNATIONAL ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY MALAYSIA
53100 KUALA LUMPUR

The following questionnaire is being conducted as part of the research methodology for the
research paper which needs to be completed by the fourth-year student of Landscape
Architecture. The purpose of this questionnaire is to obtain experts views and opinions
regarding views and opinions regarding the case study of the paper, which is mainly focussing
on the Fishermen’s community and Aquaculture sector within the fishermen’s hub area.

SECTION A: DEMOGRAPHY

Thank you for participating in our survey to determine fishermen’s interest in transforming
the fishermen’s hub into an Aquaculture tourism Centre at Kuala Dungun Fishermen’s hub,
Dungun, Terengganu.

Please fill in the blanks or place an X or checkmark next to the word or phrase that best
matches your response.

Date : ____________________ Time : _______________________

Gender : ____________________ Nationality : _______________________

1. Age:
 Below 18
 19-25 years
 26-35 years
 36-45 years
 Above 45: ___ years

2. Education levels:
 Primary school
 Secondary school
 Vocational/Trade/Technical School/College/Institute
 University

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3. Marital status:
 Single
 Married
 Divorced
 Other: _______________________________________________________________

4. Ethnicity:
 Malay
 Chinese
 Indian
 Other: _______________________________________________________________

5. Religion:
 Islam
 Buddha
 Christian
 Hindu
 Other: _______________________________________________________________

6. Income Range per a month:
 Below RM500
 RM500 - RM1500
 RM1500 - RM2500
 RM2500 and above
 Other: _______________________________________________________________

SECTION B: FISHERMEN’S COMMUNITY EXPERIENCES

1. What type of fishermen are you?
 Beach Coast
 Shallow Sea
 Deep-Sea

2. How many times have you gone fishing in a week?
 1-2 times
 3-4 times
 5-6 times
 Everyday

3. How many hours do you spend fishing each time you go to the sea?
 Less than 3 hours
 4-7 hours
 8-12 hours
 12 hours and above

4. What is the primary reason you go fishing and collect shellfish?
 Fishing as a hobby
 Fishing for daily consumption
 Fishing for commercial
 Fishing for commercial and consumption

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5. What kind of equipment do you use in fishing?
 Fishing rod
 Trap
 Net
 Spear
 Rawai
 Other:
_____________________________________________________________________

6. How did you get involved in fishing?
 Family
 Friends
 Neighbour
 Other:
_____________________________________________________________________

7. Apart from selling the fish, is there any option that can be done from the fish?
 Keropok lekor
 Ikan pekasam
 Cencalok/Budu
 Ikan kering/Ikan masin
 Other:
_____________________________________________________________________

8. What type of difficulties do you face in fishing?
 Fishing facilities (boat ramps, landing, jetties, etc) are poorly developed and/or
maintained
 Area for fish processing is too small
 Lack of fish catch
 Lack of safety and security features
 Other:
_____________________________________________________________________

9. What are the activities of fishermen during the monsoon season to continue to earn a
source of income?

 Boat making
 Sell seafood product
 Rubber tapping
 Farming
 Other:

_____________________________________________________________________

10. Is there any assistance related to fishermen's welfare?
 Subsidies
 Money assistant
 Equipment
 Other:
_____________________________________________________________________

11. a) Do fishing activities attract tourists?

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 Yes
 No

b) If yes, what kind of tourist always comes here?
 Local
 From another state
 Oversea

c) When would the tourist prefer to come to the fishermen's area?
 Weekdays
 Weekends

 What time do they usually come to the fishermen’s area?
 Morning
 At noon
 Evening
 Night

e) What kind of activity do they do there?
 Buy fish
 Sight-seeing
 Picnic
 Other:
_____________________________________________________________________

SECTION C: Fishermen’s culture Setting

1. What are the significant community events of fishermen and the local community?
 Many people come down to help the beach haul fishers pull their nets in
 Other:
_____________________________________________________________________

2. What is the tradition between fishermen and the local community?
 Share fish with other local community
 For large gatherings including for events like funerals, a small number of fishers will
catch enough to feed everyone
 Other:
_____________________________________________________________________

3. What are the things that indicated the beginning of the seasons for different finfish species?
For example, flowers.

 Yes
_____________________________________________________________________
__

 No

4. a) Are there any cultural laws, rules, or beliefs when going fishing? Such as
 Only taking what you need
 Not taking anything too small

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 Taking species when they are in season
 Make sure you don’t overfish or clean out the spots you visit
 Other:

_____________________________________________________________________

b) If someone breaks the rules or belief, what will happen?
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

SECTION D: FEEDBACK AND RECOMMENDATION

1. What is your opinion and suggestion to improve the fishermen’s hub?
 Provide a wider fish processing area
 Provide technological equipment to facilitate sea catchment unloading
 Provide a cold room to store the catch
 Increase the level of security of the area and equipment
 Provides an ice block storage room
 Other: _______________________________________________________________

2. a) Aquaculture is also known as fish farming. Have you been exposed to the Aquaculture
sector?

 Yes
 No

b) How far is the extent of your involvement in the Aquaculture sector?
_______________________________________________________________________

End of questions. Thank You!

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