Design thesis report

KUALA DUNGUN FISHERMEN’S HUB AS A TERMINAL FOR AQUACULTURE TOURISM CENTER

Scientific name: Adonidia merrillii
Common name: Manilla Palm
Local name:
Native habitat: Terrestrial (Primary
Rainforest), Shoreline (Sandy Beach)

2 Street planting Scientific name : Azadirachta indica
Common name: Neem Tree
Local name: Semambu
Native habitat: Terrestrial

3 Coastal planting Scientific name : Samanea saman
Common name: Raintree
Local name : Hujan-hujan
Native habitat: Terrestrial (Primary Rainforest,
Grassland / Savannah/ Scrubland)

Scientific name: Xanthostemon chrysanthus
Common name: Golden Pend
Local name : Jambu Kuning
Native habitat: Terrestrial (Primary Rainforest,
Secondary Rainforest)

Scientific name : Ipomoea pes-caprae
Common name: Beach Morning Glory
Local name : Tapak Kuda
Native habitat: Terrestrial (Coastal Forest,
Disturbed Area / Open Ground), Shoreline
(Sandy Beach)

Scientific name: Calophyllum inophyllum
Common name: Alexandrian Laurel
Local name: Penaga Laut
Native habitat: Terrestrial

Scientific name: Syzygium grande
Common name: Sea apple
Local name : Jambu Laut
Native habitat: Terrestrial (Coastal Forest,
Secondary Rainforest)

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Scientific name: Cocos nucifera
Common name: Coconut tree
Local name: Kelapa
Native habitat: Tropical seashores, sometimes
extending inland on alluvial plains with a high
water table

Scientific name : Casuarina equisetifolia
Common name: Horsetail Tree
Local name: Rhu
Native habitat: Terrestrial (Coastal Forest),
Shoreline (Backshore, Sandy Beach)

Scientific name : Terminalia Catappa
Common name: Sea Almond
Local name: Ketapang
Native habitat: Terrestrial (Coastal Forest),
Shoreline (Mangrove Forest, Sandy Beach,
Rocky Beach)

The diversity of the local coastal vegetation has enriched the natural attributes of the

fishermen’s hub area which either exists naturally or is planted by the local authority for

preventing soil erosion purposes. The commercial area is planted with street plants that are

used to decorate the surrounding. This numerous range of vegetation can be applied later on

as the planting palette for the fishermen’s hub area.

Fauna

All the species easily can be found in shoreline areas that consist of softscape

elements as they make it their habitat. All the fauna as shown in table 4.3 functions for

agriculture includes not only the cropping of species growing in the wild but also their

potential for future cultivation and role in such processes as crop pollination, and biological

control of pests.

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No. Species Table 4.7: List of fauna
1 Description
Scientific name : Corvus splendens
Common name: house crow
Local name : Gagak Rumah

2 Scientific name: Hirundo rustica
Common name : Barn Swallow
Local name : Layang-Layang Hijrah

3 Scientific name : Vavanus salvator
Common name: Water Salvator
Local name: Biawak Air

4 Scientific name : Columba livia
Common name: Rock dove
Local name: Merpati

5 Scientific name : Butastur indicus
Common name: Grey-faced Buzzard
Local name : Helang Kepala Kelabu

6 Scientific name: Acridotheres tristis
Common name : Common myna
Local name : Tiong Gembala Kerbau

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4.2.3.3 Physical attributes

a. Site context and land use
The site context is located in the range of 100 meters to 300 meters in distance from

the proposed site as can be seen in figure 4.4. All these spots are usable for the public and

located along the main road so that can be accessed easily by the locals and tourists. All the

site context is important as it can attract people to go to the proposed site.

Table 4.8: Site context

Site context

Taxi and bus express Express bus terminal

Potential to remain as it facilitates local Potential to remain as a spot for tourists to
people to travel between the Dungun area arrive

Chinese primary school Padang Astaka

This facility allows the public to know more Potentially used for any community event as
about the existence of this area the area is quite big for a big event that
involves many people

Land use is classified under a few categories that consist of water body, industry,
community facilities, commercial area, transportation, residential area, empty land, and open
space that as shown in figure 4.44.

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Figure 4.44: Landuse
The food court area can be a focal point due to its strategic location located at the
cape of the river. However, fewer visitors go there for seafood hunting as it is less known to
outsiders. The Kuala Dungun fishermen’s hub is located along the river so that the process of
landing sea catch can be done easily but unfortunately there is no specific area for fishermen
to park their boats cause others felt difficulty landing their sea catch.
The commercial area consists of several old shop lot that potential to be an attraction
for the visitors as it has a unique design of its building but a lot of unoperated and abandoned
shop lot buildings caused this area to be less known by the outsider. There are also a few
green spaces without any development. The green spaces potential to be developed as it is
located near Dungun market. The undeveloped area only consists of a few street planting and
is exposed to water reservoirs when it rains heavily.
Dungun market there is the main place for fishermen to sell their catch as it is the
nearest market. The market is dominated by other types of goods such as daily essentials and
food so the space for the sale of fish products is limited. The main parking is located near to
Dungun market as it is the main center of the local community to buy their daily need.
Sometimes the parking area is also used as a place for the seller to sell their goods that take

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up most of that space causing a lack of parking areas for users. Kuala Dungun bridge is
located in the site context area the potential as a shortcut road for the visitors to go to the site.
This bridge also has a scenic view from the proposed site area. The element in the land use
can be seen clearly in Table 4.9.

Table 4.9: Element of landuse
Waterbody

The South China Sea that located near the Dungun river that located near the Kuala

facilities area Dungun fishermen’s hub area

Industry

There is an ice factory located beside to This factory provides ice for fishermen’s
Dungun market community to freeze their sea catch

Community facilities

Fishermen’s hub which is the center for all This fishermen’s hub equips with a few
activity and processes for the sea catch facilities to make their process easier

Commercial area

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Double storey of old shop lot building at the Dungun market which is the nearest spot for

commercial area fishermen to sell their sea catch

Empty Land

Undeveloped land left by the owner without Green area space without any development
any development but always been maintained by the city
council

Open spaces

A mini playground provided near to food The parking area provided at the facilities
court in the facilities area area for the visitor

b. Views and vista
The views and vista of the fishermen’s hub area are divided into two which are the good and
bad views. Most of the fishermen’s hub areas potential to have a good view as the area is

located along the Dungun River and the South China Sea as can be in figure 3.4.

Dungun Facilities
market area area

1 4

23

Commercial

area

Good view BASE
Coastal PLAN

BFaidguvrieew4.45:aVreiaews and visNtSaOCTATLOE

Viewpoint 91

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The good view is contributed by the architectural image of an area as there are fewer
softscape elements in this site as can be seen in table 4.10. Based on table 4.11, the bad view
is usually contributed by the abandoned area making it an unpleasant area. Most of the
beachside areas have a good view as the area is planted with the tree as the wind barrier. Less
management of an area of this site gave an unpleasant view to an area.

Table 4.10: Good view
Good view

View toward Kuala Dungun bridge from the View toward Dungun market from the main

Dungun market road

View of the fire station located near the View along the main road that fulfills with
commercial area softscape element

View of Kuala Dungun jetty and the Dungun View towards the sea with a lighthouse
River

View of softscape elements planted along the coastal area 92
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Table 4.11: Bad view
Bad view

View toward the bridge of Kuala Dungun View toward the ice factory from the Dungun

from the main road market

View toward Dungun market from the fire View of the abandoned area from the coastal

station area

View of Kuala Dungun fishermen’s hub from the facilities area

c. Architectural images
There are three architectural images are highlighted here as it has their construction

element that gives an identity to the fishermen’s community such as a concrete house,
wooden house, and shop lot building. For the concrete house, the high development of the
stone house and the residents are striving towards achieving stone house and settlement
development in the light of their social and environmental consequences. for example, a

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"harmonious”’ integration of such villages between Malay wooden houses into the newly
developing stone houses at the Kuala Dungun is illustrated in figure 4.45.

Figure 4.45: Concrete house
The second one is the wooden house which is a minor of the Malay Wooden house at Kuala
Dungun usually the design is very simple. The window is very openable for air ventilation.
The stilted house catch wind at a higher velocity and the materials is wood and it is
lightweight using a low thermal capacity to keep the house cool. Their design and adaptation
to the climate and the natural features can be seen clearly in figure 4.46.

Figure 4.46: Wooden house
Most of the shop lot building was old building that originated from the past. The old shop lot
building usually has a double-storey and uses wooden material. Based on figure 3.47, the
window also is very openable for air ventilation same as the wooden house. It gives an

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identity to Kuala Dungun as the building remains their architectural image. The construction
and material are used to give a sense of identity to the Kuala Dungun fishermen’s hub area.

Figure 4.47: Shop lot building
d. Main stakeholders and community distribution

There are four stakeholders on site which are the fishermen’s community, locals,
tourists, and entrepreneurs as illustrated in figure 4.48. Fishermen are the main stakeholder on
the site as the site is located in a coastal area.

Figure 4.48: Main stakeholders on site
All these stakeholders on-site are related to each other and need one another to
generate their economy. Based on figure 4.49, most of the tourist attractions were in the
coastal area as it is the main attraction on the site rather than others types of areas.

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Fishermen community

Local

Tourists BASE PLAN
Entrepreneurs NOT TO SCALE

Figure 4.49: Community distribution

e. Activities

All these activities are mostly related to fishermen’s community lifestyle as they are the
main community on the site. According to figure 4.50, activity at the Kuala Dungun
fishermen’s hub area is more active during the day as the shop lot is open at that time and
closed before night. This situation leaves the area quiet and gloomy at night and people who
go to the area will vulnerable to the threat of crime.

Figure 4.50: Behavior mapping 96
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f. Circulation
Circulation at Kuala Dungun fishermen’s hub area was considered a collector road

because the capacity of the road is moderate. Traffic volume on this site is also at a moderate
level because of the rare traffic jammed. From Kuala Dungun town city, it will take around
10 minutes to Kuala Dungun fishermen's hub area within 6km in distance. The starting point
is located at the facilities area as it is the main spot for the visitors, and it is showing the
distance to the next spot for the visitor to go by any type of transport as illustrated in figure
4.51.

Figure 4.51: Circulation map
Kuala Dungun fishermen’s hub area consists of three types of roads which are primary,

secondary, and tertiary roads. The area was dominated by secondary roads as illustrated in

figure 4.52.

Figure 4.52: Layering of road 97
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Jalan Tambun is the main road of this site. This road is heading to Kuala Dungun town
city and takes around 10 minutes to arrive there from the fishermen’s hub area. The
secondary road is mostly used by the main user of the site as they want to shortcut their
journey. The tertiary road is mostly used by users that carry their stuff using trolly and is
rarely used by any vehicle except a motorcycle.

Figure 4.53: Primary Road Figure 4.54: Secondary Road

Figure 4.55: Tertiary Road
The fishermen’s hub caused many heavy vehicles to come in and out to pick up the
sea catch. Unparallel roads make it confusing to the user that can be dangerous for them.
Both vehicle and pedestrian density were heavy density from 12 pm until 4 pm as it is the
main spot for fishermen to send their catch to other places. Based on figure 4.56, the density
is moderate in the morning as most of the local people start to go to their workplace while it
is a smooth density at night as most of the commercial areas were closed at night.

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Figure 4.56: Vehicle and pedestrian density
g. Facilities and amenities
`There are a lot of facilities and amenities provided at the fishermen’s hub area due to the
area mainly for tourist attraction as it is located in the coastal area. But unfortunately, all the
facilities and amenities are only provided at a certain place as illustrated in figure 4.56.

Figure 4.56: Facilities and amenities location
Some amenities that have an issue such as fences, lamp posts, bollards, gazebos, and
pedestrian paths that are provided without regular maintenance caused a lack of safety and
security for the user. The condition of each item had been listed in table 4.12. All the

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facilities and amenities are very important to make the visitor more attracted to go to this
fishermen’s hub area.

Table 4.12: Condition of facilities and amenities

Item Condition
Parking Area facilities
Stall In good condition but always being misused by the seller to do their
Dungun market selling activity
Mini playground Some of the stalls are in bad condition which lacks maintenance and
Food court gives a bad view of the proposed site.
Fences In good condition as always being maintained by the local
Jetty authorities
Public toilet Lack in terms of safety as it was abandoned by the local people
Rubbish bin Abandoned by the locals but the food court is still in good condition
Amenities
Information board The fences do not cover all along the road making the pedestrian
Pedestrian path path unsafe for people
Gazebo Lack of facilities for fishermen’s community
Road signage Abandoned by the people
bollard The rubbish bin area is too open and located along the road that
Lamp post making the unpleasant view and smells to the local community and
visitor
Most of the information is in good condition
The pedestrian path only covers a certain area and the condition of
the pavement seems to be no maintenance at all
The gazebo near to river area are lack safety features making
children vulnerable to falling into the rivers
Some of the road signage is located in a hidden area cause making it
difficult for people to see it
The bollard is in bad condition as it was hit by the vehicle and not
repaired
Some lamp posts do not function cause some areas did not have
enough lighting to accommodate people that walk through the area

h. Abandoned land and properties
There are many of abandoned and undeveloped land as can be seen clearly in figure

4.57 that is mostly filled with wild plants. There are also a few properties that not
functioning anymore, but the properties are still in good condition that can be reopened to
accommodate visitors.

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Figure 4.57: Abandoned land and properties area
Most of the abandoned buildings and properties are still in good condition that can be
potentially redeveloped for future use. However, the abandoned building and undeveloped
land located between the existing building caused a bad view of the proposed site as
illustrated in table 4.13.

Table 4.13: Abandoned land and properties condition
Abandoned land and facilities

This land is located near to Dungun market This hotel is equipped with a restaurant but
which is also, a selling spot before all these properties were abandoned by the

owner

The café is still in good condition and located This undeveloped land is located near the

in the facilities area commercial area

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This area gives an unpleasant view of the site This hotel was also abandoned by the owner

and causes the existence of wildlife caused there is no more place for visitors to

stay.

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4.3 Cross-analysis

The cross-analysis focuses on each component of each attribute and the analysis will be

across with another the get the final potential and constraint for each subtopic.

Table 4.14: Cross-analysis

Attributes Component Potential Constraint
Natural Microclimate
Casuarina trees provide the • All the designs need to

perfect buffer for strong wind consider the climate

along the beach condition and existing

seasons such as wet and

dry seasons
• Typhoon during monsoon

may cause harm and

destruction of property
• Hot conditions along the

beach bring inconvenience

to visitors, especially

during noon

Soil and • Beautiful estuary located at • Destructed trees degrade
topography the “Kuala” and “Tanjung” the beach aesthetical
and view values of the site
potential to attract more

visitor
• Surrounding buffer and

isolated location create

peacefulness that perfect for

peace and nature lovers

Hydrology • Its high potential for many • The depth of the Dungun
recreational activities for
visitors as the water condition river was too shallow
of the proposed site is quite causing many fishermen’s
good
boats to be damaged

Flora and • Natural beauty and • Requires minimum human
fauna
biodiversity richness have intervention to preserve the

increased its aesthetical values existing flora and fauna

and it is valuable to be

exposed to the visitors
• Coconut and casuarina trees

along the beach create a

unique local character

Socio- Demographic • Opens the opportunity to have • Unsustainable trawling
economy and socio- an aquaculture center that can
& cultural economy give a source of income to the practice might destroy fish
attributes local community as their
income is based on fishing habitat and sensitive

practice
• Disappearance of certain

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activity sensitive species, may be
resulted from the
unsustainable practice of
fish

Ethnography • The fishermen’s lifestyle and • Traditional skills and
practices such as fishermen
community gave an identity of will result in extinction
fishermen’s village that can be later

exposed to the visitors

Physical Site context • The proposed site has the • Unutilized isolated shop
attributes and land use potential to be designed for lot is a resource of wastage
aquaculture as an attraction to
increase the number of • Suitable place to open
fishermen for social and more development within
economic development the site context for targeted
groups of people such as
outsider visitors as there
are facilities for them

Circulation • Strategic location which is • Need to consider the traffic
and located nearby the coastal area road of the area as the
accessibility and in line with the tourism location of the proposed
and main route site is nearby to the
Dungun town and there is
a school near the site

Architectural • Existing old-style shop lot • The existing structures of
image buildings enhance the the building that have the
traditional essence of the identity of an old building
place but are abandoned by the
owner spoil the scenery of
the site

Facilities and • A few facilities provided but • Inadequate existing
amenities lack of visitors have a
potential to redesign the area infrastructures as
to attract more visitor
compared to those in the

town area
• Absent of bins leads to

garbage dumping on the

beach by visitors or

outsiders

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4.4 Site synthesis
4.4.1 Analysis Layering mapping
The synthesis will be using the analysis layering mapping by layering the potential of each
subtopic to get the final synthesis map.

Human density

Potential green area

Water body

Micro Landmark

Existing building
and structure

Existing Landuse

Potential
aquaculture area

Potential
pedestrian
movement
Vehicular circulation

Overall site 105
Figure 4.58: Analysis of layering mapping

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4.4.2 Synthesis map
The synthesis is following the guideline based on WWF principles for sustainable fishing
tourism in designing this aquaculture tourism center as this proposed design is associated
with fishing culture. To achieve the goal of environmental sustainability, Sustainable Fishing
Tourism must be based on three main principles:
Environmental
• to reduce fishing effort and improve fisheries management
Social and cultural
• to promote the cultural heritage of small-scale fisheries
Economic
• to help strengthen the economic model of small-scale fishers

Figure 4.59: Synthesis Map 106
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Site potential

Table 4.15: Site potential

No. Potential Recommendation Reason Illustration

1 The fishermen’s Fisheries friendly Compliment the Before

hub potential to design necessary space

be developed as and facilities for
it is the main the fishermen’s

center point for community to ease

them to process their daily activity

their sea catch and process

After

2 Potential as a Seafood related Provide integrated

seafood hunting tourism seafood and Before

station as there aquaculture space

is an existing that links tourism

food court that operators and

serves seafood another service for

and is located in the local

the cape area community and

tourist After

3 The site Fishermen’s Apply fishermen’s
identity element in
potential to cultural design designing the area Before
and infrastructure After
revive
fishermen’s

cultural design

as some of the

shop lot

buildings still

maintain the old

architectural

style

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4 Dungun market Gastronomic Provide an area for Before
tourists to enjoy
potential to be a tourism the local delicacies
and learn about a
cultural food new culture
through seafood
station for preparations

tourism

After

Site constraint

Table 4.16: Site constraint

No. Constraint Recommendation Reason Illustration
After
1 The area Windbreak Provide natural

located along buffer along the Before

the South China beach to slow

Sea and down the wind

exposed to direction and at

typhoons the same time

can decrease the

risk of erosion

2 The pedestrian Connectivity Create a more Before
path only accessible and
provided at a continuous
certain part of pedestrian
the site caused walkway for the
difficulty to the local community
pedestrian user and visitor

After

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3 Fishermen’s Sustainable Propose
aquaculture
community Aquaculture sector and use a Before
more sustainable After
need more Design approach for
aquaculture to
resource for avoid the impact
on the
their income as surrounding
environment
their current

income is not

stable enough

4.4.3 Design strategies
A few design strategies had been proposed for problem-solving in which creative ability
utilizes landscape to generate solutions to problem situations of the proposed site. This is the
result after analyzing, evaluating, and comparing had been done before. All these strategies
are the sub-component of the previous recommendation that had been proposed in the site
synthesis map.

Table 4.17: Design strategies
Design strategies

Natural buffer Aquaponic space for activity and consume

Seafood and aquaculture trail Integrated pedestrian walkway

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Innovative environmentally friendly Camouflage colour to implement
production technologies for aquaculture fishermen’s setting

Integrate a sense of local life by Space for production and revenue
respecting the vernacular architectural generation from tourist activities

design consume

Cultural design elements for infrastructure

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4.5 Summation
In conclusion, the Kuala Dungun fishermen’s hub area needs to be developed to safeguard
and guarantee the welfare of the fishermen and local community especially during monsoon
seasons as this community cannot go to the sea by proposing the site into an aquaculture
tourism center. This proposal needs to be followed by guidelines and strategies to maintain
the identity of the place without disturbing the natural ecosystem of the site and at the same
time become a source of income.

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CHAPTER 5: DESIGN DEVELOPMENT
5.1 Introduction

This chapter presents the beginning process of the design stage, which is from the
design concept, space programming, conceptual diagram, functional diagrams, schematic
plan, preliminary masterplan, masterplan, and detailed development plan.
5.2 Design concept, space programming, conceptual diagram, functional diagrams,

schematic plan, and preliminary masterplan
This section illustrated the overall conceptual idea of the design concept, the design

stage that consists of space programming, conceptual diagrams, functional diagrams, and a
preliminary masterplan layout.
5.2.1 Design concept

The conceptual idea for this project is “Singgah Layar Nelayan”. Generally,
“Singgah” is a Malay word that means stop for a moment somewhere. It is referred to the
proposed site that designing for people stop by there and experience the local identity as a
place not only for fishermen or seafood but also for recreational purposes. Besides, “Layar”
in Malay refers to screen movies that are mostly used by Malay communities to present their
shows, and the “ Nelayan”, refers to a fisher or fishermen is a person who catches fish, either
as a job or as a sport that typically consists of men in Malay community.

They have their significant item known as fishermen’s cultural material which is
fishermen, and their cultural material is a part of the maritime cultural landscape and
traditions of the coastal area. Anything related to fishing and seafaring such as boats and
crafts will consider their cultural material. As the “Layar” and “Nelayan” combined, it gives a
new meaning which is “Layar Nelayan” refers to windbreaker cloth for running a boat or
ship. “Perahu Layar” is one of the public transportations in ancient times where before there
was the engine and this will strengthen the identity of fishermen as illustrated in Figure 5.1.

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Figure 5.1: Design concept
5.2.1.1 Design concept and strategy according to objectives

The first objective is focusing on Cultural heritage which is to improve the coastal
community and fisheries culture by developing the existing fisheries hub and engaging new
places to become more inclusive. The first design concept element for this objective is the
sailboat pole. The pole of the sailboat consists of 3 poles which are the Agung pole (A),
Penggawa pole (B), and Topan pole (C) as illustrated in figure 5.2. For this design strategy, it

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refers to the Agung pole as it is the most important pole which is in every type of sailboat,
Tiang Agung will be put in the middle. This situation will be referred to as the fishermen’s
community as it is the main community of the site. So the design strategy for this design
concept element is to emphasize space for cultural activity as the main space for the local
communities and tourists.

Figure 5.2: Sail pole
The second design concept element for this objective is “Layar persembahan” or
presentation screen. It is referred to fishermen’s culture that mostly will meet their friends or
live together among them, and this involves a big community. So, the design strategy for this
design concept element is to propose space for locals and visitors for recreational purposes,
strolling around, and communicating with each other as illustrated in figure 5.3.

Figure 5.3: Layar persembahan 114
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The third design concept element for this objective is “Fishermen’s semutar”. The
cloth is used by fishermen to wrap their head as protection from heat. Figure 5.4 shows the
design strategy for this design concept element which is to propose a biophilic design which
is a landscape strategy for attention restoration and reducing stress and fatigue life among the
fishermen’s community by providing recreational area and creating space for strolling and the
same time spreading flowers and plants of colourful and fragrance.

Figure 5.4: Fishermen’s semutar
The last design concept element for this objective is the sail itself. The sail itself is
generally related to wind and waves. So, the design strategy for this design concept element
is applying the element of wind and wave in design to represent the identity of the sea
community such as providing a shaded element with a “Layar” design and a gazebo with the
flow or wave design and also applying the shape of the layar in design elements as illustrated
in figure 5.5.

Figure 5.5: Sail 115
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The second objective is focusing on tourism, prosperity & high local value which is to
propose better facilities and activities for each space to complement the need of fishermen of
the local community and provide better comfort to the tourist. The first design concept
element for this objective is the sail itself.

Generally, the sailboat is still ongoing even during monsoon season, and this situation
shows that the community needs the source of seafood as their income. The abundance of fish
indirectly illustrated a good condition of economic. So the design strategy for this design
concept element is to propose aquaculture (fish farming) as a sustainable income for the
fishermen as illustrated in Figure 5.6. The proposal of providing aquaculture shows the
abundance of fish.

Figure 5.6: Sail
The second design concept element for this objective is also about the sail itself.
Figure 5.7 illustrated the direction the sailboat will follow the direction of the wind, which is
the stronger the wind speed, the faster the ship sails. So, the design strategy for this design
concept element is to propose a lift-up aquaculture platform or also known as pontoon design.
The function of the pontoon design is actually to protect fish in the cage from out from their
area as the platform will follow the level of the sea.

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Figure 5.7: Sail
The third objective is focusing on environmental and local protection which is to
propose alternative urban design solutions for deteriorating landscapes due to natural
disasters as well as to ensure the safety of fishermen and the local community. The first
design concept element for this objective is the sail itself. Generally, the sailboat is related to
navigation and it is a journey.
So for this design concept, it is a need for connectivity from one space to another. So,
the design strategy for this design concept element is to provide connectivity and walkability
and at the same time create more accessible and continuous pedestrian walkways for the local
community and visitors as illustrated in Figure 5.8.

Figure 5.8: Sail
The second design concept element for this objective is also about the “Layar
persembahan” or presentation screen. The presentation screen is only present through the
spreadsheet of the screen but indirectly gives moral value to the audience or good vibes as

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illustrated in Figure 5.9. So, the design strategy for this design concept element is to propose
environmental control approach which is a landscape strategy for cooling the environment by
providing canopy cover and vegetation and shading structure. Proposing the natural buffer is
also needed along the beach area as a windbreaker to protect the area during the monsoon
season.

Figure 5.9: Layar persembahan
The last design concept element for this objective is also about the sail of the boat.
Generally, the sailboat can be seen from a far place by people. The sail can be defined as a
landscape visual character. So the design strategy for this design concept element is
proposing landscape visual character on-site by using an indicator which is using the existing
lighthouse and enhancing it. The lighthouse can be seen from the town of Kuala Dungun as
illustrated in Figure 5.10.

Figure 5.10: Sail 118
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5.2.1.2 Design concept combination
Design concept combination is the summary of the design concept that had been

explained before in section 5.2.1.1. Based on figure 5.11, the “Singgah Layar Nelayan”
concept is implied in this design to present the lifestyle of the fishermen’s community and
give the experience of being in their lifestyle to the tourist by providing space for visitors to
stroll around or relax. The fishermen’s culture element is also being proposed to illustrate the
fishermen’s lifestyle by implementing their cultural design.

Figure 5.11: Design concept combination
There are many types of sail as illustrated in figure 5.12 and they have their name. A
few types of sail had been chosen in defining the space in the proposed site according to their
significant name and the suitability of the area and using their Malay word to strengthen the
identity of the fishermen’s community. Five sails had been chosen such as Layar Kolek,
Layar Labun, Layar Apit, Layar Tanjung and Layar Tanjak.

Figure 5.12: Types of sail 119
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Firstly, Layar Kolek refers to fishermen’s port area. Kolek refers to the boat and also
as a floating area that is suitable for the fishermen’s port area. Next, Layar Labun refers to the
recreational area. Labun in Malay word means chatting and it is suitable for recreational
spaces as the space is designed for people to relax their minds and do recreational activity
there. Third, Layar Apit refers to the commercial areas. “APIT” had been chosen as the space
will be located at the center of the site and located between other spaces as illustrated in
figure 5.13.

Figure 5.13: Location of Layar Apit
Forth, Layar Tanjung refers to the aquaculture park area. This area is named Tanjung
as it is located at the cape area of the site as illustrated in figure 5.14.

Figure 5.14: Location of Layar Tanjung
The last one is Layar Tanjak which is refer to the cultural area. Figure 5.15 shows the
illustration of Tanjak as a kind of traditional Malay headwear worn by men so the name is
used to illustrate the cultural value of the area.

Figure 5.15: Tanjak 120
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5.2.1.3 Design concept implementation
There are a few summarize of concepts that will be implemented in the proposed

design such as Layar nelayan attraction area, natural buffer to protect the environment,
Fishermen’s culture as the main attraction, walkable zone like a journey of the ship and the
last one is Implement pontoon design in aquaculture as illustrated in figure 5.16.

Figure 5.16: Design concept implementation
5.2.2 Design stage

The design stage will consist of space programming, a conceptual diagram, functional
diagrams, and a schematic plan.
5.2.2.1 Space programming

Space programming consists of five primary spaces as illustrated in figure 5.17 and
5.18 such as Teluk Layar Kolek, Muara Layar Tanjung, Benteng layar Labun, Alur Layar
Apit and Gapura Layar Tanjak. Teluk Layar Kolek consists of a resting area, seafood and
aquaculture spot, loading area, processing, and boat landing area. Muara Layar Tanjung
consists of a preserve area, food court, recreational fishing space, aquaculture, aquaponic
zone, and view corridor space.

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Benteng Layar Labun consists of a mini-park area, view corridor space, preserve and
fishing spot area, and rhu trail zone while Alur Layar Apit consists of a stop center zone,
green parking, and commercial area. The last main area is Gapura Layar Tanjak which
consists of an exhibition, cultural and green parking area.

Figure 5.17: Space programming
Figure 3.3 illustrated the sub-area that providing in the main area. The area had been
provided according to the suitability and geography of the site.

Figure 5.18: Space programming 122
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5.2.2.2 Conceptual diagram

There are two conceptual diagrams provided. Figure 5.19 illustrated the location of
each sub-area in the main area.

Green
parking

area

Figure 5.19: Conceptual diagram
Figure 5.20 illustrated the proposed site with a sub-area together with the location of
the entrance, main road circulation, pedestrian walkway, and buffer zone along the shoreline
area.

Green
parking

area

Figure 5.20: Conceptual diagram 123
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5.2.2.3 Functional diagrams
The functional diagram is divided into six diagrams which are circulation, zoning, social-
cultural, linkage of space, activities, and planting.

The first functional diagram is circulation which consists of the location of the
entrance, main road, and pedestrian walkway as illustrated in figure 5.21. The proposed site
has 3 entrances which are an entrance from the Kg Bijangga and two entrances from Dungun
town through internal and coastal routes. There are also three main roads which are Jalan
Pasar located along the river, Jalan Tambun located along the commercial area, and Jalan
Tanjung located along the beach. The pedestrian walkway will be provided in each area to
ensure accessibility for the users from one place to another.

Figure 5.21: Circulation
The second functional diagram is zoning which divided the proposed area into five
main areas as described before in the design concept stage. Gapura Layar Tanjak area which
is focusing on the culture located at the existing Dungun market while Alur Layar Apit is
located in the middle of the proposed site as illustrated in figure 5.22. Benteng Layar Labun
that focusing on recreational and local protection purposes located along the beach. Teluk
Layar Kolek is located in the riverside area as it is the location of the existing fishermen’s
jetty and warehouse. The last main area is Muara Layar Tanjung which is located at the cape
of the proposed site.

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Figure 5.22: Zoning
The third functional diagram is focusing on the social-cultural element of the
proposed site. The area is divided into two which is fishermen’s community-centric and
cultural event space. Fishermen’s community-centric areas are focusing on the area that
consists of fishermen’s daily routine and anything related to fishermen while the cultural
event space more focusing on any areas that exhibit and illustrated the cultural element of
fishermen’s community and will be located near to existing Dungun market as illustrated in
figure 5.23.

Figure 5.23: Social-cultural
The fourth functional diagram is the linkage of space of the proposed site. The linkage
is divided into two types which are fishermen’s and tourist’s links. Fishermen’s link is the
proposed route for fishermen to do their daily routines while the tourist’s link will be

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proposed for them to experience the overall site without facing any interference from the
daily routine of fishermen as illustrated in figure 5.24.

Figure 5.24: Linkage of space
The fifth functional diagram is focusing on activities. There are four types of activities
had been proposed for the locals and visitors there such as recreational activity, fishermen’s
lifestyle, local business, and cultural tradition as illustrated in figure 5.25.

Figure 5.25: Activities
The last functional diagram is planting which presents the area for each concept of
planting. The Seaside Garden will be proposed along the riverside and beachside area.
Dungun’s significant identity concept of planting will be proposed around the cultural area
while the meditative landscape is located in the middle between Seaside garden and
Dungun’s significant identity plant area as illustrated in figure 5.26.

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Figure 5.26: Planting
5.2.2.4 Schematic plan

The final bubble is the result of the zoning and bubble development process. The
schematic plan is the result of overlaying steps of the accessibility zoning and design
programs plan. It shows the initial arrangement of places and spaces according to the design
program bound together by the circulation. Later, it will be upgraded and determine further
development for the preliminary master plan.

The schematic plan shows the circulation for primary, secondary, and the circulation for
pedestrian walkways. The linking of the pedestrian ways is considered the main entrance for
this proposed “Singgah Layar Nelayan”, since it creates accessibility for the users to start the
journey within the area to the desired destination that has been linked together within the site.

Figure 5.27: Schematic plan 127
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5.2.3 Preliminary masterplan
The elements and the spaces of the design need to be translated into the actual form and

scale to produce the Preliminary master plan. It is important because it will show the
circulation and the linkages from one space to another and also the sustainability of the
elements that will be inserted. This stage is the pre-detail master plan that incorporated the
overlay series of bubble diagrams with the integrated plan.

The proposed circulations give the identity of the area and portray the strong identity
of fishermen’s culture that stitches the surrounding spaces together. There will be landscape
enhancement in the commercial area to complement the need to upgrade the landscape of
Kuala Dungun and this will not disturb the private property in the proposed site.

Figure 5.28: Preliminary masterplan 128
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5.2.3.1 Sections
There are two sections provided for this preliminary plan stage which are sections A-A’ and
section B-B’.

Section A-A’ which illustrated in figure 5.29 presents the Teluk Layar Kolek area
which is consists of the main road namely Jalan Pasar, the seafood stall for locals selling
fishermen’s fresh catchment, and a pedestrian walkway for tourists to enjoy themselves there.

Figure 5.29: Section A-A’
Section B-B’ illustrated the Teluk Layar Labun area which proposed area for
recreational purposes. This area will consist of the fishing hut and boardwalk for visitors to
do fishing or sight-seeing along the sea-side area as shown in figure 5.30. Both fishing hut
and boardwalk structures will use wooden material to complement the identity of fishermen’s
culture.

Figure 5.30: Section B-B’ 129
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5.2.3.2 Perspectives and sketches
A few hand-drawn perspectives and sketches are provided to illustrate the proposed

area and element in each space. Figure 5.31 illustrated the cultural and aquaculture spot area.
There will be a few traditional structures in the exhibition to illustrate the fishermen’s
lifestyle and identity in the cultural area while the aquaculture spot area will be located at the
riverside area that can be visited by the visitors.

Figure 5.31: Cultural area and aquaculture spot
In the Teluk Layar Kolek area, there will be a structure as shown in figure 5.32 that
can attract people to go there as the platform used the boat shape and the pole itself illustrated
the sail structure to strengthen the identity of fishermen’s culture for this proposed site. The
existing Dungun market was located in a cultural area that also can be an attractive spot for
visitors.

Figure 5.32: Teluk Layar Kolek area and Dungun market 130
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There will be a space for a traditional area that consists of a traditional house in the
Teluk Layar Gapura area as shown in figure 5.33 and this figure also illustrated the
commercial area in the Alur Layar Apit area. The pedestrian walkway will be provided to
make the area walkable for the users from one space to another space.

Figure 5.33: Tradition and commercial area
Figure 5.34 shows the commercial area at Alur Layar Apit area that the identity will
be enhanced by cultural elements to complement the strategy of this project which is to
implement the cultural element of the fishermen’s community at every angle of the site.
There will be a traditional restaurant that uses the identity of the Malay traditional house
concept and it will be linked with aquaculture and aquaponic zone for the visitor to have their
experience catching fish and cooking there as illustrated in figure 5.34.

Figure 5.34: Commercial area traditional restaurant 131
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For the local protection strategies, a natural buffer will be proposed along the sea-side

area to prepare for the monsoon season, and Cocos nucifera and Casuarina equisetifolia will
be the main softscape element used as illustrated in figure 5.35.

Figure 5.35: Natural buffer

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5.3 Masterplan
The final master plan is the absolute process from the preliminary stage elaborated on the
previous processes. The following figure shows the final result of the design of this
aquaculture tourism center using the concept of “Singgah Layar Nelayan”.

Figure 5.36: Masterplan
For the masterplan, as stated in figure 5.36, there are 5 main area that consist of
gapura layar tanjak,teluk layar kolek,muara layar tanjak,alur layar apit, and benteng layar
labun. Road from kuala dungun is the mainroad for the town that straight away direct the
tourist to the most exciting place which is teluk layar kolek that consist of lembaga kemajuan
ikan malaysia with a few jetty for fishermen, aquaculture area,breakwater and wet market .
But before that visitor need to pass away alur layar apit area that generally consist of shoplot
building. Next to teluk layar kolek is gapura layar tanjak that consist of 2 bazar nelayan for
tourist.

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Along the beach area was Benteng Layar Labun area which is focusing on recreation
and this space continuously with the Muara Layar Tanjungg area consists of café and fish
farming for tourist consumption. There will be huge granite boulders along the beach to resist
corrosion from waves and also consist of softscape elements that can protect the area during
the monsoon season
5.3.1 Sections and perspectives
There are four sections which are sections A-A’, B-B’, C-C’, and D-D’ with a few hand-
drawn perspectives provided for this masterplan stage.

Section A-A’ illustrated by figure 5.37 present the Muara Layar Tanjung area. In this
area, there will Rhu trail zone for the visitor to enjoy strolling around in green surround and
there is also a viewpoint area that consists of a gazebo and a boardwalk along the sea-side for
the visitor to have sight-seeing. Menara Layar Nelayan is located at the cape of the proposed
site and it is a strategic location as it gives a scenic view to the visitors.

Figure 5.37: Section A-A’
Figure 5.38 illustrated section B-B’ which shows the Teluk Layar Kolek area. In this
area, there will be a fishermen’s jetty for small boats which is located beside the main jetty. A
few fish cages are also located near the fishermen’s jetty for fish farming purposes. Pergola
will be provided in this area as a seating and resting space for the visitors and a view corridor

Singgah Layar Nelayan as new townscape of Dungun 134